Florida Water Resources Journal - August 2014

Editor’s Office and Advertiser Information:

Florida Water Resources Journal 1402 Emerald Lakes Drive Clermont, FL 34711 Phone: 352-241-6006 • Fax: 352-241-6007 Email: Editorial, editor@fwrj.com Display and Classified Advertising, ads@fwrj.com

Business Office: P.O. Box 745, Windermere, FL 34786-0745 Web: http://www.fwrj.com General Manager:

Michael Delaney

Editor:

Rick Harmon

Graphic Design Manager:

Patrick Delaney

Mailing Coordinator:

Buena Vista Publishing

Published by BUENA VISTA PUBLISHING for Florida Water Resources Journal, Inc. President: Richard Anderson (FSAWWA) Peace River/Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority Vice President: Greg Chomic (FWEA) Heyward Incorporated Treasurer: Rim Bishop (FWPCOA) Seacoast Utility Authority

65th Anniversary Issue 8 8 10 11 16 18

News and Features 4 31 53 54

Secretary: Holly Hanson (At Large) ILEX Services Inc., Orlando

Moving?

The Post Office will not forward your magazine. Do not count on getting the Journal unless you notify us directly of address changes by the 15th of the month preceding the month of issue. Please do not telephone address changes.

Email changes to changes@fwrj.com, fax to 352-241-6007, or mail to Florida Water Resources Journal, 1402 Emerald Lakes Drive, Clermont, FL 34711

Membership Questions FSAWWA: Casey Cumiskey – 407-957-8447 or fsawwa.casey@gmail.com FWEA: Karen Wallace, Executive Manager – 407-574-3318 FWPCOA: Darin Bishop – 561-840-0340

Training Questions

DEP Operator Certification: Ron McCulley – 850-245-7500 FSAWWA: Peggy Guingona – 407-957-8448 Florida Water Resources Conference: 888-328-8448 FWPCOA Operators Helping Operators: John Lang – 772-559-0722, e-mail – oho@fwpcoa.org FWEA: Karen Wallace, Executive Manager – 407-574-3318

Throughout this issue trademark names are used. Rather than place a trademark symbol in every occurrence of a trademarked name, we state we are using the names only in an editorial fashion, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. None of the material in this publication necessarily reflects the opinions of the sponsoring organizations. All correspondence received is the property of the Florida Water Resources Journal and is subject to editing. Names are withheld in published letters only for extraordinary reasons.

Authors agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Florida Water Resources Journal Inc. (FWRJ), its officers, affiliates, directors, advisors, members, representatives, and agents from any and all losses, expenses, third-party claims, liability, damages and costs (including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees) arising from authors’ infringement of any intellectual property, copyright or trademark, or other right of any person, as applicable under the laws of the State of Florida.

Calibrated Hydraulic and Water Quality Model Predictions Merge with Break History for an Innovative Approach to Prioritizing Water Main Replacement—Roberto A. Rosario, Christopher C. Baggett, and James McLellan

44

Distribution System Water Quality Models Support Treatment Process Decisions— Brandon Bryant, Michael Harber, and Robert Dehler

Education and Training 23 24 31 41 43 50 57

FWPCOA Online Training Institute FSAWWA Conference FSAWWA Water Conservation Awards CEU Challenge FWPCOA Training Calendar TREEO Center Training Florida Water Resources Conference Call for Papers

Columns 40 42 50 51 52 53 60

Websites Florida Water Resources Journal: www.fwrj.com FWPCOA: www.fwpcoa.org FSAWWA: www.fsawwa.org FWEA: www.fwea.org and www.fweauc.org Florida Water Resources Conference: www.fwrc.org

Can Mixing Systems Help Prevent Aging Surface Water?—Erika Henderson FWEA’s “Larry, Darryl, and Darrell” Attend WEF Specialty Conference Correction News Beat

Technical Articles 32

FSAWWA: Donna Metherall – 407-957-8443 or fsawwa.donna@gmail.com FWPCOA: Shirley Reaves – 321-383-9690

For Other Information

Introduction: 65 Years and Counting!

65-Year Journey of the Journal Florida Water Resources Conference History of the Florida Section AWWA History of the Florida Water Environment Association Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association History

FWEA Chapter Corner—Danielle Bertini FWEA Focus—Kart Vaith FSAWWA Speaking Out—Carl R. Larrabee Jr. Spotlight on Safety—Doug Prentiss Sr. Process Page—Terrence McCue and John Milligan C Factor—Jeff Poteet Certification Boulevard—Roy Pelletier

Departments 55 61 64 66

New Products Service Directories Classifieds Display Advertiser Index

Volume 66

ON THE COVER: The Journal’s 65th Anniversary logo. In this issue, read about the history of the magazine, the Florida Water Resources Conference, and the three organizations that publish the magazine: FSAWWA, FWEA, and FWPCOA.

August 2014

Number 8

Florida Water Resources Journal, USPS 069-770, ISSN 0896-1794, is published monthly by Florida Water Resources Journal, Inc., 1402 Emerald Lakes Drive, Clermont, FL 34711, on behalf of the Florida Water & Pollution Control Operator’s Association, Inc.; Florida Section, American Water Works Association; and the Florida Water Environment Association. Members of all three associations receive the publication as a service of their association; $6 of membership dues support the Journal. Subscriptions are otherwise available within the U.S. for $24 per year. Periodicals postage paid at Clermont, FL and additional offices.

POSTMASTER: send address changes to Florida Water Resources Journal, 1402 Emerald Lakes Drive, Clermont, FL 34711

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

3

Can Mixing Systems Help Prevent Aging Surface Water?

Erika Henderson In the past, many water operators thought daily turnover and fluctuation of volume was enough to mix the water in a storage tank. Today, research and tests are showing more effort may be needed to effectively mix storage tank water and improve water quality. Several water tank features can contribute to how effective water is mixed and the rate at which it ages.

A tank’s design, daily use, and location in the system should all be considered when deciding the best action for improving water quality.

Tanks with high height-to-diameter ratio, such as standpipes, are more susceptible to aging surface water because greater water variations can develop among the many layers. As the distance between surface and bottom water increases, more effort is required for the bottom layers to reach the distant top layers. The same thing applies when inlet and outlet pipes are both placed in the bottom ring of a tank. The new incoming water is also the first to exit the tank while surface water is left to continue aging. However, if the inlet pipe is extended to allow over-the-top filling, surface water can be pushed to the bottom and mixed with incoming water.

The American Water Works Association (AWWA) Manual M42, Steel Water Storage Tanks, states: “Water quality is a significant concern to water distribution system managers. Disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation is largely dependent on reaction time, and it can continue for several days within the distribution system. At the same time, disinfectant residual must be maintained throughout the most remote components of the system to ensure pathogen-free water.

4

Managing the residence time of water within storage tanks is one practice available to minimize water age within the distribution system.

Water system managers and engineers should consider the need for circulation of water and residence time management within storage tanks during the design phase.”

Although water quality and circulation are often discussed during the design phase, they are continuing concerns for water operators. Around the world, deaths and illnesses occur daily from unhealthy water, and water operators can lose their licenses to operate a water system if unhealthy water is found in their systems.

Great responsibility comes with being a water operator and many pride themselves on providing excellent water quality. A popular method for improving water quality is to install

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

a mixing system. Mixing systems can help prevent aging surface water that often leads to stratification, accumulation of DBPs, water quality loss, and ice formation.

Stratification Stratification occurs when water has become separated into layers, which are arranged according to density. Differences in density are created when variations of water temperature or pH exist. The warmer, less dense, older water sits above the cooler, denser, newer water coming in and creating layers. The incoming water stays near the bottom and is also the first to exit the tank if an over-the-top fill has not been installed.

The top layer of older water is left to age even further. As water ages, the quality deteriorates and bacterial growth increases. The bacteria may not cause sample problems in the warmer months, but may show up when the older, surface water begins to cool and sink to the bottom in the cooler months.

Water temperature can be checked every 5 ft during an inspection to help determine whether stratification is a problem. If stratification is an issue, then a mixing system may be needed. Mixing systems should be designed according to the tank’s unique dimensions and needs; most are designed to take the newer water from the bottom and mix it with the warmer surface water. Mixing helps maintain consistent water temperatures and pH levels throughout the tank, thus preventing stratification. However, mixing must occur regularly to prevent reoccurring stratification, sample inconsistences, and inaccurate disinfection treatment.

Continued on page 6

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

5

Continued from page 4

Disinfectant Byproducts Disinfectant decay occurs when chemicals used for disinfection react with other organic material, organisms, and surfaces. These reactions create carcinogenic disinfectant byproducts known as trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Byproducts are present in almost all chlorinated water supplies, but the key is keeping these levels as low as possible.

Mixing systems can help keep these levels low by effectively blending all water with disinfectants and increasing the contact time. When disinfectant contact time is increased, less chlorine concentration is needed and fewer byproducts are produced.

Ice Formation Most compounds become denser as they change from a liquid to a solid because the molecules become more tightly packed. However, water is most dense at 39.2°F (4°C), and becomes less dense at lower temperatures, causing ice to float. Water in a tank is the same, and according to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based

6

Fire Protection Systems, “the temperature of water tanks shall not be less than 40°F (4.4°C).”

When temperatures fall below freezing, ice can form on the surface. The ice will continue to expand and get thicker as the water temperature remains below freezing. Ice can cause serious damage to a tank: tank coatings are often damaged, pipes can become clogged, leaks and structural damage can result, and even tank failures have occurred from ice forming in water tanks.

The AWWA Manual M42 also states: “When a tank freezes, one or more of the following conditions usually results and cause leakage: Inside overflow or other piping breaks occur.

Ladders or other attachments to the container are pulled out by ice, making a hole at the point of attachment.

Ice pressure can expand and place hoop stress loads on the steel and seams, which may cause the tank wall to yield or burst.

Leaks due to corrosion become apparent.”

Mixing systems can provide regular water circulation to help maintain a consistent water temperature above freezing and prevent the water from separating into layers where dangerous ice can form on the surface and sides of tanks.

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Maintaining Water Quality All tanks should be regularly monitored for mixing efficiency, but tanks with low filling cycles, high volume, or at the end of a water system should be monitored more often.

These types of tanks may not only require mixing system upgrades, but may also require more frequent inspections and cleanings to maintain water quality and reduce aging surface water. Mixing systems can help prevent aging surface water, but they must be designed and installed properly to be effective.

References • American Water Works Association, 2013. Steel Water Storage Tanks. Manual M42 Revised Edition, Chapter 5, Water Quality Issues.

• American Water Works Association, 2013. Steel Water Storage Tanks. Manual M42 Revised Edition, Chapter 10, Results of Freezing.

• National Fire Protection Association, 2011.

Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems. NFPA 25 2011 Edition, Section 9.2.4.1.

Erika Henderson is director of research with Pittsburg Tank & Tower Co. Inc. in Henderson, Ky.

H I S T O R Y

65 Years— and Counting!

The Florida Water Resources Journal is excited about bringing you this August issue, which celebrates the 65th year of the magazine. As the official publication for the Florida Water & Pollution Control Operators Association (FWPCOA), the Florida of the Section American Water Works Association (FSAWWA), and the Florida Water Environment Association (FWEA), the Journal is proud to report every month on Florida’s growing and ever-changing water industry.

The issue includes the history of the magazine, the Florida Water Resources Conference, and the three sponsoring organizations. As you read the three articles about FSAWWA, FWEA, and FWPCOA, you will see that they share some of the same history, which shows how intertwined they were at the beginning and continue to be to this day.

While each association serves a distinct group, they all have one goal: to serve Florida’s water professionals.

As the water industry has changed and grown, so has the magazine. With timely and informative technical and feature articles addressing pertinent water topics; information on education, training, and professional development; updates from the heads of the three organizations; columns on certification, safety, continuing education units, legal, contractor, and other issues; company and reader profiles; the latest news and product information; and a classified and service directory, we strive to keep you up-to-date and give you the information you need to do your job well.

We appreciate the support you’ve given to the Journal over the decades and I’ve enjoyed my three years here.

We look forward to the work ahead to help keep you—and Florida—at the forefront of the water industry.

Rick Harmon, Editor

8

The 65-Year Journey of the Journal In 1949 the thennamed Florida Water and Sewerage Works Operators Association conducted a study of its membership, spearheaded by Emory Dawkins, the presidentelect of the organization.

One of the results of the study indicated that the members were in favor of a formal and monthly publication to address issues of importance to water professionals. By action of the board of directors, a newsletter was created and the title of editor was added to Dawkins’ position.

Dawkins, having access to the necessary printing and production equipment, and with the aid of the University of Florida sewage treatment plant operating staff, began publishing the newsletter, to which he gave the name The Overflow.

Initially, the new publication was a small, black-and-white, mimeographed, and stapled newsletter, but it was providing important information to the industry. The editor post was a volunteer position, and in 1952, Dawkins was followed by George Lohmeyer, who was succeeded

by Bob Simon in 1955. In that year, the newsletter began accepting advertisements.

In 1957, the operators association welcomed its sister organizations, the Florida Section American Water Works Association (FSAWWA) , and the wastewater group then known as the Florida Sewerage and Industrial Waste Association, to help produce the newsletter.

In its tenth year, in 1959, the newsletter progressed to a magazine, with its first full-color cover in 1961. Dawkins returned as editor in 1965. The following year a contract was signed with Cody Publications in Kissimmee to provide editorial preparation, advertising sales, printing, and distribution of the magazine; the editor would now be mainly responsible for gatherings articles and other editorial information.

The first editor under this new arrangement was Bill Simpson. In 1967, Dawkins, proposed a

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

name change for the magazine to something that would be better descriptive, but no action was taken.

The editor position remained voluntary. In 1971 Ellis K. Phelps took over as editor until 1979, when he was replaced by Everett Kinloch.

In 1985, the organizations ended the contract with Cody Publications and Emory Dawkins returned for his third tenure as editor. The name of the publication was changed to Florida Water Resources Journal.

John Crane took over as editor in 1987; he also sold the advertising and produced and published the magazine. In 1988, the Journal became a monthly periodical, and in the following year, it was printed in a full four-color format.

During Crane’s tenure, Florida Water Resources Journal Inc. was created as a nonprofit corporation to oversee the magazine’s production.

A board, consisting of a president, vice president, treasurer, and secretary, includes representatives from FWEA, FSAWWA, and the operators group now known as the Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association (FWPCOA).

In 2002, Buena Vista Publishing, a Florida company, became publisher of the magazine, handling advertising sales and all production. The company also hired James Allen as the new editor, which was now a paid position.

Allen retired in July 2011. Rick Harmon, who worked for AWWA in Denver for 25 years, took over and is the current editor.

With technology not imagined in 1949 at the magazine’s inception, Harmon is able to remain in Denver and conduct all business for Buena Vista and the Journal online.

The magazine continues to serve the Florida water industry and today prints nearly 10,000 copies for distribution throughout the state. It can also be accessed from its website at www.fwrj.com.

H I S T O R Y

Florida Water Resources Conference Continues to Serve the Water Industry The Articles of Incorporation to form Florida Water Resources Conference Inc. were signed on April 29, 1989, by E.H. Pearch, Robert L. Claudy, and Kenneth M. Drury. The purpose of this nonprofit organization was solely for general charitable and educational purposes in accordance with Florida statutes. It operates for the advancement of science and education by distribution of its funds, particularly for development of professional continuing education in environmental materials, journals, services, and scholarly activities associated with the water and wastewater industry.

The board of directors for the organization consists of seven members from each of the three member organizations: the Florida Section American Water Works Association, the Florida Water Environment Association, and the Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association. The board of trustees consists of three members from each of these groups. Initial trustees at the organization’s inception were: E.H. Pearch Patricia Lodge Patrick Karney Timothy Brodeur Robert Claudy Allen Roberts Robert Parmelee Kenneth Drury Mary K. Kinloch

Inaugural Conference In 1990, the first Florida Water Resources Conference (FWRC) was held at the Twin Towers in Orlando, with 55 exhibitors and 1,063 attendees. A committee of local volunteers engineered the FWRC for the first 10 years. The conference rotated around the state, with the premise of traveling to north, south, and central Florida, and to include the cities of Tampa, Jacksonville, Ft. Lauderdale, Ft. Meyers, and Miami. Due to attendee preference, the conference is now usually held in the Orlando area.

In 2000, the board named an executive director and decided to outsource complete conference services. The 2014 FWRC, recently held at Disney’s Coronado Springs Resort, had 302 exhibitors and 2,626 attendees—an overall growth of almost 35 percent.

Future Conferences The 2015 FWRC will be held May 3-6 at the Caribe Royale Resort in Orlando. The Gaylord Palms Resort, in Kissimmee, will host the 2016 event on April 24-27.

10

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

H I S T O R Y

History of the Florida Section AWWA The Florida Section American Water Works Association (FSAWWA), came into being in1926 at an organizational meeting in Tampa. For two years before this, many water works individuals teamed together to bring this auspicious event about. This history does not mention all of the people who worked so hard toward this success, but some of the prime movers are noted.

Fred Lane, superintendent of the St. Petersburg Water Department, was instrumental in the state’s break from the Southeastern Section of AWWA. In July 1925, H. T. Oberly, assistant superintendent at St. Petersburg, started working to form a Florida Section, ably abetted and encouraged by E. L. Filby, chief engineer of the Florida State Board of Health. They worked alone for six months, but once the idea become known, there was enthusiasm from many others, principally Anson W. Squires, superintendent of the Tampa Water Department; A. F. Michaels, chief engineer of Orlando Utilities Commission; and C. C. Brown in Lakeland.

For a new section to be formed, a petition from the sponsoring group needed to be presented to AWWA at one of its meetings. The group’s petition was prepared and signed by 25 sponsors.

The legwork required to visit the many water works personnel around the state to get their input was handled by Filby and several water works equipment salespeople, whose work required them to travel to the state’s various water plants. Their reports as to the interest in the formation of the Florida section were collected and consolidated by the St. Petersburg Water Department. Most of the clerical work was handled and paid for by Lane and Oberly (who also paid for some traveling expenses out of their own pockets) and by Filby.

In June 1926, a delegation from Florida presented the petition to AWWA at its annual meeting in Buffalo, N. Y., asking for a charter for the formation of a Florida section. This petition was acted upon favorably, paving the way for the new section. At this time, there were 19 active AWWA members listed in Florida.

Filby wrote a series of inspiring messages that he termed "Florida Section Notes" and mailed them to members of AWWA living in Florida, and to prospective members. He also addressed a letter to "Honorable City Clerk" to all cities known to have water works, giving the reason for the formation of this group and its importance to the future of Florida, and asked that each city clerk take up this matter with the city council, encouraging the attendance of their water works superintendent at a first organiza-

tional meeting. There is no doubt that this work of Filby’s was responsible for the unexpectedly large turnout at the first meeting.

In 1926, the fantastic "land boom" in Miami had spread over most of the state, followed by an enormous population increase. The so-called “Florida Story,” where millions could be made overnight, was spread across the United States.

In all of 1925, Miami issued over 7,500 real estate licenses. Since the start of the boom in 1921, nearly 1,000 subdivisions had been platted in the Miami area alone.

This development was not confined to the Dade County area. St. Petersburg, Tampa, Sarasota, Daytona, and St. Augustine were expanding rapidly.

With all of this sudden growth in mind, it is no wonder that the responsible people in the water works industry became concerned. Probably of most concern to the State Board of Health was the potential for a massive epidemic ever present in the overcrowded conditions, particularly in Dade County. Lack of safe water supplies was only one of the problems—but a vital one. Where was the water to come from to sup-

ply the needs for all of these people? Where was the money for the physical plants to produce and deliver the water? It’s no wonder that those in the water works industry wanted to band together to try to help solve these problems.

Florida’s future at the time looked very bright—but then came the hurricane of Sept.

17, 1926. Suddenly, the Florida boom ended, not to be regenerated until the end of World War II. The greatest damage was in Dade County, but the financial panic was felt over most of the state.

In spite of this disaster and the revision of water works priorities, plans for the Florida section went on.

Plans for the new section’s first organizational meeting were made at utilities in St. Petersburg, Tampa, and Orlando. Squires, Oberly, Michaels, Filby, and Brown were the principal organizers and the meeting was held at Squires’ office in Tampa’s city hall. At this time, it was estimated that between 15 and 20 interested people would attend.

Organizational Meeting On Nov. 18, 1926, Squires, serving as acting chair, called the meeting to order. He recounted the events leading up to the formation of the section, the preparation and presentation of the petition to AWWA, and its concurrence granting a charter for the new section.

Continued on page 12

Old Tampa City Hall

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

11

H I S T O R Y Continued from page 11 Florida had plenty of water, but the best water was in the most slowly growing areas of the state. The central highlands were predominantly agricultural, while the most populous areas of the state along the coasts had the most problems in securing water of adequate potability, due to high salinity, hardness, and iron content. The formation of the section, it was hoped, would result in exchanges of experiences and information among the members that would lead to better solutions for all concerned.

Filby, the acting secretary-treasurer, reported on the present status of the section and the need for additional members if the group was to prosper and accomplish its intended purpose.

He pointed out that membership would include the Association’s magazine, Journal AWWA, a monthly publication containing many articles concerning water works practices, covering both operational and management topics.

During the meeting, officers of the new section were selected: Squires was elected the first chair; Eugene Masters, St. Augustine, vice chair; and Filby, the first secretary-treasurer.

The directors, as they were called at the time (at the Tampa meeting in April 1936, a motion was proposed and adopted to change the word "directors" in the constitution to '"trustees"), who were elected were: Brown; Michaels; Y. A. Richards, Daytona Beach; Lane; L. B. Duane, Sanford; and F. J. Stewart, Hollywood. A constitution had been prepared, which was read and adopted at the meeting, and the section came into being.

The first annual meeting was held in Hollywood on April 12, 1927, with, on the following day, inspection trips to the new Ft. Lauderdale

12

water filtration plant and the West Palm Beach plant. Squires presided at the business meeting with Filby and there were approximately 60 people registered.

The members petitioned the state legislature for laws regulating cross connections between potable supplies and unacceptable supplies, and to appropriate additional funds for the use of the state geologist, Dr. Herman Gunter, and the U. S. Geological Survey to continue the necessary investigations, study, and determinations as to the character, sources, and quantity of underground waters of the state being used for public purposes. They petitioned the State Board of Health to provide for extending its valuable services to the chemical analysis so that advice, information, and recommendations of the chemical properties of the water supplies used for public purposes could be secured.

Annual Meetings Continue The second annual meeting was held in Orlando on April 3-4, 1928, and Jacksonville served as the site of the third annual meeting held April 10-11, 1929. These and subsequent meetings followed the same format as the first.

At the third meeting, the resolutions that were adopted included the following: "Resolved in view of the increasing interest in the possibility of licensing and certification of water works operators, this section will lend much support to this movement as subsequently appears desirable to its members, and that in the meantime, the chair of this section be empowered to appoint a committee of one to investigate what action is being taken on this subject throughout the country and to report with a def-

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

inite recommendation to this section at its next annual meeting."

No further comments on this subject are recorded until the ninth meeting, which was held in 1935. At that meeting, a report was given on the licensing of water plant operators and a review of practices in other states. It took until 1970 before the state adopted mandatory certification of water and wastewater plant operators.

Of great concern to local engineers was the fact that no topographic survey of the state had ever been made. Land elevations were known only at railroad stations, where they had been established by railroad engineers in their surveys.

Two resolutions were passed at the 1929 meeting in Jacksonville. The first resolution called for preparation of a bill to be presented to the 1929 legislature that requested an annual appropriation of not less than $25,000 for this survey work and to stipulate the state agency authorized to direct the expenditure of this money in cooperation with the federal government. The second resolution urged Florida's national senators and members of Congress to exert every effort to secure the necessary appropriations.

The federal government, through its geological, coast, and geodetic surveys, had offered to prepare topographic maps of the state and to bear the major cost of the work. The estimated price tag was $108,000, and the U.S. Congress appropriated the money needed for completion of this work.

The fourth annual meeting was held in Gainesville on April 11, 1930. The meeting was held in conjunction with the first short school for water works operators.

H I S T O R Y Short School Beginnings In 1929, Professor A.P. Black, with the backing of the executive board of the section, approached the General Extension Division of the University of Florida, which had responsibility for correspondence courses and the short schools offered by the university. The request to sponsor a short school for water works operators was at first turned down due to lack of budgeted funds at the time and the feeling that the cost of such a school could not be justified.

However, the proponents of the idea, led by Black and supported by the FSAWWA, did convince the General Extension Division of the merit of the proposal and a program was prepared for a short school to be held in conjunction with the 1930 annual meeting.

The school was held April 8-11, with the section meeting held April 10-11. Due to the careful planning of Professor Black and his committee, several nationally prominent water works authorities were attracted to this school, in addition to local water professionals who provided the major portion of the instructional staff.

This first school was a great success, with 58 registrants. This performance demonstrated to the General Extension Division of the University the interest of the water works industry and the value to the state to be derived from its continuation.

In conjunction with the fifth annual meeting of FSAWWA, held April 2-3, 1931, in West Palm Beach, another short school was offered. Registration for the short course was 76 and registration for the meeting reached 98, the largest attendance ever at a section meeting up to this time.

St. Petersburg was the site of the sixth annual meeting held March 16-18, 1932. This is the first time that a financial statement was included in the secretary's report. The only expenses were $77.95 covering postage, stationery, and the printing of 200 programs. The report showed a balance on hand of $137.38. The only revenue was $126.25 from AWWA headquarters.

In 1932, at the time of the sixth meeting, the U.S. president was Herbert Hoover. The stock market crash had occurred in October 1929, his first year in office. His efforts to curb the resulting depression, such as the "Emergency Relief and Reconstruction Act," did not help the country much. Efforts to liberalize the bill in order to make money available to state, municipal, and other public bodies for works "needful and in the public interest," rather than being restricted to "self liquidating" projects, were hindered by the fact that in the 1932 national election, Hoover was defeated by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

FSAWWA Annual Meeting at Camp Roosevelt in Ocala.

As was happening across the country, Florida’s state and municipal services suffered, and water works maintenance and expansion had a low priority.

The seventh annual meeting was held in Gainesville on April 12, 1933, in conjunction with the third annual short course. No reason is given for restricting this meeting to one day, but it is possible that the depression had a lot to do with it: No fee was charged for the short course.

On July 5, 1933, a meeting was held in Gainesville to discuss the provisions of the National Recovery Act (NRA) as they applied to water works projects and to formulate plans to take advantage of this federal program. An executive committee to act as a steering committee or clearinghouse was appointed, consisting of J. R. Hoy, W. Austin Smith, and L. G. Lenart. Plans were made to survey the state to locate projects that would qualify for the federal financial assistance. A project committee was also selected, with each member given responsibility for selecting the water works improvements deemed eligible under the provisions of the NRA. Due to the economic hardships of the country, section membership dropped. In 1931 the total membership was only 24, down from 50 in 1928. This was temporary, however, and by 1936, 49 active members were listed.

Daytona Beach was the site of the eighth annual meeting, held April 16-17, 1934. During a morning session, one paper presented was of particular interest to the water works industry.

The Federal Public Works Administration (PWA) was getting underway and money was available for all manner of public facilities, including water works. The state administrator for PWA was James E. Cotton, who spoke about the program and explained how municipalities could qualify for federal financing. During the next few years, many millions of dollars were

spent in Florida, not only on water works projects, but also for sewage treatment and highway improvements.

The ninth annual meeting was held in West Palm Beach on March 27-30, 1935, again in connection with the short course. Unlike past meetings, there were no separate sessions for operators and AWWA members; the program for FSAWWA and the short course were identical.

Starting at this meeting, some of the papers presented were mimeographed and bound for distribution to the members. This meeting’s proceedings included a report from a survey of state sanitary engineers conducted by AWWA. Twenty-nine of the respondents reported having no laws or regulations concerning qualifications of water works operator personnel. Two states, New Jersey and Michigan, had laws requiring certification of superintendents and operators by written examination in several grades of competence.

It is apparent from a reading of the report that most of the state sanitary engineers and health departments were in favor of operator certification. Another concern was operator turnover due to changes in local politics; superintendent and operators were often hired on the basis of political favor rather than by qualifications for the job.

Texas had a voluntary certification plan carried out by the Texas Section AWWA, which conducted short school classes for training. The stated objective was “to set up some defense for the operators against local job seekers, political favorites who seek office with the change in administration.”

The current section membership totaled 46 active members and 4 corporate members.

The tenth annual meeting was held in Tampa on March 31-April 2, with the short Continued on page 14

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

13

H I S T O R Y Continued from page 13 course included. A resolution was adopted requesting that the University of Florida include in its Extension Division budget an amount sufficient to finance an annual short course in water works and water treatment. Such a course would be a direct benefit to the inhabitants of Florida and a justifiable expenditure for the protection of their health.

Short School Comes Into Its Own In 1937, it was decided to cooperate with the University of Florida and the State Board of Health in putting on a short school in water and sewage immediately preceding the convention, but not as a part of the convention as in past schools. This practice was followed at the 1938 meeting in Daytona Beach.

The title of the short course was changed from "Short Course in Water Treatment” to “Short Course in Water and Sewage Treatment," recognizing the importance of the careful disposal of the increasing amounts of municipal wastes to the future of Florida.

At the executive committee meeting on Nov. 28, 1938, the question of the separation of the short course and the annual convention was discussed at length. It was becoming apparent that the short course should be held at Gainesville each year because of the availability of the necessary facilities. Separation from the convention would provide more time and a better environment for the school.

The separation of the section meeting and the short course was made and continued until 1941, when the section changed to a fall meeting. It was decided that the short course would be held in April to coincide with the spring school holidays at Gainesville.

This schedule remained essentially unchanged for the next 40 years, except in 1943 and 1944, which was due wartime disruptions.

Certification of Operators The first indication of interest in the certification of plant operators was brought up at the third annual meeting in Jacksonville in April 1929. A resolution was adopted authorizing the chair to appoint a committee to investigate what action was being taken throughout the country in this matter. There is no record as to who was appointed this task and no record of any further comment on this matter until the ninth annual meeting in March 1935, when a report was given summarizing the practices in other states.

No record of any comments about the subject has been found until the trustees meeting in April 1943. At that meeting, the records show that a decision was reached to offer examinations in connection with the next short course for

14

Class B, C, and D operator certification. This established the voluntary certification plan, which remained in effect until mandatory certification was adopted in 1971.

After the Half-Century Mark In 1971, central Florida and its water systems were changed forever with the arrival of Walt Disney World. The construction of MGM Studios in the late 1980s and the subsequent growth in construction and facilities due to tourism continued to impact the area.

In 1983, the discovery of ethylene dibromide (EDB) in some water wells provided the media with an abundance of news coverage; even radiation was found in wells at phosphate mine sites. These situations were of great concern to all water utilities, and consequently, it led the industry to a more sophisticated monitoring process.

The section diligently opposed the Conserve I wastewater injection plan in central Florida. Several energetic and knowledgeable members of the section we were able to inform the authorities of the long-range adverse effects of such a plan.

A constructive spinoff from the Conserv I exercise resulted in a motion to the AWWA board of directors, which was unanimously adopted, to “develop and adopt a standard for safe drinking water.”

Passage of a comprehensive plan by the 1985 Florida legislature gave the state a strategy to guide growth into the next century. The important portion of this legislation addresses water resources, which states: “Florida shall assure the availability of an adequate supply of water all competing uses deemed reasonable and beneficial and shall maintain the functions of natural systems and the overall present level of surface and groundwater quality.”

In other areas of change affecting the water resources of Florida, the Environmental Efficiency Study Commission (EESC) recommended that the entire potable water program be put into the Department of Environmental Regulation (DER). The DER reorganized into four divisions: air resources management, waste management, water facilities, and water management. Further efforts to consolidate the management of water resources in Florida were discussed at a seminar sponsored by the Joint Water Resources Board on April 18, 1988.

The pressure on the industry to use water wisely resulted in the promotion of the concepts of water reuse and water conservation. Many utilities explored the use of wetlands for water reuse and Xeriscape landscaping for water con-

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

servation programs. The state’s five water management districts continued to look at water reuse and water conservation during application for consumptive use permits.

A major event for the section was the hosting of the 1988 AWWA Annual Conference in Orlando on June 19-23. The conference had 11,517 attendees, setting a registration record.

The membership of the section that year reached 2,115.

In 1991, FSAWWA began operating under a completely new organizational structure consisting of councils that paralleled those of AWWA: administrative, education, technical, and utility. In February, the section‘s leadership held a strategic planning meeting to develop a mission, goals, and charges for the four councils.

The mission statement outlined the section’s position as: “The Florida Section of AWWA provides its members with an opportunity to address drinking water issues to assure present and future generations of Florida with sufficient supply of high-quality drinking water.”

Five primary strategic goals were developed: (1) promote public understanding of the drinking water industry and related issues, (2) support the professional development of its members, (3) participate in Florida’s legislative and regulatory processes as a regular and respected voice for the drinking water industry, (4) promote effective management and protection of Florida’s drinking water, and (5) enhance FSAWWA’s organizational structure.

Full-Time Staff The section raised its dues and hired a parttime executive director to establish a more permanent address (previously, the section used the address of the chair, which rotated every year) and to provide better membership recruiting and focus on training programs. The section chose Allen B. Roberts as the first section director after he retired from the City of Ft. Lauderdale as utilities director. Roberts had previously served as chair of the section in 1987.

After a number of years, Roberts retired from the section, and his replacement was the section’s first full-time executive director, Charlotte St. John. She had previous experience with utilities and was director of public affairs at AWWA, which proved very helpful in the section’s counsel and support from the Association.

Charlotte served for about five years and was succeeded by Michelle Miller, who continues to work with the section in coordinating educational training programs and the record keeping for continuing educations units (CEUs) and professional development hours (PDHs).

The next executive director, Bobbi Hinde,

H I S T O R Y was hired in 2004. She continued the mission of the section, especially in the areas of recruiting, finances, and training programs. While the section reached 2,000 members in 1987, it took about 20 years to break the 3,000-members mark in 2006.

Conferences After a long and continued history of joint annual conferences with FWEA and FWPCOA, the section decided to start its own separate conference in 1997. One of the main reasons was to keep to a fall meeting schedule for the rotation of the section’s officers. The first conference was in Orlando, with a customer service theme, and had about 100 registrants.

Utility Council In the 1970s and 80s, the section had a legislative committee, and the most active member was Tom Smith of the City of Tallahassee. Since he lived in the state capital, Smith would attend various committee hearings and legislative sessions on bills of interest that the section tracked.

As something of interest came up, he would put out a call and section members would go to the capital to testify and have conversations with local delegates. During this period, Glenn Dykes, a section chair who was formerly with the Department of Health and later with DER, would let the section know of pending rule and regulatory changes so that members could participate in public hearings.

In the late 1980s, the section was able to get a bill passed about the unscrupulous advertisements by point-of-use water equipment vendors.

The board of governors soon realized that to be recognized as an authority on drinking water, the section would have to hire a lobbyist to provide more presence in the house and the senate for the all-important committee meetings and hearings.

The section’s Utility Council was created, and it was aligned with the AWWA council structure. With Ray Boyd, of Orlando Utilities Commission, as chair, the council started to solicit membership by subscription to raise money for a paid lobbyist. The section is now considered a strong and recognized voice for water matters.

Strong Regions In the early 1990s, the section reorganized into local regions so more members could participate at the local level, both in educational opportunities and leadership positions. The regions helped to promote the responsibilities of the section trustees who served on the board of directors but did not have any other major roles.

While the board, in practice, readily adapted the idea, there was a long implementation period.

Since 1999, the regions have grown in number and membership, and many have their own officers and committees.

To further enhance the regions, young professionals were encouraged to participate in leadership roles on committees, and in training and education ptograms.

Emergency Preparedness The section was able to quickly develop a model training course for utilities as part of the overall national defense program following the events of September 11th. This security program was developed under a federal grant, specifically with input from state utilities, and has become a model for other sections in AWWA to follow.

After Hurricane Charley hit Florida in 2004, it became evident to water utilities that there was a need to establish a cooperative working agreement that could be used ahead of natural disasters to share help and equipment and to become eligible for reimbursement by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), when they qualified. In response, the Florida Water Agency Resource Network (FlaWARN) was created.

The new organization was tested soon after Charley when Hurricanes Rita and Katrina hit the Gulf States, and Wilma hit south Florida in 2005, and proved to be helpful in quickly restoring services to citizens. Many other sections of AWWA have developed their own versions of FlaWARN. Charitable Causes The section has two charitable causes: the Roy Likins Scholarship and Water For People.

The scholarship fund has grown over the years, especially after the section started an annual golf tournament to raise money. As the regions have become stronger, several of them hold their own golf tournaments, silent auctions, and fishing events, with the proceeds contributing to the fund. The Scholarship Committee awards several scholarships, totally approximately $25,000, each year to deserving students at Florida universities.

The section and its regions collect more than $60,000 each year for Water For People.

Some of the money goes to the national organization, as some has been used to assist the state’s Caribbean neighbors, such as Honduras, in times of need after hurricane disasters.

Recent History In 2006, the section celebrated its 80th anniversary. The Section held the first joint conference with AWWA section leaders from Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. The primary topic of discussion was the National WARN (Water and

Wastewater Alert Response Network) System and how it can be enhanced to ensure that an action plan for mutual aid and assistance among states happens as effortlessly as possible.

In 2007, the section established headquarters in a downtown Orlando office and expanded its staffing. Peggy Guingona was hired as an administrative assistant in September. In 2009, the headquarters moved to St. Cloud City Hall.

Following on the success of the Contractors Council founded in 2008, the board of governors approved the formation of an Operators Council. The mission of the council is to increase member services to water and distribution system operators and to provide direction on longterm operator needs and priorities.

Florida 2030 Water Summit The Florida 2030 initiative experienced great success in its first year in 2008. An inaugural Florida 2030 Water Summit, sponsored by the section’s Utility Council, was held at the 2009 fall conference to develop legislative priorities and initiatives for 2011, addressing topics such as adequate water supply, agriculture, and the environment.

A Look at Today—and What’s Ahead The section has grown to nearly 3,000 members and is the fourth largest section in AWWA. Six Association presidents have come from the section: A.P Black, Cesar Wurtz, Charley Black, Curtis Stanton, Ed Singley, and Bevin Beaudet. The fall conference now attracts more than 1400 attendees and 190 exhibitors.

The section’s 2014 strategic plan has identified the following to keep the section moving forward: Vision – A Better Florida through Better Water Mission – Uniting the water community to effectively manage water, the world’s most important resource.

Core Principles – Protect public health Safeguard the environment Pursue excellence Act with integrity Provide value Foster diversity and inclusion This article was compiled and edited by Tim Brodeur. Special thanks to Bob Claudy who organized the early history with contributions from some of the first members, Keith Chin and Bob Hoy. Also thanks to Ana Gonzalez, Hazen & Sawyer staff, and Anke Becker, who helped with the recreation of text from early records.

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

15

H I S T O R Y

History of the Florida Water Environment Association The Florida Water Environment Association (FWEA) began in 1941 as the Florida Sewerage and Industrial Waste Association.

The name was changed in 1960 to Florida Pollution Control Association, and to its present name in 1992. The name changes are reflective of the evolution of public attitudes about the wastewater environment over the years.

The purpose of FWEA is to share information about water reclamation among Florida utilities and with the public. The organization’s mission is to unite water quality professionals who protect Florida’s clean water environment through education programs and professional development, and by the promotion of sound public policy through its committees, local chapters, and student chapters, and by the Utility Council.

The first officers of the Association were David B. Lee, president; Leland F. Drew, vice president; and S.W. Wells, secretary-treasurer.

Beginning of the Conference and Magazine The Association began holding annual conferences in 1942 and in conjunction with the Florida Section American Water Works Association (FSAWWA) in 1949. At the conference, FWEA offers workshops, seminars, and technical sessions. It also sponsors an annual banquet, where a number of prestigious awards are presented that recognize outstanding accomplishments of its members. The awards are: Arthur S. Bedell Award, which was established in 1951 and recognizes extraordinary personal service to the Association.

Leroy H. Scott Award, established in 1952 and given for demonstrated willingness to help others solve utility-related issues.

William D. Hatfield Award, given for outstanding performance, management, and advancement of knowledge in the field of water pollution control and recognizes outstanding treatment plant operation. It was established in 1956.

L.L. Hedgepath Award was established in 1960 and is given for outstanding work in industrial treatment or industrial waste programs.

Earl B. Phelps Award recognizes outstanding treatment plants and was established in 1964.

16

Association Entities Water Utility Council The Utility Council was formed in 1998 to promote sound public policy in the water quality and wastewater industry. The council consists of representatives of wastewater utilities throughout the state who work together to address legislative and regulatory issues and keep FWEA members informed of the latest developments. The council works to educate policy makers about the intricacies of water quality and wastewater management.

Ralph H. Baker Award was established in 1974 and is presented to an FWEA member who has done outstanding work in membership recruitment.

Al Herndon Award recognizes outstanding industrial pretreatment programs.

David York Reuse Award recognizes the contribution to the advancement of reclaimed water use in Florida by an individual or utility.

The FWEA also presents a unique award each year at the conference to recognize individuals who have made significant contributions to the Association. The highly coveted sludge shovel pin is presented to a consultant, vendor, or utility owner or operator to recognized induction into the Florida Select Society of Sanitary Sludge Shovelers.

The FWEA joined with FSAWWA and the Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association (FWPCOA) to manage what was becoming two enormous undertakings: the annual conference, presented every spring, and the industry magazine, the Florida Water Resources Journal.

The Florida Water Resources Conference Inc. (FWRC) and the Florida Water Resources Journal Inc. (FWRJ) now function as not-for-profit entities under the federal tax code. The conference draws over 2500 attendees for its four days of workshops, technical sessions, exhibits, and meetings.

The magazine is published monthly and includes technical and feature articles; industry, product, and host organization news; columns on certification, safety, law, and other topics; and columns from the heads of the three organizations.

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Chapters Eight local chapters provide opportunities for professional development and networking for members at regular chapter meetings. Each meeting focuses on a topic of local interest related to water quality and wastewater, and chapters develop and host technical and fundraising activities. Local chapters include Big Bend, Central, First Coast, Manasota, Southeast, Southwest, Treasure Coast, and West Coast.

Student Chapters Student chapters are active at ten universities: Florida Atlantic University (FAU), Florida International University (FIU), Florida State University (FSU), Florida Gulf Coast University, University of Central Florida (UCF), University of Florida (UF), University of Miami (UM), University of North Florida (UNF), University of South Florida (USF), and Florida Institute of Technology (FIT).

Student activities include meetings featuring speakers from the wastewater industry, career fairs, and a student design competition that showcases senior capstone projects, which enables student teams to receive school credit and compete for scholarships, cash and travel awards, and membership in the Water Environment Federation (WEF). The competition has been praised by professors and students as an opportunity to work on real-world projects and has resulted in job offers to several design team members. The Association pays for the winning team to travel to and compete in the national student design competition at the Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC), which was started in 2002 and modeled on FWEA’s design contest.

Committees Twenty-four committees provide technical education and professional programs for members through seminars, workshops, and conferences, offering access to technical experts in the wastewater field. Active committees include the following: Air Quality Awards Biosolids Collection Systems Communications History and Constitution Industrial International Leadership and Development Membership Nominating Operations Challenge Organization Performance Operations Research Policies and Procedures Phelps Award Public Education Safety Seminars Stormwater Young Professionals Training Water Reuse Student Activities Over the years, FWEA committees have presented programs on biosolids; stormwater management; emerging issues in reclaimed water; implementation of capacity, management, operation, and maintenance (CMOM); and workplace efficiency. Committees also offer outstanding opportunities for networking, and also leadership and management development.

Organization Growth Membership in the organization was 200 in 1955, at 500 in 1963, more than 1,000 in 1974, and today it exceeds 1,700. The Association continues to make historic strides in the advancement of the science and technology of the water environment, making it a leading professional water organization in Florida.

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

17

H I S T O R Y

Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association History The Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association is comprised of members who are actively engaged in or deal with the production, treatment, or distribution of water and/or the collection, treatment, or disposal of wastewater, both industrial and domestic. The Association was created to advance the professional status of water and wastewater operators, provide a system for licensing operators, and arrange educational and training programs.

The organization works closely with the Florida Section American Water Works Association, Florida Water Environment Association, Florida State Department of Health, Florida State Department of Environmental Protection, and the state education system—in particular, the University of Florida—to accomplish these goals.

The Beginning A history of the Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association begins in 1929, when the organization first came into being as the Water and Sewage Plant Operators Association. For who are old enough to remember, the mere mention of 1929 brings to mind the dark picture of the lean years that the Stock Market Crash in October of that year initiated.

The Crash, which came so close on the heels of the “burst” of the Florida real estate boom of 1925-26, left many of Florida’s communities with unfinished water systems and with no or inadequate treatment works. The Great Depression that followed further hampered the development of these water facilities.

When the state’s General Extension Division, which had the responsibility for correspondence courses and short schools, was approached in the year 1929 with a suggestion of a short course for water plant operators it at first refused to be involved because of lack of sufficiency in its own budget and it couldn’t risk any of it on a school that was seen as a questionable investment. However, because it was believed by a few that the members of the state’s water utilities were interested enough to finance the course through their own fees, and because a portion of the course expense was guaranteed if it was not met by these fees, the first short course convened in Gainesville on April 8-11, 1930, with 58 operators attending. As a result of careful planning, many of the great names in the

18

water utility industry of that day were attracted to this short course.

Due to the success, which in a large measure reflected a need, a short school was again held in 1931 and then biennially until 1935, when one was convened in West Palm Beach, followed in 1936 by one in Tampa, one at Camp Roosevelt near Ocala in 1937 (with 92 attendees), and one in Daytona in 1938.

The Florida Section AWWA had encouraged, and in many ways contributed to, the success of the school. The Florida State Board of Health, seeing the school an efficient way of fulfilling a portion of its responsibility, also lent invaluable aid. These two organizations have continued to be sponsors of this program.

In spite of the Great Depression, communities gradually began to improve their water utilities, and the need for operators educated in the field brought about a change in thinking, both on the part of the communities and of the operators themselves. Thus, the short school was seen as having an increasingly important role in the Florida water industry.

The Growth of an Industry Community sewage treatment plants were all but unknown in the septic-tank-riddled Florida in the 1930s. Only six or seven sizable cities or towns had plants, but in some cases, they were like Fort Lauderdale, which had a fine activated sludge plant built during the boom days. The State Board of Health was working on obtaining improvement to the treatment facility in Miami (i.e., Biscayne Bay), as well as in Tampa (Tampa Bay) and Jacksonville (St. Johns River). Perhaps these help account for the 25 plants that came into being in Florida by 1940, as shown by the State Board of Health records.

Other communities were not fortunate enough to have the large dilution factor available to these three cities, and as the influx of people into Florida continued and increased, some communities faced severe problems.

A greater threat was beginning to challenge the world. Storm clouds gathered over Europe as conflict erupted, which caused a flurry of preparedness in the United States. There was a greater availability of money, and towns and cities began to prepare plans for utility improvement, but the outlook for sewage treatment for the communities of Florida continued

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

to look slim. In May 1940, a few interested water professionals banded together to change the organization created in 1929 into the Florida Sewage Works Association.

David B. Lee, the director and chief engineer for the Florida State Board of Health, was a strong proponent for the new organization. He had strong, forward-looking ideas about Florida’s needs in the field of water supply, waste collection, and treatment, as well as in other fields over which his department had supervision.

As the Florida Sewage Works Association was completing its formation, a small group of people at the Florida Section AWWA meeting in Orlando in 1941began to discuss the growing health problems of the state they called home.

They recognized that, in that era, membership of both the Florida Section AWWA and the Florida Sewage Works Association was largely plant superintendents, consulting engineers, manufacturers’ representatives, community utility officials, and similar water-related personnel.

It was J.R. Hoy, a local representative for the Wallace and Tiernan Company, who suggested that there was a need for an association of water works operators. This suggestion was supported by the man who organized the first Florida water works short school and who had been, in large measure, responsible for the schools between 1930 and 1940 —Dr. A. P. Black.

With this strong backing and the unanimous vote of several operators present, Dick Gibson, then superintendent of the Fort Pierce Water Plant, was persuaded to be the chair of a committee to do a feasibility study for the organization. Gibson deserves the credit for putting wheels under the plan. He visited South Carolina where an operators association was already in place.

The personnel of the Florida State Board of Health, prior to 1941, had strong reservations about adding their vote of approval for any such plan, feeling that it would tend to operate as an organization with an interest in the financial betterment of the operators themselves rather than in the interest of the public. However, the personnel of the State Board of Health, beginning in mid-1941, were highly in favor of the operators association. Those influential in the organization’s development that they labored diligently to produce developed a plan they thought would be acceptable to the Board of Health.

As the operator’s organization appeared on the verge of being realized, Keith Chinn, superintendent of the West Palm Beach Water

H I S T O R Y Plant, persuaded his company’s attorney to draw up a constitution and bylaws. In a meeting of five people, including Chinn, Gibson, and Hoy, in West Palm Beach in the summer of 1941, the Florida Water Works Operators Association had become a reality.

Keith Chinn was elected the first president; R. M. Johnson, the vice president, and Bob Carnahan of Bradenton, the first secretary-treasurer.

The members of the first board of governors were Harry Gahn, Anson DeWolf, Ralph Reynolds, Hoy, and Gibson.

Changes From War The war in Europe continued and there was concern that the United States might become involved, or might even be forced to defend itself against an invasion. The U.S. government was taking what it believed to be the necessary steps to meet this threat, and as a result, military training camps and establishments had sprung up all over the country. Florida, with its coastal location, had its lion’s share.

Such establishments were, in a large sense, specialized municipalities. The Army, Navy, Marines, and similar military bodies had no doubts about the importance of water supplies, sewage treatment, and refuse disposal. The military establishments were therefore equipped with utilities, which in many cases were superior to those of the towns around them.

The water plant operators with reserve status were rapidly being called up, and one of these was Bob Carnahan. The operators association thereby lost a man, who had been very active in its formation even before he had much, if any, chance to attend to the duties of his office.

On Dec. 7, 1941, the decision for the United States to enter the war was decided by the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. Shortly afterward, the country declared war on Hitler and his cohorts. Military preparedness now became military mobilization, and military establishments in Florida doubled, and then tripled; who was worried about an operators association? It is understandable that the short course for water plant operators held in Gainesville in 1942 had, at 48, a near-record-low attendance. Some operators were leaving their old positions in order to help out the military and usually, at the same time, line their pockets a little better with military pay.

Plants were being operated by novices. Lee of the Florida State Board of Health was called from reserve to active status and John Miller became acting chief sanitary engineer. Due to the call of the reserves and resulting depletion of state health organizations, the Public Health Service tried to help out by assigning personnel to the state health departments.

The first Short School held on Apriil 1, 1931.

The personnel remaining, all of whom were now thoroughly sold on the value of short schools, realized that there was a definite need for education of the many inexperienced personnel in the water utility field. With the number of sewage plant operators having now increased from practically zero to a considerable number, the State Board of Health decided that, in spite of travel restrictions and other problems, a short course to include both water and sewage operators was needed and long overdue.

With the cooperation of the Army (Sanitary Engineering Corp.), the short school for water and sewage works operators was held at West Palm Beach in April 1943. The Army cut orders for many of its operators and also helped supply instructors for the school, including Capt. Leroy Scott and Capt. D. R. (Doc) Taylor.

Most of the contact for arrangements had been made by Fred Eidsness, who was with the Public Health Service but assigned to the Florida State Board of Health. Dr. Black’s advice contributed much to planning and to the recruitment of instructors. Miller presided over this short course on behalf of the Florida State Board of Health. Most of its instruction was outstanding, with operators and U. S. Public Health Service personnel, as well as people from the State Board of Health and the Army, serving as instructors.

A meeting of the operators association was called and nonmembers, who were water plant

operators, and sewage plant operators, were invited to sit in as observers. R. M. Johnson of Tampa, the president-elect in 1941, yielded the chair to Gibson because of a hearing handicap.

Since the first officers of the association had not been able to serve long enough to establish policies for the association, discussion from the floor of the meeting concerned what these policies should be. The discussion sometimes became heated, often with sewage plant operators entering the discussion without recognition by the chair. Several times Gibson had to call the meeting to order and at times was on the verge of becoming his own sergeant at arms. It soon became evident, however, that those interested in staying in this field of work were also interested in a strong educational program.

Officers elected at this meeting were R. M. Johnson, president; Charles (Charley) Fiveashe of Fort Lauderdale, president-elect; and Wilson T. Calaway of West Palm Beach, secretary-treasurer. Several people were elected to the board of governors. It was decided that the operators association might become a water and sewage plant operators association if a sufficient number of sewage plant operators were interested, but they were subject to the approval of the association, and at the time, if the sufficiency requirement was met.

Because of the restriction in travel and because most of the operators had their hands full Continued on page 20

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

19

H I S T O R Y Continued from page 19 with war work, promoting the organization depended on the help of personnel from the State Board of Health and industry salespeople, who were at the time were called “peddlers.” While this word had a bad connotation in many fields, most of the sales representatives in the industry were helpful during this time, and as they travelled for work, they were able to spread the word about the work of the association.

The Board of Health personnel and members of the staff of the University of Florida started to collect and contribute news items and ideas about the water industry that made possible a quarterly newsletter. Captains Scott and Taylor frequently added their contributions.

These two men, who were not just book engineers but men who had been plant superintendents prior to being called from reserve status, knew how to pack a pump, find the trouble with a check valve, and suggest simple remedies for operating troubles, and moreover, their remedies worked. Florida’s military establishments were indeed fortunate to have such men as these at the state supervisory level.

The planning of the first officers of the association had progressed far enough that an examination and voluntary certification scheme had become a concrete part of the plan for upgrading the operation. Two persons passed the first examination that was given at the West Palm Beach short course: Cliff Courson and Calaway, and each received a Class C certificate.

The work of the 1943 short course was so

helpful that there was no question about repeating it the next year, and that school was held in Daytona. Fiveashe became the new president and presided over the operators meeting, with Johnson retiring from the executive office. Again the discussion dealt with the opening of the association to waste treatment operators and with the role of the association in helping the operator.

There was considerable grumbling among operators about “why do I have to know the chemical reaction involved in water treatment when all I do is throw switches, read gauges, and operate valves?” There were also a number of people present who thought that the association should act as a labor union and force the increase of operator pay. While there was no argument about the desirability and reasonability of pay increases, the upgrading of the operator professionally remained the prime objective of the association. It was also evident that the admission of the sewage plant operators to the association would eventually take place. In the meantime, the meetings were open to them and they took part in discussions.

The 1944 meeting at the time of the short course in Daytona elected Fiveash as president; Tommy Paul of Bradenton, president-elect; and re-elected Calaway secretary-treasurer. Albert Mc Gregor of Boca Raton was elected to the board of governors.

The news on the war in Europe and in the Pacific was beginning to be encouraging and the communities in Florida began to think about the day when they would be able to expand their

1962 Short School, Excellent Plant Operations Awards. Seated left to right: Robert Kelly, Coral Gables; D.G. Raye, Cleearwater; David B. lee, FSBH, Jacksonville (presenter); John B. Sellers, Vero Beach.

Standing left to right: Carl Cheatham, Lake Wales; Frederick P. Funnell, Ft. Lauderdale; Pete Willis, Palatka; W.B. Stanwix-Hay, Jacksonville

20

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

water and sanitary services to meet the needs of a population growth that was predicted when the war finally ended.

The short course was held in Gainesville in 1945 and the operators at that association meeting elected Ralph Brennan of Daytona, president; Paul, president-elect; and returned Calaway as secretary-treasurer.

The year 1945 also brought the war to a close and the deactivation of military bases began to leave Florida with a surplus of both water and wastewater treatment operators.

However, in some cases, the adjacent municipality took over the military facilities and some towns acquired their first waste treatment plants and had their first treated water.

The war had influenced the water and sewage operation in Florida in the following ways: The growing recognition on the part of the operators that their work was important and that increased understanding of the job was desirable.

A banding together of the operators for mutual help, particularly by encouraging them to be informed about their own work.

A large increase in the number of operators who were educated through their own efforts and with the help of the operators association, the Florida State Board of Health, and others.

Due to high respect of the military for the value of water and sewage facilities, together with the evident health of the troops and the lack of widespread epidemics such as

Wilson Calaway receiving Honary Life Membership in FWPCOA, 1955.

H I S T O R Y the influenza of the First World War, the people of Florida, and those of the entire nation, came to recognize the great importance of these services.

Because of the desire of the operators to do their job well, and the relatively high monetary value the Army, Navy, and other branches of the service placed on their work, the operator had now become a semiprofessional rather than a laborer, both in regard to recompense and in the esteem of fellow citizens.

The willingness of the citizens of Florida to invest their tax dollars in water and sewage facilities in order that the state might achieve and maintain a high position with regard to these valuable public utilities.

In the last item, more than any other, the role of the State Board of Health must be recognized. It stressed to the municipalities of Florida the continuing importance of proper sanitary facilities. In the cases where persuasion did not pry loose the dollars from tight-fisted city councils, it was sometimes guilty of a little backdoor coercion, and if all this failed, it hauled up the big guns provided by the needed adherence to the excellent state sanitary code. It was fortunate in having the cooperation of individual state legislators, a condition envied by many states.

The 1946 short course was held in Gainesville and the operators meeting was held on June 6. Calaway had moved to Gainesville in April of 1946, and since he was no longer an operator, the association was informed that he had resigned from the secretary-treasurer position. Brennan assumed the president’s chair, W. L. Burnett of Tampa was elected presidentelect, and Patricia Sherwood of Ft. Lauderdale, who had been appointed interim secretary, became secretary-treasurer. Clarence Henry of Miami was elected to fill the vacancy on the board of governors. At this time, many operators still expressed dissatisfaction with the high level of knowledge expected of them.

The attendance at short courses had been steadily decreasing over several years and it looked like their usefulness was coming to an end. It had been decided, however, that equipment and facilities at the University of Florida facilitated short-course instruction had made the continuing use of this location for water and sewage short courses desirable. Previous short schools had been two to three days in length, which was not a sufficient time to do a good job; therefore, beginning with the 1947 short course, all such schools were five days in length and attracted more than 125 attendees.

At a meeting on June 10, 1947, during the annual short course, Burnett assumed the office of president. Charles Carouthers became the

president-elect and the first officer from the sewage works field. The meeting also passed several constitution revisions, among which were those necessary to make a joint association, and Sherwood was re-elected secretary-treasurer.

Cliff Earles of St. Augustine was also elected to fill a vacancy on the board of governors The governing board was authorized by the members at this meeting to appoint new members to the examining board. At a governing board meeting, the following where appointed: Lee from the Florida State Board of Health; Black and David Emerson from the University of Florida; Fiveash, Albert McGregor, and Kenneth Morkett, sewage plant operators; and Brennan, Chinn, and Paul, water plant operators.

Action taken during the operators meeting required the appointment of two committees: a publicity committee, comprised of Hardy Croom of New Symrna Beach, and W. F. Ebsary and Elroy Wine, both of Tampa; and a membership committee, with Lemar Bomar of Fort Meyers; Burney Cowden, Polk County sanitary engineer of Bartow; and Earles.

The next annual meeting was on June 8, 1948, during the 16th annual short course.

Carothers assumed the president’s office and Charles Fisk of Clewiston was voted in as president-elect. Sherwood had already resigned as secretary-treasurer and Paul was elected to the office. There was dissatisfaction with the activity of the members of the board of governors, and on the passage of a motion from the floor, all members of the board were relieved of their responsibility. A new board was elected, consisting of Brennan, William Ebsary, Earles, Jack Whitney, and J. Dominquez, with retirement to be inverse to the order of election.

It was reported that the records of the association from 1943 to 1948 were damage by a hurricane and were almost a complete loss.

The new board of governors called a meeting of the association on June 10, 1948, in order to hear the will of the organization concerning membership eligibility and to encourage recruitment of all operators to the organization.

During the 1949 meeting, Carothers handed the gavel to Fisk. W. C. (Bill) Tims, then located in Tampa, was elected as secretary-treasurer and Emory Dawkins of the University Sewage Treatment Plant in Gainesville became president-elect. D.J. (Joe) Ray was selected to succeed Dominguez on the board of governors.

The membership present went on record as supporting mandatory licensing and requesting the State Board of Health to take part in such a move. A committee composed of Dawkins, Courson, Croom, H.F. Kline, Jr., and C.C. Shreve drew up the resolution expressing the attitude of the operators in order that it might be presented to the Florida State Board of Health.

The results of a study made by Dawkins indicated that the membership was in favor of formal and monthly publication of a newsletter, and by action of the board, the title of editor was given to Dawkins. At the 1950 meeting, Dawkins assumed the executive post and Frank Little of Orlando became president-elect.

To get the publication of the newsletter underway, Dawkins, having access to the necessary equipment, and with the aid of the University of Florida Sewage Treatment Plant operating staff, published the long-proposed newsletter, to which he gave the name The Overflow.

Little became president at the next annual meeting held in June 1951, during the 19th anContinued on page 22

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

21

H I S T O R Y Continued from page 21 nual short course, and Ray was elected to succeed him. Tims was returned to the office of secretary-treasurer/editor.

The next, and what became the annual, meeting of the operators association was held in June 1952, where Ray was elected to the president’s office, Paul was installed as president-elect, and George Lohmeyer of the University of Florida Plant, became secretary-treasurer/editor.

The year was marked by the report that Fisk, a former president, was electrocuted while probing for a water main. The association truly mourned the untimely death of this brilliant, cheerful, and energetic young man.

To Ray and Lohmeyer belongs a very large measure of the credit for laying the firm foundation on which the organization still stands.

Fortunately, Ray’s preparation for the office he assumed had been most thorough. He requested county sanitary engineers and other officials to send him the names of the operators within their jurisdiction who would serve conscientiously on committees he envisioned.

Upon assuming office, he established a number of committees, each of which was charged with certain responsibilities. He was aided by Lohmeyer, who was an able and hardworking secretary. In addition to his voluminous duties, he published The Overflow regularly.

About 1953, honorary life memberships were awarded to persons who had done outstanding service for the organization. These awards were named for David B. Lee, John E. Lee, John E. Kiker, Dr. A. P. Black, Manuel Turner, and Wilson T. Calaway. Since that time, Dick Gibson and Tommy Paul have been similarly honored.

Another phase of operator education has been the administration of correspondence courses in chemistry, mathematics, and chemistry for both water and sewage treatment operators.

Between 200 and 400 people each year have taken the mathematics course and 40 to 50 have taken the chemistry courses since they were established.

Regions and a Magazine are Established To better serve its members, it was decided that the association should be divided into regions. West Florida became Region 1 in 1947 and the number of regions grew to eight.

Besides the West Florida district, they are: the Northeast district, centered in Jacksonville (No. 2); the Central Florida district, including Gainesville, Daytona, Orlando and points between (No. 3) the West Peninsular region centered around Tampa and extending to Fort Meyers (No. 4); and the Southeast district, in-

22

cluding an area north of West Palm Beach and extending south of Miami and westward to Lake Okeechobee (No. 5). Region 5 has recently been divided and the other three districts were created. The first regional short course was held in Tallahassee in 1948, followed by one in 1954, 1955, and 1956.

The challenges brought by the formation of regions indicated the desirability of radical constitution changes. The study necessary to determine the needed provisions, as well as the rewriting of the association’s constitution was undertaken by Dr. David B. Smith, and a new constitution was approved by the membership in 1954.

Lohmeyer continued in the office of secretary-treasurer/editor for three years, serving while Ray, Paul, and Seager were presidents. With the assumption of the presiding officer’s chair by Henry, Bob Simon began a two-year term as secretary-treasurer/editor. During his term in office, The Overflow, which had been produced quarterly as several mimeographed sheets for many years, became a printed magazine.

Over the years, the magazine received assistance from and served the Florida Section AWWA and the Florida Sewage and Industrial Wastes Association (formerly the Florida Sewage Works Association) and beginning in 1956, it became a joint publication.

Besides serving with Henry during 1956, Simon served with Courson in 1957, while Don Jones of North Miami served as president-elect.

Due to a heavy expansion program carried out by the City of North Miami in 1956-1957, Jones requested that his name not be considered for election to the presidency in 1957. The association, for this reason, elected Lohmeyer directly to the presidency, with Jones again serving as president-elect. In 1957 when Lohmeyer became the presiding officer, Simon still serving as secretary-treasurer/editor, but at the close of the year, the editor’s position was made separate from the office of secretary-treasurer to reduce the work expected of any single individual. Simon was requested to remain as editor. At the 1958 meeting, Jones was elevated to the presidency, Simon became the new president-elect, and Shreve was elected as secretary-treasurer for a second year.

The Organization Modernized The 1960s saw a continued growth in the association, with membership climbing past the 1,000 mark. This continued growth, along with increased activity from within the regions, helped to strengthen the organization. Articles of incorporation were drawn up, and in 1964, the organization officially became known as the Florida Water and Pollution Control Association.

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

At this time, there was also a renewed effort on the part of the association to bring about mandatory certification. Several bills were introduced in the state legislature, but none were accepted or voted into law. It wasn’t until 1971 that mandatory certification became a reality.

Another push in the 1970s was for increased operator training. A training program, known as the Training, Research, and Education for Environmental Occupations (TREEO) Center, was established by the University of Florida and provides noncredit continuing education courses and certification programs. State training manuals were created and a unified training program is used by all regions.

The state training programs continued to expand with the addition of specialty classes at the state short schools and “on the road” training classes.

In another nod to modernity, the association, in the late 1980s, elected Katherine Kinloch as its first woman president. She served for two terms, after one term as vice president.

Kinloch began her career as a wastewater plant operator trainee for City of Lake Wells in 1969.

In 1971, she became involved with Region X, working as short school chair, secretary-treasurer, chair, and state director. Kinloch attended all of FWPCOA’s board meetings, advocating for operator training and certification, and for greater involvement by the organization with FSAWWA, FWEA, the Florida Water Resources Conference, and the Journal.

After many years of being run by volunteers, it was felt that the organization needed a fulltime staff member. The association hired Shondra Neumeister as its first executive director in 2005. In January 2012, she was replaced by Timothy McVeigh, who served until March 2014.

In 2007, FWPCOA launched an improved association website, reformatted and updated its policies and procedures manual, and implemented mandatory water distribution system operator licensing and staffing requirements from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. An expanded membership recruitment effort and the introduction of group membership billing led to a record of 6,400 members.

In 2008, the association opened its first headquarters office in Port Saint Lucie. The organization started electronic filing and archiving of its numerous paper records. It developed a master guidance manual for its certification programs and an ethics policy to address complaints regarding abuse of program requirements.

The information in this article came from Wilson T. Calaway, the FWPCOA History Committee chair in 1970 and Al Monteleone, the current committee chair, and William Allman.

24

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

25

26

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

27

28

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

29

30

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

FWEA’s “Larry, Darryl, and Darrell” Attend WEF Specialty Conference The CBS television series, Newhart, which ran in the 1980’s, had three quirky brothers, always introduced by Larry saying, “Hi, I’m Larry; this is my brother Darryl, and this is my other brother Darryl.” While not related (and one of the names is not spelled the same), the three namesakes from the FWEA Air Quality Committee recently attended the Water Environment Federation’s biennial Odors and Air Pollutants Conference. The program was held May 31-June 3 in Miami, and attendees learned about odor problems and measurement, assessing community odor impacts, pollution solutions, odor in collection systems, modeling tools, and odor control research.

Pictured above, left to right are: Larry Hickey, committee chair; Darryl Parker, cochair; and Darrell Milligan, past chair.

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

31

F W R J

Calibrated Hydraulic and Water Quality Model Predictions Merge with Break History for an Innovative Approach to Prioritizing Water Main Replacement Roberto A. Rosario, Christopher C. Baggett, and James McLellan new approach to prioritizing water main replacements that goes beyond conventional statistical age-based economic analyses merges utility-specific water main break history records with results from a calibrated hydraulic and water quality model that not only prioritizes replacements to reduce maintenance costs associated with failures, but also improves hydraulic capacity and water quality as well.

The new approach is based on the pipe replacement program developed for the City of Bradenton water distribution system. The City relies on water mains installed as early as 1939 to convey water to customers. Over 70 miles (about 30 percent) of the City’s water mains are made from unlined castiron and asbestos-cement materials, mostly installed before 1970.

A statistical analysis of the City’s water system indicated that all cast-iron and asbestos-cement water mains should be replaced immediately. However, this is not economically feasible and is not likely to be the optimum approach. Statistical predictions based on age, economics, and standard material failure probabilities do not always reflect the actual condition of water mains.

The City sought a more innovative approach to water main replacement prioritization that considers more parameters. The new approach includes analyzing historical break records and merging this with results from a calibrated hydraulic and water quality model of all water mains in the City’s water distribution system. The amount by which each water main in the system is reducing hydraulic capacity and water quality is determined and an associated score is assigned. The combined score allows for a prioritization to be established. As an extension to this approach, costs associated with the reduced hydraulic capacity and water quality can be determined. The annualized replacement costs based on break history analysis can be combined with these costs to

A

32

develop an optimized water main replacement prioritization that maximizes maintenance, energy, and chemical cost savings.

The City of Bradenton authorized Jones Edmunds & Associates Inc. to conduct a data and model study for the Bradenton public water system (PWS) distribution network. As part of this study a hydraulic and water quality model of the Bradenton PWS network was updated and calibrated. In the Bradenton PWS network, breaks are occurring frequently, hydraulic capacity is reduced in some areas, and water quality is impaired in older parts of the system. The calibrated 2012 Bradenton PWS network hydraulic and water quality model was used to recommend and strategize the priority of improvements for the water system.

As water mains age, natural processes result in water main degradation. The Federation of Canadian Municipalities and National Research Council (NRC, 2003, p.3) noted the following manifestations as evidence of deterioration in water systems: Frequent breaks due to corrosion, material degradation, poor installation practices, manufacturing defects, and operating conditions.

Roberto A. Rosario, P.E., is project manager and Christopher C. Baggett is senior engineer at Jones Edmunds & Associates Inc. in Gainesville. James McLellan is engineering section manager with City of Bradenton.

Reduced hydraulic capacity due to internal corrosion (i.e., tuberculation) of unlined metallic components.

Impaired water quality due to internal corrosion of unlined metallic components and/or poor maintenance practices.

High leakage rate due to corrosion and/or deteriorating joints.

To recommend and prioritize improvements, 18 years of break history data were assessed and used to performed hydraulic and water quality model simulations. The following steady-state and extended period simulations (EPS) were performed to assess hydraulic capacity and water quality conditions that would affect improvement recommendations: 2011 maximum daily demand (MDD) and fire-flow steady-state simulation 2030 MDD EPS 10-day average August 2011 demand water quality EPS

Objective This article discusses the perceived water system deficiencies, introduces the water main scoring methodology used to prioritize replacements, and presents an improvement plan.

Water System Deficiencies Figure 1. Cross Section Cut of Ring Sample No. 16 (Lewis, 2001)

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Through the break history data assessment and modeling effort, the following Continued on page 34

Figure 2. Total Water Main Breaks per Year

Figure 3. Total Water Main Breaks per Month (18-year Period)

Figure 4. Total Water Main Breaks per Year by Material Figure 5. Total Water Main Breaks by Month per Year

Figure 6. Total Water Main Breaks

by Size per Month (18-year Period)

Figure 8. Cast-Iron Failure Curves

Figure 7. Ductile-Iron Failure Curves

Figure 9. Polyvinyl Chloride and High-Density Polyethylene Failure Curves Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

33

Continued from page 32 were observed: water system deficiencies in the Bradenton PWS network, including water mains with high break rates; hydraulic capacity reductions; and high rates of total residual chlorine (TRC) consumption. All of these issues are related in part to corrosion in unlined cast-iron water mains that make up about 28 percent of the Bradenton PWS network. Figure 1 shows significant corrosion in a cross section view of a ring sample of unlined cast-iron water main taken from the Bradenton PWS network in 2001. Internal corrosion can become apparent in different ways, such as: Water main degradation (e.g., pitting corrosion) that can lead to leakage or vulnerability to mechanical failure.

Scale formation and tuberculation that can lower hydraulic capacity and degrade water quality.

Corrosion byproduct release (e.g., rusty or red water) that can impair water quality.

Water Main Break History For the study, Bradenton provided 18 years of water main break documentation, including the address and water main size information; figures 2 through 6 show yearly and monthly statistics for the break history records. The data show that in 2010 water main breaks were far above average. This can be attributed to a temporary increase in the discharge pressure from Bradenton’s highservice pump station. At the Bradenton Fire Department’s request, discharge pressure was apparently increased to about 80 pounds per sq in. (psig) for a short duration, which led to a high number of breaks in January 2010.

Generally, it was observed that most water main breaks occur in the colder months—December and January. Figure 4 shows that most water main breaks occur in water mains made of cast iron. The water main material with the next most frequent break occurrence is polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In addition, according to Figure 6, the 6-in.-diameter water mains break most

frequently.

Eighteen years of historical data were combined with the model water main material information, and failure curves were developed for each water main based on material and size. These failure curves are unique to break history data that was set for the Bradenton PWS network water mains.

Figures 7 through 9 show the failure curves; dashed lines are for water main sizes where sufficient data were available to calculate a failure curve, and solid lines are for water main sizes with extrapolated failure curves based on standard assumptions that break frequency decreases with increasing water main diameter. As shown, the ductile-iron water mains are predicted to have the longest useful life. According to the failure curves, PVC and cast-iron water mains are predicted to have similar useful lives, with PVC having a higher failure rate for water main diameters less than 8 in. and a slightly lower failure rate for water main diameters 8 in. and greater compared to cast-iron water mains.

These failure curves do not consider what is known as the burn-in phase (Berardi et al., 2008), which is a period when water mains usually fail due to poor installation practices or significant material defects, but it does not influence the economic life calculations.

Statistical predictions based on age, economics, and standard material failure probabilities do not always reflect the actual condition of water mains. At times, more detailed inspection of water mains classified as being beyond their economic life (the age after which annual maintenance costs exceed annualized replacement costs) reveals that these water mains are actually in adequate condition. At other times the opposite is true, and water mains are in poorer condition than statistical analyses predict.

The statistical approach is usually only economically viable for predicting failure in smaller-diameter water mains (Berardi et al., 2008); therefore, before a larger-diameter (greater than 10 in.) water main is considered deficient based on a predicted failure

Table 1. Break History Scoring and Replacement Need

34

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

rate, a physical inspection to assess its actual condition may be warranted.

Fire Department Fire-Flow Goals Jones Edmunds met with the Bradenton water department and fire department staff to determine the fire-flow goals for flows from Bradenton fire hydrants. Although Bradenton does not have formal fire-flow requirements in its ordinances, the fire department has its own goals. For fire hydrants that contribute to available fire flow (AFF) to a commercial building, the goal is to provide 2,000 gal per minute (gpm) of AFF. For hydrants that contribute to AFF to a commercial building that has a sprinkler system or to a residential building, the goal is to provide 1,000 gpm of AFF. Fire hydrants in Bradenton that serve commercial buildings and residential buildings were identified. The fire department reported whether the commercial buildings were sprinklered or nonsprinklered. This allowed a determination of fire-flow goals throughout the Bradenton PWS network.

The difference between model-predicted AFF and fire department fire-flow goals was used to establish areas where fire flows do not achieve the fire department goals.

Hydraulic Capacity and Water Quality The hydraulic capacity and water quality in the Bradenton PWS network appear to be adversely affected by corrosion. In the unlined cast-iron water mains, metal oxides result from pitting corrosion and form tubercles over the pits. These tubercles gradually grow and restrict the hydraulic capacity of the water main (NRC, 2003). The existence of tubercles has been observed by Bradenton staff in the PWS network in numerous locations. Additionally, the rate of internal corrosion in water mains not only affects, but is influenced by, the water quality (NRC, 2003).

In the Bradenton PWS network, a significant amount of water is flushed to maintain acceptable TRC concentrations at the ends of the water system. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection requires the TRC concentration to be maintained at 0.6 mg/L throughout the Bradenton PWS network at all times. Based on water quality modeling, the predicted TRC decay rates are orders of magnitude higher in older water mains of the water system than in newer water mains.

Continued on page 36

Continued from page 34

Water Main Scoring System Individual water main scores were developed relating to break history, fire-flow goals, hydraulic capacity, and water quality.

Break History Score The break history scoring for each water main is based on the relative economic life of

each water main. Table 1 shows the scoring system based on the failure rates, which indicates a replacement need classification for each score.

Figure 10 shows the spatial distribution of water main breaks based on the scoring system.

Replacement needs classifications indicate the annual maintenance risk cost for the water main is as follows: A: Immediate-Term – has exceeded the annualized replacement cost.

B: Near-Term – has equaled or exceeded the annualized replacement cost.

C: Intermediate-Term – has equaled or not

exceeded the annualized replacement cost.

D: Long-Term – has not exceeded the annualized replacement cost.

E: Distant-Term – will not exceed the annualized replacement cost for some time.

Fire-Flow Goals Score Fire-flow simulations were performed using the calibrated hydraulic model. Comparisons of model-predicted AFFs with the fire department AFF goals revealed areas that could be improved. Figure 11 highlights these improvement areas by showing water mains that may be replaced to improve the system and better meet the fire department goals.

These improvement areas received a fire-flow score as shown in Table 2 corresponding to the relative percent difference between the model-predicted AFFs and fire department AFF goals in the area.

The scores reflect the consensus that no PVC, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or ductile-iron water mains need to be replaced to improve AFF.

Hydraulic Capacity and Water Quality Score Figure 10. Break History Scores

A combination of hydraulic and water quality parameters were used to attribute a third score to the water system water mains based on the calibrated model prediction for time-weighted mean consumption of chlorine chemical per water main using Equation 1:

Equation 1

Figure 11. Fire-Flow-Based Replacement Needs

Table 2. Fire-Flow Scores

Table 3. Chlorine Consumption Scores

Where: m = Rate of chlorine mass consumption (mg/min) T = Time (minutes) CCalibrated = Predicted change in chlorine concentration (mg/L) across calibrated model water main CIdeal = Calculated change in chlorine concentration (mg/L) across water main with no wall decay Q = Flow Rate (gpm) Scores that were per-water-main-based were established on each water main’s relative as shown in Table 3.

Figure 12 shows water quality scores throughout the system.

36

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Score Definitions and Hotspot Analysis A three-digit scoring system was developed: the first digit corresponds to the break history score, the second corresponds to the fire-flow score, and the third to the hydraulic capacity and water quality score.

Based on the scoring methodology, a water main could have a score as high as 533 or as low as 101.

A score of 533 indicates a cast-iron or asbestos-cement water main that: Is in immediate need of replacing based on its failure risk.

Is near a hydrant that provides only 50 percent of the fire department AFF goal and would improve the AFF if replaced.

Consumes chlorine at the highest bracketed consumption rate.

Figure 12. Water Quality/Hydraulic Based Replacement Needs

Conversely, a score of 101 indicates a PVC, HDPE, or ductile-iron water main that: Does not need to be replaced, based on its failure risk.

Does not need to be replaced to improve flow from a hydrant to meet the fire department AFF goal.

Consumes chlorine at the lowest bracketed rate.

The resulting scores are provided in descending order to establish a replacement prioritization on an individual water main level:

Figure 13. Hotspot Analysis Map 533 532 531 523 522 521

511 501 433 432 431 423

422 421 401 303 302 301

203 202 201 103 102 101

These scores reflect the consensus that no PVC, HDPE, or ductile-iron water mains need to be replaced to improve AFF. After each water main was assigned a water-main score, a hotspot analysis was performed. The hotspot analysis allows a spatial assessment of the relative density of high-scoring water mains and further defines the priority for replacement based on areas in the water system. Using this method will allow replacement work to begin and end in each area of the water system without a location being revisited, thereby reducing the associated engineering, survey, and contractor mobilization costs.

The total number of priority replacement areas is not constrained by the total

possible number of water-main scores because priorities are ordered based on the relative density of high-scoring water mains.

Figure 13 shows the resulting hotspot analysis map (the darker the area, the more hotspots) for the limits of the Bradenton PWS network, which allowed a spatial assessment of the relative density of high-scoring water mains based on the scoring methodology established earlier.

Future Work In an extension to this work, a method was developed to account for each water main’s contribution to chemical and electrical costs.

Using the calibrated hydraulic and water quality model, the chlorine consumption and friction loss in each water main can be calculated.

Then, each modeled water main can be replaced with a modeled replacement water main. This main would have appropriate wall decay coefficients (the parameter that influ-

ences how much chlorine is consumed in the simulated water main) and friction coefficients (the parameter that influences the amount of friction loss that occurs in the simulated water main) for a water main in new condition.

After model simulations with the replacement water mains were performed, the results could be compared to the calibrated model results. It’s expected that, in each case, the chemical consumption and friction loss will reduce by a specific amount. This specific amount would be attributed to the water main under consideration and could be used to establish how much chemical is consumed and how much energy is lost through that water main over time. Annual chemical and energy costs to keep the aged water main in service could be calculated and used in a replacement prioritization. Combined with the economic life calculations, annualized chemical and energy costs would result in a replacement prioritization that maximizes cost savings.

Continued on page 38

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

37

Continued from page 37

Recommendations It was concluded that the aged cast-iron and asbestos-cement water mains should be replaced because they are past their useful life. Bradenton already had a replacement program in place; however, the schedule and prioritization of replacements were adjusted to incorporate the water-main-scoring methodology outlined to allow Bradenton to target improvements in the most problematic areas first.

Budgeting and Priorities The oldest water mains installed in the Bradenton PWS network have reached the end of their expected useful life or will do so

during the next 30 years. This study estimated that $35 million should be invested over the next 30 years to replace existing (deteriorated) water mains in the network.

The current rate of water main replacement is largely influenced by the annual water main replacement budget. Figure 14 shows the historical range of water system infrastructure replacement cycles and rates for the City based on a high- and low-cost per-ft assumption.

Based on the construction materials and water main sizes in the network, a realistic average water main replacement cost is about $100 per ft. This means that at the 2012 budgeted water main replacement dollar amount, Bradenton is on an approximately 426-year replacement cycle, which is unsustainable. A more sustainable approach is to replace the water system at a rate con-

sistent with its useful life. To begin moving toward sustainability and decrease water main repairs, Bradenton used the water main scoring and hotspot analysis to prioritize water main replacements and justify increasing the water main replacement budget.

The result is the water main replacement cycle time has decreased to less than half what it was in 2012.

Figure 15 shows the prioritized water main replacement groups for the first 10 years, based on the hotspot analysis.

Conclusions As Bradenton implements the recommendations from this study, the City will reduce the water main break frequency and improve hydraulic capacity and water quality. The water main scoring methodology presented allows Bradenton to prioritize water main replacements based on relative water main condition and each water main’s relative influence on hydraulic capacity and water quality. Targeting water main replacement using this method should result in the lowest overall cost for improvements. Extending this approach to an assessment of each water main’s effect on chemical and energy costs could result in the development of a purely costbased replacement prioritization that minimizes operation and maintenance costs.

Acknowledgements

Figure 14. Water Main Replacement Cycles and Rates

Jones Edmunds thanks all of the Bradenton Water Department staff who provided excellent support throughout the data and model study and the Bradenton Fire Department staff who assisted with data collection for model calibration.

References • Berardi, L., O. Giustolisi, Z. Kapelan, and D.A. Savic, 2008, “Development of Pipe Deterioration Models for Water Distribution Systems using EPR.” Journal of Hydroinformatics, IWA Publishing.

• Federation of Canadian Municipalities and National Research Council (NRC).

April 2003. Deterioration and Inspection of Water Distribution Systems: A Best Practice by the National Guide to Sustainable Municipal Infrastructure.

• Lewis, Richard, P.E., October 2001. Report of Findings: Metallurgical Evaluation of Water Distribution System Pipe Samples, City of Bradenton, Fla. Lewis Engineering and Consulting Inc.

Figure 15. Prioritized Water Main Replacement Groups

38

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

39

FWEA CHAPTER CORNER Welcome to the FWEA Chapter Corner! Each month, the Public Relations Committee of the Florida Water Environment Association hosts this article to celebrate the success of recent association chapter activities and inform members of upcoming events. To have information included for your chapter, send the details via email to Suzanne Mechler at MechlerSE@cdm.com.

Suzanne Mechler

The Manasota Chapter: Making Waves!

Danielle Bertini The Manasota Chapter has had a very productive year so far. The May quarterly luncheon had one of the best turnouts yet. Chris Collins, biosolids and reuse supervisor with Manatee County, gave a presentation on the County’s method for going “green.” It’s amazing how much the County saved by making little changes; no more below-desk fridges! The presentation gave everyone much to think about in terms of saving energy and money.

The Chapter sponsored a summer social for members on July 10. All of the members in attendance (and their friends and significant others) enjoyed refreshments and appetizers at the Blasé Café on Siesta Key in Sarasota.

The fifth annual joint FWEA/AWWA kayak event was a huge success, raising nearly $1,000 for Water For People. This year 30 people participated in the event, which was held at the Robinson Preserve Park in Bradenton.

The tour was led by Happy Paddler, an expe-

rienced and knowledgeable kayak guide in the Bradenton area. Paddlers of all ages attended– from 7 up to 86! This event would not have been possible without the tireless efforts of Lindsay Marten, who did an outstanding job of planning.

The Chapter has expanded it steering committee once again: Mike Knowles, who has served on the West Coast and First Coast steering committees, is now joining us as the Manasota vice chair.

Kyle Kellogg has joined as the education outreach coordinator and will be organizing outreach events at middle schools and high schools throughout the area to promote the water and wastewater engineering fields.

Samantha Nehme will be helping to keep the Manasota webpage up to date as the new webmaster.

Mike Nixon will help to plan events as the special events coordinator. He served as vice chair of the Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) student chapter.

Kayakers as seen from the observation tower at Robinson Preserve.

40

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

The Manasota members have been branching out into FWEA: Kristiana Dragash is now serving on the FWEA board of directors as a director-atlarge. She is responsible for overseeing the Manasota and Central Florida chapters, University of Central Florida (UCF) student chapter, Students and Young Professionals (S&YP) Committee, and the Wastewater Process Committee.

Chris Collins is the chair of the Biosolids Committee and I will serve as vice chair of the S&YP Committee this year.

Julie Karleskint, chair of the public education awards for the Public Communications and Outreach Committee, recently gave an outreach presentation at the Sky Academy.

Congratulations to all and good luck in your new roles!

Danielle Bertini, EI, is with Carollo Engineers in Sarasota.

Julie Karleskint and her father, Albert, enjoy some shade while paddling.

Operators: Take the CEU Challenge!

Members of the Florida Water & Pollution Control Association (FWPCOA) may earn continuing education units through the CEU Challenge! Answer the questions published on this page, based on the technical articles in this month’s issue. Circle the letter of each correct answer. There is only one correct answer to each question! Answer 80 percent of the questions on any article correctly to earn 0.1 CEU for your license. Retests are available.

This month’s editorial theme is

Disinfection and Water Quality. Look above each set of questions to see if it is for water operators (DW), distribution system operators (DS), or wastewater operators (WW). Mail the completed page (or a photocopy) to: Florida Environmental Professionals Training, P.O. Box 33119, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33420-3119. Enclose $15 for each set of questions you choose to answer (make checks payable to FWPCOA). You MUST be an FWPCOA member before you can submit your answers!

___________________________________________ SUBSCRIBER NAME (please print)

Article 1 ________________________________________ LICENSE NUMBER for Which CEUs Should Be Awarded

Article 2 ________________________________________ LICENSE NUMBER for Which CEUs Should Be Awarded

If paying by credit card, fax to (561) 625-4858 providing the following information:

Earn CEUs by answering questions from previous Journal issues!

___________________________________________

Contact FWPCOA at membership@fwpcoa.org or at 561-840-0340.

Articles from past issues can be viewed on the Journal website, www.fwrj.com.

___________________________________________

Distribution System Water Quality Models Support Treatment Process Decisions Brandon Bryant, Michael Harber, and Robert Dehler

(Credit Card Number)

(Expiration Date)

Calibrated Hydraulic and Water Quality Model Predictions Merge with Break History for an Innovative Approach to Prioritizing Water Main Replacement

(Article 1: CEU = 0.1 DW/DS)

1. Which of the following treatment process options were not considered in this study? a. Air stripping b. Granular activated carbon c. Biologically activated carbon d. Ozonation 2. Batch and pilot-scale testing of the treatment alternatives were run to determine a. potential corrosivity. b. cost of treatment. c. effectiveness for H2S and organics removal. d. potential for 4-log virus inactivation.

3. A 48-hour diurnal demand pattern was established to a. allow sufficient time for disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation. b. determine whether a given alternative was more effective over 24 or 48 hours. c. allow for weather fluctuations. d. simulate one normal irrigation and one nonirrigation day.

4. Model results for the granular activated carbon (GAC)-ozone simulation showed that at four selected distribution sites, compliance with Stage 2 D/DBP requirements could a. not be met. b. only be met if 100 percent of the water was treated with GACozone. c. only be met if 75 percent of the water was treated with GACozone. d. be met if 25 percent of the water was treated with GAC-ozone.

5. Florida Section AWWA’s standard for calibrated model accuracy is ___ percent. a. 80 b. 85 c. 90 d. 95

Roberto A. Rosario, Christopher C. Baggett, and James McLellan (Article 2: CEU = 0.1 DW/DS)

1. Data from this study reveal that _____________ water mains are predicted to have the longest useful life. a. cast-iron b. asbestos-cement c. ductile-iron d. polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 2. The period during which water mains usually fail due to poor installation practices is known as the a. warranty period. b. burn-in period. c. trial period. d. equilibrium phase.

3. The growth of ____________ in unlined cast-iron water mains restricts their flow capacity. a. biofilm b. calcification c. tubercles d. demand 4. By applying the water main scoring system described in this article, water main replacement cycle time was reduced by approximately ___ percent. a. 25 b. 50 c. 75 d. 90 5. Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) regulations require Bradenton to maintain a ____ mg/l chlorine residual throughout its water system at all times. a. 0.2 b. 0.6 c. 1.0 d. 1.5 Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

41

FWEA FOCUS

FWEA Goals: Where We Are and Where We’re Going Kart Vaith President, FWEA

n this month’s column, I want to focus on where we are relative to our goals for 2014-2015, which are as follows: Development of a clear vision to guide us through the next six to eight years.

Integration of more Gen Xers and Gen Yers into our mix.

Inclusion of more members of the utility community into our mix.

Operating FWEA well and in a manner that sustains our long-term viability and growth.

I 1.

2.

3.

4.

42

To develop a clear vision for where we want to be, we are planning on a visioning workshop with FWEA leadership in September. From this workshop, we hope to have our vision, with supporting goals and metrics, to carry us forward through 2020— and beyond. I welcome your thoughts and ideas for this workshop; do email me directly at kvaith@tcgeng.com.

Our Gen X and Gen Y integration efforts are also bearing fruit; we are finding that most Gen Xers and Gen Yers want to be a part of a smaller subgroup with a specific interest commensurate with their own. To that end, we are planning on many more targeted, smaller events versus planning on one or two large events each year. For example, the wastewater process group held a seminar that was attended by nearly 70 people on June 19 at the Guana River State Park in Ponte Vedra Beach.

Our focus is to have many more such events covering a broad range of topics throughout the year and across all of Florida. This in turn will allow greater Gen X and Gen Y participation in these events. On October 19, our Biosolids Committee will host a seminar entitled, “Charting the Future of Biosolids Management,” in Ft. Myers, and on November 6, our Wastewater Process Committee will host a seminar entitled, “Innovation and Energy Savings on Wastewater Treatment in Boca Raton.” Both of these events will offer excellent technical content, be competitively priced, and offer continuing education units (CEUs) and professional development hours (PDHs). See the “Conference and Events” tab of the FWEA website (www.fwea.org) for more information.

To facilitate more utility participation in our Association, we are planning on working side by side with the FWEA Utility Council.

The mission of the council is to assist its members to achieve sound public health and environmental goals for the millions of users they serve in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

The council works for the reduction and elimination of water pollution in Florida and is specifically and primarily organized to support the adoption and implementation of effective environmental water quality policies at federal, state, regional, and local levels that affect the Florida wastewater utility industry.

The group is currently composed of about 55 wastewater utilities from all

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

around the state, ranging in size from the Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department to South Walton Utilities Inc. To promote council participation in FWEA, we will charter the formation of two working groups: one for springs-related issues and the other for reclaimed water policy guidance. Working side by side with the council, these two FWEA working groups will provide technical support and champion communications to the water industry at large.

Furthermore, these groups will bring together a diverse cross section of the water industry to gather stakeholder input and provide a broader consensus on policy matters. This in turn will allow the council to advance these policies more effectively.

On August 22, the council is meeting with personnel from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection in Tallahassee to review crucial policy issues such as aquifer storage recovery, bacteriological statewide total maximum daily loads related to collection systems, sanitary sewer overflows, and other important topics. I encourage you to participate in FWEA and become active in these new groups to allow your voice to be heard!

Finally, I want to report to you that the financial health of the FWEA is sound. Being a not-for-profit entity, our budgets are all designed to break even, while providing learning and networking opportunities for our membership through the many events structured to meet your specific area of interest.

I am happy to report that the directorsat-large are working with the local chapters and committees to develop and disseminate information through seminars, meetings, and other events. Another way to get involved is by participating in the recreational events that are being conducted across the state to raise money for various local scholarships and charities.

I encourage you to visit the FWEA website to learn more about these events and consider attending, sponsoring, or even volunteering at an event or two in your area.

FWPCOA TRAINING CALENDAR SCHEDULE YOUR CLASS TODAY! AUGUST 11-15........FALL STATE SHORT SCHOOL ..............Ft. Pierce 22........Backflow Tester Recert*** ....................Deltona ................$85/115 25-29........Stormwater C ............................................Deltona ................$260/290

SEPTEMBER 2........Backflow Recert ......................................Lady Lake ............$85/115 8-11........Backflow Tester ........................................St Petersburg ........$375/405 8-12........Wastewater Collection C, B..................Orlando ..............$225/255 22-26........Wastewater Collection C, B..................Deltona ................$325/355 26........Backflow Tester Recert*** ....................Deltona ................$85/115

OCTOBER 6-8........Backflow Repair ......................................Deltona ................$275/305 20-23........Backflow Tester ........................................Pensacola ............$375/405 24........Backflow Tester Recert*** ....................Deltona ................$85/115

NOVEMBER 3-6........Backflow Tester ........................................St. Petersburg ......$375/405 3-6........Backflow Tester ........................................Deltona ................$375/405 21........Backflow Tester Recert*** ....................Deltona ................$85/115 Course registration forms are available at http://www.fwpcoa.org/forms.asp. For additional information on these courses or other training programs offered by the FWPCOA, please contact the FW&PCOA Training Office at (321) 383-9690 or training@fwpcoa.org. * Backflow recertification is also available the last day of Backflow Tester or Backflow Repair Classes with the exception of Deltona ** Evening classes

You are required to have your own calculator at state short schools and most other courses.

*** any retest given also Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

43

F W R J

Distribution System Water Quality Models Support Treatment Process Decisions Brandon Bryant, Michael Harber, and Robert Dehler he U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that over 260 million individuals in the country are exposed to disinfectant/disinfection byproducts (D/DBPs). The Stage 2 D/DBP Rule was implemented by EPA to regulate D/DBPs to within standards for human health, without increasing the risk of microbial contamination.

In advance of the rule, the Seminole County Environmental Services Department (SCESD) proactively addressed areas with potential compliance issues to provide its customers with continued water quality excellence.

The SCESD identified the need to further treat source waters to reduce D/DBP formation in one of its service areas to ensure compliance with the Stage 2 D/DBP Rule. When designing any new enhanced treatment processes, the type and amount of treatment necessary must be identified. Water quality models were utilized by

T

44

SCESD to measure and compare different treatment processes available, as well as identify the optimal treatment blending ratios. The blending analysis identified the amount of water required for enhanced treatment to potentially reduce the treatment equipment footprint and cost. This article discusses the innovative approach of utilizing a water quality model to predict system chlorine residuals and D/DBPs based on pilot tested results for several different enhanced water treatment processes to comply with the Stage 2 D/DBP Rule.

Pilot-scale treatment studies were performed at existing water treatment plants (WTPs) to support treatment alternative evaluations and recommendations to fulfill Stage 2 D/DBP Rule requirements. Alternate treatment options, including ozonation, granular activated carbon (GAC), biological activated carbon (BAC), ion exchange with MIEXÂŽ, and

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Brandon Bryant is project engineer with Reiss Engineering in Casselberry. Michael Harber is project manager and Robert Dehler is project manager/field coordinator with Seminole County Environmental Services Department in Sanford.

reverse osmosis were considered. Based on the D/DBP formation and chlorine decay corresponding to each process evaluated during the pilot study, coefficients of D/DBP formation and chlorine decay were developed.

The resulting D/DBP formation and chlorine decay coefficients were entered into the wa-ter quality models for different alternatives, such as ozone (O3) followed by GAC. The primary DBPs, trihalomethanes (THMs),

and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were simulated and predicted at monitoring locations throughout the distribution system to confirm that the level of treatment would be acceptable to meet Stage 2 D/DBP Rule requirements.

The water quality model simulation results were used to assist SCESD and the WTP design team in making decisions related to the level and methods of treatment, in addition to respective cost of each service areas treatment alternatives to comply with Stage 2 D/DBP Rule requirements.

Project Purpose The overall goal of the project was to develop successful water treatment alternatives to achieve Stage 2 D/DBP Rule compliance at the established monitoring locations and throughout the entire distribution system during existing and future operational scenarios.

The plan to accomplish this goal was to: 1. Review different treatment processes and options that align with established goals.

2. Select treatment processes for pilot testing.

3. Assess design parameters with each process.

4. Pilot-test processes to determine design criteria and capacity requirements.

5. Develop advanced water quality hydraulic model to predict THM/HAA formation in a distribution system.

6. Perform various model evaluations for future potential operational scenarios.

7. Develop viable treatment alternatives (footprint, capital cost, operation and maintenance costs, pros/cons).

8. Recommend proposed alternatives.

Figure 1. Seminole County Environmental Services Department Service Areas

Model Development When developing a water quality hydraulic model it is important to create as accurate a representation of the system as possible prior to running any simulations.

Many existing created models were initially only used for hydraulic purposes and typically need significant modifications in order to simulate water quality. Additionally, similar to a geographic information system (GIS), if the model does not receive regular updates of information its value can diminish. As a model becomes more and more out of date, confidence in the model will decline.

However, modeling software advances have made the transfer of data almost automatic, making model updates much less labor intensive. For this project, it was important to create an accurate representation of the SCESD system in order to estimate future water quality within the distribution system for Stage 2 D/DBP Rule compliance. Results of the model

Figure 2. Facility Update Utilizing As-Built Drawings simulations, pilot data, and field sampling were all used to make decisions of the type and amount of treatment upgrades needed, which would result in multimillion dollar upgrades to a WTP. The following actions were used to create the SCESD water quality hydraulic model: Perform and update model components: • Structurally (pipe, junctions, pumps, tanks, and valves) • Demand • Scenario management Perform a hydraulic and water quality calibration: • Hydraulics

• At point-of-entry locations (WTPs) • At hydrant-field-recorded pressure locations • Water quality (CL2, fluoride/water age, THM, HAA) Utilize the calibrated model to assist with treatment level decision making and compliance with Stage 2 D/DBP Rule

Model Components Update The latest SCESD system component information was utilized and compared to the Continued on page 46

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

45

Continued from page 45 existing model for accuracy. The model demands were updated based on demand data collected in 2011-2012. Separate data sets for existing and future demands were generated for the scenarios and extended period simulation (EPS) scenarios were also created to enable water quality modeling capabilities.

Structural Update Structural components, including pipes, pumps, groundwater storage tanks, water supply sources, and junction elevations were updated in the hydraulic model from information collected from SCESD. Differences between the GIS data and hydraulic model data were identified and updated. The hy-

draulic model structural components were also integrated with GIS. Integration utilizing a unique identification provides SCESD with the ability to more efficiently update model components from the GIS information. Additional modifications to facility control operations and the decommissioning of water facilities were incorporated for future hydraulic simulations. Expansion of the water facilities, which included the addition of future high-service pumps, was also incorporated into the hydraulic model. The model was updated to include all current system information, including recently constructed transmission mains and future water mains.

Figure 3. Demand Allocation

Demand Update One year of historical water meter billing information was converted into geocoded demands and allocated into the hydraulic model junctions. A yearly average, in gal per minute (gpm), was calculated for each meter location. The geocoding process involved linking the water meter billing data with Seminole County property appraiser GIS parcel data by the unique parcel identification numbers. The water meter billing data was then assigned the associated geographic coordinate from the parcel. Once the water meter billing data had geographic coordinates, the features were mapped and entered into GIS. The geospatial referenced water meter billing data was used to allocate the calculated demand information into the hydraulic model junctions. The demand allocation was done by spatially joining the point demand data to the closest pipe. The demand was then split in a distanceweighted fashion between the two nodes connecting the pipe.

Scenario Management Hydraulic model scenarios were created to represent steady state and extended period simulations with the updated demand information. Average-day, maximum-day, maximum-day plus fire flow, and peak-hour demand scenarios were created for existing and future build-out conditions. The hydraulic model was updated to include existing and future EPS scenarios with the ability to simulate water age DBP formations, fluoride concentrations, and chlorine residual concentrations. The supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system flow information was used to create a 48-hour diurnal demand pattern based on one normal irrigation and one nonirrigation day. Each of the allocated demands would increase and decrease based on the pattern throughout the selected days.

Model Calibration

Figure 4. Field Sampling Locations

46

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Distribution System Field Sampling A hydraulic and water quality model calibration protocol for obtaining measurements and correlating the measurements with the hydraulic model simulated results was developed. Coordination among supply facilities, operators, and field personnel was required to ensure the system was operated consistently under typical operation, and that standard customer service levels were maintained during the data collection process. Two levels of data collection and calibration were required to increase hydraulic precision that, in turn, proved to increase the models water quality

predication accuracy.

The first level of data collection and calibration began at the water facilities point-ofentry locations and included data collection of recent SCADA information such as treatment plant pressures, flows, pump operations, variable frequency drive speeds, tank levels, and discharge chlorine residuals, as well as discharge fluoride, chlorine decay, and DBP formation sampling. Approximately 200,000 hydraulic data points of SCADA information were collected to confirm and calibrate water facility hydraulics in the model for existing conditions.

The second level of data collection and calibration consisted of collecting distribution system hydraulic and water quality data to correlate potential increases from the point-ofentry locations to the selected sampling sites, and more specifically, the Stage 2 D/DBP Rule locations. Field pressure recorders, chlorine residuals, DBPs, and fluoride sampling were collected at the locations shown in Figure 4.

The facility and distribution system data collected for calibration were collected during the same two-week time period in order to increase model-to-field accuracies by having consistent hydraulic and water quality data.

Additional field pressure measurements were collected by installing pressure recording instruments at key locations in the distribution system. Approximately 800 chlorine, fluoride, THM, and HAA field samples were collected for the distribution system water quality calibration. The facilities-collected SCADA data identified a two-day pattern that repeated throughout the sampling period, which was used to create a two-day diurnal demand pattern that simulates irrigation and nonirrigation days. Modifications to the models were made based on field-collected pressure, chlorine, THM, and HAA measurements to accurately simulate the existing system conditions in the constructed models. Figures 5 through 10 represent model versus field data calibrated results. As illustrated, the accuracy of the field versus model results exceed the established goal of the Florida Section American Water Works Association (FSAWWA), which is greater than 95 percent accuracy, and it is ready to support SCESD and the design team in making a decision on the type of treatment process and level of treatment necessary to comply with the Stage 2 D/DBP Rule.

Figure 5. Southeast Regional Water Treatment Plant Field Flows and Pressures Versus Model-Simulated

Figure 6. Field-Collected Pressures Versus Model-Simulated

Pilot Sampling and Results In parallel with the water quality hydraulic model structural update, field sampling, and calibration, pilot- and bench-scale testing was performed for the identified treatContinued on page 48

Figure 7. Field-Collected Fluoride Versus Model Simulated Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

47

Figure 9. Field-Collected Trihalomethane Versus Model-Simulated

Continued from page 47 ment alternatives. The objectives of the pilot studies were to determine the effectiveness of the treatment options to reduce hydrogen sulfide and organic content. Sulfide levels needed to be reduced to low or undetected levels in order to minimize odor complaints, as well as reduce the chlorine demand. Chlorine is used to oxidize sulfide, which results in an increase in chlorine demand over the required demand for disinfection. The chlorine reaction with total organic carbon (TOC) over time leads to the formation of DBPs. The removal of organics, and hence the removal of DBPs, was also evaluated as part of the study to achieve compliance at the Stage 2 D/DBP Rule locations and throughout the distribution system.

The DBP formation potential for the selected treatment options were evaluated to determine the levels of treatment required to meet the following THM/HAA finished water quality goal: SCESD distribution water quality goals • 60 µg/L THM at Stage 2 locations (water quality goal exceeding Stage 2 D/DBPR limit) • 40 µg/L HAA at Stage 2 locations (water quality goal exceeding Stage 2 D/DBPR limit) Process configurations assessed during pilot testing • Existing treated water • Existing treated water plus ozone • Ozone • GAC • Ozone plus GAC • Nanofiltration • Nanofiltration plus ozone (permeate) • Ion exchange

Figure 10. Field Collected Haloacetic Acids Versus Model-Simulated

Water quality results from the pilot testing obtained information on total sulfide, chlorine residual, temperature, pH, TOC, Ultraviolet-254, THMs, and HAA. The water quality information obtained was utilized to determine the effectiveness of the combinations of the treatment alternatives to meet the goals and comply with Stage 2 D/DBP Rule regulations. In addition to evaluating the DBP formation on the various treatment effluents, DBP formation was also evaluated on several blended influent and effluent streams.

Without these evaluations, only a theoretical extrapolation between source waters constituting the blended streams could be performed, which would not be an accurate evaluation. The DBP formation and chlorine decay potential were evaluated using the following treated water at different levels of blend ratios: GAC – Existing treated water blends

Figure 8. Field-Collected Chlorine Versus Model Simulated

48

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

• 100 percent GAC filtered • 75 percent GAC filtered – 25 percent existing treated water blend (no ozone) • 50 percent GAC filtered – 50 percent existing treated water blend (no ozone) NF - O3 water blends • 100 percent NF • 75 percent NF – 25 percent existing treated ozonated water blend • 50 percent NF – 50 percent existing treated ozonated water blend • 25 percent NF – 75 percent existing treated ozonated water blend GAC - O3 water blends • 100 percent GAC • 75 percent GAC – 25 percent existing treated ozonated water blend • 25 percent GAC – 75 percent existing treated ozonated water blend GAC - O3 partial breakthrough water blends • 100 percent GAC • 75 percent GAC – 25 percent existing treated ozonated water blend • 25 percent GAC – 75 percent existing treated ozonated water blend GAC - O3 full-breakthrough water blends • 100 percent GAC • 75 percent GAC – 25 percent existing treated ozonated water blend • 25 percent GAC – 75 percent existing treated ozonated water blend The pilot study data was used to create kinetic formation coefficients (Kb), initial levels of THM and HAA (C0), and limiting levels of THM and HAA (CL) for utilization within the hydraulic model. The collected data was plotted and a best-fit line was established as illustrated in Figure 11 and summarized in Table 1, which shows the GAC followed by ozone blended pilot information.

assist SCESD and the WTP design team in making decisions related to the level and methods of treatment needed to meet SCESD’s finished water quality goals. The water quality modeling confirmed specific GAC and ozone treatment capacities for blending, thereby optimizing treatment facilities requirements and cost. The valuable information gleaned from the pilot study, in conjunction with field sampling and water model quality simulations of future conditions, increased the team’s confidence level in process decision making and reduced overly conservative assumptions. The water quality modeling projects water quality changes from the treatment plant into the distribution system, where the compliance is measured. The treatment evaluation, coupled with the water quality modeling, indicated that a blended treatment using GAC and ozone resulted in a decrease in THM formation levels at the locations identified within the distribution system

and projected compliance with the Stage 2 D/DBP Rule.

References • Kennedy, M. S., Sarikelle, S., and Suravallop, K. (1991). Calibrating Hydraulic Analyses of Distribution Systems Using Fluoride Tracer Studies. American Water Works Association, 54-59.

• Methods, H., Walski, T. A., Chase, D. V., Savic, D. A., Grayman, W., Beckwith, S., et al.

(2003). Advanced Water Distribution Modeling and Management (Vol. First Edition).

Waterbury, CT: Haestad Methods Inc. • Munavalli, G. R., and Mohan Kumar, M. S. (2003). Optimal Scheduling of Multiple Chlorine Sources in Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management .

• Innovyze. (1996-2007). InfoWater:Users Guide. Broomfield, Colo.: Innovyze.

Figure 11.

GAC-Ozone Blend Analyzed Data

Table 1. GAC-Ozone Blended Model Inputs

Simulation Results and Conclusions Approximately 75 different model scenarios were created based on the pilot data and future operational changes established to evaluate the ability of the potential future treatment alternatives to meet the treatment goals and comply with the Stage 2 D/DBP Rule within the distribution system. Simulated model output for the different water quality scenarios and variables were summarized for each of the sampling locations. Table 2 shows four of the locations of the water quality hydraulic model results of the GACOzone scenarios.

The simulation results of the water quality models provided key information used to

Table 2. GAC-Ozone Distribution Model Simulated Results

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

49

FSAWWA SPEAKING OUT Carl R. Larrabee Jr. Chair, FSAWWA

f you attended this year’s American Water Works Association (AWWA) conference, ACE14, in Boston, I hope you attended the opening general session. The Florida Section had a good turnout. Our own executive director, Peggy Guingona, somehow had us up front and center for the best seats in the house.

Each year this session seems to be getting better and better, and this year was no exception.

Jim Chaffee, AWWA president, opened with a greeting, followed by David LaFrance, AWWA‘s executive director. Dave was wearing what looked like an official Boston Red Sox shirt with ACE14 as the number. Awards were distributed and dedicated service was recognized. Our own Jeff Nash garnered thanks for his service as an AWWA vice president this past year. He made the Florida Section proud!

After a few more short speeches and remarks, the keynote speaker was introduced to a standing ovation: the former mayor of New York

I

Learning in Crisis: Leaders are Made, Not Born City, Rudy Giuliani. The crowd became electrified (a little dangerous around water folks!).

The mayor spoke about his role in response to the 9/11 attacks, subsequent rescue efforts, and massive cleanup. He mentioned that his team of city officials had done quite a lot of planning for various possible crisis scenarios, but nothing as monumental as the collapse of both Twin Towers at the World Trade Center.

As resources were mobilized, they all realized that the planning they’d done would indeed be put to use. Police and rescue personnel training, evacuation plans, auxiliary power, purchasing procedures, and a myriad of other support services were simultaneously employed. New York City’s response to the worst attack on U.S. soil in this century was exemplary.

Hearing a firsthand account of such an effort was one of those lifetime memorable events. The mayor didn’t stop there, however; he continued by describing how to be a suc-

cessful leader. He’s written a book that includes all his experience and ideas, and here is an abbreviation of his abbreviated version: “Before you do anything, you need to first ask yourself, ‘What are you’re trying to accomplish?’ Then think, ‘How are we going to solve this?’ Remember that every problem has a solution or approach.”

He then described the six characteristics of a successful leader: A leader should have strong beliefs. Do what’s right. It may not be popular. You may be criticized. You may even lose your job.

But if it’s the right thing to do, do it.

A leader must be an optimist, a problem solver. The world is full of naysayers telling you why you can’t do something. Optimists have a lot more fun getting things accomplished!

A leader must have courage, be willing to take risks. A leader can’t be afraid to challenge the status quo. It’s okay to make some mistakes along the way.

A leader must understand the value of relentless preparation. Prepare for the uncertain. Learn to think on your feet.

A leader must fully appreciate and practice teamwork. It’s not about you, it’s about them. Know your weaknesses and complement your team with people who have strengths in those areas.

A leader must communicate effectively.

Communication is both letting someone know what you know, as well as learning what someone else knows. Questioning, listening, and absorbing what you’re hearing are key qualities of a successful leader.

Many of you may say, “I’m not a leader.”

Leaders come from everywhere to meet challenges. You never know when you’ll find yourself in a situation where you are the leader. In our field of supplying water to our customers, every day there’s the possibility of an event that will require you to take the lead.

Here’s an ultra-abbreviated version: Open your ears and be fully prepared to optimistically work with others to bravely do what’s right. All inspired by a man, Rudy Giuliani, who’s now a part of history.

I can’t wait for ACE15 in Anaheim. Make an effort to be there and attend the next opening session!

50

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

SPOTLIGHT ON SAFETY

FWEA Safety Committee Appoints New Chair Doug Prentiss Sr. s the outgoing FWEA Safety Committee chair (a seat I’ve held for the past 30 years) for the last 30 years, I have many great memories and have made many friends. At this point in my life, my focus is turning to family and home and mentoring my grandchildren. Thanks to all of you who helped, supported, and participated in our projects and events.

I am very pleased to introduce Judd Mooso as the new committee chair.

He brings with him unique experiences and abilities that will improve the committee and its activities.

MOOSO I will continue to serve a support role in the committee to ensure a smooth transition, but ask that each of you welcome him as the new face of safety for FWEA. His contact information is: Judd Mooso Destin Water Users Inc. Water Operations Superintendent Safety Program Coordinator Office: 850-337-3915 Mobile: 850-699-3662 Fax: 850-837-6841 jmooso@dwuinc.com

A

Like many safety professionals, I can appreciate the challenges that come with being a dual-hat employee. In addition to my responsibilities to safety, I am also the superintendent for our drinking water operations department and am a dual-licensed operator in both water and wastewater. I have also been serving in the U.S. Army for over 23 years and continue to serve today with the Army Reserve as a battalion command sergeant major.

I have been fortunate to work for an organization that encourages and promotes safety in every phase of the operation.

Thanks to a fully supportive board of directors and senior management team, DWU operates an extremely progressive safety program with active participation at every level. Over the years DWU has not only managed to promote and develop its safety programs, but more significantly, it has fostered a safety culture. They have also supported my role as a military serviceman, including a 15-month deployment to Iraq in 2007, and my ongoing monthly Reserve obligations. I am also supported by outstanding coworkers who have taken on additional duties during these deployments.

Above all, I have an amazingly supportive family. I am married to a wonderful woman who serves as my rudder during the ebbs and flows of raising our two children.

Like many of you I am involved in my children’s activities by coaching and mentoring and doing whatever it takes to ensure they are given a fair chance to succeed in our complicated world. In my spare time there is nothing I enjoy more than a relaxed day of boating, camping, or just enjoying a little downtime with my family.

My immediate goals for the committee are: Increase membership and participation in the FWEA Safety Committee.

Provide safety-related information useful to FWEA members.

Align safety committee activities with FWEA goals and objectives.

Establish annual Safety Committee meetings in conjunction with the Florida Water Resources Conference.

By accepting the position of FWEA Safety Committee chair, I hope to give something back to the industry that has provided me and my family with opportunities I never imagined, but am grateful to have received.

Doug Prentiss is president of DPI, providing a wide range of safety services throughout Florida.

The following, in Mooso’s words, gives you his background and plans for the committee.

I am currently the safety programs and training coordinator for Destin Water Users Inc. (DWU), a member-owned, not-forprofit utility located in Destin. The DWU provides wastewater collection and treatment, drinking water production and distribution, and reuse water distribution to our service area. I have been employed with DWU for over 16 years and have been actively involved in the safety program for 14 years. In March 2005, I was designated as the company safety committee chair and charged with the general oversight and management of safety in our utility. Although safety can at times be a tremendous responsibility, I have enjoyed both the experience and the education it has provided me over the years.

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

51

PROCESS PAGE Greetings from the FWEA Wastewater Process Committee! This month’s column will highlight one of this year’s Earle B. Phelps Award winners: the Seminole County Environmental Services Department (SCESD) Greenwood Lakes Water Reclamation Facility. We hope that you will enjoy reading about another outstanding treatment facility in Florida, and perhaps you will learn something that can be implemented at your plant.

Terrence McCue and John Milligan he facility, which is located in the northeast portion of Seminole County (an aerial view is shown in Figure 1), has a permitted treatment capacity of 3 mgd and is presently operating at approximately 66 percent of its capacity. The facility was upgraded in May 2012 to improve effluent water quality to meet new permit requirements and replace aging plant equipment and infrastructure.

Treated effluent is used for public access reuse or discharged to rapid infiltration basins (RIBs). The upgraded plant utilizes a biological nutrient removal (BNR) process to achieve an

T

annual average Total Nitrogen (TN) effluent limit of 3 mg/L (effluent limitation on RIBs).

The recent improvements include: Equipment replacement Tank rehabilitation New flow equalization/anoxic tank Mechanical surface aerators with variable frequency drives New fine bubble diffusers in the oxidation ditches Internal recycle pump system Replacement of existing travelling bridge filters with upflow deep bed filters New sequential facultative digestion system for biosolids treatment

Figure 1. Facility plant processes

Updated electrical and control equipment, including additional auxiliary power The BNR process modifications included the addition of on-line monitoring of oxidationreduction potential (ORP) at the end of the carousel secondary zones for automatic mechanical aerator speed control, and ammonia (NH4) and nitrate (NO3) at the discharge of each carousel for process monitoring. The configuration of the biological process is shown in Figure 2.

The controls allow for automatic control of the aeration system to achieve simultaneous nitrification/denitrification within the oxidation ditches. The effluent quality averages from the previous 12 months are summarized in Table 1.

The data demonstrate the exceptional performance of the facility, particularly in regard to nitrogen removal. The new flow equalization/anoxic tank, improved mixing in the aeration basins, automation of the air control system using on-line ORP measurement, and installation of NH4 and NO3 meters that allow for the optimization of nitrification and denitrification are the primary factors contributing to the excellent TN removal observed at the facility.

The recent upgrades not only improved effluent quality, but also resulted in cost savings.

The addition of the new mechanical aerators with variable frequency drives controlled by the ORP meters, the replacement of the traveling bridge filters with upflow filters, and the reduction in horsepower at the reclaimed water pumping station generated a reduction of 4 percent in annual electrical costs, for a cost savings of approximately $13,000 per year. Due to the improved effluent quality (consistently lower effluent ammonia and total suspended solids), the sodium hypochlorite usage was reduced by approximately 48 percent, which also resulted in a cost savings of approximately $73,000 per year.

Terrence McCue, Ph.D., P.E., is project manager and John Milligan is wastewater manager with Seminole County Environmental Services Department in Sanford.

Table 1. Facility Effluent Concentrations ..................................cBOD5 ................TSS ..................TN

Influent ................241 mg/L ......197 mg/L ......46 mg/L Effluent ................1.06 mg/L ......1.34 mg/L ....0.96 mg/L Permit Limit ............5 mg/L ..........5 mg/L ..........3 mg/L

Figure 2. Facility Biological Process Configuration

52

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Percent Removal........99.6 ..............99.3 ..............97.9

C FACTOR

State Water Professionals Get Deserved Recognition Jeff Poteet President, FWPCOA

ugust is Florida Water Professionals Month—yes, that’s right: an entire month! As you know, August has traditionally had a week dedicated to water professionals; this year, however, as proclaimed by Governor Rick Scott, the entire month of August is dedicated to the state’s water professionals.

The governor realizes the important role that you, our water professionals, play in the everyday lives of the people of this great state.

This proclamation, along with the hundreds of similar proclamations signed by the leaders of local communities, symbolizes the significant role water professionals play in protecting the health of our communities and the environment.

This will also be the last year that this recognition will be done in August. Starting in 2015, it will be recognized in April to coincide with the Florida Water Resource Conference and Water Conservation Month.

A

Regional Meeting Recognizes Retirement

tioned how Phil stopped the county’s quest to take over the city’s drinking water system. It was through Phil’s passion and dedication to keep the water treatment of their community on a local level, which kept the system’s operations in the hands of the local leaders.

It is people like Phil Donovan that have made FWPCOA the great success that it is. I am sure that thorn will be poking people more frequently as the job he had will no longer be getting in the way! Thank you, Phil, for all of your contributions over the years!

Meeting Events Facilitate Interaction If you didn’t attend the June board of directors meeting you missed a good one. Region IV was the host of the meeting and what a phenomenal job they did! The region went out and found sponsors for a “meet and greet” event the Friday night prior to the meeting, which included dinner and door prizes.

It was awesome talking with the directors, their families, and the membership of Region IV in a very relaxing atmosphere. The region also sponsored the breakfast prior to the board meeting on Saturday morning. I would like to recognize Debra Englander, Christina Pellegatti, and Janet DeBiasio of Region IV, and Thea Parslow of Region XI, for their efforts in hosting this event.

Thanks to Some of My Mentors Wow! What an awesome meeting Region VI recently had at the Lake Worth Water Treatment Facility. It was a very special meeting for one of our own—Phil Donovan. Phil is retiring from the City of Lake Worth, and the region celebrated this milestone with him. I happily took the two-and-a-half-hour ride to share this moment with one of our past presidents. Approximately 75 people attended Phil’s sendoff including: a sitting state senator; several past mayors of the City of Lake Worth; many coworkers; his brothers, wife, and daughter; and of course, his FWPCOA family.

As we took turns around the room giving accolades, there seemed to be a common theme. It was clear that Phil was active in his community and may have been the proverbial thorn in the side that helps leaders make the right choices. Several of the politicians men-

As president of the Association, I have several venues to show appreciation to those in our industry who have done great things. I also get to recognize those people who have touched me and helped me on a professional level.

Recently, there have been several colleagues that I’ve worked with who have moved on to explore other opportunities. I would like to thank them as they have been a major part of my life for the past decade or more. Dr. Bruce Weinstein, Don Blalock, Ron Weis, Gerald Erb, and Jake Hepokoski have all contributed to my success, the community that I serve, and the Association that we are all a part of. I personally thank you for your contributions and I look forward to working with you in future endeavors.

Water Expo Coming Up I am extremely excited about the upcoming Southwest Florida Water and Wastewater Expo on September 11 that will be held at the Harborside Convention Center in Ft. Myers. This will be the expo’s seventh year and it just gets better and better every time.

The expo is a joint training event of the FWPCOA Region VIII, the Southwest Chapter of FWEA, and FSAWWA Region V. Last year’s exposition floor had over 60 vendors and more door prizes than I could count. For more information contact Justin Martin at 08-chair@fwpcoa.org.

August Board Meeting The next FWPCOA board meeting will be held at 9:30 a.m. on August 10 at Indian River State College in Ft. Pierce. This is the same week as our State Short School. On Wednesday, August 13, to celebrate Florida Water Professionals Month, we will hold our annual awards banquet recognizing the state’s best water professionals and communities in our industry. I hope to see you there!

Correction In the June 2014 issue, page 20 had the incorrect photo for the acceptor of the FWEA Biosolids Award. The correct photo is shown here.

Biosolids Awards

Small Operations Bonita Springs Utilities Accepted by Clifford Morris.

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

53

News Beat The Division of State Lands of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) will sell state-owned surplus nonconservation lands to increase the budget for future purchases. The move supports the vision of the 2014-2015 Florida legislature, which gave FDEP the authority to sell $40 million worth of land.

“It is the priority of the department to acquire and manage lands needed for conservation and public purposes and to dispose of surplus, state-owned lands that are no longer needed,” said Kelley Boree, director of the division.

The South Florida Water Management District has won the 2013 Growing Blue Award that was presented during a recent ceremony at the American Water Summit in Washington, D.C. The district won the award through a competitive, live vote of its peers at the summit.

The award recognizes individuals and organizations advancing an understanding of how water is essential to economic and social growth and how it sustains the environment.

In a new effort, Altamonte Springs will collect rainwater that falls on Interstate 4, which runs through the city, treat it to remove oil, gasoline, and other pollutants, and pipe it to residents and businesses for landscape irrigation.

The $13 million project, known as AFIRST, is aimed at reducing the amount of pollutants and harmful nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, that flow into the Little Wekiva and Wekiva rivers and cause algae blooms.

With a program kickoff that was held on June 13, the city’s sewage system will be ready to deliver its first gallons of stormwater to customers in about 18 months. Eventually, the system will deliver up to 4.5 mil gal of water a day. Any excess water from the interstate remaining after it’s delivered to customers will be pumped to a second water treatment plant and then flow to Apopka through a 5-mi-long pipe that will be built as part of the project. Apopka will receive this water for the next five decades without charge as part of an agreement between the two municipalities.

Florida’s Department of Transporta-

tion and Department of Environmental Protection also collaborated on the project.

Associated Industries of Florida will host the 5th Annual Florida Water Forum on October 10 at the Renaissance Orlando at SeaWorld, from 9:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.

The forum will address critical issues related to Florida’s water challenges, and the presenters will include environmental experts on agricultural water supply, permitting, alternative water supply projects, numeric nutrient criteria, and Everglades issues. The program will also include a preview of the 2015 legislative session. Over the past five years, this forum has garnered recognition from business and community leaders, local and regional government officials, and the public.

McKim & Creed Inc. has been named Wastewater and Water Consultant of the Year by the Florida chapter of the American Public Works Association.

The award was presented on July 10 at the Florida Public Works Expo in Fort Lauderdale. Robert Garland, regional manager with the firm, accepted the award.

The award is presented to one consulting company each year. To be considered, a firm must demonstrate project successes, be actively involved in community and professional organizations, and be endorsed by clients and public agencies.

“APWA’s Florida Chapter Awards Program was established to recognize outstanding individuals and companies representing the best achievement in the public works profession in the state,” said Russell Ketchem, chapter president. “This award demonstrates McKim & Creed’s commitment to the engineering profession, its clients, and Florida’s communities.”

McKim & Creed is a multistate firm and established its Florida operations in 1994. It has offices in Clearwater, Daytona Beach, DeLand, Fort Myers, Palm Coast, Sarasota, and Tampa.

The South Florida Water Management District reports that wet-season rains in mid-July have continued to fill the state’s aquifers, lakes, canals, and conservation areas. An estimated 2.1 in. average rainfall fell across 16 counties, with a focus on areas around and west of Lake Okeechobee.

Early July through mid-August is a typContinued on page 55

54

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

New Products Wireless lift station monitors from Telog Instruments collect information on station operation and provide a combination of real-time alarm notification via SMS text or email, time-stamp event data, trend data, station flow history, pump cycle data, pumping rate history, pump energy efficiency history, and site diagnostics. Information is shared with interested parties via Web server access, email and/or SMS message alarms, daily/weekly/monthly reports, and data sharing with third-party applications, such as modeling, SCADA, etc. Data is automatically collected from lift stations using RTUs, then transferred to a central server via a choice of communication technologies, including cellular, landline, radio, or Ethernet. Data may be transmitted on a user-defined schedule and/or immediately on detection of a station alarm. (www.telog.com)

Masterflex peristaltic pumps from Thermo Scientific eliminate the risk of vapor lock, as the chemicals being pumped are confined to elastomer tubing and never come in contact with the pump itself. The pumps deliver optimal chemical oxidants like sodium hypochlorite, aggressive materials like ferric chloride, polymers and other shear-sensitive products, and highly viscous and abrasive materials like lime slurries.

Rollers on the pump head rotor squeeze the tubing, generating vacuum that propels the solution through the tube at a specific rate.

Scale doesn’t build up in the pump as there are no valves or seats exposed to the fluid stream. The pumps offer simple operation and a large practical turndown and capacity range with one variable, single-speed adjustment. When the pump stops, the occluded portion of the tube stays squeezed shut with

no siphoning effect. (www.thermoscientific.com)

The Hexacon Model III toxic gas multiactuator valve controller from Halogen Valve Systems has an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) information display and optional programmable relay interface module to provide clear, timely informational outputs. An optional second battery allows quick, reliable valve closures. A microprocessor system measures and applies a torque of 30 to 50 ft-lbs for test or emergency valve closures for cylinder and ton container valves. Fire codes recognize and approve the automatic-closing and fail-safe shut-off valve system in place of a scrubber. The SCADAoption system provides 26 information streams like activation status and error codes by actuator to allow quick corrective action. (www.halogenvalve.com)

Evoqua Water Technologies has original-equipment Internalift screw pump component replacements for lifting of liquids in municipal or industrial applications. Com-

pany experts provide equipment evaluations and recommend the best options to restore original pumping efficiency, extend the useful like of the product, avoid downtime, and meet operating budgets. Turnkey services include removal or rehabilitation of existing equipment and installation of new equipment or components. (www.evoqua.com)

Tyr rotary blowers from Busch Vacuum Pumps and Systems are vacuum and lowpressure generators that operate with piston ring seals. Available in six sizes, they can be adjusted by selecting the drive and variable speed. Due to the noncontacting design, operating fluid is not required in the compression chamber. Automatic belt tensioning between the drive and blower stage eliminates manual checking and retensioning on the v-belts. The operating pressure, filter, and gear-oil level can be monitored via displays on the housing. Depending on the version, acoustic insulation reduces noise and an optional acoustic enclosure can reduce noise by another 15 to 20 dBA. (www.buschusa) Continued on page 56

News Beat Continued from page 54 ically hotter and often drier period of the wet season. This unusual weather pattern has helped to prolong the typically heavier rainfall that marks the beginning of the wet season into this drier period.

South Florida is still under the district’s year-round landscape irrigation rule that limits residential and business landscape irrigation to two or three days a week. To determine watering days and times in a particular area, go to www.sfwmd.gov/2days.

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

55

Continued from page 55

The Schwalm robotic pipe renovation system from LMK Technologies is compatible with sewer pipeline inspection camera systems and can cut, grind, and chisel the full circumference of 5.5-to 24-in. diameter pipe.

It can remotely disconnect lining equipment, enabling the robot to install another liner while a first liner is curing. Equipped with an interchangeable digital zoom camera, the robot can reach 12 in. into a service connection to remove resin slugs, as well as cut and drive through a failed cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) installation. It can also reinstate service connections after a CIPP. (www.lmktechnologies.com)

Ford Meter Box Co. has a FSC-R2 Dual-Armor Wrap Clamp with an EPDM gasket that provides full wraparound coverage for maximum protection against pipe leaks. The stainless steel body and epoxy ductile iron lugs are corrosion resistant, while location indicators simplify “blind” installation. Location indicators aid in posi-

tioning the gasket in the clamp, ensuring a proper fit. Designed for the repair of a pinhole leak or small crack in copper or steel pipes, clamps are available in 3-in. (1 bolt) and 6-in. (2 bolt) widths for pipes from ½ to 2 in. in diameter.

Gasket thickness varies by type and size.

For steel pipes, gasket thickness is 0.17 in. for ½- through 1 ½-in. pipes and 0.21 in. for 2in pipes. Copper pipe gaskets range from 0.146 to 0.315 in. thick. The 3-in.-wide clamps weigh from 0.75 to 1.5 lbs, while the 6-in. clamp weighs from 1.5 to 3 lbs. (wwwfordmeterbox.com)

The mobile rotary lobe self-priming, valveless, positive-displacement pump from Boerger is used for rapid deployment of floodwater, stormwater, domestic wastewater, industrial effluents, and lagoon clean up. Twenty pump models in six series are offered with pulsation-free operation, fully reversible rotation, dry-run capabilities, and flow rates to 5,000 gpm. All wear parts can be replaced through the front cover without removal of piping or drive systems. (www.boerger.com)

The 100W+ water communication model from Itron has compact design, long battery life, and technology designed to adapt and grow with a utility’s business, helping it streamline operations and maximize resources. It includes standard consumption message (SCM+) with more information that previous generations and has capabilities in security and fixed network performance. (www.itron.com)

Advanced Groove System (AGS) couplings from Victaulic have a two-piece housing and a wedge-shaped groove that delivers pressure ratings up to 350 psi. A typical large-diameter joint that requires several hours to weld can be installed in less than an hour. The devices simplify installation by providing visual confirmation of proper assembly. Installation is complete when housing segments meet metal-to-metal and torque requirements have been met. The couplings create a union at every joint for easy access to the piping system for maintenance and system retrofits. Couplings are available for pipe up to 60 in. in diameter. (www.victaulic.com)

The AM 1008 Protector System from Aqua Mizer Inc. is a toilet tank system that will increase flush velocity, improving flush performance with less water. A key feature is the ability to turn the valve off in the event of a leak or flood. The inexpensive system is ideal for a utility water reduction rebate program. (www.aquamizerinc.com)

Qube Packages from Tuthill Vacuum & Blower Systems can be used for aeration where the blower supplies oxygen to an aeration tank or pond, for basic sewage and sludge movement, and for transfer of digester gases. Packages come with a Qx rotary positive-displacement blower. A maintenance-friendly noise enclosure with easy access includes an instrument panel with process gauges and an oil drain/level gauge accessible from the front. The mounting base includes integral fork truck pockets, automatic V-belt tensioning with belt replacement indicator and a relief valve. The package is suitable for outdoor installation and is offered with flows from 85 to 950 cfm and pressure ranges up to 18 psig. (www.tuthillvacummblower.com)

56

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

The Upgrade progressive cavity replacement grinder pump from Environment One Corp. is designed to fit nearly any other grinder pump wet well. It includes slide rails, pump/motor, float switches, piping, and motor control devices. All solids are ground into fine particles that pass easily through the pump, check valves, and small-diameter pipelines. The unit is designed not to jam and for minimum wear to the grinding mechanism. It comes with a self-contained level control system that eliminates float switches. It is automatically activated and runs for very short periods. The 1 1/4-in. slide face discharge connection is adaptable to any existing discharge piping. The internal check valve assembly is custom designed for nonclog, trouble-free operation. (www.eone.com)

sure couplings, and termination fittings. It is available in PVC and CPVC (either material may be primary or secondary), with clear PVC an option for the containment pipe.

System size options range from ½ by 2 in. to 6- by 10-in. (www.gfpiping.com)

The self-contained Archimedian TubeMounted Screw Pump (TMSP) from Schreiber turns inside a stationary support tube, allowing it to transport return activated

sludge at low rpm, eliminating floc shearing.

It can be set at a fixed angle, or the lower end can be hoist-supported, allowing the pump angle to be varied. The variable pump capacity, which can be modulated even at constant speed by adjusting the pump angle, eliminates variable-frequency drives. The optional hoist facilities provide easy access for maintenance.

The self-aligning lower support bearing is a single-row, spherical roller bearing designed for radial and thrust forces. The lower bearing Continued on page 58

Orenco Systems presents DualFiber, a strong, lightweight, super-insulated fiberglass enclosure that can house process and control equipment, chemicals, and workers and is weatherproof, watertight, and has seamless construction. Standard sizes of the enclosures are 8 ft high; 4, 6, and 8 ft wide; and up to 22 ft long. They have foam-core fiberglass walls that are 2 to 4 in. thick; single-piece, closed-molded construction; surfaces protected with polyester gelcoat; outside surfaces protected with high=performance polyurethane; insulation value up to 24; lifting brackets for moving and setting and an internal pocket attachment system; internal and external lighting; roof structure rated up to 100 lbs per sq ft; and wind rating to 130 mph. Options available include skidproof fiberglass floors, roll-up windows, HVAC, load centers, ventilation fans, multiple color schemes, and insulated lift station controls. (www.orenco.com)

The Double-See pressure-rated double containment vinyl piping system from GF Piping Systems offers an easy installation method, a closure coupling design that allows conformance to the ASME B31.3 test inspection requirements, and 3-D thermal expansion compensation. Both primary and secondary pipes are cut to the same length and can be joined simultaneously, saving time and preventing potential mistakes caused by staggered pipe-cut measurement errors. It offers assembled and tested fittings and a pipe cut-length guidance system that simplifies installation. The system has pipe, fittings, leak detection and access tees, cloFlorida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

57

Continued from page 57 lubrication system uses a transparent oil reservoir and a gravity supply tube that eliminates a grease and recovery system. (www.schreiberwater.com)

The InstoMix high-energy flash mixer from Walker Process Equipment disperses coagulant and other flocculent solutions into raw water. The flash blending of coagulant results in optimum floc formation and maximizes chemical economy. Units are constructed for flange mounting directly in the pipeline and are equipped with an internal-feed manifold to distribute solutions uniformly throughout the sectionalized mixer body. The in-line design allows a low energy input, low headloss, and high G-Value result.

The mixer can be custom-sized to produce a desired G-Value. Units are available for 8- to 72-in. pipelines.

The Kruger ACTIFLO Carb facilitates removal of natural organic matter, taste and odor compounds, endocrine disruptors, and pesticides with the combined benefits of ballasted clarification and the adsorption capac-

58

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

ities of powdered activated carbon (PAC). It can be applied to drinking water and wastewater and operates in a small footprint. Since the PAC is recycled within the process, dosages are reduced and the solids handing capabilities allow for high concentrations of PAC to be maintained in the system. The process is adaptable to changes in raw-water quality by modifying the fresh PAC dose. The process train can be used with or without PAC based on seasonal demands. (www.krugerusa.com)

Vacuum diatomaceous earth filters from Separmatic are easy to operate and maintain.

Tank flushing is required approximately every two weeks, assisted by the reciprocating spray bars and internal flushing system. The unit can be operated by any personnel; aside from infrequent filter element fabric replacement, maintenance is minimal. Units are available in capacities as low as 5 gpm and can be skid or trailer mounted for portability. Tanks are constructed of stainless steel in 304 or 316 material. (www.separmaticsystems.com)

RO WISE water process controls from PRIMEX Controls combine control hardware platforms with Process PRO modular program architecture to provide process control, data storage, and remote monitoring and operation for reverse osmosis applications. Systems include an HMI main touch screen offering easy operation, flexible configurability, continuous process variable monitoring, normalization data, language selection, realtime units conversion, cycle counts, and run times for all valves and pumps. Data storage tracks trends for process variables and changes to system settings. With Internet access at the site, the system offers remote monitoring, access to trend data, and email and SMS messaging of alarms. (www.rpimexcontrols.com)

Regenerative turbine pumps from MTH Pumps can reach pressures from 10 to 1,000 psi at low flow rates, making them well-suited for water sampling where samples from many locations need to be moved to one central location. Custom-sized for required pressure and flow to guarantee efficient performance, the pumps can distribute water hundreds of feet to testing sites throughout a treatment facility. They can also be used for pressure boosting, such as for spray/washdown, seal flushing, and dust control. With the ability to handle 20 percent vapor by volume, they can generate microbubbles for dissolved air flotation processes. (www.mthpumps.com)

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

59

Certification Boulevard Test Your Knowledge of Disinfection In recognition of the 65th anniversary of the Journal, here is the first Certification Boulevard column that was published in the magazine in July 2000.

4. What is the term most associated with free chlorine residual?

Roy Pelletier 1. What is the approximate expansion ratio of one volume of chlorine liquid when it evaporates to a gas?

A. B. C. D.

750 8.34 7.48 460

2. Calculate the chlorine demand, given the following data: • Total daily lbs used is 1,400 lbs/day • The plant flow is 13.5 mgd • The effluent chlorine residual is 2.5 mg/L

A. B. C. D.

Breakpoint Chloramine Fecal Alkalinity

5. Calculate the required volume of a chlorine contact chamber, given the following data: • Plant average daily flow is 5.7 mgd • Plant peak flow is 9.9 mgd • Required detention time at average daily flow (ADF) is 30 min • Required detention time at peak flow is 15 min A. B. C. D.

13,721 cubic ft 102,636 gal 12,367 cubic ft 118,750 gal

7. Sulfur dioxide and sodium bisulfite can be used as dechlorination chemicals.

A. True B. False 8. Never trap liquid chlorine between two closed valves.

A. True B. False 9. Leaking chlorine gas will tend to collect near the ceiling of a closed room.

A. True B. False 10. Match the following emergency repair kits to their respective containers: Kit A

Tank cars and trucks

Kit B

150-lb cylinders

Kit C

Ton containers

Answers on page 66 A. B. C. D.

6,305 lbs/day 1,118 lbs/day 1,681 lbs/day 281 lbs/day

6. What does this formula best represent?

Tank Volume, ft3 Flow, mgd x 92.84 cfm/mgd

3. What chemical is used to identify a chlorine leak?

A. B. C. D.

Sulfur dioxide Sodium hydroxide Ammonia Sulfuric acid

A. Chlorine residual B. Contact chamber detention time C. Fecal coliform D. Tank volume in gal

LOOKING FOR ANSWERS? Check the Archives

Are you new to the water and wastewater field? Want to boost your knowledge about topics youʼll face each day as a water/waste-water professional?

All past editions of Certification Boulevard through the year 2000 are

60

available on the Florida Water Environment Associationʼs website at www.fwea.org. Click the “Site Map” button on the home page, then scroll down to the Certification Boulevard Archives, located below the Operations Research Committee.

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

SEND US YOUR QUESTIONS Readers are welcome to submit questions or exercises on water or wastewater treatment plant operations for publication in Certification Boulevard. Send your question (with the answer) or your exercise (with the solution) by email to roy.pelletier@cityoforlando.net, or by mail to: Roy Pelletier Wastewater Project Consultant City of Orlando Public Works Department Environmental Services Wastewater Division 5100 L.B. McLeod Road Orlando, FL 32811 407-716-2971

ENGINEERING DIRECTORY

Tank Engineering And Management Consultants, Inc.

Engineering • Inspection Aboveground Storage Tank Specialists Mulberry, Florida • Since 1983

863-354-9010 www.tankteam.com

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

61

ENGINEERING DIRECTORY

Fort Lauderdale 954.351.9256

Jacksonville 904.733.9119

Miami 305.443.6401

Orlando 407.423.0030

Gainseville 352.335.7991

Key West 305.294.1645

Navarro 850.939.8300

Tampa 813.874.0777 813.386.1990

West Palm Beach 561.904.7400

Naples 239.596.1715

Showcase Your Company in the Engineering or Equipment & Services Directory Contact Mike Delaney at 352-241-6006 ads@fwrj.com

EQUIPMENT & SERVICES DIRECTORY

62

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

EQUIPMENT & SERVICES DIRECTORY

Motor & Utility Services, LLC

Instrumentation,Controls Specialists Instrumentation Calibration Troubleshooting and Repair Services On-Site Water Meter Calibrations Preventive Maintenance Contracts Emergency and On Call Services Installation and System Start-up Lift Station Controls Service and Repair

Central Florida Controls,Inc. Florida Certified in water meter testing and repair P.O. Box 6121 • Ocala, FL 34432 Phone: 352-347-6075 • Fax: 352-347-0933

CEC Motor & Utility Services, LLC 1751 12th Street East Palmetto, FL. 34221 Phone - 941-845-1030 Fax – 941-845-1049 prademaker@cecmotoru.com • Motor & Pump Services Test Loaded up to 4000HP, 4160-Volts • Premier Distributor for Worldwide Hyundai Motors up to 35,000HP • Specialists in rebuilding motors, pumps, blowers, & drives • UL 508A Panel Shop, engineer/design/build/install/commission • Lift Station Rehabilitation Services, GC License # CGC1520078 • Predictive Maintenance Services, vibration, IR, oil sampling • Authorized Sales & Service for Aurora Vertical Hollow Shaft Motors

w w w. c e nt r a l f l or i d a c ont rol s . c om

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

63

EQUIPMENT & SERVICES DIRECTORY

CLASSIFIEDS Positions Av ailable Purchase Private Utilities and Operating Routes Florida Corporation is interested in expanding it’s market in Florida.

We would like you and your company to join us. We will buy or partner for your utility or operations business. Call Carl Smith at 727-8359522. E-mail: csmith@uswatercorp.com

We are currently accepting employment applications for the following positions: Water & Wastewater Licensed Operator’s – positions are available in the following counties: Pasco, Polk, Highlands, Lee, Marathon Maintenance Technicians – positions are available in the following locations: Jacksonville, New Port Richey, Fort Myers, Lake, Marion, Ocala, Pembroke Pines Construction Manager – Hillsborough Customer Service Manager - Pasco Employment is available for F/T, P/T and Subcontract opportunities Please visit our website at www.uswatercorp.com (Employment application is available in our website) 4939 Cross Bayou Blvd.

New Port Richey, FL 34652 Toll Free: 1-866-753-8292 Fax: (727) 848-7701 E-Mail: hr@uswatercorp.com

Water and Wastewater Utility Operations, Maintenance, Engineering, Management

64

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

Plant Operator - Water Waste Water at SCPS Responsibilities: Maintain and operate district’s water and wastewater distribution systems and treatment plants as prescribed by Florida Statutes and DEP. Qualifications: AS/BS Degree(preferred) or High School Diploma/equivalent, five years’ experience in water and wastewater systems, class C operator’s license for a water treatment plant, class D operator’s license for a wastewater treatment plant, and valid driver’s license. http://www.scps.k12.fl.us/Portals/17/assets/doc/Plant%20Operator_WaterWasteWater.pdf

City of Groveland Class C Wastewater Operator The City of Groveland is hiring a Class "C" Wastewater Operator. Salary Range $30,400-$46,717 DOQ. Please visit groveland-fl.gov for application and job description. Send completed application to 156 S Lake Ave. Groveland, Fl 34736 attn: Human Resources. Background check and drug screen required. Open until filled EOE, V/P, DFWP

Wastewater Plant Operator C License Marathon, Florida Keys Category: Full-Time Description: This position is responsible for wastewater treatment plant operation and process control data collection and reporting, ensuring that the plant operates within the required State of Florida Department of Environmental permit standards.

Miscellaneous: Email application/resume to HR@ci.marathon.fl.us or fax to 305-289-4143.

See website for full description: www.ci.marathon.fl.us

St. John's Improvement District Water Manager Administrator

Seacoast Utility Authority Utility Compliance Officer

St. John's Improvement District located in Indian River County, seeks to replace retiring Administrator/Chief Operating Officer to manage and operate agricultural water management system, flow-ways, reservoir, canals, ditches and pump stations. Water is controlled for District made up of 30,000 acres, most planted in citrus, balance in pasture or sod farming. Water control for both drainage and irrigation through a pump driven system (51 pumps).

Hands on experience in pump operation, repair and maintenance, agriculture (citrus), personnel management, budgeting and basic accounting, or degree in engineering/agronomy. Computer skills desired. St. John's Improvement District is located in southwestern Indian River County bordered on the north by State Road 60 and on the south by St. Lucie County serving 80-100 landowners represented by elected Board of Supervisors elected from among landowners/members west of Vero Beach.

Compensation competitive and negotiable dependent upon experience and training. Agency benefits apply.

Interested parties contact: Emmett Evans, Chairman Board of Supervisors, Evans Properties, 660 Beachland Boulevard, Suite 301, Vero Beach FL 32963, telephone: (772) 234-2410, email: eevans@evansprop.com.

Responsibilities are to monitor development of and Seacoast’s compliance with existing and proposed laws, rules, regulations and permits governing water, sewer, and reclaimed water operations, and air quality standards (e.g., federal Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine regulations).

City of Vero Beach Electronics Technician

Responsible for the operation, maintenance and certification of the Central Laboratory and PGA WWTP Laboratory; supports all process laboratory operations for water and wastewater treatment plants, including but not limited to purchasing laboratory supplies and field monitoring equipment for certified and process laboratory operations.

Responsible for regulatory compliance monitoring, sample collection, and laboratory analysis (in-house and by contract laboratory) for drinking water and wastewater operations. Compiles data and reports to these departments for submittal to the applicable regulatory agency.

Supervise work group providing ongoing support and coaching regarding work performance, evaluates, counsels and submits employee performance evaluation, provides safety training, explains the Authority’s policies and procedures and approves work group timesheets.

Salary Range is $52,270.40 – $87,796.80 annually plus an excellent benefits package to include employer paid health, dental, life, short & long term disability and retirement.

Position is open until filled.

Services, maintains, installs and performs preventative maintenance of electronic and electrical equipment throughout the water and sewer system. Must have thorough working knowledge of configuring, programming and maintenance of Modicon Programmable Logic Controllers and GE IFix HMI software version 5.5 and later. Visit website for complete job description, qualifications needed, and instruction to apply. $28.04 p/hr www.covb.org City of Vero Beach EOE/DFWP 772 978-4909

Apply to Seacoast Utility Authority Human Resources Department 4200 Hood Rd Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410 (561) 627-2900 ext 395 hdexter@sua.com

Positions Wantetd GARY MORRISON – Seeking a Trainee position for in plant hours to obtain license, completed wastewater course, has automotive experience. Prefers the Boca Raton to Miami area. Contact at 6261 SW 24th Place, Apt. 104, Davie, Fl. 33314. 954-444-8370

Utilities Storm Water Supervisor $53,039-$74,630/yr. Plans/directs the maintenance, construction, repair/tracking of stormwater infrastructure. AS in Management, Environmental studies, or related req. Min. five years’ exp. in stormwater operations or systems. FWPCOA “A” Cert. preferred.

Utilities Treatment Plant Operator I $41,138-$57,885/yr plus $50/biweekly for “B” lic.; 100/biweekly for “A” lic. Class “C” FL DW Operator Lic. & membrane experience required.

PHILIP LEON – Holds a Florida Dual license, B Water and C Wastewater with 14 years experience. Prefers the Treasure Coast to Keys area and will consider relocation to other areas as well as overseas employment. Contact at 772-485-2775 RANDALL HOLE – Holds a Florida Double C license with strong maintenance experience. Prefers the Bradenton area within 50 miles.

Contact at 2117 4th St. E, Bradenton, Fl. 34208. 941-747-9886

Water Plant Mechanic $43,195 - $60,779/yr. Performs inspections and maintenance of water/reuse facilities, pumping stations, well fields/equipment. Strong mechanical background with electrical knowledge of equipment installation and repair.

Apply: 100 W. Atlantic Blvd., Pompano Beach, FL 33060. Open until filled. E/O/E. http://pompanobeachfl.gov for details.

Looking For a Job? The FWPCOA Job Placement Committee Can Help!

Contact Joan E. Stokes at 407-293-9465 or fax 407-293-9943 for more information.

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

65

Certification Boulevard Answer Key

Display Advertiser Index American Ductile ................................44 Auto-Meg ............................................51 CEU Challenge ....................................41 Crom....................................................17 Data Flow ............................................35 FSAWWA Conference ....................24-31 FWPCOA Online Training ....................23 FWPCOA Training ................................43 FWRC Call 4 Papers ............................57 Garney .................................................5 Gerber E.C. ..........................................55 GML Coating ....................................6,58 HDR........................................................9 Hudson Pump......................................39 Hydro International ..............................66 PCL ......................................................58 Quality Control ....................................56 Rangeline ............................................67 Reiss Engineering..................................7 Stacon ...................................................2 TREEO ................................................50 US Water .............................................59 Wade Trim............................................54 Xylem...................................................68

66

From page 60 1. D) 460 The weight of one volume of liquid chlorine equals the weight of 456.5 volumes of chlorine gas. Under atmospheric temperature and pressure, liquid chlorine evaporates quickly, with one lb of liquid forming about 5.4 cubic ft of chlorine gas.

2. B) 1,118 lbs/day Supply - Demand = Residual • Supply is given at 1,400 lbs/day • Residual = 13.5 mgd x 2.5 mg/L x 8.34 lbs/gal = 281.47 lbs/day • 1,400 lbs/day - 281.47 lbs/day = 1,118.5 lbs/day

3. C) Ammonia To check for chlorine leaks, use ammonium hydroxide, which gives off chemical amplification. This results in a white color, which has greater visibility.

4. A) Breakpoint When sufficient chlorine dosages are applied to waters containing ammonia and ammonia compounds, reactions will occur resulting in the destruction of the ammonia and the formation of free chlorine residual, which is known as breakpoint chlorination.

5. D) 118,750 gal • DT @ ADF = 5.7 mgd x 92.84 cfm/mgd x 30 min = 15,875 cu.ft. x 7.48 gal/cu.ft. = 118,750 gal • DT @ Peak = 9.9 mgd x 92.84 cfm/mgd x 15 min = 13,787 cu.ft. x 7.48 gal/cu.ft. = 103,125 gal

August 2014 • Florida Water Resources Journal

• ADF using 103,125 gal would only be 26 min DT • Answer is 118,750 gal volume to meet both flow/time requirements Notes: 1) DT = detention time; 2) ADF = average daily flow

6. B) Contact chamber detention time 1,000,000 gal ÷ 7.48 gal per cu ft ÷ 1,440 min per day = 92.84 cfm per mgd

7. True Dechlorination is the process of removing residual chlorine from disinfected wastewater prior to discharge into the environment. Sulfur dioxide is most commonly used for dechlorination.

8. True Liquid chlorine trapped in piping between two closed valves, or in the body cavity of a closed valve, can cause destructive pressures, unless the design includes features to prevent it.

9. False Chlorine gas is 2.5 times heavier than air and will tend to collect near the floor of a space.

10. Match the following emergency repair kits to their respective containers: Kit A

Tank cars and trucks

Kit B

150-lb cylinders

Kit C

Ton containers

70- Wade trim 71- Stantec FWEA 1/4 page 72 - Move directories C- factor start on 70 & jump ad log arcadis and ISA

Florida Water Resources Journal • August 2014

67