AHEAD IN ANIMAL HEALTH
Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in broilers kept under field conditions J. Wiegel1, S. Horst2, B. Meijer3 and R. Gehring2 1 Department of Poultry Health, Royal GD, Deventer, The Netherlands 2 Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands 3 Dopharma Research, Raamsdonkveer, The Netherlands
Summary Plasma concentrations of doxycycline were measured at multiple time points per day following administration of doxycycline hyclate (Doxylin® 50% WSP, Dopharma) in 28 day-old broilers. Average concentrations of doxycycline in plasma were 3.1 mg/L for individually treated birds and 1.22 mg/L for birds with group treatment (by drinking water). No notable difference was seen between birds kept on slats versus bedding and a small difference was seen between healthy and diseased birds. Introduction • Doxycycline is commonly used to treat infections in broiler flocks in the Netherlands. • First choice treatment for multiple conditions according to Dutch formulary. • Anecdotal reports of inefficacy, reoccurrence of infection after cessation of treatment and residues at slaughter. • Little is known of the effects of common husbandry practices on the bioavailability and kinetics of doxycycline when used under field conditions.
Material & Methods • Broilers of commercial breed of 28 days of age, kept individually and in group pens. • Broilers are kept on slats and on bedding. • Challenge with E. coli strain 507, dose of 107 CFU/bird. • Treatment with doxycycline hyclate, dose of 25 mg/kg BW for 5 consecutive days, once a day orally or by drinking water respectively. • Concentration of doxycycline determined in plasma by LCMS/MS.
Results • Higher concentrations and more variability in plasma concentrations of individually treated birds. • No notable difference between housing on slats versus bedding. • Small difference between healthy and disease birds in group housing: • Healthy: 89% of birds achieved target* • Diseased: 92% of birds achieved target*
Group n Housing Floor Doxycycline treatment Age Study day 21 -7 28 0 29 1 30 2 31 3 32 4 33 5 34 6 35 7 36 8 37 9 38 10 39 11 40 12 41 13 42 14 Challenge BT A BT B BT C PM #
1 7 Indiv Slats Yes
2 7 Indiv Bedding Yes
BT A BT A BT A BT A BT A
BT A BT A BT A BT A BT A
PM all
PM all
3 10 Indiv Slats Yes
4 75 Group Slats Yes
5 6 75 90 Group Group Bedding Bedding Yes Yes Activity Housing, identification, weighing and acclimatization challenge challenge BT A BT B BT B BT B BT A BT C BT C BT C BT A BT C BT C BT C BT A BT C BT C BT C BT A BT C BT C BT C PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM all PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM 6 PM all
PM all
PM all
7 15 Group Bedding No
8 15 Group Bedding No
challenge
PM all
PM all
Inoculation with E.coli 10 7 CFU in 1 ml Blood sampling on 4 timepoints per day. Blood sampling on 6 timepoints per day, on each timepoint 12 animals are sampled. Blood sampling on 5 timepoints per day, on each timepoint 12 animals are sampled. The number of birds sent to the post mortem room for euthanization, weighing and sampling. Oral (in crop) treatment with Doxycycline Oral (drinking water) treatment with Doxycycline
Fig1. Study design
Conclusion • Group treatment results in lower average concentrations but less inter-individual variability and more consistent concentrations over time. • Diseased birds do not have lower plasma concentrations as healthy birds, concentrations may even be higher.
Fig2. Plasma concentrations doxycycline in birds housed individually in mg/L
Fig3. Plasma concentrations doxycycline in birds housed in groups in mg/L
Fig4. Mean plasma concentrations doxycycline in birds housed individually in mg/L on slats and on bedding
Fig5. Mean plasma concentrations doxycycline in birds housed in groups in mg/L on slats and on bedding
Fig6. Mean plasma concentrations doxycycline in healthy and diseased birds housed individually in mg/L
Fig7. Mean plasma concentrations doxycycline in healthy and diseased birds housed in groups in mg/L
Discussion • Further analysis of the data is ongoing. • The data will be fit to a compartmental model using the population approach. • Currently, the data are not corrected for plasma protein binding. * The target of AUC24SS/MIC of 5 is based on literature and may be conservative, further research is necessary.
j.wiegel@gdanimalhealth.com www.gdanimalhealth.com
GD2678/09-22