Angela Lohse / Macarena Guajardo / RaUl ARANCIBIA / CHILE
CARGOTECHTURE CHALLENGE / COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
Vernacular Architecture Environment, materials and crafts activities have all had an important role in the development and Introduction recognition of so called ‘Nepali’ architecture, otherwise known as the ‘Newar’ style. The main shikhara (fig. 2) are found in the Darbar squares of the three ancient cities. One of the most significant is the temple of Krishna Radha in Patan, built in 1637
Fig. Typical composition of bricks found in ritual platforms. Source: Bo-
The material that unifies this architecture with napace, Caterina, Sestini, Valerio, Traditional Materials and Construction its environment is the clay soil of the Valley. Technologies used in the Kathmandu Valley. 2003. The soil that is excavated from a now dry lake whose waters previously opened out into a gorge in the south, as the Manjusree legend goes, is still used for the fabrication of bricks. Stone, a clay metamorphic limestone, is also found in the Kathmandu Valley. It is used for the construction of many architectonic and sculptural works. Some monuments, in particular the shikhara temples, built according to the Indian models, are typically made from stone.
the context of nepal Kathmandu is the capital and largest urban agglomeration of Nepal. Inhabitants: 975,453 Measures 49.45 square kilometres (19.09 sq mi). Elevation: 1400 meters (4600 ft) Weahter: In the north summers are cool and winters severe, while in south summers are tropical and winters are mild. Nepal has namely five major seasons: spring, summer, monsoon, autumn and winter. The valley of Kathmandu has a pleasant climate with average summer and winter temperatures of 19°C – 35°C and 2°C – 12°C respectively. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu. Most of Kathmandu’s people follow Hinduism and many others follow Buddhism. There are people of other religious beliefs as well, giving Kathmandu a cosmopolitan culture.
L1 CONTEXT
Angela Lohse / Macarena Guajardo / RaUl ARANCIBIA / CHILE
CARGOTECHTURE CHALLENGE / COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
The Earthquake As rescuers search for survivors of Nepal’s devastating earthquake, they bring with it a grim accounting—at the time of writing, there are more than 3,600 confirmed dead and more than 6,500 injured, according to the Nepalese police. With many remote mountain villages affected by the quake and its aftershocks, the human toll is likely to rise in the days to come. The US Geological Survey’s latest estimate puts a better than 50% chance that fatalities will eventually rise to 10,000 or more. Although saving lives is the focus for now, the terrible cost to Nepal’s economy and cultural heritage is also becoming clear. The financial damage may amount to a significant chunk of Nepal’s $20 billion annual GDP, to say nothing of the many priceless monuments and artifacts that have been lost. On a relative scale, the damage is devastating. In absolute terms, too, the Nepal earthquake will be among the deadliest in recent history, likely among the top 20 of the past 50 years. Source. http://qz.com/392064/the-deadliest-and-costliest-earthquakes-in-recent-history/
Irreparable loss / The cost of cultural heritage Reduced to piles of rubble and splintered wood, Nepal’s rich cultural heritage has suffered a devastating blow from a massive earthquake that tore through the country, experts said Sunday. In the heart of Kathmandu, many of a cluster of temples and statues built between the 12th and 18th centuries by the ancient kings of Nepal have collapsed, killing scores and trapping others underneath.
When disaster strikes. *Reuters/Navesh Chitrakar). quakes-in-recent-history/
http://qz.com/392064/the-deadliest-and-costliest-earth-
The nine-storey Dharahara tower, a major tourist attraction in the city’s Durbar square with its spiral staircase of 200 steps, was reduced to just its base when the 7.8-magnitude quake struck at lunchtime on Saturday. UNESCO was trying to gather information on the extent of the destruction, including at three palace-filled squares in the cities of Patan and Bhaktapur, both former kingdoms in the Kathmandu Valley, as well as in Kathmandu. “Several temples have collapsed. Two temples in Patan have been completely collapsed, and Durbar Square (in Kathmandu) is worse. “Right now we are assessing the situation, and collecting information on what the damage is. All UN agencies have received a request from the (Nepalese) government for assistance,” he added. He said it was too early to talk about reconstruction of the monuments and how much assistance UNESCO could provide. Source: http://news.yahoo.com/quake-deals-heavy-blow-nepals-rich-cultural-heritage-100225317.html
L2 THE EARTHQUAKE
May 2, 2015: A Nepalese boy runs past houses destroyed by last week’s earthquake in Pauwathok village, Sindhupalchok district, Nepal. (AP). Fox News http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/05/03/need-help-aid-scarce-inquake-hit-nepal-villages/
Angela Lohse / Macarena Guajardo / RaUl ARANCIBIA / CHILE
CARGOTECHTURE CHALLENGE / COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
Referents: Reusing Materials after disaster scenarios The case of Chanco, Chile. 2010 Earthquake. Reclaiming Heritage Project.
The work began with the deconstruction of an existing house just outside the Typical zone of Chanco, no longer inhabitable due to the damages suffered during the earthquake and due for demolition after the appropiate evaluation. Roof tiles, timber beams, adobe bricks, doors and windows were reclaimed, cleaned and stored for reuse. The new prototipe was built using all the reclaimed materials from the old house.
The case of Hait[i. 2010 Earthquake. Reclaiming Heritage Project.
Haiti has been half- stuck in an extremely slow process of recovery and reconstruction, so slow that four years after the quake, the emergency phase still seems ongoing. Other villages near Digner were also badly damaged by the earthquake, with over 80% of the homes were damaged or destroyed. Ruins and debris are a major obstruction to reconstruction efforts, but there is a potential to reclaim this space and re-use what is possible from existing walls and foundations.
L3 REFERENTS
Referents: Building with Containers Shipping container architecture is a form of architecture using steel intermodal containers (shipping containers) as structural element. It is also referred to as cargotecture, a portmanteau of cargo with architecture. The use of containers as a building material has grown in popularity of the past several years due to their inherent strength, wide availability, and relatively low expense. We have also started to see people build homes with containers because they are seen as more eco-friendly than traditional building materials such as brick and cement.
Angela Lohse / Macarena Guajardo / RaUl ARANCIBIA / CHILE
AFGHANISTÁN
NEPAL
PAKISTÁN
NEPAL
Far - Western
CHINA
Mild - Western
Tibet BHUTÁN
INDIA
BANGLADESH
Western KATMANDU Central
PATAN, KATMANDÚ
Tribhuvan International Airport
le R
ndo
o Kup d
ho wk R
d
COMMUNITY CENTER
Pu lc
CARGOTECHTURE CHALLENGE / COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
CONTEXT WORLD LOCATION
L4 LOCATION
PATÁN
Eastern
Angela Lohse / Macarena Guajardo / RaUl ARANCIBIA / CHILE
CARGOTECHTURE CHALLENGE / COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
SITE SITUATION
THE CHALLENGE To design part of the community center using 12 containers in order to locate:
The community Center it will be located in the center of Patan, near by the main avenue of it, Pulchowk Rd. The location is very privileged since it is right in the middle of the district (PATAN), therefore it has easy access and it is surrounded by trade and all kind of services, including educational institutions, hospitals, cafes, etc.
• 60 person conference hall • 3D printing and computer lab • Bathrooms The architectural requirements are to consider in the design: • Fusion of modern & traditional Nepali design • Alternative & green building techniques (biotecture)
URBAN CONTEXT United Nations House
Pulchowk engineering campus
The Bakery Cafe
SWAGAT Provision
Aswas Bakery Cafe
HOW KR
D
Village Cafe
PULC
COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
Namaste supermarket
Pulchowk flyover bridge
Bus Stop
L5 THE SITE
Sumeru City Hospital H
Madan Smarak higher secondary School
1
CENTER THROUGH OVERLAPING
2
2
CONTAINER PLACEMENT SCHEMES
SITE SITUATION
1
The diagonal placement of the containers enhance the middle space between green and construction
ROTATION
The overlaping of the volumes alows the appropiate distribution of the program. The center of the plot appears as the main meeting point ideal for big reunions
2ND LAYER OF CONTAINERS
ANALYSIS
SCHEMES
Angela Lohse / Macarena Guajardo / RaUl ARANCIBIA / CHILE
CARGOTECHTURE CHALLENGE / COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
USE OF AVAILABLE SPACE
L6 ANALYSE
The rotation operation adjusts the project to the place, meaning a fluently circulation and use of space. On the other hand the main facade looks straight to the access inviting the public to go inside and get to know the community center objective.
In case of space need, there is the option of using more container volumes. Additionally, the second layer of them links the community center with the city landscape and grants to the center a presence and a rol within the city
L7 PROJECT PLAN
Angela Lohse / Macarena Guajardo / RaUl ARANCIBIA / CHILE
CARGOTECHTURE CHALLENGE / COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
ACCES B
ACCES A
L8 VIEW FROM ACCES A
Angela Lohse / Macarena Guajardo / RaUl ARANCIBIA / CHILE
CARGOTECHTURE CHALLENGE / COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
L9 VIEW FROM AREA OF TREES
Angela Lohse / Macarena Guajardo / RaUl ARANCIBIA / CHILE
CARGOTECHTURE CHALLENGE / COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
L10 OVERVIEW
Angela Lohse / Macarena Guajardo / RaUl ARANCIBIA / CHILE
CARGOTECHTURE CHALLENGE / COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
Angela Lohse / Macarena Guajardo / RaUl ARANCIBIA / CHILE
CARGOTECHTURE CHALLENGE / COMMUNITY CENTER NEPAL
BAMBOO SHADING
RAIN WATER COLLECTOR A vertical container is located in order to colect rain water to be used in bathrooms, after which resultant gray water could be used for green roof watering.
GREEN ROOFS • This building technic gives thermal and acustic protection to the building, simultaneously providing O2 to the atmosphere
INSULATION Brick Facade Bamboo Facade
• It is recomendable to cultivate local plants and herbs and even to consider to choose low water requirement ones.
Advantages • Both materials act as temperature neutralizer on their owns ways. • Both interact and dialog with the local textures and materials meeting a friendly aspect. To consider • Brick instalation over the container may mean structural requirements, therefore aditional support it’s needed to hold the bricks. • Bamboo must be hermetically sealed, otherwise it will loose its insulation benefits.
VENTILATED FLOOR • The floor is raised 30 cm up to ensure ventilation and to take moisture away. • The contairners may be positioned over debris or local bricks.
L11 GREEN BUILDING TECHNIQUES