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3 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

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Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Chairman Dist. Director Dist. Director Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary Dist. Secretary

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4 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh - Modinagar Sh. Rampal Kashyap Dist. Chairman Ms. Sonika Jain Dist. Secretary Sh. Mukesh Jain Dist. Secretary Sh. Udyan Prasad Kansval Dist. Secretary Ms. Hemlata Singh Dist. Secretary Uttar Pradesh - Moradabad Mr. Ravish Chaddha Dist. Secretary Uttar Pradesh - Meerut Pt. Magadutt Shastri Dist. Chairman Ms. Geeta Siddhi Dist. Secretary Sh. Atul Kumar Shastri Dist. Secretary Dr. Kajal Manglik Dist. Secretary Er. Brij Bhushan Bhardwaj Dist. Secretary Ms. Asha Tyagi Dist. Secretary Sh. Vivekanand Dhoundiyal Dist. Secretary Ms. Renu Dist. Secretary Sh. Sandeep Kumar Singh Dist. Secretary Uttar Pradesh - Aligarh/Mathura Ms. Mamta Singh Dist. Secretary Sh. Anoop Raghav Dist. Secretary Sh. Shyam Sundar Sharma Dist. Secretary Uttar Pradesh - Bareilly Sh. Rajeev Agarwal Dist. Chairman Uttar Pradesh - Saharanpur Mahant Dr. Jogindra Nath Dist. Secretary Uttar Pradesh - Varanasi Sh. Girish Kumar Mishra Dist. Secretary Uttar Pradesh - Shamli Sh. Sushil Chauhan Dist. Chairman Uttar Pradesh - Kanpur Sh. Vinoda Nand Dist. Secretary Uttar Pradesh - Bulandshahr Sh. Love Kush Bhardwaj Shastri Dist. Secretary Uttar Pradesh - Lucknow Ach. Vijay Verma Dist. Secretary Mr. Ramesh Chandra Verma Dist. Secretary Mr. Vaibhav Dist. Secretary Uttar Pradesh - Gorakhpur/Kushinagar Ach. Kanhaiya Lal Tiwari Dist. Director Ach. Deepak Tripathi Dist. Secretary Ach. Jagannath Pandey Dist. Secretary Uttar Pradesh - Ambedkar Nagar Mr. Alok Kumar Upadhyay Dist. Secretary Uttarakhand Uttarakhand - Rishikesh Sh. Rudra Dist. Secretary Uttarakhand - Rudrapur Pt. Bhairav Sharma Dist. Commissioner Sh. Daya Shankar Shrimali Dist. Secretary Uttarakhand - Roorkee Ms. Kalpana Dist. Secretary Uttarakhand - Haridwar Sh. Om Prakash Agarwal Dist. Secretary West Bengal Sh. Prakash Ranjan Sarkar Dist. Secretary Sh. Pradeep Kumar Agarwal Dist. Secretary Sh. Ramesh Chandra Maji Dist. Secretary Sh. Ravi Jain Dist. Secretary Sh. Bal Kishan Purohit Dist. Secretary Sh. P. R. Halder Dist. Secretary

Contents From the Editor’s Desk

Editor's Desk

By Dr. Arun Bansal

Review

12 15 17 19 22

Ashta Mangal Yantra By Punit Vohra Casting of Horoscope Charts - Unity in Diversity! By R. Subramanian Foreign Travel and Travel Lines By D.K. Gupta Importance of Hindu Religion By R. Harishankar Importance of Chanting Rama Mantra By R. Harishankar

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RESEARCH JOURNAL Chapters

All India Federation of Astrologers' Societies® Flagship Store : A-3, Ring Road, South Ex. Part-1, New Delhi - 110049, Ph : 40541020 (50 Line) Corporate Office : X-35, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-2, New Delhi - 110020, Ph : 40541000 Branch Office : B-237, Sector-26, Noida - 201301, UP, Ph : 40541020 E-mail : mail@aifas.com, Web : www.aifas.com

IRAN Tehran Chapter Mr. Alireza Pourmahram Add: No. 388, Entrance 2, Block-C2, Phase-1, Ekbatan Complex Buildings, Tehran (Iran), Post Code- 1395633185 M : 00989351176759, 00989127007378 Email : info@tantravidya.com, tantravidya@yahoo.com Web : http://www.tantravidya.com NEPAL Kathmandu Chapter Dr. K. N. Bastakoty Vastupath-7, Pragati-Tole, Dhumbarahi, GPO BOX-6660, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: 00977-1-4433841 Fax : 00977-1-4446178 Pokhara Chapter Dr. Balaram Upadhyay Regmi Pokhara College of Astrology Post Box No-207, Pokhara, Nepal Phone/Fax: 00977-61-540347 Mob : 9856020914 SOUTH AMERICA Columbia Chapter Mr. Pablo Contreras Av Cra 9 # 106-06, Bogota Colombia +57-1-5202706, +57-3114892830 Ecuador Chapter Santiago Fonseca Avenida Paucarbamba 2-24, con calle Manuel J. Calle Cuenca, Ecuador-010150 Ph.: (+593) 72810132 santifonseca@gmail.com THAILAND Bangkok Chapter Mrs. Kritikavalai Hirunsi Thai International Institute of Astrology Association Naemwonewan Branch(Project) 94/6 Naemwongwan Rd. Laksi, Thungsong Hong Bangkok 10210, Thailand, Ph. : 091-9956159 timytomy5@hotmail.com

UNITED KINGDOM (U.K.) U.K. Chapter Mr. Konstantinos Doropoulos 31 Birkby Hall Road, Huddersfield HD2 2TJ, United Kingdom (UK) Ph : 00441484315196 Mob : 004407429179811 email : samarpan_tarab@yahoo.gr U.S.A Orlando Chapter All India Astrological Services #2070, Tiptree Circle Orlando, FL-32837 (USA) Ph.:1-800-238-4295,407-857-4319 Fax - 407-857-9498 Web - www.hinduastrology.com New York Chapter Ms. Priti Bhatia, Preet Jyotish #30-08A, Broadway, Astoria New York-11106, USA Ph.:1-646-415-2487 E-mail - pritiniti@gmail.com ANDHRA PRADESH Rajahmundry Chapter • Sh. P. S. Phani Sarma #4-211/2, Sri Shirdi Sai Nagar, Besides Coir Board, Dowlaiswaram, Dist-East Godawari-533125 (A. P.) Mob : 09440490999 phanimadhuri1971@gmail.com ASSAM Guwahati Chapter • Shri Abhijit Dhar School of Indian Astrology Bye Lane No.9, H.No.-6, Rajgarh, Guwahati-781003 (Assam) Mob : 09435146262, 09864046652 Email:astrology_abhijeet@hotmail.com Web.:www.darshan.net.in/abhijeet.html

6 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

BIHAR Gaya Chapter • Sh. Pramod Kumar Sinha Astrological Point Shanti Niketan, Maharani Road Gaya - 823002 (Bihar) Ph : 063 1-2225473, Mob : 09431223487, 0983526086 pramod@astrologicalpointindia.com info@astrologicalpointindia.com Web.: www.astrologicalpointindia.com Patna Chapter • Sh. Pramod Kumar Sinha Astrological Point, H.No.-3, A.N. Path, North S.K. Puri, Near H.P. Petrol Pump Patna - 800013 Mob : 09835412470, 0983526086 pramod@astrologicalpointindia.com info@astrologicalpointindia.com Web.: www.astrologicalpointindia.com Bihar Sharif Chapter • Sh. Ranjeet Kumar Sinha New Astrological Point, Moh- Uddant puri, Garhpar East of Cambride School Bihar Sharif, Dist- Nalanda-803101 Mob. - 7004777141, 9955565880 CHHATISGARH Bhilai Chapter • Sh. Jayant Pandey Kaatyaayni Jyotish 10/B, Street N.P.A., Sector-5, Bhilai-490001, (C.G) Ph:0788-2279918, Mob: 09329012021(Bhilai) 09833137666 (Mumbai) Email: panditjayant1@yahoo.co.in Web.: astrology24x7.com Raipur Chapter • Dr. Seema Jindal Institute of Vastu and Peaceful living 3-C Mallika Merlin Jayashri Vihar, Krishi Upaj Mandi Road, Pandri Tarai,Raipur, Chhatisgarh Mob : 9826879800 Email : seema.jindal78@gmail.com

RESEARCH JOURNAL Chapters CHANDIGARH TRICITY Panchkula Chapter • Er. K.L. Verma Institute of Cosmic Sciences 1221, Sector 21, Panchkula-134109, Mob : 09872641221 email : klverma21@gmail.com web : www.ics-india.org DELHI & NCR Delhi Chapter-I • Smt. Abha Bansal Future Point A-3, South Extn. Part-1, Ring Road, New Delhi -110049 Ph.:011-40541000, 40541004 Email: mail@futurepointindia.com, mail@aifas.com Web.: www.futurepointindia.com Delhi Chapter-II Ach. Bhavna Bhatia Cosmic Future Point D-13 (4th Floor), Sector - 8, Bagdola, Dwarka, New Delhi-110077 Mob: 09811131939, 09811131642 astrourja@gmail.com, ankguru@gmail.com

Dwarka Chapter • Ms. Sunita Upadhyay MIG Flat No. 151, Pocket-B, Sector-14 Kautaliya Aptt., Dwarka, Delhi - 110075 Mob:09811677308 sunitasaikids@gmail.com Preet Vihar Chapter • Ramesh Kumar Sharma Zodiac Astrology Shop No. 12, DDA Market, Near Mother Dairy Booth, New Rajdhani Enclave, Preet Vihar, New Delhi - 110092 Ph. : 011-79649001 rksharmaastro60@yahoo.in zodiacastrology999@gmail.com Uttam Nagar Chapter • Ach. Praveen Kumar Soni H.No.-9E, Ground Floor, Om Vihar Phase-1A, Behind Mata Roop Rani Maggo Hospital, Near Metro Piller No. 707, New Delhi-110059 M-9313531818, 9319255117

Delhi Chapter-IV • Sh. Harish Kumar Malik Jai Guru Jyotish Sansthan 1/9533, Street No.-2, Partap Pura, West Rohtash Nagar, Shahadara, Delhi - 110032 Mob : 09871408417 Email: harishmalik76@gmail.com

Palam Vihar Chapter • Pt. Ashok Kumar Sharma Inst. of Vastu, Astrology & Gemology C-118, 1st Flr, Palam Vyapar Kendra Palam Vihar, Gurgaon-(Har.)-122017 Ph:0124-4073863-64, 09971743292 Email: orbitplanet9@gmail.com web : www.i-vag.com

Delhi Chapter-V • Sh. Sewaram Jaipuriya Institute of Vastu and Joyful Living B-292, Sarswati Vihar, Delhi-110034 Ph:011-27030966/67,65169566, 27020736 Mob: 9810100533, 9971688133 Email: ptgopal@yahoo.com Web:www.panditgopalsharma.com

Ghaziabad Chapter • Sh. Sukhvinder Singh Saransh Jyotish 30/1, Lal Quarter, Lohia Nagar, Ghaziabad-201001(U.P.) Mob : 09811067209 Email : saranshjyotish@gmail.com

Delhi Chapter-X • Acharya Rajender Chawdhary Jyotish Aradhna, Institute of Astrology & Vastu A-771, Shashtri Nagar, Delhi-110052 Ph : 9810906914, 9818150352 Email: rajenderchawdhary@gmail.com Delhi West Vikaspuri Chapter • Sh. Amit Kapoor Guru Saptrishi Jyotish Shikshan Sansthan GGI/75B, Vikaspuri, New Delhi - 110068 Mob : 9873232287 emial : kapooramitdec1978@gmail.com

Vaishali Chapter • Sh. N. K. Gupta Astro-Vastu Prabhodhini Kendra Ansal Plaza Mall, UGSR-1G Vaishali, Ghaziabad, UP Mob: 9810604604, 8447674201 Noida Chapter -I • Mrs. Tanvi Bansal Future Point B-237, Sector-26, Noida - 201301, UP Ph: 9911175551, 9910080002 Email:mail@futurepointindia.com

7 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

GUJARAT Surat Chapter • Sh. H. B. Joshi Bhaskara Bureau of Vedic Astrology 10/1774, Popawala Street Soni Falia, Surat-395003 Ph:0261-2599066, M-09427474796 hjoshiastrovastu@gmail.com Anand Chapter • Tejas Patel / Kaveeta Ramani Pushpa Reiki Centre 1, Hari Om Nagar, Borsad Road Jitodiya, Anand - 388345 M- 9824505756, 9824846300 Bharuch Chapter • Mr. Vijay Kumar Parimal Solanki Hetvi Astro & Vastu Consultant 284, Shilpi Square , Opp., Nagori Dairy, Dahej bypass road, Bharuch-392001 Mob : 9925032690 web: www.hetviastro.com Email : vijaysolanki2212@gmail.com Dholka Chapter • Mr. Abhishek Navinchandra Joshi A124 Dwarikapuri Society, Saroda Road Kalikund, Dholka - 387810 (Guj.) M- 9725194913 email : abhishekjoshi501@gmail.com Rajkot Chapter • Shri Umesh Kumar K. Dave A/41, Alap Avenue, Near Pushkardham University Road, Rajkot-360005 Mob- 9824853607 Vadodara Chapter • Shri Shashikant K. Sharma Vedic Vidhya Astrovastu Vision Shop No. 5, Surdhara complex, near Shiv Parti Plot, Manjalpur, Vadodara-390011 Mob : 7972483072 Vedvidhyavastu@gmail.com GOA Goa Chapter • Sh. Sudarshan V. Deshpande Shree Datta Krupa Astro. Res. Centre Plot No. 251, Amona, Ferry Road, Devlay, Candola, Goa-403107 Mob: 09764004315 Email: svd02@yahoo.co.in

RESEARCH JOURNAL Chapters HARYANA Ambala Chapter • Shri Rajesh Garg 1634/11, Mahavir Nagar, Ambala City-134003 Mob : 09416499840, 07696118000 Email: divinogroupofinstitutes@gmail.com Email: divinogroupofinstitutes@yahoo.com Kurukshetra Chapter • Sh. Ashwani Gautam Bye Pass Road, Professor Colony, Thanesar Kurukshetra-136118, Haryana Mob : 9034730625 Yamuna Nagar Chapter • Pt. Gopal Raj Kaushal Maa Durga Jyotish Shiksha Kendra Gali No. 5, Azad Nagar, Yamuna Nagar-135001 (Haryana) Mob : 09355009847 Email:jaibawalal@rediffmail.com KARNATAKA Bangalore Chapter-I • Sh. T. V. Laxminarsimhiah Jyothir Mandiram, 39, 2nd Main, 2nd Stage, West Chord Road, Bangalore-560010 Ph: 080-23494724, Mob- 09481244050 Email: tvln.iah@gmail.com MAHARASHTRA Mumbai Chapter • Sh. Jayant Pandey Kaatyaayni Jyotish 906, Kanchan Ganga Apt., Near Manish Market, J.P. Road, 4 Bunglow Andheri(W), Mumbai-53 09833137666 (Mumbai) Email: panditjayant1@yahoo.co.in Web.: astrology24x7.com Pune Chapter • Sh. Prashant Manda Vastu & Fengsui Res. Centre C./o Suhas Parekh 20/17, Sakal Nagar, Baner Road, Aundh, Pune-411007, Maharashtra Mobile : 09823746626 prashant_manda@rediffmail.com www.vastumaharuishi.blogspot.com

Pune Sasane Nagar Chapter Anmol Astro & Vastu Consultant • Smt. Medha Shekhar Kulkarni Binawat Complex, Flat No-5, 2nd Floor Kalepadal Road, Sasane Nagar Pune - 411028, Maharashtra M- 9175186045, 9850110391 sandhisevapendra19@gmail.com Nagpur Chapter • Sh. Chetan Lalitbhav Malviya 97, Jasoda Kunj, Nivruti Nagar, Bharatwada Road, Behind Gujrati Colony, Nagpur-400035 Mob : 9371765254, 8793160670 email : malaviyachetan29@gmail.com MADHYA PRADESH Indore Chapter-II • Er. Akhilesh Jain Aloukik Vastu Jyotish Anu. Sansthan 82, Vidya Nagar, Sapana Sangeeta, Inodre (M.P.) Ph:0731-4066871, M-09826016534 Email:aloukikurja@yahoo.co.in Web.: www.astrourja.com Indore Chapter-IV • Ms. Vedica Srivastav Vedica Astrology Centre “Rigved” 10 Vaikunthdham Colony, Anand Bazar, Indore-452206 Mob. : 09827080111 Email: vedica.shrivastav@gmail.com Web.: www.shopastro.com Indore Chapter-V • Mr. Devendra Singh Khushwaha Shop No. 8, 1st Floor, Sterling Power, Near Apollow Tower, M.G. Road, Indore- 452020, M.P. Mob : 09826406476, 09993722250 Email:dev.astrology12@gmail.com web : www.devastro.com ORISSA Bhubaneshwar Chapter • Amitav Mohanty Ground Floor, Plot No. - 456/2413, Shree Vihar, Po- Patia, PS-Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Orissa-751031 Mob: 09937647373 amitavmohanty007@gmail.com mohantyamitav007@yahoo.com PUNJAB

8 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

Amritsar Chapter • Mr. Jishnu Gupta Amritsar Inst. of Ast. Sci. & Res. Centre C/o - Shri R.K. Gupta SCF-18C, C Block Market, Ranjeet Avenue Nr. Eldo Rado Restaurant, Amritsar(Pb.)-143001 Ph.:0183-2502970, M-09815902970 rkguptaastrologer@gmail.com Barnala Chapter Shri Satinder Kumar Sharma Dr. J.P. Gaur Institute of Astrology Science Dt.S.K.Joshi, Adjoining First Cry Showroom, Court Road, Under Fly Over (Pillar no.6), Barnala-148101 Mob. 9417387272 Jalandhar Chapter • Shri Somnath Gopal Jyotish Shiksha & Anu. Kendra C/o Bhartiya Gopal Model High School Gopal Nagar Railway Road, Nakodar, Jalandhar (Pb.)-141310 Ph.: 01821-221787, M-09872133518 Jalandhar Cant Chapter • Col(Dr.) Ashok Kumar Sharma T h e Ve d a nt L i f e s t y l e A l i g n m e nt , Management & Research Institute Sco-01, Eagle Enclave, Khusropur, Jalandhar - 144024, Punjab M-08054451051 E-mail:ashok626santa@gmail.com Ludhiana Chapter Prof. Madan Mohan Dr. Suresh Atray / Mr. Divyadeep Gaur 102, Pratap Colony, Model Gram, Ludhiana- 141002 Mo.: 9357440102, Ph.:01624-223356 Email: atraysachin13@gmail.com RAJASTHAN Amer Chapter • Pt. Sanjay Sharma 317, Badrinath Colony Ward No. 1, Sagar Road, Amer-302028 Mob : 7791027500 Ganganagar Chapter • Pt. Ghanshyam Das Bhrigu Jyotish Vidyapeeth 983, Purani Aabadi, Ward No. 15, Ganganagar-335001 (Raj.) Ph : 0154- 2451242, Mob.- 09166157278

RESEARCH JOURNAL Chapters Jaipur Chapter • Ach.Shiv Kumar Agrawal Astrology Study & Research Centre 36-A, Gangwal Park, Behind SMS Medical College, Jaipur-302004 Mob: 09414943101, Ph:0141-2608003 mail : pcpljpr@gmail.com, web : www.astrologyjaipur.com Jodhpur Chapter • Shri Rajendra Kumar Purohit Vastu and Jyotish Anu. Kendra Geeta Bhawan, 1st Floor, Room -12, Shivanchi Gate Rd, Jodhpur (Raj.)-342001 Ph.: 0291-2618117, 2634374 Mob: 09828128117 Email:purohitrk2001@yahoo.co.in Tonk Chapter • Sh. Babulal Shastri Manu Jyotish & Vastu Res. Centre Opp. Barwali Haweli, Subhash Bazar, Tonk- 304001 (Raj.) Ph: 01432-245358, M- 09413129502 manujyotishvastu@rediffmail.com TAMILNADU Chennai Chapter • Sh. R. Karnan Astroved Com Private Limited SP.-75, Sidco Industrial Estate, Ambattur, Chennai-600058 Mob : 044-43419898 support@astroved.com UTTAR PRADESH Agra Chapter • Dr. Mahesh Parasar Jyotish Tantra Shiksha Prasar Samiti C/o Bhavishy Darshan, Shop No. 6, FF, Bhagwati Complex, Opp. Shah Talkies, M G Road, Agra -282002(U.P.) Phone : 0562-2525262, 2856666 Mob : 09719666777, 09719005262 Email: mail@bhabishydarshan.in pushpit_aayu1910@yahoo.co.in Web:www.bhabishydarshan.com Aligarh Chapter • Dr. Sarvottam Dixit Future Point Computers Opp. Roadways Bus Stand Shah Kamal Road, Aligarh-202001(U.P.) M-09837190538 Email: sdixit_dr@rediffmail.com

Gorakhpur Chapter • Ms. Manjri Gupta/Sh. Ashish Umar Sadguru Adwat Jyotish & Vastu Paramarsh Kendra Upadhay Complex, Shivaji Nagar, Bagaha Vir Baba Mandir Raod, Rustampur, Gorakhpur - 273016 Mob.9450731183, 9956666415 email : alma.global@yahoo.in Hapur Chapter • Sh. Shiv Kumar Garg Shiva Jyotish Kendra 1658, New Panna Puri, Pacca Bagh, Hapur-245101 Mob : 8881856657, 7417236409 email : sgarg9493@gmil.com web : www.astroadhyatm.com Etah Chapter • Ms. Sangeeta Gupta 246, Bank Colony Shringar Nagar, Etah- 207001, U.P. Mob: 9410878400 Kanpur Chapter • Sh. Sharad Kumar Tripathi Mani Computers & Ast. Res. Centre 194/B/4, O Block, Kidwai Nagar, In front of Society Registrar Office Nr. Site No.1 Chauraha, Kanpur(U.P.)-208002 Mob : 09336101269, 09918101269 Email:mani_futurepoint@hotmail.com Lucknow Chapter-I • Shri Tara Chandra Khatri Kalptaru Kaamdhenu Jyotish Karyalaya B-7, Chaupatiyan Colony Lucknow (U.P.)-236003 Ph:0522-3231789, M : 9415763207, 9305562012 Meerut Chapter • Shri Indu Garg Indudeep Future Point D-262, Shastri Nagar, Meerut -250002 Phone : 0121-2761080, 4002566 indudeepfuturepoint@gmail.com Meerut Baghpat Road Chapter • Shri Sharad Agarwal H.No. 46/58, Umesh Vihar Madhuban Transport Co. wali Gali T.P. Nagar, Meerut-250002 Ph : 0121-2402257, 4059727 M :9457129116 sharadmanglik@rediffmail.com Meerut Jagriti Vihar Chapter • Smt. Pinki W/o- Sandeep Kumar Singh C/o N.S. Tomar 209/9, Jagriti Vihar, Meerut M- 8923385409

9 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

Modi Nagar Chapter • Shri Brijbhushan Sharma 288A, Gali No. -4, Santtura, Govindpuri Modi Nagar - 201204, U.P. M- 9368433275 Prayagraj Chapter • Gaurav Saksena Jai Maa Kalyani 25/1, Tagore Town, Prayagraj -211002 M-8960000010 email: gsaksena@yahoo.com Saharanpur Chapter • Pt. Mukesh Sharma Durgapuri Colony, Nehru Nagar, Near ITC, Saharnpur- 247001, U.P. M-9520009000, 9837093634 web : www.neelkanthastro.com email : neelkanthastroguruji@gmail.com Varanasi Chapter • Sh. Kunwar Sahne Kashivishwanath Jyotish Vidhyalay N-7/15, Aanand Vihaar Colony, Near APEX Hospital, D.L.W-HYDEL Road, Varanasi-221010, U.P. Mob : 09792365981, 9044110033 email: gurug@hotmail.com UTTARAKHAND Dehradun Chapter-II • Sh. Vipin Uniyal H.No. 117, Lane-8, Vijay Park Extn. Dehradun-248001, Uttaranchal Mob : 09410503711 Email: vipinuni@yahoo.com, uniyal123@gmail.com Rudrapur Chapter • Ms. Poonam Chandna Rudra Future Point Dream Home Colony, Villa No.-A/12, Kiccha Road, Rudrapur, Udham Singh Nagar-263153 Mob : 09911109229, 9811677308 Email: poonamchandna2013@gmail.com WEST BENGAL Kolkata Chapter (West Bengal) • Shri Sanat Kumar Datta Anuradha Future Point P-52, Kalindi Housing Estate Kolkata-700089 (W.B.) Ph : 033-25226765, M-09830313995 Kolkata Chapter (West Bengal) • Dr. Surendra Kapoor Happy Zodiac Guru Sagar Jyoti Apartment RAA-37, Raghunathpur VIP Road, Kolkata-59 Haapy House, 21, Camac Street, Kolkata-16 9831229090/9830029090

From The Editor's Desk

#nzk{k % igpku ,oa mi;ksx :nzk{k vke ds isM+ tSls ,d isM+ dk Qy gSA ;s isM+ nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa eq[;r% tkok] ey;sf'k;k] rkboku] Hkkjr ,oa usiky esa ik, tkrs gSaA Hkkjr esa ;s eq[;r% vle] v#.kkapy izns'k ,oa nsgjknwu esa ik, tkrs gaSA #nzk{k ds Qy ls fNydk mrkjdj mlds cht dks ikuh esa xykdj lkQ fd;k tkrk gSA blds cht gh #nzk{k :i esa ekyk vkfn cukus esa mi;ksx esa yk, tkrs gaSA blds vanj izkÑfrd fNnz gksrs gaS ,oa larjs dh rjg Qkadsa cuh gksrh gaS tks eq[k dgykrh gSaA #nzk{k dh tkfr ds gh nwljs Qy gSa Hknzkl ,oa banzk{kA Hknzk{k esa eq[k tfur èkkfj;ka ugha gksrh gaSA banzk{k vc yqIr gks pqdk gS vkSj ns[kus esas ugha vkrkA dgk tkrk gS fd lrh dh e`R;q ij f'koth dks cgqr nq[k gqvk vkSj muds vkalw vusd LFkkuksa ij fxjs ftlls #nzk{k ¼#nz$v{k vFkkZr f'ko ds vkalw½ dh mRifÙk gqbZA blhfy, tks O;fDr #nzk{k èkkj.k djrk gS mls lHkh izdkj ds d"Vksa ls eqfDr feyrh gSA panzek f'koth ds Hkky ij lnk fojkteku jgrk gS vr% panz xzg tfur dksbZ Hkh d"V gks rks #nzk{k èkkj.k ls fcYdqy nwj gks tkrk gSA fdlh Hkh izdkj dh ekufld mf}Xurk] jksx ,oa 'kfu ds } kjk ihfM+r panz vFkkZr lk<+s lkrh ls eqfDr esa #nzk{k vR;ar mi;ksxh gSA f'ko liksZa dks xys esa ekyk cukdj èkkj.k djrs gSaA vr% dky liZ tfur d"Vksa ds fuokj.k esa Hkh #nzk{k fo'ks"k mi;ksxh gksrk gSA #nzk{k lkekU;r;k ikapeq[kh ik, 10 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

tkrs gaS] ysfdu ,d ls pkSngeq[kh #nzk{k dk mYys[k f'ko iqjk.k] in~e iqjk.k vkfn esa feyrk gSA #nzk{k ds eq[k dh igpku mls chp ls nks VqdM+ksa esa dkV dj dh tk ldrh gSA ftrus eq[k gksrs gSa mruh gh Qkadas utj vkrh gSaA gj #nzk{k fdlh u fdlh xzg dk izfrfufèkRo djRkk gSA budk fofHkUu jksxksa ds mipkj esa Hkh fo'ks"k mi;ksx gksrk gSA #nzk{kksa esa ,deq[kh vfr nqyZHk gSA 'kq) ,deq[kh #nzk{k rks ns[kus esa feyrk gh ugha gSA usiky dk xksy ,deq[kh #nzk{k vR;ar gh nqyZHk gSA blds LFkku ij nf{k.k Hkkjr esa ik;k tkus okyk ,deq[kh dktwnkuk vR;ar gh izpfyr gSA vle esa ik;k tkus okyk xksy nkus dk ,deq[kh #nzk{k Hkh cgqr izpfyr gSA bDdhl eq[kh ls Åij ds #nzk{k vfr nqyZHk gSaA blds vfrfjDr vV~Bkbl eq[kh rd ds #nzk{k Hkh ik, tkrs gSaA ekyk,a vfèkdka'kr% baMksusf'k;k ls miyCèk #nzk{kksa dh cukbZ tkrh gSaA cM+s nkuksa dh ekyk,a NksVs nkuksa dh ekykvksa dh vis{kk lLrh gksrh gSaA lkQ] LoPN] l[r] fpdus o lkQ eq[k fn[kkbZ nsus okys nkuksa dh ekyk dkQh egaxh gksrh gSA #nzk{k ds vU; :iksa esa xkSjh 'kadj] xkSjh x.ks'k] x.ks'k ,oa f=tqVh vkfn gSaA xkSjh 'kadj #nzk{k esa nks #nzk{k izkÑfrd :i ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA ;s nksuksas #nzk{k xkSjh ,oa 'kadj ds izrhd gSaA bls èkkj.k djus ls nkEiR; thou esa eèkqjrk cuh jgrh gSA blh izdkj xkSjh x.ks'k esa Hkh nks #nzk{k tqM+s gksrs gSa ,d cM+k ,d NksVk] ekuks ikoZrh dh xksn esa x.ks'k fojkteku gksaA bl #nzk{k dks èkkj.k djus ls iq= larku dh izkfIr gksrh gS ,oa larku ds lHkh izdkj ds d"Vksa dk fuokj.k gksrk gSA x.ks'k #nzk{k esa izkÑfrd :i ls gkFkh dh lwaM tSlh vkÑfr cuh gksrh gSA bls èkkj.k djus ls lHkh izdkj ds vojksèk nwj gksrs gSa ,oa nq?kZVuk ls cpko gksrk gSA f=tqVh #nzk{k esa rhu #nzk{k izkÑfrd :i ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA ;g vfr nqyZHk #nzk{k gS vkSj bls èkkj.k djus ls lHkh izdkj ds d"Vksa dk fuokj.k gksrk gSA #nzk{k ds ckjs esa dqN Hkze Hkh izpfyr gSaA tSls fd igpku ds fy, dgk tkrk gS fd rkacs ds nks flDdksa ds chp esa ;fn #nzk{k dks j[kk tk, vkSj og vlyh gks rks èkheh xfr ls ?kwerk gqvk utj vk,xkA okLro esa #nzk{k tSlh fdlh Hkh xksy dkaVsnkj oLrq dks ;fn bl rjg idM+k tk,xk rks og vlarqyu ds dkj.k ?kwesxhA nwljk Hkze ;g gS fd vlyh #nzk{k ikuh esa Mwcrk gS] udyh ughaA ;g ckr bl rF; rd rks lgh gS fd ydM+h dk cuk Ñf=e #nzk{k ugha MwcsxkA #nzk{k dk cht Hkkjh gksus ds dkj.k Mwc tkrk gS ysfdu ;fn vlyh #nzk{k iwjk idk ugha gks ;k fNnz esa gok Hkjh jg xbZ gks rks og Hkh ikuh ls gYdk gh jgrk gS] Mwcrk ughaA vfèkd eq[k okys #nzk{k ,oa ,deq[kh #nzk{k egaxs gksus ds dkj.k udyh Hkh cuk fy, tkrs gSaA izk;% de eq[kh #nzk{k esa vfrfjDr eq[k dh èkkfj;ka cuk nh tkrh gSa ftlls de ewY; dk #nzk{k vfèkd ewY; dk gks tkrk gSA bl rF; dh tkap djus ds fy, #nzk{k dks chp ls dkVdj Qkadksa dh fxurh dh tk ldrh gSA nwljs] vuqHko }kjk bu Ñf=e èkkfj;ksa vkSj izkÑfrd èkkfj;ksa esa varj fd;k tk ldrk gSA dHkh&dHkh nks #nzk{kksa dks tksM+dj Hkh ,d egaxk #nzk{k cuk fy;k tkrk gSA xkSjh 'kadj] xkSjh x.ks'k ;k f=tqVh #nzk{k vDlj bl izdkj cuk fy, tkrs gSaA bldh tkap ds fy, ;fn #nzk{k dks ikuh esa mcky fn;k tk, rks udyh #nzk{k ds VqdM+s gks tk,axs tcfd vlyh #nzk{k T;ksa dk R;ksa jg tk,xkA dbZ ckj udyh #nzk{k dks Hkkjh djus ds fy, fNnzksa esa ikjk ;k lhlk Hkj fn;k tkrk gSA mckyus ls ;g ikjk ;k lhlk ckgj vk tkrk gS vkSj #nzk{k rSjus yxrk gSA dbZ ckj ns[kus esa vkrk gS fd #nzk{k ij liZ] x.ks'k] f='kwy vkfn cus gksrs gSaA ;s lHkh vkÑfr;ka izkÑfrd ugha gksrh gSa] bl izdkj ds #nzk{k dsoy udyh gh gksrs gSaA vr% egaxs #nzk{k fdlh fo'oluh; izfr"Bku ls gh [kjhnuk mfpr gSA vlyh ,oa fo'oluh; #nzk{k dh izkfIr ds fy, ¶;wpj IkkWbaV jRu ,oa #nzk{k HkaMkj esa vkidk Lokxr gSA

11 | Apr.-Jun.2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW

Ashta Mangal Yantra By Punit Vohra

Ashtamangal Yantra is stored in the special alloys Created for it with different mixture of metals, then it is installed by our spiritual guru (Dr Punit Bhardwaj). The wearer can wear it or avail it in different available forms and patterns. Ved World is the first company in the world to combine all the 8 most auspicious AshtaMangals in a sacred geometry which also combines the positive effects of all the planets along with the secret Vedic Techniques of Prana Pratishtha to energise and charge the Yantra with the most powerful Cosmic Energy from the Planet Mars (Mangal) and provide happiness and prosperity to the person acquiring the Yantra. What is mangal? The word mangal sounds are the most auspicious one that brings happiness, positivity & removes all amanagal, negativity from everywhere. Origin of Ashtamangal Renowned Astro-Physicist – Dr. Punit Bhardwaj, the Founder of Ved World was experimenting with the idea of binding all the AshtaMangals into one single geometry

which could change the entire world. It was during the auspicious day of Akshay Tritiya when the divine Energy from Planet Mars channelised itself through the hands of Dr. Punit when he was able to combine the sacred geometry of the Ashtamangals - The 8 Most Powerful Mangals (Auspicious Symbols) and The 9 planets together; which generates the most powerful cosmic energy. This Geometry contains the powers of the entire universe within itself. The belief that a god created the universe according to a geometric plan has ancient origins and is an elaborate sience to be studied. Groupings of eight auspicious symbols were originally used in India at ceremonies such as an investiture or coronation of a king. An early grouping of symbols included: throne, swastika, handprint, hooked knot, vase of jewels, water libation flask, pair of fishes, lidded bowl. In Buddhism, these eight symbols of good fortune represent the offerings made by the gods to Shakyamuni Buddha immediately after he gained enlightenment. He started his research on various religions and understood that the AshtaMangal were randomly used for auspicious occasions and worshipped. His experiments brought a design which is considered to be the most powerful sacred geometry in the world to be invented in modern human history. AshtaMangal Yantra : the Sacred Geometry comprises of 8 Other Planets (Sun, Moon, Rahu, Ketu, Shani, Buddh, Guru, and

12 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW Shukra) Revolving around Mangal in a very scientifically spiritual manner. They are Derived from the Vedas and adjusted as per the kundli birth chart which are situated Between AshtaMangal & Mars. In case in our birth chart (kundli) if any Planet is malefic or in transit (powerless), even then if one is wearing or surrounded by the AshtaMangal Yantra, then all these 8 PlanetS become energetic and gives positive results. This device needs no religion or belief of any sort to back it & the science behind this Device is completely based on the primordial secrets given to mankind by the one and only Mother Nature and her creations. The combined power & energy it generates is as equally powerful as a Statue of God or the Sacred Geometry of any place of worship like a Temple, Mosque, Church or any other holy object. How Ashtamangal Cosmic circuit works? Energy only flows into any object when its circuit is completed and is arranged in high quality metallurgy through alchemy. In our specialised sacred geometry AshtaMangal the 9 planets and 8 mangals are arranged in such a manner that universally positive high frequency cosmic energy is captured and is stored in our Yantra to its maximised strength which emits negative ions and neutralises all negative energies. This is 8 ashtasiddhis and 9 navnidhis resulting in 8×9=72. The 72,000 nadis in our body get charged, through which this planetary circuit along with AshtaMangal harnesses the highest level of cosmic energy which flows through this Yantra. Tuesday is the Day which is found to

be Auspicious and pure for installing the Yantra. One has to just surrender themselves unconditionally to AshtaMangal MAHADevta. As such, there are no barriers for this yantra even for girls during their moon cycle, they have full access and positive energy coming their way during their low days too. Mars to mangal Mars - the fire energy, is the purest form of energy in the divine sources. This energy is balanced and converted by lord Shiva with new recreation and transformation as Mangal which is the most auspicious & positive form of all god of gods. Relation of Earth, person and mars: Every human is child of earth but earth’s first child is mars so via mars earth wants to transform a person to higher spiritual dimensions. mars is the power house of energy. when a person connects with mars by spiritual bonding, its energy works for him and his negative energy is shifted to the earth where mother earth absorbs all the malefic doshas and bad energy into herself via mars, so in this way the planet mars, the person and the earth are all connected spiritually. AshtaMangal Yantra increases person’s, place’s or object’s aura within a span of few minutes and corrects the vibrations and frequencies and heals and cures it. Why we need AshtaMangal: As we know that we are in last yug that is Kaliyuga, in this yug people has become more Selfish, Egoistic, and are easily influenced by the materialistic world and they get more and more driven into bad activities. Result of that is that they compete with bad health,

13 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW depression, stress and anxiety. AshtaMangal can only make them aware of their duties, give them a sense of their origin and the purpose behind their birth. it also helps in clearing all clutters of mind, body and soul,& stabilises an individual in health, wealth and fame. It provides them special powers and brings positivity from everywhere. So in today's era AshtaMangal is the one and only solution for all our problems and hence it is created for the benefit of mankind and the universe.

the surroundings. •

Creates a protective shield around harmful mobile, TV, radio, electromagnetic and ultraviolet radiations.

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Improves the mental and financial situation immediately by helping you make the right decisions in your life.

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Improves the fertility & sexual appeal of the person.

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The actual benefits of this Spiritual device are too many to begin with but after testing this Spiritual device on a group of subjects, we can explain a few of them as follows:

Boosts your immunity and protects you from viral and bacterial diseases, also easily healing fractures, resulting in an increase in your haemoglobin.

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Makes your relationships stronger by creating stronger bonding between you, your family & loved ones.

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Increases the cosmic energy & aura of the human body 1000 times.

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Increases and improves your overall way of life and thinking.

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Heals and repairs the body internally thus fulfilling deficiencies like vitamin deficiency, mineral deficiency & hormonal deficiency & also overcoming weaknesses.

Instructions and duties to follow:

Uses and Benefits of Ashtamangal Yantra

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Provides power to the internal spiritual organs of the body such as the mind, the chakras, and the soul. Savior from sudden harm and unoccasional death, making a person accident proof. Anti-ageing device keeping you in a constant state of bliss, thus spreading your aura and increasing your charm & magnetism. Boosts your confidence and gives you success in competitions, exams, sports etc and making you a winner in every field.

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Never lets you down, whatever is the situation. The possessor of the AshtaMangal Spiritual device remains far from stress & leads a life free of tensions & insomnia.

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Cleanses bad energy and corrects all planetary, bodily & Vastu Doshas from

When one becomes follower, believer or devotee of AshtaMangal they get some duties to fulfil towards society and nature which are as follows: •

Spreading love

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Respecting every mechanism of nature

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Being helpful towards everyone

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Avoiding lying to anyone

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Being unconditional & non-judgemental towards everybody

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Being honest and hard working

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Cleaning our surroundings

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Planting trees

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Taking responsibility of planet and every being on it

After following the above given duties one needs to surrender themselves to AshtaMangal by surrendering all their sorrows, miseries, desires everything, and not expecting anything from it in return. Everything will automatically fall in place and one will get what they deserve and much more. r

14 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW

Casting of Horoscope Charts - Unity in Diversity! By R. Subramanian

All over the world, the countries are generally so named as to follow the predominant language being spoken by their citizens. China, Russia, France, Germany, Spain, Saudi Arabia to name a few. In U.S.A and U.K. english is of course the common language. In other countries two or three languages may be in use.

understand the horoscope of his neighbour. Only after a period of considerable and systematic period of time he could learn and then offer predictions for the horoscope chart presented. Such constructing styles of horoscope casting are presented below for the benefit of the reader. I. Typical Tamilnadu Horoscope Pattern

Our motherland, India is indeed a classic example of unity in diversity, with so many languages being spoken and used in our country. In act, the different states or India are reorganised based on the predominant languages only. Besides tis language, different cultures, customs, eradiation's including food, clothing habits are also evident. In spite of these variations, our country, India is a shining example of a truly federal state in the modern world. This unity in diversity is also applicable and evident in Astrology. Let us proceed further to confirm the same. We all know that vedic astrology is indeed a natural science of astronomy (study of stars and planets in the zodiac). The Vedic astrology principles were evolved centuries ago by the wisdom and foresight of our great sags, seers like Parashara, Varahamihira etc. These fundamental principles of Vedic Astrology were passed on to the next generation verbatim and practiced even today all over the country. However a closer look at the horoscope casting pattern becomes necessary, as explained below. The author, a native of Chennai city in Tamilnadu practicising astrology, was confronted to study of particular horoscope of his next neighbour (Telugu Andhra native) manner, the author could not immediately

II. Typical Andhra Horoscope pattern

Note : In Chart -I the twelve houses from Aries

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RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW to Pisces are represented in the clockwise directions whereas in chart II (Andhra) the same twelve houses from Aries to Pisces are placed in Anti clock wise direction. For the planetary positions based on the exact date and time of birth, more care and time is necessary as above and also for predicting future events. The fundamental principles of Astrology remain the same to study a particular horoscope this time belonging a business man client in North Chennai (Delhi native). The Horoscope chart compiled was still different form the horoscope patterns of either Tamilnadu or Andhra Pradesh. Once again the author has to devote considerable time and energy to understand the horoscope pattern prevalent in north India, before predicting the future events.

to offer predictions. There is scope for further research study in this directions. r

III. Typical North Indian Horoscope Pattern

In chart III, the twelve houses are marked differently. Janma lagna and seventh house from Janma lagna are placed in the centre, directly opposite to one another. Though there is room for the placement of twelve houses from Aries to Pisces such placement shall vary from Individual to individual; whereas in chart I and chart II the house are fixed, though in the opposite direction. The duty of an astrologer is to cater to the needs of a client may be from Tamilnadu, Andhra or Delhi. Therefore one has to study and be familiar with various horoscope patterns available 16 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW

Foreign Travel and Travel Lines By D.K. Gupta

1. Certain lines on the mount of Moon also show such voyages or travel.

Travel Lines

2. Horizontal Lines/cross lines. Lines from the center of the Moon mount generally indicate travel or voyages. Such lines usually start from the percussion and run towards the interior of Palm. 3. Travel Lines emerging from life line indicates that the bearer will do do job or business in foreign land and will permanently settle there or spend most of his life in foreign land. Length of the line show the distance travelled and importance of trip. 4. If there is fork at the end of life line and one branch goes to Mount of lower Moon then the person will settle in foreign land., otherwise if the 2nd fork goes to Venus then will settle in his home land. 5. If the line start from Mount of lower moon and are going towards life line, indicates small travel, and if are meeting with Fate, sun, or life line then it gives big and beneficial travel.

9. If the line reaches Mount of Mercury, indicates success in business and sudden financial gains from travelling. 10. If this line goes to Mount of Sun, indicates it is good and give name and fame, money from travelling.

6. Life line starting from First line of Bracelet and going towards the Mount of Lower Moon indicates good travel.

11. If the line coming from Mount of lower Moon is going downward towards bracelets indicates unsuccessful travel.

7. If line reaches Mount of Jupiter then it indicates person will go for long travel and it would be good.

Left hand right hand which is to be seen or what is the difference in both. Though there are debates on which hand is better to be read. Both hands have their own importance and significance. Some are of the view that Right Hand is to be seen for Male and left hand for female. The correct approach is to

8. If the line reaches Mount of Saturn it indicates unfortunate incidents while travelling.

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RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW see the active hand whether it is for Male or Female. If ladies are working and using their right hand for work then right hand should be seen and given preference. However it is assumed that the Left hand shows Potential in an individual and the right hand showed realised personality. Some are of the view that the future is seen in the right hand and the past in the left hand. The left hand is the one we are born with and the right hand is what we have made of it. The left is what the Gods gave you and the right is what you do with it. The left hand is controlled by the right brain(pattern, recognition, relationship and understanding), reflects the inner person, the natural self, the anima and lateral thinking. The Right hand is controlled by the left brain (logic, reason and language) reflects the outer person, objective, self, influence of social environment, education and experience. In nutshell: Left Hand: Innate, natural bent, tendency, potential, plan and desire. Right Hand: Acquired, developed, realised, potential, progress and fulfilment. Now finally the choice of hand to read is ultimately upto the instinct and experience of the palmist. Regardless of which hand is the dominant, both hands show clearly defined stories and need to be read together for best results.

First of all it is to be checked whether a person who has left house is Dead or alive. For this his longevity is seen from the Sub sub lord of the Ascendant, 3rd house and 8th house. Moreover if the person is dead, the Dasha lord should appear as a co-ruling planets either in Ascendant or 8th house or Badhaka sthan. and also be significators of Marka Badhka and 8th house. If this not fulfilled may be presumed that the person is alive . As regards for any information will come or not. A person receives information if it is promised by 3rd cusps Sub sub lord and confirmed by 11th cusps sub-sub lord. If these combinations are linked with 3/9/11 houses. Then the information may be received as per the combinations to these houses of Dasha lords up to Prana Level and support of Transit including Sun and Moon. As regard when the child will join the family or come home. The Ascendant. 4th house and 11th house Sub-sub lord should be connectioned to 2/4 and sub lord with 11 houses. The Dasha lords up to prana level should be significators of 2,4, and 11 houses including Transit of Sun and Moon as well. The Dasha periods should be jointly linked with 2,4, and 11th houses.

Missing or Absconding Person , When Information Come and When will Come Home If a person or child if found missing or a person absconding from his house when will he come home. This type of query is generally seen from a Horary chart. A horary No. from 1 to 2193 can be obtain from his blood related person viz. parents, co-born siblings, wife or his children. After taking the No. rotate the chart as per the relationship of the lost person from the querist. Check the genuineness of the question whether the query is genuine from the Moon position either it is in Bhava chart or cuspal charts in 3,4,11th houses. 18 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW

Importance of Hindu Religion By R. Harishankar

make him to grow better. Doing meditation in front of god’s statue will definitely make him a better person in his life. It will remove all the negativity of thoughts and brings positive attitude in his life.

Hindu religion cultivates spiritual values and morale among fellow human beings. It is the religion which implements worship of idol as god and doing good to the living beings such as offering various danams to poor people such as annadanam,vastra danam,kanya danam,graha danam and vidya danam. Idol worship is practicable in hindu religion. This is due to implementing faith on the people by worshipping material object(IDOL/STATUES), and doing poojas to it. This is done only after injecting several mantras and giving power to the idol/ statues. A person can be easily satisfied only by worshipping an idol object(Statue) and perform various poojas and abhishekams and can put their burdens on to the divine statue by thinking that they will be relieved from their problems. Performing archanai and abhishekams to god’s statue will definitely heal a person and

Followers of Hinduism can visit the Mandir any time they please. Hindus can also worship at home, and many have a special shrine dedicated to certain gods and goddesses. The giving of offerings is an important part of Hindu worship. It's a common practice to present gifts, such as flowers or oils, to a god or goddess. Hinduism embraces many religious ideas. For this reason, it’s sometimes referred to as a “way of life” or a “family of religions,” as opposed to a single, organized religion. Hindus believe in the doctrines of samsara (the continuous cycle of life, death, and reincarnation) and karma (the universal law of cause and effect). One of the key thoughts of Hinduism is “atman,” or the belief in soul. This philosophy holds that living creatures have a soul, and they’re all part of the supreme soul. The goal is to achieve “moksha,” or salvation, which ends the cycle of rebirths to become part of the absolute soul. One fundamental principle of the religion is the idea that people’s actions and thoughts

19 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW directly determine their current life and future lives. Hindus strive to achieve dharma, which is a code of living that emphasizes good conduct and morality. The Om and Swastika are symbols of Hinduism. Hindus revere all living creatures and consider the cow a sacred animal. Food is an important part of life for Hindus. Most don’t eat beef or pork, and many are vegetarians. Hinduism is closely related to other Indian religions, including Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. Hinduism is unique compared to other religions for a varied number of reasons. Hinduism is noted as the world’s oldest existing religion, dated as far back as the 2nd millennium BCE. Hinduism is the world’s third largest religion. It has one billion adherents, which makes up 15 percent of the world’s population. The religion is an assembly of religious, philosophical and cultural ideas and practices that originated in the country of India. The Hinduism religion has a belief of reincarnation, meaning that after one dies they are reborn. A large belief of Hindu’s is that karma is a big influence on how positive, or negative, conditions are in an individual’s present life. When it comes to medication, Hindu patients may not be given medicine that has been derived from cows, pigs or other animals. Within Hinduism there is a broad spectrum of understandings about the nature of Brahman. Some Hindus believe that Brahman is infinite and formless, and can be worshipped as such, or in different forms. Other Hindus believe that the Divine is infinite and has a transcendental form. For example, some Vaishnavas believe that the one supreme form is Krishna, while Shaivites call this form Shiva. Because Hindus believe that Brahman

can take form, they accept that there are a variety of ways in which all human beings can connect with the Divine. This universal Divinity is worshipped in both male and female forms. The female form is known as devi, which is a manifestation of shakti (energy or creative force). Other forms combine male and female aspects together and some resemble animals, such as Ganesh or Hanuman. Each of these forms has a symbolic meaning. Hindus have long told stories about these various forms of the Divine to inspire devotion and instill ethical values. Hindus pray to different forms of Brahman as manifestations of particular divine qualities or powers. For example: Ganesh is honored by Hindus (as well as sometimes by followers of other Indian religions) as the remover of obstacles and honored for his great wisdom, and is often invoked before beginning any important task or project; Saraswati is the Goddess associated with learning and wisdom; Lakshmi is worshipped as the Goddess of Prosperity. God is believed to have the taken human form of Rama to show people how to live the path of Dharma. Krishna is said to have come to eradicate evil and protect good. Shiva is worshipped as the lord of time and change. Furthermore, the prominence of each of the aspects of the Divine varies depending on the lineage of the individual Hindu. Hindus represent the various forms of God in consecrated images called murti. A murti can be made of wood, stone, or metals (and sometimes can be naturally occurring, rather than fashioned by human hands). Murti offer a way to visualize and meditate upon Brahman, which due to its infinite nature is believed to be beyond the grasp of the human mind. Murti is often inaccurately translated as ‘idol’ but a more accurate translation is ‘embodiment’. Hindu families conduct their daily worship at home altars and also at temples on special occasions. Many Hindus consult gurus (recognized spiritual teachers and guides) for advice or answers to spiritual questions.

20 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW Hindus believe that the soul, atman, is eternal. When the physical body dies the soul is reborn in another body. This continuous cycle of life, death, and rebirth is called samsara. Rebirth is governed by karma: the principle that every action (be it physical or mental) has a result, like cause and effect. What an individual experiences in this life is the result of their past actions, either actions they have already taken in this life or actions from a past life. How an individual acts today impacts the future, both in terms of effects felt later on in this life or in a future birth. Though the effects of karma make certain actions easier or more difficult to take, just as our personal habits influence our lives, this is not a deterministic or fatalistic system. Rather, we all have the ability to freely choose how to act in any situation. Hindus believe we have four goals in life: Dharma (conducting ourselves in a way conducive to spiritual advancement), Artha (the pursuit of material prosperity), Kama (enjoyment of the material world), and Moksha (liberation from the attachments caused by dependence on the material world and from the cycle of birth and rebirth). Hindu scripture outline four primary paths to experience God’s presence and ultimately obtain the fourth goal, moksha. These paths are not mutually exclusive and can be pursued simultaneously depending on an individual’s inclination. These paths are: Karma Yoga (performing one’s duties selflessly), Bhakti Yoga(loving God through

devotion and service), Jnana Yoga (study and contemplating sacred texts), and Raja Yoga (physically preparing the body and mind to allow deep meditation and introspection, so as to overcome suffering caused by material attachments). Hinduism is a deeply pluralistic tradition, promoting respect for other religions and acknowledges the potential for truth in them. Hindus see the varieties of religions and philosophies as different ways to understand and relate to God. This philosophy leads to pluralism within Hinduism and outside of it. The core philosophy of Hinduism is the search for truth, not the specific path taken. A quote from the Vedas that summarizes the Hindu perspective is, “Truth is one; the wise call it by various names.” Hinduism is not an organized religion and has no single, systematic approach to teaching its value system. Nor do Hindus have a simple set of rules to follow like the Ten Commandments. Local, regional, caste, and community-driven practices influence the interpretation and practice of beliefs throughout the Hindu world. Yet a common thread among all these variations is belief in a Supreme Being and adherence to certain concepts such as Truth, dharma, and karma. And belief in the authority of the Vedas (sacred scriptures) serves, to a large extent, as the very definition of a Hindu, even though how the Vedas are interpreted may vary greatly. r

21 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW

Importance of Chanting Rama Mantra By R. Harishankar

in life. To respect our Parents, teachers and elders. The above things can be achieved by continuously by worshipping lord Rama and by chanting his name. Rama is Antaryami ( means - The one who knows everything) and who has many names. The highest authority of cosmic phenomena. The name of Rama is one of the most compelling and positive vibes in this cosmos. Chanting or reciting Ram Naam while meditating enhances the benefits of Meditation, phenomenally. Benefits of Chanting Ram Naam There are enormous benefits of Chanting Ram Naam. Chanting Ram Naam helps people to achieve mental satisfaction so that they can easily cross the Bhav Sagar (BIRTH AND DEATH). The power of Ram Naam Chanting gives tremendous joy to the human soul. Lord Rama is the one who is everywhere and in everyone but we cannot see him with our open eyes but we can see him with the continuous chanting of Rama Mantra. In human avatar lord Rama, gave a very good message to the whole humanity. Always do good Karma and follow the path of righteousness. To have compassion in our heart. Simplicity is the best policy.

Reciting and chanting the Ram Naam in the Meditation unites us with the Supreme sentience. Chanting Ram Naam makes us free from our destructive energy. It develops the constructive energy flow from us. Chanting Ram Naam gives us peace of mind and helps us to overcome the disorders like anxiety and Depression. Chanting Ram Naam creates a significant vibration on the human body which invokes the part of the subconscious mind by invoking sleeping nerves. It improves our decision-making abilities and makes us more creative. Ram Naam helps us to overcome bad behaviour and anger problems. The Frequent Chanting of Ram Naam makes us able to come out of penitential sentiments.

To make our mind strong to face anything 22 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL REVIEW Chanting Ram Naam act as an Ayurvedic medicine which heals our emotional pains and sorrows. It also heals us physically like improving our Blood circulation and enhancing our blood purification system. That is the power of Ram Naam that even a dying person can get his life easily back. One of the substantial benefits of Ram Naam Jaap is; it will set us towards the right direction on our life journey. It will grow the feeling of Compassion, trust, and faith with us which will help us to become a better human being, a better gentleman. There are several benefits of chanting Rama mantra-like, it gives us happiness which means perennial joy. It will improve our body metabolism and reduce catabolism or toxic elements from our body.

chant this mantra without much difficulty and chant several 100 times of mantra within a few minutes. According to Hindu Puranas and Epics, several ways are there to attain Salvation – That is attaining the glory of god. One such way is by chanting Rama Mantra. But the mantra must be chanted with pure bhakthi and entire devotion on god. Just by simply chanting Rama Mantra without devotion, will not make any difference in a person’s life. Hence It must be concluded that one of the simplest ways to reach heaven is by chanting Rama mantra continuously in their life time. r

Lord Hanuman is one of the greatest devotees of Lord Rama. There are many extraordinary childhood stories associated with Hanuman Ji . Once he stated that just by reciting or chanting the Ram Naam he get's the cosmic energy. It makes sense why Lord Hanuman was incredibly so Strong? Maruti reverence for Lord Rama gave him such an unrestricted strength. The strength which helped him to displace mount Dronagiri from the Himalayas to Sri Lanka. ( The remaining part of the mount is known as Dunagiri and located at northern Indian state of Uttarakhand). Another incidence is Sambadhi an eagle, and also the brother of JATAYU, has regained its destroyed feather’s just by chanting Ram Naam for three times. Reciting and Chanting Ram Naam is The easiest way to purify our Soul and Karma. By chanting rama mantra for several lakhs of times will make us to reach the upper world’s in heaven. Anyone who chants continuously rama mantra during his entire life time, will never take rebirth and will finally be merged with Lord Vishnu in Vaikunta. Several positive factors are there by chanting Rama Mantra. Chanting Rama Mantra is very easy and simple one. Anybody can 23 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k

tUedqaMyh }kjk f'k'kq dky fuèkkZj.k dqaMyh 1 % 6 vizSy 1981] 3-15] eqacbZ yXu dqaMyh 11 12 lw-ea-cq'kq- 1 pa2 3

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tkfrdk dk tUe edj yXu vkSj es"k jkf'k esa gqvk gSA bl yXu ds tkrd vkSj tkfrdk esgurh] larks"kh] mxz LoHkko] prqj] /keZ ds izfr vkpj.k djus okyk] euekSth] vkRefuHkZj] cqf)eku] bZekunkj gksrs gSaA tkfrdk esa ;g lHkh xq.k fo|eku gksaxAs tkfrdk dk panzek prqFkZ LFkku esa gksus ds dkj.k tkfrdk dks Hkwfe] Hkou] okgu ds vPNh ;ksx cusaxAs larku ;ksx tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iape Hkko esa i`Foh rRo jkf'k gS iapes'k 'kqØ r`rh; Hkko esa uSlfxZd larku dk dkjd xq# dh jkf'k esa uoes'k ls ;qDr gksdj uoe Hkko dks n`"V dj jgk gSA uoes'k cq/k uhp jkf'k esa r`rh; Hkko ls dkjd xzg vkSj yXus'k dks ns[k jgk gSA panzek fe= jkf'k es"k esa prqFkZ esa fnXcyh gSA panz's k eaxy iapes'k 'kqØ uoes'k cq/k ls ;qDr gS vkSj yXus'k 'kfu rFkk dkjd xq# ls n`f"V laca/k esa gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa yXus'k] iapes'k] panz's k dkjd xq#] uoes'k lHkh dk vkil esa laca/k LFkkfir gks jgk gSA vr% tkfrdk dks larku ds izcy ;ksx cu jgs gSaA

egkn'kk varnZ'kk vkSj izR;arj n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k

tkfrdk dh izFke larku ds le; 'kqØ egkn'kk esa dsrq dh varnZ'kk rFkk jkgq dh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA 'kqØ iapes'k gS r`rh; Hkko ls uoe Hkko dks n`"V fd;k gSA dsrq vkSj jkgq dk vkil esa n`f"V laca/k gSA bl izdkj n'kk ds le; yXu] iape] r`rh; Hkko lfØ; gq,A lIreka'k dqaMyh esa iapes'k xq# 'kqØ dh jkf'k esa lIreLFk gksdj yXu dks n`"V dj jgk gS] dsrq iape n`f"V ls 'kqØ dks n`"V dj jgk gS] jkgq uoe n`f"V ls f}rh; Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA bl izdkj 'kqØ] jkgq] dsrq dh n'kk larku iznku djus esa l{ke jghA xkspj izFke larku tkfrdk dks vDVwcj 2003 esa izkIr gqbZ] ml le; 'kfu xkspjo'k feFkqu jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks tkfrdk dh yXu dqaMyh dk NBk Hkko gS rFkk cq/k dh jkf'k gS tks fd uoes'k gksdj iapes'k ls ;qr gSA 'kfu us rhljh n`f"V ls v"Ve lkroha n`f"V ls }kn'k rFkk nloha n`f"V ls f}rh; Hkko dks Hkh lfØ; fd;kA uoe Hkko esa xq# vkSj tUedkyhu 'kfu dks n`"V fd;kA ml le; c`gLifr flag jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd yXu ls v"Ve gSA mlus iape ls }kn'k Hkko lIre ls f}rh; Hkko uoe n`f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko esa cSBs panzek dks n`"V fd;kA nksuksa xzg 'kfu vkSj xq# us f}rh; Hkko dks ,d lkFk n`"V fd;k] ftlls og lfØ; gq,A 'kfu us uoe Hkko dks lfØ; fd;k] panzek ml le; o`f'pd jkf'k esa xkspj dj jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk ,dkn'k Hkko gSA eaxy ml le; xkspjo'k dqaHk jkf'k esa FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk dqVqac Hkko gSA eaxy pkSFkh n`f"V ls iape Hkko dks] lIre n`f"V ls v"Ve Hkko dks rFkk v"Ve n`f"V ls uoe Hkko dks n`"V dj jgk Fkk bl idkj tkfrdk ds izFke larku ds le; n'kk varnZ'kk izR;arj n'kk ds vkSj xkspj ds lHkh fu;e ykxw gks jgs FksA

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RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k nwljh larku f}rh; larku ds tUe ds le; tkfrdk ij lw;Z egkn'kk izHkkoh Fkh rFkk varnZ'kk vkSj izR;arj n'kk dsrq dh py jgh FkhA lw;Z dkjd xq# dh jkf'k esa iapes'k vkSj uoes'k cq/k ds lkFk ;qfr laca/k esa gSA lIre n`f"V ls yus'k vkSj dk;sZ'k dks ns[k jgk gSA 'kfu yXus'k dk;sZ'k ds lkFk uoe Hkko esa ;qfr esa gSA yXus'k 'kfu dqVqac Hkko dk Hkh Lokeh gS] uoe Hkko esa cSBdj ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA r`rh; Hkko vkSj NBs Hkko dks Hkh ns[k jgk gSA panzek ls 'kfu ikaposa Hkko esa gSA lw;Z tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa v"Ve dk Lokeh gSA dsrq yXu esa fLFkr gksdj iape Hkko dks rFkk lIre vkSj uoe dks ns[k jgk gSA n'kk] varnZ'kk vkSj izR;arj n'kk rhuksa dk laca/k larku dkjd xq# vkSj iape iapes'k ls cu jgk gSA bl izdkj yXu] yXus'k] uoe Hkko] iape Hkko] ,dkn'k vkSj dqVqac Hkko lfØ; gqvk FkkA vr% bu xzgksa dh n'kk esa tkfrdk dks larku dh izkfIr gqbZA egkn'kkukFk lw;Z Fkk tks fd v"Ve dk Lokeh gS vkSj varnZ'kkukFk 'kfu yXus'k gS tkfrdk dks ml le; v"Ve dh n'kk pyh tks fd d"Vizn jgh ftlls larku ds le; dqN 'kkjhfjd d"V gq,A dqaMyh 2 % 21 tuojh 1981] 10-00] y[kuÅ yXu dqaMyh 2

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tkfrdk dk tUe ehu yXu ddZ jkf'k esa gqvk gSA ehu yXu ds Lokeh c`gLifr gSA c`gLifr nsorkvksa ds xq# gSaA blesa tUe ysus okys tkrd fo}ku] cqf)eku] /kkfeZd izo`fÙk okys] n;kyq] bZekunkj] de vkRe fo'oklh] ckrphr djus dh dyk esa fuiq.k gksrs gSaA tkfrdk esa ;g lkjs xq.k mtkxj gksaxAs larku ;ksx iape Hkko esa ty rRo ¼ddZ jkf'k½ gS vkSj iapes'k dk vius gh iape Hkko esa cSBuk yXus'k c`gLifr tks fd larku dkjd xzg Hkh gS dk lIreLr gksdj yxuk] dks n`"V djuk tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa izcy larku ;ksx cukrk gSA uoes'k

eaxy vkSj iape ds chp n`f"V laca/k LFkkfir gks jgk gSA uos'k eaxy c`gLifr ls iape Hkko esa cSBk gS] c`gLifr ns[k jgk gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa yXu] yXus'k] iape] iapes'k] uoe] uoes'k dh fLFkfr cgqr vPNh gSA vr% larku gksus ds ;ksx vfr mÙke gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa Hkh larku gksus ds mÙke ;ksxksa dk fuekZ.k gks jgk gSA iapes'k 'kfu uSlfxZd larku dkjd xq# ds lkFk HkkX; Hkko esa ;qfr laca/k esa gSA lIreka'k dk yXus'k 'kqØ lIreLr gksdj yXu dks n`"V dj jgk gSA n'kk&vUrnZ'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k izFke larku izFke larku dk tUe vDVwcj 2007 esa gqvk] ml le; tkfrdk ij 'kqØ egkn'kk izHkkoh Fkh rFkk varnZ'kk ,oa izR;arj n'kk panek vkSj jkgq dh FkhA tkfrdk ehu yXu dh gS] egkn'kk ukFk 'kqØ r`rh;s'k vkSj v"Ves'k gksdj n'ke Hkko esa c`gLifr dh jkf'k /kuq esa fLFkr gS] tks fd larku dkjd gSA varnZ'kk ukFk Lo;a ispes'k panzek gS tks viuh Lojkf'k esa iapeLr gSA izR;arj n'kk ukFk jkgq Hkh iapeLr gksdj iapes'k panek dh rjg gh Qynk;d gSA vr% bl n'kk esa iapeh bl iwjh rjg ls lfØ; FkkA egkn'kk ukFk 'kqØ dks varnZ'kk ukFk panzek vkSj izR;arj n'kk ukFk jkgq dk la;ksx feykA bl n'kk esa tkfrdk dks iq=h jRu dh izkfIr gqbZA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa ns[ksa rks 'kqØ yXus'k gS vkSj panzek ,oa jkgq ds Hkko dk vf/kifr Hkh gSA rhuksa 'kqØ egkn'kk Lokeh] panz varnZ'kk Lokeh vkSj jkgq izR;arj n'kk Lokeh dk laca/k cu jgk gSA c`gLifr yXu dks iape n`f"V ls n`"V dj jgk gSA bl izdkj ;g n'kk larku nsus esa vuqdwy lkfcr gqbZA xkspj 06-08-2007 dks 'kfu xkspjo'k flag jkf'k esa Fkk tks yXu ls "k"B Hkko esa gSA panzek ls f}rh; Hkko esa Fkk 'kfu dh rhljh n`f"V v"Ve lIre n`f"V }kn'k vkSj n'ke n`f"V r`rh; Hkko ij Fkh mlh le; c`gLifr o`f'pd jkf'k esa xkspj dj jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk uoe Hkko gSA panzek ls c`gLifr dk xkspj iape Hkko esa Fkk c`gLifr us uoe ls yXu dks n`"V fd;k lIre ls r`rh; Hkko dks n`"V fd;k ftldks ml le; 'kfu Hkh viuh nloha n`f"V ls n`'V dj jgk FkkA c`gLir us iape dks viuh uoe n`f"V ls n`f"V nh panzek dk xkspj ml le; ddZ jkf'k iape Hkko esa kgs jgk FkkA eaxy dk xkspj feFkqu jkf'k tkfrdk ds LoHkko esa Fkk

25 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k vkSj vkBoha n`f"V l ,dkn'k Hkko dks n`"V djds lfØ; dj jgk FkkA eaxy tkfrdk dk uoes'k Hkh gSA bl izdkj xkspj esa iape Hkko] uoe Hkko] ,dkn'k yXu r`rh; lfØ; gq, vkSj tkfrdk dks larku dh izkfIr gqbZA fu;eksa ij bl izdkj ml le; lVhd xkspj jgkA f}rh; larku 17-06-2013 dks tkfrdk dks nwljh larku gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk ij egkn'kk 'kqØ varnZ'kk xq# vkSj izR;arj n'kk dsrq dh py jgh FkhA 'kqØ /kuq jkf'k esa n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gSA varnZ'kk ukFk larku dkjd c`gLifr gS tks fd yXus'k gS tkfrdk dks yXus'k dh n'kk pyhA c`gLifr dh iape n`f"V ,dkn'k Hkko ij gS tgka ij izR;arj n'kkukFk dsrq fLFkr gSA lIre ls c`gLifr yXu dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj r`rh; Hkko dks Hkh viuh uoe n`f"V ls n`"V dj jgk gSA dsrq dh lIre n`f"V iape Hkko ij gS tgka iapes'k fLFkr gSA dsrq uoe n`f"V ls xq# vkSj iape n`f"V ls f}rh; Hkko ls laca/k cuk, gq, gSaA bl izdkj bu n'kkksa us yXu] iape] lIre] ,dkn'k vkSj r`rh; Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA lIreka'k esa egkn'kk Lokeh 'kqØ lIreLFk gksdj yXu dks n`f"V ns jgs gSaA c`gLifr uoe esa fLFkr gksdj yXu dks n"V dj jgk gSA dsrq dqVqac Hkko esa HkkX;s'k cq/k ds lkFk ;qr gSa xq# vkSj dsrq esa vkiil esa n`f"V laca/k LFkkfir gks jgk gS lIreka'k esa 'kqØ us yXu dks lIre dks lfØ; fd;k fd dsrq us f}rh; Hkko vkSj dkjd tks fd varnZ'kk ukFk gSA xq# us yXu Hkko] dqVqac Hkko] iape Hkko vkSj uoe Hkko dks tkx`r fd;kA bl izdkj tkfrdk dh lIreka'k dqaMyh esa Hkh n'kk,a larku tUe ds le; vuqdwy fl) gqbZA xkspj tkfrdk dh nwljh larku ds le; xkspj esa c`gLifr feFkqu jkf'k tk fd tkfrdk dk prqFkZ Hkko gS esa xkspj dj jgk Fkk ml le; 'kfu oØh gksdj rqyk jkf'k esa xkspj dj jgk Fkk xq# u prqFkZ] v"Ve] n'ke] }kn'k Hkko dks viuh n`f"V ls n`"V fd;k og 'kfu us ,d Hkkx ihNs dU;k jkf'k ls uoe Hkko dks rhljh n`f"V l yXu dks lIre n`f"V ls prqFkZ dks nloha n`f"V ls n`"V fd;kA xkspj esa eaxy us r`rh; uoe n'ke dks o`"kHk jkf'k esa xkspjo'k gksdj n`"V fd;kA xkspj esa panzek dU;k jkf'k esa Fkk mlus Hkh yXu dks n`f"V nhA bl izdkj tkfrdk dh dqaMyh ds yXu Hkko] lIre Hkko] prqFkZ Hkko] r`rh; Hkko] uoe Hkko lfØ; gqvkA tkfrdk dks f}

rh; larku izkfIr esa xkspj us lkFk fn;kA dqaMyh 3 % 3 tuojh 1980] 5-21] lokbZ ek/kksiqj] jktLFkku yXu dqaMyh lw-cq10 9 'kq11 ds12

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tkfrdk o`f'pd yXu feFkqu jkf'k dh gSA tkfrdk fuMj] rkuk'kkgh] Li"V cksyus okyh] cqf)eku] lkglh] ifjJeh] lgu'khy] dyk ize s h] ukSdjhis'kk] vkRefo'oklh gksxhA larku ;ksx iape esa ty rRo jkf'k gS tks fd n'ke Hkko esa viuh fe= jkf'k esa yXus'k eaxy ds lkFk cSBk gSA yXus'k eaxy dh fLFkfr dqaMyh esa vPNh gSA yXus'k pkSFkh n`f"V ls yXu dks ns[k jgk gSA lkroha ls lq[k Hkko vkSj vkBoha n`f"V ls iape dks ns[k jgk gSA xq# iape n`f"V ls dqVqac Hkko dks lIre ls lq[k Hkko dks vkSj uoe n`f"V ls lIre Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iapes'k dh fLFkfr gksus ds dkj.k tkfrdk dks larku izkfIr ds ;ksx gSA n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k tkfrdk dks larku ds tUe ds le; 22 tqykbZ 2007 esa 'kfu egkn'kk esa xq# dh varnZ'kk vkSj eaxy dh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA xq# tkfrdk dk iapes'k gSA eaxy yXus'k gS tks xq# ds lkFk ;qfr laca/k cukdj n'ke Hkko esa cSBk gSA egkn'kkukFk 'kfu ,dkn'k Hkko esa cSBdj yXu iape Hkko vkSj v"Ve Hkko dks 3]7]10 n`f"V ls n`"V dj jgk gSA xq# n'ke esa cSBdj iape n`f"V ls dqVqac Hkko lIre n`f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko vkSj uoe n`f"V ls "k"B Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA izR;arj n'kk ukFk eaxy pkSFkh n`f"V ls yXu dks ns[k jgk gS lIre n`f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks vkSj vkBoha n`f"V ls iape Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA bl izdkj egkn'kk] varnZ'kk] izR;arj n'kk us 1] 2] 4] 5] 6] 9] 10] 11 Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;k gqvk FkkA tkfrdk dks vkWijs'ku ds }kjk iq=h dh izkfIr gqbZA lIreka'k esa xq# f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj LoLFk esa cSBs 'kfu dks ns[k jgk gS tks fd lIreka'k dks iapes'k gS vkSj egkn'kk ukFk Hkh gSA izR;arjn'kk ukFk eaxy Hkh 'kfu

26 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k dks eaxy pkSFkh n`f"V ls ns[k jgk gSA bl rjg lIreka'k esa egkn'kk ukFk varnZ'kkukFk vkSj izR;arj n'kk ukFk dk laca/k cu jgk gSA eaxy lIre n`f"V ls uoe dks ns[k jgk gSA eaxy vkSj xq# dk jkf'k ifjorZu gks jgk gSA tkfrdk dks vkWijs'ku ds i'pkr gh cPps gksus dk ;ksx bu n'kkvksa esa cukA xkspj 22-07-2007 esa 'kfu dk xkspj flag jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk n'ke Hkko gS ogka ls 'kfu viuh rhljh n`f"V ls }kn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk] lkroha n`f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk] nloha n`f"V ls lIre Hkko kds ns[k jgk FkkA bl izdkj xkspj esa 'kfu us 12]4]7 dks lfØ; fd;k gqvk FkkA xq# ml le; o`f'pd jkf'k esa xkspj dj jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk yXu Hkko gS ogka ls og iape dks ns[k jgk Fkk lIre dks lIre n`f"V ls vkSj uoe n`f"V ls uoe dks ns[k jgk FkkA bl izdkj xq# us iape Hkko lIre Hkko vkSj uoe Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA xkspj esa panzek rqyk jkf'k esa Fkk tkfrdk kds vLirky ds pDdj yxkus iM+As eaxy Hkh flag jkf'k esa 'kfu ds lkFk xkspj dj jgk FkkA yXu dks ns[k jgk Fkk] iape dks ns[k jgk Fkk] eaxy us iape dks lfØ; fd;k FkkA bl rjg xkspj us Hkh larku ikfIr esa lg;ksx iznku fd;kA dqaMyh 4 % 21 flracj 1979] 00-17] fljksgh] jktLFkku yXu dqaMyh ea5 4 pa-xq-'k jk- 6 lw-cq-'kq7

lIreka'k dqaMyh

2 3

xq6

11 ds-

9 10 ea-'k-

8 jk-

12 9

11 pa-

2 cq-'kq-ds1 12 lw-

tkfrdk dk tUe feFkqu yXu flag jkf'k esa gqvk gSA tkfrdk lkglh] cqf)eku] Li"Voknh] /kS;Z'khy] lgu'khy] iBu&ikBu esa #fp] n;kyq] {kek'khy] 'kkar LoHkko dh gksxhA larku ;ksx

esa prqFkZ Hkko esa fLFkr gSA c`gLifr tks fd larku dk dkjd xzg gS og rhljs Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj lIre Hkko dks iape n`f"V rFkk lIre n`f"V ls uoe Hkko vkSj uoe n`f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA uoes'k 'kfu iapes'k 'kqØ ds u{k= esa gS vkSj dkjd c`gLifr d lkFk r`rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gSA tkfrdk dks larku izkfIr ds ;ksx cu jgs gSa D;ksafd HkkX;s'k vkSj dkjd c`gLifr rFkk 'kqØ cq/k iapes'k vkSj yXus'k dh mpp jkf'k esa ;qfr laca/k esa gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa c`gLifr iapes'k gksdj dqVqac Hkko esa fLFkr gSA c`gLifr viuh ikapoha n`f"V ls "k"B Hkko esa fLfkr HkkX;s'k eaxy dks ns[k jgk gSA c`gLifr us lIre n`f"V ls v"Ve esa Lo;a dh ehu jkf'k esa fLFkr yXus'k lw;Z dks ns[k jgk gSA iapes'k vkSj yXus'k dk vkil esa n`f"V laca/k gSA HkkX;s'k eaxy HkkX; LFkku dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj yXu Hkko dks Hkh ns[k jgk gSA bl izdkj iapes'k] HkkX;s'k] yXus'k vkil esa laca/k cuk jgs gSa larku ;ksx cu jgk gSA n'kk&varnZ'kk ds }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k igyh larku tkfrdk dks igyh larku 21-06-2001 esa izkIr gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks eaxy dh egkn'kk esa iapes'k 'kqØ dh varnZ'kk rFkk HkkX;s'k 'kfu dh izR;arj n'kk py jgh gSA eaxy "k"Bs'k vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko dk Lokeh gksdj dqVqac Hkko esa cSBk gSA prqFkZ n`f"V ls iape Hkko dks vkSj v"Ve n`f"V l uoe Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA eaxy egkn'kk ds nkSjku dqVqac Hkko] iape dks lfØ; dj jgk gSA 'kfu HkkX;s'k gS mlus HkkX; LFkku ,d vkn'kZ r`rh; vkSj "k"B Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA bl izdkj tkfrdk dks bu egkn'kk] varnZ'kk vkSj izR;arj n'kk ds nkSjku larku dh izkfIr gqbZA xkspj xkspj esa ml le; c`gLifr feFkqu jkf'k esa xkspj dj jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk yXu gS ogka ls iape Hkko] lIre Hkko vkSj uoe Hkko dks n`f"V nsdj lfØ; dj jgk FkkA 'kfu o`"kHk jkf'k esa xkspj dj jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk }kn'k Hkko gSA ogka ls rhljh n`f"V ls dqVqac Hkko lIre n`f"V ls "k"B Hkko n'ke n`f"V ls uoe Hkko dks lfØ; dj jgk FkkA bl izdkj xkspj esa xq# vkSj 'kfu us 1]2]5]6]7]9 Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA larku izkfIr esa xkspj us Hkh ml le; lg;ksx fn;kA

tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iape Hkko esa ok;q rRo jkf'k gSA iapes'k 'kqØ yXus'k ds lkFk yXus'k dh ewy f=dks.k jkf'k 27 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k f}rh; larku f}rh; larku dh izkfIr ds le; tkfrdk dks jkgq dh egkn'kk xq# dh varnZ'kk lw;Z dh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA tkfrdk dks 22-12-2006 esa nwljh larku dh izkfIr gqbZA jkgq tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa r`rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj iape n`f"V ls lIre Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA lIre n`f"V ls uoe Hkko dks vkSj uoe n`f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA xq# larku dk uSlfxZd dkjd gksdj jkgq ds lkFk r`rh; Hkko esa ;qfr esa gS og Hkh lIre] uoe vkSj ,dkn'k dks ns[k jgk gSA izR;arj n'kk ukFk lw;Z prqFkZ Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj n'ke dks n`f"V ns jgk gSA bl izdkj jkgq] xq#] lw;Z us tkfrdk ds lIre] uoe] ,dkn'k] n'ke Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA bl n'kkvksa esa tkfrdk dks nwljh larku iq=h jRu dh izkfIr gqbZA xkspj 22-12-2006 esa xq# dk xkspj o`f'pd jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk "k"B Hkko gSA ogka ls xq# n'ke dks iape n`f"V ls ns[k jgk Fkk] }kn'k dks lIre n`f"V ls ns[k jgk Fkk] uoe n`f"V ls dqVqac Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA xq# us 2]6]10]12 Hkko dks lfØ; fd;k gqvk FkkA tkfrdk dks ml le; LokLF; laca/kh ijs'kkfu;ka gqbZ vkSj mldks gkWfLiVy esa HkrhZ gksuk iM+kA tkfrdk dks dbZ ckj le;&le; ij vLirky Hkh tkuk iM+kA 'kfu ml le; flag jkf'k ij py jgk FkkA tkfrdk dh Lo;a dh jkf'k flag gS tkfrdk dks lk<+l s krh py jgh FkhA 'kfu tkfrdk dh dqaMyh ds rhljs Hkko esa xkspj dj jgk FkkA ogka ls og iape Hkko dks rhljh n`f"V ls lfØ; dj jgk FkkA lIre n`f"V ls vius gh Hkko uoe dks ns[k jgk FkkA vr% og Hkko Hkh lfØ; gqvkA 'kfu vkSj xq# us xkspj esa 2]3]5]6]10]12 Hkko vkSj uoe Hkko dks lfØ; fd;k FkkA bl izdkj xkspj us tkfrdk dks nwljh larku izkfIr esa lg;ksx fn;kA rhljh larku tkfrdk dks 22-04-2016 esa r`rh; larku dh izkfIr gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks jkgq dh egkn'kk esa 'kqØ dh varnZ'kk vkSj 'kfu dh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA jkgq 'kfu ds lkFk ;qfr esa r`rh; LFkku esa gSA ogka ls nksuksa xzg uoe dks n`"V dj jgs gSaA jkgq iape n`f"V ls lIre dks vkSj 'kfu r`rh; n`f"V ls iape dks n`f"V ns jgk gSA n'ke n`f"V ls 'kfu 12osa Hkko dks n`"V dj jgk gSA 'kqØ iapes'k gS] iape vkSj prqFkZ

lfØ; gq,] n'ke Hkh lfØ; gqvk] 'kqØ prqFkZ Hkko esa fLFkr gS lIre n`f"V ls n'ke Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA bu n'kkvksa esa Hkh uoe] iape] r`rh; Hkko tkx`r gq,A vr% n'kkvksa us r`rh; larku dh izkfIr dh LohÑfr nhA xkspj ml le; xkspj esa xq# flag jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk r`rh; Hkko gS ogka ls lIre dks vkSj uoe dks ns[k jgk FkkA 'kfu o`f'pd jkf'k esa xkspj dj jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk "k"B Hkko gSA ogka ls 'kfu us rhljh n`f"V ls v"Ve Hkko lIre n`f"V ls 12oha Hkkx vkSj nloha n`f"V ls r`rh; Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA panzek xkspj esa rqyk jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk iape Hkko gSA panzek us iape Hkko dks vkSj lIre n`f"V nsdj ,dkn'k Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA eaxy o`f'pd jkf'k esa xkspj dj jgk Fkk tks fd dqaMyh dk "k"B Hkko gS ogka ls uoe dks pkSFkh n`f"V ls ns[kdj lfØ; fd;k vkSj vkBoha n`f"V ls yXu dks ns[k jgk Fkk vr% yXu Hkh lfØ; gqvkA bl izdkj xkspj esa 3]5]8]9]11]12 Hkko lfØ; gq,A tkfrdk dks rhljh larku dh izkfIr gqbZA dqaMyh 5 % 12 flracj 1976] 1-40] ubZ fnYyh yXu dqaMyh 'k5 4 lw6 ea-cq-'kq7 jk-

lIreka'k dqaMyh

xq2 12

9 8

1 pa-ds

lw10 11 12

9 xq-jk-

1 pa

3 cq-ds

2 'k-

7 6 5

4 ea-'kq-

tkfrdk dk tUe feFkqu yXu es"k jkf'k esa gqvk gSA feFkqu cq/k dh Lojkf'k gS rFkk cq/k cqf) vkSj ok.kh dk dkjd gS vr% tkfrdk cqf)eku] okdiVq] ijkØeh] n;kyq] ys[kd] xf.krK] laxhrdkj] prqj gksxhA larku ;ksx iape Hkko esa ok;q rRo rqyk jkf'k gS iapes'k 'kqØ prqFkZ Hkko esa uhp gksdj yXus'k cq/k vkSj ,dkn'ks'k eaxy ds lkFk ;qfr laca/k esa fLFkr gSA iape Hkko esa jkgq fLFkr gS tks fd panz ls n`"V gSA iapes'k 'kqØ ds lkFk yXus'k cq/k viuh ewy f=dks.k jkf'k esa gksus ds dkj.k 'kqØ dk uhp Hkax gks x;k gSA

28 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k yXus'k cq/k viuh ewy f=dks.k jkf'k esa prqFkZ esa vPNh fLFkfr esa gSA dkjd c`gLifr iapeh yXus'k vkSj eaxy dks n`"V dj jgk gSA xq# ls iape Hkko dh fLFkfr vPNh gSA panz ,dkn'k Hkko esa vius fe= eaxy dh jkf'k esa fLFkr gSA iape Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA yXu&yXus'k iapeh panz dh fLFkfr dqaMyh esa vPNh gS vr% tkfrdk dks larku ds ;ksx gSA uoes'k 'kfu dh fLFkfr f}rh; Hkko esa vPNh gSA f} rh; Hkko ls 'kfu uoe dks n`"V dj jgk gSA iki xzg eaxy tks fd ,dkn'ks'k gS vkSj yXus'k dk 'k=q gSA yXus'k vkSj iapes'k ls ;qfr esa gSA fu;ekuqlkj iapes'k uhpLFk rFkk f=d LFkku esa vFkok iapes'k dh iki xzgksa ls ;qfr gks rks ,slh efgyk dkd ca/;k gksrh gSA ;g fu;e tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa ykxw gksrk gS tkfrdk dks dk ca/;k ;ksx gSA iape esa ok;q rRo jkf'k gS tks fd iq#"k jkf'k Hkh gS tkfrdk dks vYi larfr dk ;ksx Hkh gSA tkfrdk dks ,d iq= larku dk lq[k izkIr gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa iapes'k eaxy v"Ve esa gS tks fd 'kfu ls n`"V gSA vr% lIreka'k esa Hkh tkfrdk dks dkd ca/;k ;ksx u jgk gSA uSlfxZd dkjd xq# yXu esa fLFkr gksdj iape Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA xq# dh uoe n`f"V uoe Hkko ij Hkh gSA tkfrdk dks lIreka'k dqaMyh esa Hkh larku ;ksx gS ijarq dkd ca/;k ;ksx ds dkj.k igyh larku ds mijkar xHkZ/kkj.k ugha dj ldhA larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k n'kk&varnZ'kk tkfrdk ij larku ds le; lw;Z dh egkn'kk izHkkoh Fkh rFkk varnZ'kk jkgq dh py jgh FkhA lw;Z 'kqØ ds u{k= iwokZQkYxquh esa fLFkr gS tks fd iapes'k gS lw;Z uoe dks n`"V dj jgk gSA uoes'k 'kfu dqVqac Hkko esa vPNk gSA lIreka'k esa ns[ksa rks uSlfxZd dkjd xq# tks fd lIreka'k dk yXus'k gS jkgq ls ;qfr esa gSA lw;Z dk laca/k Hkh lIreka'k dqVqac Hkko ls cu jgk gSA bl izdkj og n'kk ds vuqdwy gSA bl n'kk&varnZ'kk esa tkfrdk dks iq= jRu dh izkfIr gqbZA xkspj vxLr 2004 dks xkspj esa 'kfu feFkqu jkf'k esa rFkk c`gLifr flag jkf'k esa xkspj dj jgk FkkA 'kfu tkfrdk ds yXu ls iapes'k 'kqØ dks n`"V dj jgk Fkk xq# rhljs Hkko ls viuh lIre n`f"V ls uoe dks rFkk uoe n`f"V ls ,dkn'k dks n`f"V ns jgk FkkA bl izdkj xkspj ds le; yXu Hkko] uoe Hkko vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko vkSj iapes'k 'kfu ls n`"V gksus ls lfØ; FksA bl izdkj mi;qDr n'kk&varnZ'kk ,oa xkspj

ds fl)karksa ds vuqdwy FksA dqaMyh 6 % 8 tuojh 1984] 12-20] ubZ fnYyh yXu dqaMyh 2 jk-

1 12 3

6 5

pa11

lIreka'k dqaMyh 10

9 lw-cq-xq8 'kq7 dsea-'k-

1 2 lw- 3 pa4 5 'kq-

12 jk6 ds-

'k11

10 cq-

9 xq 7

8 ea-

tkfrdk dk ehu yXu vkSj dqaHk jkf'k esa tUe gqvk gSA tkfrdk bZekunkj] bZ'oj HkDr] /kkfeZd] n;kyq] {kek'khy] fo}ku] de cksyus okyh gksxhA larku ;ksx tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iape Hkko esa ty rRo jkf'k gSA iapes'k }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gS tks fd HkkX;s'k eaxy ls iape esa fLFkr gSA larku dkjd xq# dh fLFkfr dqaMyh esa vPNh gS og Lojkf'k esa n'ke esa fLFkr gksdj iape n`f"V ls dqVqac Hkko dks] prqFkZ Hkko dks vkSj "k"B Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA HkkX;s'k eaxy v"Ve esa fLFkr gS vr% tkfrdk dks vkWijs'ku ls larku gksus dk ;ksx cu jgk gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa iapes'k panzek dkjd c`gLifr ls n`"V gks jgk gS HkkX;s'k eaxy Lojkf'k esa fLFkr gSA xq# yXus'k Hkh gS n'ke esa viuh Lojkf'k esa fLFkr gSA bl izdkj tkfrdk dks lIreka'k dqaMyh esa larku izkfIr ds izcy ;ksx mtkxj gks jgs gSaA n'kk&varnZ'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k tkfrdk dks larku ds tUe ds le; 'kfu dh egkn'kk esa jkgq dh varnZ'kk vkSj 'kfu dh gh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA 'kfu ,dkn'k Hkko vkSj }kn'k Hkko dk Lokeh gS v"Ve esa cSBk gSA iapes'k 'kfu dh ewyf=dks.k jkf'k esa }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gSA 'kfu v"Ve ls n'ke dks tgka dkjd xq# gS og n`"V dj jgk gS lIre n`f"V ls dqVqac Hkko dks vkSj n'ke n`f"V ls larku Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA varnZ'kk ukFk jkgq r`rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj lIre] uoe vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA bl izdkj 'kfu jkgq dh egkn'kk varnZ'kk vkSj

29 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k izR;arj n'kk larku iznku djus esa vuqdwy lkfcr gqbZ gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa 'kfu viuh ewyf=dks.k }kn'k Hkko esa gS ogka ls r`rh; n`f"V ls dqVqac Hkko lIre n`f"V ls "k"Be Hkko vkSj n'ke n`f"V ls uoe Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA bu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; dj jgk gSA jkgq yXu esa fojkteku gksdj iape n`f"V ls iape Hkko dks] lIre n`f"V ls lIre Hkko dks vkSj uoe n`f"V ls uoe Hkko dk n`f"V nsdj lfØ; dj jgk gSA vr% lIreka'k dqaMyh esa Hkh n'kk larku izkfIr ds fy, vuqdwy FkhA xkspj 11-03-2015 dks 'kfu xkspjo'k o`f'pd jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk HkkX; Hkko gS ogka ls 'kfu ,dkn'k Hkko dks] r`rh; Hkko kds vkSj "k"B Hkko dks ns[k jgs FksA mlh le; xq# dk xkspj ddZ jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk iape Hkko gS ogka ij xq# mPp voLFkk esa fojkteku gksdj uoe dks ,dkn'k dks dqVqac Hkko dks n`"V dj jgs FksA panzek v"Ve esa xkspjo'k gksdj /ku Hkko dks n`f"V ns jgs FksA eaxy ehu jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk yxuk gS ogka ls eaxy prqFkZ Hkko lIre Hkko vkSj v"Ve Hkko dks n`"V dj jgs FksA bl dkj.k tkfrdk dks vkWijs'ku ls larku gqbZA xkspj esa iape] uoe] dqVqac Hkko lfØ; gq,A bl izdkj larku izkfIr ds fy, xkspj vuqdwy fl) gqvkA dqaMyh 7 % 5 vxLr 1982] 12-30] xkft;kckn] m-izyXu dqaMyh 9 ds-

8 10 pa-

7 ea-xq-

lIreka'k dqaMyh

6 'k-

3 'kq-jk

12 1 ds

4 lw-

1 12

5 cq-

2 lw-

pa-xq 9 7 jk-

tkfrdk ds larku Hkko esa dqaHk jkf'k ¼ok;q rRo jkf'k½ gS vkSj iapes'k 'kfu 12oha Hkko esa gSA 'kfu dqVqac Hkko] "k"B Hkko vkSj uoe Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA uoe esa yXus'k fLFkr gSA iapes'k 'kfu dk yXus'k 'kqØ dks n`"V djuk ,d ldkjkRed igyw gS larku ;ksx ds fy,A larku dkjd c`gLifr dh fLFkfr dqaMyh cgqr vPNh gSA og tkfrdk ds yXu esa fLFkr gksdj viuh iape lIre vkSj uoe n`f"V ls iape Hkko] lIre Hkko vkSj uoe Hkko dks n`"V dj jgk gSA uoes'k cq/k ,dkn'k Hkko esa gSA lIre n`f"V ls iape Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa larku izkfIr ds cgqr vPNs ;ksx cu jgs gSaA tkfrdk dh lIreka'k dqaMyh esa iape Hkko esa i`Foh rRo jkf'k gS iapes'k ,dkn'k Hkko ls iape Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vr% tkfrdk dks larku ;ksx gSA n'kk&varnZ'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k tkfrdk dks 1-12-2013 esa iq= jRu dh izkfIr gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks xq# dh egkn'kk esa cq/k dh varnZ'kk vkSj jkgq dh iR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA c`gLifr yXu esa gksdj iape dks ns[k jgk gS mlus iape] lIre vkSj uoe dks lfØ; fd;kA cq/k uoes'k gS ,dkn'k dks vkSj iape Hkko dks ns[k dj budks lfØ; fd;k] jkgq uoe esa fLFkr gSA vr% uoe Hkh lfØ; gqvkA jkgq us yXu dks iape n`f"V ls xq# dks n`"V fd;kA bl izdkj nksuksa dks vkil esa n`f"V laca/k cukA yXu iape] uoe] ,dkn'k ;g lHkh egRoiw.kZ Hkko n'kk] varnZ'kk] izR;arj n'kk ds nkSjku lfØ; gq, vkSj tkfrdk dks larku nsus esa leFkZ gq,A xkspj

4 3

8 ea-'kq-

larku ;ksx

5 cq-'k-

tkfrdk dk tUe rqyk yXu edj jkf'k esa gqvk gSA bl yXu ds tkrd&tkfrdk dyk ize s h] vk'kkoknh] lgu'kfDr okys] i<+us fy[kus ds 'kkSdhu] viuh os'kHkw"kk dk /;ku j[kus okys] HkkSfrd lq[k&lqfo/kk,a dh rjQ T;knk vkdf"kZr gksus okys] ?kweus&fQjus ds 'kkSdhu] vPNs O;kikjh gksrs gSaA tkfrdk esa bu xq.kksa dk lekos'k gksxkA

1-12-2013 esa xq# dk xkspj feFkqu jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk HkkX; Hkko gS ogka ls xq# ikapoha n`f"V ls yXu vkSj uoe n`f"V ls iape Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk tks fd larku izkfIr ds vuqdwy FkkA 'kfu dk xkspj rqyk jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk yXu Hkko gS ogka ls 'kfu esa r`rh; n`f"V ls r`rh; Hkko dks lIre n`f"V ls lIre Hkko dks n`f"V nhA 'kfu dh n'ke n`f"V n'ke Hkko ij FkhA panzek dk xkspj Hkh rqyk jkf'k esa tkfrdk ds yXu ij FkkA og Hkh lIre n`f"V ls lIre Hkko dks n`"V dj jgk FkkA bl izdkj xkspj Hkh larku ds fl)karksa ij lgh lkfcr gqvkA

30 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k larku çkfIr gbZA

dqaMyh 8 % 15 tuojh 1985] 14%10] lwjr] xqtjkr yXu dqaMyh 4

3 5

6 7 pa-

2 jk8 'k-ds

10 xq-lw-

9 10 11 pa-cq-

11 ea-'kq9 cq-

xkspj

lIreka'k dqaMyh

12 1

8 jk 2 'k-ds-

6 5

4 lw-ea3 xq'kq-

tkfrdk dk tUe o`"k yXu esa gqvk gS rqyk jkf'k esa gqvk gSA tkfrdk dk yXu esa 'kqØ gksus ds dkj.k tkfrdk çse iwoZd O;ogkj djus okyh] lkSan;Z mikld] laxhr o dyk çseh] rud fetkth] O;kikjh] lq[k lqfo/kkvksa esa #fp j[kus okyh] lkSan;Z çlk/ku vkfn esa #fp] Li"V oknh] vkRefuHkZj] /ku lapk;h gksxhA larku ;ksx

xkspj esa larku tUe ds fy, xq# vkSj 'kfu egRoiw.kZ gSA 2]5]11 dk lfØ; gksuk t:jh gSA larku ds tUe ds le; 'kfu rqyk jkf'k esa xkspj dj jgk FkkA xq# ddZ esa xkspj dj jgk FkkA 'kfu n'ke –f"V ls xq# dks ns[k jgk FkkA xq# lIre –f"V ls uoe Hkko dks vkSj uoe –f"V ls 11 osa Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA paæek feFkqu jkf'k esa Fkk xkspj esa 2]9]11 Hkko lfØ; FkkA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa uSlfxZd dkjd c`gLifr tks lIreka'k dk iapes'k gS iape dks uoe –f"V ls –"V dj jgk gSA dqaMyh 9 % 28 uoacj 1979] 2%30] lruk] e/;izns'k yXu dqaMyh 4

iape Hkko esa fu"Qy ¼catj½ jkf'k gS iapes'k cq/k v"Ve Hkko esa vfXu rRo jkf'k esa fLFkr gS ijarq dkjd c`gLifr dh uoe –f"V iape Hkko ij gSA vr% dqN dfBukb;ksa ds ckn larku gksus dk ;ksx cu jgk gSA dkjd c`gLifr uhp dk gS yXus'k dh fLFkfr vPNh gS yXus'k 'kqØ fe= jkf'k esa fLFkr gS paæek dqaMyh esa NBs Hkko esa yXus'k dh jkf'k esa fLFkr gSA paæek vkSj iapes'k dh fLFkfr dqaMyh esa vPNh ugha gS ijarq c`gLifr dh uoe –f"V iape Hkko ij gksus ls tkfrdk dks vR;f/kd 'kkjhfjd d"V ds ckn larku çkfIr dk ;ksx curk gSA

3 5

7 pa-

lIreka'k dqaMyh

2 jk8 'k-ds

10 11 pa-cq-

11 ea-'kq9 cq-

10 xq-lw-

12 1

8 jk 2 'k-ds-

6 5

4 lw-ea3 xq'kq-

tkfrdk dk tUe dU;k yXu dqaHk jkf'k esa gqvk gSA tkfrdk cqf)eku] fo|k esa #fp] n;kyq] xf.krK] prqj] LokFkhZ] ehBk cksyus okyh] Hkkoqd gksxhA tkfrdk dh vk; mÙke gksxh] dk;ks± esa lQyrk] O;olk; esa lQyrk ikus okyh gksxhA larku ;ksx

n'kk&varnZ'kk ds }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k tkfrdk dks 'kfu dh egkn'kk esa eaxy dh varnZ'kk esa dU;k larku dh çkfIr gqbZA 'kfu HkkX;s'k gS eaxy 'kfu eSa jkf'k ifjorZu gSA eaxy dk laca/k yXus'k ds 'kqØ ds lkFk ;qfr esa gS HkkX;s'k 'kfu dkjd xq# dks rhljh –f"V ls –"V dj jgk gSA HkkX;s'k vkSj d;sZ'k dk laca/k gksuk Hkkx;s'k dh egkn'kk gksuk yXus'k dh laca/kh eaxy dh varnZ'kk gksuk iape Hkko esa cq/k dh jkf'k ds gksus ls tkfrdk dks bl n'kk esa iq= dh çkfIr gqbZA iapes'k vkSj paæek dh ihfM+r gksus vkSj eaxy dh varnZ'kk gksus ds dkj.k tkfrdk dks cgqr 'kkjhfjd d"V vkSj g‚fLiVy ds pDdj yxkus ds ckn

tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iape Hkko esa edj ¼i`Foh rRo½ jkf'k gS iapes'k 'kfu yXu esa fLFkr gSA iapes'k dh fLFkfr dqaMyh esa vPNh gSA panzek vkSj larku dkjd c`gLifr ,d&nwljs dks lIre n`f"V ls ns[k jgs gSaA panzek "k'B Hkko vkSj c`gLifr } kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gSA yXus'k cq/k f}rh; Hkko esa gS uoes'k 'kqØ prqFkZ Hkko esa fLFkr gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iapes'k yXus'k dh fLFkfr lcls vPNh gS vkSj xq# panzek dk n`f"V laca/k gSA xq# fe= jkf'k esa gS vr% tkfrdk dks larku ds ;ksx cu jgs gSaA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa ns[ksa rks xq# larku Hkko esa viuh fe= jkf'k esa fLFkr gksdj uoe Hkko dks] ,dkn'k Hkko vkSj yXu

31 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k dks ns[k jgk gSA xq# dh fLFkfr lIreka'k esa vPNh gSA xq# lIreka'k dks uoes'k Hkh gS lIreka'k dk yXus'k panzek yXu esa cSBk gSA bl izdkj lIreka'k dqaMyh esa larku ds izcy ;ksx cu jgs gSaA n'kk&varnZ'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k larku ds tUe le; ij 'kfu dh egkn'kk esa 'kqØ dh varnZ'kk vkSj 'kfu dh gh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA 'kfu iapes'k gS mlesa uoes'k dh varnZ'kk gksus ls larku izkfIr gqbZ D;ksafd 'kfu us iape] uoe vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko dks vkSj 'kqØ us Hkh uoe vkSj prqFkZ Hkko dks lfØ; fd;k FkkA ;g n'kk&varnZ'kk tkfrdk dks larku izkfIr djkus esa lgk;d fl) vuqdwy jghA lIreka'k esa 'kfu uoe esa cSBk gSA mlus rhljh n`f"V ,dkn'k dks nh] lIre ls r`rh; dks ns[kk vkSj nloha n`f"V ls "k"B Hkko dks ns[kkA 'kqØ us ,dkn'k] prqFkZ] lIre vkSj lkroha n`f"V ls yXu dks ns[kdj lfØ; fd;kA bl izdkj ;g n'kk lIreka'k esa Hkh larku izkfIr ds fy, vuqdwy lkfcr gqbZA xkspj 11-11-1999 dks tkfrdk dks dU;k larku dh izkfIr gqbZ ml le; esa 'kfu xkspjo'k es"k jkf'k esa Fkk vkSj xq# Hkh mlds lkFk ;qfr esa FkkA es"k jkf'k tkfrdk ds ,dkn'k Hkko esa gSA nksuksa xzg ogka ls iape dks ns[k jgs FksA 'kfu viuh rhljh n`f"V ls yXu dks Hkh ns[k jgk FkkA 'kfu dh nloha n`f"V v"Ve Hkko ij Fkh xq# us r`rh; Hkko dks iape n`f"V ls ns[kkA dqaMyh 10 % 18 ekpZ 1991] 22%58] QkftYdk] iatkc yXu dqaMyh 9

lIreka'k dqaMyh

7 10 'k-jk-

11 12 lw-cq-

pa-ea-'kq3 2 4 jk-

4 xq-ds1 pa-'kq-

3 2 e-

12 xq-

6 lw-'k-

larku ;ksx tkfrdk ds iape Hkko esa ok;q rRo jkf'k gS ftldk Lokeh 'kfu prqFkZ Hkko esa Lojkf'k fLFkr gSA larku dkjd xq# viuh lIre n`f"V ls iapes'k dks n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj ns[k jgk gSA yXus'k 'kqØ panzek ds lkFk lIre Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj yXu dks ns[k jgk gSA xq# dh ikapoha n`f"V f}rh; Hkko ij gS vkSj uoe n`f"V ls "k"B Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS tgka ij xq# dh ehu jkf'k gS vkSj HkkX;s'k cq/k ,dkn'ks'k lw;Z fLFkr gS budk xq# ls laca/k cu jgk gSA tkfrdk dks larku izkfIr esa foyac gksxk] ijs'kkuh gksxh D;ksafd 'kfu iapes'k gS vkSj jkgq ls ;qfr gS rFkk dsrq mldks ns[k jgk gSA tkfrdk dks larku izkfIr gksxh ijarq larku nsjh ls gksxhA n'kk&varnZ'kk ds }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k tkfrdk dks 11-09-2019 esa iq=h larku dh izkfIr gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks lw;Z dh egkn'kk esa 'kfu dh varnZ'kk vkSj xq# dh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA 'kfu prqFkZ Hkko rFkk lw;Z "k"B Hkko esa Lojkf'k fLFkr gksdj cSBk gSA lw;Z vkSj 'kfu esa 3-11 dk ;ksx cuk;k Fkk lw;Z dh egkn'kk py jgh FkhA NBs Hkko vkSj X;kjgosa Hkko lfØ; gqvkA 'kfu us prqFkZ Hkko vkSj iape Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA xq# n'ke Hkko esa cSBk gS] 'kfu vkSj xq# nksuksa ,d&nwljs dks ns[k jgs gSaA izR;arj n'kkukFk xq# dk laca/k f}rh; Hkko ls iape n`f"V ls ns[kus ds dkj.k cuk Fkk] xq# vkSj 'kfu dk lIre n`f"V ls vkil esa laca/k cuk] uoe n`f"V ls xq# us "k"B Hkko esa fLFkr lw;Z dks Hkh ns[kkA bl izdkj 2]4]5]6]10]11 Hkko lfØ; gq,A tkfrdk dk NBk Hkko lfØ; gksus ls LokLF; ml le; detksj Fkk ijarq tkfrdk dh bPNk iw.kZ gqbZA xkspj

10 cq-ds9

lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa ds izfr :fp] bZekunkj gksxhA

tkfrdk dk tUe rqyk yXu es"k jkf'k esa gqvk gSA rqyk yXu dk Lokeh 'kqØ gS vr% tkfrdk ,s'o;Z'kkyh] vkd"kZd] foyklh] uez] izÑfrize s h] vPNh O;kikjh] HkkSfrd

tkfrdk dks 11-09-2019 esa tc larku izkfIr gqbZ rc 'kfu dk xkspj /kuq jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk rhljk Hkko gS ogka ls 'kfu rhljh n`f"V ls iape dks ns[k jgk Fkk tgka 'kfu dh Lo;a dh ewy f=dks.k jkf'k gSA 'kfu lIre n`f"V ls uoe Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk] n'ke n`f"V ls } kn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA xq# dk xkspj o`f'pd jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk dqVqac Hkko gSA ogka ls xq# "k"B Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA iape n`f"V ls] xq# us lIre n`f"V ls v"Ve Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj uoe n`f"V ls n'ke Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA bl izdkj xkspj esa f}rh;] r`rh;] iape] "k"B] v"Ve vkSj n'ke Hkko lfØ;

32 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k gq,A tkfrdk ds dqVqac esa iq=h dk vkxeu gqvk ijarq "k"B] v"Ve lfØ; gksus ls tkfrdk dks vkWijs'ku ls larku dh izkfIr gqbZ vkSj LokLF; lacaf/kr dfBukb;ka gqbZA dqaMyh 11 % 5 uoacj 1976] 23%36] eqacbZ] egkjk"Vª yXu dqaMyh 6

7 lw-ea-cq-jk8 'kq

5 4 'k-

2 xq-

1 pa-ds 12

10 9

lIreka'k dqaMyh

1 2 pa- 3 'k-ds-

12 ea-

6 5

lw-cq11 10 9 jk7

8 xq-'kq

tkfrdk dk tUe ddZ yXu vkSj es"k jkf'k esa gqvk gS tkfrdk dk papy] vPNh oDrk] ys[kd] fu%LokFkZ] mÙke dYiuk 'kfDr] 'kkSdhu] vkn'kZ thou thus okyh izo`fÙk dh gksxhA tkfrdk dh jkf'k es"k gksus dh otg ls LoHkko mÙke gksxkA egRokdka{kh gksxh] >xM+kyw] /kS;Zghu] lkglh] okn&fookn djus okyh] vkn'kZoknh] feyulkj] rqud fetkt gksxhA larku ;ksx tkfrdk ds iape Hkko esa ty rRo jkf'k gSA iapes'k eaxy prqFkZ Hkko esa cSBk gS vkSj yXus'k panzek n'ke hkko esa fojkftr gksdj mldks lIre n`f"V ls ns[k jgk gSA larku dk dkjd xq# tkfrdk dh dqaMyh ds ,dkn'k Hkko esa fojkteku gksdj lIre n`f"V ls iape Hkko dks n`"V dj jgk gSA vr% tkfrdk dks larku izkfIr ds izcy ;ksx dqaMyh esa cu jgs gSaA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa ns[ksa rks iapes'k panzek gS vkSj iape Hkko esa ty rRo jkf'k gSA iapes'k panzek tks fd r`rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gS mldks larku dk dkjd xq# uoe Hkko esa fojkteku gksdj lIre n`f"V ls ns[k jgk gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa Hkh tkfrdk dks lark ;ksx izcy :i ls cu jgk gSA iapes'k ij dkbZ Hkh iki izHkko ugha gS u gh iape Hkko ij dksbZ iki izHkko gSA n'kk&varnZ'kk izR;arj n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k tkfrdk dks 4 Qjojh 2005 esa iq= jRu dh izkfIr gqbZA ml le; lw;Z dh egkn'kk esa dsrq dh varnZ'kk vkSj jkgq dh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA lw;Z iapes'k ds lkFk prqFkZ Hkko esa ;qfr esa lkFk gh jkgq Hkh iapes'k eaxy ds lkFk vkSj

egkn'kkukFk lw;Z ds lkFk prqFkZ Hkko esa fLFkr gSA dsrq tks fd izR;arj n'kkukFk gS n'ke Hkko esa cSBdj lw;Z jkgq vkSj eaxy dks lIre n`f"V ls n`"V dj jgk gSA bl izdkj lw;Z tks fd egkn'kk ukFk gSA dsrq tks fd varnZ'kkukFk gS vkSj jkgq tks fd izR;arjn'kkukFk dk laca/k cu jgk FkkA bl izdkj n'kkvksa us tkfrdk dks larku izkfIr esa lg;ksx fd;kA xkspj tkfrdk dks 4 Qjojh 2005 esa iq= jRu dh izkfIr gqbZA ml le; 'kfu xkspjo'k feFkqu jkf'k esa Hkze.k dj jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk }kn'k Hkko gSA ogka ls 'kfu rhljh n`f"V ls tkfrdk ds f}rh; Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA lIre n`f"V ls 'kfu NBs Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk VkSj nloha n`f"V ls dqaMyh ds uoe Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA mlh le; c`gLifr dU;k jkf'k esa xkspj dj jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk r`rh; Hkko gSA ogka ls c`gLifr viuh iape] lIre vkSj uoe n`f"V ls lIre Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA uoe Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA bl izdkj 'kfu us vkSj c`gLifr us xkspj ds nkSjku r`rh;] NBk] lIre] uoe] ,dkn'k vkSj }kn'k Hkko dks lfØ; fd;k bl nkSjku larku izkfIr ds le; tkfrdk dks LokLF; laca/kh ijs'kkuh mBkuh iM+h vkSj vLirky ds pDdj yxkus iM+As bl izdkj xkspj us larku izkfIr esa lg;ksx iznku fd;kA dqaMyh 12 % 14 tqykbZ 1984] 20%35] fljlk] gfj;k.kk yXu dqaMyh 12

11 1

2 jk-

3 lw-

10 pa4 cq-'kq

lIreka'k dqaMyh

9 xq

8 ds-

7 ea-'k6 5

9 lw 10 'k-jk 11 xq-'kq 12 ea-

7 pa-

5 2 cq-

4 ds-

tkfrdk edj yXu vkSj edj jkf'k dh gSA edj yXu esa tUe ysus okyk O;fDr larks"kh] mxz LoHkko dk esgurh] euekSth] prqj] yacs 'kjhj okyk] [kphZyk gksrk gSA tkfrdk esa ;g xq.k LokHkkfod :i ls ik, tk ldrs gSaA tkfrdk fopkj'khy] vkRefuHkZj] bZekunkj] mÙke foosd'kfDr okyh gksaxhA

33 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k larku ;ksx tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iape Hkko esa i`Foh rRo jkf'k o`"kHk gSA iapes'k 'kqØ lIre Hkko esa ty rRo jkf'k ddZ esa fLFkr gSA larku dkjd xq# viuh Lojkf'k esa }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gSA yXus'k 'kfu tkfrdk ds n'ke Hkko esa viuh fe= jkf'k esa fLFkr gSA HkkX; dk Lokeh cq/k lIre Hkko esa iapes'k ds lkFk ;qfr esa gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iapes'k vkSj uoes'k dk jkt;ksx esa gSA bldh otg ls tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa larku ;ksx fo|eku gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iapes'k dh fLFkfr yXus'k dh fLFkfr vkSj HkkX;s'k dh fLFkfr cgqr gh vPNh gSA bl dkj.k tkfrdk dks larku dh izkfIr gksxhA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa ns[ksa rks iapes'k xq# gS tks fd larku dk dkjd gS tkfrdk ds prqFkZ Hkko esa lIres'k vkSj }kn'k 'kqØ ds lkFk ;qfr esa gSaA yXus'k eaxy gS tks fd iape esa gh fLFkr gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh dk HkkX; Lokeh panzek gS tks fd }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gSA iapes'k xq# viuh iape n`f"V ls v"Ve Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA tkfrdk dks larku izkfIr ds le; 'kq:vkrh nkSj esa LokLF; laca/kh ijs'kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa Hkh xq# dh fLFkfr prqFkZ Hkko esa vius fe= jkf'k esa vPNh gksus ds dkj.k larku izkfIr ds ksx cu x,A lIreka'k dqaMyh esa larku dkjd xq# us ;ksx cuk;k vkSj yXu dqaMyh esa iapes'k dh fLFkfr vPNh gksus ds dkj.k 'kqØ us tks fd iapes'k gS mlus larku ;ksx cuk;kA egkn'kk varnZ'kk vkSj izR;arj n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k izFke larku tkfrdk dks izFke larku dh izkfIr 28 Qjojh 2009 esa gqbZ ml le; tkfrdk dks jkgq dh egkn'kk 'kqØ dh varnZ'kk vkSj eaxy dh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA jkgq tkfrdk dh iape Hkko esa fo|eku gS vkSj iapes'k 'kqØ jkt;ksx esa gS vr% ml le; tkfrdk dk iape Hkko lfØ; gqvk lIre Hkko lfØ; gqvkA jkgq dh n`f"V uoe Hkko ij FkhA ,dkn'k Hkko ij Fkh vkSj yXu ij Hkh Fkh jkgq us bu lc Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA 'kqØ tks fd varnZ'kkukFk Lo;a iapes'k gS vkSj lIre esa cSBdj yXu ks n`"V dj jgk gSA izR;arj n'kkukFk eaxy tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa yXus'k ds lkFk n'ke Hkko esa fojkteku gS vkSj tkfrdk dh yXu dks iape dks vkSj prqFkZ dks n`"V dj jgk gS eaxy dk Hkh laca/k iape LFkku vkSj yXu ls cu jgk gSA blfy, eaxy us Hkh larku izkfIr

esa viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA bl izdkj egkn'kk varnZ'kk vkSj izR;arj n'kk us iape yXu] uoe] ,dkn'k] prqFkZ Hkkoksa dks lfØ; djds larku izkfIr dh 'krks± dks iwjk fd;kA xkspj izFke larku tkfrdk dks 2009 Qjojh esa izkIr gqbZ ml le; c`gLifr dk xkspj edj jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk yXu gS ogka ls c`gLifr iape Hkko dks viuh iape n`f"V ls lIre Hkko dks lIre n`f"V ls vkSj uoe Hkko dks uoe n`f"V ls n`"V dj jgk FkkA bl dkj.k iape lIre vkSj uoe lfØ; Hkko FksA 'kfu dk xkspj ml le; ehu jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk r`rh; Hkko gSA ogka ls 'kfu viuh r`rh; n`f"V ls iape dks ns[k jgk FkkA lIre n`f"V ls uoe dks ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj n'ke n`f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA bl izdkj 'kfu us Hkh iape dks uoe dks lfØ; fd;kA 'kfu us ,dkn'k Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA tkfrdk dh bPNk dh iwfrZ gqbZ mldks ,d LoLFk iq= jRu dh izkfIr gqbZA eaxy ml le; xkspj esa c`gLifr ds lkFk edj esa Hkze.k dj jgk FkkA panzek dks xkspj 'kfu ds lkFk ehu jkf'k esa Fkk vkSj mlus Hkh uoe dks n`"V fd;kA bl izdkj xzgksa ds xkspj esa Hkh larku izkfIr esa viuk lg;ksx fn;kA nwljh larku tkfrdk dks nwljh larku dh izkfIr 2 ebZ 2014 esa gqbZ ml le; tkfrdk dks jkgq dh egkn'kk eaxy dh varnZ'kk vkSj cq/k dh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA egkn'kk ukFk jkgq tks fd iape esa gh fLFkr gSA iape dks lfØ; dj jgs FksA varnZ'kkukFk eaxy yXus'k ds lkFk n'ke esa fLFkr gksdj yXu dks ns[k jgs Fks vkSj iape dks Hkh viuh v"Ve n`f"V ls ns[k jgs FksA varnZ'kk ukFk cq/k tks fd HkkX; ds Lokeh gS iapes'k ds lkFk lIre esa ;qfr esa gSA cq/k us uoe Hkko dks lIre Hkko dks vkSj r`rh; Hkko dks lfØ; fd;k FkkA bl izdkj bl egkn'kk varnZ'kk vkSj izR;arj n'kk esa yXu iape lIre uoe vkSj r`rh; Hkko lfØ; gq, vkSj tkfrdk dks bl le; iq= jRu dh izkfIr gqbZA xkspj tkfrdk dks nwljh larku dh izkfIr ebZ 2014 esa gqbZ ml le; xq# dk xkspj feFkqu jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dqaMyh dk NBk Hkko gSA 'kfu dk xkspj rqyk jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk n'ke Hkko gSA eaxy dk xkspj dU;k jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk uoe Hkko gSA

34 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k panzek dks xkspj o`"kHk jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk iape Hkko gSA xq# us NBk Hkko] ckjgoka Hkko] nloka Hkko vkSj dqVqac Hkko dks n`f"V fn;kA mudks lfØ; fd;kA 'kfu us n'ke Hkko] }kn'k Hkko] prqFkZ Hkko vkSj lIre Hkko ks n`"V djds lfØ; fd;kA eaxy esa HkkX; Hkko vkSj r`rh; Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA panzek us iape Hkko vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA bl izdkj xkspj esa tkfrdk dh dqaMyh ds panzek }kjk iape Hkko] ,dkn'k Hkko vkSj eaxy }kjk uoe Hkko r`rh; Hkko yXus'k 'kfu }kjk prqFkZ] lIre vkSj c`gLifr }kjk dqVqac Hkko ds lfØ; gksus ls ml le; ds xkspj esa tkfrdk dks f}rh; larku dh izkfIr gqbZA xkspj esa larku izkfIr ds eq[; Hkko iape] uoe vkSj dqVqac ,dkn'k Hkko lfØ; FksA bl izdkj xkspj us larku izkfIr esa viuk lg;ksx fn;kA dqaMyh 13 % 2 fnlacj 1989] 10%30] ubZ fnYyh yXu dqaMyh 11 12 1 2 3 xq-

10 'kq-jk4 ds-

8 lw-cq-

8 cq-

7 ea6 5

xq6

5 lw-

'k-qds4

10 jk-

3 pa-

11 12 ea-

lIreka'k dqaMyh esa ns[ksa rks iape Hkko dk Lokeh Lo;a larku dk dkjd c`gLifr gS tks fd dqVaqc Hkko esa fLFkr gS ogka ls og ln~Hkko dks viuh iape n`f"V ls vkSj uoe Hkko dks viuh lIre n`f"V ls vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko dks viuh uoe n`f"V ls n`"V dj jgk gSA c`gLifr dh fLFkfr lIreka'k dqaMyh esa vpNh gS vkSj og lIreka'k dqaMyh dk iapes'k Hkh gSA vr% og tkfrdk dks larku ;ksx iznku dj jgk gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh dk yXus'k lw;Z gS yXu esa gh fLFkr gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh dk yXu] iape] uoe Hkh etcwr gSA D;ksafd uoe Hkko dk Lokeh Lo;a 'kfu vius gh Hkko esa cSBk gSA bl izdkj tkfrdk dks lIreka'k dqaMyh esa larku ds izcy 'kqHk ;ksx dk fuekZ.k gks jgk gSA egkn'kk varnZ'kk vkSj izR;arj n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k

lIreka'k dqaMyh

pa-'k9

etcwr cuk jgk gSA vr% tkfrdk dks larku dh izkfIr gksxhA

1 'k-

tkfrdk dk tUe edj yXu vkSj /kuq jkf'k esa gqvk gSA tkfrdk fopkj'khy] vkRefuHkZj] ifjJeh] bZekunkj] prqj] mÙke food'kfDr] fu"diV] euekSth] [kphZyh] larks"kh] mxz LoHkko okyh gksxhA larku ;ksx tkfrdk ds iape Hkko esa i`Foh rRo jkf'k gS ftldk Lokeh 'kqØ tks fd iapes'k gS tkfrdk ds yXu Hkko esa fLFkr gSA larku dk uSlfxZd dkjd c`gLifr tkfrdk dh "k"B Hkko esa fucZy voLFkk esa gSA tkfrdk yXus'k 'kfu yXu ls 12 LFkku esa gS tks fd vius le jkf'k /kuq esa fLFkr gSA cq/k HkkX; Lokeh gksdj lw;Z ds lkFk ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gS tks fd iw.kZ rjg ls vLr ugha gSA blfy, og tkfrdk ks mlds Hkkx; esa lg;ksx djsxkA tkfrdk dh larku gksus ds ;ksx cgqr gh fuEu voLFkk esa gS ijarq iapes'k dk yXu LFkku esa gksuk og Hkh vius fe= dh jkf'k esa gksuk mldks

tkfrdk dks larku izkfIr ds le; jkgq dh egkn'kk py jgh FkhA 'kfu dh varnz'kk py jgh Fkh vkSj eaxy dh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA jkgq tkfrdk dk yXu esa 'kqØ tks fd iapes'k gS mlds lkFk fLFkr gS vkSj viuh iape n`f"V ls iape dks n`"V dj jgk gSA lIe n`f"V ls lIe kds n`"V dj jgk gS vkSj uoe n`"V ls uoe dks n`"V dj jgk gSA bl izdkj jkgq us bu lc Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA mlh izdkj 'kfu tks fd yXus'k gS varnZ'kk esa dqVqac Hkko dks rljh n`f"V ls ns[k jgk gSA lIre n`"V ls NBs Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA viuh n'ke n`f"V ls uoe Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA bl izdkj 'kfu us bu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA izr;arj n'kkukFk eaxy tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa n'ke Hkko esa fojkteku gSogka ls og yXu dks pkSFkh n`f"V ls ns[k jgk gS lIre n`f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj v"Ve n`f"V ls iape Hkko ls laca/k cuk jgk gSA blh izdkj mlus bu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA egkn'kk ukFk jkgq varnZ'kkukFk 'kfu vkSj izR;arj n'kk ukFk eaxy us bl izdkj viuh n'kkvksa esa tkfrdk dks larku izkfIr esa viuk lg;ksx fn;kA xkspj tkfrdk dks larku izkfIr ds le; 22 flracj 2018 esa xkspj ds nkSjku c`gLifr rqyk esa 'kfu /kuq esa eaxy edj esa vkSj panzek dqaHk esa py jgs FksA rqyk jkf'k tkfrdk ds n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gS tgka c`gLifr xkspj dj jgk FkkA ogka ls c`gLifr dqVqac Hkko dks n`"V dj jgk FkkA prqFkZ Hkko dks

35 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k vkSj NBs Hkko dks n`"V dj jgk FkkA bl izdkj c`gLifr esa larku izkfIr esa ,d izeq[k Hkko tks fd nwljk Hkko gS mldks lfØ; fd;kA /kuq jkf'k tks fd tkfrdk dk }kn'k Hkko gS ogka ij 'kfu xkspjo'k Fkk ogka ls 'kfu viuh rhljh n`f"V ls dqVqac Hkko dks tkx`r dj jgk FkkA 'kfu viuh lkroha n`f"V ls NBs Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj viuh nloha n`f"V ls v"Ve Hkko dks Hkh ns[k jgk FkkA eaxy xkspjo'k edj jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk yXu gS ogka ls eaxy esa pkFkh n`f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[kk lIre n`f"V ls lIre Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj v'Ve n`f"V ls v"Ve Hkko dks ns[kk bl izdkj eaxy us Hkh bu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA tktfrdk dks viuh larku izkfIr ds nkSjku LokLF; laca/kh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k vkSj vkWijs'ku ds }kjk larku dh izkfIr gqbZA D;ksafd xkspj esa NBk] vkBoka Hkko lfØ; FkkA tkfrdk dk yXu vkSj dqVqac Hkko iwjh rjg ls lfØ; Fkk ogka ij xkspj esa panzek Hkh fLFkr FkkA bl izdkj xkspj esa tkfrdk ds larku izkfIr ds fy, flQZ nwljk vkSj yXu Hkko lfØ; gqvkA bl otg ls tkfrdk dks bl xkspj ds nkSjku larku dh izkfIr gqbZ ijarq vkWijs'ku vkSj dqN LokLF; lacaèkh ijs'kkfu;ksa ls xqtjuk iM+kA dqaMyh 14 % 5 ekpZ 1980] 15%01] ubZ fnYyh yXu dqaMyh ea-xq-jk 6 5 7 8

1 'kq10

12 11 lw-cq-ds

1 2 'kq- 3 lw-

12 'k-ds-

4 cq

6 pa-jk-

tkfrdk dh lIreka'k dqaMyh esa iapes'k panzek lIreLFk gksdj jkgq ds lkFk ;qfr esa gS vkSj yXu dks ns[k jgk gSA lIreka'k dk yXus'k xq# gS vkSj xq# larku dkjd Hkh gS tks fd v"Ve esa 'k=q jkf'k esa gS 'k=q jkf'k esa fLFkr gS xq# f}rh; vkSj uoes'k eaxy ds lkFk ;qfr esa gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa xq# dh fLFkfr vkSj iapes'k dh fLFkfr vPNh ugha gS ijarq iape Hkko esa ty rRo jkf'k gS vkSj panzek vkSj cq/k esa jkf'k ifjorZu gS vr% bl dqaMyh esa Hkh larku ;ksx ns[kk tk ldrk gSA xq# dqVqac dks ns[k Hkh jgk gS vkSj HkkX; mlds lkFk ;qfr esa Hkh gSA ;g Hkh larku izkfIr esa ,d eq[; fcanq gSA egkn'kk] varnZ'kk vkSj çR;arj n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k

lIreka'k dqaMyh

jkf'k gS ftldk Lokeh eaxy dqVqac Hkko esa larku dkjd xq# ds lkFk fojkteku gSA iapes'k eaxy f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj vius gh Hkko dks n`"V dj jgk gSA larkudkjd xq# vius fe= jkf'k esa iapes'k ds lkFk f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gSA iapes'k vkSj larku dkjd xq# dh fLFkfr dqaMyh esa cgqr gh vPNh gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa HkkX; Jh xq# curk gS tks fd vPNh fLFkfr esa gSA vr% ;g lkjh fLFkfr tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa mÙke larku ;ksx dk fuekZ.k dj jgh gSA

çFke larku 10

9 8 7 ea-xq-

tkfrdk ddZ yXu vkSj dU;k jkf'k dh gSaA ddZ yXu esa tUe ysus okys tkrd vkSj tkfrdk dh 'kjhj dk jax xksjk gksrk gSA ;g yksx mnkj] fouez] cqf)eku] vPNs O;olk;h vkSj /kuh gksrs gSaA ;g yksx ,d vPNs oDrk ys[kddkj] ifjJeh] vPNh Lej.k 'kfDr okys gksrs gSaA tkfrdk esa dU;k jkf'k ds xq.kksa ds vuqlkj tkfrdk cqf)eku] LokFkhZ] prqj vkSj vPNh xf.krK gksxhA larku ;ksx tkfrdk ds iape Hkko esa o`f'pd jkf'k gS tks fd ty rRo

tkfrdk dks çFke larku dh çkfIr 24 uoacj 2004 esa gqbZ ml le; tkfrdk dks xq# dh egkn'kk 'kfu dh varnZ'kk vkSj dsrq dh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA xq# Lo;a larku dkjd gS tks tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa HkkX; dk Lokeh vkSj NBs Hkko dk Lokeh Hkh gSA xq# iapes'k eaxy ds lkFk ;qfr laca/k esa dqVqac Hkko esa fLFkr gSA vr% egkn'kk ukFk xq# us larku çkfIr esa vius Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA varnZ'kk ukFk 'kfu tkfrdk dh lIre vkSj v"Ve Hkko dk Lokeh gksdj r`rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gSA ogka ls iape dks –f"V ns jgk gS HkkX; Hkko dks –f"V ns jgk gS vkSj }kn'k Hkko dks –f"V ns jgk gS bl çdk'k 'kfu us Hkh iape dks lfØ; fd;k uoe dks lfØ; fd;k vkSj }kn'k Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA varnZ'kk ukFk dsrq gS tks fd v"Ve esa fLFkr gksdj f}rh; Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj ogka cSBs iapes'k vkSj egkn'kk ukFk xq# ls vius laca/k cuk jgk gSA bl çdkj rhuksa n'kk] egkn'kk] varnZ'kk vkSj çR;arj n'kk us vius vius Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;k vkSj laca/k cuk, vkSj tkfrdk dks larku çkfIr esa viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA

36 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k xkspj

xkspj

tkfrdk dks çFke larku dh çkfIr 24 uoacj 2004 esa gbZ Fkh ml le; c`gLifr dk xkspj dU;k jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk r`rh; Hkko gSA ogka ls xq# iape –f"V ls lIre Hkko dks lIre –f"V uoe Hkko dks vkSj uoe –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks –"V dj jgk FkkA c`gLifr us bu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA 'kfu dk xkspj ml le; ddZ jkf'k esa py jgk FkkA tks tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk yXu Hkko gSA ogka ls 'kfu dh –f"V r`rh; Hkko ij Fkh] ogka xq# ls mldk –f"V laca/k cu jgk FkkA 'kfu us tkfrdk dh yXu dks lfØ; fd;kA eaxy dk xkspj rqyk jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk prqFkZ Hkko gS ogka ls eaxy us lIre dks uoe dks vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko dks –f"V nhA eaxy us prqFkZ dks uoe dks vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko dks bl rjg lfØ; fd;kA paæek dk xkspj es"k jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk n'ke Hkko gSA ogka ls paæek prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk tgka ij eaxy xkspj dj jgk FkkA bl rjg ls eaxy vkSj paæek dk –f"V laca/k cu jgk FkkA paæek dk xkspj tkfrdk dh dqaMyh ds paæek ls v"Ve gks jgk FkkA vr% tkfrdk dks çFke larku ds le; LokLF; laca/kh dqN ijs'kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k gksxkA

tkfrdk ds f}rh; larku dh çkfIr ds le; xq# ddZ jkf'k esa tks fd tkfrdk dk yXu gS] esa xkspj dj jgk FkkA ogka ls iape] lIre vkSj uoe dks ns[k jgk FkkA bl çdkj xq# us ;g Hkko lfØ; fd,A 'kfu dk xkspj ml le; o`f'pd jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk iape Hkko gSA ogka ls 'kfu lIre Hkko] ,dkn'k Hkko vkSj dqVqac Hkko dks –"V dj jgk FkkA bl çdkj larku çkfIr ds bu eq[; Hkkoksa dks 'kfu us Hkh lfØ; fd;kA eaxy dk xkspj ehu jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk HkkX; Hkko gSA ogka ls eaxy us 12oha Hkko dks ns[kkA prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj iape Hkko dks ns[kkA bl çdkj eaxy us Hkh bu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA blesa iape Hkh tks fd eq[; Hkko gS] eaxy }kjk lfØ; gqvkA bu rhuksa xzg c`gLifr] 'kfu vkSj eaxy us iape dks ,d lkFk lfØ; fd;kA bl çdkj tkfrdk dks f}rh; larku çkfIr ds le; mÙke xkspj feykA paæek dk xkspj ml le; dqaHk jkf'k esa FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa v"Ve Hkko gSA tkfrdk dh paæ daMyh ls paæek dk xkspj NBs Hkko esa gks jgk FkkA vr% tkfrdk dks LokLF; laca/kh ijs'kkfu;ka mBkuh iM+hA bl çdkj f}rh; larku çkfIr esa xkspj us viuk lg;ksx fd;kA

f}rh; larku tkfrdk dks f}rh; larku dh çkfIr 20 Qjojh 2015 esa gbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks xq# dh egkn'kk eaxy dh varnZ'kk vkSj cq/k dh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa egkn'kk ukFk xq# f}rh; Hkko esa iapes'k eaxy ds lkFk gSA eaxy dh varnZ'kk ukFk gS Lo;a iapes'k gS vkSj dqVqac Hkko esa egkn'kk ukFk ds lkFk ;qfr laca/k esa gSA iapes'k vkSj dkjd xq# dh fLFkfr dqVqac Hkko esa cu jgh gS ml le; larku çkfIr dh cgqr gh vPNh fLFkfr dk fuekZ.k gks jgk Fkk ,d egkn'kk uk Fkk vkSj ,d varnZ'kk ukFkA cq/k tks dh çR;arj n'kk uk Fkk tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa v"Ve esa fLFkr gksdj f}rh; Hkkx dks ns[k jgk gS tgka ij egkn'kk ukFk vkSj varnZ'kk ukFk nksuksa gh fLFkr gSA bl rjg ls egkn'kk varnZ'kk vkSj çR;arj n'kk dk –f"V laca/k vkil esa cu jgk FkkA rhuksa n'kkvksa dk laca/k v"Ve ls cu jgk FkkA eq[;r% eaxy dk laca/k vkSj eaxy varnZ'kk ukFk Hkh FkkA blfy, tkfrdk dks v‚ijs'ku ls larku dh çkfIr gqbZA bl çdkj ml le; dh bu n'kkvksa us tkfrdk dks larku çkfIr viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA

dqaMyh 15 % 9 tuojh 1960] 11%00] fljksgh] jktLFkku yXu dqaMyh ds1 12

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lIreka'k dqaMyh 9 lw-ea-cq 8 'k-

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5 'kq-

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tkfrdk dqaHk yXu vkSj o`"kHk jkf'k dh gSA dqaHk yXu esa tUe ysus okys tkrd vkSj tkfrdk lqanj] loZfiz;] papy] ckrwuh] rstLoh] vgadkjh] bZ";kZ djus okys gksrs gSaA tkfrdk dh jkf'k o`"kHk gSA jkf'k vuqlkj LoHkko esa tkfrdk ize s iwoZd O;ogkj djus okyh vkjkeilan] Li"Voknh] vkRefuHkZj] vPNh Lej.k'kfDr okyh] /ku dks cpk dj j[kus okyh] laxhr vkSj dyk esa #fp j[kus okyh gksxhA larku ;ksx tkfrdk dk yXu dqaHk gS vkSj iape Hkko esa feFkqu jkf'k

37 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k gS tks fd ,d fu"Qy vkSj ok;q rRo jkf'k gSA iapes'k cq/k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj iape Hkko dks n`f"V ns jgk gSA iapes'k cq/k lw;Z] eaxy] cq/k vkSj 'kfu ds lkFk ,dkn'k Hkko esa ;qfr laca/k esa gS vkSj vLr voLFkk esa gSA iapes'k dh fLFkfr dqaMyh esa vPNh ugha gS vkSj iape Hkko esa Hkh catj jkf'k gksus ds dkj.k tkfrdk dks larku ;ksx iapes'k }kjk ugha cu ik jgk gSA larku dkjd xq# dh fLFkfr dqaMyh ds n'ke Hkko esa gS vkSj og fe= jkf'k esa fLFkr gS ijarq 'kqØ ds lkFk ;qfr esa gSA xq# vkSj 'kqØ esa 13 fMxzh dk varjky gSA vr% xq# dh fLFkfr dks ge vPNh fLFkfr dgsaxAs xq# ogka ij fLFkr gksdj viuh iape n`f"V ls viuh gh jkf'k dks ns[k jgk gS tks fd f}rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gSA lIre n`f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS tgka ij panzek fLFkr gS vkSj uoe n`f"V ls dqaMyh ds NBs Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA xq# dh fLFkfr dqaMyh esa vPNh gSA vr% tkfrdk dks larku ds ;ksx curs gSaA tkfrdk dk HkkX; dk Lokeh 'kqØ gS tks fd larkudkjd xq# ds lkFk n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj viuh lIre n`f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks n`"V dj jgk gSA bl dqaMyh esa iapes'k dh fLFkfr vPNh ugha gS ijarq larku nsus okys xq# dh fLFkfr vPNh gksus ds dkj.k tkfrdk ds larku ;ksx cu jgs gSaA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa ns[ksa rks tkfrdk dk iape Hkko dk Lokeh larku dkjd xq# gS tks fd prqFkZ Hkko esa panzek ds lkFk ;qfr esa fLFkr gSA lIreka'k dk yXus'k lw;Z n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj viuh lIre n`f"V ls xq# dks ns[k jgk gSA xq# vkSj lw;Z esa n`f"V laca/k gks jgk gSA lIreka'k dk HkkX;s'k eaxy iape Hkko esa fLFkr gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa Hkh tkfrdk dks larku izkIr dk ;ksx xq# dh fLFkfr gh iznku dj jgk gSA egkn'kk] varnZ'kk vkSj izR;arj n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k izFke larku tkfrdk dks izFke larku dh izkfIr 21 flracj 1979 esa gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks eaxy dh egkn'kk lw;Z dh varnZ'kk vkSj 'kqØ dh izR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA egkn'kk ukFk eaxy ,dkn'k Hkko esa iapes'k ds lkFk fLFkr gS vkSj ogka os iape Hkko dks n`"V dj jgk gSA vrnZ'kk ukFk lw;Z egkn'kk d lkFk ;qfr esa gSA izR;arjn'kk ukFk 'kqØ gS tks fd HkkX; gksdj larku dkjd xq# ds lkFk ;qfr laca/k esa n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gSA izFke larku ds le; tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk uoe Hkko] n'ke Hkko] prqFkZ Hkko izR;arj n'kk ukFk }kjk lfØ; gqvkA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk ,dkn'k Hkko

dqVqac Hkko vkSj iape Hkko egkn'kk ukFk eaxy }kjk lfØ; gqvkA varnZ'kk ukFk lw;Z us Hkh ,dkn'k vkSj iape Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA bl izdkj egkn'kk] varnZ'kk vkSj izR;arj n'kk us lg;ksx fd;kA xkspj izFke larku ds tUe ds le; xq# dk xkspj flag jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk lIre Hkko gSA ogka ls xq# viuh iape n`f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA lIre –f"V ls yXu dks ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj uoe –f"V ls ijkØe Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA bl çdkj xq# us bu rhuksa Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA ml le; 'kfu dk xkspj Hkh flag jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk lIre Hkko gSA ogka ls 'kfu esa viuh rhljh –f"V ls HkkX; Hkko dks ns[kkA lIre –f"V ls yXu dks ns[kk vkSj n'ke –f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[kkA eaxy ml le; xkspj esa ddZ jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk NBk Hkko gSA ogka ls eaxy esa viuh prqFkZ –f"V HkkX; Hkko dks nhA lIre –f"V }kn'k Hkko dks nh vkSj v"Ve –f"V ls yXu dks ns[kkA paæek ml le; flag jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk lIre Hkko gSA ogka ls paæek us Hkh yXu Hkko dks Hkh –f"V nhA bl çdkj xq#] 'kfu] eaxy vkSj paæek us tkfrdk dh yXu Hkko dks ,d lkFk ns[kkA mldks lfØ; fd;kA eaxy us iape dks lfØ; fd;k gqvk Fkk] dqVqac dks lfØ; fd;k gqvk FkkA xkspj esa larku çkfIr ds lHkh eq[; Hkko lfØ; gks jgs FksA f}rh; larku tkfrdk dks f}rh; larku dh çkfIr 21 ekpZ 1981 esa gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks jkgq dh egkn'kk esa jkgq dh varnZ'kk vkSj 'kfu dh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA jkgq tkfrdk ds v"Ve Hkko esa fLFkr gSA viuh iape –f"V ls 12oha Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj vius lIre –f"V ls f}rh; Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA uoe –f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA jkgq iapes'k dh jkf'k dU;k esa fLFkr gSA ml le; tkfrdk dks v"Ve dh n'kk py jgh FkhA varnZ'kk Hkh v"Ve dh py jgh Fkh ijarq v"Ve dk laca/k dqVqac Hkko ls FkkA tks fd larku çkfIr dk ,d eq[; Hkko ekuk tkrk gSA çR;arj n'kk 'kfu dh py jgh Fkh tks fd tkfrdk dk yXus'k gS vkSj iapes'k ds lkFk ;qfr laca/k esa ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gSA f}rh; larku ds nkSjku tkfrdk dks larku dh çkfIr dk iwjk Js; yXus'k dks tkrk gSA D;ksafd yXus'k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj iape dks –f"V ns jgk gS vkSj ogka iapes'k ds lkFk Hkh fLFkr gSA tkfrdk dks f}rh; larku ds le; LokLF; laca/kh cgqr

38 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k ijs'kkfu;ksa ls xqtjuk iM+k Fkk vkSj cgqr gh eqf'dy ls mldks f}rh; larku dh çkfIr gbZ FkhA bl nkSjku tkfrdk dk yXu Hkko] v"Ve Hkko] dqVqac Hkko vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko lfØ; gqvk vkSj tkfrdk dks iq= jRu dh çkfIr gqbZA xkspj f}rh; larku dh çkfIr ds le; xq# dk xkspj dU;k jkf'k esa FkkA tks tkfrdk dk v"Ve Hkko gS ogka ls xq# }kn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk] dqVqac Hkk dks ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA tkfrdk dks bl le; LokLF; lacaèkh cgqr ijs'kkuh mBkuh iM+hA mlds ckn mldks iq= dh çkfIr gqbZA 'kfu dk xkspj ml le; dU;k jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd xq# ls laca/k cuk jgk FkkA ogka ls f}rh; Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk] prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk] n'ke Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA bu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; dj jgk FkkA 'kfu v"Ve dk dkjd gSA ogka ij c`gLifr ds lkFk ;qfr gksus ij vkSj viuh fe= jkf'k esa xkspj djus ds dkj.k mlus tkfrdk ds çk.kksa dks cpk;kA eaxy dk xkspj ehu jkf'k esa Fkk tks tkfrdk dk f}rh; Hkko gSA ogka ls eaxy iape dks ns[k jgk FkkA v"Ve dks ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj uoe dks ns[k jgk FkkA bl çdkj ;g lkjs Hkko Hkh lfØ; gq,A paæek ml le; dU;k jkf'k esa FkkA tks fd v"Ve esa Fkk] og Hkh dqVqac Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA bl çdkj xq#] 'kfu vkSj paæek rhuksa gh v"Ve esa xkspj dj jgs Fks vkSj ml le; egkn'kk Hkh jkgq dh py jgh Fkh tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa v"Ve esa fLFkr gSA vr% og le; tkfrdk ds çk.kksa dk ladV dk le; FkkA D;ksafd egkn'kk Hkh v"Ve dh py jgh Fkh vkSj xkspj esa Hkh rhu xzg xq#] 'kfu vkSj paæek v"Ve esa py jgs FksA tkfrdk dks f}rh; larku ds tUe nsus ds le; cgqr d"Vksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k vkSj mlds ckn mlus larku dks tUe fn;kA tkfrdk dh çk.k ladV ls cp x, D;ksafd ogka 'kfu dk xkspj gks jgk Fkk tks fd viuh fe= jkf'k cq/k esa py jgk FkkA 'kfu tkfrdk dk yXus'k Hkh gS vr% bu lc eqf'dyksa ds ckn Hkh tkfrdk iq= jRu dks tUe fn;kA r`rh; larku tkfrdk dks r`rh; larku dh çkfIr 7 ekpZ 1983 dks gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks jkgq dh egkn'kk] xq# dh varnZ'kk vkSj xq# dh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA r`rh; larku ds le; Hkh tkfrdk dh v"Ve dh jkgq dh n'kk py jgh Fkh tks fd cgqr gh d"Vdkjh FkhA egkn'kk ukFk jkgq us v"Ve]

}kn'k] f}rh; vkSj prqFkZ Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA f}rh; Hkko larku çkfIr dk eq[; Hkko gSA varnZ'kk ukFk xq# tks fd larku dkjd gS esa Hkh f}rh; Hkko dks viuh iape –f"V ls lfØ; fd;kA prqFkZ Hkko dks lIre –f"V ls lfØ; fd;k vkSj uoe –f"V ls NBs Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA çR;arj n'kk ukFk Hkh xq# FkkA bl çdkj r`rh; larku ds le; f} rh; Hkko lfØ; Fkk vkSj larku dkjd xq# dh egkn'kk Fkh tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa larku dk ;ksx cuk jgk gSA blfy, ml le; tkfrdk dks larku çkfIr gqbZA xkspj r`rh; larku ds le; xkspj esa xq# o`f'pd jkf'k esa py jgk FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dk n'ke Hkko gSA ogka ls xq# us iape –f"V dqVac Hkko dks nh vkSj mldks lfØ; fd;kA xkspj esa 'kfu rqyk esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk uoe Hkko gSA ogka ls 'kfu esa r`rh; –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[kk] lIre –f"V ls ijkØe Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj n'ke –f"V ls NBs Hkko dks ns[kkA bl çdkj 'kfu us bu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA xkspj esa eaxy ehu jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dk f}rh; Hkko gSA ogka ls eaxy us prqFkZ –f"V ls iape dks ns[kk] lIre –f"V ls v"Ve dks ns[kk] v"Ve –f"V ls uoe dks ns[kkA bl çdkj eaxy us Hkh bu eq[; Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA paæek Hkh ml le; o`f'pd jkf'k esa xq# ds lkFk xkspj dj jgk Fkk vkSj mlus lIre –f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[kkA bl çdkj xq# vkSj paæek us ,d lkFk prqFkZ Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA xkspj esa 'kfu] xq#] eaxy vkSj paæek us larku çkfIr ds eq[; Hkkoksa f}rh; Hkko] iape Hkko] uoe Hkko vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA xkspj us r`rh; larku dh çkfIr ds le; viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA dqaMyh 16 % 01 vizSy 1975] 02%10] ubZ fnYyh yXu dqaMyh ea11 10

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tkfrdk dk /kuq yXu vkSj o`f'pd jkf'k gSA /kuq yXu gksus ds dkj.k tkfrdk dq'ky] nsoh&nsorkvksa dh Hkä] èkkfeZd]

39 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k Kkuoku] vusd dykvksa dh Kkrk] cqf)eku] lqanj] Js"B LoHkko okyh] /kuh] ,s'o;Zoku] ijkØeh] ys[kd vkSj çfrHkk'kkyh gksxhA tkfrdk dh jkf'k o`f'pd gSA mlds vuqlkj tkfrdk dk LoHkko Li"Voknh] fuMj] rkuk'kkg ço`fÙk dh] ifjJeh] vkRefo'oklh gksaxhA larku ;ksx tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iape Hkko esa es"k jkf'k gS tks fd ,d vfXu rRo jkf'k gS ftldk Lokeh eaxy f}rh; Hkko esa cSBk gS vkSj prqFkZ –f"V ls iape dks ns[k jgk gSA Hkko dk vkSj 11oha Hkko dk Lokeh 'kqØ iape Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj vius gh Hkko ,dkn'k dks ns[k jgk gSA larku dkjd xq# tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa prqFkZ Hkko esa viuh jkf'k esa fLFkr gS c`gLifr dh fLFkfr dqaMyh esa vPNh gSA D;ksafd og Lojkf'k gksdj prqFkZ Hkko esa fLFkr gSA c`gLifr lw;Z vLr gS ijarq ogka viuh Lojkf'k esa fLFkr gksus ds dkj.k mldh fLFkfr dks cqjk ugha dgk tk ldrkA uoes'k lw;Z prqFkZ Hkko esa c`gLifr] lIres'k vkSj n'kes'k dh ;qfr esa fLFkr gSA dqaMyh esa iapes'k esa eaxy gS vkSj vius Hkko dks ns[k Hkh jgk gSA vfXu rRo jkf'k gSA tkfrdk dks larku ;ksx cu jgk gSA dqaMyh esa c`gLifr dh fLFkfr vPNh gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa ns[ksa rks iapes'k 'kqØ gS vkSj oks r`rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj uoe Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj uoes'k 'kfu iape Hkko esa mPp voLFkk esa gSA dkjd c`gLifr dqaMyh ds NBs Hkko esa fe= jkf'k esa fLFkr gksdj dqVqac Hkko dks viuh uoe –f"V ls ns[k jgk gSA iape –f"V ls n'ke Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA lIre –f"V ls }kn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa c`gLifr dh fLFkfr Bhd gS vkSj iapes'k dh fLFkfr Hkh Bhd gSA vr% bl dqaMyh esa Hkh tkfrdk dks larku ;ksx gSA egkn'kk] varnZ'kk vkSj çR;arj n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k çFke larku tkfrdk dks çFke larku dh çkfIr 24 ebZ 2000 esa gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks dsrq dh egkn'kk] cq/k dh varnZ'kk vkSj xq# dh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA dsrq tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa NBs Hkko esa 'kqØ dh jkf'k o`"kHk esa fLFkr gSA 'kqØ iape esa fLFkr gSA vr% 'kqØ dk laca/k iape ls gksus ds dkj.k vkSj dsrq dk 'kqØ dh jkf'k esa fLFkr gksus ds dkj.k bl egkn'kk esa tkfrdk dks larku çkfIr ds ;ksx QyhHkwr gq,A dsrq tks fd NBs Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj viuh uoe –f"V ls dqVqac Hkko dks Hkh ns[k jgk gS tks fd larku çkfIr ds fy,

,d eq[; Hkko ekuk tkrk gSA varnZ'kk ukFk cq/k gS vkSj çR;arj n'kk ukFk xq# gS nksuksa dh ;qfr prqFkZ Hkko esa cuh gS nksuksa esa laca/k gS D;ksafd xq# larku nsus okyk xzg gSA blfy, cq/k dh varnZ'kk esa cq/k dk xq# ls laca/k gksus ds dkj.k larku dk ;ksx QyhHkwr gqvk vkSj larku dh çkfIr gqbZA bl çdkj n'kkvksa us larku çkfIr esa ;ksxnku fn;kA xkspj 24 ebZ 2000 esa çFke larku dh çkfIr ds le; xq# dk xkspj es"k jkf'k esa vkSj 'kfu dk xkspj Hkh es"k jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk iape Hkko gSA nksuksa gh xzg iape ij xkspj dj jgs FksA vr% ml le; larku çkfIr dh çcy ;ksx cu jgs FksA eaxy dk xkspj o`"kHk jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk NBk Hkko gSA ogka ls eaxy viuh pkSFkh –f"V ls uoe Hkko dks lkroha –f"V ls }kn'k Hkko dks vkSj vkBoha –f"V ls yXu dks –"V dj jgk FkkA 'kfu iape esa xkspj djrs le; rhljh –f"V ls lIre Hkko dks lkroha –f"V ls 11oha Hkko dks vkSj nloha –f"V ls f}rh; Hkko dks –"V djds lfØ; dj jgk FkkA xq# us iape Hkko ls iape –f"V ls uoe dks ns[kk] lIre –f"V ls ,dkn'k dks ns[kk vkSj uoe –f"V ls yXu dks ns[kkA bl çdkj xq# us Hkh bu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA paæek dk xkspj edj jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk f}rh; Hkko gSA paæek us r`rh; Hkko dks lfØ; fd;k vkSj lIre –f"V ls v"Ve Hkko dks Hkh lfØ; fd;kA xkspj esa bu lc xzgksa esa larku ds eq[; Hkkxksa dks iape] nforh;] uoe vkSj yXu dks lfØ; fd;kA f}rh; larku tkfrdk dks f}rh; larku dh çkfIr 28 vçSy 2006 esa gqbZA ml le; 'kqØ dh egkn'kk] paæek dh varnZ'kk vkSj 'kqØ dh gh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA 'kqØ tkfrdk ds iape Hkko esa fLFkr gSA blhfy, 'kqØ dh egkn'kk esa larku çkfIr dk ;ksx cukA ogka ls 'kqØ us lkroha –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[kkA tkfrdk dh bPNk dh iwfrZ gqbZA nwljh larku dh çkfIr gqbZA varnZ'kk ukFk paæek FkkA paæek tkfrdk dh dqaMyh ds }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gSA ogka ls NBs Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA tkfrdk dks LokLF; laca/kh ijs'kkuh gqbZA larku d"V ls gqbZA xkspj f}rh; larku ds le; xq# dk xkspj rqyk jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk ,dkn'k Hkko gSA ogka ls xq#

40 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k viuh iape –f"V ls r`rh; Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA lIre –f"V ls iape Hkko ls laca/k cuk jgk Fkk vkSj uoe –f"V ls lIre Hkko ls laca/k cuk jgk FkkA xq# us ijkØe Hkko vkSj iape Hkko ls laca/k cuk;k Fkk vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko esa cSBk FkkA vr% bu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;k tks fd larku çkfIr ds fy, cgqr gh eq[; Hkkx gSA 'kfu dk xkspj ml le; ddZ jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk v"Ve Hkko gSA ogka ls 'kfu us rhljh –f"V ls n'ke Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj viuh lIre –f"V ls dqVqac Hkko dks ns[kkA 'kfu us viuh n'ke –f"V ls iape Hkko ls laca/k cuk;kA bl çdkj 'kfu dk laca/k Hkh larku çkfIr ds eq[; Hkko dqVqac vkSj iape ls FkkA 'kfu esa Hkh bu Hkkoksa dks viuh –f"V ls lfØ; cuk;k gqvk FkkA bl rjg ls mlus Hkh xkspj esa lg;ksx fd;kA ml le; eaxy dk xkspj feFkqu jkf'k esa FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk lIre Hkko gSA eaxy esa viuh pkSFkh –f"V ls n'ke dks ns[kkA lIre –f"V ls yXu dks ns[kk v"Ve –f"V ls dqVqac dks ns[kkA bl çdkj eaxy esa Hkh eq[; Hkko yXu vkSj dqVqac dks lfØ; fd;kA paæek dk xkspj es"k jkf'k esa FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dk iape Hkko gSA paæek iape Hkko ij gh xkspj dj jgk FkkA ogka ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj mldks Hkh lfØ; dj jgk FkkA xq#] 'kfu] eaxy vkSj paæek bu xzgksa us xkspj esa tkfrdk dks larku çkfIr esa cgqr mÙke ;ksxnku fn;kA iw.kZ :i ls mu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;k tks fd larku çkfIr ds eq[; Hkko gksrs gSaA iape] yXu] dqVqac] ,dkn'k Hkko bl çdkj xzgksa dh mÙke xkspj dh fLFkfr dh otg ls larku dh çkfIr gqbZA tkfrdk dk iapes'k eaxy gS tks fd v"Ve Hkko dks Hkh ns[k jgk gS vkSj v"Ve dk Lokeh paæek }kn'k Hkko esa jkgq ds lkFk fLFkr gSA vr% tkfrdk dks nksuksa larkuksa dh çkfIr v‚ijs'ku ds }kjk gqbZA dqaMyh 17 % 7 vizSy 1988] 21%14] ikyh] jktLFkku yXu dqaMyh 8 9 pa'k10 ea11 jk-

12 lw-cq-

lIreka'k dqaMyh

5 ds-

1 3

4 1 xq-

3 2 'kq-

4 xq-

lw-'k-ds11 10 'kq9

6 5 ea-jk-

8 pa-cq-

tkfrdk dk rqyk yXu dh gS vkSj o`f'pd jkf'k dh gSA rqyk

yXu esa tUe ysus okys tkrd vkSj tkfrdk O;olk; esa fuiq.k gksrs gSa] /kuh gksrs gSa] ;'kLoh] ijksidkjh] ?kweus&fQjus dh 'kkSdhu gksrs gSaA o`f'pd jkf'k okys cqf)eku] ys[ku {kerk esa fuiq.k] ifjJeh] lkglh] rkuk'kkgh vkSj Li"V oknh gksrs gSaA tkfrdk esa ;g lkjs xq.k fo|eku gksaxAs larku ;ksx tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iape Hkko esa dqaHk jkf'k gS tks fd ok;q rRo jkf'k gSA iapes'k 'kfu gS tks fd dqaMyh ds r`rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj iape Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA iape esa jkgq fLFkr gSA 'kfu viuh lIre –f"V ls uoe Hkko ls laca/k cuk jgs gSa vkSj viuh nloha –f"V ls }kn'k Hkko ls laca/k cuk jgk gSA larku dkjd xq# lIre Hkko esa vius fe= eaxy dh jkf'k esa fLFkr gSA ogka ls og yXu dks –"V dj jgk gSA iape –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks –"V dj jgk gS vkSj viuh uoe –f"V ls iapes'k tks fd r`rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gSa dks –"V dj jgk gSA bl dqaMyh esa iapes'k vkSj larku dk dkjd xq# dk vkil esa –f"V laca/k cu jgk gSA vr% xq# dk iapes'k ds lkFk laca/k gksus dh otg ls tkfrdk dks larku dk ;ksx gS ijarq iape Hkko esa ok;q rRo jkf'k gksus ds lkFk ogka ij jkgq dh mifLFkfr dh otg ls tkfrdk dks larku dh çkfIr nsjh ls vkSj FkksM+h dfBukb;ksa ds lkFk gksxhA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa tkfrdk dh iape Hkko esa ddZ jkf'k gS tks fd ty rRo jkf'k gS ogka ij larku dkjd xq# fLFkr gS paæek uoe Hkko esa vius fe= eaxy ds ?kj esa fLFkr gS larku dkjd xq# tks fd iape Hkko esa fLFkr gS ogka ls og paæek dks viuh iape –f"V ls ns[k jgk gS iapes'k vkSj xq# dk laca/k bl dqaMyh esa cu jgk gS xq# viuh lIre –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj viuh uoe –f"V ls yXu dks ns[k jgk gS tks fd Lo;a mldh gh ehu jkf'k gSA bl dqaMyh esa tkfrdk dks larku çkfIr ds cgqr vPNs vkSj çcy ;ksx cu jgs gSaA egkn'kk] varnZ'kk vkSj çR;arj n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k tkfrdk dks 7 flracj 2015 esa iq= jRu dh çkfIr gqbZA ml le; 'kqØ dh egkn'kk py jgh FkhA cq/k dh varnZ'kk vkSj dsrq dh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA 'kqØ tkfrdk ds v"Ve Hkko esa Lojkf'k esa fLFkr gSA ogka ls viuh lIre –f"V ls dqVqac Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA 'kqØ yXus'k gS mlus v"Ve f}rh; vkSj yXu dks lfØ; fd;kA varnZ'kk ukFk cq/k tks fd ehu jkf'k esa NBs Hkko esa uhp voLFkk esa gSA }kn'k Hkko

41 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k dks ns[k jgk gSA tgka ij mldh Lo;a dh ewy f=dks.k jkf'k gSA cq/k HkkX;s'k Hkh gSa vr% cq/k us uoe Hkko dks NBs Hkko dks vkSj }kn'k Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA xkspj tkfrdk dks larku çkfIr ds le; 7 flracj 2015 esa xq# dk xkspj flag jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh daqMyh dk ,dkn'k Hkko gSA ogka ls xq# ijkØe Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA iape Hkko dks –f"V ns jgk Fkk vkSj lIre Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA xq# us eq[; Hkko iape dks vkSj ijkØe Hkko dks vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko dks tks dh bPNk iwfrZ dk Hkko gS lfØ; fd;kA ml le; 'kfu dk xkspj o`f'pd jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh daqMyh dk f}rh; Hkko gSA ogka ls 'kfu viuh rhljh –f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks lIre –f"V ls v"Ve Hkko dks vkSj n'ke –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks –"V dj jgk FkkA f}rh; vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko larku çkfIr dk eq[; Hkko gSA 'kfu us budks lfØ; fd;kA eaxy dk xkspj ddZ jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk n'ke Hkko gSA eaxy us ogka ls prqFkZ –f"V ls yXu dks lfØ; fd;kA v"Ve –f"V ls iape dks –f"V nsdj mldks lfØ; fd;kA lIre –f"V ls prqFkZ dks ns[kkA paæek dk xkspj ml le; feFkqu jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk uoe Hkko gS vkSj ogka ls paæek us ijkØe Hkko dks lIre –f"V ls ns[kkA bl çdkj bu xzgksa us eq[; Hkko tks fd f}rh;] r`rh;] iape] uoe vkSj ,dkn'k vkSj yXu gS mudks lfØ; fd;k vkSj tkfrdk dks larku çkfIr esa lg;ksx fd;kA dqaMyh 18 % 5 tuojh 1973] 10%05] HkhyokM+k] jktLFkku yXu dqaMyh 1

12 11 2 'k-

3 ds-

lIreka'k dqaMyh 9 lw-pa-cq8 xq-jk

ea-'kq7

5 4

lw-'k2 1 xq-jk 3 pa4 ea-

11 12

larku ;ksx tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iape Hkko esa feFkqu jkf'k gS tks fd ,d fu"Qy jkf'k gS mldk Lokeh cq/k ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj lIre –f"V ls vius gh iape Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA dku dkjd c`gLifr ,dkn'k Hkko esa iapes'k ds lkFk ;qfr laca/k esa gS vkSj iape dks ns[k jgk gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa dkjd c`gLifr dh fLFkfr cgqr vPNh gSaA vr% ge dg ldrs gSa fd tkfrdk dks vPNs larku ;ksx gSaA yXu esa 'kfu prqFkZ Hkko esa viuh fe= jkf'k esa fLFkr gksdj viuh n'ke –f"V ls yXu dks –"V dj jgk gSA tkfrdk dk yXu Hkh cgqr cyoku gSA tkfrdk dk iapes'k tks fd dkjd c`gLifr ds lkFk fLFkr gksus dh otg ls larku dh ;ksx cuk jgk gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa ns[ksa rks iapes'k paæek gS tks fd prqFkZ Hkko esa fojkteku gSA iape esa ty rRo jkf'k gksus ds dkj.k tkfrdk dks xHkZ/kkj.k esa dksbZ ijs'kkuh ugha gksxhA dkjd xq# r`rh; Hkko esa fLFkr gS vkSj viuh lIre –f"V ls uoe Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj viuh uoe –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA yXus'k Hkh lIreka'k dqaMyh esa xq# gSA lIreka'k esa Hkh tkfrdk dks larku ds ;ksx paæek dh otg ls cu jgs gSaA D;ksafd paæek iapes'k gS ijarq iape esa eaxy gksus ds dkj.k tkfrdk dks larku çkfIr esa ck/kk,a vk,axhA xHkZikr gksus dh laHkkouk jgsxhA egkn'kk] varnZ'kk vkSj çR;arj n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k çFke larku

10 cq-

9 6

jkf'k ds xq.k tSls n;kyq] rhoz Lej.k 'kfä] /kS;Z] ,dkxzrk] ladksph] lnk lrdZ jgus okyh vkfn xq.k fo|eku gksaxAs

8 'kq-ds

tkfrdk dk tUe dqaHkyXu vkSj /kuq jkf'k esa gqvk gSA tkfrdk dk papy] rstLoh] ckrwuh] vgadkjh] b";kZyw vkSj lq'khy gksxhA tkfrdk dh jkf'k /kuq gS vr% tkfrdk esa èkuq

tkfrdk dks çFke larku dh çkfIr 26 twu 1996 esa gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks jkgq dh egkn'kk esa jkgq dh varnZ'kk vkSj xq# dh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa jkgq vkSj c`gLifr ;qfr cukdj ,dkn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gSA jkgq larku dkjd xq# ds lkFk gSa vkSj ogka ls nksuksa xzg iape dks –"V dj jgs gSaA nksuksa xzg viuh ikapoh –f"V ls ijkØe Hkko dks ns[k jgs gSaA lIre –f"V ls iape Hkko dks ns[k jgs gSa vkSj uoe –f"V ls lIre Hkko dks ns[k jgs gSaA nksuksa xzgksa us ;g Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA c`gLifr tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa dqVqac Hkko dk Lokeh Hkh gSA mlus ml Hkko dks Hkh tkx`r fd;kA bl çdkj larku çkfIr ds eq[; Hkko f}rh;] r`rh;] iape vkSj ,dkn'k lfØ; gq,A

42 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k xkspj

xkspj

tkfrdk dks çFke larku ds tUe ds le; c`gLifr dk xkspj /kuq jkf'k esa py jgk FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk ,dkn'k Hkko gSA ogka ls xq# us iape –f"V ls r`rh; Hkko dks ns[kkA lIre –f"V ls iape Hkko dks –f"V nh vkSj uoe –f"V ls lIre Hkko dks –"V fd;kA bl çdkj xq# us larku çkfIr ds eq[; Hkko r`rh; ,dkn'k vkSj iape dks lfØ; fd;kA 'kfu dk xkspj ml le; ehu jkf'k esa FkkA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk f}rh; Hkko gSA 'kfu us f}rh; Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA viuh r`rh; –f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[kkA viuh lIre –f"V ls v"Ve Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj viuh n'ke –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[kkA bl çdkj 'kfu us Hkh larku çkfIr ds eq[; Hkko f}rh; ,dkn'k vkSj v"Ve dks lfØ; fd;kA xkspj esa eaxy ml le; o`"k jkf'k ij py jgk FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk prqFkZ Hkko gS ogka f'ko&eaxy us pkSFkh –f"V ls lIre Hkko dks ns[kkA v"Ve –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[kkA bl çdkj eaxy us Hkh ,dkn'k Hkko dks tks dh bPNk iwfrZ dk Hkko gS] dks lfØ; fd;kA paæek dk xkspj ml le; rqyk jkf'k ij py jgk FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk uoe Hkko gSA ogka ls paæek us lIre –f"V ls r`rh; Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj f}rh; Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA bl çdkj xq#] 'kfu] eaxy vkSj paæek xkspj esa viuk lg;ksx fn;kA

f}rh; larku ds le; 31 ekpZ 2001 dks c`gLifr dk xkspj o`"kHk jkf'k esa FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk prqFkZ Hkko gSA c`gLifr us viuh iape –f"V ls v"Ve Hkko dks ns[kkA lIre –f"V ls n'ke Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj uoe –f"V ls }kn'k Hkko dks ns[kkA bl çdkj c`gLifr us xkspj esa v"Ve vkSj }kn'k ls laca/k cuk;kA tkfrdk dks larku çkfIr esa cgqr d"V mBkus iM+As v‚ijs'ku ls cPps dh çkfIr gqbZA 'kfu dk xkspj ml le; xq# ds lkFk o`"kHk jkf'k esa py jgk FkkA ogka ls 'kfu us r`rh; –f"V ls NBs Hkko dks ns[kkA lIre –f"V ls n'ke Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj n'ke –f"V ls yXu dks ns[kkA

f}rh; larku tkfrdk dks f}rh; larku dh çkfIr 31 ekpZ 2001 esa gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks jkgq dh egkn'kk py jgh FkhA 'kfu dh varnZ'kk vkSj 'kfu dh gh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA jkgq tkfrdk ds dqaMyh esa ,dkn'k Hkko esa iapes'k vkSj larku dkjd xq# nksuksa ds lkFk ;qfr laca/k esa gS vkSj iape –f"V ls r`rh; Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA lIre –f"V ls iape dks ns[krk gS vkSj uoe –f"V ls lIre Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA vr% jkgq us bu Hkkoksa dks egkn'kk ds nkSjku lfØ; fd;kA 'kfu dh varnZ'kk py jgh FkhA 'kfu tkfrdk ds prqFkZ Hkko esa fLFkr gksdj r`rh; –f"V ls NBs Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA lIre –f"V ls n'ke Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj n'ke –f"V ls yXu dks ns[k jgk gSA 'kfu yXus'k Hkh gS] mlus NVk] lkroka] 10 oka vkSj yXu dks lfØ; fd;kA bl çdkj jkgq vkSj 'kfu us larku çkfIr ds eq[; Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;k vkSj ml le; tkfrdk dks larku çkfIr ds ;ksx cus vkSj iq= jRu dh çkfIr gqbZA

bl çdkj 'kfu us bu Hkkoksa dks ns[kk vkSj mudks lfØ; fd;kA yXu larku çkfIr ds fy, eq[; Hkko gS vkSj yXus'k 'kfu gSA eaxy dk xkspj o`f'pd jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk n'ke Hkko gSA eaxy us ogka ls prqFkZ –f"V ls yXu dks ns[kkA ftldks 'kfu Hkh ns[k jgk FkkA lIre –f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[kk tgka ij 'kfu xkspj dj jgk Fkk vkSj v"Ve –f"V ls iape Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj mldks lfØ; fd;k tks fd larku çkfIr ds fy, ,d eq[; Hkko gSA bl çdkj eaxy us 'kfu ls yXu vkSj prqFkZ esa –f"V laca/k cuk;kA paæek ml le; xkspj esa feFkqu jkf'k ij py jgk FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dk iape Hkko gS vkSj ftldks eaxy Hkh –"V dj jgk Fkk vkSj lIre Hkko ls paæek us ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj mldks Hkh lfØ; fd;kA bl çdkj xkspj lVhd lkfcr gqvkA c`gLifr] paæek] 'kfu]vkSj eaxy esa mu&mu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;k tks fd larku çkfIr dh eq[; Hkko gSA bl çdkj xkspj esa viuk lg;ksx fn;kA dqaMyh 19 % 27 tuojh 1978] 02%30] f'koxat] jktLFkku yXu dqaMyh 7

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lIreka'k dqaMyh 6 jk-

5 pa-'k3 xq-

4 ea-

xq-jk3

6 'k-

1 2 cq-

11 ea10

8 7 lw-pa-'kq-

9 ds-

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k tkfrdk dk yXu o`f'pd gS vkSj jkf'k flag gS] o`f'pd yXu esa tUe ysus okys tkrd vkSj tkfrdk 'kwjohj] xq.koku]dVq LoHkko okys] Øks/kh] fopkj'khy] nwljs ds eu dh ckr dks tkuus okys vkSj tklwl gksrs gSaA tkfrdk dh jkf'k flag gS vr% tkfrdk esa flag jkf'k ds xq.k Hkh fo|eku gksaxAs tSls Li"Voknh] n;kyq] lkglh] vgadkjh] çcy vkRefo'okl] vkd"kZd O;fäRo okyh gksxhA larku ;ksx tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa iape Hkko esa ty rRo jkf'k gS ftldk Lokeh dkjd c`gLifr daqMyh ds v"Ve Hkko esa fucZy voLFkk esa gSA tkfrdk dk yXu o`f'pd gS vkSj yXus'k eaxy tkfrdk dh dqaMyh ds uoe Hkko esa viuh fe= jkf'k esa fLFkr gSA iapes'k xq# v"Ve Hkko ls }kn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA lIre –f"V ls f}rh; Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj uoe –f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA iape esa dsrq fo|eku gS tks fd yXus'k dks iape –f"V ls –"V dj jgk gSA iape esa cSBk dsrq viuh lIre –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj uoe –f"V ls yXu dks Hkh ns[k jgk gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa uoes'k paæek viuh fe= flag jkf'k esa n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa dkjd xq# dh fLFkfr fucZy gS ijarq yXus'k dh fLFkfr vPNh gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa ns[ksa rks iapes'k cq/k gS tks fd yXu esa viuh fe= jkf'k esa fLFkr gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa larku dkjd xq# dqVqac Hkko esa fLFkr gS ogka ls v"Ve dks ns[k jgk gS] NBs Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj n'ke Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa iapes'k dh fLFkfr vPNh gSA nksuksa gh dqaMfy;ksa esa larku dkjd xq# dh fLFkfr bruh vPNh ugha gSA ijarq iapes'k dh fLFkfr vPNh gS vkSj uoes'k dh fLFkfr vPNh gSA yXus'k dh fLFkfr tUedqaMyh esa vPNh gksus ds dkj.k larku çkfIr ds ;ksx cusaxs ijarq larku çkfIr ds le; tkfrdk dks cgqr d"V vkSj ijs'kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gSA egkn'kk] varnZ'kk vkSj çR;arj n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k tkfrdk dks larku dh çkfIr 17 Qjojh 2002 esa gqbZ ml le; tkfrdk dks lw;Z dh egkn'kk esa 'kfu dh varnZ'kk vkSj dh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA egkn'kk ukFk lw;Z tkfrdk ds ijkØe Hkko esa fLFkr gS ogka ls og uoe Hkko

dks –"V dj jgk gS vkSj mldk laca/k yXus'k eaxy ls cu jgk gSA 'kfu tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa n'ke Hkko esa HkkX;s'k ds lkFk flag jkf'k esa fLFkr gSA n'ke Hkko esa lw;Z dh jkf'k gksus ds dkj.k ;g Hkko lfØ; gSa vkSj ogka ij varnZ'kk ukFk Hkh fLFkr gSA ogka ls 'kfu viuh rhljh –f"V ls } kn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA viuh lIre –f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj viuh n'ke –f"V ls lIre Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA egkn'kk ukFk lw;Z us r`rh; Hkko lIre Hkko vkSj n'ke Hkko dks lfØ; fd;k vkSj varnZ'kk ukFk 'kfu us Hkh n'ke Hkko] }kn'k Hkko] prqFkZ Hkko vkSj lIre Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA çR;arj n'kk dsrq Fkk tks fd iape Hkko esa gh fLFkr gS vkSj mlus iape Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA ogka ls mlus iape –f"V ls uoe Hkko dks ns[kkA lIre –f"V ls bPNkiwfrZ ds Hkko ,dkn'k dks ns[kk vkSj uoe –f"V ls yXu dks ns[kkA bl çdkj çR;arj n'kk esa Hkh viuk lg;ksx fd;kA tkfrdk dks bl egkn'kk] varnZ'kk] çR;arj n'kk esa iq= jRu dh çkfIr gbZA xkspj 17 Qjojh 2002 esa larku çkfIr ds le; xkspj esa c`gLifr feFkqu jkf'k esa py jgk FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk v"Ve Hkko gSA paæek ls c`gLifr dk xkspj r`rh; Fkk tks fd ijkØe dks n'kkZrk gSA c`gLifr us v"Ve Hkko ls viuh iape –f"V ls }kn'k Hkko dks ns[kkA lIre –f"V ls mlus f}rh; Hkko dks ns[kdj lfØ; fd;k] tks fd larku çkfIr dk eq[; Hkko gS vkSj uoe –f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[kkA 'kfu dk xkspj ml le; o`"kHk jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk lIre Hkko gSA ogka ls 'kfu us r`rh; –f"V ls uoe Hkko dks ns[kkA lIre –f"V ls yXu dks lfØ; fd;k vkSj n'ke –f"V ls mlus Hkh prqFkZ Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA eaxy dk xkspj ehu jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk iape Hkko gSA larku çkfIr dk lcls eq[; Hkko gS mldks eaxy us lfØ; fd;k gqvk FkkA ogka ls eaxy us viuh prqFkZ –f"V ls v"Ve dks ns[kkA lIre –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj v"Ve –f"V ls }kn'k Hkko dks ns[kkA tkfrdk dks iq= jRu dh çkfIr v‚ijs'ku ds }kjk gqbZ vkSj tkfrdk dks 'kkjhfjd d"V Hkh mBkuk iM+kA paæek dk xkspj es"k jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk NBk Hkko gSA ogka ls paæek us }kn'k Hkko dks ns[kkA bl çdkj bu xzgksa us xkspj esa viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA

44 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k dqaMyh 20 % 19 flracj 1983] 13%00] lruk] e/;izns'k yXu dqaMyh pa11 10

12 1

7 'k-

6 lw3

2 jk-

egkn'kk varnZ'kk vkSj çR;arj n'kk }kjk larku dk dky fu/kkZj.k

lIreka'k dqaMyh

xq-ds8

4 ea-'kq-

5 cq-

11 12 lw- 1 2 jk-

10 pa-cq 4 ea-xq-'kq-

'k9

jkf'k esa cu jgk gSA

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7 6 5

tkfrdk dk yXu /kuq vkSj jkf'k edj gSA /kuq yXu ds tkrd vkSj tkfrdk dk;Z djus esa dq'ky] czkã.k vkSj nsorkvksa dh Hkä] Kkuoku] lR; fç;] cqf)eku] lqanj] ijkØeh] ys[kd] dfo] /kuh vkSj ,s'o;Zoku gksrs gSaA tkfrdk dh jkf'k edj gS] tkfrdk vkRefuHkZj] esgurh] bZekunkj gksxhA larku ;ksx tkfrdk dh iape Hkko esa es"k jkf'k gSA iapes'k eaxy tkfrdk dqaMyh ds v"Ve Hkko esa viuh fe= jkf'k paæek ds Hkko esa NBs Hkko dh vkSj 11oha Hkko ds Lokeh 'kqØ ds lkFk fLFkr gSA larku dkjd xq# tks fd yXus'k gS 12oha Hkko esa viuh fe= jkf'k eaxy ds Hkko esa fLFkr gSA }kn'k Hkko esa cSBk yXus'k tks fd larku dkjd xq# gSA viuh iape –f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA lIre –f"V ls NBs Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj viuh uoe –f"V ls v"Ve Hkko esa cSBs iapes'k dks ns[k jgk gSA bl daqMyh esa HkkX; lw;Z gS tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh ds n'ke Hkko esa fLFkr gSA bl daqMyh esa eaxy dk iapes'k gksdj v"Ve esa fLFkr gksuk vkSj xq# dh uoe –f"V iapes'oj gksuk tkfrdk dks larku ;ksx cuk jgk gSA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa larku ;ksx larku dkjd xq# dk iapes'k ds lkFk laca/k gksus dh otg ls cu jgk gSA v"Ve esa cSBs iapes'k dks mldk Lokeh xzg paæek f}rh; Hkko esa cSBdj –"V dj jgk gSA lIreka'k dqaMyh esa tkfrdk dk iapes'k 'kqØ gSA tks fd lIre Hkko esa dkjd xq# ds lkFk ;qfr laca/k esa gSA ogka ij fLFkr gksdj nksuksa xzg yXu dks ns[k jgs gSaA xq# viuh iape –f"V ls ,dkn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk gS vkSj viuh uoe –f"V ls ijkØe Hkko dks ns[k jgk gSA iapes'k 'kqØ yXu dks ns[k jgk gSA yXus'k 'kfu viuh fe= jkf'k /kuq esa nokn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gS lIreka'k dqaMyh esa Hkh tkfrdk dk larku ;ksx blfy, cu jgk gS D;ksafd iapes'k dk laca/k dkjd xq# ds lkFk mldh fe=

çFke larku tkfrdk dks çFke larku dh çkfIr 10 fnlacj 2012 esa gqbZA ml le; tkfrdk dks xq# dh egkn'kk] dsrq dh varnZ'kk vkSj jkgq dh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa xq# yXus'k gksdj dsrq ds lkFk }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gSA vkSj NBs Hkko esa cSBs jkgq dks ns[k jgk gSA vr% egkn'kk] varnZ'kk vkSj çR;arj n'kk esa –f"V laca/k vkSj ;qfr laca/k cu jgk gSA blfy, bu n'kkvksa esa tkfrdk dks larku dh çkfIr gqbZA xkspj tkfrdk dks çFke larku dh çkfIr 10 fnlacj 2012 esa gqbZ FkhA ml le; c`gLifr dk xkspj o`"kHk jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh daqMyh dk NBk Hkko gSA ogka ls c`gLifr viuh iape –f"V ls n'ke Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA lIre –f"V ls }kn'k Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj uoe –f"V ls dqVqac Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA tks fd larku çkfIr dk eq[; Hkko ekuk tkrk gSA 'kfu dk xkspj rqyk jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk ,dkn'k Hkko gSA ogka ls 'kfu rhljh –f"V ls yXu Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA lIre –f"V ls iape dks ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj n'ke –f"V ls v"Ve Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA 'kfu us Hkh xkspj esa eq[; Hkko iape dks vkSj bPNk iwfrZ ds Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA ml le; eaxy dk xkspj /kuq jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk yXu Hkko gSA eaxy us ogka ls pkSFkh –f"V ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[kkA lIre –f"V ls lIre Hkko dks ns[kk vkSj v"Ve –f"V ls v"Ve Hkko dks ns[kkA vr% tfrdk dks v‚ijs'ku ls iq=h jRu dh çkfIr gqbZA eaxy esa bu Hkkoksa dks lfØ; fd;kA ml le; paæek dk xkspj rqyk jkf'k esa Fkk tgka ij 'kfu Hkh xkspj dj jgk FkkA ogka ls paæek Hkh iape dks ns[k jgk FkkA bl çdkj iape tks fd ,d egRoiw.kZ larku çkfIr dk Hkko gS] iw.kZ rjg xkspj esa lfØ; FkkA f}rh; larku tkfrdk dks f}rh; larku dh çkfIr 3 vDVwcj 2014 esa gqbZ ml le; tkfrdk dks xq# dh egkn'kk esa 'kqØ dh varnZ'kk vkSj xq# dh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA xq# tks fd larku

45 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL 'kks/k dkjd gS tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa }kn'k Hkko esa fLFkr gS ogka ls xq# NBs Hkko dks] prqFkZ Hkko dks vkSj v"Ve Hkko dks –"V dj jgk gSA egkn'kk esa xq# us bu Hkkoksa ds lkFk&lkFk yXu vkSj prqFkZ Hkko dks Hkh lfØ; fd;k D;ksafd xq# yXus'k gS vkSj prqFkZ dk Hkh Lokeh gSA tkfrdk dk yXu Hkko lfØ; gqvk tks fd eq[; Hkko gSA tkfrdk dks 'kqØ dh çR;arj n'kk py jgh FkhA 'kqØ tkfrdk dh dqaMyh esa NBs Hkko dk Lokeh vkSj ,dkn'k Hkko dk Lokeh gksdj v"Ve Hkko esa fLFkr gSA ogka ls 'kqØ f}rh; Hkko dks Hkh ns[k jgk gS vkSj 'kqØ dh ;qfr iapes'k eaxy ds lkFk Hkh gSA vr% 'kqØ dh çR;arj n'kk us tkfrdk dh f}rh; Hkko] iape Hkko] v"Ve Hkko vkSj }kn'k Hkko dks lfØ; fd;k] D;ksafd }kn'k Hkko esa Hkh iapes'k dh jkf'k o`f'pd gSA iapes'k 'kqØ ds lkFk esa ;qfr gksus ds dkj.k lfØ; gvkA bl le; tkfrdk dks f}rh; iq=h jRu dh çkfIr gqbZA xkspj f}rh; larku ds le; tkfrdk dks xkspj esa c`gLifr ddZ jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk v"Ve Hkko gSA ogka ls c`gLifr }kn'k Hkko dks iape –f"V ls ns[k jgk FkkA lIre –f"V ls f}rh; Hkko dks ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj uoe –f"V

ls prqFkZ Hkko dks ns[k jgk FkkA c`gLifr us eq[; Hkko f}rh; dks ns[kk vkSj mldks lfØ; fd;kA 'kfu ml le; xkspj esa rqyk jkf'k esa py jgk FkkA tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk ,dkn'k Hkko gSA 'kfu ,dkn'k Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA ogka ls lIre –f"V ls iape Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA viuh rhljh –f"V mlus yXu dks nh vkSj yXu dks Hkh lfØ; fd;kA viuh n'ke –f"V ls mlus v"Ve dks ns[kk tgka ij xq# xkspj dj jgk FkkA bl çdkj 'kfu esa iape Hkko dks tks fd larku dk eq[; Hkko gS] dks lfØ; fd;kA eaxy dk xkspj ml le; o`f'pd jkf'k esa Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk }kn'k Hkko gSA ogka ls eaxy us viuh pkSFkh –f"V ls ijkØe Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA lIre –f"V ls NBs Hkko dks lfØ; fd;k vkSj v"Ve –f"V ls lIre Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA bl çdkj eaxy us eq[; Hkko r`rh; dks lfØ; fd;kA paæek dk xkspj edj jkf'k esa py jgk Fkk tks fd tkfrdk dh dqaMyh dk f}rh; Hkko gSA paæek us ogka ls v"Ve Hkko dks –f"V nhA tgka ij xq# dk xkspj gks jgk FkkA tkfrdk dks v‚ijs'ku ls larku dh çkfIr gqbZA paæek esa larku çkfIr ds f}rh; Hkko dks lfØ; fd;kA bl çdkj xkspj us larku çkfIr esa viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA

46 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL leh{kk

dqMa yh esa 12 Hkkoksa dk v/;;u MkW- fodk'knhi 'kekZ vkdk'k eaMy esa 12 jkf'k;ksa ds lkFk dqaMyh ds }kn'k Hkko Hkh gksrs gS A çR;sd Hkko dk viuk LFkku vksj malds tqM+h tkudkjh vkSj vusd ?kVukvksa dks n'kkZrk gSA Hkko dh jkf'k ds Lokeh dks Hkkos'k dgrs gS A dqaMyh dk igyk ?kj T;ksfr"k esa dqaMyh ds igys ?kj dks yXu Hkko vFkok yXu Hkh dgk tkrk gS rFkk Hkkjrh; oSfnd T;ksfr"k ds vuqlkj bls dqaMyh ds ckjg ?kjksa esa lcls egÙoiw.kZ ?kj ekuk tkrk gSA fdlh Hkh O;fä fo'ks"k ds tUe ds le; mlds tUe LFkku ij vkdk'k esa mfnr jkf'k dks ml O;fä dk yXu ekuk tkrk gS rFkk bl jkf'k vFkkZr yXu vFkok yXu jkf'k dks ml O;fä dh dqaMyh cukrs le; igys ?kj esa LFkku fn;k tkrk gS rFkk blds ckn vkus okyh jkf'k;ksa dks dqaMyh esa Øe'k% nwljs] rhljs &&& ckjgosa ?kj esa LFkku fn;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij ;fn fdlh O;fä ds tUe ds le; vkdk'keaMy esa es"k jkf'k dk mn; gks jgk gS rks es"k jkf'k ml O;fä dk yXu dgyk,xh rFkk bls ml O;fä dh tUe dqaMyh ds igys ?kj esa LFkku fn;k tk,xk rFkk es"k jkf'k ds ckn vkus okyh jkf'k;ksa dks o`"k ls ysdj ehu rd Øe'k: nwljs ls ysdj ckjgosa ?kj esa LFkku fn;k tk,xkA fdlh Hkh dqaMyh esa yXu LFkku vFkok igys ?kj dk egÙo lcls vfèkd gksrk gS rFkk dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou ds yxHkx lHkh egÙoiw.kZ {ks=ksa esa bl ?kj dk çHkko ik;k tkrk gSA dqaMyh èkkjd ds LoHkko rFkk pfj= ds ckjs esa tkuus ds fy, igyk ?kj fo'ks"k egÙo j[krk gS rFkk bl ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd dh vk;q] LokLF;] O;olk;] lkekftd çfr"Bk rFkk vU; dbZ egÙoiw.kZ {ks=ksa ds ckjs esa irk pyrk gSA dqaMyh dk igyk ?kj dksa dsUæ Hkko Hkh dgrs gS A bl Hkko ls 'kjhj ds vaxksa esa flj] efLr"d rFkk blds vkl&ikl ds fgLlksa dks n'kkZrk gS rFkk bl ?kj ij fdlh Hkh cqjs xzg dk çHkko 'kjhj ds bu vaxksa ls lacafèkr jksxksa] pksVksa vFkok ijs'kkfu;ksa dk dkj.k cu ldrk gSA igys ?kj ls O;fä ds oSokfgd thou] lq[kksa ds Hkksx] ckSf)d Lrj] ekufld fodkl] LoHkko dh dkseyrk vFkok dBksjrk rFkk vU; cgqr lkjs fo"k;ksa ds ckjs esa Hkh tkudkjh çkIr

gksrh gSA igyk ?kj O;fä ds LokfHkeku rFkk vgadkj dh lhek Hkh n'kkZrk gSA dqaMyh ds igys ?kj ij ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou ds yxHkx fdlh Hkh {ks= esa leL;k dk dkj.k cu ldrk gS rFkk dqaMyh ds igys ?kj ij ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd vPNs xzgksa dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou ds fdlh Hkh {ks= esa cM+h lQyrkvksa] miyfCèk;ksa rFkk [kqf'k;ksa dk dkj.k cu ldrk gSA bl fy, fdlh Hkh O;fä dh dqaMyh ns[krs le; mldh dqaMyh ds igys ?kj rFkk mlls tqM+s leLr rF;ksa ij cgqr gh è;kuiwoZd fopkj djuk pkfg,A dqaMyh dk nwljk ?kj dqaMyh esa nwljk Hkko psgjs ls lEcUèk j[krk gSA blh Hkko ls psgjs dh ifgpku ns[kh tkrh gSA ysfdu psgjs dh ifgpku ds fy;s X;kjgok Hkko vkSj iUpe Hkko Hkh ftEesnkj ekus tk ldrs gSA X;kjgosa Hkko ls firk dh 'kDy vkSj iape Hkko ls ekrk dh 'kDy ds vuq:i psgjs dh ifgpku ekuh tk ldrh gSA blh çdkj ls vxj bu nksuks Hkkoksa ds Lokeh lcy gS rks ifgpku feyh tqyh Hkh ekuh tk ldrh gSA èku ds fy;s Hkh tks uxn :i ls tkrd ds ikl gksrk gS] mldh x.kuk vkSj mifLFkfr Hkh blh Hkko ls dh tkrh gS] blds fy;s X;kjgoka Hkko yxkrkj fn;s tkus okys ykHk ds fy;s vkSj iape Hkko cqf) ls çkIr fd;s x;s èku ds fy;s ekuk tkrk gS]cqf) ls èku dekus ds fy;s Hkh nwljs Hkko dk dkj.k èku dk èku ls dk;Z djus ds fy;s ekuk tkrk gSA X;kjgos Hkko dk dkj.k Hkh ykHk dks ykHk ds fy;s [kpZ fd;k tkuk ekuk tkrk gSA tSlk ykHk gksxk oSlh gh èku dh fLFkfr gksxh ;g Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gSA vDlj èku Hkko dks ns[kus okys eq[; Hkkoksa esa NBk Hkko vkSj nlok Hkko eq[; ekuk tkrk gS]nwljk Hkko rhljs Hkko ls çkIr djrk gS vkSj yxu dks nsrk gSA blds fy;s vDlj vkius ns[kk gksxk fd rhljk Hkko 'kjhj ds çn'kZu ls ns[kk tkrk gS]vkSj yxu dks 'kjhj ds çfr ekuk tkrk gSA rhljs Hkko ds xzgksa esa jkgq dsrq ls çkIr ugh fd;k tk ldrk gS cfYd os ctk; nsus ds ysus ds fy;s ekus tkrs gSA vDlj ns[kk gksxk fd yksx >wB cksydj ;k fdlh çdkj dk cMk yksHk nsdj èku

47 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL leh{kk dks ysrs gS mudh dqaMyh esa rhljs Hkko es t:j jkgq dsrq dk vlj gksrk gSA yxu es jkgq dsrq ds fy;s Hkh ;gh ekuk tkrk gS fd os tc tkrd ij esgjcku gksrs gS rks ctk; èku ysus ds 'kjhj ls gh èku dh c<ksÙkjh djus yxrs gS] vkSj ckgj ls vpkud lgk;rk;s feyuh 'kq# gks tkrh gSdqaMyh ds nwljs ?kj dks Hkkjrh; oSfnd T;ksfr"k esa èku LFkku dgk tkrk gS rFkk fdlh Hkh O;fä dh dqaMyh esa bl ?kj dk viuk ,d fo'ks"k egÙo gksrk gSA blfy, fdlh dqaMyh dks ns[krs le; bl ?kj dk vè;;u cM+s è;ku ls djuk pkfg,A dqaMyh dk nwljk ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd ds }kjk vius thou dky esa lafpr fd, tkus okys èku ds ckjs esa crkrk gS rFkk blds vfrfjä ;g ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd ds }kjk lafpr fd, tkus okys lksuk] pkanh] ghjs&tokgjkr rFkk blh çdkj ds vU; cgqewY; inkFkksaZ ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gSA fdUrq dqaMyh dk nwljk ?kj dsoy èku rFkk vU; cgqewY; inkFkksaZ rd gh lhfer ugha gS rFkk bl ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou ds vkSj Hkh cgqr ls {ks=ksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh feyrh gSA dqaMyh dk nwljk ?k O;fä ds cpiu ds le; ifjokj esa gqbZ mldh ijofj'k rFkk mldh ewyHkwr f'k{kk ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gSA dqaMyh ds nwljs ?kj ds etcwr rFkk cqjs xzgksa dh –f"V ls jfgr gksus dh fLFkfr esa dqaMyh èkkjd dh ckY;dky esa çkIr gksus okyh f'k{kk vke rkSj ij vPNh jgrh gSA fdlh Hkh O;fä ds ckY; dky esa gksus okyh ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa tkuus ds fy, bl ?kj dk è;kuiwoZd vè;;u djuk vko';d gSA dqaMyh ds nwljs ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd dh [kkus&ihus ls lacafèkr vknrksa dk Hkh irk pyrk gSA fdlh O;fä dh dqaMyh ds nwljs ?kj ij udkjkRed 'kfu dk cqjk çHkko ml O;fä dks vfèkd 'kjkc ihus dh yr yxk ldrk gS rFkk nwljs ?kj ij udkjkRed jkgq dk cqjk çHkko O;fä dks flxjsV rFkk pjl] xkatk tSls u'kksa dh yr yxk ldrk gSA dqaMyh dk nwljk ?kj O;fä ds oSokfgd thou ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gS rFkk bl ?kj ls fo'ks"k :i ls oSokfgd thou dh ikfjokfjd lQyrk ;k vlQyrk rFkk dqVqEc ds lkFk fj'rksa rFkk fuokZg dk irk pyrk gSA gkykafd dqaMyh dk nwljk ?kj lhèks rkSj ij O;fä ds fookg gksus dk le; ugha crkrk fdUrq 'kknh gks tkus ds ckn mlds Bhd çdkj ls pyus ;k u pyus ds ckjs esa bl ?kj ls Hkh irk pyrk gSA dqaMyh ds blh ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd ds oSokfgd thou

esa vyxko vFkok rykd tSlh ?kVukvksa dk vkadyu Hkh fd;k tkrk gS rFkk O;fä ds nwljs fookg ds ;ksx ns[krs le; Hkh dqaMyh ds bl ?kj dks cgqr egÙo fn;k tkrk gSA bl çdkj çR;sd O;fä ds oSokfgd thou ls tqM+s dbZ egÙoiw.kZ i{kksa ds ckjs esa dqaMyh ds nwljs ?kj ls tkudkjh çkIr gksrh gSA dqaMyh dk nwljk ?kj èkkjd dh ok.kh rFkk mlds ckrphr djus ds dkS'ky ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gSA 'kjhj ds vaxksa esa ;g ?kj psgjs rFkk psgjs ij mifLFkr vaxksa dks n'kkZrk gS rFkk dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ij ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko gksus dh fLFkfr esa dqaMyh èkkjd dks 'kjhj ds bu vaxksa ls lacafèkr pksVksa vFkok chekfj;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gSA dqaMyh dk nwljk ?kj èkkjd dh lquus] cksyus rFkk ns[kus dh {kerk dks Hkh n'kkZrk gS rFkk bu lHkh ds Bhd çdkj ls dke djus ds fy, dqaMyh ds bl ?kj dk etcwr gksuk vko';d gSA dqaMyh ds nwljs ?kj ls èkkjd ds èku dekus dh {kerk rFkk mldh vpy lEifÙk;ksa tSls fd lksuk] pkanh] udn èku rFkk vU; cgqewY; inkFkksaZ ds ckjs esa Hkh irk pyrk gSA dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ij fdUgh fo'ks"k cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks thou Hkj dtkZ mBkrs jgus ij etcwj dj ldrk gS rFkk dbZ ckj ;g dtkZ O;fä dh e`R;q rd Hkh ugha mrj ikrkA dqaMyh dk rhljk ?kj dqaMyh ds rhljs ?kj dks oSfnd T;ksfr"k esa caèkq Hkko dgk tkrk gS rFkk tSlk fd bl ?kj ds uke ls gh Li"V gS] dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd ds vius HkkbZ&caèkqvksa] nksLrksa] lgdfeZ;ksa rFkk iM+ksfl;ksa ds lkFk lacèkksa dk irk pyrk gSA fdlh O;fä ds thou dky esa mlds HkkbZ;ksa rFkk nksLrksa ls gksus okys ykHk rFkk gkfu ds ckjs esa tkudkjh çkIr djus ds fy, dqaMyh ds bl ?kj dk è;kuiwoZd vè;;u djuk vko';d gSA ftu O;fä;ksa dh dqaMyh esa rhljk ?kj cyoku gksrk gS rFkk fdlh vPNs xzg ds çHkko esa gksrk gS] ,sls O;fä vius thou dky esa vius HkkbZ;ksa] nksLrksa rFkk leFkZdksa ds lg;ksx ls lQyrk;sa çkIr djrs gSaA tcfd nwljh vksj ftu O;fä;ksa dh tUe dqaMyh esa rhljs ?kj ij ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko gksrk gS] ,sls O;fä vius thou dky esa vius HkkbZ;ksa rFkk nksLrksa ds dkj.k ckj&ckj gkfu mBkrs gSa rFkk buds nksLr ;k HkkbZ buds lkFk cgqr t#jr ds le; ij fo'okl?kkr Hkh dj

48 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL leh{kk ldrs gSaA ,sls O;fä;ksa ds nksLr vke rkSj ij budh ihB ds ihNs budh cqjkbZ gh djrs gSaA 'kjhj ds vaxksa esa ;g ?kj daèkksa rFkk cktqvksa dks n'kkZrk gS rFkk fo'ks"k :i ls nk;sa daèks rFkk nk;sa cktw dksA blds vfrfjä ;g ?kj efLr"d ls lacafèkr dqN fgLlksa rFkk lkal ysus dh ç.kkyh dks Hkh n'kkZrk gS rFkk bl ?kj ij fdlh cqjs xzg dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks efLr"d lacafèkr jksxksa vFkok 'Olu lacafèkr jksxksa ls ihfM+r dj ldrk gSA blds vfrfjä rhljs ?kj ij fdlh cqjs xzg dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks daèks ;k cktw dh pksV ;k fQj ydok tSlh chekjh ls Hkh ihfM+r dj ldrk gSA dqaMyh dk rhljk ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd ds ijkdeZ dks Hkh n'kkZrk gS rFkk bflfy, dqaMyh ds bl Hkko dks ijkdeZ Hkko Hkh dgk tkrk gSA fdlh O;fä dh 'kkjhfjd esgur djus dh {kerk] 'kkjhfjd mtkZ ds cy ij [ksys tkus okys [ksyksa esa mldh #fp rFkk çxfr ns[kus ds fy, Hkh dqaMyh ds bl ?kj dk vè;;u vko';d gSA dqaMyh ds rhljs ?kj ls O;fä dh ckrphr djus dh dq'kyrk] fy[kus dh dyk rFkk yksxksa ds lkFk O;ogkj djus dh dyk dk Hkh irk pyrk gSA ftu O;fä;ksa dh tUe dqaMyh esa rhljk ?kj fdlh fo'ks"k vPNs xzg ds çHkko esa gksrk gS] ,sls O;fä vke rkSj ij tu O;ogkj esa cgqr dq'ky gksrs gSa rFkk ,sls gh dkeksa esa lQyrk çkIr djrs gSa ftuesa yksxksa ds lkFk ckrphr djus ds volj vfèkd ls vfèkd gksrs gSaA ,sls O;fä viuh ckrphr dh dq'kyrk ds pyrs vke rkSj ij eqf'dy ls eqf'dy dke Hkh ckrphr ds ekè;e ls lqy>k ysus esa l{ke gksrs gSA nwljh vksj dqaMyh ds rhljs ?kj ij fdUgha fo'ks"k cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko gksus dh fLFkfr esa dqaMyh èkkjd dk tu O;ogkj rFkk ckrphr dk dkS'ky bruk vPNk ugha gksrk rFkk ,sls yksx tu lapkj ls lacafèkr dk;ksaZ esa vke rkSj ij vfèkd lQy ugha gks ikrsA dqaMyh dk pkSFkk ?kj dqaMyh ds pkSFks ?kj dks Hkkjrh; oSfnd T;ksfr"k esa ekr` Hkko rFkk lq[k LFkku Hkh dgk tkrk gS rFkk tSls fd bl ?kj ds uke ls gh irk pyrk gS] ;g ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou esa ekrk dh vksj ls feyus okys ;ksxnku rFkk dqaMyh èkkjd ds }kjk fd, tkus okys lq[kksa ds Hkksx dks n'kkZrk gSA pkSFkk ?kj dqaMyh dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ ?kj gS rFkk fdlh Hkh cqjs xzg dk pkSFks ?kj vFkok pUæek ij cqjk çHkko dqaMyh esa ekr` nks"k cuk nsrk gSA fdlh O;fä ds thou esa mldh ekrk dh vksj

ls feys ;ksxnku rFkk çHkko dks ns[kus ds fy, rFkk ekrk ds lkFk lacaèk vkSj ekrk dk lq[k ns[kus ds fy, dqaMyh ds bl ?kj dk è;kuiwoZd vè;;u djuk vko';d gSA dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls fdlh O;fä ds cpiu esa mldh ekrk dh vksj ls feys lg;ksx rFkk mldh ewyHkwr f'k{kk ds ckjs esa Hkh irk pyrk gSA dqaMyh dk pkSFkk ?kj O;fä ds thou esa feyus okys lq[k] [kqf'k;ksa] lqfoèkkvksa] rFkk mlds ?kj ds vanj ds okrkoj.k vFkkZr ?kj ds vU; lnL;ksa ds lkFk mlds lacaèkksa dks Hkh n'kkZrk gSA fdlh O;fä ds thou esa okgu&lq[k] ukSdjksa&pkdjksa dk lq[k] mlds vius edku cuus ;k [kjhnus tSls Hkkoksa dks Hkh dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls ns[kk tkrk gSA dqaMyh esa pkSFks ?kj ds cyoku gksus ls rFkk fdlh vPNs xzg ds çHkko esa gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd dks vius thou dky esa vusd çdkj dh lq[k&lqfoèkkvksa rFkk ,s'o;ksaZ dk Hkksx djus dks feyrk gS rFkk mls cf<;k okguksa dk lq[k rFkk u, edku çkIr gksus dk lq[k Hkh feyrk gSA nwljh vksj dqaMyh ds pkSFks ?kj ds cyghu vFkok fdlh cqjs xzg ds çHkko esa gksus dh fLFkfr esa dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou dky esa mij crkbZ xbZa lq[k&lqfoèkkvksa dk vke rkSj ij vHkko gh jgrk gSA dqaMyh dk pkSFkk ?kj 'kjhj ds vaxksa esa Nkrh] QsQM+ksa] ân; rFkk blds vkl&ikl ds vaxksa dks n'kkZrk gS rFkk bl ?kj ij cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks Nkrh] QsQM+ksa rFkk ân; ls lacafèkr jksxksa ls ihfM+r dj ldrk gS rFkk blds vfrfjä dqaMyh èkkjd dh ekufld 'kkafr ij cqjk çHkko Mky ldrk gS vFkok dqaMyh èkkjd dks ekufld jksxksa ls ihfM+r Hkh dj ldrk gS D;ksafd dqaMyh dk pkSFkk ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd dh ekufld 'kkafr ls lhèks rkSj ij tqM+k gksrk gSA fdlh O;fä dh tehu&tk;nkn ds ckjs esa crkus ds fy, rFkk tehu&tk;nknksa ls lacafèkr O;olk;ksa esa mls gksus okys ykHk ;k gkfu ds ckjs esa tkuus ds fy, Hkh dqaMyh ds bl ?kj dks ns[kk tkrk gSA fdlh O;fä dks vius thou esa feyus okyh ekufld 'kkafr rFkk ?kj ds okrkoj.k ds ckjs esa Hkh ;g ?kj crkrk gSA dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ij fdUgh fo'ks"k xzgksa dk cqjk çHkko gksus dh fLFkfr esa dqaMyh èkkjd dks vius ?kj ds okrkoj.k esa ?kqVu vFkok vlqfoèkk dk vglkl gksrk gS rFkk ,sls yksx vke rkSj ij ?kj ls ckgj jgdj gh vfèkd 'kkafr dk vuqHko djrs gSA dqaMyh dk pkSFkk ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd ds vius fj'rsnkjksa ds lkFk lacaèkksa

49 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL leh{kk ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gS rFkk bl ?kj ij fdUgha fo'ks"k cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd ds vius fj'rsnkjksa ds lkFk lacaèkksa esa Hkh ruko vk ldrk gSA dqaMyh dk ik¡pok ?kj dqaMyh ds ik¡pos ?kj dks Hkkjrh; oSfnd T;ksfr"k esa lqr Hkko vFkok larku Hkko Hkh dgk tkrk gS rFkk vius uke ds vuqlkj gh dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj larku çkfIr ds ckjs esa crkrk gSA fdlh O;fä dh tUe dqaMyh ls mldh larku iSnk djus dh {kerk eq[; #i ls dqaMyh ds blh ?kj ls ns[kh tkrh gS] gkykafd dqaMyh ds dqN vkSj rF; Hkh bl fo"k; esa viuk egÙo j[krs gSA ;gka ij ;g ckr ?;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd dqaMyh dk ik¡pok ?kj dsoy larku dh mRifÙk ds ckjs esa crkrk gS rFkk larku ds iSnk gks tkus ds ckn O;fä ds viuh larku ls fj'rs vFkok larku ls çkIr gksus okyk lq[k dks dqaMyh ds dsoy blh ?kj dks ns[kdj ugha crk;k tk ldrk rFkk mlds fy, dqaMyh ds dqN vU; rF;ksa ij Hkh fopkj djuk iM+rk gSA dqaMyh dk ik¡pok ?kj cyoku gksus ls rFkk fdlh 'kqHk xzg ds çHkko esa gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd LoLFk larku iSnk djus esa iw.kZ #i ls l{ke gksrk gS rFkk ,sls O;fä dh larku vke rkSj ij LoLFk gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ekufld] 'kkjhfjd rFkk ckSfn~Hkd Lrj ij Hkh lkekU; ls vfèkd gksrh gS rFkk lekt esa viuh ,d vyx igpku cukus esa l{ke gksrh gSA nwljh vksj dqaMyh dk ik¡pok ?kj cyghu gksus dh fLFkfr esa vFkok bl ?kj ds fdlh cqjs xzg ds çHkko esa gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd dks larku dh mRifÙk esa leL;k,a vkrh gSa rFkk ,sls O;fä;ksa dks vke rkSj ij larku çkfIr nsj ls gksrh gS] ;k fQj dbZ ckj gksrh gh ughaA dqaMyh dk ik¡pok ?kj O;fä ds ekufld rFkk ckSf)d Lrj dks n'kkZrk gS rFkk mldh dYiuk 'kfä] Kku] mPp f'k{kk] rFkk ,sls Kku rFkk mPp f'k{kk ls çkIr gksus okys O;olk;] èku rFkk le`f) ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gSA dqaMyh ds ik¡pos ?kj ds cyoku gksus ls rFkk fdlh 'kqHk xzg ds çHkko esa gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd mPp Lrj dh f'k{kk çkIr djus esa l{ke gksrk gS rFkk vke rkSj ij bl f'k{kk ds vkèkkj ij vkxs tkdj mls thou esa O;olk; Hkh çkIr gks tkrk gS ftlls bl f'k{kk dh çkfIr lkFkZd gks tkrh gS tcfd dqaMyh ds ik¡pos ?kj ds cyghu gksus vFkok fdlh cqjs xzg ds çHkko esa gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd vke rkSj ij mPp f'k{kk çkIr ugha dj ikrk vFkok mls bl f'k{kk dks O;olk; esa ifjofrZr

djus dk mfpr volj ugha fey ikrkA dqaMyh dk ik¡pok ?kj dqMyh èkkjd ds çse&lacaèkksa ds ckjs esa] mlds iwoZ tUeksa ds ckjs esa rFkk mldh vkè;kfRed #fp;ksa rFkk vkè;kfRed çxfr ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gSA dqaMyh ds ik¡pos ?kj ij fdUgha fo'ks"k vPNs ;k cqjs xzgksa ds çHkko dk è;kuiwoZd vè;;u djus ij dqaMyh èkkjd ds iwoZ tUeksa esa lafpr fd, x, vPNs vFkok cqjs deksaZ ds ckjs esa Hkh irk py ldrk gS rFkk dqaMyh èkkjd dh vkè;fRed ;k=k dh mUufr ;k voufr dk Hkh irk py ldrk gSA dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou esa vkus okys çse&lacaèkksa ds ckjs tkuus ds fy, Hkh dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ij è;ku nsuk vko';d gS rFkk iwoZ tUeksa ls lacafèkr çse&lacaèk Hkh dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls tkus tk ldrs gSaA 'kjhj ds vaxksa esa dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj ftxj] fiÙkk'k;] vXU;k'k;] frYyh] jh< dh gìh rFkk vU; dqN vaxksa dks n'kkZrk gSA efgykvksa dh dqaMyh esa dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj çtuu vaxksa dks Hkh dqN gn rd n'kkZrk gS ftlls mudh çtuu djus dh {kerk dk irk pyrk gSA dqaMyh ds ik¡pos ?kj ij fdUgha fo'ks"k cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks çtuu lacafèkr leL;k,a rFkk eèkqesg] vYlj rFkk fiÙkk'k; esa iRFkjh tSlh fcekfj;ksa ls ihfM+r dj ldrk gSA dqaMyh dk NBk ?kj dqaMyh ds NBs ?kj dks Hkkjrh; oSfnd T;ksfr"k esa vfj Hkko vFkok 'k=q Hkko dgk tkrk gS rFkk dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ds vè;;u ls ;g irk py ldrk gS fd dqaMyh èkkjd vius thou dky esa fdl çdkj ds 'k=qvksa rFkk çfr}afn;ksa dk lkeuk djsxk rFkk dqaMyh èkkjd ds 'k=q vFkok çfr}anh fdl gn rd mls ijs'kku dj ik,axsA dqaMyh ds NBs ?kj ds cyoku gksus ls rFkk fdlh fo'ks"k 'kqHk xzg ds çHkko esa gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd vius thou esa vfèkdrj le; vius 'k=qvksa rFkk çfr}afn;ksa ij vklkuh ls fot; çkIr dj ysrk gS rFkk mlds 'k=q vFkok çfr}anh mls dksbZ fo'ks"k uqdlku igqapkus esa vke rkSj ij l{ke ugha gksrs tcfd dqaMyh ds NBs ?kj ds cyghu gksus ls vFkok fdlh cqjs xzg ds çHkko esa gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd vius thou esa ckj&ckj 'k=qvksa rFkk çfr}afn;ksa ds }kjk uqdlku mBkrk gS rFkk ,sls O;fä ds 'k=q vke rkSj ij cgqr rkdroj gksrs gSaA dqaMyh dk NBk ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou dky esa vkus okys >xM+ksa] fooknksa] eqdíeksa rFkk buls gksus okyh ykHk&gkfu

50 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL leh{kk ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gSA blds vfrfjä dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou esa vkus okyh chekfj;ksa rFkk bu chekfj;ksa ij gksus okys [kpZ dk Hkh irk pyrk gSA dqaMyh ds N~Bs ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd dh etcwr ;k detksj fofÙk; fLFkfr dk Hkh irk pyrk gSA dqaMyh esa NBs ?kj ds cyghu gksus ls vFkok fdlh fo'ks"k cqjs xzg ds çHkko esa gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd dks vius thou dky esa dbZ ckj fofÙk; ladVksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gS rFkk mls vius thou dky esa dbZ ckj dtZ ysuk iM+ ldrk gS ftls vke rkSj ij og le; ij pqdrk djus esa l{ke ugha gks ikrk rFkk bl dkj.k mls cgqr lh ijs'kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gSA dqaMyh dk NBk ?kj 'kjhj ds vaxksa esa isV ds fupys fgLls dks] vk¡rksa dks rFkk mudh dk;Zç.kkyh dks] xqnksaZ rFkk vkl&ikl ds dqN vkSj vaxksa dks n'kkZrk gSA dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ij fdUgh fo'ks"k cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks dct] nLr] detksj ikpu&'kfä ds dkj.k gksus okyh fcekfj;ksa] jä&;wfj;k] isV esa xSl&tyu tSlh leL;kvksa] xqnksaZ dh fcekjh;ksa rFkk ,slh gh dqN vU; fcekfj;ksa ls ihfM+r dj ldrk gSA dqaMyh dk lkroka ?kj dqaMyh ds lkrosa ?kj dks Hkkjrh; oSfnd T;ksfr"k esa ;qorh Hkko dgk tkrk gS rFkk dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls eq[; rkSj ij dqaMyh èkkjd ds fookg vkSj oSokfgd thou ds ckjs esa irk pyrk gSA dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd ds oSokfgd thou ls tqM+s lcls egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;ksa ds ckjs esa irk pyrk gS] tSls fd fookg gksus ds fy, mfpr le;] ifr ;k iRuh ds lkFk oSokfgd thou dk fuokZg] oSokfgd thou esa ifr ;k iRuh ls feyus okys lq[k ;k nq[k] yMkbZ&>xM+s] vyxko] rykd rFkk ifr ;k iRuh dks xaHkhj 'kkjhfjd d"V vFkok ifr ;k iRuh dh e`R;q ds ;ksxA bl çdkj dqaMyh èkkjd ds fookg rFkk oSokfgd thou ls tqM+s vfèkdrj ç'uksa ds mÙkj tkuus ds fy, dqaMyh ds bl ?kj dk è;kuiwoZd vè;;u djuk vfr vko';d gSA dqaMyh esa lkrosa ?kj ds cyoku gksus ls rFkk ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd 'kqHk xzgksa ds çHkko esa gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd dk oSokfgd thou vke rkSj ij vPNk ;k cgqr vPNk gksrk gS rFkk mls vius ifr ;k iRuh dh vksj ls vius thou esa cgqr lg;ksx] leFkZu rFkk [kq'kh çkIr gksrh gS tcfd dqaMyh esa lkrosa ?kj ds cyghu gksus ls vFkok ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd

cqjs xzgksa ds çHkko esa gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd ds oSokfgd thou esa rjg&rjg dh ijs'kkfu;ka vk ldrh gSa ftuesa ifr ;k iRuh ds lkFk ckj&ckj >xM+s ls ysdj rykd ;k fQj ifr ;k iRuh dh e`R;q Hkh gks ldrh gSA fookg ds vfrfjä cgqr yach vofèk rd pyus okys çse lacaèkksa ds ckjs esa rFkk O;olk; esa fdlh ds lkFk lka>snkjh ds ckjs esa Hkh dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls irk pyrk gSA dqaMyh ds lkrosa ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd ds fons'k esa LFkk;h #i ls LFkkfir gksus ds ckjs esa Hkh irk pyrk gS] fo'ks"k rkSj ij tc ;g fookg ds vkèkkj ij fons'k esa LFkkfir gksus ls tqM+k gqvk ekeyk gksA dqaMyh dk lkroka ?kj 'kjhj ds vaxksa esa eq[; rkSj ij tuukaxksa dks n'kkZrk gS rFkk fdlh dqaMyh esa bl ?kj ij fdUgha fo'ks"k cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks tuukaxksa ls lacafèkr jksxksa ls ihfM+r dj ldrk gS ftuesa xqIr jksx Hkh 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA bl fy, dqaMyh ds bl ?kj dk vè;;u cgqr è;kuiwoZd djuk pkfg,A dqaMyh dk vkBoka ?kj dqaMyh ds vkBosa ?kj dks Hkkjrh; oSfnd T;ksfr"k esa jaèkz vFkok e`R;q Hkko dgk tkrk gS rFkk vius uke ds vuqlkj gh dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj eq[; rkSj ij dqaMyh èkkjd dh vk;q ds ckjs esa crkrk gSA D;ksafd vk;q fdlh Hkh O;fä ds thou dk ,d vfr egÙoiw.kZ fo"k; gksrh gS] blfy, dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj vius vki esa cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gS rFkk fdlh Hkh dqaMyh dk vè;;u djrs le; ml dqaMyh ds vkBosa ?kj dks è;kuiwoZd ns[kuk vfr vko';d gksrk gSA fdlh dqaMyh esa vkBosa ?kj rFkk yXu Hkko vFkkZr igys ?kj ds cyoku gksus ij ;k bu nksuksa ?kjksa ds ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd vPNs xzgksa ds çHkko esa gksus ij dqaMyh èkkjd dh vk;q lkekU; ;k fQj lkekU; ls Hkh vfèkd gksrh gS tcfd dqaMyh esa vkBosa ?kj ds cyghu gksus ls vFkok bl ?kj ij ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd dh vk;q ij foijhr çHkko iM+rk gSA dqaMyh ds vkBosa ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd ds oSokfgd thou ds dqN {ks=ksa ds ckjs esa Hkh irk pyrk gS ftues eq[; #i ls dqaMyh èkkjd dk vius ifr ;k iRuh ds lkFk 'kkjhfjd rkyesy rFkk laHkksx ls çkIr gksus okyk lq[k 'kkfey gksrk gSA vkBosa ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd dh 'kkjhfjd bPNkvksa dh lhekvksa ds ckjs esa Hkh irk pyrk gSA fdlh dqaMyh esa

51 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL leh{kk vkBosa ?kj ij fdUgha fo'ks"k cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks vko';drk ls vfèkd dkeqdrk çnku dj ldrk gS ftls 'kkar djus ds fy, dqaMyh èkkjd ijL=hxkeh cu ldrk gS rFkk viuh dkeqdrk dks 'kkar djus ds fy, le;&le; ij nsg&O;kikj esa lafyIr fL=;ksa ds ikl Hkh tk ldrk gS ftlls dqaMyh èkkjd dk cgqr lk èku ,sls dkeksa esa [kpZ gks ldrk gS rFkk mls dksbZ xqIr jksx Hkh gks ldrk gSA dqaMyh dk vkBoka ?kj olh;r esa feyus okyh tk;nkn ds ckjs esa] vpkud çkIr gks tkus okys èku ds ckjs esa] fdlh dh e`R;q ds dkj.k çkIr gksus okys èku ds ckjs esa rFkk fdlh Hkh çdkj ls vklkuh ls çkIr gks tkus okys èku ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gSA dqaMyh ds bl ?kj dk lacaèk ijk 'kfä;ksa ls Hkh gksrk gS rFkk fdUgha fo'ks"k xzgksa dk bl ?kj ij çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks ijk 'kfä;ksa dk Kkrk cuk ldrk gSA dqaMyh ds vkBosa ?kj dk lacaèk lekfèk dh voLFkk ls Hkh gksrk gSA dqaMyh ds bl ?kj dk lacaèk vpkud vkus okyha leL;kvksa] #dkoVksa rFkk ijs'kkfu;ksa ds lkFk Hkh gksrk gSA dqaMyh dk vkBoka ?kj 'kjhj ds vaxksa esa eq[; #i ls xqnk rFkk ey R;kxus ds vaxksa dks n'kkZrk gS rFkk dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ij fdUgha fo'ks"k cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks coklhj rFkk xqnk ls lacafèkr vU; fcekfj;ksa ls ihfM+r dj ldrk gSA dqaMyh dk ukSoka ?kj dqaMyh ds ukSosa ?kj dks Hkkjrh; oSfnd T;ksfr"k esa èkeZ Hkko vFkok èkeZ LFkku ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS rFkk dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj eq[; rkSj ij dqaMyh èkkjd ds iwoZ tUeksa esa lafpr vPNs ;k cqjs deksaZ ds bls tUe esa feyus okys Qyksa ds ckjs esa crkrk gSA blh dkj.k dqaMyh ds ukSosa ?kj dks HkkX; LFkku Hkh dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd deZQy ds fl)kar ds vuqlkj çR;sd O;fä dk HkkX; mlds iwoZ tUeksa esa lafpr fd, x, iq.; rFkk iki deksaZ ls gh fuf'pr gksrk gSA bl çdkj dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj vius vki esa vfr egÙoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd fdlh Hkh O;fä ds thou esa mldk HkkX; cgqr egÙo j[krk gSA dqaMyh dk ukSoka ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd ds fi=ksa ds lkFk Hkh lacafèkr gksrk gS rFkk bl ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd dks vius fi=ksa ls çkIr gq, vPNs ;k cqjs deZQyksa ds ckjs esa Hkh irk pyrk gSA dqaMyh ds ukSosa ?kj ds fi=ksa ds lkFk lacafèkr gksus

ds dkj.k bl ?kj ij fdlh Hkh cqjs xzg dk çHkko dqaMyh esa fir` nks"k dk fuekZ.k dj nsrk gS ftlds dkj.k dqaMyh èkkjd dks vius thou ds dbZ {ks=ksa esa ckj&ckj fofHkUu çdkj dh leL;kvksa] foifÙk;ksa rFkk ijs'kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS tcfd dqaMyh ds ukSosa ?kj ij ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd 'kqHk xzgksa dk çHkko gksus ij dqaMyh èkkjd dks vius iwoZtksa ds vPNs deksaZ dk Qy muds vk'khokZn Lo#i çkIr gksrk gS] ftlds dkj.k mls vius thou ds dbZ {ks=ksa esa lQyrk,a rFkk [kqf'k;ka çkIr gksrha gSaA dqaMyh dk ukSoka ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd dh èkkfeZd ço`fÙk;ksa ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gS rFkk mldh èkkfeZd dk;ksaZ dks djus dh #fp ,oe rhFkZ LFkkuksa dh ;k=kvksa ds ckjs es Hkh dqaMyh ds ukSosa ?kj ls irk pyrk gSA ukSosa ?kj ij fdUgha fo'ks"k 'kqHk xzgksa dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks cgqr èkkfeZd cuk nsrk gS rFkk bl ?kj ij 'kqHk xq:] pUæ vFkok lw;Z dk çHkko fo'ks"k :i ls cgqr vPNk ekuk tkrk gS ftlds QyLo:i dqaMyh èkkjd ds }kjk vius thou dky esa cgqr ls 'kqHk dk;Z fd, tkrs gSa] ftuds 'kqHk Qy dqaMyh èkkjd dh vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa dks Hkh çkIr gksrs gSaA dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd dh vkè;kfRed çxfr ds lkFk Hkh lhèks :i ls tqM+k gksrk gS rFkk dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd dh vkè;fRed mUufr dk irk py ldrk gSA dqaMyh dk ukSoka ?kj fons'kksa esa Hkze.k rFkk LFkk;h #i ls LFkkfir gksus ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gSA dqaMyh dk nloka ?kj dqaMyh ds nlosa ?kj dks Hkkjrh; oSfnd T;ksfr"k esa deZ LFkku vFkok deZ Hkko dgk tkrk gS rFkk dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj eq[; :i ls dqaMyh èkkjd ds O;olk; ds lkFk tqM+s mrkj&p<+ko rFkk lQyrk&vlQyrk dks n'kkZrk gSA dksbZ O;fä vius O;olkf;d {ks= esa fdruh lQyrk ;k vlQyrk çkIr dj ldrk gS] ;g lQyrk ;k vlQyrk mlds thou ds fdu le;ksa esa lcls vfèkd gks ldrh gS rFkk ;g lQyrk ;k vlQyrk fdl lhek rd gks ldrh gS] bu lHkh ç'uksa dk mÙkj tkuus ds fy, dqaMyh ds nlosa ?kj dk è;kuiwoZd vè;;u djuk vko';d gSA dqaMyh esa nlosa ?kj ds cyoku gksus ls rFkk bl ?kj ij ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd 'kqHk xzgksa dk çHkko gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd dks vius O;olkf;d thou esa cM+h lQyrk,a feyrha gSa rFkk mldk O;olkf;d thou vke rkSj ij cgqr lQy jgrk gS tcfd dqaMyh ds nlosa ?kj ds cyghu gksus ls rFkk bl

52 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL leh{kk ?kj ij ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd dks vke rkSj ij vius O;olkf;d thou esa vfèkd lQyrk ugha fey ikrh rFkk mldk vfèkdrj thou O;olkf;d la?k"kZ esa gh chr tkrk gSA dqaMyh dk nloka ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd dks vius thou esa çkIr gksus okys ;'k ;k vi;'k ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gS rFkk fo'ks"k :i ls vius O;olk; ds dkj.k feyus okys ;'k ;k vi;'k ds ckjs esaA dqaMyh èkkjd dks feyus okys bl ;'k ;k vi;'k dh lhek rFkk le; fuf'pr djus ds fy, mldh tUe dqaMyh esa dqaMyh ds nlosa ?kj ij vPNs ;k cqjs xzgksa ds çHkko dks Hkyh&Hkkafr le>uk vfr vko';d gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, fdlh dqaMyh esa nlosa ?kj ij 'kqHk rFkk cyoku lw;Z dk çcy çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks fdlh mPp ljdkjh in ij fcBk ldrk gS tcfd fdlh dqaMyh esa nlosa ?kj ij v'kqHk rFkk cyoku 'kfu vFkok jkgq dk çcy çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks xSj&dkuwuh O;lk;ksa esa lafyIr djok ldrk gS ftlds dkj.k dqaMyh èkkjd dh cgqr cnukeh gks ldrh gSA dqaMyh dk nloka ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd dh egÙokdka{kkvksa ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gS rFkk dqaMyh ds vU; rF;ksa ij fopkj djus ds ckn bu egÙokdka{kkvksa ds iwjs gksus ;k u gksus dk irk Hkh py ldrk gSA dqaMyh èkkjd ds viuh larku ds lkFk lacaèk rFkk larku ls feyus okyk lq[k vFkok nq[k ns[kus ds fy, Hkh dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ij fopkj djuk vko';d gSA dqaMyh dk X;kjgoka ?kj dqaMyh ds X;kjgosa ?kj dks Hkkjrh; oSfnd T;ksfr"k esa ykHk LFkku vFkok ykHk Hkko dgk tkrk gS rFkk dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj eq[; rkSj ij dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou esa gksus okys fofÙk; rFkk vU; ykHkksa ds ckjs esa crkrk gSA X;kjgosa ?kj ds }kjk crk, tkus okys ykHk dqaMyh èkkjd }kjk mldh viuh esgur ls dek, iSls ds ckjs esa gh crk,a] ;g vko';d ughaA dqaMyh ds bl ?kj }kjk crk, tkus okys ykHk fcuk esgur fd, feyus okys ykHk tSls fd ykVjh esa buke thr tkuk] lêsckth vFkok 'ks;j cktkj esa ,dne ls iSlk cuk ysuk rFkk vU; çdkj ds ykHk tks fcuk vfèkd ç;kl fd, gh çkIr gks tkrs gSa] Hkh gks ldrs gSaA dqaMyh ds X;kjgosa ?kj ij 'kqHk jkgq dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks ykVjh vFkok 'ks;j cktkj tSls {ks=ksa esa Hkkjh equkQk ns ldrk gS tcfd blh ?kj ij cyoku rFkk 'kqHk

cqèk dk çcy çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks O;olk; ds fdlh u, rjhds ds ekè;e ls Hkkjh ykHk ns ldrk gSA ogha nwljh vksj dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ds cyghu gksus ls ;k cqjs xzgksa ds çHkko esa gksus ls dqaMyh èkkjd dks vius thou esa mij crk, x, {ks=ksa esa ykHk gksus dh laHkkouk,a de gks tkrh gSa rFkk dqaMyh ds X;kjgosa ?kj ij v'kqHk rFkk cyoku jkgq dk çcy çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dk cgqr lk èku tq, vFkok 'ks;j cktkj tSls {ks=ksa esa [kjkc djok ldrk gSA dqaMyh dk X;kjgoka ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd ds yksHk rFkk egÙokdka{kk dks Hkh n'kkZrk gS D;ksafd bl dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls gksus okys ykHk vke rkSj ij mu {ks=ksa ls gh çkIr gksrs gSa ftuesa viuh fdLer vktekus okys vfèkdrj yksx jkrksa jkr vehj cu tkus ds vfHkyk"kh gksrs gSa rFkk blds fy, os ,sls gh {ks=ksa dk pquko djrs gSa tks mUgsa ,dne ls vehj cuk nsus esa l{ke gksaA D;ksafd ,sls lHkh {ks=ksa esa iSlk dekus ds fy, esgur rFkk yXu ls vfèkd fdLer dh vko';drk gksrh gS] blfy, jkrksa jkr bu {ks=ksa ds ekè;e ls iSlk dekus dh dkeuk djus okys yksxksa esa vke rkSj ij yksHk rFkk egÙokdka{kk dh ek=k lkekU; ls vfèkd gksrh gSA dqaMyh ds X;kjgosa ?kj ds cyoku gksus ij rFkk bl ?kj ij ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd 'kqHk xzgksa dk çHkko gksus ij dqaMyh èkkjd vius thou esa vkus okys ykHk çkfIr ds voljksa dks 'kh?kz gh igpku tkrk gS rFkk bu voljksa dk Hkjiwj ykHk mBkus esa l{ke gksrk gS tcfd dqaMyh ds X;kjgosa ?kj ds cyghu gksus ij vFkok bl ?kj ij ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd v'kqHk xzgksa dk çHkko gksus ij dqaMyh èkkjd vius thou esa vkus okys ykHk çkfIr ds vfèkdrj voljksa dks lgh çdkj ls le> ugh ikrk rFkk bl dkj.k bu voljksa ls dksbZ fo'ks"k ykHk ugha mBk ikrkA dqaMyh dk ckjgoka ?kj dqaMyh ds ckjgosa ?kj dks Hkkjrh; oSfnd T;ksfr"k esa O;; LFkku vFkok O;; Hkko dgk tkrk gS rFkk dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj eq[; #i ls dqaMyh èkkjd ds }kjk vius thou dky esa [kpZ fd, tkus okys èku ds ckjs esa crkrk gS rFkk lkFk gh lkFk dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj ;g ladsr Hkh nsrk gS fd dqaMyh èkkjd ds }kjk [kpZ fd, tkus okyk èku vke rkSj ij fdl çdkj ds dk;ksaZ esa yxsxkA dqaMyh ds ckjgosa ?kj ds cyoku gksus dh fLFkfr esa vke rkSj ij dqaMyh èkkjd dh dekbZ vkSj O;; esa mfpr rkyesy gksrk gS rFkk dqaMyh

53 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL leh{kk èkkjd viuh dekbZ ds vuqlkj gh èku dks [kpZ djus okyk gksrk gS] ftlds dkj.k mls vius thou esa èku dks fu;af=r djus esa vfèkd dfBukbZ ugha gksrh tcfd dqaMyh ds ckjgosa ?kj ds cyghu gksus dh fLFkfr esa dqaMyh èkkjd dk [kpZ vke rkSj ij mldh dekbZ ls vfèkd gksrk gS rFkk bl dkj.k mls vius thou esa cgqr ckj èku dh raxh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA dqaMyh ds ckjgosa ?kj ij 'kqHk ;k v'kqHk xzgksa ds çHkko dks ns[kdj ;g Hkh irk py ldrk gS fd dqaMyh èkkjd dk èku vke rkSj ij fdl çdkj ds dk;ksaZ esa [kpZ gksxkA mnkgj.k ds fy, dqaMyh ds ckjgosa ?kj ij fdlh 'kqHk xzg dk çHkko gksus ij dqaMyh èkkjd dk èku vke rkSj ij vPNs dkeksa esa gh [kpZ gksxk tcfd dqaMyh ds ckjgosa ?kj ij fdlh v'kqHk xzg dk çHkko gksus ij dqaMyh èkkjd dk èku vke rkSj ij O;FkZ ds dkeksa esa gh [kpZ gksrk jgrk gSA dqaMyh ds ckjgosa ?kj ij 'kqHk xq# dk çcy çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks èkkfeZd dk;ksaZ esa èku yxkus ds fy, çsfjr djrk gS tcfd dqaMyh ds ckjgosa ?kj ij v'kqHk jkgq vFkok 'kfu dk çcy çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks tqvk [ksyus] vR;kfèkd 'kjkc ihus rFkk ,slh gh vU; cqjh yrksa ij èku [kjkc djus ds fy, çsfjr djrk gSA dqaMyh dk ckjgoka ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd dh fons'k ;k=kvksa ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gS rFkk fdlh n.M ds QyLo:i feyus okyk ns'k fudkyk Hkh dqaMyh ds blh ?kj ls ns[kk tkrk gSA fdlh O;fä dk vius ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ls nwj jguk Hkh dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls irk py ldrk gSA dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou ds fdlh fo'ks"k le; esa mlds yach vofèk ds fy, vLirky tkus vFkok dkjkokl esa can gksus tSls fo"k;ksa ds ckjs esa tkuus ds fy, Hkh dqaMyh ds bl ?kj dks ns[kk tkrk gSA dqaMyh dk ;g ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd ds thou ds vafre le; ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gS rFkk dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ls dqaMyh èkkjd dh e`R;q ds dkj.k dk irk Hkh py ldrk gSA ckjgoka ?kj O;fä ds thou esa feyus okys fcLrj ds lq[k ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gS rFkk ;g ?kj dqaMyh èkkjd dh fuæk ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrk gSA dqaMyh ds bl ?kj ij fdUgh fo'ks"k cqjs xzgksa dk çHkko dqaMyh èkkjd dks fuæk ls lacafèkr jksx ;k ijs'kkfu;ksa ls ihfM+r dj ldrk gS rFkk dqaMyh èkkjd ds oSokfgd thou esa Hkh leL;k,a iSnk dj ldrk gSA ;g leL;k,a vke rkSj ij jkr dks lksus ds le; fcLrj ij gksus okyh ckrphr ls 'kq: gksrh gSa tks c<+rs&c<+rs

fookn dk :i ys ysrh gSa rFkk O;fä ds oSokfgd thou esa ijs'kkfu;ka iSnk dj nsrh gSaA ,sls yksxksa ds lacaèk lkekU; rkSj ij vius ifr ;k iRuh ds lkFk vPNs gksus ds ckotwn Hkh lksus ds le; fdlh O;FkZ dh ckr dks ysdj ifr ;k iRuh ds lkFk fookn gks tkrk gS ftlls budks lq[k dh uhan ysus esa ckèkk vkrh gSA

utj dk yxuk MkW- yfyr iar T;ksfr"kh; rF; & ftl Hkh tkrd dh dqaMyh ls xzgksa dh fLFkfr detksj gks] og ftldk Hkh Hkkos'k gks rFkk tgka ij Hkh fLFkr gks detksj ;k foijhr Qy gh feyus dh laHkkouk ksrh gSA dqQy ;k detksj Qyksa dks gh nwljh Hkk"kk esa utj yxuk Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gSA ,slk gksus ds la;ksx % § § § § § § § § § § § § §

'kqØ ikih xzgksa ls ihfM+r ¼;qfr ;k n`fV nksuksa½ jkgq&dsrq dsUnz esa ;k nwljs] vkBosa o ckjgosa HkkoLFk detksj yXu dk ikih xzgksa ls laca/k 'kfu ;fn jkgq&eaxy ;k 'k=q xzgksa ls ihfM+r gks 'kfu nwljs] pkSFks ;k vkBosa Hkko esa iki izHkko esa gks ddZ&rqyk&o`f'pd o ehu jkf'k;ksa dks utj tYnh yXu esa es'k dk 'kqØ o 'kfu] o`"k dk lw;Z o ehu dk panz dqaHk dk lw;Z] es"k dk 'kfu] o`f'pd dk panz o 'kqØ uhp dk lw;Z o vU; xzg ¼vf/kdka'k½ uhpLFk gks 'kfu] eaxy] panz o cq/k uhps LFkkuksa ij ¼6 ls 12½ Hkko uoes'k] ykHks'k o n'kes'k uhpLFk gks xaMewy u{k=ksa dh tUe dh fLFkfr yXu esa lw;Z ij v'kqHk n`f"V

utj yxus dh fLFkfr esa tkrdksa dks 'kkjhfjd o ekufld d"V] fo?u&ck/kk;sa] vlQyrk;sa] cnukeh vpkud gq, dk;Zck/kk vkrh gSA T;ksfr"kh; n`f"V ls detksj fLFkfr;ksa ds gksus ij mik; fopkj djus rFkk crkus Hkh pkfg;sA

54 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL leh{kk

ekbuj vjdkuk & Dohu vkWQ dIl Jherh Ñ".kk diwj VSjks jhfMax esa VSjks Msd ds lwV~l vkWQ dIl ds dkMZ ^Dohu vkWQ dIl* dk VSjks jhfMax esa iksftfVo dkMZ gSA mDr dkMZ dk izxVu gksrk gS mldk fjizstsUVsfVo O;fDr lQyrk dk lwpd gSA VSjks jhfMax ds nkSjku ftl O;fDr ds fy;s mDr dkMZ izxV gksrk gS ml O;fDr ds fy;s ;g bafxr djrk gS fd lacafèkr O;fDr vxj leL;kxzLr gS rks izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks vius vuqdwy fLFkfr esa ykus esa lQyrk gkfly dj ldrk gSA og bZ'oj dh izsj. kk ls vius jkLrs esa vkus okyh leLr ck/kkvksa dks lQyrk ls ikj dj tk;sxkA mnkgj.k ds fy;s fdlh O;fDr dks ukSdjh ds fy;s bUVjO;w nsus tkuk gSA tkus ls igys og blds fy;s VSjks jhfMax djokrk gS fd eq>s bl bUVjO;w esa lQyrk feysxh ;k ugha vkSj VSjks jhfMax ds nkSjku vxj dkMZ izxV gksrk gS ^Dohu vkWQ dIl* rks bldk vFkZ gS mlds jkLrs esa tks Hkh ck/kk,a vk,axh mudks ikj djrk gqvk og lQyrk dh lhf<+;ka p<+rk jgsxk vkSj var esa lQyrk vo'; feysxkA tSls fd gM+rky gksus ij VªkaliksVZ dh leL;k] xarO; rd igqapus esa nsjh dh leL;k] viuh Qkby esa dqN isilZ dh deh dh leL;k gksus ij vUrrksxRok mldks lQyrk feysxhA mldk bUVjO;w gksuk vkSj mlesa lsysDV gksuk blfy;s laHko gks ldsxk D;ksafd VSjks jhfMax esa mlds fy;s mDr iksftfVo dkMZ izxV gqvk Fkk vkSj bl dkMZ ds izxV

gksus esa VSjks jhMj dk dksbZ ;ksxnku ugha gSA mldk dksbZ lg;ksx O;fDr ds fy;s ugha gS ;g rks bl bZ'oj dh izsj. kk Fkh ftlls izsfjr gksdj og O;fDr fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh gkj u ekudj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls tw>rk gqvk Hkh bUVjO;w ds fy;s igqapkA mDr dkMZ dk izxVu gh bl ckr dk ladsr gS fd ;g dk;Z gksuk gh FkkA og ukSdjh mldh fdLer esa Fkh] bZ'oj dh ogh ethZ Fkh] ;g lc fof/k dk fo/kku FkkA VSjks jhfMax vkSj mDr dkMZ dk izxVu rks fof/k ds fo/kku dks iwjk djus dk ,d tfj;k FkkA ftlus lacaf/kr O;fDr dks fufnZ"V fd;k] eafty rd igqapus ds fy;s esgur rks mlds fy;s lacaf/kr O;fDr us dhA ftl O;fDr ds fy;s mDr dkMZ izxV gksrk gS mls f'ko dh mikluk jkst djuh pkfg;s] mlls dk;Z esa lQyrk feyrh gSA mDr dkMZ dk egRo ge ,d vU; mnkgj.k ls Hkh le> ldrs gSa tSls dksbZ ;qod vius fy;s VSjks jhfMax djokus VSjks jhMj ds ikl tkrk gS vkSj iwNrk gS fd eSa ftl yM+dh ls 'kknh djuk pkgrk gwa D;k mlls esjh 'kknh gks tk;sxhA VSjks jhfMax djokus ij vxj dkMZ ^Dohu vkWQ dIl* izxV gksrk gS rks ml ;qod dks dgk tk;sxk fd vkidh 'kknh esa ck/kk,sa rks cgqr vk;saxh tSls mlds ¼yM+dh½ ds ekrk&firk bl fookg ds fy;s rS;kj ugha gksaxsA rqEgkjs ekrk&firk Hkh bl fookg ds fy;s rS;kj ugha gksaxsA vr% nksuksa ifjokjksa dks ,d lkFk lger djus esa dkQh vM+pusa vk;saxhA ysfdu bZ'oj dh Ñik o izsj.kk ls vkids fy;s mDr dkMZ dk izxVu ;g lans'k nsrk gS fd vki vius fy;s izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks vius vuwdwy djus esa lQyrk ik ysaxs gkykafd mlesa le; Hkh yxsxk vkSj vkidks iz;Ru Hkh djus iM+saxsA ysfdu vUrrksxRok vkidks lQyrk feysxhA VSjks dkMZ jhfMax Hkh T;ksfr"k dk gh ,d vax gS vr% tks Hkh Hkfo";ok.kh dh tkrh gS mlesa fof/k dk fo/kku o bZ'oj dh izsj.kk lfEefyr jgrh gSA vr% fo'okl o b'Zoj mikluk ls O;fDr dks lQyrk feyrh gSA

55 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

RESEARCH JOURNAL leh{kk

ekbuj vjdkuk & fadx a vkWQ okaMl ~ Jherh Ñ".kk diwj VSjks jhfMax esa VSjks Msd ds lwV~l vkWQ okaM~l ds dkMZ ^fdax vkWQ okaM~l* dk VSjks jhfMax esa izxVu gksrk gS mldk fjizstsUVsfVo O;fDr cgqr cqf) eku] le>nkj] lqf'kf{kr rFkk fe=or~ O;ogkj okyk] lTtu O;fDr gksrk gSA vxj dksbZ O;fDr viuk dksbZ fctusl LVkVZ djuk pkgrk gS mlds fy;s og VSjks jhMj ds ikl tkdj vius fy;s VSjks jhfMax djokrk gS vkSj jhfMax esa vxj mlds fy;s mDr dkMZ fdaXl vkWQ okaMl dk izxVu gksrk gS rks mlds iz'u dk mÙkj gksxkA ftlds lkFk ikVZujf'ki esa fctusl djuk pkgrs gks og cgqr le>nkj rFkk cqf)eku gS vr% blds lg;ksx ls fctusl djus esa rqEgsa lQyrk feyus dh laHkkouk gSA rqEgkjk ikVZuj rqEgkjs lkFk dHkh nxk ugha djsxkA og / kks[ksckt ugha gskxkA oQknkj jgsxkA esgur Hkh gksxk vkSj le>nkjh ls fctusl dks vkxs c<+kus dh Iykfuax djds mUufr dh vksj vxzlj jgsxkA vxj fdlh Hkh dke dks djus ds fy;s mlls igys VSjks jhMj ls vius fy;s VSjks jhfMax djokus ls mfpr ekxZn'kZu fey tkrk gS ftlls ge fuf'par gksdj fu.kZ; ys ldrs gSaA ge ,d vU; mnkgj.k }kjk bldks bl izdkj le> ldrs gSaA ekufyft;s dksbZ lTtu viuh iq=h ds fy;s ;ksX; oj dh ryk'k dj jgs gSa vkSj fdlh ek/;e ls mudks dksbZ fj'rs dh lwpuk feyrh gS rks muds fy;s mfpr ;g gksxk fd bl fo"k; esa vkxs c<+us ls igys og fdlh ;ksX; VSjks jhMj ds ikl tkdj VSjks jhfMax djok;sa fd mUgsa viuh

csVh dk fj'rk ogka djuk pkfg;s vFkok ughaA vxj Vsjks jhfMax esa dksbZ fuxsfVo dkMZ izxV gqvk tSls fd gSaXMeSu vFkok Msfoy dkMZ izxV gksrk gS rks lacaf/kr O;fDr dks ijke'kZ fn;k tkrk gS fd vkidk rFkk dfFkr ifjokj esa fj'rk djuk mfpr ugha gksxk vkSj vxj VSjks jhfMax esa dksbZ iksthfVo dkMZ dk izxVu gksrk gS rks ;g lacaf/kr O;fDr ds fy;s iksthfVo ,uthZ ykrk gS tSls fd mDr dkMZ fdaXl vkWQ okaM~l rks lacaf/kr O;fDr ds iz'u dk mÙkj gksxk mldks lacaf/kr dk;Z djus esa lQyrk feysxhA tgka og csVh dk fj'rk djus tk jgs gSa og yksx lTtu gksaxsA cqf)ekuh ls dke ysaxsA O;FkZ dk c[ksM+k [kM+k ugha djsxsaA mudh csVh ds lkFk vPNk O;ogkj gksxkA mudh csVh lq[kh jgsxhA eku yhft, ;gh iz'u dksbZ lTtu vius csVs ds fy;s iwNrk gS fd og cM+k gksdj dSlk fudysxk vkSj VSjks jhfMax djokrs le; mDr dkMZ ^n fadaXl vkWQ okaM~l* izxV gksrk gS rks lacaf/kr O;fDr dks crk;k tk;sxk fd vkidk iq= cgqr cqf)eku gS] i<+kbZ Hkh vPNh rjg ls eu yxk dj djsxk rFkk mPp f'k{kk izkIr dj ldrk gSA O;ogkj esa Hkh lTturk dk lekos'k jgsxkA ifjokj o lekt esa vius ln~&O;ogkj ls lEekfur O;fDr jgsxkA vxj og ukSdjh djsxk rks mPp in ij vklhu gksxk rFkk vius mPp inLFk vf/kdkfj;ksa ls Hkh ln~O;ogkj djsxk rFkk vius vf/kuLFk deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFk Hkh ln~O;ogkj djsxk rFkk yksdfiz; O;fDr cu dj jgsxkA vius utnhdh yksxksa dh leL;kvksa dk lek/kku djus esa Hkh lg;ksx djsxkA vr% loZfofnr rF; ;g gS fd VSjks jhfMax T;ksfr"k foKku dh gh ,d 'kk[kk gS ftlds }kjk ge Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh ?kVukvksa fd ge bl dke dks djsa ;k u djsaA ,slk djus ls gesa ykHk gksxk ;k gkfu] ge fdlh ekxZ ij vkxs c<+us ls igys ekxZn'kZu ys ldrs gSa] rnuqlkj vkxs c<+ ldrs gSaA dk;Z djuk O;fDr ds gkFk esa gS Qy nsuk bZ'oj dk dke gSA

56 | Apr.-Jun. 2021

Future Point Ratna Bhandar Rate List of Astrological & Spiritual Products

Rosary Rudraksha Rosary (For Recitation) 200/Rudraksha Rosary Medium 900/Rudraksha Rosary 1100/Crystal Rosary 1100/Rudraksha Rosary Special 2500/Crystal Rosary Diamond Cut Medium 2500/Coral & Pearl mixed Rosary 2100/Ruby Rosary 3100/Italian Ruby Rosary (special) 11000/Coral Rosary 2100/-, 5100/7 Faced Ruraksha Rosary 5100/8 Faced Ruraksha Rosary 31000/Gauri Shankar Rudraksha Rosary 31000/Shiv Rudraksha 1-14 Face Rosary (Specials) 31000/Vaijanti Rosary 200/Putra Prapti Rosary 200/Red sandalwood Rosary 200/whilte sandalwood Rosary 201/Kamalgatta Rosary 200/Tulsi Rosary 201/Haldi Rosary 201/Hakik Rosary 1100/Rudraksha + Pearl Rosary 1100/Feroza Rosary 1100/Pearl Rosary 1100/Rudraksha + Crystal Rosary 1100/Navratna Rosary 2100/Parad Rosary 5100/-

Rudraksha Gauri Shankar, Gauri Ganesh 1 Faced (Kaju Dana) Ganesh Rudraksha 2 Faced Rudraksha 3 Faced Rudraksha 4 Faced Rudraksha 5 Faced Rudraksha 6 Faced Rudraksha 7 Faced Rudraksha 8 Faced Rudraksha 9 Faced Rudraksha 11 Faced Rudraksha 12 Faced Rudraksha 13 Faced Rudraksha 14 Faced Rudraksha 15 Faced Rudraksha

5100/2100/1100/500/500/100/100/100/1100/5100/5100/5100/7500/11000/31000/31000/Silver Locket 500/- Extra

Gems Locket/Ring Sapphire (Nili) Ruby Coral Emerald Pearl Gomed Peetambari, Feroza Cat's Eye, American Diamond Blue Topaz Navratna Locket Navratna Bracelet Navratna Ring Trishakti Locket Shiv Shakti Kavach Nazar Suraksha Kavach Guru Kripa Locket Kal Sarp Ring (Silver)

2100/3100/5100/5100/2100/2100/2100/2100/3100/5100/3100/3100/5100/2100/2100/2100/500/-

Locket in Silver Kalsarpa Locket Mahamrityunjay Locket Saraswati Yantra Locket Sri Yantra Locket Baglamukhi Locket Durgabisa Locket Mer., Moon, Ven., Mars, Sun Locket Jup., Sat., Rahu, Ketu Locket Gayatri Locket Ganesh Locket Vashikaran Locket Panchamukhi Hanuman Kuber Locket Moti Chand Locket

1100/1100/1100/1100/1100/1100/1100/1100/1100/1100/1100/1100/1100/1100/-

Conch Shani Conch Kauri Conch Ganesh Conch Blowing conch Dakshinawarti Conch

251/-, 500/251/251/-, 501/1100/-, 2100/1100/-, 2100/-, 3100/-)

Crystal Products Crystal Ganesh Locket

750/-

Crystal Moon

500/-

Crystal Sun

500/-

Crystal Tortoise

Pyramid Tortoise Sriyantra Small Pyramid for Energy Swastik Pyramid

1100/200/500/-

Parad Products

500/-

Crystal Ball

1100/-

Margaj Ganesh

1100/-

Crystal Shiv Parivar

5100/-

Crystal Laxmi Ganesh

1100/-, 1500/-, 2100/-

Crystal Shiv Linga

1100/-, 2100/-

Sang Sitara Sriyantra

2100/-, 5100/-

Margaj Sriyantra

2100/-, 5100/-

Crystal Sriyantra

1100/-, 2100/-, 3100/-, 5100/-

Crystal Bracelet (8MM) Black Onex

290/-

Red Onex

390/-

Labradorite

399/-

Green Agate

390/-

Seven Chakra

600/-

Carnelian

350/-

Red Coral

990/-

Orange Coral

990/-

Rose Quartz

500/-

Tiger Eye

390/-

Red Jasper

390/-

Cats Eye

890/-

Amethyst

500/-

Lapis Lazuli

550/-

Howlite

350/-

Sulemani Hakik

600/-

Sodalite

490/-

Feroza

690/-

Mother of Pearl

590/-

Pyramid Pyramid in 8 Metal(in 9 each) 8 Metal Pyramid Sriyantra Closed Pyramid Set

1100/1100/-,2100/-, 3100/200/-, 300/-, 400/-

Parad Conch Parad Laxmi Paduka (per pair) Parad Vaibhav Chauki Parad Laxmi Ganesh (per set) Parad Saraswati Parad Shiv Linga (Small) Parad Shiv Linga (Big) Parad Shiv Parivar Parad Shriyantra (Big) Parad Hanuman Panchmukhi Parad Hanuman ji Parad Durga ji

600/500/750/1500/-, 3100/1500/-, 2100/600/3500/-, 6100/6100/2100/-, 3500/-, 6100/800/-, 1100/1500/-, 2100/500/-, 3100/-

With Golden Polish Yantra Ganesh Yantra, Sri Yantra, Kuber Yantra, Baglamukhi Yantra, Mahalaxmi Yantra, Sampurna Mahalaxmi Yantra, Laxmi-Ganesh Yantra, Sukh Samridhi Yantra, Vastu Dosh Nivaran Yantra, Vyapar Vridhi Yantra, Durga Bisa Yantra, Mahamrityunjay Yantra, Vahan Durghatna Nashak Yantra, Vastu yantra, Kal Sarpa Yantra, Hanuman Yantra, Saraswati Yantra, Navdurga Yantra, Santan Gopal Yantra, Kanakdhara Yantra, Vashikaran Yantra, Matsya Yantra, Gayatri Yantra, Gita Yantra, Nav Grah Yantra, Budha Yantra, Shukra Yantra, Chandra Yantra, Brihaspati Yantra, Surya Yantra, Mangal Yantra, Ketu Yantra, Rahu Yantra, Shani Yantra, Akarshan Yantra, Premvridhi Yantra, Matangi Yantra, Ram Raksha Yantra, Ganapati Yantra, Kali Yantra, Sarvakarya Sidhi Yantra, Maha Sudarshan Yantra, Chhinamasta Yantra, Dhumavati yantra, Tara Yantra, Tripura Bhairavi Yantra, Kamla Yantra, Bhuvaneshwari Yantra, Dhanvantri Yantra, Laxmi Kuber Yantra Size 3½’’ × 3½” Without Frame 150/Size 7'’ × 7" Without Frame 600/Size 7'’ × 7" With Italian Frame 1100/Size 12'’ × 14" Without Frame 2100/Size 12'’ × 14" With Frame 2500/-

Sampurna Yantra Sampurna Sri Yantra, Sampurna Badha Mukti Yantra, Sampurna Kal Sarpa Yantra, Sampurna Vidya Pradayak, Sampurna Vastu Yantra, Sampurna Vyapar Vriddhi Yantra, Sampurna Roga Nashak Yantra, Sampurna Sarvakarya Siddhi Yantra, Sampurna Navgrah Yantra, Dus Maha Vidya Yantra Size 12'’ × 14" Without Frame Size 12'’ × 14" With Frame

2100/2500/-

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WhatsApp your order on this number +91-9999310501, 9911865656 Flagship Office

A-3, Ring Road, South Ext. Part-1, New Delhi-49 Ph.:11-40541000, 1021, 1022 M-9911865656 Email:mail@futurepointindia.com

Branch Office

B-237, Sector-26, Noida Uttar Pradesh-201301 M-9910080002 www.futurepoiontindia.com www.futuresamachar.com, www.aifas.com

Our Banks

Future Point Pvt. Ltd. Indian Bank-408333006 IFSC Code : IDIB000S032 SBI- 30930974494 IFSC Code : SBIN0004316 ICICI-071605000733 IFSC Code : ICIC0000716

Future Point’s Online Courses on Tarot & Numerology Tarot Professional Course Content

Numerology Professional Course Content

 Detailed meaning of wisdom of 78 cards and their

 Advantages and history of numerology; Schools of

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 Psyche number, lifepath number calculation & meanings  Name Number balancing and fixation  Mobile numerology  Vehicle ; residence, commercial numerology and name

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use in various queries; history and myths 4 elemental suits-Swords,wands,cups and pentacles and the Spiritual life journey with Major Arcanas Creating tarot spreads & practical reading sessions Energising cards, preparing table, client etiquette Predicting timing of events Remedies & counselling techniques; ethics in Tarot

numerology; birth of numbers

rectification  Time cycle with Pinnacle number, personal year and personal month  Remedies for Numbers and Planets  Live case studies and interactive sessions

Price : 9,999/-

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Tarot Master Course Content

Numerology Master Course Content

 Tarot card reversals and how to read them.  Astrological Spread and 12 houses  Numerological association of Tarot - Personal year card, Muhurta  Interactive Live Case Studies related to relationships, compatibility, marital life, money & career.  Directional Significance in Tarot Cards  Chakras - Study of 7 energy centres and Chakra Spread  Remedies in Tarot - Exploring Crystals for healing & success.  Tarot related to Zodiac signs and planets and suggested remedies of gems & mantras.  Tarot rituals for wish manifestation and meditations.

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Basic and Destiny numbers interplay Loshu Grid casting & planet association of 9 grid boxes 3 vertical, 3 horizontal,prosperity,golden,silver arrows Feng shui; kua number;auspicious direction & colors Missing and repeating numbers and Remedies Sepharial Grid & Vedic Ank Kundali & 51 planetary yogas Matchmaking and Vastu analysis by Date of Birth Lost objects recovery, health prediction by numbers Mobile numerology & connecting with Numeroscope Numbers & suitable professions & Health precautions Live case studies and interactive sessions

Price : 11,999/-

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Package : 19,999/-

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FACILITIES Study Material

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For Further Information Contact : Mrs. Abha Bansal +9350508001/9910080002 Mrs. Vidya Devani 011-40541004

Paytm: 9910080002 or All India Federation of Astrologers' Societies SBI A/c No. 34089503260 IFSC SBIN0004316

Research Journal April-June 2021

Articles inside

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Editor's Desk By Dr. Arun Bansal

Importance of Hindu Religion By R. Harishankar

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Foreign Travel and Travel Lines By D.K. Gupta

Ashta Mangal Yantra By Punit Vohra

Importance of Chanting Rama Mantra By R. Harishankar

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