World poetry collective ebook

A collection of biographies by students from Romania, Greece, France, Korea, Spain, Morocco

Creative Writing Around The World, School-year 2018/2019

Biography written by Cristina Funes Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri PHOTO https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri#/media/File:Nestor_Heck_-_Vasile_Alecsandri.jpg

VASILE ALECCSANDRI

Vasile was born in Moldavia in1821. He was a poet, playwright, politician and diplomat.

His family was of small land owners. His parents had seven children but only 3 lived.

The family prospered in the business of salt and cereals trade.

He arrived in Paris in 1834, and studied chemistry, medicine, and law. But soon, he left everything for what he called the "passion of my life," literature.

He wrote his first literary essays in 1838 in French.

He collected Romanian folklore and published two books that made him very popular.

He wrote a volume of original poetry, "Doine și Lăcrămioare" He also contributed to " România Literară", the first literary magazine in Romanian language.

In 1840 he was appointed director of the National Theater in Iaşi.

He died in 1890 due to a cancer

Biography Research (Sources) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mutanabbi https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Mutanabbi http://www.princeton.edu/~arabic/poetry/al_mu_to_sayf.html

Poet’s name:

Al-Mutanabbi ‫ﻟﻣرﺳﺎل‬ Photo / portrait

Life and Interesting facts: -Date and place of birth: 915 Kufa,Abbasid Caliphate (Now Najaf, Iraq) - Al-Mutanabbi was the son of a water carrier who claimed noble and ancient descent from the Kindah tribe.

Owing to his poetic talent, and claiming predecession of prophet Saleh, al-Mutanabbi received an education in Damascus, Syria.

When Shi'ite Qarmatians sacked Kufah in 924, he joined them and lived among the Bedouin, learning their doctrines and dialect.

End of life: -

23 September 965 (age of 50)

-

Al-Mutanabbi was killed ( because one of his poems contained a great insult to a man called "Ḍabbah al-Asadī". Dabbah, along with his uncle Fāṫik al-Asadī (Arabic: ‫)ﻓﺎﺗك اﻷﺳدي‬, managed to intercept al-Mutanabbi, his son Muḥassad (Arabic: ‫)ﻣﺣﺳّد‬, and his servant near Baghdad

-

Burial Place: Numaniyah,Abbasid Caliphate

Claiming to be a Nabi (Arabic: ‫ﻧَـﺑِﻲ‬, Prophet) — hence the name Al-Mutanabbi ("The Would-be Prophet") — he led a Qarmatian revolt in Syria in 932.

After its suppression and two years of imprisonment, he recanted in 935 and became a wandering poet.

It is during this period that he began to write his first known poems.

Al-Mutanabbi had great political ambitions to be a Wali.

To fulfill his ambitions he joined the courts of Sayf al-Dawla and Abu al-Misk Kafur but his ambitions failed.

Al-Mutanabbi joined the court of Abu al-Misk Kafur after parting ways with Saif al Dawla, but Kafur dismissed Al-Mutanabbi's intentions claiming them to be a threat to his position. Al-Mutanabbi realized that his hopes of becoming a statesman were not going to be materialized and he left Egypt in c. 960. After he left, he heavily criticized Abu al-Misk Kafur with satirical odes.

Works Al-Mutanabbi (915 – 965) was an Arab poet. He is considered as one of the greatest poets in the Arabic language. He is considered one of the greatest, most prominent and most influential poets in the Arabic language, and much of his work has been translated into over 20 languages worldwide. Much of his poetry revolves around praising the kings he visited during his lifetime. Some consider his 326 poems to be a great representation of his life story. He started writing poetry when he was nine years old. He is well known for his sharp intelligence and wittiness. Al-Mutanabbi had a great pride in himself through his poetry. Among the topics he discussed were courage, the philosophy of life, and the description of battles. Many of his poems were and still are widely spread in today's Arab world and are considered to be proverbial.

The Lion poem When the lion bares his teeth, do not fancy that the lion shows to you a smile.

I have slain the man that sought my heart’s blood many a time, Riding a noble mare whose back none else may climb, Whose hind and fore-legs seem in galloping as one, Nor hand nor foot requireth she to urge her on.

And O the days when I have swung my fine-edged glaive Amidst a sea of death where wave was dashed on wave!

The desert knows me well, the night, the mounted men The battle and the sword, the paper and the pen

‫ث ﺑﺎرِ زَ ًة ﻓَﻼ َﺗ ُظﻧّنّ أنّ اﻟ ّﻠﯾْثَ َﯾ ْﺑﺗَﺳِ ُم‬ ِ ‫إذا رَ أﯾْتَ ُﻧﯾُوبَ اﻟ ّﻠ ْﯾ‬ ‫َو ُﻣﮭْﺟَ ٍﺔ ُﻣﮭْﺟَ ﺗﻲ ﻣن َھ ّم ﺻَ ﺎﺣِﺑﮭﺎ أدرَ ﻛْ ُﺗﮭَﺎ ﺑﺟَ َوا ٍد ظَ ْﮭرُه ﺣَ رَ ُم‬ ‫ﻛض رِ ﺟل ٌ َواﻟﯾدا ِن َﯾ ٌد َوﻓِﻌْ ﻠُ ُﮫ ﻣَﺎ ﺗُرﯾ ُد اﻟﻛَفﱡ َواﻟﻘَدَ ُم‬ ِ ّ‫رِ ﺟﻼهُ ﻓﻲ اﻟر‬ ‫ت َﯾ ْﻠﺗَطِ ُم‬ ِ ‫ج اﻟﻣ َْو‬ ُ ‫ف ﺳرْ تُ ﺑﯾنَ اﻟﺟَ ﺣْ َﻔﻠَﯾ ِن ﺑ ِﮫ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺿرَ ﺑْتُ َوﻣ َْو‬ ٍ ‫َوﻣُرْ َھ‬ ‫اﻟﺧَ ْﯾل ُ َواﻟ ّﻠ ْﯾل ُ َواﻟ َﺑﯾْدا ُء ﺗَﻌرِ ﻓُﻧﻲ َواﻟﺳّ ﯾفُ َواﻟرّ ﻣ ُﺢ واﻟﻘرْ طﺎسُ َواﻟ َﻘ َﻠ ُم‬

Badr Chakir Assayab (Morocco) Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb (1926–1964) is the unrivalled champion of the Arab Free Verse movement. One of the most wellknown poets of the twentieth century, he revolutionized modern Arab poetry with his experiments in form, language, and content. Sayyāb introduced political commitment (iltizām) as concept into his poetry, interweaving it with myths of martyrdom and self-sacrifice in search for a better society.

Coupling political commitment with a new form, radically breaking with the traditional classical forms and tropes, Sayyāb succeeded in liberating Arab poetry from the restraints and restrictions of its literary conventions. Even though later on it turned out that Sayyāb’s Weltanschauung had been too naïve, he is the undisputed master of a new lyrical diction and sensitivity that paved the way for the following generations.

Song of the Rain Your eyes are two palm tree forests in early light, Or two balconies from which the moonlight recedes When they smile, your eyes, the vines put forth their eaves, And lights dance .. like moons in a river Rippled by the blade of an oar at break of day; As if stars were throbbing in the depths of them . . .

Evening yawned, from low clouds Heavy tears are streaming still.

It is as if a child before sleep were rambling on About his mother (a year ago he went to wake her, did not find her; Then when he kept on asking, he was told: "After tomorrow, she’ll come back again" And they drown in a mist of sorrow translucent That she must come back again, Like the sea stroked by the hand of nightfall; The warmth of winter is in it, and the shudder of autumn, Yet his playmates whisper that she is there And death and birth, darkness and light; In the hillside, sleeping her death for ever, A sobbing flares up to tremble in my soul Eating the earth around her, drinking the rain; And a savage elation embracing the sky, As if a forlorn fisherman gathering nets Frenzy of a child frightened by the moon.

Cursed the waters and fate It is as if archways of mist drank the clouds And scattered a song at moonset, And drop by drop dissolved in the rain …

Drip, drop, the rain As if children snickered in the vineyard bowers, The song of the rain rippled the silence of birds in the trees Drip, drop, the rain Rain song Drop, Do you know what sorrow the rain can inspire?

Drop, And how gutters weep when it pours down?

Drop, Do you know how lost a solitary person feels in the rain?

Endless,- like spilt blood, like hungry people, like love, like children, like the dead,Endless the rain.

Your two eyes take me wandering with the rain, Lightning’s from across the Gulf sweep The shores of Iraq With stars and shells, As if a dawn were about to break from them But night pulls over them a coverlet of blood.

Song of the Rain I cry out to the Gulf: "O Gulf, Giver of pearls, shells and death!"

And the echo replies, as if lamenting: "O Gulf: Giver of shells and death".

I can almost hear Iraq husbanding the thunder, Storing lightning in the mountains and plains, So that if the seal were broken by men The winds would leave in the valley not a trace of Thamud.

I can almost hear the palmtrees drinking the rain, Hear the villages moaning and emigrants With oar and sail fighting The Gulf winds of storm and thunder, singing Rain.. rain..rain (Drip, drop, the rain) And there is hunger in Iraq, The harvest time scatters the grain in-it, That crows and locusts may gobble their fill, Granaries and stones grind on and on, Mills turn in the fields, with humans turning Drip, drop, the rain Drip, Drop, Drop

How many tears we shed when came the night for leaving We made the rain an excuse, not wishing to be blamed Drip, drop, the rain Drip, drop, the rain Since we had been children, the sky Would be clouded in wintertime, And down would pour the rain, And every year when earth turned green the hunger struck us.

Not a year has passed without hunger in Iraq.

Rain Drip, drop, the rain Drip, drop In every drop of rain A red or yellow color buds from the seeds of flowers.

Every tear wept by the hungry and naked people And every spilt drop of slaves’ blood Is a smile aimed at a new dawn, A nipple turning rosy in an infant’s lips In the young world of tomorrow, bringer of life.

Drip.....

Drop..... (the rain . . .In the rain) Iraq will blossom one day

Song of the Rain I cry out to the Gulf: "O Gulf: Giver of pearls, shells and death!"

The echo replies as if lamenting: ’O Gulf: Giver of shells and death."

And across the sands from among its lavish gifts The Gulf scatters fuming froth and shells And the skeletons of miserable drowned emigrants Who drank death forever From the depths of the Gulf, from the ground of its silence, And in Iraq a thousand serpents drink the nectar From a flower the Euphrates has nourished with dew.

I hear the echo Ringing in the Gulf: Rain . . .

Drip, drop, the rain . . .

Drip, drop.

In every drop of rain A red or yellow color buds from the seeds of flowers.

Every tear wept by the hungry and naked people And every spilt drop of slaves’ blood Is a smile aimed at a new dawn, A nipple turning rosy in an infant’s lips In the young world of tomorrow, bringer of life.

And still the rain pours down.

Biography research Resources: www.wikipedia.org / www. Poetryfoundation.org

Apollinaire guillaume

Early life *Wilhelm Albert WĹ‚odzimierz Apolinary Kostrowicki was born in Rome, Italy, on 26 August 1880. * By the age of eighteen Apollinaire had finished school and settled in Paris. * Apollinaire worked as a bank clerk. .

Family life *. His mother, born Angelika Kostrowicka, was a Polish noblewoman born near Navahrudak, * Apollinaire's father is unknown but may have been Francesco Costantino Camillo Flugi d'Aspermont. * In 1914 he joined the French army, volunteering to defend his adopted country in World War I

Facts * Apollinaire first used the term Surrealism concerning the ballet Parade in 1917. * The term Orphism was coined by Apollinaire at the Salon de la Section d'Or in 1912 * On 7 September 1911, police arrested and jailed him on suspicion of aiding and abetting the theft of the Mona Lisa and a number of Egyptian statuettes, but released him a week later. * Guillaume Apollinaire was a French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and art critic

End of life * Apollinaire guillaume died on 9 November 1918 (aged 38) Paris, France. * Apollinaire, weakened by the wound from which he never fully recovered, died of influenza.

Works *In 1900 he wrote his first novel Mirely, ou le petit trou pas cher. * Apollinaire's first collection of poetry was L'enchanteur pourrissant (1909) * In 1907 Apollinaire published the well-known erotic novel, The Eleven Thousand Rods * Apollinaire wrote the preface for the first Cubist exposition outside of Paris; VIII Salon des IndĂŠpendants, Brussels, 1911

The Mirabeau Bridge (Alcools: Le Pont Mirabeau) Under the Mirabeau flows the Seine And our amours Shall I remember it again Joy always followed after Pain Comes the night sounds the hour The days go by I endure Hand in hand rest face to face While underneath The bridge of our arms there races So weary a wave of eternal gazes Comes the night sounds the hour The days go by I endure Love vanishes like the water’s flow Love vanishes How life is slow And how Hope lives blow by blow Comes the night sounds the hour The days go by I endure Let the hour pass the day the same Time past returns Nor love again Under the Mirabeau flows the Seine Comes the night sounds the hour The days go by I endure

Gustavo Adolfo Claudio Domínguez Bastida, better known as Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (February 17, 1836, Seville – December 22, 1870, Madrid) was a Spanish Romanticist poet and writer (mostly short stories), also a playwright, literary columnist, and talented in drawing. Today he is considered one of the most important figures in Spanish literature, and is considered by some as the most read writer after Cervantes. He adopted the alias of Bécquer as his brother Valeriano Bécquer, a painter, had done earlier.

He was associated with the romanticism and post-romanticism movements and wrote while realism was enjoying success in Spain. He was moderately well known during his life, but it was after his death that most of his works were published. His best known works are the Rhymes and the Legends, usually published together as Rimas y leyendas. These poems and tales are essential to the study of Spanish literature and common reading for high-school students in Spanish-speaking countries.

Eternal Love The face of the sun may darken forever; The oceans may run dry in an instant; The axis spinning our planet may shatter; Like a brittle crystal.

Yes, all of that may happen! At the end, Death May cover my flesh with his funeral shroud; But none of it will reach within my soul and extinguish The bright flame of your love.

Biography written by: Alexandros 4th Junior High School of Petroupoli

Biography Research Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Blandiana https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ana-Blandiana http://www.orizzonticulturali.it/it_poesia_Ana-Blandiana.html

Poet’s name: (Romania) GAME

Ana Blandiana (Otilia Valeria Coman) Life: Ana Blandiana was born on 25 March 1942, in Timişoara.

She is a Romanian poet, essayist, and political figure. She is considered one of the leading contemporary Romanian authors. She took her name after Blandiana, near Vințu de Jos, Alba County, her mother's home village.

Family: Coman's parents were Gheorghe (1915-1964), a priest who spent years in Communist prisons and died in an accident weeks after his release in a general amnesty, and Otilia (Diacu), an accountant. Her sister Geta was born in 1947. In 1960 she married the writer Romulus Rusan.

Blandiana graduated in philology from the University of Cluj (1967). She edited poetry journals and, from 1975, was librarian at the Institute of Fine Arts, Bucharest. A freelance writer and poet, she was a columnist for the literary journals Contemporanul (1968–73) and România literǎ. Because of her dissident poetry, her work was banned from all Romanian publications in the mid-1980s. Blandiana participated in the successful December 1989 uprising against Nicolae Ceaușescu’s regime. Elected to the newly organized Council of the National Salvation Front, she resigned after it was found to be neocommunist in philosophy.

Blandiana was awarded the Légion d’Honneur (2009), and the US State Department distinguished her with the Romanian Women of Courage Award (2014). She won the European Poet of Freedom Prize (Gdansk, 2016) for My Native Land A4 (2010) In October 2017, she was announced as The Griffin Trust For Excellence In Poetry's twelfth recipient of their Lifetime Recognition Award.

Works Blandiana’s admired first collection, Persoana ǐntǐia plural (1964; “First-Person Plural”), deals joyfully with subjective emotion. Her poetic concerns ranged from the existential, spiritual, and sensual to sociophilosophical comments on women’s issues. Through metaphoric use of nature and the seasons, she sought a spiritual connection to the natural world’s life cycles in such collections as A treia tainǎ (1969; “The Third Sacrament”) and Somnul din somn (1977; “The Sleep Within the Sleep”).

Her poetry from the 1980s is more sombre and less optimistic, as in the collection Stea de pradǎ(1985; “Star of Prey”). The Hour of Sand: Selected Poems 1969–1989 was published in 1990.

In addition to the poetry for which she is best known, she published several novels and volumes of political and social criticism.

Clepsidră

Hourglass

Mă uit la clepsidra

I contemplate the hourglass

În care nisipul

Where a grain of sand

A rămas suspendat

Got stuck

Refuzând să mai curgă.

And refuses to fall.

E ca într-un vis:

It’s like a dream:

Nimic nu se mişcă.

Nothing moves.

Mă uit în oglindă:

I contemplate the mirror:

Nimic nu se schimbă.

Nothing changes.

Visul opririi

A dream of stopping

Din drumul spre moarte

On the road towards death

Seamănă morţii.

Is the same as being dead

from her book “My native land in A4” for which She won the European Poet of Freedom Prize (Gdansk, 2016) published in English by Bloodaxe.

Gwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks (June 7, 1917 – December 3, 2000) was an American poet, author, and teacher. Her work often dealt with the personal celebrations and struggles of ordinary people in her community. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry on May 1, 1950, for Annie Allen, making her the first African American to receive the Pulitzer.

Throughout her prolific writing career, Brooks received many more honors. She was appointed Poet Laureate of Illinois in 1968, a position she held until her death, and what is now the Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress for the 1985–86 term. In 1976, she became the first African-American woman inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

Brooks was born in Topeka, Kansas and at six-weeks-old was taken to Chicago, where she lived the rest of her life.

Her parents, especially her mother encouraged her poetry writing. She began submitting poems to various publications, as a teenager. After graduating high school during the Great Depression, she took a two-year junior college program, worked as a typist, married, and had children. Continuing to write and submit her work, she finally found substantial outlets for her poetry.

To be in Love To be in love / Is to touch with a lighter hand.

In yourself you stretch, you are well.

You look at things / Through his eyes.

A cardinal is red. /A sky is blue.

Suddenly you know he knows too.

He is not there but /You know you are tasting together The winter, or a light spring weather.

His hand to take your hand is overmuch.

Too much to bear.

You cannot look in his eyes /Because your pulse must not say What must not be said.

When he /Shuts a doorIs not there_ Your arms are water. /And you are free With a ghastly freedom.

You are the beautiful half /Of a golden hurt.

You remember and covet his mouth To touch, to whisper on.

Oh when to declare /Is certain Death!

Oh when to apprize /Is to mesmerize, To see fall down, the Column of Gold, /Into the commonest ash.

Biography written by Salvador Calleja Sources : https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantino_Cavafis#/media/File:Konstantinos_Kavafis.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_P._Cavafy

CONSTANTINE P. CAVAFY Cavafy was born in 1863 in Alexandria, Egypt, to Greek parents.

His father was a prosperous importer-exporter who had lived in England in earlier years and acquired British nationality.

After his father died in 1870, Cavafy and his family settled for a while in Liverpool.

In 1876, his family faced financial problems and in 1882, disturbances in Alexandria caused the family to move again.

Cavafy wrote 154 poems, while dozens more remained incomplete or in sketch form.

He is considered the most important Greek poet of the last 2000 years.

There are mythological references in his work.

THEMES: Uncertainty about the future, sensual pleasures, the moral character and psychology of individuals, homosexuality, and a fatalistic existential nostalgia During his lifetime, he refused to formally publish his work so he shared it through local newspapers and magazines, or he printed it out himself and gave it away to anyone interested.

Ithaka is his most famous poem

He died of cancer of the larynx in 1933, his 70th birthday.

Since his death, Cavafy's reputation has grown. His poetry is taught in school in Greece and Cyprus, and in universities around the world.

Biography written by Aya Zerhouni & Ainhoa Valero Sources : PHOTO FROM https://www.timesofisrael.com/broadcast-on-palestinian-poet-darwish-puts-army-radio-in-crosshairs/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Darwish

MAHMUD DARWISH He was born in Al-Birwa, British Mandate of Palestine, 1941. He was a Palestinian poet and author who was regarded as the Palestinian national poet.

Darwish left Israel in 1970 to study in the Soviet Union, then he moved to Egypt and Lebanon.

He joined the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) in 1973, he was banned from reentering Israel.

After Israeli forces assaulted his village of al-Birwa in June, 1948, the family fled to Lebanon

Over his lifetime, Darwish published more than 30 volumes of poetry and eight books of prose His most popular books are: Journal of an Ordinary Grief If I Were Another: Poems Mural Music of Human Flesh

Many of Darwish's poems were made into songs: "Rita and the Rifle," "I lost a beautiful dream In 2008 Darwish starred in a film narrating his poem "A Soldier Dreams of White Lilies" He was a political activist.

He died in August 2008 (aged 66) in Houston, Texas, United States.

Biography written by: Ioanna 4th Junior High School of Petroupoli

Biography Research Sources https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Dickinson https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/emily-dickinson

Poet’s name:(USA)

GAME

Emily Dickinson Photo / portrait

Early Life: -She

was born on December 10, 1830, in Amherst, Massachusetts, US - She is the the middle child of Edward and Emily Norcross Dickinson. Her family was prominent but not really rich. They were among the founders of Amherst College and her father and her brother were lawyers and also involved in politics.

- Her childhood and youth were filled with schooling, reading, explorations of nature, religious activities, significant friendships and several key encounters with poetry.

End of life: - She died on May 15, 1886

- The poet’s death came after two and a half years of ill health.

-She was buried in Amherst, Massachusetts, US.

Family Life Emily Dickinson was never married.Throughout her life, she seldom left her home and visitors were few. The people with whom she did come in contact, however, had an enormous impact on her poetry. She was particularly stirred by the Reverend Charles Wadsworth, whom she first met on a trip to Philadelphia. He left for the West Coast shortly after a visit to her home in 1860, and some critics believe his departure gave rise to the heartsick flow of verse from Dickinson in the years that followed. While it is certain that he was an important figure in her life, it is not clear that their relationship was romantic—she called him “my closest earthly friend.” Other possibilities for the unrequited love that was the subject of many of Dickinson’s poems include Otis P. Lord, a Massachusetts Supreme Court judge, and Samuel Bowles, editor of the Springfield Republica.

By the 1860s, Dickinson lived in almost complete isolation from the outside world, but actively maintained many correspondences and read widely. She spent a great deal of this time with her family. Her brother, Austin, who attended law school and became an attorney, lived next door with his wife, Susan Gilbert. Dickinson’s younger sister, Lavinia, also lived at home for her entire life in similar isolation. Lavinia and Austin were not only family, but intellectual companions for Dickinson during her lifetime.

Works Dickinson’s poetry was heavily influenced by the Metaphysical poets of seventeenth-century England, as well as her reading of the Book of Revelation and her upbringing in a Puritan New England town, which encouraged a Calvinist, orthodox, and conservative approach to Christianity.

While Dickinson was extremely prolific as a poet and regularly enclosed poems in letters to friends, she was not publicly recognized during her lifetime. The first volume of her work was published posthumously in 1890 (she died in Amherst in 1886).

Upon her death, Dickinson’s family discovered forty handbound volumes of nearly 1,800 poems, or “fascicles” as they are sometimes called. Dickinson assembled these booklets by folding and sewing five or six sheets of stationery paper and copying what seem to be final versions of poems. The handwritten poems show a variety of dash-like marks of various sizes and directions (some are even vertical). The original order of the poems was not restored until 1981. Since then, many critics have argued that there is a thematic unity in these small collections, rather than their order being simply chronological or convenient. The Manuscript Books of Emily Dickinson (Belknap Press, 1981) is the only volume that keeps the order intact.

Because I could not stop for Death (479) Because I could not stop for Death – He kindly stopped for me – The Carriage held but just Ourselves – And Immortality.

We slowly drove – He knew no haste And I had put away My labor and my leisure too, For His Civility – We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess – in the Ring – We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain – We passed the Setting Sun – Or rather – He passed us – The Dews drew quivering and chill – For only Gossamer, my Gown – My Tippet – only Tulle – We paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground – The Roof was scarcely visible – The Cornice – in the Ground – Since then – ‘tis Centuries – and yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses’ Heads Were toward Eternity –

Biography written by Neagu Diana Colegiul National Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Galati, Romania

Biography Research of Thomas Stearns Eliot Sources :https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.S._Eliot

Early Life: First, he had to overcome physical limitations as a child. Struggling from a congenital double inguinal hernia, he could not participate in many physical activities and thus was prevented from socializing with his peers. As he was often isolated, his love for literature developed. Once he learned to read, the young boy immediately became obsessed with books and was absorbed in tales depicting savages.

Family Life: His parents were both 44 years old when he was born. Eliot was born at a property owned by his grandfather, William Greenleaf Eliot. His four sisters were between 11 and 19 years older; his brother was eight years older.

Known to family and friends as Tom, he was the namesake of his maternal grandfather, Thomas Stearns.

Works After working as a philosophy assistant at Harvard from 1909 to 1910, Eliot moved to Paris where, from 1910 to 1911, he studied philosophy at the Sorbonne. A connection through Aiken resulted in an arranged meeting and on 22 September 1914, Eliot paid a visit to Pound's flat. Pound instantly deemed Eliot "worth watching" and was crucial to Eliot's beginning career as a poet, as he is credited with promoting Eliot through social events and literary gatherings.

He was instead spending long periods of time in London, in the company of Ezra Pound and "some of the modern artists whom the war has so far spared... It was Pound who helped most, introducing him everywhere."[22] In the end, Eliot did not settle at Merton and left after a year. In 1915 he taught English at Birkbeck, University of London.

3 Interesting Facts:1.Throughout his life, Eliot supported himself by working as a teacher, banker, and editor, writing poetry only in his spare time. 2. He may have been the first person to write the word "bulls**t".

3. He held some troubling beliefs about religion.

End of life:Eliot died of emphysema at his home in Kensington in London, on 4 January 1965, and was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium.

The Hollow Men by T.S. Eliot Mistah Kurtz - he dead.

A penny for the Old Guy

I We are the hollow men We are the stuffed men Leaning together Headpiece filled with straw. Alas!

Our dried voices, when We whisper together Are quiet and meaningless As wind in dry grass or rats' feet over broken glass In our dry cellar Shape without form, shade without colour, Paralysed force, gesture without motion; Those who have crossed With direct eyes, to death's other kingdom Remember us - if at all - not as lost Violent souls, but only As the hollow men The stuffed men.

II Eyes I dare not meet in dreams In death's dream kingdom These do not appear: There, the eyes are Sunlight on a broken column There, is a tree swinging And voices are In the wind's singing More distant and more solemn Than a fading star.

Let me be no nearer In death's dream kingdom Let me also wear Such deliberate disguises Rat's coat, crowskin, crossed staves In a field Behaving as the wind behaves No nearer -

Not that final meeting In the twilight kingdom

III This is the dead land This is cactus land Here the stone images Are raised, here they receive The supplication of a dead man's hand Under the twinkle of a fading star.

Is it like this In death's other kingdom Waking alone

At the hour when we are Trembling with tenderness Lips that would kiss Form prayers to broken stone.

IV The eyes are not here There are no eyes here In this valley of dying stars In this hollow valley This broken jaw of our lost kingdoms In this last of meeting places We grope together And avoid speech Gathered on this beach of this tumid river Sightless, unless The eyes reappear As the perpetual star Multifoliate rose

Of death's twilight kingdom The hope only Of empty men.

V Here we go round the prickly pear Prickly pear prickly pear Here we go round the prickly pear At five o'clock in the morning.

Between the idea And the reality Between the motion And the act Falls the Shadow

For Thine is the Kingdom Between the conception And the creation Between the emotion And the response Falls the Shadow Life is very long Between the desire And the spasm Between the potency And the existence Between the essence And the descent Falls the Shadow For Thine is the Kingdom For Thine is Life is For Thine is the This is the way the world ends This is the way the world ends This is the way the world ends Not with a bang but with a whimper.

Paul Eluard (France) Paul Éluard (14 December 1895 – 18 November 1952), was a French poet and one of the founders of the surrealist movement. Eluard was born to a lower-middle-class family in Saint Denis, Paris. His father was a bookkeeper, his mother, helped out with the household income by making dresses. At the age of 16 Paul was sent to a Swiss sanatorium for tuberculosis, during this time he became highly interested in poetry. Upon his return to France he joined the army and was injured from exposure to toxic gas. After his war experience, in 1917, he released what is considered to be his first noteworthy poetry volume. Eluard was briefly involved with the Dada Movement, meeting Tristan Tzara, Andre Breton, and other member of surrealist and Dadaist circles. Like Breton, Aragon, Peret, Soupault and other intellectuals. His reputation as a poet was established with the publication of "Capitale de la Doluer ' in 1926. In 1924 Paul's whereabouts vanished from public knowledge. Rumors that he had died, spread around and became truth, until after seven months he returned. Eluard told the people that he had journeyed from Marseilles to Tahiti, Indonesia, and Ceylon. Later on it was discovered that it was connected with the loss of his wife Gala to the surrealist artist Salvador Dali. Eluard was active within the international communist movement in the cultural field. He traveled in Britain, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Mexico, and Russia, but not the United States; because he was refused a visa as he was a Communist. Paul's idealism, kindness and inability to see the reality of the Soviet Union led the poet to admire Stalin as a cultural force for good. According to Eluard, the mission of poetry was to renew language in order to effect radical changes in all areas of existence. He saw poetry as an action capable of arousing awareness in his readers, and identified with the leftist struggle for political, social and sexual liberation. During his lifetime Paul managed to publish over seventy books consisting of; poetry, literary, and political views. Eluard died in Charenton-le-Pont in 1952.

I Only Wish To Love You I only wish to love you A storm fills the valley A fish the river I have made you the size of my solitude The whole world to hide in Days and nights to understand To see no more in your eyes Than what I think of you And a world in your image And days and nights ruled by your eyelids.

Biography written by Baptiste and Celia.

Biography Research Sources : Wikipedia

Mihai Eminescu Early Life: He was born on 15 january 1850 of Botosani.

His father is Gheorghe Eminovici and his mother is Raluca ilurascu.

He goes to primary school and high school.

Family Life He married at Raluca ilurascu.

He did not have children.

Works The first poeme is glossa.

The most famous poem is doina.

He lived in bostani in the family home.

He was a secretary and copyst.

dhd Interesting Fact: He was an anctive member of literary society.

End of life: He died on 15 June 1889 of Bucarest.

He had the disease syphilis.

He is buried in the Bilu cemetery.

Biography written by Juliette

Biography Research Sources : www.jesuismort.com, www.eminescuipotesti.ro, www.autorii.com, Eminescu.over-blog.fr, ro.wikisource.org, www.wikidata.org, www.wikiwand.com, fr.wikipedia.org, www.linternaute.fr, www.wordreference.org, Google.

Mihai Eminescu Photo :

Family Life : - He wasn’t married and he didn’t have any children.

- Mihai lived his first years in Botosani andIpotești in Moldavia. At 17 years old, he moved in Bucarest.

- His principal jobs were: poet, philologist, writer, journalist and roumanian politic. He worked also as secretary, prompter, copyist, translator, listener,..

Early Life: He was born in Botosani, Principality of Moldavia, the 15th of January, 1850. He was the seventh of eleven children -His father called Gheorghe Eminovici d'Ipotești. He was from a poor family but he enriched.

Raluca Iurăscu,his mother, heir of an old aristocratic family of Moldavia was proud of her ancestors, her father was a «stolnic».

-From 1858 to 1866, he went to primary school. Then, he went at High School Imperial and Royal.

Biography written by Kloé and Emilie

Biography Research Sources : http://eminescu.over-blog.fr/article-35153010.html

Mihai Eminescu

Family Life His ex girlfriend is Veronica Micle.He settled in Ipoteşti, near the town of Botoşani. His work has influenced generations of local writers and earned him the label of the Romanian national poet.

End of life: He was born on January 15, 1850 and he died on June 15, 1889

Early Life: He attended Imperial and Royal High School, and is a colleague of Johann Menga. He has as a professor of Romanian literature Aron Pumnul, a figure of the revolutionary years of 1848. In 1867, at the age of 17, he joined Iorgu Caragiale's troupe as secretary and blower in Mihai Pascaly's troupe.

His father is Gheorghe Eminovicid'Ipoteşti, a village near Botoşani where he settles and marries Raluca Iurăscu, daughter of a stolnic.

He was born on January 15, 1850 in Botoşani Moldova.

3 Interesting Facts: On April 1, 1869, he co-founded the literary circle "Orient", whose objectives include the collection of documents related to Romanian literary history.

On February 25, his poem De-aş avea (Si je) is published in Bucharest in the literary magazine of Iosif Vulcan: Familia.

He is appointed secretary and copyist for the Bucharest National Theater. During this period, he continues to write and publish poems.

Works Hyperion is his most famous poem, Democracy is his oldest poem he was released on April 14, 2007.

C’est le poème le plus connu d’Eminescu que je livre ici, le classique des classiques des écoliers et étudiants roumains; suite à sa parution, une revue a même changé de nom pour prendre son titre. Une précision d’ailleurs pour qu’il n’y ait pas de malentendu : on trouve plus souvent cette œuvre sous la traduction d’Hypérion, le titre original étant Luceafarul.

Biography research Resources: www.wikipedia.org / www.goodreads.com

Karel Jaromir Erben

Early life Karel Jaromír Erben was born on November 7, 1811 in Miletín near Jičín, Austria. He went to college in Hradec Králové. Then, in 1831, he went to Prague where he studied philosophy and later law. He started working in the National Museum (Národní muzeum) with František Palacký in 1843. He became editor of a Prague's newspaper in 1848. Two years later, in 1850, he became archives' secretary of the National Museum.

Family life

Karel Erben married Barbora Mečířová in 1842 and they got divorced in 1857. Then he married Žofie Mastná in 1859–1870

Facts Karel Erben is considered an important poet of the Czech literary Romanticism in the mid-19th century.

End of life Karel Jaromír Erben died of tuberculosis on 21 November 1870 (aged 59) in Prague, Austria-Hungary. He was burried in Olšany Cemetery.

Works = Písně národní v Čechách (Folk Songs of Bohemia) (1842–1845); contains 500 songs = Kytice z pověstí národních (A Bouquet of Folk Legends) (1853, expanded edition 1861) (English edition, 2012) = Sto prostonárodních pohádek a pověstí slovanských v nářečích původních: čitanka slovanská s vysvětlením slov ("One Hundred Slavic Folk Tales and Legends in Original Dialects: a Slavic Reader with Vocabulary", 1865)[6] = Vybrané báje a pověsti národní jiných větví slovanských (Selection of Folk Tales and Legends from Other Slavic Branches) (1869) = Prostonárodní české písně a říkadla (Czech Folk Songs and Nursery Rhymes) (1864); 5-part collection of Czech folklore České pohádky (Czech Fairy Tales) One of the poems in the moust famous collection of Erben ( the bouquet )

W e d d i n g

S h i r t s

Eleven o’clock has come and gone, and still a lamp is shining on, and still a lamp is burning there, suspended over a kneeler.

On the wall of the lowly room, like a bud and a rose in bloom, was the holy family hung, the parents of God and their son.

Before the image of those three, a young girl prays on bended knee: her head is bowed her hands are crossed, her hands are crossed over her breast; tears are streaming from her eyes, her chest is heaving, then she sighs.

And when a hovering tear drops down, it falls upon her soft white gown.

“Oh dear God, where is my daddy?

Grass is growing on his body!

Oh dear God, where is my mother?

There she lies — next to my father!

Biography research Resources: www.wikipedia.org / www.poetryfoundation.org

/ www.biogtaphy.com

Robert Frost Early life

Family life

_Robert Frost was born March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California, to journalist William Prescott Frost, Jr., and Isabelle Moodie. His mother was a Scottish immigrant, and his father descended from Nicholas Frost of Tiverton, Devon, England, who had sailed to New Hampshire in 1634 on the Wolfrana. _attended Lawrence High School _ attended Dartmouth College for several months. _Frost attended Harvard University from 1897 to 1899, but he left voluntarily due to illness.

_ Robert Frost married Elinor Miriam White. They had had six children: son Elliot (1896–1900) Lesley Frost Ballantine (1899–1983) son Carol (1902–1940) Irma (1903–1967) Marjorie (1905–1934) Elinor Bettina (died 1907). _was an English teacher at New Hampshire's Pinkerton Academy, then at the New Hampshire Normal School. _ worked the farm he had purchased for nine years while writing early in the mornings. _Was a teacher at the Bread Loaf School of English of Middlebury College. _accepted a fellowship teaching post at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he resided until 1927 when he returned to teach at Amherst.

Facts _ He won four Pulitzer Prizes for (the book New Hampshire1924,, Collected Poems in 1931,A Further Range in 1937,and A Witness Tree in 1943) _ He never graduated from college, Frost received over 40 honorary degrees _ He was awarded a United States Congressional Gold Medal In 1960 "In recognition of his poetry, which has enriched the culture of the United States and the philosophy of the world. _ the Robert Frost Middle School in Fairfax, Virginia, the Robert L. Frost School in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and the main library of Amherst College were named after him. _ He was named poet laureate of Vermont in 1961. _ He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature 31 times.

End of life Frost died in Boston on January 29, 1963 of complications from prostate surgery. He was buried at the Old Bennington Cemetery in Bennington, Vermont.

Works His first poem, "My Butterfly. An Elegy" His first book of poetry, A Boy's Will, was published in 1913.

His most famous poem is the road not taken

Prepared by fatima

Biography written by: Savina and Valia 4th Junior High School of Petroupoli

Biography Research Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca https://www.classicspanishbooks.com/20th-cent-garcia-lorca.html https://compassioncamp.com/2018/03/07/to-find-a-kiss-of-yours-by-federico-garcia-lorca-translated-by-sarah-arvio/

Poet’s name:(Spain)

Federico Garcia Lorca GAME

Photo / portrait

Early Life: -date of birth: 5 June 1898 -place of birth: Fuente Vaqueros, Granada, Andalusia, Spain -parents/social background and his childhood: :His father, Federico García Rodríguez, was a prosperous landowner and his His mother, Vicenta Lorca Romero, was a teacher. From the age of 2 Garcia Lorca showed an ease for learning folkloric songs, and he used to represent miniature religious services. His health was frail and he didn't walk until he was 4. He read the works of Victor Hugo and Cervantes, but he wasn't a very good student.

From 1906 to 1909 the family lived in Almería. He finished his baccalaureate and dropped out of Law school in 1918 to move into the Residencia de Estudiantes de Madrid, where he stayed for ten years. After that, he moved back to Granada to finish his degree in Law, although he never practiced law, preferring literature. For the rest of his life, he maintained the importance of living close to the natural world, praising his upbringing in the country.

- studies: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (Universidad de Granada) and Columbia University School of General Studies

End of life: -Date and place of death: 19 August 1936 He was executed by Nationalist forces at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War because he was Republican and a homosexual which in that period was considered to be an unforgivable crime

- Burial place: Granada, Spain (buried in a mass grave)

Interesting Facts: -He was also a playwright and director films: Blood Wedding, Rukmavati Ki Haveli -He went to Madrid in 1919 where he met Salvador Dali who would later design the scenery for a production of Lorca's play Mariana Pineda (1927) - He had travelled to New York and to Argentina

Works Lorca's two most successful poetry collections were Canciones (Songs) and Romancero Gitano (The Gypsy Ballads). He was part of the Generation of '27. He's the most influential and popular poet on the spanish literature of the 20th century. As a play writer, he's considered to have written some of the best plays of the 20th century.

Ballad of the Moon, Moon The moon came to the forge wearing a bustle of Spikenards.

The boy is looking at her.

The boy is looking hard.

In the troubled air, the wind moves her arms, showing lewd and pure, her hard, tin breasts.

"Run, moon, moon, moon.

If the gypsies came, they would make of your heart necklaces and white rings."

"Child, let me dance.

When the gypsies come, they will find you on the anvil with your little eyes shut tight."

"Run, moon moon moon.

I can hear their horses.

Child, let me be, don't walk on my starchy white."

The rider was drawing closer playing the drum of the plain.

In the forge the child has his eyes shut tight.

Bronze and dream, the gypsies cross the olive grove.

Their heads held high, their eyes half open.

Ay how the nightjar sings!

How it sings in the tree!

The moon goes through the sky with a child in her hand.

In the forge the gypsies wept and cried aloud.

The air is watching, watching.

The air watched all night long. translated by Will Kirkland and Christopher Mauer

Romance de la Luna, Luna La luna vino a la fragua con su polisón de nardos.

El niño la mira mira.

El niño la está mirando.

En el aire conmovido mueve la luna sus brazos y enseña, lúbrica y pura, sus senos de duro estaño.

Huye luna, luna, luna.

Si vinieran los gitanos, harían con tu corazón collares y anillos blancos.

Niño, déjame que baile.

Cuando vengan los gitanos, te encontrarán sobre el yunque con los ojillos cerrados.

Huye luna, luna, luna, que ya siento sus caballos.

Níno, déjame, no pises mi blancor almidonado.

El jinete se acercaba tocando el tambor del llano Dentro de la fragua el niño, tiene los ojos cerrados.

Por el olivar venían, bronce y sueño, los gitanos.

Las cabezas levantadas y los ojos entornados.

¡Cómo canta la zumaya, ay cómo canta en el árbol!

Por el cielo va la luna con un niño de la mano.

Dentro de la fragua lloran, dando gritos, los gitanos.

El aire la vela, vela.

El aire la está velando.

To find a kiss of yours

To find a kiss of yours what would I give

Por encontrar un beso tuyo Por encontrar un beso tuyo, ¿qué daría yo? ¡Un beso errante de tu boca

A kiss that strayed from your lips muerta para el amor! dead to love Tierra de sombra My lips taste come mi boca. the dirt of shadows Por contemplar tus ojos negros, To gaze at your dark eyes ¿qué daría yo? what would I give Dawns of rainbow garnet

¡Auroras de carbunclos irisados

fanning open before God—

abiertas frente a Dios!

The stars blinded them

(Las estrellas los cegaron

one morning in May And to kiss your pure thighs what would I give Raw rose crystal

una mañana de mayo.)

Y por besar tus muslos castos, ¿qué daría yo?

(Cristal de rosa primitiva, sedimento de sol.)

sediment of the sun

Translation copyright © 2017 by Sarah Arvio. Original text copyright © The Estate of Federico García Lorca. From Poet in Spain (Knopf, 2017). Originally published in Poem-a-Day on July 25, 2017, by the Academy of American Poets.

Elegy -Miguel Hernandez-

Yo quiero ser llorando el hortelano de la tierra que ocupas y estercolas, compañero del alma, tan temprano.

Alimentando lluvias, caracolas y órganos mi dolor sin instrumento, a las desalentadas amapolas daré tu corazón por alimento.

Tanto dolor se agupa en mi costado que por doler me duele hasta el aliento.

I want to be the grieving gardener of the earth you fill and fertilize, my dearest friend, so soon.

With rain and snails my stifled sorrow nourishes the organs of your body and I would feed your heart the drooping poppies. Pain bunches up between my ribs till every breath I draw becomes an aching stitch.

—translation by Edwin Honig (from The Unending Lightning, 1990)

Biography written by: Nicula Justin Colegiul National Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Galati, Romania

Biography Research Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Hernandez https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/miguel-hernandez

Miguel Hernandez

Early Life: -Born: 30 October 1910 -Place of Birth: Orihuela,Spain -Received little formal education -Parents:Miguel Sanchez-Father,Conception GilabertMother

rtrait

Works

Family Life -First Job:Goatherd and farmhand Married:Josefina Manresa Children:Ramon Hernandez,Miguel Hernandez

3 Interesting Facts:

-Poetry: -Perito en lunas -El rayo que no cesa -Viento del pueblo -Drama: -Teatro en la Guerra -Pastor de la muerta -Hijos de la pierda

-Fought in the Spanish Civil War -Arrested for anti-fascist sympathies

End of life:

-Prominent figure In the generation

-Died of Tuberculossis

Of 36’

-Died in prison

Biography research Resources: www.wikipedia.org / www.classicspanishbooks.com / www.spanisharts.com

Hesiod

life Hesiod was a Greek poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC. his father came from Cyme in Aeolis (on the coast of Asia Minor, a little south of the island Lesbos) and crossed the sea to settle at a hamlet, near Thespiae in Boeotia, named Ascra

Facts

Works

Hesiod is generally regarded as the first written poet in the Western tradition to regard himself as an individual persona with an active role to play in his subject. Ancient authors credited Hesiod and Homer with establishing Greek religious customs Modern scholars refer to him as a major source on Greek mythology, farming techniques, early economic thought.

He is sometimes considered history's first economist, archaic Greek astronomy and ancient time-keeping Various legends accumulated about Hesiod

Three works have survived which are attributed to Hesiod by ancient commentators: Works and Days, Theogony, and Shield of Heracles. Other works attributed to him are only found now in fragments.

He viewed the world from outside the charmed circle of aristocratic rulers, protesting against their injustices in a tone of voice that has been described as having a "grumpy quality redeemed by a gaunt dignity

Hesiodic Works and Days Translated by Gregory Nagy 1

Muses of Pieria, you who make glory [kleos] with your songs,

2

come and tell of Zeus, making a song about your father,

3

on account of whom there are mortals both unworthy of talk and worthy,

4

both worth speaking of and not—all on account of great Zeus.

5Easily he gives power, and just as easily he ruins the powerful.

6

Easily he diminishes the distinguished, and magnifies the undistinguished.

7

Easily he makes straight the crooked and withers the overweening

8

—Zeus, the one who thunders on high, who lives in the highest abode.

Prepared by Yamna

Biography written by Poppy and Lola Biography Research Sources : https://www.biography.com/people/homer-9342775 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%A8re http://agora.qc.ca/thematiques/mort/dossiers/homere http://blog.univ-angers.fr/mythologiegrecque/2015/04/09/introduction-a-la-vie-dhomere/

Homer Early Life: He was born sometimes between the 12th and 8th centuries BC in Lonnie his parents were called Mélès, he was born in Izmir Turkey and his mother was born Créthéis.

Family Life It is not possible to supply a biography for Homer in the accepted sense of a life history.

Since he lived before cultures began recording history, there is no authentic record of who he was, when and where he was born, how long he lived, or even if he was actually responsible for the two epic poems for which he is known.

Read more: https://www.notablebiographie 3 Interesting s.com/He- Facts: -Homer was an ancient Greek poet credited Ho/Homer.html#ixzz5iE4OrcN G for writing Europe’s first known literature. Homer's poem Iliad tells the story of the Trojan War, including the battle of Troy. The name Homer sounds like Greek words meaning “hostage” or “blind”, which may have influenced the characterization of Homer as a former slave that became a blind bard.

Questions : Who is the hero in Homer's poem the Iliad?

Did homer have a wife?

What was Homers first poem?

Works The most famous poems he wrote were The Iliad and The Odyssey.

This is a famous quote from the Illiad : « Sing, Goddess, Achilles’ rage, Black and murderous, that cost the Greeks Incalculable pain, pitched countless souls Of heroes into Hades’ dark, And left their bodies to rot as feasts For dogs and birds, as Zeus’ will was done. »

End of life: Homer died in Ios, Grèce in -740 His tomb is also in Ios, Greece.

Biography written by Roberto García.

Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Hrub%C3%ADn https://books.google.es/books?id=p4w9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=Franti%C5%A1ek+Hrub%C3%ADn+%27s+work&source=bl&ots=jBPw_B 5ZWo&sig=ACfU3U2OZWHoGTlBlwAbNpSxGLuihhO-5Q&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjg5KzZjLvhAhXE2AKHVWXCIwQ6AEwCHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Franti%C5%A1ek%20Hrub%C3%ADn%20's%20work&f=false IMAGE FROM https://www.cbdb.cz/autor-527-frantisek-hrubin

FRANTIŠEK HRUBÍN Frantisek Hrubín was born into the family of a builder at Prague.

His family lived in Lešany near Prague during World War I, and Hrubín visited his home village throughout his life.

He studied at a grammar school in Prague studying law and philosophy at Charles University, but he did not graduate.

He got married in 1939 and had a daughter and a son.

After World War II he worked briefly at the Ministry of Propaganda and became a freelance writer in 1946.

Romance for Flugelhorn In 1961 , he published a poem in book form titled Romance for Flugelhorn. This poem eventually became his most popular work. It tells the story of a young boy who falls in love with a girl from a carousel. It is considered one of the most famous poems of the Czech literature.

He died in České Budějovice and is buried at the Vyšehrad cemetery.

Biography written by Gema Funes y Susana Mº Martín Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hugo#/media/File:Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hugo https://www.diarioinformacion.com/cultura/2018/02/26/victor-hugo-10-obras%20imprescindibles/1992658.html

VICTOR HUGO Born in 1802 in Besançon, Doubs, France, Hugo is considered to be one of the greatest and best-known French writers.

He was a poet, novelist and dramatist of the romantic movement. He also loved drawing – he had more than 4,000 drawings.

At the age of 15 , he participated for the first time in a poetry contest

His wife was Adèle Foucher and they had 5 children.

Léopoldine was his favourite daughter but she died tragically and his father learned about her death in the newspapers!

He began at a young age to cultivate a taste for letters. After winning several awards, at age 20, he publishes Odas and Various Poems, his first collection of poems.

In addition to the 13 plays, nine novels, 21 books of poetry and 14 essays, Victor Hugo also has a fruitful political career.

Some of his most important works are:

He has an avenue: He has streets named after him throughout France. In Paris, Avenue Victor Hugo is in the 16th arrondissement.

He has a famous statue on the island of Guernsey where he wrote Les Misérables in 1862.

Les Misérables (1862) Notre-Dame de Paris (1831) Cromwell (1827) L'Homme qui rit (1869) William Shakespeare (1864)

He died the 22 May 1885 (aged 83) in Paris, France. He died of pneumonia in his house.

Biography written by Célia.A and Manon.A ry

Biography Research

Sources : Wikipédia, bohemica karel hynek macha literature tchèque, karel hynek

macha radio prague Photo / portrait

Karel Hynek Màcha Early Life: He was born on November 16th 1810 in Prague. His father was native of the country side. hIs mother came from a family of musicians.

He studied at the school German and at a lawyer’s. After the baccalaureate he integrated a faculty of litterature for 1 year then he studied law until 1836.

Works Family Life He had 1 child with Eleonora.

He had to marry her but he died before marriage. He was a trainee lawyer, He lived in a tiny house located near the city center in Prague.

3 Interesting Facts: He travelled to Bohemia and in 1834 he crossed Austria to Venice and Trieste. He was one of the founders of modern Czech poetry. He influenced many other poets.

The first and famous poem is “maj” may.

In czech: Hrdliččin zval ku lásce hlas, Kde borový zaváněl háj.

O lásce šeptal tichý mech; Kvetoucí strom lhal lásky žel, Svou lásku slavík růži pěl, Růžinu jevil vonný vzdech.

In english: The turtle drew a voice to love, Where the pine grove the grove.

Silent moss whispered about love; The blossoming tree lied to love, The love of the nightingale rose, The rose seemed to be a fragrant sigh.

End of life: He died on 6th november in 1836 in Litomerice but in 1938 his body was transported to Prague. He died because he was trying to extinguish a fire and he succumbed to cholerin.

Biography written by yahve.z yahcveyahve.z AAAA

Biography Research

Sources : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_Hynek_M%C3%A1cha

https://www.google.com/search?q=trad&oq=trad&aqs=chrome.0.69i5

Karel hynek macha

Photo / portrait

Early Life: Karel Hynek Mácha was born on November 16, at prague. His father, a native of the countryside, was a miller boy, his mother was from a family of musicians. he studied at the German grammar school.

Family Life he Karel Hynek Mácha had a child Karel Hynek Mácha lives in Prague Karel Hynek Mácha was a poet and playwright

Works the first poem of May (Maj, 1836), Karel Hynek Mácha's most famous poem is Mai (Maj, 1836), link of the poem in Czech: https://www.radio.cz/fr/static/macha

3 Interesting Facts:his wife Marinka Sticova died very quicklyKarel hynek macha traveled in central Bohemia The ceremony of death of Karel hyneck Macha was the day planned for his marriage He was an admirer of the French Revolution

End of life:Death on November 5, 1836 (year 25) Litoměřice. Karel Hynek Máchaest died of Acute Pneumonia. he was buried at the Vysehrad Cemetery, Prague, Czech Republic

Biography written by Mathieu and Nassim

…000.

Biography Research Sources: Wikipedia (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imrou%27l_Qays) 008SH Photo / portrait

Imrou'l Qays Early Life: was born in the VI century in Nedjd (Saudi Arabia) Family :Hujr al-Kindi Fatimah bint Rabi'ah alTaghlibi Imro Qays was the son of the last King of the Kinda . He had to run away after exacting his revenge for his father’s death

Works Legend has it that Imru' al-Qais was the youngest of his father's

Interesting Facts: Imru' al-Qais travelled all over the Arabian peninsula on his exile .

He took refuge from different tribes, went to Constantinople and fell ill near Ankara.

Imro Qays loved Drinking and women.

He is sometimes considered the father of Arabic poetry.

sons, and began composing poetry while he was still a child.

First poem is “Sa qasida “ Most famous poem “On the sand imprint of our bodies” Name of poems in English “At the same time” and in ozudek “Sa qasida” End of life: He died in the middle of the 6th century .

Imro Qays died of a skin disease He Died in Ancyre .

Biography written by: Christodoulos 4th Junior High School of Petroupoli

Biography Research Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeong_Ji-yong http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/History/view?articleId=134151

Poet’s name: (Korea)

Jeong Ji-Yong Cheong Chi-yong (정지용)

GAME

Life: Cheong Chi-yong was born in Okcheon,in Central South Korea at Chungcheongbuk-do region, on May 15, 1902.

He attended Whimoon High School and graduated from Japan's Doshisha Universitywith a major in English literature.While studying at Whimoon High School, he published the literary magazine Bulletin (Yoram) with contemporaries like Park Palyang. In 1926, he began to concentrate exclusively on composing poetry and his piece "Cafe France”"(Kape peurangseu) was published in Hakjo magazine. Later in life, Jung was active as an associate of Pak Yong-chol's Poetry (Simunhak) He has worked as a teacher and also he was a professor at Ewha Womans University, teaching Korean and Latin

End of life: 1950, Ντονγκντουτσεόν, Νότια Κορέα

Family Life - He was not married

It has been forbidden to publicly mention his poems, as with other writers who were kidnapped and taken to North Korea during the division of Korea. His poetry was allowed only in March 1988 and became known to the public once again. In 1989, the Ji-yong Poetry Literature Award was established and it continues to this day. In 1995, “Nostagia,” his representative work, was made into a popular song and released

Translated poems ● ● ● ● ● ●

Distant Valleys: Poems of Chŏng Chi-Yong. translated by Daniel A. Kister. (1994) Cheong Chi-yong cheonjip [The Collected Works of Chŏng Chi-yong]. Seoul. (1988) "Eight Poems of Chong Chi-yong" [with translations by Daniel A. Kister], Korea Journal 30 (2): 39~51. includes "Dahlias." (1990) "The Early Poetry of Chong Chi-yong" [with translations by Daniel A. Kister], Korea Journal 30 (2):28~38. (1990) Eine andere Sonne (정지용 시선) Nostagia (향수): Poems of Chung Ji-yong [[translated by Insoo Lee and Sung-Il Lee. (2017)

Works Cheong Chi-yong is considered among the most important poets to emerge from the modernist movement in Korea, in fact he has been described as "the first modern Korean poet." His poetry can be divided into three stages. The first stage, which took place around 1925 to 1933, is characterized by the poet’s sensual imagist work, which often focused on the sea. Beginning with his 1933 poem Phoenix (Bulsajo) and ending in 1935, the poet composed religious poetry influenced by his Catholic faith; this second period served as a transition period between his early sensous poetry and his later more traditional poetry. After his "Ongnyu Village" (Ongnyudong) and "Guseong Village" (Guseongdong) in 1941, his poetry evinced predominance of Eastern thinking in its aesthetic. After his 1934 poem "A Different Heaven" (Dareun haneul) and "Yet Another Sun" (Tto hanaui dareun taeyang), Jung discarded the religious tendency of his earlier work. After nearly four years of absence from writing, he arrived at a mentality that sought to overcome the pains of reality, as seen in "Ongnyu Village", "Mountain Peak" (Bong), and "Guseong Village".

Nostagia

The place where a rill, babbling old tales, Meanders on eastward toward the end of a broad plain And a mottled bull ox lows In dusk's plaintive tones of golden indolenceCould it ever be forgotten, even in one's dreams?

The place where ashes grow cold in a clay brazier While over empty fields the sound of the night wind drives the horses And our aged father, overcome with drowsiness, Props his straw pillowCould it ever be forgotten, even in one's dreams?

The place where I got drenched in the rank weeds'dew, Searchirlg for an arrow recklessly shot In the yearning of my earth-bred heart For the sky's lustrous blueCould it ever be forgotten, even in one's dreams?

The place where little sister, dark earlocks Flying like night waves dancing in a fairy-tale sea, And my wife, not pretty but passable and all the year barefoot, Bent their backs to the sun's tingling rays and gleaned ears of grainCould it ever be forgotten, even in one's dreams?

The place where sprinkled stars wend their way in the sky Toward sand castles just beyond our ken, While beneath drab roofs, hoary crows cawing past, People sit, softly murmuring, round the faint firelightCould it ever be forgotten, even in one's dreams?

This poem is one of the representative works of Jeong Ji-yong. It expresses a sense of sorrow about the homeland, and nostalgia for a lost homeland, all during the difficulty of Japanese colonization.

By Son Gina Korea.net Staff Writer (source: http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/History/view?articleId=134151)

Biography written by Moraru Beatrice and Pelin Denisa Colegiul National Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Galati, Romania

Biography Research Sources : wikipedia.com ; koreanliteraturenow.com

Kim Nam-jo Early Life: -She was born on September 25, 1927 in Daegu, South Korea -Attended a girls’ school in Kyushu, Japan and graduated from Seoul National University’s College of Education in 1951 with a degree in Korean Language Education

Works Life (Moksum), ”I am sick,” my heart said, but

A Heart’s Flag (Jeongnyeomui gi),

Silence had not yet matured, so that voice was faint.

Music of the Windswept Forest (Pungnimui eumak), Naadeuui hyangyu,

Later,

For a While, and Forever (Jamsi, geurigo yeongwonhi), Windtaufe - German (Baram serye)

When my heart said, “I am sick, gravely sick.”

Because silence had matured I knew what it had said.’

-Heartache

Biography research Resource: www.wikipedia.org

Kim soo young Early life

Family life

Kim was born in Gwancheol-dong, Seoul on November 27, 1921. After graduating from the Sunrin Commercial High School, Kim departed for Japan to study at the Tokyo University of Commerce.

He returned to Korea in 1943 to avoid the conscription of student soldiers in Japan. A year later, he moved to Jilin, Manchuria with his family and taught at the Jilin High School.

Kim soo- young married Kim Hyun-kyung in 1950 and had two sons (Kim Woo / Kim Joon) Kim returned to Seoul to work as interpreter In 1945. In 1952 he worked as an interpreter for the director of the hospital in the Geojedo Island, and for the U.S 8th Army. Kim, who taught English at Sunrin Commercial High School later in life, began working for Weekly Pacific (Jugan taepyeongyang) and Pyeonghwa Newspaper after returning to Seoul in 1954.

The following year, Kim retired from his work and began a poultry farming operation from his home.

Facts =Kim soo-young was conscripted by the North Korean Army and became a prisoner of war. He was eventually released to the Geojedo Island Prisoner-of-War Camp in 1952 =Kim soo-young received the first Poet's Association Award. =Kim's literary orientation became clear when he led other young Korean poets in "The Second Half," a group dedicated to redirecting Korean poetry away from the traditionalism and lyricism of the early 1950s by confront social concerns by using language in a new way. =Kim's significance and impact only really took place after his death. He only published one volume of poetry (in 1959). Shortly before his death, he wrote a theoretical article which sparked a lively debate. =The Kim Soo-young Contemporary Poetry Award is named in his honor.

End of life

Kim soo-young died on June 16, 1968, after being struck by a bus while in Seoul.

Works Kim soo-young published a poetry collection entitled Play of the Moon (Dallaraui Jangnan), Kim soo-young best-known poem is "Grass"

The grass lies down Waving in the east wind that drives the rain The grass lay down And finally cried.

After crying the more because the day was gray It lay down again. * The grass lies down Lies down faster than the wind Cries faster than the wind and Rises before the wind does. * The day is gray and the grass lies down.

To the ankles To the soles of the feet it lies down.

Though it lies down later than the wind It rises before the wind Though it cries later than the wind It laughs before the wind does.

The day is gray and the grassroots lie down.

Prepared by Imad

Biography written by Alison, France

Biography Research Sources : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources

KIM SOWOL PHOTO :

Early Lif Kim Sowol was born August 6, 1902 in Guseonge: When he was only two years old, his father was attacked by Japanese workers and eventually went mad. Kim Jeong-sik is raised by her grandfather.

Family Life After being attacked by Japanese workers his father eventually went mad. Kim Jeong-sik was raised by her grandfather, a mining operator. He gets married at 14 years old.

2 Interesting Facts: he had 6 children He was married

End of life: Business then continues to go wrong, the writer sinks into alcoholism and ends up committing suicide by poisoning himself at the age of 32 years. December 24, 1934

If you have to leave me, I was tired of myself.

Without a word, I will let you go.

However, I will pick out the azalea of.

The flowers are beautiful.

Yaksan Mountain in the Yong Byo area.

And I will leave a petal on your way, I hope your steps will be light.

In this flower bed.

If you have to leave me,

네가 나를 떠나야 만한다면, 나에 싫증이났다. 한마디도없이, 나는 너를 놓아 줄 것이다.

그러나 나는 철수의 진달래를 골라 낼 것이다. 꽃이 아름답다. 용화 (Yong Byo) 지역의 야산 산 (Yaksan Mountain).

그리고 나는 당신의 방법에 꽃잎을 남겨 둘 것이다, 당신의 발걸음이 빛이되기를 바랍니다. 이 꽃 침대에서.

네가 나를 떠나야 만한다면,

I was tired of myself.

Even if I die, I will not shed tears.

나에 싫증이났다. 내가 죽어도 나는 눈물을 흘리지 않을 것이다.

Biography written by Melysa

Biography Research Sources : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lope_de_Vega

Lope de Vega

Photo / portrait

Early Life: 25 November 1562 in Madrid.

Fèlix de vega and Francisca Fernández Flórez.

Colegio Imperial and l’université d’Alcalá de Henares.

Family Life: He married Juana de Guardo and Alderete y Urbina.

8 children: Carlos Félix de vega, Marcela de san félix, Téodora de ubrina, Fray luis de la madre de dios, Antonia clara de vega, Feliciana de vega, Manuela de vega, Mariana de vega.

He lived in Madrid.He was a poet, a writer and playwright

3 Interesting Facts: Event important: 2 years exils of the kingdom of Castille.

Lope will be the fruit of the reconciliation of his parents.

He earns some money by writing comedias and piezas of circunstancias.

Works Los ratones de lope de vega.

Sonetos de lope vega.

End of life: 27 august 1635 in Madrid.

Lope Félix got drowned .

Burial place in Madrid.

Lope De Vega

Biography written by Alix and Tiffany Biography Research Sources : https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lope-de-Vega https://nexoresidencias.com/en/lope-de-vega-student-accommodation https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lope_de_Vega Questions: - Interesting trips from Lope de Vega -Interesting people it met orther

Photo

Early Life:

-He was born on November the 25, 1562, in

Madrid, in Spain.-The father is Felix De Vega and the mother is Francisca Fernández Flórez His father was an embroiderer, but there's little information on his mother.- Later he also studied in the Study of the Compañía de Jesús, later known as the Imperial School.

From 1577 to 1581 he studied in the University of Alcalá de Henares, but he didn't obtain any titles from his studies. His rowdy lifestyle wasn't appealing to his mentors, who stopped paying for his studies.

Works

Family Life -He married Isabel de

Urbina and Juana de Guardo.

-Lope De Vega had 15 children .

-The Lope de Vega University Residence in the historic centre of Alcalá de Henares.

-he was a writer and Knight of the Order.

3 Interesting Facts:-In 1583, he enlisted in the navy and fought against the Portuguese at Isla Terceira, under the orders of his future friend, Álvaro de Bazán, Marquis of Santa Cruz de MudelaIn 1595, after eight years of exile, Lope returned to Madrid. The following year, he undergoes a new trial for cohabitation with the actress Antonia Trillo.

-The interesting people he met is Álvaro de Bazán.

This first poem is Rimas (1602-1604) This famous poem is Espagnol: Copy poem: solilaquios Espanol: Port an extranos caminos Van mispasos derramados Que por mis graves pecados Triemblo los ojos divinos Anglais : Lost on a strange path My steps were so bad Only, under the weight of my sins, I tremble with divine eyes

End of life: Died Aug. 27, 1635, Madrid) The cause of death is a sickness called scarlatine.

His burial place is San Sebastian Church, Madrid, Spain.

Biography written by cyril

Cyriol:

Biography Research

Sources : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lope_de_Vega.google

Lope de vega

Early Life: born on 25 November 1562.

Born in Madrid.He died on August 27 1635 in the same city. His father was called Félix de Vega, his mother Francisca Fernández Flórez.

Photo / portrait

Works

Family Life He gets married with Juanna de Gardo , His father was a meat trader of the courtyard.

He lived inCalle de Cervantes, 11, 28014 Madrid, Espagne.

3 Interesting Facts: 

 

Nicknamed by Miguel de Cervantes “the Phenix , the monster of nature” or Spanish tragi-comedy at a time when the theater was becoming a mass cultural phenomenon.

He was knight of Malta of the order of St. John of Jerusalem.

Exiled in the Kingdom of Castile while 2 years and 5 years of prohibition of stay in Madrid, all under penalty of death, related to a revenge in relation to his first love.

End of life: Lope de Vega died on August 27 ,1635, Madrid, Spain he is buried in Madrid.

he is buried in madrid

Biography Research(Sources) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1974/martinson/poetry/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-Martinson

Poet’s name: (Sweden)

Harry Martinsson Photo / portrait

Early Life: -date of birth: 6 May 1904 place: Jämshög, Blekinge County in south-eastern Sweden At a young age he lost both his parents where after he was placed as a foster child In the age of 16 he started working as a sailor travelling all over the world but after some health problems he stopped travelling and working and at times he was living as a vagabond (even arrested for vagrancy) on the country roads.

End of life: -

-

-

Family Life He was married to Moa, another Swedish writer for 11 years (1929-1940) but were divorced due to her criticism of his lack of political commitment.Moa became a writer and Harry married Ingrid Lindcrantz He had no children

Date and place of death: 11 February 1978 at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm Cause of death:cutting his stomach open with a pair of scissors in what has been described as a "hara-kiri-like manner"(suicide).

Burial place: Silverdal, Sollentuna – north of Stockholm

3 Interesting Facts: His popular success as a novelist came with the semi-autobiographical Nässlorna blomma (Flowering Nettles) in 1935, about hardships encountered by a young boy in the countryside.

One of his most noted works is the poetic cycle Aniara, which is a story of the spacecraft Aniara that during a journey through space loses its course and subsequently floats on without destination.

-He travelled to the Soviet Union in 1934 Together with Artur Lundkvist, Gustav Sandgren, Erik Asklund and Josef Kjellgren he authored the anthology Fem unga (Five Youths), which introduced Swedish Modernism.He was a member of the Academy when he won the Nobel Prize in Literature 1974 for which he had hard criticism that he could not stand and had as a result his suicide.

Summary: Harry Martinson was a Swedish author, poet and former sailor. In 1949 he was elected into the Swedish Academy. He was awarded a joint Nobel Prize in Literature in 1974 together with fellow Swede Eyvind Johnson "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos".

Works His first book of poetry, Spökskepp (“Ghost Ship”), much influenced by Rudyard Kipling’s Seven Seas, appeared in 1929. His early experiences are described in two autobiographical novels, Nässlorna blomma (1935; Flowering Nettle) and Vägen ut (1936; “The Way Out”), and in original and sensitive travel sketches, Resor utan mål (1932; “Aimless Journeys”) and Kap Farväl (1933; Cape Farewell). Among his best-known works are Passad (1945; “Trade Wind”), a collection of poetry; Vägen till Klockrike (1948; The Road), a novel that sympathetically examines the lives of tramps and other social outcasts; and Aniara (1956; Aniara, A Review of Man in Time and Space), an epic poem about space travel that was turned into a successful opera in 1959 by Karl Birger Blomdahl.

Martinson’s language is lyrical, unconstrained, innovative, and sometimes obscure; his imagery, sensuous; his style, often starkly realistic or expressionistic; and his philosophy, primitivism (source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-Martinson)

The electrons

Elektronerna

With their round dance the electrons spin

Elektronerna spinner med sin ringdans

chrysalises of that which abides,

förblivandets puppor,

the inmost cocoons

de innersta kokongerna

which do not open of their own accord

som inte självmant öppnar sig

but are of that which abides.

emedan de är förblivandets.

There it is not a matter of hatching out.

Det gäller där inte att kläckas utåt.

There it is a matter of tending and protecting

Där gäller det att vakta och bevara

the metamorphoses of the inmost

det inres metamorfoser,

deeper-down swaying,

de djupare svängande

the innermost playing of women in dance.

innersta danserskornas lek.

By Harry Martinson

Av Harry Martinson

From Dikter om ljus och mörker, 1971

Ur Dikter om ljus och mörker, 1971

Translated by Stephen Klass

Publicerad med tillstånd av Eva Martinson

Published with the permission of Eva Martinson

To cite this section

To cite this section

MLA style: Harry Martinson – Poetry. NobelPrize.org. Nobel

MLA style: Harry Martinson – Poetry. NobelPrize.org. Nobel

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Media AB 2019. Mon. 1 Apr 2019.

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Biography written by: Giorgos 4th Junior High School of Petroupoli

Biography Research (Sources) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Neruda https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D %CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1 http://www.vzjp.cz/basne.htm#Neruda

https://allpoetry.com/Jan-Neruda

Poet’s name (Chez Republic)

Jan Neruda

GAME Photo / portrait

Early Life: -date of birth:1834 -place of birth: Prague -parents:Barbora Nerudová,Antonín Neruda. childhood: His father was a small grocer who lived in the Malá Strana district.Initially, they lived on Újezd Street and later, when he was four, moved to Ostruhová Street (now called Nerudova Street in his honor), where they owned a house known as “U Dvou Slunců” (At the Two Suns).

- studies:He studied philosophy and literature and worked as a teacher until 1866, when he began writing and journaling.

End of life: 22 August 1891 Prague, Czech -Cause of death: cancer -Burial place: Vyšehrad cemetery

Family Life: He was never married. He had relationship with Anna Holinova and after with a married writer Karolina Svetla

Interesting Facts: -Chilean poet with the same surname: Pablo Neruda -Neruda had journeys through Europe and Middle East, where he came into contact with different cultures. Of these trips Parisian pictures book was born.

-His second lover supported him financially -His mother death affected his poetry -He is also famous about prosaic work mainly the “Tales of the Lesser Quarter” published in 1877. He created the picture of Prague's Lesser Quarter before 1848 on the basis of his own memories. Neruda's stories take the reader to its streets and yards, shops, churches, houses, and restaurants. It shows typical figures of Czech Bourgeoisie. With humor depicting their qualities, he criticizes local life

Jan Nepomuk Neruda (1834-1891) was a Czech journalist, writer, poet and art critic; one of the most prominent representatives of Czech Realism and a member of the "May School".'The May school' expressed its desire to break away from the narrow provincialism and nationalism of the preceding period, and emphasized general human themes.

Poetry: -Hřbitovní kvítí (“Graveyard Flowers”) ( His

first poetry.) -Knihy veršů (“Books of Verses”) -Písně kosmické (“Cosmic songs”) This work expresses feelings of the Generation called Májovci (May School).

-Balady a romance ("Ballads and Romances)" -Prosté motivy ("Plain Themes / Simple Motifs") -Zpěvy páteční ("Friday Songs") This is his top work.

Seděly žáby v kaluži, hleděly vzhůru k nebi, starý jim žabák učený odvíral tvrdé lebi.

Cosmic Songs #22

Frogs sat around a puddle And gazed at heavens high Frog teacher pounding into skulls The science of the sky.

Vysvětloval jim oblohu, líűil ty světlé drtky, mluvil o pánech hvězdářích zove je "Světa krtky".

He spoke about the heavens Bright dots we see there burning And men watch them, "astronomers" Like moles they dig for learning.

Pravil, že jejich hvězdný zkum zvláštní je mírou veden, dvacet že milionů mil teprv jim loket jeden.

When these moles start to map the stars The large becomes quite small What's twenty million miles to us They call one foot, that's all.

Tedy že, řekněm pro příklad - věříme-li v ty krtky -, k Neptunu třicet loket je, k Venuši jen tři čtvrtky.

So, as those moles did figure out (If you believe their plan) Neptune is thirty feet away Venus, less than one.

Rozmluvil se pak o Slunci - žáby jsou divem němy -, ze Slunce ž e by nastrouhal na tři sta tisíc Zemí.

If we chopped up the Sun, he said (Awed frogs could only stare) We'd get three hundred thousand Earth's With still a few to spare

Slunce že velmi slouží nám, paprskovými klíny štípajíc věčnost na rok a směnkové na termíny.

The Sun helps us make use of time, It rolls round heaven's sphere And cuts a workday into shifts "Forever" to a year

O kometách že těžkářeč, rozhodnout že to nechce, míní však, že by nemělo soudit se příliš lehce.

What comets are is hard to say A strange manifestation Though this is not a reason for Some idle speculation

Nejsou snad všecky nešťastny, nejsou snad zhoubny všecky, o jedné ale vypráví sám rytíř Luběněcki:

They are no evil sign, we hope No reason for great fright As in a story we got from Lubyenyetsky, great knight

sotva se její paprsky odněkud k nám sem vdraly, vskutku se v glinské hospodě hanebně ševci sprali.

A comet there appeared, and when It rays were seen by all The cobblers in a tavern Began a shameful brawl

O hvězdách potom podotknul, po nebi co jich všude, skoro že samáslunce jsou, zelené, modré, rudé.

He told them how the stars we see So many, overhead Are actually only suns Some green, some blue, some red

Vezmem-li pak pod spektroskop paprslek jejich světla, že v něm naleznem kovy tyž, z nichžse i Země spletla.

And if we use the spectroscope Their light tells, in addition Those distant stars and our Earth Have the same composition

Umlknul. Kolem horlivě šuškají posluchači. Žabák se ptá, zdaž o světech ještě cos zvědít ráči.

He stopped. The frogs were overwhelmed.

Their froggy eyeballs rolled.

"What more about this universe Would you like to be told?"

"Jen bychom rády věděly," vrch hlavy poulí zraky, "jsou-li tam tvoři jako my, jsou-li tam žáby taky!"

"Just one more thing, please tell us sir" A frog asked, "Is it true?

Do creatures live there just like us Do frogs exist there too?"

Kostis Palamas (Greek: Κωστής Παλαμάς; 13 January [O.S. 8 January] 1859 – 27 February 1943) was a Greek poet who wrote the words to the Olympic Hymn. He was a central figure of the Greek literary generation of the 1880s and one of the cofounders of the so-called New Athenian School (or Palamian School, or Second Athenian School) along with Georgios Drosinis, Nikos Kampas, and Ioannis Polemis.

The Olympic Hymn Ancient immortal spirit, honorable father Of the Beautiful, the Great and the True, Come down, reveal yourself and shine In the glory of your earth and heaven.

In racing, in wrestling and stone-throwing Shine in the heat of noble contest, Crown youth with the undying branch And make their bodies strong and worthy.

Fields and mountains and seas shine with you Like a great purple and white temple And to this temple they come as pilgrims, Ancient immortal spirit, all the races of the earth.

Biography written by: Roberto Verdejo Sources : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Edgar_Allan_Poe_portrait_B.jpg https://www.notablebiographies.com https://www.thefamouspeople.com

“Believe only half of what you see and nothing that you hear”

EDGAR ALLAN POE

He was born in Boston. He was adopted by Mr. Allan of Richmond since his mum died before the poet was three years old.

He went to England with his adoptive parents. He lived there for five years. He received a good education and went to the University of Virginia.

In 1829 he was enlisted in the Army but he failed as an officer cadet.

He started a career as an editor in several newspaper.

1809-1849

His father deserted the family and then Elizabeth Poe died of tuberculosis in Richmond Virginia.

He married his fourteen-year-old cousin, Virginia.

Poe published his poem “The Raven” to instant success, but Virginia died of tuberculosis two years after its publication.

He was found in the streets of Baltimore on October 3 and he died four days later.

POETRY Tamerlane and Other Poems Al Aaraaf Poems The Raven and Other Poems Tales of Ratiocination ANALYTICAL TALES called “TALES OF RATIOCINATION” The Gold Bug The Murders in the Rue Morgue The Purloined Letter

He died in mysterious circumstances in Baltimore at the age of forty in 1849.

“Death takes courage and then invites you to a drink”

Breakfast He poured the coffee Into the cup He poured the milk Into the cup of coffee He added the sugar To the coffee and milk He stirred it With a teaspoon He drank the coffee And put back the cup Without speaking to me He lit a cigarette He blew some rings With the smoke He flicked the ashes Into the ashtray Without speaking to me Without looking at me He got up He put his hat On his head He put on His raincoat Because it was raining He went out Into the rain Without a word Without looking at me And I I took my head In my hands And I wept Jacques PrĂŠvert

Biography written by Stroiu Robert-Gabriel Colegiul National Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Galati, Romania

Biography Research Sources : Wikipedia, notablebiographies.com, famousbirthdays.com

Jacques Prévert Early Life:

Prévert was born at Neuilly-surSeine and grew up in Paris. After receiving his Certificat d'études upon completing his primary education, he quit school and went to work in Le Bon Marché, a major department store in Paris.

Called up for military service in 1918, after the war, he was sent to the Near East to defend French interests there.

Family Life He grew up in a middle class family, the middle of three sons, and enjoyed a mostly happy childhood.

His autobiographical prose poem, "Enfance" (Childhood), is filled with pleasant memories of street life in his hometown .

3 Interesting Facts:

Works Paroles (1946) Le Petit Lion, illustrated by Ylla (1947, reprinted 1984) Contes pour enfants pas sages (Tales for naughty children) (1947) Des Bêtes, illustrated by Ylla (1950, reprinted 1984) Spectacle (1951) Grand bal du printemps, with photographs by Izis Bidermanas (1951) Lettre des îles Baladar (Letter from the Baladar Islands) (1952) Tour de chant (1953) La pluie et le beau temps (Rain and sunshine) (1955) Histoires (1963) (Stories) Fatras (1966)

1)He is born under the zodiac aquarius, who is known for Knowledge, Humanitarian, Serious, Insightful, Duplicitous. 2)Prevert was probably the best of the Frenchcafé singers. 3)He often went to theater with his father, a drama critic, and acquired a love of reading from his mother.

End of life: He died in Omonville-laPetite, on 11 April 1977.

Biography written by Petrea Ana-Maria & Nica Ioana Maria Colegiul National Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Galati, Romania

Biography Research Sources : Wikipedia, www.sunsings.org, www.vipfaq.com, www.nytimes.com, www.stepfeed.com

Nizar Qabbani “In the summer, I stretch out on the shore and think of you. Had I told the sea what I felt for you, it would have left its shores, its shells, its fish, and followed me.”

Early Life:

Nizar Qabbani was born on 21 March 1923 in the

Syrian capital of Damascus to a Syrian middle class merchant family of Turkish descent. The school where he studied was the national Scientific College School in Damascus what was owned and run by his father's friend, Ahmad Munif al-Aidi. While a student in college he wrote his first collection of poems entitled The Brunette Told Me. It was a collection of romantic verses that made several startling references to a woman's body, sending shock waves throughout the conservative society in Damascus.

Family Life: Qabbani had five siblings – two sisters Wasila& Haifa and three brothers – Rashid, Sabbah, &Mu’taz. Nizar Qabbani married twice in his life. His first wife was his cousin Zahra Aqbiq; together they had a daughter, Hadba, and a son, Tawfiq.

Tawfiq His second marriage was to an Iraqi woman named Balqis al-Rawi.

Together they had a son, Omar, and a daughter, Zainab. After the death of Balqis, Qabbani did not marry again.

Works Over the course of a half-century, Qabbani wrote 34 other books of poetry.

3 Interesting Facts: When Nizar Qabbani was 15 years old, his sister committed suicide when she was forced to marry someone she did not love. This left a great impression on his mind, and he decided to do something against the inferior status of women in his country.

Qabbani began writing poetry when he was 16 years old

The city of Damascus remained a powerful muse in his poetry, most notably in the Jasmine Scent of Damascus.

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Childhood of a Breast (1948) Samba (1949) You Are Mine (1950) Poems Against The Law (1972) Write the History of Woman Like So (1981) Love Shall Remain My Lord (1987) I Married You, Liberty! (1988) Fifty Years of Praising Women (1994) Alphabet of Jasmine (1998)

End of life: He left life as a Syrian diplomat to become one of the Arab world’s greatest poets, died on 30 April 1998 in London, where he lived, he was 75. The cause of his death was a heart attack, his family said.

Barada

By Nizar Qabbani

Barada, oh father of all rivers Oh, horse that races the days Be, in our sad history, a prophet Who receives inspiration from his lord Millions acknowledge you as an Arab Prince . . . so pray as an imam Oh eyes of the gazelle in the desert of Sham Look down. This is the age of lavender They have detained you in the pavilions for a long time We have woven tents from tears God has witnessed that we have broken no promise Or secured protection for those we love

Biography research Resources: www.wikipedia.org / www.classicspanishbooks.com / www.spanisharts.com

Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Santibáñez Villegas Early life Quevedo was born on 14 September 1580 in Madrid into a family of hidalgos[2] from the village of Vejorís, located in the northern mountainous region of Cantabria. His family was descended from the Castilian nobility.

He attended the Imperial School run by the Jesuits in Madrid. He then attended university at Alcalá de Henares from 1596 to 1600. By his own account, he made independent studies in philosophy, classical languages, Arabic, Hebrew, French and Italian.

Family life His friend Antonio Juan de la Cerda, the Duke de Medinaceli, forced Quevedo to marry against his will with Doña Esperanza de Aragón, a widow with children. The marriage, made in 1634, barely lasted three months.

He accompanied Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna as secretary to Italy in 1613.Quevedo accompanied the young king in trips to Andalusia and Aragon. In 1632 he would become secretary to the king.

Facts about the nobleman politician and writer

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Quevedo's enemies included, the dramatist Juan Ruiz de Alarcón . Quevedo also attacked Juan Pérez de Montalbán,and the poet Góngora.

The elevation of Philip IV to the throne in 1621 meant the end of Quevedo's exile, and his return to Court and politics.

Quevedo killed a man, who was someone of importance. Quevedo thus retired temporarily to the palace of his friend and patron, Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna.

In 1639, he was arrested. His books were confiscated.

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He wrote his first important collection of poems in 1613( Heráclito Cristiano).

He only wrote one novel, a picaresque called "El Buscón" In his prose, he wrote about politics, theology and literary criticism, and he published many books and papers on those subjects

End of life He died in the Dominican convent of Villanueva de los Infantes, on 8 September 1645. He was buried Iglesia de San Andrés

Letrilla: The Lord of Dollars Over kings and priests and scholars Rules the mighty Lord of Dollars.

Mother, unto gold I yield me, He and I are ardent lovers; Pure affection now discovers How his sunny rays shall shield me!

For a trifle more or less All his power will confess, Over kings and priests and scholars Rules the mighty Lord of Dollars.

In the Indies did they nurse him, While the world stood round admiring; And in Spain was his expiring; And in Genoa did they hearse him; And the ugliest at his side Shines with all of beauty's pride; Over kings and priests awl scholars Rules the mighty Lord of Dollars.

He's a gallant, he's a winner, Black or white be his complexion; He is brave without correction As a Moor or Christian sinner.

He makes cross and medal bright, And he smashes laws of right,— Over kings and priests and scholars Rules the mighty Lord of Dollars.

Noble are his proud ancestors For his blood-veins are patrician; Royalties make the position Of his Orient investors; So they find themselves preferred To the duke or country herd,— Over kings and priests and scholars, Rules the mighty Lord of Dollars!

Of his standing who can question When there yields unto his rank, a Hight-Castillian Doña Blanca, If you follow the suggestion?— He that crowns the lowest stool, And to hero turns the fool,— Over kings and priests and scholars, Rules the mighty Lord of Dollars.

Prepared by Bouchra Didouche

Biography written by: Elli and Katerina

Biography Research Sources: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/arthur-rimbaud https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Rimbaud https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/arthur-rimbaud

Poet’s name: (France)

Arthur Rimbaud Photo / portrait

Early Life: - Date of birth:20 October 1854 - Place of birth: Charleville-Mézières, in north France - parents:he was the second son of an army captain, Frédéric Rimbaud, and Marie-Cathérine-Vitalie Rimbaud, née Cuif. He had an older brother, Frédéric, born in 1853, and two younger sisters: Vitalie, born in 1858, and Isabelle, born in 1860. The father was absent during most of Rimbaud’s childhood. Rimbaud’s difficult relationship with his authoritarian mother is reflected in many of his early poems, such as “Les Poètes de sept ans” (The Seven-Year-Old Poets, 1871). Rimbaud’s mother was a devout Christian, and Rimbaud associated her with many of the values that he rejected: conventional religious belief and practice, the principles of hard work and scholarly endeavor, patriotism, and social snobbery.

- social background:He spent most of his childhood on the farm of his mother's family in Ross, along with his older brother Frederick and his younger sisters, Vitaly and Isabel.

- childhood:In April 1865, after a decision by his mother, he was transferred to the College of Charleville, where he soon redefined his lessons and his abilities made a great impression, moving him from the fifth grade of the elementary school to the first grade of the high school.

End of life: - Date:10 November 1891 -Place of death: Marseille, France -Cause of death: bone cancer -Burial place: France

3 Interesting Facts: Family Life He had never been married.

Rimbaud was known to have been a libertine and a restless soul, having engaged in an at times violent romantic relationship with fellow poet Paul Verlaine, which lasted nearly two years. Verlaine has abandonded his wife and his son to live with Rimbaud. He had travelled with him to England and Belgium and he had shoot Rimbaud at his hand and was sent to prison.

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He started writing at a very young age and excelled as a student, but abandoned his formal education in his teenage years to run away from home to Paris amidst the Franco-Prussian War. During his late adolescence and early adulthood he began the bulk of his literary output, then completely stopped writing at the age of 21, after assembling one of his major works, Illuminations.

Rimbaud wrote all of his poetry in a span of about five years, concluding around the year 1875. His only writing after 1875 survives in documents and letters. In his correspondence with family and friends, Rimbaud indicates that he spent his adulthood in a constant struggle for financial success. He spent the final twenty years of his life working abroad, and he took jobs in African towns as a colonial tradesman.

After ending his literary career, he traveled extensively on three continents as a merchant

Works His impact on the Surrealist movement has been widely acknowledged, and a host of poets, from André Breton to André Freynaud, have recognized their indebtedness to Rimbaud’s vision and technique. He was the enfant terrible of French poetry in the second half of the nineteenth century and a major figure in symbolism. Paul Verlaine published Rimbaud’s first work “Poesis” (written during 1869-1872) and also his complete works in 1895 (4 years after Rimbaud’s death).

Les Corbeaux Seigneur, quand froide est la prairie, Quand dans les hameaux abattus, Les longs angelus se sont tus...

Sur la nature défleurie Faites s'abattre des grands cieux Les chers corbeaux délicieux.

The Crows Lord, when cold is the meadow, When in the hamlets slaughtered, The long angelus are silent ...

On the nature defly Bring down great heavens The dear crows delicious.

Armée étrange aux cris sévères, Les vents froids attaquent vos nids !

Vous, le long des fleuves jaunis, Sur les routes aux vieux calvaires, Sur les fossés et sur les trous Dispersez-vous, ralliez- vous !

Strange army with severe cries, Cold winds attack your nests!

You, along the yellowed rivers, On the roads to old calvaries, On ditches and holes Spread out, rally!

Par milliers, sur les champs de France, Où dorment des morts d'avant-hier, Tournoyez, n'est-ce pas, l'hiver, Pour que chaque passant repense !

Sois donc le crieur du devoir, Ô notre funèbre oiseau noir !

By the thousands, on the fields of France, Where the dead of the day before yesterday sleep Spin, is not it, winter, For each passerby to think again!

Be the crier of duty, O our funereal black bird!

Mais, saints du ciel, en haut du chêne, Mât perdu dans le soir charmé, Laissez les fauvettes de mai Pour ceux qu'au fond du bois enchaîne, Dans l'herbe d'où l'on ne peut fuir, La défaite sans avenir.

But, saints of heaven, at the top of the oak, Mast lost in the evening charmed, Leave the May warblers For those at the bottom of the wood chained, In the grass from which one can not flee, Defeat without a future From the very first published poems (This text is known to us only by its printed version.

It was published in The Literary and Artistic Revival of September 14, 1872. The Literary and Artistic Revival, newly created magazine by à ‰ mile Blà © mont which was of the Verlaine's acquaintance (and Rimbaud's since The Table Corner), had published his first issue on April 27, 1872 source: http://abardel.free.fr/tout_rimbaud/les_corbeaux. htm.)

Biography written by Shuting Li, Irene Lucena and Leila Benkaddour Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_Kyeong-nim http://anthony.sogang.ac.kr/Trans.htm http://anthony.sogang.ac.kr/Trans.htm https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ShinKyeongNim.jpg

SHIN KYEONG-NIM

He was born on 6 April 1936 in South Korea.

He graduated in English Literature from Dongguk University.

He is a very creative writer.

He published Farmers' Dance , it is socially aware poetry.

His poetry is powerful with powerful rhythms.

He frequented the people of Korea’s rural villages and collected the traditional songs they sang: The Pass (Saejae), A Folksong Travel Diaries (Minyo Gihaeng) The South Han River (Namhangang) The Path (Gil)

Shin is known as a “poet of the people” He taught elementary school in his hometown for a period of time.

He is now one of Korea's senior literary figures.

Shin's poetry is largely concerned with farmers and farming villages.

Biography written by Stoica Fabian Colegiul National Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Galati, Romania

Biography Research https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Skacel http://poemsandpoetics.blogspot.com/2009/07/five-poems-after-poems-by-jan-skacel.html

Jan Skácel Early Life: -date of birth and place of birth:February 1922 in Vnorovy

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Poetry -1957 (How many chances the rose has) -1960 (What remained of angel) -1962 (An hour between dog and wolf)

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Prose -1966 (The eleventh white horse) -1993 (The thirteenth black horse)

Family Life -Son of Isidor Skacel and Klara Skacelova -Brother of Klara Hofmannova; Kateřina Skacelová; Josef Skacel; Antonin Skacel; František Skacel; Ondřej Skacel and Františka Skacelová

End of life: -

Date and place of death: 7 November 1989 in Brno

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Cause of death: is not specified

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Burial place : Central Cemetery, Brno, Czech

3 Interesting Facts: -His poems were mentioned in the book Ignorance written by Milan Kundera.

-He often juxtaposed the fear stoked by the communist regime in Czechoslovakia and the highly free syntax of Czech language.

-He was awarded the German international literary Petrarca-Preis and Slovenian international Vilenica prize in 1989.

Here is a poem that belongs to the author ALL THAT REMAINS OF ANGELS Morning, trees still bandaged all the rest untouched, between two poplars half asleep in flight a levitating angel Through cracks in sleep he sings The first one on the street he whom that song would wound may stand there half suspecting yet never catching a glimpse A greenness all that remains of those angels

The Wheel Of God - Poem by Sophocles

In many a turning of the wheel of God My fate revolves and changes all its mood; E'en as the moon's face never keepeth still For but two nights in one position fixed, But from its hiding-place first comes as new, With brightening face, and thenceforth waxeth full; And when it gains its noblest phase of all, Wanes off again, and comes to nothingness.

Biography written by Nicodim Melisa & Sava Cristina Colegiul National, Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Galati, Romania

Biography Research Sources : https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophocles https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-wheel-of-god/

Sophocles

Early Life: -497/496 BCE,Colunus,Attica; -member of the rural deme(small community) of Hippeios Colonus in Attica; -Was born into a wealthy family(his father was an armour manufacturer) and was highly educated;

Photo / portrait

Family Life -Sophocles once lured a boy outside to have sex and afterwards the boy left with Sophocles’ cape,while the boy’s own cape was left with

Sophocles’.

Works -Among Sophocles' earliest innovations was the addition of a third actor, which further reduced the role of the chorus and created greater opportunity for character development and conflict between characters.

-Sophocles' work is also known for its deeper development of characters than earlier playwrights.

Interesting Facts: Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions He competed in 30 competitions, won 24, and was never judged lower than second place.

End of life: 406/405 BCE (aged 90–92) Athens

Biography research Resources: www.wikipedia.org / www.poetryfoundation.org

Marin Sorescu

Early life

Family life In 1971, he was a resident of the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa.

He has also been known for his painting, and he opened many art exhibits in Romania and abroad. He occupied the position of Minister of Culture within the Nicolae Văcăroiu Cabinet, without being a member of any political party, after the Romanian revolution of 1989 (from 25 November 1993 to 5 May 1995).

Soresco married Virginia Seitan In 1961.

Sorescu Born 29 February 1936 to a family of farmworkers in Bulzești, Dolj County, Sorescu graduated from the primary school in his home village. After that he went to the Buzesti Brothers High School in Craiova, after which he was transferred to the Predeal Military School. His final education was at the University of Iaşi, where, in 1960, he graduated with a degree in modern languages.

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Facts He grew so popular that his readings were held in football stadiums Iona, the play written by Marin Sorescu and first published in 1968 is a true masterpiece.

Sorescu was awarded :

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Romanian Academy prize, 1968, 1977 The Gold Medal for Poetry "Napoli ospite", Italy, 1970 The Prize of the Romanian Academy for Drama, 1970 "Le Muse", granted by Accademie delle Muse, Florence, 1978 The International Poetry Prize "Fernado Riello", Madrid, Spain, 1983 The International Herder Prize, granted by the University of Vienna in 1991 for his entire activity Romanian Writers' Union prize (6 times, for poetry, drama, and literary criticism) He was also nominated to the Nobel Prize in Literature.

End of life Sorescu died in 1996 from a heart attack at the Elias Hospital in Bucharest, at the age of 60.

Works His first book, a collection of parodies in 1964 entitled Singur printre poeĹŁi ("Alone Among Poets") The best-known collection of Censored Poems is House under surveillance.

My cat washes with her left paw, there will be another war.

For I have observed that whenever she washes with her left paw international tension grows considerably.

How can she possibly keep her eye on all the five continents?

Could it be that in her pupils that Pythia now resides who has the power to predict the whole of history without a full-stop or comma?

It's enough to make me howl when I think that I and the Heaven with its souls I have shouldered in the last resort depend on the whims of a cat.

Go and catch mice, don't unleash more world wars, damned lazybones!

Prepared by ASMA

Nichita Stănescu (Romanian pronunciation: [niˈkita stəˈnesku]; born Nichita Hristea Stănescu) (31 March 1933 – 13 December 1983) was a Romanian poet and essayist.

Stănescu's father was Nicolae Hristea Stănescu (1908–1982). His mother, Tatiana Cereaciuchin, was Russian (originally from Voronezh, she had fled Russia and married in 1931). Nichita Stănescu finished high school in Ploieşti, then went on to study Romanian language and literature in Bucharest, graduating in 1957. He made his literary debut in the Tribuna literary magazine. Stănescu married Magdalena Petrescu in 1952, but the couple separated a year later.

In 1962 he married Doina Ciurea. In 1982 he married Todoriţa "Dora" Tărâță.

For much of his career, Stănescu was a contributor to and editor of Gazeta Literară, România Literară and Luceafărul. His editorial debut was the poetry book Sensul iubirii ("The Aim of Love"), which appeared under the Luceafărul selection, in 1960. He also was the recipient of numerous awards for his verse, the most important being the Herder Prize in 1975 and a nomination for the Nobel Prize in 1980.[1] The last volume of poetry published in his lifetime was Noduri şi semne ("Knots and Signs"), published in 1982. A heavy drinker, he died of cardiopulmonary arrest.

Winter Song You are so beautiful in winter!

The field stretched on its back, near the horizon, and the trees stopped running from the winter wind...

My nostrils tremble and no scent and no breeze only the distant, icy smell of the suns.

How transparent your hands are in winter!

And no one passes only the white suns revolve in quiet worship. and the thought spreads in circles ringing the trees in twos in fours.

Poetry Poetry is the weeping eye it is the weeping shoulder the weeping eye of the shoulder it is the weeping hand the weeping eye of the hand it is the weeping soul the weeping eye of the heel.

Oh, you friends, poetry is not a tear it is the weeping itself the weeping of an uninvented eye the tear of the eye of the one who must be beautiful of the one who must be happy.

August Strindberg (Sweden)

22 January 1889.

14 may 1912

Biography written by Patricia Molero and Adrián Alanís Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_Boye#/media/File:Karin_Boye,_1940s.gif https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_Boye http://www.karinboye.se/verk/dikter/index-en.shtml

KARIM BOYE Boye was born in Gothenburg (Göteborg), Sweden and moved with her family to Stockholm in 1909.

She studied at Uppsala University from 1921 to 1926 and debuted in 1922 with a collection of poems.

During her time in Uppsala and until 1930, Boye was a member of the Swedish Clarté League, a socialist group which was at the time strongly anti-Fascist.

First she was married to Leif Björck and later she had a lesvian relationship with Gunnel Bergström.

-The best-known is the poem "Dead Amazon"

Clouds A Buddhist Fantasy The Nightjar To a Sphinx Idea Evening Prayer Crossroads The Best Morning Song Early Spring A Painter's Wish To an Unknown Descendant Dedication Distrust In the Dark Compelled To the Shadow of a Reality The two Lineages

-A literary association dedicated to her work was created in 1983, keeping her work alive by spreading it among new readers -She had a lesbian relationship

Boye committed suicide on 23 April 1941.

August Strindberg (Sweden) Johan August Strindberg (22 January 1849 – 14 May 1912) was a Swedish playwright, novelist, poet, essayist and painter. A prolific writer who often drew directly on his personal experience, Strindberg's career spanned four decades, during which time he wrote over sixty plays and more than thirty works of fiction, autobiography, history, cultural analysis, and politics. A bold experimenter and iconoclast throughout, he explored a wide range of dramatic methods and purposes, from naturalistic tragedy, monodrama, and history plays, to his anticipations of expressionist and surrealist dramatic techniques.

From his earliest work, Strindberg developed innovative forms of dramatic action, language, and visual composition. He is considered the "father" of modern Swedish literature and his The Red Room (1879) has frequently been described as the first modern Swedish novel.

The Royal Theatre rejected his first major play, Master Olof, in 1872; it was not until 1881, at the age of thirty-two, that its première at the New Theatre gave him his theatrical breakthrough. In his plays The Father (1887), Miss Julie (1888), and Creditors (1889), he created naturalistic dramas that – building on the established accomplishments of Henrik Ibsen's prose problem plays while rejecting their use of the structure of the well-made play – responded to the call-to-arms of Émile Zola's manifesto "Naturalism in the Theatre" (1881) and the example set by André Antoine's newly established Théâtre Libre (opened 1887). In Miss Julie, characterisation replaces plot as the predominant dramatic element (in contrast to melodrama and the well-made play) and the determining role of heredity and the environment on the "vacillating, disintegrated" characters is emphasized. Strindberg modeled his short-lived Scandinavian Experimental Theatre (1889) in Copenhagen on Antoine's theatre and he explored the theory of Naturalism in his essays "On Psychic Murder" (1887), "On Modern Drama and the Modern Theatre" (1889), and a preface to Miss Julie, the last of which is probably the best-known statement of the principles of the theatrical movement.

August Strindberg (Sweden) During the 1890s he spent significant time abroad engaged in scientific experiments and studies of the occult. A series of psychotic attacks between 1894 and 1896 (referred to as his "Inferno crisis") led to his hospitalization and return to Sweden. Under the influence of the ideas of Emanuel Swedenborg, he resolved after his recovery to become "the Zola of the Occult". In 1898 he returned to play-writing with To Damascus, which, like The Great Highway (1909), is a dream-play of spiritual pilgrimage. His A Dream Play(1902) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; with its radical attempt to dramatize the workings of the unconscious by means of an abolition of conventional dramatic time and space and the splitting, doubling, merging, and multiplication of its characters â&#x20AC;&#x201C; was an important precursor to both expressionism and surrealism. He also returned to writing historical drama, the genre with which he had begun his play-writing career.

He helped to run the Intimate Theatre from 1907, a small-scale theatre, modeled on Max Reinhardt's Kammerspielhaus, that staged his chamber plays (such as The Ghost Sonata).

We Waves WE, we waves, That are rocking the winds To restâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; Green cradles, we waves!

Wet are we, and salty; Leap like flames of fireâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; Wet flames are we: Burning, extinguishing; Cleansing, replenishing; Bearing, engendering.

We, we waves, That are rocking the winds To rest!

Indra DOWN to the sand-covered earth.

Straw from the harvested fields soiled our feet; Dust from the high-roads, Smoke from the cities, Foul-smelling breaths, Fumes from cellars and kitchens, All we endured.

Then to the open sea we fled, Filling our lungs with air, Shaking our wings, And laving our feet.

Indra, Lord of the Heavens, Hear us!

Hear our sighing!

Unclean is the earth; Evil is life; Neither good nor bad Can men be deemed.

As they can, they live, One day at a time.

Sons of dust, through dust they journey; Born out of dust, to dust they return.

Given they were, for trudging, Feet, not wings for flying.

Dusty they growâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; Lies the fault then with them, Or with Thee?

Biography written by Valentin Bernadoy

Biography research

Sources :Wikipédia= https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Strindberg , LaRousse= https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/August_Strindberg/145332, https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/august-strindberg/

August Strindberg

Early life He was born on 22 january 1849 in Stockholm(Sweden) He worked as an assistant in a chemistry workshop at the University of Lund in southwestern Sweden. He was also a painter, photographer and telegraphist.

Family Life His Father ‘s name was Carl Oscar , and his mother’s Ulrika Eleonora Strindberg and he had a son whose name was iHans and a daughter Karin He married Frida Uhl

3 Interesting Facts:

Works He was a writer and one of the most important Swedish authors and one of the fathers of modern theater “We who meet a few short moments,children of the same earth and the same miracle,on the stormy peninsula of our life!Are we going to leave indifferent and without love?The same loneliness awaits us all,the same painful murmur on the grass of the grave.”

He wrote ‘’Julie’’ He wrote a tragic drama ‘’FATHER’’

End of life: Strindberg died of cancer in 1912 May 14, 1912, Stockholm, Sweden

Biography research Resources: www.wikipedia.org / www.nobelprize.org

Tomas Tranströmer

Early life Tranströmer: * was born in Stockholm on April 15, 1931 and raised by his mother Helmy, a schoolteacher, after her divorce from his father, Gösta Tranströmer, an editor. * received his secondary education at the Södra Latin Gymnasium in Stockholm, where he began writing poetry. * continued his education at Stockholm University, graduating as a psychologist in 1956 with additional studies in history, religion and literature.

Family life

Tomas Tranströmer: * married Monika Bladh and They have two daughters, Emma and Paula. * The family lived in Västerås for 35 years. * worked as a psychologist at the Roxtuna center for juvenile offenders while writing. * was employed by a government agency providing rehabilitation for a wide variety of people who had fallen out of working life.

Tomas Tranströmer:

Facts * Won the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1990 * won the Nobel prize for literature in 2011. * was acknowledged as Sweden`s greatest living poet. * was translated into more than 60 languages.

End of life Tomas Tranströmer:

*died in Stockholm on 26 March 2015. * was buried in Katarina Kyrkogard, Stockholm, Sweden.

Works Tomas Tranströmer:

* His first work is 17 poems in 1954. * The Half-Finished Heaven: The Best Poems of Tomas Tranströmer, 2001. * Mörkerseende, 1970 (Night Vision, 1972) * Sanningsbarriären, 1978 (Truth Barriers, 1984) * Den stora gåtan, 2004 (The Great Enigma, 2006) One of Tranströmer poems:

The blue house It is night with glaring sunshine. I stand in the woods and look towards my house with its misty blue walls. As though I were recently dead and saw the house from a new angle.

It has stood for more than eighty summers. Its timber has been impregnated, four times with joy and three times with sorrow. When someone who has lived in the house dies it is repainted. The dead person paints it himself, without a brush, from the inside.

On the other side is open terrain. Formerly a garden, now wilderness. A still surf of weed, pagodas of weed, an unfurling body of text, Upanishades of weed, a Viking fleet of weed, dragon heads, lances, an empire of weed.

Above the overgrown garden flutters the shadow of a boomerang, thrown again and again. It is related to someone who lived in the house long before my time. Almost a child. An impulse issues from him, a thought, a thought of will: “create. . .draw. ..” In order to escape his destiny in time.

The house resembles a child’s drawing. A deputizing childishness which grew forth because someone prematurely renounced the charge of being a child. Open the doors, enter! Inside unrest dwells in the ceiling and peace in the walls. Above the bed there hangs an amateur painting representing a ship with seventeen sails, rough sea and a wind which the gilded frame cannot subdue.

It is always so early in here, it is before the crossroads, before the irrevocable choices. I am grateful for this life! And yet I miss the alternatives. All sketches wish to be real.

A motor far out on the water extends the horizon of the summer night. Both joy and sorrow swell in the magnifying glass of the dew. We do not actually know it, but we sense it: our life has a sister vessel which plies an entirely different route. While the sun burns behind the islands.

Biography written by Albert

Biography Research Sources : https://www.britannica.com/biography/Walt-Whitman https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Whitman http://mentalfloss.com/article/535696/facts-about-walt-whitman

Photo / portrait

Walt Whitman Early Life: He was born on May 31, 1819 in Long Island in New York.

His mother was Louisa Van Velsor and his father was Walter Whitman.

He moved to Brooklyn in 1823 where he went to school for six years, then he was an apprentice in a printing workshop.

Works

Family Life He didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t marry.

He didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have children.

He lived in Brooklyn.

He worked as a journalist, a teacher, a government clerk.

3 Interesting Facts:

His first collection of poems was Leaves of Grass.

His most famous poem was Song of Myself.

Song of Myself I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.

I loafe and invite my soul, I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.

He started working at the age of 11.

He was a missionary during the civil war.

He designed his own tomb.

End of life: He died on March 26, 1892 in Camden in New Jersey.

He died of bronchial pneumonia.

He was buried in Camden's Harleigh Cemetery.

Biography written by Valentin J

Biography Research Sources : Wikipédia

Photo / portrait

WALT WHITMAN Early Life: -Walt Whitman was born the 31 may 1819 in Long Island, in USA. -He had only 6 years of school.

Family Life

He had 8 Brothers/Sisters In lived in a big family 3 Interesting Facts:

Works He wrote poems, and books, he wrote : Leaves of Grass and O Captain ! My Captain for example.

“O Captain! My Captain! our fearful trip is done; The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won; The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring” Extract of O Captain ! My Captain

He was Homosexual He Participated at The secession War on the part of Union, He wrote letters about it

End of life: -He died in the 26 march 1892 in Camden of a Pleurisy

Ivan Wernisch (born 18 June 1942) is a Czech poet, editor and a collage artist. He studied Ceramics Secondary school in Carlsbad (he left in 1959) and has since done many jobs, mostly manual. In 1961, after publishing his debut poetry book, he quickly established himself as one of the best and most loved writers of his generation. During the 70s and 80s he prepared many radio shows about famous poets of the world (in which he often â&#x20AC;&#x201C; true to his interest in mystifications â&#x20AC;&#x201C; wrote many of the poems himself), but his books could not be published officially. After the Velvet revolution he worked in a newspaper. Now he works as an editor in the Current Czech Poetry Library. He is also a renowned translator from German, Dutch, Italian, Latin, French and Russian.

His work as an editor is focused mainly on forgotten Czech poets of the last three centuries. Another Czech poet, Ewald Murrer, is his son. Ivan Wernisch lives in Prague.

AS THE SNOW MELTED They appeared as the snow melted Those who had perished in the last days of March, Then those from the February skirmishes, followed by the dead of January In the end there were also several who had fallen in November The fewest in number, because there were still burials back then Everyone waited together in the matted, golden-brown grass And finally here was the river One morning steam rose from a ship at the small wooden pier It had brought chickens in cages, live pigs The road to the city was open I began to think of escape

Biography written by Guillaume Biography Research Sources : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yun_Dong-ju

http://leerony.over-blog.com/article-yun-dong-ju-116828330.html

Yun Dong-ju Early Life : Yun Dong-ju was born on December 30, 1917 in Manchuria fourth child of Yun Yeong-seok and Kim Yong.

He studied in Yonhui School He studied English literature and literature He studied in Rikkyo University of Tokyo

Works

Family Life : he never married and didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have any children He lived in Longjing and he fled the parental home to study the letters.

He wrote a collection 31 poems, entitled Heaven, wind, stars and poems His most famous poem is Preface.

Preface: I looked up to the sky until the day I died.

I was troubled by the wind in the leaves.

With all the stars singing, we must love all dying.

And I have to walk the path given to meâ&#x20AC;Ś

End of life: He died on February 16, 1945 at the age of 27 he died tortured and starving His tomb is located in Longjing, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, China

EBOOKS AND WEB PRESENTATIONS EBOOKS BY COUNTRIES FRENCH POETS : https://issuu.com/genealberty/docs/combinepdf__14_ GREEK POETS : https://issuu.com/genealberty/docs/combine_greek SWEDISH POETS :https://issuu.com/genealberty/docs/combinepdf__2sweden AMERICAN POETS https://issuu.com/genealberty/docs/combinepdf__23_usa ROMANIAN POETS :https://issuu.com/genealberty/docs/combinepdf_romania SPANISH POETS :https://issuu.com/genealberty/docs/combinepdf_sapin CZECH POETS :https://issuu.com/genealberty/docs/combinepdf_tcsez ARABIC / MOROCCAN POETS https://issuu.com/genealberty/docs/combinepdfarabic KOREAN POETS : https://issuu.com/genealberty/docs/combinepkorea

OTHER PRESENTATIONS https://prezi.com/p/j9lbwc30yz-c/world-poets/ https://prezi.com/p/u9zqqafikmes/collective-biographies/ https://www.thinglink.com/scene/1178297418114924545 https://issuu.com/athanasiazafeiropoulou/docs/biographies_by_the_greek_team https://view.genial.ly/5cc179d74303a70f71741a45/interactive-content-interactive-image https://view.genial.ly/5ca9cbc0e50d5c23e541bdbb/learning-experience-challenges-poets-around-the-worldetwinning-2018-19

Students from the different countries working on biographies

March Task : biography writing Creative Writing Around The World School â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Year 2018/2019