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Dendrocoelum (Dendirocoelides) Benazzii N. Sp. from the Cave of Stiffe (Abruzzo) Rinaldo Del Papa
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Istituto di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata dell'UniversitĂ di Pisa Version of record first published: 14 Sep 2009
To cite this article: Rinaldo Del Papa (1973): Dendrocoelum (Dendirocoelides) Benazzii N. Sp. from the Cave of Stiffe (Abruzzo), Bolletino di zoologia, 40:3-4, 253-259 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250007309429240
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Boll. ZOO^., 40: 253-259, 1973
DENDROCOEL Uill (DENDROCOELIDES) BENAZZII N.SP. FRO11 THE CAVE OF STIFFE (ABRUZZO)
RINALDO DEL PAPA Istituto di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata dell’Universith di Pisa
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(received Illarcli 8, 1873)
INTRODUCTION
The Deizdrocoelutn subject of this paper comes from the cave of Stifle (S. Demetrio n6 Vestini, L’Aquila, Abruzzo, m G05) where it was found by Dr. 1’. Sbordoni on 80th June 1071. Several specimens, fixed and preserved in alcohol at ‘700, were sent t o Prof. BENAZZI, who kindly entrustcd them to me for determination. On macroscopic examination of one of the specimens it mas immediately apparent that m e mere dealing with a typical troglobiont as it was both blind and completely devoid of pigment. Its measurements mere relatively small, about 10 mm in length and about 4 mm in width. Dr. SBORDONI had also sent live specimens, which howcver had not withstood laboratory conditions. An attempt was made to prepare the specimens wliole in order t o examine and count the number of intestinal branches, but as the nnimals had become excessively curved during fixation, they fragmented and therefore could not be examined in this may. Among the samples sent, I chose for histological prcparatioii thc ones which appeared flatter and more sexually mature ; four of these samples mere embedded in parafin, sectioned a t a thickness of 8 p, stained with haemotoxilin of Ehrlich and eosin and mounted in Canada balsam. I then used tlie two specimens which proved t o be most suitable for tlie present study.
hIORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The pharynx is very voluminous and the alimentary pore is found a t about the level of the copulatory bursa ; in one specimen a part of the pharynx was inserted between the copulatory bursa and the. bulb of the
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musculo-glandular organ. Examination of the internal musculature of t h e pharynx confirms that this triclad belongs t o the family Dendrocoelidae. The testes are numerous and mainly ventral, but can also be found in the dorsal region and in the median zone of the animal ; they stretch from immediately behind the ovaries and almost reach the caudal extremity of the animal. These testes show the various phases of spermatogcncsis and the presence of numerous spermatozoa confirms the full maturity of the animal. The male copulatory apparatus is a muscular penis, in the form of a long cylindrical papilla and a voluminous bulb containing a very wide seminal vesicle which continues into a n ejaculatory duct opening into the apex of the papilla. The cavities are lined by a thin epithelium. The vesicle is filled with a mass of eosinophilous secretion. The organ shows no traces of flagclla. The deferents are inserted laterally into the seminal vesicle. The musculo-glandular organ situated ventrally from thc penis is also very voluminous, pear-shaped a n t i t projects from the genital pore which opens o u t posteriorly a t a point about two thirds along the length of the animal; i t is positioned almost parallel to the penis with a wide cavity and has a very powerful musculature.
cga co I
I
\ Fig. 1
- cb = copulatory
ma
bc I
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I I mgo
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y I I
ed
I
I ! I ' I ' dc s'v
I I I I
I
cb
bursa ; sv = seminal vcsiclc ; dc = dcfcrcnt canal ; cd = ejaculatory duct ; rngo = musculo-glandular organ ; bc = bursa canal ; ma = male atrium ; co = common oviduct ; cgn = common gcnitnl atrium.
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The female reproductory apparatus is formed by a copulatory bursa which occupies the whole width of the animal and is lined by R rather thin epithelium followed by a rather narrow canal with few muscular fibres and lias several constrictions espccially in its last stretch where it then becomes more muscular and lined by a rather thin epithelium. The rather long male atrium is funnel-shaped and is narrow undcrneath the penis. In the last stretch it consists of a rather thick musculature and particularly the fibres of its median region are powerful ;it is lined with a simple epithelium in the superior tract, multistratified all along the length of the thin canal, At the level of its opening into the common atrium i t receives only one very short oviduct, as the oviducts join just before they open out into the atrium. In this region there is a large mass of eosinophilous glands (of tlie shcll).
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
On the basis of the above described characteristics I can safely atattribute my planarian to the subgenus Dendrocoelides (DE BEAUCITAMP 1010), given the simplicity of thc copulatory system and the absence of flagella. It is not, however, possible t o identify it with any known spccies, because of the fact that the muscular penis has a very large seminal vesicle and instead the male atrium is rather narrow ; besides there cannot bc seen any smelling or strong muscular development at the tip of the bursa canal, but only simple constrictions and a light increase in muscular fibres. The deferents are inserted laterally into the seminal vesicle. I retain it suitable to call this new species Dendrocoelutn (Dendrocoelides) benuzzii in gratitude t o Prof. BENAZZI for the material given me. As regards t o its systematic afinities I can say that the known Dendrocoelzrna species of the Italian caves are very different from our present species. Dendrocoelum (Dendrocoelides) italicunt VIALLI (1937) from the caves of Brescia has only dorsal tcstes which can be found just up t o the distal end of the pharynx, and its penis shows no distinction between bulb and free part; apart from these characteristics it is more similar to Dendrocoelides collini, n species which was found in the caves of Villanova (Udine) (DEL PAPA,1959). D. benuzzii is quite different from the other known Dendrocoelum, the one which was found in the cave of Cavassola (Liguria) i.e. Dendrocoelum beauchampi, which I also described (1052) and is more similar to Eudeiidrocoelum than to Dendrocoelidcs.
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As for the other known Dendrocoelides, a brief description follows of their geographical distribution and of their characteristics as compared to those of the species described in this paper. ALGERIA
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D. (Deizdrocoelides) vaillanti DE BEAUCHAMP 1954. It has two small eyes. The testes are rather small, the muscular part of the penis bulb is not very well developed, the male atrium is in the form of a long canal and the shell glands are not very well devclopcd. CZECHOSLIVAKIA
D. (Dendrocoelides) mrazeki (VEJDOVSKY, 1805). It lias a long penis with a retractile papilla, tlic defrents have their outlet in the middle of the seminal vesicle. The male atrium communicates with the common atrium through a pore. I wish to point out thdt this species has also been found in Austria and Germany. D. (Derzdrocoelides) carpatliicum KOJIAREK1926. It has a small pharynx. Tlic bursa canal is enlarged. This species is also found in Poland. FRANCE D. (Dendrocoetides) rcgnnrdi ( D E BEAUCIIAMP 1919). It has dorsal testes, its pcnis is short, it has a. long, narrow, male atrium, the posterior part of the bursa canal is enlarged. D . (Dendrococlides) tuzetne GOURDAULT, 1905. It has ventral testes, a simple and parenchymarose penis, the oviduct is long. D. (Dendrocoetides) burbei DE BEAUCIIAMP, 1956. The testes are generally dorsal, the common oviduct longitudinally positioned, there are few shell 'glands. D . (Deizdrocoelides) Zescherae GOUIIDAULT,1070. It has two small cyes. The testes arc more frequently dorsal, tlie penial epithelium is raised and papillous. D. (Dendrocoelides) coifluti DE BEAUCIIANP, 195G. It has two very small cyes, the testes are prevalently dorsal. Tile pcnis is short and muscular. Sometimes a communication between the genital and the intestinal tracts can be found at the level of tlic bursa canal. D. (Dcndrococlides) colliizi (DE BEAUCHAMP 1919). It has ventral or dorsal testes, the penis is tubular, the deferents have their outlet at the base of thc wide scminal vesicle ; tlie base of the bursa canal has a very powerful circular musculature ; the musculo-glandular organ has a sphe-
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rical shape. This species has also been-found in Belgium and as already said in Italy.
JUGOSLAVIA
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D. (Detzdrocoelides) spelaeum (KENE,1924). It has a very short musculo-glandular organ with a wide glandular cavity. D. (Dendrocoelides) kenki DE BEAucIrAMP, 1937. It has dorsal testes just up to the level of the copulatory bursa ; a diaphragm separates the two atria. D. (Deizdrocoelides) abditum KENK,1940. It has dorsal testes, a short penis bulb ; the bursa canal has very developed musculature.
LUSEMBURG D. (Deizdrocoelides) warnitnonti HOFFMAXN 1963. It has a very narrow seminal vesicle.
RUYAh’IA D. (Dendrocoelides) sphaerophallus (DE BEAUCIIAMP, 1929). It has an cllipsoidal-globular penis, showing a short vcntral canal with a circular sphincter for an orifice ; the bursa canal is very wide and lobed. D. (Dendrocoelides) chappuisi (DE BEAUCIIAMP, 1932). Its testes are most frequently dorsal ; it has narrow deferents, no real seminal vesicle, the bursa canal is enlarged a t its base. D. (Deizdrocoelides) clujaitum CODREANU 1943. It has dorsal testes, its defrents havc their outlet in the inferior part of the seminal vesicle. The communication between the male and the common atrium is very wide. D. (Dendrocoelides) recovitzai DE BEAUCIIAMP 1940. Its testes are dorsal, the common oviduct is very long, there is a wide communication between the two atria. D. (Dendrocoelides) banaticutia CODREANU8; BALCESCO 1967. Syn. D. (Dendrocoeliies) codreanui GOURBAULT1967. It has dorsal testes, the penis has a short bulb with weak fibres. The common oviduct is obstructed by the bursa canal. D. (Dziidrocoelides) atriostrictum and D. (Deiidrocoelides) debeauchampianum CODREAXU tk BALCESCO 19G7, according to Gourbault and de Beauchamp should perhaps be assigned to the preceding species. D. (Deiidrocoelides) tisinaiiae CODREANU 6; BALCESCO 1967 has a cylindrical penis with dorsal-ventral and circular fibres which cause a constriction at the middle of the papilla.
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D. (Dendrocoelides) polymorphunt CODREANU& BALCESCO 1967. Syn. D . (Dendrocoelides) orghidani GOURBAULT1067. It has dorsal testes and a penis with powerful radial musculature and a tubular shaped thickening. D. (Dentrocoelides) steiiophallus CODREANU& BALCESCO 1057. Syn. D. (Dendrocoelides) dumilrescuae GOURBAULT 1967. It has many testes limited to the prepharingeal region, its penis has a small bulbar region and a long papilla without a seminal vesicle, the deferents have their outlet in the lower part of the large ejaculatory duct. D. (Dendrocoelides)orghidani CODREANU& BALCESCO 1967 has a solid penis with a short bulb and a long spindle-shaped papilla. HUNGARY D. (Dendrocoelides) haiikoi (GELEI, 1027) has a short globular musculo-glandular organ.
*** Our planarian is the first dark-dwelling Dendrocoeluin reported to have been found in the caves of Abruzzo. The Iiolotype and threc pnrstypes are conserved in the Benazzi planarian collection at the Institute of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy of the University of Pisa.
RIASSUNTO Viene descritta una nuova specic di Dendrocoelidac oscuriculo e cieco, Dendrocoelum (Dendrocoelides) benaaii, i cui caratteri diffcrenziali pih tipici sono i segucnti : testicoli prcvalentementc ventrnli distribuiti per tutta la lunghezza del corpo, vescicola seminale molto ampia c defercnti che vi si inseriscono latero-ventralrnentc, penc con bulbo a muscolatura spessa, papilla cilindrim, atrio mascolino assai stretto, canale della borsa pressoche uniforme. fi questo il primo Dendrococlidac trovato in una grotta dell’Abruzzo.
SUMMARY A new species of a cavc-dwelling and blind Dendrocoelidae, i.e. Dcndrocoelum (Dendrocoelides) benauii, is described ; its most important differential characteristics ore :testes mainly ventral and distributed on the whole body Icngth, vcry large scminal vesicle, with laterally and ventrally inserted deferents, the penis bulb with thick muscles, cylindrical papilla, rather narrow male atrium and a n almost uniform bursa canal. This is the first specimen of Dendrococlidae found in a cave of the Abruzzi region.
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