GISAP: Earth and Space Sciences №9

Page 1

GISAP

*,6$3

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

,QWHUQDWLRQDO $FDGHP\ RI 6FLHQFH DQG +LJKHU (GXFDWLRQ /RQGRQ 8QLWHG .LQJGRP ÉŠ /LEHUDO _'HFHPEHU *OREDO ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6FLHQWLILF $QDO\WLFDO 3URMHFW

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

Expert board: Naqibullo Babayev (Uzbekistan), Dani Sarsekova (Kazakhstan), Paolo Simone (Italy), Asfan Asgari-Lemel (Iran, France).

Dear readers! 0RWKHU (DUWKÂŤ 7KH ZRUOG NQRZQ WR XVÂŤ 2I FRXUVH ÂłNQRZQ´ RQO\ WR WKH YHU\ UHODWLYH H[WHQW :H KDYH VR OLWWOH LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW the cradle of our existence that it would be groundless to think of completeness of our knowledge about boundless Universe. :H DOO XQGHUVWDQG TXDQWLWDWLYH DQG TXDOLWDWLYH OLPLWV RI LQIRUPDWLRQDO UHVRXUFHV RI PDQNLQG EXW DW WKH VDPH WLPH WKLV FLUFXPVWDQFH GRHVQÂśW PDNH WKH VRFLHW\ ZRUU\ +LVWRULFDO SUDFWLFH WHVWLÂżHV WKDW OLPLWHG NQRZOHGJH LV QRW D SUREOHP IRU WKH PDQNLQG ,W LV QHLWKHU good nor bad. It is just the reality, natural circumstance accompanying civilizations on the way of their development. Does it mean WKDW NQRZOHGJH LVQÂśW QHFHVVDU\" ,V LW H[FHVVLYH" 1R ZD\ :LWKRXW XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW IHDWXUHV RI REMHFWLYH UHDOLW\ and ways of interaction with it a person has no future. But without aspiration to comprehension of unknown people are vulnerable HYHQ PRUH 7KHUH DUH DOZD\V D ORW RI XQNQRZQ WKLQJV DURXQG XV (YROXWLRQDU\ GHYHORSPHQW RI QDWXUDO DQG LQWHQVLÂżFDWLRQ RI VRFLDO processes of the modern period continuously expand the informational vacuum in human knowledge. This is true even despite of VFLHQWLÂżF GHYHORSPHQW WHFKQLFDO SURJUHVV ZLGHQLQJ RI WHFKQLTXHV RI VDWLVIDFWLRQ RI WKH VRFLHW\ÂśV JURZLQJ GHPDQGVÂŤ 6XSSRVHGO\ GXULQJ HYHU\ KLVWRULFDO SHULRG WKH GHÂżFLHQF\ RI KXPDQ NQRZOHGJH LQ DSSUR[LPDWHO\ LGHQWLFDO SURSRUWLRQ FRUUHVSRQGV to the potential opportunity to discover such knowledge by the society - objective possibility to discover it. And our current LQWHOOHFWXDO RSSRUWXQLWLHV DUH DOZD\V LQVLJQLÂżFDQW LQ FRPSDULVRQ WR WKH KXJH OLVW RI TXHVWLRQV Âą UHIHUHQFH SRLQWV RI NQRZOHGJH ,Q WKLV FRQWH[W VFDOHV RI WKLV GHÂżFLHQF\ DUH HYROXWLRQDULO\ LGHQWLFDO DW DOO WLPHV $V RXU KRUL]RQV EHFRPH ZLGHU WKH\ KLJKOLJKW informational gaps and unresolved problems on larger and larger scale. Ignorance and never-ending process of cognition – this is our destiny‌ If existence of human civilization isn’t shortened by apocalyptic events, only the loss of aspiration to discover will be able to stop us.

Thomas Morgan Head of the IASHE International Projects Department December 24, 2015

*,6$3 (DUWK DQG 6SDFH 6FLHQFHV Ę‹ /LEHUDO 'HFHPEHU

Chief Editor – J.D., Prof., Acad. V.V. Pavlov Copyright Š 2016 IASHE ,661 ,661 ; 2QOLQH

Design: Yury Skoblikov, Helena Grigorieva, Alexander Stadnichenko Published and printed by the International Academy of Science and Higher Education (IASHE) 1 Kings Avenue, London, N21 3NA, United Kingdom 3KRQH ( PDLO RIÂżFH#JLVDS HX :HE KWWS JLVDS HX

!

1R SDUW RI WKLV PDJD]LQH LQFOXGLQJ WH[W LOOXVWUDWLRQV RU DQ\ RWKHU HOHPHQWV PD\ EH XVHG RU UHSURGXFHG LQ DQ\ ZD\ ZLWKRXW WKH SHUPLVVLRQ RI WKH SXEOLVKHU RU DQG WKH DXWKRU RI WKH DSSURSULDWH DUWLFOH

Print journal circulation: 1000 “ Âą /LEHUDO Âą WKH LVVXH EHORQJV WR WKH LQLWLDO VWDJH RI WKH MRXUQDO IRXQGDWLRQ EDVHG RQ VFLHQWLÂżFDOO\ UHDVRQDEOH EXW TXLWH OLEHUDO HGLWRULDO policy of selection of materials. The next stage of development of the journal (“Professionalâ€?) involves strict professional reviewing and DGPLVVLRQ RI SXUHO\ KLJK TXDOLW\ RULJLQDO VFLHQWLÂżF VWXGLHV RI DXWKRUV IURP DURXQG WKH ZRUOG´

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

CONTENTS 3 .RORGL\ 0 3ɨGO\SQD\D Lviv National Agrarian University, Ukraine PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION OF THE GEOINFORMATION MODEL OF TERRITORY ZONING USING THE LANDSAT SATELLITE DATA BY MEANS OF ERDAS IMAGINE SOFTWARE ......................................................3 Yu. Dubrovsky, Institute for Evolutionary Ecology NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine, 9 7\WDU I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine CHANGES IN THE DYNAMICS OF WEATHER CONDITIONS AND BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITY OF ANIMALS ON THE DAY OF THE TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE OF AUGUST 1, 2008 ...................................................................7 $ 1DEL\HY 1 *XUVKDGOL 1 6DIDUDOL\HYD 7 *DVLPRYD $\ 1DMDIRYD / (\\XEOX 7 $OODKYHUGL\HYD $\ 0DPPDG]DGD 1 0XVWDID\HYD $\ <XVXERYD 1 $OL\HYD 6 $GLORYD ) $OL\HYD Baku State University, Azerbaijan COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE FEATURES OF THE MINOR CAUCASUS (INCLUDING NAKHCHIVAN IN THE AZERBAIJAN TERRITORY) AND THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, USA (DEATH VALLEY AND THE MOJAVE DESERT) FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM ECONOMY .........................11 $ 1DEL\HY $ %D\UDPRY 1 *XUVKDGOL 8 0DNKDQNRYD $ 6XOH\PDQRYD 1 *DUDOL $\ 0DPPDG]DGH 1 $EDVRYD 1 'MDIDURY 1 $OL\HYD 1 <X]EDVKRYD 5 0DNKPXGOX * =DO Baku State University, Azerbaijan COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION IN AZERBAIJAN AND IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, USA................................................................................................................................................................................................13 $ 1DEL\HY 1 $JKD\HYD 7 6KDPLO]DGH 6K +XPEDWRYD / 1H]LURYD ( 0XVD]DGH 6 $JD\HYD . *XOL\HYD 5 9HOL\HYD 0 0DPPDGRYD 1 (\YD]OL = $OODK\DURYD 8 5]DJXOX]DGH 1 $KPHGRY $\ 0DPPDG]DGH Baku State University, Azerbaijan COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FISH FARMING IN AZERBAIJAN AND THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, USA...............19 ' 6DUVHNRYD Kazakh State Agrotechnical University named after S. Seyfullin, Kazakhstan QUICK-GROWING TREE SPECIES IN THE ASTANA CITY GREEN ZONE......................................................................................22 0 6X\XQFKDOL\HYD Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan INNOVATIVE METHODS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FORMATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN ........................................................................................................................................................................................................25 ' 6DUVHNRYD Kazakh State Agrotechnical University named after S. Seyfullin, Kazakhstan ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF SOILS OF THE SARYARKINSK DISTRICT OF THE ASTANA CITY FOR THE WOOD USEFULNESS DEGREE ASSESSMENT..........................................................................................................................29 9 &KHUQ\DN 1ÉšWLRQDO 0LQLQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ 8NUDLQH SPECTRAL AND HARMONIC ANALYSIS IN CLASSIFICATION AND STRUCTURING OF DATA.......................................33

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

CONTENTS Ʉɨɥɨɞɢɣ ɉ ɉ ɉɨɞɥɢɩɧɚɹ Ɇ ɉ Ʌɶɜɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ ɉɊȺɄɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ȼɇȿȾɊȿɇɂə ȽȿɈɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈɃ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ɁɈɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɌȿɊɊɂɌɈɊɂɂ ɋ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ ȾȺɇɇɕɏ ɋɉɍɌɇɂɄȺ /$1'6$7 ɋ ɉɈɆɈɓɖɘ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɇɈȽɈ ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑȿɇɂə (5'$6 ,0$*,1(.........................................................................................................................................................................3 Dubrovsky Yu., Institute for Evolutionary Ecology NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine, 7\WDU 9 I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine CHANGES IN THE DYNAMICS OF WEATHER CONDITIONS AND BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITY OF ANIMALS ON THE DAY OF THE TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE OF AUGUST 1, 2008 ...................................................................7 1DEL\HY $ $ *XUVKDGOL 1 1 6DIDUDOL\HYD 1 $ *DVLPRYD 7 9 1DMDIRYD $\ 6K (\\XEOX / % $OODKYHUGL\HYD 7 * 0DPPDG]DGD $\ 9 0XVWDID\HYD 1 6 <XVXERYD $\ , $OL\HYD 1 $ $GLORYD 6 $ $OL\HYD ) 6 Baku State University, Azerbaijan COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE FEATURES OF THE MINOR CAUCASUS (INCLUDING NAKHCHIVAN IN THE AZERBAIJAN TERRITORY) AND THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, USA (DEATH VALLEY AND THE MOJAVE DESERT) FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM ECONOMY .........................11 1DEL\HY $ $ %D\UDPRY $ 6 *XUVKDGOL 1 1 0DNKDQNRYD 8 5 6XOH\PDQRYD $ ) *DUDOL 1 0 0DPPDG]DGH $\ 9X $EDVRYD 1 $ 'MDIDURY 1 ' $OL\HYD 1 $ <X]EDVKRYD 1 6K 0DNKPXGOX 5 * =DO * Baku State University, Azerbaijan COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION IN AZERBAIJAN AND IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, USA................................................................................................................................................................................................13 1DEL\HY $ $ $JKD\HYD 1 1 6KDPLO]DGH 7 +XPEDWRYD 6K <X 1H]LURYD / $\ 0XVD]DGH ( $ $JD\HYD 6 $ *XOL\HYD . 1 9HOL\HYD 5 , 0DPPDGRYD 0 $ (\YD]OL 1 6 $OODK\DURYD = $ 5]DJXOX]DGH 8 5 $KPHGRY 1 5 0DPPDG]DGH $\ 9X Baku State University, Azerbaijan COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FISH FARMING IN AZERBAIJAN AND THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, USA...............19 ɋɚɪɫɟɤɨɜɚ Ⱦ ɇ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɚɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ ɋ ɋɟɣɮɭɥɥɢɧɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ȻɕɋɌɊɈɊȺɋɌɍɓɂȿ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕȿ ɉɈɊɈȾɕ ȼ ɁȿɅȿɇɈɃ ɁɈɇȿ ɝ ȺɋɌȺɇȺ.............................................................................22 &ɭɸɧɱDɥɢɟɜD Ɇ Ɇ ɄDɡDɯFɤɢɣ ɇDɰɢRɧDɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪFɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ Dɥɶ ɎDɪDɛɢ ɄDɡDɯFɬDɧ ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə ȼ ɊȿɋɉɍȻɅɂɄȿ ɄȺɁȺɏɋɌȺɇ ..............................................................................................................................................................................25 ɋɚɪɫɟɤɨɜɚ Ⱦ ɇ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɚɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ ɋ ɋɟɣɮɭɥɥɢɧɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽ ɉɈɑȼ ɋȺɊɕȺɊɄɂɇɋɄɈȽɈ ɊȺɃɈɇȺ ȽɈɊɈȾȺ ȺɋɌȺɇɕ ȾɅə ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ɋɌȿɉȿɇɂ ɅȿɋɈɉɊɂȽɈȾɇɈɋɌɂ ........................................................................................................................................29 ɑɟɪɧɹɤ ȼ ɂ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ ɋɉȿɄɌɊȺɅɖɇɈ ȽȺɊɆɈɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ȼ ɄɅȺɋɋɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɂ ɂ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɂɊɈȼȺɇɂɂ ȾȺɇɇɕɏ ............33

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION OF THE GEOINFORMATION MODEL OF TERRITORY ZONING USING THE LANDSAT SATELLITE DATA BY MEANS OF ERDAS IMAGINE SOFTWARE

ɉɊȺɄɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ȼɇȿȾɊȿɇɂə ȽȿɈɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈɃ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ɁɈɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɌȿɊɊɂɌɈɊɂɂ ɋ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ ȾȺɇɇɕɏ ɋɉɍɌɇɂɄȺ /$1'6$7 ɋ ɉɈɆɈɓɖɘ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɇɈȽɈ ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑȿɇɂə (5'$6 IMAGINE

P. Kolodiy, Candidate of Economics, Doctoral Candidate 0 3ɨGO\SQD\D 3RVWJUDGXDWH 6WXGHQW /YLY 1DWLRQDO $JUDULDQ 8QLYHUVLW\ 8NUDLQH

Ʉɨɥɨɞɢɣ ɉ ɉ ɤɚɧɞ ɷɤɨɧ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬ ɉɨɞɥɢɩɧɚɹ Ɇ ɉ ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ Ʌɶɜɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ

7KH ODQG ]RQLQJ LV GLVFORVHG LQ WKLV DUWLFOH DV D IDFWRU DIIHFWLQJ WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI IDYRUDEOH HQYLURQPHQW IRU SODQQHG DQG VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH ODQG XVH WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI WKH HQYLURQPHQWDOO\ VDIH DQG HFRQRPLFDOO\ HI¿FLHQW ODQG XVH 7KH UROH RI DSSOLFDWLRQ RI PHWKRGV RI GLVWDQW ODQG ]RQLQJ XVLQJ WKH /$1'6$7 VDWHOOLWH LQIRUPDWLRQ ZLWK WKH KHOS RI WKH (5'$6 ,PDJLQH VRIWZDUH LV DOVR FRQVLGHUHG %HVLGHV WKH DXWKRU VXEVWDQWLDWHG WKH H[SHGLHQF\ RI XVLQJ WKH /$1'6$7 VDWHOOLWH LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ DSSOLFDWLRQ RI QHZ DSSURDFKHV WR WKH VROXWLRQ RI D QXPEHU RI WKHPDWLF WDVNV .H\ZRUGV ODQG ]RQLQJ HFRQRPLFDOO\ HI¿FLHQW ODQG XVH ]RQLQJ PHWKRGV XVLQJ WKH /$1'6$7 VDWHOOLWH LQIRUPDWLRQ ZLWK WKH KHOS RI WKH (5'$6 ,PDJLQH VRIWZDUH .

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɨ ɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ /$1'6$7 ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (5'$6 ,PDJLQH Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ /$1'6$7 ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ /$1'6$7 ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (5'$6 ,PDJLQH

&RQIHUHQFH SDUWLFLSDQWV 1DWLRQDO 5HVHDUFK $QDO\WLFV &KDPSLRQVKLS

ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɟ

'LJLWDO 2EMHFW ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQ KWWS G[ GRL RUJ JLVDS HVV Y L 1

ȼ

ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ Ɇɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɫɬɚɜɹɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ȾɁɁ Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ LDQGVDW ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (5'$6 ,PDJLQH

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɫɟɪɜɢɫ 86*6 ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɋɒȺ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵH ɫɧɢɦɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɛɟɡ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɠɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ /DQGVDW ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɬɨɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ Ɂɟɦɥɹ ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɢɡ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ /DQGVDW ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧ ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ ɝɨɞɭ Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ /DQGVDW ɫɞɟɥɚɥɨ ɦɢɥɥɢɚɪɞ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɋɧɢɦɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ /DQGVDW ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ

ɫ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɦ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ (5'$6 ,PDJLQH Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɧɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɦ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɬɚɤɥɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɪɟɞɢ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɜ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɭ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɥɚɡ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬ Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɧɨ ɫɢɧɢɯ ɢ ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɋɢɧɢɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɵɥɢ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɯ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɗɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɝɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɧɟɛɨ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɟ Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɫɢɧɸɸ ɞɵɦɤɭ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɦɨɬɪɢɬ ɜ ɧɟɛɨ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɞɧɟɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ /DQGVDW ɫɦɨɬɪɢɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɫ ɱɟɪɟɡ

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɗɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɨɞɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɗɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɜɟɳɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɵɦ ɗɬɨɬ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɶɟ ɢ ɦɟɥɶɱɚɣɲɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɩɵɥɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ /DQGVDW ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɢɧɢɣ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɵ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɧɢɦɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɫɟɬɤɭ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɤ Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɶɸ ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɥɭɱɢ Ʌɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɜ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɥɢɠɧɟɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɛɥɢɠɧɢɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɢɥɢ 1,5 1HDU ,QIUDUHG ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɟɧ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɟɟ ȼɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ 1'9, 1RUPDOL]HG 'LIIHUHQFH 9HJHWDWLRQ ,QGH[ ɷɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɉɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɦɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɜɢɞɢɦɭɸ ɡɟɥɟɧɶ Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɭɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɥɭɱɢ Ʌɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɜ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɜɢɞɢɦɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɝɥɚɡɭ ɢ ɛɥɢɠɧɟɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɫɧɟɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɤ-

ɪɨɜɨɦ ɪɨɡɨɜɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ ɫ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɱɬɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦɭ ɭɪɨɠɚɸ Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɂɄ ɢɥɢ 6:,5 ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɫɭɯɭɸ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɭɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɧɟɝ ɢ ɜɨɞɭ ɇɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɨɜ ɫɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɭɟɦ ɱɟɬɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɭ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɉɨɥɭɱɢɜ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɶɹɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɢɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɜɨɞɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɠɟɥɬɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ 6:,5 ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɫɭɯɭɸ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɨɬ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ ɤ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɤɨɬɨ-

ɪɵɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɥɚɡ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɋ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (5'$6 ,PDJLQH ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɹ ɩɨɥɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɝɞɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɡɨɜɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɫɧɟɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɦ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɫɢɧɢɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ ɡɨɧɵ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɹɪɤɨ ɠɟɥɬɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ ȼ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ (5'$6 ,PDJLQH ɡɚɞɚɟɦ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɩɨɥɹ 352),/( ɢ ɩɨɥɹ 352),/( ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ 352),/( ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ 63(.75$/ 352),/( IRU ZLQWHU Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ

Ɋɢɫ ɇɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɞ ɫɧɟɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɦ

Ɋɢɫ ɋɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

ɋɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɨɜ 5HIHUHQFHV Ɋɢɫ 63(.75$/ 352),/( IRU ZLQWHU ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (5'$6 ,PDJLQH ɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɥɢ ɫɜɟɠɢɣ ɫɧɢɦɨɤ /DQGVDW ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ± ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ 'LJLWDO *OREH ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɱɟɬɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɨɪɚɡɢɥ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɡɟɦɥɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɟ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ ȼ ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɨɜɨɦ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ ɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɉɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɦɨɤ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ©ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟª ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ȾɁɁ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɬ ©ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɣª ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɗɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ ODQGVDW ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (5'$6 ,PDJLQH ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Ƚɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ ODQGVDW ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ

%DUODGɿQ 2 9 *RURGHF¶NLM ȯ 0 0LNROHQNR / ȱ 9LNRULVWDQQMD '== Y ɿQIRUPDFɿMQLK VLVWHPDK ]HPHO¶QRJR NDGDVWUX >7KH XVH RI UHPRWH VHQVLQJ in cadaster information systems]., .DUWRJUDIɿMD WD YLVKKD VKNROD ]EɿUQLN QDXNRYLK SUDF¶ >&DUWRJUDSK\ DQG KLJKHU HGXFDWLRQ FROOHFWLRQ RI VFLHQWL¿F UHSRUWV@ ± .\LY ȱQVWLWXW SHUHGRYLK WHKQRORJɿM >$GYDQFHG WHFKQRORJ\ LQVWLWXWH@ ,VVXH '193 ©*HRVLVWHPDª 6WYRUHQQMD JHRɿQIRUPDFɿMQLK VLVWHP Uɿ]QRJR UɿYQMD ] YLNRULVWDQQMDP NRVPɿFKQLK ]QɿPNɿY >&UHDWLQJ *,6 RI GLIIHUHQW OHYHOV XVLQJ VDWHOOLWH LPDJHV@ >RQOLQH UHVRXUFH@ $FFHVV PRGH KWWS JHRVLVWHPD EXVLQHVV JXLGH FRP XD LUELV QEXY JRY XD 3RSRY 0 2 6KOMDKL RWULPDQQMD NRVPɿFKQRʀ ɿQIRUPDFɿʀ Y ɿQWHUHVDK QDFɿRQDO¶QRʀ EH]SHNL ɿ RERURQL >2EWDLQLQJ VSDFH LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ WKH LQWHUHVWV RI QDWLRQDO VHFXULW\ DQG GHIHQVH@ 1DXND ɿ RERURQD >6FLHQFH DQG GHIHQVH@ 1R SS 8NU

$U]XDJD &UX] ( -LPHQH] 5RGULJXH] / 2 DQG 9HOH] 5H\HV 0 8QVXSHUYLVHG )HDWXUH ([WUDFWLRQ DQG

Ɋɢɫ Ɇɨɞɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

%DQG 6XEVHW 6HOHFWLRQ 7HFKQLTXHV %DVHG RQ 5HODWLYH (QWURS\ &ULWHULD IRU +\SHUVSHFWUDO 'DWD $QDO\VLV 3URF 63,( 9RO SS

Ȟɇȟɉ ŠȽÉ&#x;ɨɍɢɍɏÉ&#x;Ɍɚª É‹ÉŹÉœɨɪÉ&#x;ɧɧɚ É?É&#x;ɨɿɧɎɨɪɌÉšɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɍɢɍɏÉ&#x;ÉŚ ɪɿɥɧɨÉ?ɨ ÉŞÉżÉœɧɚ ÉĄ ÉœɢɤɨɪɢɍɏÉšɧɧɚɌ ɤɨɍɌɿɹɧɢɯ ɥɧɿɌɤɿÉœ >É&#x;ÉĽÉ&#x;ɤɏɪɨɧɧɢɣ ÉŞÉ&#x;ÉŤÉ­ÉŞÉŤ@ ÉŠÉ&#x;É É˘ÉŚ ÉžɨɍɏɭɊɭ KWWS JHRVLVWHPD EXVLQHVV JXLGH FRP XD LUELV QEXY JRY XD ɉɨɊɨÉœ Ɇ Ɉ É’ɼɚɯɢ ɨɏɪɢɌÉšɧɧɚ ɤɨɍɌɿɹɧɨĘ€ ɿɧɎɨɪɌɚɰɿʀ Éœ ɿɧɏÉ&#x;ÉŞÉ&#x;ɍɚɯ ɧÉšɰɿɨɧÉšɼɜɧɨĘ€ É›É&#x;ÉĄÉŠÉ&#x;ɤɢ Éż ɨÉ›ɨɪɨɧɢ ɇɚɭɤÉš Éż ɨÉ›ɨɪɨɧÉš 1R É‹ É?ɤɪ

$U]XDJD &UX] ( -LPHQH] 5RGULJXH] / 2 DQG 9HOH] 5H\HV 0 8QVXSHUYLVHG )HDWXUH ([WUDFWLRQ DQG %DQG 6XEVHW 6HOHFWLRQ 7HFKQLTXHV

É…ɢɏÉ&#x;ɪɚɏɭɪɚ ȝɚɪɼɚɞɿɧ Ɉ Čź ȽɨɪɨÉžÉ&#x;ɰɜɤɢɣ ČŻ Ɇ ɆɢɤɨɼÉ&#x;ɧɤɨ É… Čą ȟɢɤɨɪɢɍɏÉšɧɧɚ ČžÉ É Éœ ɿɧɎɨɪɌÉšɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɍɢɍɏÉ&#x;Ɍɚɯ ÉĄÉ&#x;ÉŚÉ&#x;ɼɜɧɨÉ?ɨ ɤɚɞɚɍɏɪɭ É„ÉšɪɏɨÉ?ÉŞÉšɎɿɚ ÉŹÉš ÉœɢɳÉš ɲɤɨɼÉš ÉĄÉ›ɿɪɧɢɤ ɧÉšɭɤɨÉœɢɯ Ɋɪɚɰɜ Âą É„ɢĘ€Éœ ȹɧɍɏɢɏɭɏ ÉŠÉ&#x;ÉŞÉ&#x;ÉžɨÉœɢɯ ÉŹÉ&#x;ɯɧɨɼɨÉ?ɿɣ Âą ȟɢɊ

CERTIFICATION ÂŤICSQ-775Âť Standart certification Operative certification

PATENTING IOSCEAAD-775 Standart patenting Operative patenting

ACCREDITATION Authoritative accreditation Procedural accreditation Status accreditation Membership accreditation Expert accreditation

http://academy.iuci.eu

%DVHG RQ 5HODWLYH (QWURS\ &ULWHULD IRU +\SHUVSHFWUDO 'DWD $QDO\VLV 3URF 63,( 9RO SS ,QIRUPDWLRQ DERXW DXWKRUV 1. Pavel Kolodiy - Candidate of Economics, Doctoral Candidate, /YLY 1DWLRQDO $JUDULDQ 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV 8NUDLQH /YLY FLW\ H PDLO SDYORBNS#PDLO UX 0DULQD 3ɨGO\SQD\ 3RVWJUDGXDWH 6WXGHQW /YLY 1DWLRQDO $JUDULDQ 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV 8NUDLQH 9LQQLWVD FLW\ H PDLO PDUL S S#PDLO UX

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

8 ' &

CHANGES IN THE DYNAMICS OF WEATHER CONDITIONS AND BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITY OF ANIMALS ON THE DAY OF THE TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE OF AUGUST 1, 2008 <X 'XEURYVN\1, Scientist V. Tytar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¶V VXUIDFH LOOXPLQDWLRQ YLRODWLRQ RI SKRWRSHULRG ZHDWKHU FRQGLWLRQV G\QDPLFV GDLO\ DFWLYLW\ of animals. &RQIHUHQFH SDUWLFLSDQWV 1DWLRQDO FKDPSLRQVKLS LQ VFLHQWL¿F DQDO\WLFV 2SHQ (XURSHDQ DQG $VLDQ UHVHDUFK DQDO\WLFV FKDPSLRQVKLS 'LJLWDO 2EMHFW ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQ KWWS G[ GRL RUJ JLVDS HVV Y L 2

QWURGXFWLRQ The intensity and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¶V VXUIDFH DUH RI JUHDW VFLHQWL¿F YDOXH 6WDWXV RI WKH FXUUHQW UHVHDUFK DQG JRDOV $ WRWDO HFOLSVH RI WKH 6XQ LV D YHU\ UDUH HYHQW IRU D JLYHQ JHRJUDSKLFDO ORFDWLRQ DQG LW LV QRW HDV\ WR SUHGLFW WKH UHDFWLRQ RI DQLPDOV WR VXFK HYHQWV WKXV PRUH GDWD LV UHTXLUHG WKRXJK WKH YROXPH RI OLWHUDWXUH FRQFHUQLQJ WKH WRSLF LV JURZLQJ HYHU\ \HDU > @ +RZHYHU WKH OLWHUDU\ VRXUFHV DUH LVRODWHG DQG GR QRW LQFOXGH HYHQ WKH SRVVLEOH HIIHFWV LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH PDMRU QDWXUDO areas. Not all of the effects observed are H[SUHVVHG LQ FRPSDUDEOH GLJLWDO YDOXHV ,Q DGGLWLRQ TXDQWLWDWLYH HVWLPDWHV RI WKH FRQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH REWDLQHG YDOXHV DUH DEVHQW ZLWK UDUH H[FHSWLRQV > @ 7KH SXUSRVH RI WKLV ZRUN LV WR VWXG\ WKH FKDQJHV RI WKH DWPRVSKHUH VWDWH DQG the daily activity of animals associated ZLWK WKH IXOO VRODU HFOLSVH RI $XJXVW

I

LQFOXGLQJ WKH VWDWLVWLFDO DQDO\VLV RI WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH YDOXHV obtained. On the techniques of observation. &KDQJHV RI LOOXPLQDWLRQ L RI SHUPDQHQW DUHDV RI WKH (DUWK¶V VXUIDFH ZHUH UHFRUGHG RQ WKH VFDOH RI WKH SKRWR H[SRVXUH PHWHU ³É˜ ´ WKH WHPSHUDWXUH Wƒ& ZDV PHDVXUHG LQ WKH VKDGH DW WKH VRLO VXUIDFH ZLQG VSHHG Y DW D KHLJKW RI P XVLQJ WKH LQHUWLDO DUHRPHWHU ³ȺÉŠÉ‚´ 1XPEHUV RI EXWWHUÀLHV / DQG EHHV $ À\LQJ ZHUH DVVHVVHG RQ a conventional basis. The correlation FRHI¿FLHQWV EHWZHHQ WKHVH SDUDPHWHUV ZHUH FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ WKH 3DVW VRIWZDUH 2EVHUYDWLRQ UHVXOWV 2Q WKH WRWDO HFOLSVH SDWWHUQ The VN\ GXULQJ WKH HFOLSVH ZDV DFWXDOO\ FOHDU DQG FORXGOHVV YLVLELOLW\ ± H[FHOOHQW 7KH VRODU FURZQ DSSHDUHG VHFRQGV EHIRUH WKH WRWDO SKDVH WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH REVHUYHG SKHQRPHQRQ RI WKH VR FDOOHG ³GLDPRQG ULQJ´ 'XULQJ WKH WRWDO SKDVH WKH ORFDOLW\ ZDV LQ WKH GDUN WZLOLJKW ,OOXPLQDWLRQ ZDV WKH VDPH DV RQ DIWHU WKH VXQVHW L 3ODLQ WH[W OLQHV ZHUH FOHDUO\ YLVLEOH EXW VRPH OHWWHUV DQG ZRUGV QRW UHFRJQL]DEOH $ORQJVLGH ZLWK WKH GDUNHQHG OXPLQDU\ 9HQXV DQG 0HUFXU\ ZHUH FOHDUO\ YLVLEOH KRZHYHU VWDUV ZHUH QRW FRQ¿GHQWO\ REVHUYHG $ JORZ ULQJ VKRQH LQ WKH QRUWKHUQ SDUW RI WKH VN\ WKH EULJKWHVW DUHD ZDV REVHUYHG ƒ WR WKH ULJKW RI WKH 6XQ &KDQJHV LQ WKH DWPRVSKHUH DQG EHKDYLRXU RI DQLPDOV GXULQJ WKH HFOLSVH 0HWHRURORJLFDO REVHUYDWLRQV RI FKDQJHV LQ LOOXPLQDWLRQ RI WKH (DUWK¶V

VXUIDFH SHUPDQHQW SORWV DLU WHPSHUDWXUH DQG ZLQG VSHHG ZHUH SHUIRUPHG RQ $XJXVW IURP WKH EHJLQQLQJ WLOO WKH HQG RI WKH HFOLSVH ZLWK DQ LQWHUYDO RI PLQ DQG DV WKH IXOO SKDVH ZDV DSSURDFKLQJ ± HYHU\ PLQXWHV &RQWDFW PRPHQWV 87 ÉŒ1 ÉŒ2 ÉŒPD[ ÉŒ3 ÉŒ 5HIHUHQFH GDWD UHODWHG WR WKH XVXDO GDLO\ G\QDPLFV RI WKHVH LQGLFDWRUV ZHUH REWDLQHG LQ WKH QG KDOI RI WKH GD\ RQ -XO\ DW WKH VDPH WLPH PRQLWRULQJ RI WKH daily activity of insects and animals ZDV SHUIRUPHG 7KH REVHUYDWLRQ SRLQW ƒ c8s 1 ƒ c10s E. The overall UHVXOWV DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ WKH 7DEOH )LIWHHQ PLQXWHV EHIRUH WKH WRWDO SKDVH WKHUH ZDV D PDUNHG UHGXFWLRQ RI OLJKW DLU WHPSHUDWXUH DQG ZLQG VSHHG 7KH QXPEHU RI LQVHFWV LQ ÀLJKW UHGXFHG HVSHFLDOO\ QRWLFHDEOH LQ UHODWLRQ WR EXWWHUÀLHV DQG EHHV VHH 7DEOH 1LQH PLQXWHV EHIRUH WKH WRWDO HFOLSVH VKDGRZV RQ VXEMHFWV EHJDQ WR ZDUS DQG FRORXU GHWDLOV RI WKH DUHD DSSHDUHG LQ JUH\ VLOYHU WRQHV $W WKH VDPH WLPH WKHUH ZDV D UDSLG ÀLJKW RI D ÀRFN RI URRNV WRZDUGV WKH QRUWKZHVW DFFRPSDQLHG E\ WKHLU FRQWLQXRXV FDZLQJ ZKLFK LV D IHDWXUH RI WKH GLVWXUEDQFH EHKDYLRXU $IWHU WKH URRNV D GHVRODWH KRRGHG FURZ DSSHDUHG LQ WKH VN\ ,W FKDQJHG WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI À\LQJ UDQGRPO\ DOO WKH WLPH )DUP DQLPDOV LQ WKH YLOODJH RI %RFKNDU\RYR NP IURP WKH REVHUYDWLRQ SRLQW VXEVLGHG KRZHYHU PLQ EHIRUH WKH WRWDO SKDVH WKHUH ZDV D ORXG UHVSRQVH IURP VKHHS DQG PLQ ± IURP FRZV 6LPXOWDQHRXVO\ WKHUH ZDV ORXG EDUNLQJ

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

7DEOH ,QGLFDWRUV RI WKH VWDWH RI WKH VXUIDFH OD\HUV RI WKH DWPRVSKHUH DQG DFWLYLW\ RI LQVHFWV LQ WKH RUGLQDU\ FRXUVH RI GDLO\ G\QDPLFV DQG GXULQJ WKH VRODU HFOLSVH ZKHUH L WKH LOOXPLQDWLRQ RI WKH (DUWK¶V VXUIDFH RQ WKH VFDOH RI WKH SKRWRPHWHU Wƒ WHPSHUDWXUH ƒ& Y ZLQG VSHHG P VHF / QXPEHU RI EXWWHUÀLHV LQ ÀLJKW $ WKH QXPEHU RI EHHV LQ ÀLJKW LQ WKH VHFWRUV RI VLPXOWDQHRXV YLVXDO LQVSHFWLRQ

31/07/2008 Ɍ

i

Wƒ

v

/

A

i

Wƒ

v

/

A

10,5

+31

2,0

8

9

10,5

+29

3,5

8

9

11,0

+31

2,0

8

9

10,5

+29

3,5

8

9

11,0

+31

2,0

8

9

10,5

+29

3,5

8

9

11,0

+30

2,5

8

9

9,5

+27

2,0

7

11,0

+30

2,0

8

9

8,5

+23

1,5

1

5

11,0

+30

2,0

8

9

+21

0,5

0

11,0

+30

2,0

8

9

5,0

+20

0,1

0

3

11,0

+30

2,0

8

9

8,0

+20

0,5

0

3

10,5

+30

2,0

8

9

9,5

+20

1,5

0

5

+29

2,5

8

9

10,2

+21

1,0

2

10,3

+29

2,0

8

9

+22

1,0

5

7

10,0

+29

1,5

8

9

10,3

0,5

8

8

RI GRJV WKDW JUDGXDOO\ JUHZ VWURQJHU DV WKH IXOO SKDVH DSSURDFKHG ,Q WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH WRWDO SKDVH GRJV DQG RWKHU GRPHVWLF DQLPDOV DOO ZHQW VLOHQW DW the same time. 7HPSHUDWXUHV ZLWK VRPH GHOD\ IHOO LQ FRQFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH GLPLQLVKLQJ OLJKW LQ SDUWLFXODU WKH PLQLPXP WHPSHUDWXUH GXULQJ WKH HFOLSVH RFFXUUHG DW WKH HQG RI WKH WRWDO SKDVH $W WKLV SRLQW WKH RYHUDOO GURS LQ DLU WHPSHUDWXUH GXULQJ WKH HFOLSVH UHDFKHG ƒ& ZKHUHDV WKH XVXDO GDLO\ G\QDPLFV VKRZ D GURS RI RQO\ ƒ& RYHU WKH VDPH SHULRG :LQG VSHHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GHFUHDVHG DV WKH IXOO SKDVH DSSURDFKHG EXW DIWHU LWV FRPSOHWLRQ LW UHFRYHUHG LWV VSHHG DQG DIWHU WKDW WKH JUDGXDO IDOO XVXDO IRU WKH HYHQLQJ ZDV REVHUYHG 'XULQJ WKH WRWDO SKDVH WKH ZLQG ZLWK RQH H[FHSWLRQ RI DQ LQGLYLGXDO JXVW ZDV SUDFWLFDOO\ DEVHQW 7KH RYHUDOO GURS LQ ZLQG VSHHG GXULQJ WKH HFOLSVH UHDFKHG DERXW P VHF 7KH QXPEHUV RI EXWWHUÀLHV DQG EHHV LQ ÀLJKW VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GHFUHDVHG DV WKH IXOO SKDVH DSSURDFKHG EXWWHUÀLHV FRPSOHWHO\ VWRSSHG À\LQJ PLQ EHIRUH WKH EHJLQQLQJ DQG UHWXUQHG WR WKLV VWDWH PLQ DIWHU LWV FRPSOHWLRQ $V WKH WRWDO SKDVH DSSURDFKHG ÀLJKW DFWLYLW\ RI GUDJRQÀLHV EXPEOHEHHV ZDVSV DQG ÀLHV KDG IDOOHQ VLJQL¿FDQWO\

1/08/2008

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

JUDGXDOO\ GHFOLQHG GXULQJ WKH HFOLSVH DQG VWRSSHG FRPSOHWHO\ EHIRUH WKH DFWXDO VWDUW RI WKH WRWDO HFOLSVH 7DEOH $IWHU D PDUNHG GHOD\ WKH VLQJLQJ DFWLYLW\ KDV VXGGHQO\ UHQHZHG DQG TXLFNO\ UHFRYHUHG WR LWV XVXDO OHYHO 7KXV GXULQJ D WRWDO VRODU HFOLSVH WKH FKDQJLQJ OLJKW FRQGLWLRQV UHVXOWHG LQ ZLWK VRPH GHOD\ DOWHUDWLRQ RI WKH XVXDO GDLO\ G\QDPLFV RI FKDQJHV LQ DLU WHPSHUDWXUH ZLQG VSHHG DQG DFWLYLW\ RI FHUWDLQ JURXSV RI DQLPDOV VHH )LJ 7KH GDWD LQ JHQHUDO ¿WV ZHOO ZLWK WKH UHVXOWV RI REVHUYDWLRQV RI WKH WRWDO VRODU HFOLSVH LQ WKLV DUHD RQ > @ 7DEOH

6RODU HFOLSVH WLPLQJ DQG VRQJ DFWLYLW\ RI Bryodema gebleri Insecta Orthoptera

/RFDWLRQ ODWLWXGH ORQJLWXGH GDWH

.RVK $JDFK o01 N, 88o (

7LPLQJV

0RRQ LV QR 0RRQ ¿UVW $FWXDO VWDUW $FWXDO HQG ORQJHU YLVLEOH WRXFKHV WKH 6XQ RI WKH WRWDOLW\ RI WKH WRWDOLW\ RYHU WKH 6XQ

/RFDO WLPH KRXU PLQXWH VHFRQG

6LQJLQJ DFWLYLW\ VWULGXODWLRQ

&HDVHG DW

5HQHZHG DW

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

,QGLFHV

/RFDO WLPH ic tc vc i t v )LJ ,QGLFHV RI HQYLURQPHQWDO IHDWXUHV XQGHU FRQGLWLRQV RI VRODU HFOLSVH DQG UHIHUHQFH REVHUYDWLRQV ic LOOXPLQDWLRQ RQ WKH VFDOH RI WKH SKRWRPHWHU RQ WKH UHIHUHQFH GD\ tc DLU WHPSHUDWXUH ƒɋ RQ WKH UHIHUHQFH GD\ vc ZLQG VSHHG P VHF RQ WKH UHIHUHQFH GD\ L LOOXPLQDWLRQ RI WKH EDUWK¶V VXUIDFH E\ WKH VFDOH RI WKH SKRWRPHWHU RQ WKH GD\ RI WKH HFOLSVH W WHPSHUDWXUH ƒɋ RQ WKH GD\ RI WKH HFOLSVH 9

1XPEHUV

/RFDO WLPH l a L A )LJ '\QDPLFV RI QXPEHUV RI EXWWHUÀLHV DQG EHHV RQ WKH UHIHUHQFH GD\ DQG GXULQJ WKH VRODU HFOLSVH O QXPEHU RI EXWWHUÀLHV RQ UHIHUHQFH GD\ D QXPEHU RI EHHV RQ WKH UHIHUHQFH GD\ / QXPEHU RI EXWWHUÀLHV RQ WKH GD\ RI HFOLSVH $ QXPEHU RI EHHV RQ WKH GD\ RI HFOLSVH 7DEOH &RUUHODWLRQ FRHI¿FLHQWV EHWZHHQ WKH SK\VLFDO DQG ELRORJLFDO SDUDPHWHUV GXULQJ WKH WRWDO VRODU HFOLSVH RI i i

Wƒ

v

/

A

0,59

0,73

0,90

0,88

0,88

0,70

0,79

Wƒ

0,59

v

0,90

/

0,73

0,88

0,70

A

0,88

0,79

7KH PRVW QRWLFHDEOH FKDQJHV LQ DQLPDO EHKDYLRXU ZHUH PDQLIHVWHG E\ GD\ WLPH DQLPDOV SULPDULO\ EXWWHUÀLHV Hymenoptera GUDJRQÀLHV DQG ELUGV )RU LQVWDQFH GXULQJ WKH HFOLSVH RI EXWWHUÀLHV DQG GUDJRQÀLHV DOPRVW FHDVHG WKHLU ÀLJKW XQGHU WKH UHFRUGHG LOOXPLQDWLRQ RI L ZKLFK KDSSHQV ZKHQ WKH\ UHWUHDW IRU WKH QLJKW DV LQ WKH UHIHUHQFH REVHUYDWLRQ FDUULHG RXW EHIRUH RQ WKH ± KRXU PLQ EHIRUH VXQVHW L )LVFKHU > @ VXJJHVWV WKDW OLJKW LQWHQVLW\ LV WKH PDLQ SDUDPHWHU FRQWUROOLQJ WKH GLXUQDO VRQJ SDWWHUQ LQ WKH VSHFLHV RI RUWKRSWHUDQV KH VWXGLHG DQG REYLRXVO\ RYHUULGHV DQ\ LQWHUQDO UK\WKP 7KLV QRWLRQ WKDW PD\ EH WUXH IRU Bryodema gebleri. %HHV ZDVSV DQG ÀLHV RQ WKH UHIHUHQFH GD\ RI GLVDSSHDUHG IURP VLJKW PLQ EHIRUH WKH VXQVHW DW DERXW WKH OHYHO RI LOOXPLQDWLRQ RI L ZKLFK ZDV REVHUYHG DW DURXQG WKH VDPH OHYHO WKH QH[W GD\ EHIRUH WKH IXOO SKDVH RI WKH HFOLSVH 5HIHUHQFH REVHUYDWLRQV FDUULHG RXW EHIRUHKDQG RQ WKH VKRZHG WKDW VSHFLHV RI WKH ORFDO IDXQD of Orthoptera ZKLFK FRQWLQXHG WR VWULGXODWH GXULQJ WKH WRWDO VRODU HFOLSVH PDLQWDLQHG WKHLU VRXQG DFWLYLW\ DW QLJKW 1LJKW DFWLYLWLHV DUH DOVR REVHUYHG LQ DQWV ,W VKRXOG EH QRWHG WKDW VSHFL¿F WZLOLJKW DQG QRFWXUQDO VSHFLHV SUREDEO\ GR QRW KDYH WLPH WR DFWLYDWH ZLWKLQ WKH VKRUW SHULRG RI WKH WRWDO SKDVH )RU H[DPSOH WKH PRVTXLWRHV WKDW ZHUH DFWLYH RQ KRXU PLQ EHIRUH WKH VXQVHW ZKHQ L GLG QRW DSSHDU GXULQJ WKH HFOLSVH 1HLWKHU DQ\ KHGJHKRJV QRU EDWV ZHUH VHHQ 7KH FRUUHODWLRQ FRHI¿FLHQWV OHYHO RI VLJQL¿FDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH LQYHVWLJDWHG SDUDPHWHUV DUH VKRZQ LQ WKH Table 3. 7KH KLJKHVW FRUUHODWLRQ FRHI¿FLHQWV ZHUH EHWZHHQ WKH QXPEHU RI EHHV DQG EXWWHUÀLHV LQ WKH DLU ZKLFK LQGLUHFWO\ indicates the similarity of their EHKDYLRXU DQG EHWZHHQ DLU WHPSHUDWXUH DQG ZLQG VSHHG &RQFOXVLRQV 4XLWH VLPLODU FKDQJHV LQ WKH DWPRVSKHULF VWDWH ¿UVW RI DOO WKH DLU WHPSHUDWXUH GURS DV ZHOO DV WKH ZHDNHQHG GDLO\ DFWLYLW\ RI WKH DQLPDOV HVSHFLDOO\ LQVHFWV DQG ELUGV ZHUH REVHUYHG GXULQJ RWKHU IXOO HFOLSVHV > @ > @ > @ 6RPH DXWKRUV DOVR LQGLFDWHG FKDQJHV LQ WKH VKDSH RI

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

WKH ÀRZHUV RI VRPH SODQWV > @ $OO REVHUYHUV QRWLFH WKDW GXULQJ WKH WRWDO SKDVH WKH ZLQG VXEVLGHG DQLPDO DFWLYLW\ GHFUHDVHG DQG SHDFH ZDV HVWDEOLVKPHQW ,OOXPLQDWLRQ FKDQJHV WKDW WRRN SODFH GXULQJ WKH WRWDO VRODU HFOLSVH RI FDXVHG VLJQL¿FDQW FKDQJHV LQ WKH XVXDO GDLO\ G\QDPLFV RI DLU WHPSHUDWXUH ZLQG VSHHG DQG EHKDYLRXUDO DFWLYLW\ RI DQLPDOV ± HVSHFLDOO\ LQVHFWV DFWLYH LQ WKH GD\ WLPH 7KH GURS DQG VXEVHTXHQW UHFRYHU\ RI PHWHRURORJLFDO DQG ELRORJLFDO SDUDPHWHUV IROORZLQJ WKH FKDQJHV LQ WKH OHYHO RI LOOXPLQDWLRQ RFFXUV ZLWK D FHUWDLQ WLPH ODJ 6LJQL¿FDQW FKDQJHV LQ GDLO\ G\QDPLFV RI WKH VXUIDFH OD\HU RI WKH DWPRVSKHUH DQG EHKDYLRXU RI DQLPDOV REVHUYHG GXULQJ WKH HFOLSVH ZHUH UHFRUGHG LQ WKH VSDQ RI PLQ EHIRUH WKH WRWDO SKDVH DQG PLQ after its end. 5HIHUHQFHV %RVKNR * 9 (UPROHQNR 9 0 3RYHGHQLH QHNRWRU\K ]KLYRWQ\K YR YUHPMD VROQHFKQRJR ]DWPHQLMD >%HKDYLRU RI VRPH DQLPDOV GXULQJ WKH VRODU HFOLSVH@ 3ULURGD >1DWXUH@ ± 1R S 2. Gorinov A.A. Fomin D.A. -HNVSHGLFLMD PDVVRYRM VHNFLL 02 9$*2 L 0RVNRYVNRJR SODQHWDULMD SR QDEOMXGHQLMDP VROQHFKQRJR ]DWPHQLMD LMXOMD J >([SHGLWLRQ RI PDVV VHFWLRQ RI 02 9$*2 DQG WKH 0RVFRZ SODQHWDULXP DLPHG DW VWXG\LQJ WKH VRODU HFOLSVH RQ -XO\ @ 5H]XO¶WDW\ QDEOMXGHQLM VROQHFKQRJR ]DWPHQLMD LMXOMD JRGD >5HVXOWV RI REVHUYDWLRQV RI WKH VRODU HFOLSVH RQ -XO\ @ 6ERUQLN VWDWHM >&ROOHFWLRQ RI DUWLFOHV@ 9VHVRMX]QRH DVWURQRPR JHRGH]LFKHVNRH REVKKHVWYR SUL $NDGHPLL QDXN 6665 >$OO 8QLRQ DVWURQRPLF DQG JHRGHWLF VRFLHW\ DW $FDGHP\ RI 6FLHQFHV RI WKH 8665@ ± 0RVNYD SS ± *UHEHQQLNRY 9 6 *UHEHQQLNRY 6 9 'ROJRY / $ 5HDNFLMD REVKKHVWYHQQ\K L NRORQLDO¶Q\K QDVHNRP\K QD VROQHFKQRH ]DWPHQLH LMXOMD J >5HDFWLRQ RI social and colonial insects to the solar HFOLSVH RQ -XO\ @ 7KH VDPH VRXUFH SS ± /XSRM . $ ,]PHQHQLH VROQHFKQRM UDGLDFLL SUL ]DWPHQLL 6ROQFD LMXOMD J >&KDQJHV LQ VRODU UDGLDWLRQ GXULQJ WKH 6XQ HFOLSVH RQ -XO\ @ 7KH VDPH VRXUFH SS ± 3DQGXO , 6 0HWHRURORJLFKHVNLH QDEOMXGHQLMD YR YUHPMD SROQRJR ]DWPHQLMD 6ROQFD >0HWHRURORJLFDO REVHUYDWLRQV GXULQJ WKH WRWDO 6XQ HFOLSVH@ 7KH VDPH

VRXUFH SS ± 3DWHULN 2 / .LULFKHQNR 9 , 0HWHRGDQQ\H ]DSDGQRM 6LELUL SUL SROQRP VROQHFKQRP ]DWPHQLL LMXOMD J >:HVWHUQ 6LEHULD PHWHRGDWD GXULQJ WKH WRWDO VRODU HFOLSVH RI -XO\ @ 7KH VDPH VRXUFH SS ± 6PLUQRY 5 * %LRORJLFKHVNLH QDEOMXGHQLMD LMXOMD J Y %H]PHQRYH >%LRORJLFDO REVHUYDWLRQV RQ -XO\ LQ %H]PHQRY@ 7KH VDPH VRXUFH SS ± &KXUMXPRY . ȱYDQFKXN 9 'XEURYV¶NLM -X 9 RE¶ɽNWLYɿ ± VRQMDFKQD NRURQD >6RODU FURZQ LQ WKH OLPHOLJKW @ 9ɿVQLN 1$1 8NUDʀQL >1$1 %XOOHWLQ RI 8NUDLQH@ ± 1R SS ± &KXUMXPRY . , ȱYDQFKXN 9 * 'XEURYVNLM -X 9 &KXENR / 6 2VREHQQRVWL VWUXNWXU\ VROQHFKQRM NRURQ\ L MHNRORJLFKHVNLH QDEOMXGHQLMD DYJXVWD J >3HFXOLDULWLHV RI WKH VRODU FURZQ VWUXFWXUH DQG HFRORJLFDO REVHUYDWLRQV RQ $XJXVW @ )L]LND VR]QDQLMD L ]KL]QL NRVPRORJLMD L DVWUR¿]LND >3K\VLFV RI FRQVFLRXVQHVV DQG OLIH FRVPRORJ\ DQG DVWURSK\VLFV@ ± 9RO 1R SS ± &KXU\XPRY . , ,YDQFKXN 9 * 'XEURYVN\ <X 9 6RORQHQNR 9 , 5HVXOWV RI DVWURQRPLFDO DQG HFRORJLFDO REVHUYDWLRQV GXULQJ WKH WRWDO VRODU HFOLSVH DXJXVW .LQHPDWLFV DQG SK\VLFV RI FHOHVWLDO ERGLHV 6XSSOHPHQW ± 1R SS ± )LVFKHU ) 3 7RWDO HFOLSVH VLOHQFHV JUDVVKRSSHUV¶ DQG EXVKFULFNHWV¶ VRQJV -RXUQDO RI =RRORJ\ ± 9RO ,VVXH SS ± KWWS G[ GRL RUJ V 3IHLIHU 0 $ ,QGXFWLRQ RI VRQJ DFWLYLW\ LQ 2HFDQWKXV SHOOXFHQV 6FRSROL *U\OOLGDH 2HFDQWKLQDH $57,&8/$7$ 9RO 1R SS ± 6]RYHQ\L * 6]HQWNLUDO\L ) 1DJ\ % &KDQJH LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RI RUWKRSWHUDQV DQG RWKHU GLXUQDO LQVHFWV GXULQJ WKH WRWDO VRODU HFOLSVH RI $XJXVW $OODWWDQL .R]OHPHQ\HN ± 9RO SS ± Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ Ȼɨɲɤɨ Ƚ ȼ ȿɪɦɨɥɟɧɤɨ ȼ Ɇ ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɦɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ± ʋ ɋ Ƚɨɪɢɧɨɜ Ⱥ Ⱥ Ɏɨɦɢɧ Ⱦ Ⱥ ɗɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɆɈ ȼȺȽɈ ɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɦɟɧɢɹ ɢɸɥɹ ɝ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɦɟɧɢɹ ɢɸɥɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ȼɫɟɫɨɸɡɧɨɟ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨ-

ɦɨ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɋɋɋɊ ± Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɋ ± Ƚɪɟɛɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ȼ ɋ Ƚɪɟɛɟɧɧɢ ɤɨɜ ɋ ȼ Ⱦɨɥɝɨɜ Ʌ Ⱥ Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɡɚɬɦɟɧɢɟ ɢɸɥɹ ɝ Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɋ ± Ʌɭɩɨɣ Ʉ Ⱥ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɬɦɟɧɢɢ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ ɢɸɥɹ ɝ Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɋ ± ɉɚɧɞɭɥ ɂ ɋ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɦɟɧɢɹ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɋ ± ɉɚɬɟɪɢɤ Ɉ Ʌ Ʉɢɪɢɱɟɧɤɨ ȼ ɂ Ɇɟɬɟɨɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɡɚɬɦɟɧɢɢ ɢɸɥɹ ɝ Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɋ ± ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ Ɋ Ƚ Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɸɥɹ ɝ ɜ Ȼɟɡɦɟɧɨɜɟ Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɋ ± ɑɭɪɸɦɨɜ Ʉ ȱɜɚɧɱɭɤ ȼ Ⱦɭɛɪɨɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɘ ȼ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢɜɿ ± ɫɨɧɹɱɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɧɚ ȼɿɫɧɢɤ ɇȺɇ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ± ʋ ɋ ± ɑɭɪɸɦɨɜ Ʉ ɂ ȱɜɚɧɱɭɤ ȼ Ƚ Ⱦɭɛɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɘ ȼ ɑɭɛɤɨ Ʌ ɋ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ ɝ Ɏɢɡɢɤɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɤɨɫɦɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ± Ɍɨɦ ʋ ɋ ± &KXU\XPRY . , ,YDQFKXN 9 * 'XEURYVN\ <X 9 6RORQHQNR 9 , 5HVXOWV RI DVWURQRPLFDO DQG HFRORJLFDO REVHUYDWLRQV GXULQJ WKH WRWDO VRODU HFOLSVH DXJXVW .LQHPDWLFV DQG SK\VLFV RI FHOHVWLDO ERGLHV 6XSSOHPHQW ± ʋ 3 ± )LVFKHU ) 3 7RWDO HFOLSVH VLOHQFHV JUDVVKRSSHUV¶ DQG EXVKFULFNHWV¶ VRQJV -RXUQDO RI =RRORJ\ ± 9RO ,VVXH 3 ± KWWS G[ GRL RUJ V 3IHLIHU 0 $ ,QGXFWLRQ RI VRQJ DFWLYLW\ LQ 2HFDQWKXV SHOOXFHQV 6FRSROL *U\OOLGDH 2HFDQWKLQDH $57,&8/$7$ 9RO 1R 3 ± 6]RYHQ\L * 6]HQWNLUDO\L ) 1DJ\ % &KDQJH LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RI RUWKRSWHUDQV DQG RWKHU GLXUQDO LQVHFWV GXULQJ WKH WRWDO VRODU HFOLSVH RI $XJXVW $OODWWDQL .R]OHPHQ\HN ± 9RO Ɋ ± ,QIRUPDWLRQ DERXW DXWKRUV <XUL\ 'XEURYVN\ 6FLHQWLVW ,QVWLWXWH IRU (YROXWLRQDU\ (FRORJ\ 1$6 RI 8NUDLQH DGGUHVV 8NUDLQH .\LY FLW\ H PDLO XYGXEU#PDLO UX 2. Vladimir Tytar - Candidate of %LRORJ\ , , 6FKPDOKDXVHQ ,QVWLWXWH RI =RRORJ\ 1$6 RI 8NUDLQH DGGUHVV 8NUDLQH .\LY FLW\ H PDLO YW\WDU#JPDLO FRP

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE FEATURES OF THE MINOR CAUCASUS (INCLUDING NAKHCHIVAN IN THE AZERBAIJAN TERRITORY) AND THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, USA (DEATH VALLEY AND THE MOJAVE DESERT) FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM ECONOMY $ $ 1DEL\HY 6HQLRU /HFWXUHU 1 1 *XUVKDGOL 6WXGHQW 1 $ 6DIDUDOL\HYD 6WXGHQU 7 9 *DVLPRYD 6WXGHQW $\ 6K 1DMDIRYD 6WXGHQW / % (\\XEOX 6WXGHQW 7 * $OODKYHUGL\HYD 6WXGHQW $\ 9 0DPPDG]DGD 6WXGHQW 1 6 0XVWDID\HYD 6WXGHQW $\ , <XVXERYD 6WXGHQW 1 $ $OL\HYD 6WXGHQW 6 $ $GLORYD 6WXGHQW ) 6 $OL\HYD 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ $]HUEDLMDQ ,Q WKLV UHSRUW DXWKRUV GHVFULEH VLPLODU SHFXOLDULWLHV RI ODQGVFDSHV RI $]HUEDLMDQ DQG WKH 6WDWH RI &DOLIRUQLD 86$ $XWKRUV SUHVHQW QDWXUDO IHDWXUHV RI WKHVH WHUULWRULHV LQ RUGHU WR DQDO\]H VLPLODULWLHV RI ODQGVFDSHV RU WKHLU HOHPHQWV .H\ZRUGV VLPLODU SHFXOLDULW\ ODQGVFDSH FOLPDWH SODQWV VRLO PRXQWDLQ UDLQIDOO IRUHVWV &RQIHUHQFH SDUWLFLSDQWV 1DWLRQDO FKDPSLRQVKLS LQ VFLHQWL¿F DQDO\WLFV 2SHQ (XURSHDQ DQG $VLDQ UHVHDUFK DQDO\WLFV FKDPSLRQVKLS 'LJLWDO 2EMHFW ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQ KWWS G[ GRL RUJ JLVDS HVV Y L

LQRU &DXFDVXV 0RXQWDLQV DUH ORFDWHG LQ WKH :HVW RI $]HUEDLMDQ 7KLV SRLQW UHYHDOV FHUWDLQ VLPLODULW\ ZLWK &RDVWDO 0RXQWDLQV ORFDWHG LQ WKH ZHVWHUQ SDUW RI WKH 6WDWH RI &DOLIRUQLD (the United States of America) in UHODWLRQ WR ERWK UHOLHI DQG SODQW FRYHU 0LQRU &DXFDVXV 0RXQWDLQV LQFOXGH RI 6KDKGDJK 0XURYGDJK *DUDEDJK 0LNKWRNHQ *DUDJD\D UDQJHV DV ZHOO DV DYHUDJH PRXQWDLQRXV UHJLRQV DURXQG WKHVH UDQJHV LQ WKH $]HUEDLMDQ WHUULWRU\ It lies in direction from North-West to 6RXWK (DVW ZLWK WKH OHQJWK RI NP 7KH KLJKHVW SHDN LV *DPLVKGDJK ORFDWHG LQ WKH 0XURYGDJK UDQJH PHWHUV 1RUWKHUQ DQG VRXWKHUQ FRDVWDO PRXQWDLQRXV FOLPDWLF W\SHV DUH REVHUYHG LQ &RDVWDO 0RXQWDLQV $YHUDJH DQQXDO rainfall is 800-850 millimetres in the LQWHUYDO RI PLOOLPHWUHV &OLPDWH RI &RDVWDO 0RXQWDLQV LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ GU\ DQG PLOG VXPPHU DV ZHOO DV KXPLGLW\ LQ ZLQWHU LQ WKH 1RUWK 2DN DQG PL[HG IRUHVWV DUH QDWXUDO for both areas. &RDVWDO 0RXQWDLQV DUH GLYLGHG LQWR WKUHH UHJLRQV 1RUWK &RDVW &HQWUDO &RDVW DQG 6DQ )UDQFLVFR %D\ DUHD 0RXQWDLQV DUH DOVR GLYLGHG LQWR WZR SDUWV %ROOL <ROOD LQ WKH QRUWKHUQ SDUW RI WKH PRXQWDLQ UDQJH FRQVLVWV RI WKH PRXQWDLQV RI WKH 1RUWKHUQ &DOLIRUQLD FRDVW DQG WKH PRXQWDLQV RI

M

7ULQWL +D\IRUN DQG LQ WKH VRXWKHUQ SDUW FRQVLVW RI WKH 6RXWKHUQ &RDVW 0RXQWDLQV SDUWLDOO\ 6RXWK &RDVW 0RXQWDLQV SDUW RI WKH FRDVW WKH 6DQWD &UX] 0RXQWDLQV DQG VR RQ 5LGJHV KDYH IRUPHG KHUH 7KH /HVVHU &DXFDVXV 0RXQWDLQV LQ WKH stretch from the North-West coast to the 6RXWK (DVW IRU D GLVWDQFH RI NP 7KH KLJKHVW PRXQWDLQ SHDN KHUH LV 0RXQW /LQ ZLWK WKH KHLJKW RI PHWHUV 1RUWKHUQ SDUW LV GLYLGHG LQWR 'HO 1RUWH +RPEROGW 7ULQWL 0HQGRQLNR DQG /DNH UHJLRQV $UHD GLIIHUV IURP RWKHU UHJLRQV E\ LWV QDWXUH +XPLGLW\ LQ WKH 1RUWKHUQ SDUW KDV OHG WR WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI GHQVH IRUHVWV LQ ZLGH DUHDV 5HGZRRG IRUHVWV DUH NQRZQ IRU WKHLU KLJK JUHDW WUHHV 7UHHV XS WR PHWHUV KLJK DWWUDFW WRXULVWV¶ DWWHQWLRQ D ORW 7UHH FOLPELQJ RSSRUWXQLWLHV DUH YHU\ LQWHUHVWLQJ DQG DWWUDFWLYH IRU WRXULVWV 5HODWLYHO\ VLPLODU QDWXUH LV VHHQ LQ *DGDED\ LQ WKH WHUULWRU\ RI $]HUEDLMDQ )RUHVWV FRPSULVH RI WUHHV XS WR PHWHUV KLJK DQG WKH\ DUH FKDUDFWHULVHG E\ UHODWLYHO\ \RXQJ DJH San Francisco consists of the Bay $UHD 6RQRPD /DSDQG 6RODQR 0DULQ Contra-Costa, Alameda, San Francisco, 6DQ 0DWHR 6DQWD &UX] 6DQWD &ODUD DQG 6DQ %HQLWR UHJLRQV 7KH WRXULVW FDQ ¿QG KHUH PDQ\ NLQGV RI HQWHUWDLQPHQW LQFOXGLQJ HYHQ WUDP ULGHV ZKDOH ZDWFKLQJ ELNLQJ DQG VR RQ $ ORW RI

YDULRXV SODFHV RI WRXULVW LQWHUHVW FDQ EH VKRZQP VXFK DV WKH 'H <RXQJ 0XVHXP *ROGHQ *DWH 3DUN .RLW &DVWOH WKH IRUPHU SULVRQ LVODQG RI $ONDWUD] DQG 5HGZRRG IRUHVWV DQG PDQ\ PRUH ,Q WKH /HVVHU &DXFDVXV *DQMD WKH ORFDO WUDP VHUYLFH LV EHLQJ UHVWRUHG IRU WKH WRXULVW SXUSRVHV 7KH &HQWUDO &RDVWDO UHJLRQ 0RQWHUH\ 6DQ /XLV 2ELVSR DQG 6DQWD %DUEDUD UHJLRQV RI WKH &RDVWDO 0RXQWDLQV DUH VHSDUDWHG &HQWUDO &RDVWDO UHJLRQ LV RIWHQ FKRVHQ E\ WRXULVWV GXH WR LWV ZLGH VDQG\ EHDFKHV FOLIIV DQG SDUNV 6XU¿QJ LV DYDLODEOH IRU WRXULVWV DV ZHOO DV JROI HTXHVWULDQ ¿VKLQJ DQG VR RQ :H KDYH WR GHDO ZLWK WKH FRQGLWLRQV 'LIIHUHQW W\SHV RI SODQWV DUH DYDLODEOH LQ WKH ULFK ³/RWXVODQG´ LQYDOXDEOH WR DQ\RQH interested in the botanical area. There DUH D ORW RI DUHDV JRRG IRU SLFQLFV DQG ZKDOH ZDWFKLQJ RII WKH FRDVW $TXDULXP RI WKH %D\ RI 0RQWHUH\ DWWUDFWV WRXULVWV IURP DURXQG WKH ZRUOG 6DQWD %DUEDUD =RR LV DOVR D SODFH RI WKH SXEOLF LQWHUHVW HVSHFLDOO\ IRU WKH OLWWOH WRXULVWV 0RMDYH 'HVHUW DQG 'HDWK 9DOOH\ DUH ORFDWHG LQ WKH 6RXWK DQG 6RXWK (DVW RI WKH 86 6WDWH RI &DOLIRUQLD $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH SK\VLFDO DQG JHRJUDSKLFDO characteristics of the territory of the 1DNKFKLYDQ $XWRQRPRXV 5HSXEOLF RI

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

$]HUEDLMDQ ORFDWHG LQ WKH 6RXWK :HVW LW LV TXLWH VLPLODU 0RMDYH 'HVHUW LV ORFDWHG LQ WKH 'HDWK 9DOOH\ 7KHUH LV %DGZDWHU %DVLQ LQ 'HDWK 9DOOH\ ± WKH ORZHVW SRLQW LQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV WHUULWRU\ PHWHUV EHORZ WKH VHD OHYHO 7HKDFKDSL 0RXQWDLQV LQ WKH 0RMDYH 'HVHUW 6DQ *DEULHO DQG 6DQ %HUQDUGLQR 0RXQWDLQV VXUURXQG WKH DUHD RI NPȱ 1DNKFKLYDQ $XWRQRPRXV 5HSXEOLF LV ORFDWHG LQ WKH 6RXWK :HVW RI WKH /HVVHU &DXFDVXV $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH JHRPRUSKRORJLFDO UHJLRQDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH /HVVHU &DXFDVXV 0RXQWDLQV WHUULWRU\ RI 1DNKFKLYDQ $XWRQRPRXV 5HSXEOLF DQG WKH $UD] 1DNKFKLYDQ UHJLRQ 0LGGOH $UD] DUH WKH ORZODQG VXE UHJLRQV 7KH DYHUDJH HOHYDWLRQ KHUH LV DERXW meters. %RWK DUH GLVWLQJXLVKHG E\ FRQWLQHQWDO FOLPDWH 7KXV VXPPHUV LQ 1DNKFKLYDQ $XWRQRPRXV 5HSXEOLF DUH KRW DQG GU\ ZKLOH ZLQWHUV DUH FROG DQG UDLQ\ 7HPSHUDWXUH KHUH KDV UHDFKHG & LQ VXPPHU DQG & ZHUH UHJLVWHUHG LQ SODLQ DUHDV LQ WKH YDOOH\ RI 0RMDYH 'HVHUW ,W LV VQRZLQJ LQ ZLQWHU LQ GHVHUW PRXQWDLQV 6QRZIDOOV OHDG WR WKH WHPSRUDU\ FORVXUH RI VRPH KLJKZD\V $YHUDJH WHPSHUDWXUH RI ZLQWHU PRQWKV UHDFKHV & 1DNKFKLYDQ $XWRQRPRXV 5HSXEOLF LWV JHRJUDSKLFDO ORFDWLRQ LWV FOLPDWH ÀRUD DQG IDXQD DV ZHOO DV LWV DQFLHQW PRQXPHQWV FUHDWH IDYRXUDEOH FRQGLWLRQV IRU WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WRXULVP +HUH RQH FDQ ¿QG UHOLFV RI DQFLHQW WLPHV WKH QDWXUDO DQG KLVWRULFDO PRQXPHQWV FRQWULEXWLQJ WR WKH WRXULVWLF SRWHQWLDO RI WKH 1DNKFKLYDQ UHJLRQ 0RPLQD .KDWXQ *DUDEDJKODU -RVHSK .XVH\LU *XOLVWDQ FHQWXULHV ROG WRPEV 2ULHQWDO SODQH DJHG RYHU \HDUV ROG WKH EODFNVPLWK PXOEHUU\ WUHHV WKH *DPLJD\D UHÀHFWLQJ WKH KLVWRULFDO PHPRU\ RI WKH ¿UVW VHWWOHPHQW RI DQFLHQW SHRSOH NH\ FDYH WKH JUDQGHXU RI WKH YHQXHV WKH V\PERO of invincibility of the Cat Castle), PDJQL¿FHQW ,ODQGDJ XQLTXH QDWXUDO PRQXPHQWV LQ WKH VN\ ODNHV VOHHSHUV DQG KXQGUHGV RI ZRUNV RI DUW ZKLFK GR QRW KDYH DQ\ DQDORJXHV 0RMDYH 'HVHUW LV RQH RI WKH PRVW SRSXODU WRXULVW destinations. This fact is based on the SUHGRPLQDQFH RI WKH QDWLRQDO SDUNV LQ WKH DUHD +HUH D WRXULVW FDQ ¿QG WKUHH RI WKHP 'HDWK 9DOOH\ 1DWLRQDO 3DUN -RVKXD 7UHH 1DWLRQDO 3DUN DQG 0RMDYH National Preserve. California National

3DUN &DOLIRUQLD $QWHORSH 9DOOH\ DQG /DQFDVWHU +RYHU 'DP SDUNV DUH LQ WKH 0RMDYH 1DWLRQDO 3UHVHUYH 2Q WKH ¿QDO VWDJH DOO JHR LQIRUPDWLRQ KDV EHHQ LQFOXGHG LQWR WKH JHR LQIRUPDWLRQ 'DWD %DQN ³*(2/$1'´ XVLQJ 0$3,1)2 JHRJUDSKLFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHP $OO ZRUNV DUH PDUNHWHG LQ 6FLHQWL¿F DQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ Centre “GEOINFORMATICS AND &20387(5 *(2*5$3+<´ DW WKH %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ ZZZ DOL QDEL\HY QDURG UX 5HIHUHQFHV &DOLIRUQLD ,QVLJQWV *XLGHV $3$ SXEOLFDWLRQ 3ULQWHG ³+RIHU SUHVV OWG´ ± 6LQJDSRU S 3ULOLSNR / , 5DVWLWHO¶Q\M SRNURY $]HUEDMG]KDQD >7KH YHJHWDWLRQ FRYHU RI $]HUEDLMDQ@ %DNX ©-H/0ª 3XEOLVKLQJ +RXVH S 'DPLURY , $ 3ULOLSNR / , 6KXNMXURY ' = .HULPRY -X % /HNDUVWYHQQ\H 5DVWHQLMD $]HUEDMG]KDQD >+HUEV RI $]HUEDLMDQ@ ©0$$5,)ª 3XEOLVKLQJ +RXVH S 0XVHLERY 0 $ 3KLVLFDO JHRJUDSK\ RI $]HUQDLMDQ LQ $]HUEDLMDQ 3XEOLVKHG ³0$$5,)´ S 0XVHLERY 0 $ /DQGVKDIW\ $]HUEDMG]KDQD >/DQGVFDSHV RI $]HUEDLMDQ@ %DNX S ,QIRUPDWLRQ DERXW DXWKRUV $OSDVKD 1DEL\HY 6HQLRU /HFWXUHU %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW

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

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION IN AZERBAIJAN AND IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, USA $ $ 1DEL\HY 6HQLRU /HFWXUHU $ 6 %D\UDPRY 6WXGHQW 1 1 *XUVKDGOL 6WXGHQW 8 5 0DNKDQNRYD 6WXGHQW $ ) 6XOH\PDQRYD 6WXGHQW 1 0 *DUDOL 6WXGHQW $\ 9X 0DPPDG]DGH 6WXGHQW 1 $ $EDVRYD 6HQLRU /HFWXUHU 1 ' 'MDIDURY 'U 'RFHQW 1 $ $OL\HYD 6WXGHQW 1 6K <X]EDVKRYD 6WXGHQW 5 * 0DNKPXGOX 6WXGHQW * =DO 6FLHQWL¿F :RUNHU %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ $]HUEDLMDQ $XWKRUV RI WKLV UHSRUW GHVFULEH VLPLODU FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI RLO DQG JDV LQGXVWULHV RI WKH $]HUEDLMDQ 5HSXEOLF DQG WKH 6WDWH RI &DOLIRUQLD 86$ (FRORJLFDO DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO SUREOHPV RQ WKH WHUULWRULHV RI H[SORUDWLRQ DUH SUHVHQWHG DV ZHOO .H\ZRUGV RLO DQG JDV LQGXVWU\ H[SORUDWLRQ HFRORJLFDO DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO SUREOHPV FRPSDULVRQ RI RLO DQG JDV H[SORUDWLRQ SROOXWLRQ &RQIHUHQFH SDUWLFLSDQWV 1DWLRQDO FKDPSLRQVKLS LQ VFLHQWL¿F DQDO\WLFV 2SHQ (XURSHDQ DQG $VLDQ UHVHDUFK DQDO\WLFV FKDPSLRQVKLS 'LJLWDO 2EMHFW ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQ KWWS G[ GRL RUJ JLVDS HVV Y L 5

DWXUDO HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQGLWLRQV in California, basically climatic RQHV KDYH VLPLODU IHDWXUHV ZLWK WKRVH RI $]HUEDLMDQ DV PLGGOH DQG VRXWKHUQ SDUW &DOLIRUQLD DQG $]HUEDLMDQ DUH VLWXDWHG RQ WKH VDPH SDUDOOHOV 7KLV UHJLRQ LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG VXEWURSLFDO FOLPDWH ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR WKLV WKHUH LV D ZKROH UDQJH RI RWKHU SDUWLFXODUO\ VLPLODU IHDWXUHV LQ ÀRUD DQG IDXQD SHFXOLDULWLHV RI UHOLHI DV ZHOO DV WKH VHW RI VLPLODU HFRORJLFDO SUREOHPV LQ ERWK WHUULWRULHV 2LO SROOXWLRQ RI FRDVWDO ]RQHV SOD\V RQ RI WKH PRVW VLJQL¿FDQW UROHV DPRQJ HFRORJLFDO SUREOHPV &DVSLDQ 6HD DV ZHOO DW WKH VHD shore of California can be characterized E\ SROOXWLRQ E\ YDULRXV VXEVWDQFHV 7KH PRVW ZLGHO\ VSUHDG DPRQJ ZKLFK DUH RLO DQG RLO SURGXFWV 7KH QDWXUDO VRXUFHV RI SHWUROHXP RQ WKH VXUIDFH RI 86$ WHUULWRU\ KDYH EHHQ IRXQG DQG H[SORLWHG DOUHDG\ VLQFH WKH \HDU 6HYHUDO RI WKHP HYHQ QRZ VWLOO SROOXWH WKH FRDVW RI 6RXWKHUQ &DOLIRUQLD 7KH &RLO 2LO FDSH LV ZHOO NQRZQ LQ WKLV UHJDUG :LWK WKH SXUSRVH RI SURWHFWLQJ WKH QDWXUH RI WKH &DOLIRUQLD ODQGV DQG LWV ULFKHV ORQJ WLPH DJR WHUULWRULHV RQ WKH &DOLIRUQLDQ VHD shore have been offered for rent - for GULOOLQJ RLO ZHOOV KHUH After the incident in the Santa%DUEDUD FKDQQHO PRUH ULJLG DQG GHWDLOHG UXOHV IRU GULOOLQJ RLO ZHOOV VWDWHG E\ 6FRWW 6FRWW ZHUH LQWURGXFHG

N

)LOP SURGXFHG E\ WKH EORZRXW RXW RI SHWUROHXP EHFDXVH RI FUDVKHV LQ WKH FKDQQHO RI 6DQWD %DUEDUD KDV VKRZQ WKDW WKH PDVVLYH VOXGJH VHWWOHPHQW RI RLO RQ ZHLJKWHG VXEVWDQFHV KDV moved and reached the middle of the FKDQQHO¶V GHSWK DIWHU KDOI RI WKH \HDU .ROSDFN +DOI RI WKH SRSXODWLRQ RI ³%DODQXV JODQGXOD´ LQKDELWLQJ WKH coastal zone close to Santa-Barbara has EHHQ H[SRVHG WR UDWKHU VWURQJ DGYHUVH LQÀXHQFH RI VSLOOHG SHWUROHXP 2QO\ D IHZ ZRUPV NQRZQ DEOH WR SXOO WKURXJK LQ FRQGLWLRQV RLO SROOXWLRQ 0F&RXOH\ 0F&RXOH\ KDV LQIRUPHG WKDW ROLJRFKDHWD ³7XELIH[´ FDQ SXOO WKURXJK ZHOO LQ WKH ERWWRP PXG VDWXUDWHG ZLWK SHWUROHXP 5HLVWK 5HLVWK GLVFRYHUHG TXDOLW\ LQGLFDWRUV RI SUHVHQFH RI SRO\FKDHWD ³&DSLWHOOD FDSLWDWD´ LQ WKH ]RQHV RI VWURQJ SROOXWLRQ FDXVHG E\ ZDVWHV GLVFKDUJH IURP RLO UH¿QHU\ IDFWRULHV LQ WKH /RV $QJHOHV SRUW /DUJH SRSXODWLRQ RI EURZQ DOJDH OLYLQJ LQ WKH WHPSHUDWH ]RQH ZDV FRYHUHG E\ D GDQJHURXV PXFRXV ¿OP PRLVWHQ E\ IUHVK OLTXLG RLO :KHQ GDPS RI WKH RLO KDV UHDFKHG coasts of the channel of Santa%DUEDUD XSSHU OD\HU RI ELJ EURZQ DODJDH ³0DFURF\VWLV S\ULHUD´ KDV EHHQ SURWHFWLQJ SODQWV DQG DQLPDOV ORFDWHG EHORZ WKH ZDWHU OHYHO XS XQWLO WKH PRPHQW ZKHQ WKH ÀRZ FRYHUHG WKHP $IWHU

GXPSLQJ RI SHWUROHXP LQ WKH FKDQQHO RI 6DQWD %DUEDUD KHDY\ RLO ¿OP KDV EHHQ GLVFRYHUHG FRYHULQJ WKH LVODQGV LQKDELWHG E\ WKH FRORQLHV RI VHD OLRQV ³=DORSKXV FDOLIRUQLDQXV´ 2YHU ZKHOSV RI VHD HOHSKDQWV ³0LURXQJD DQJXVWLURVWULV´ RQ WKH LVODQG RI 6DQ 0LVKHO ZHUH DIIHFWHG E\ SHWUROHXP SROOXWLRQ ,QFLGHQW LQ 6DQWD %DUEDUD KDV WDNHQ SODFH LQ WKH SHULRG RI VHDVRQDO PLJUDWLRQ RI JUD\ ZKDOHV ³(VFKULFKWLXV JORXFXV´ 0RYLQJ WKURXJK VWURQJO\ SROOXWHG VLWHV RI WKH FKDQQHO DQLPDOV WULHG WR DYRLG FRQWDFW ZLWK SHWUROHXP 6HD DQHPRQH ³$PWKRSOHXUD [DQWKRJUDPPLD´ KDV DOVR VXIIHUHG D ORW IURP GLUHFW FRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SHWUROHXP LQ ODJRRQV DQG FRDVWDO ]RQHV %XW RQO\ WKHVH DQLPDOV KDYH SXOOHG WKURXJK LQ WKH FORVHG ]RQHV VLWXDWHG RQ VHD VKRUH RI &DOLIRUQLD LQ ZDWHU ERGLHV WR ZKLFK WKH JUHDW GUDLQV IURP RLO UH¿QHU\ IDFWRU\ KDYH EHHQ GXPSHG 8VXDOO\ ¿VK LV DEOH WR ¿QG RSWLPXP VDIH SODFHV DQG LQ PRVW cases environmental areas characterized E\ FRQGLWLRQV RI SRZHUIXO SROOXWLRQ DUH DYRLGHG 6R ZKHQ WKH ³7DPSLFR 0DUX´ has crashed close to California (North, : - 0 1HXVKXO . $ &OHQGHQQLQJ WKH PDMRULW\ RI ¿VK VSHFLHV ZHUH DEOH WR OHDYH WKH UHJLRQ RI WKH SHWUROHXP EORZRXW &RPPHUFLDO ¿VKLQJ KDV FRQVLGHUDEO\ GHFUHDVHG DV WKH UHVXOW RI SROOXWLRQ RI WKH FKDQQHO RI 6DQWD %DUEDUD LQ WKLV UHJLRQ $V UXOH ELUGV DQG

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

mammals live on the land and contact ZLWK VHD WKHUHIRUH WKH\ DUH FRQVHTXHQWO\ DIIHFWHG E\ LQÀXHQFH RI SROOXWDQWV RI ZDWHU RQO\ LQ VKRUW SHULRGV RI VHDUFKLQJ for some food or stern close to the shore. $ KXJH QXPEHU RI WKHVH ELUGV EHFDPH YLFWLPV RI SHWUROHXP SROOXWLRQ ,Q WKLV FRQQHFWLRQ IURP FKURQLF SROOXWLRQ PRUH ELUGV KDYH SUREDEO\ EHHQ NLOOHG DQQXDOO\ WKDQ GXULQJ VHSDUDWH FDWDVWURSKLF EORZRXWV :KHQ GLYLQJ LQWR SROOXWHG ZDWHUV WKH\ LPSHUFHSWLEO\ IRU WKHPVHOYHV JHW LQWR LQ WKH OD\HU RI SHWUROHXP ZKLFK WKHQ FRYHUV WKHLU KHDGV EDFNV DQG ZLQJV $SDUW IURP WKDW KDYLQJ VZDOORZHG VRPH TXDQWLW\ RI SHWUROHXP ELUGV ORVH WKHLU DSSHWLWH ,W LV NQRZQ EXW UDWKHU HVVHQWLDO LV WKH IDFW WKDW LW LQÀXHQFHV WKH SRSXODWLRQ RI ELUGV DQG FKDQJHV YLDELOLW\ RI ÀHGJOLQJV DQG HJJV 0RVW RI VXFK NLQGV RI SUREOHPV FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH SROOXWLRQ DUH REVHUYHG LQ WKH &DVSLDQ 6HD DV ZHOO 7KH PDLQ VRXUFHV RI SROOXWLRQ LQ WKH &DVSLDQ 6HD DUH ULYHUV RXWÀRZV H[SORUDWLRQ DQG RSHUDWLRQV LQ WKH VHD RLO ¿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ÀRUD DQG IDXQD $W WKH EHJLQQLQJ ODUJH GDPDJH ZDV FDXVHG E\ SULPLWLYH HQJLQHHULQJ DQG XQGHUGHYHORSHG WHFKQRORJ\ RI SHWUROHXP SURGXFWLRQ $QG ODWHU RQ WKH H[WUDFWLRQ KDV UDSLGO\ LQFUHDVHG 7KH SUHVVXUH ZDV EDVHG RQ HFRQRPLF LQWHUHVWV 'DQJHURXV VLWXDWLRQV LQ WKH &DVSLDQ 6HD KDYH DULVHQ GXH WR WKH LQÀXHQFH SHWUROHXP SROOXWLRQ ZKLFK OHDGV WR FKDQJHV LQ WKHUPDO DQG JDV H[FKDQJH EHWZHHQ ODNHV DQG WKH DWPRVSKHUH GRZQWXUQ RI ELRORJLFDO UHVRXUFHV DQG GHJHQHUDWLRQ RI VHSDUDWH ELRVHQRVHV ,Q WKH LQLWLDO SHULRG RI SROOXWLRQ &DVSLDQ 6HD ZDWHU RUJDQLVPV

DV ZHOO DV RUJDQLVPV DQG DOJDH RQ WKH VHD VKRUH RI &DOLIRUQLD ZHUH DEOH WR OLTXLGDWH VHSDUDWH FHQWHUV RI SROOXWLRQ EXW ODWHU RQ EHFDXVH RI LQWHQVL¿FDWLRQ RI SROOXWLRQ WKH\ FRXOG QRW FRPSOHWHO\ FOHDU ODNHV DQG ZDWHUV IURP SROOXWLRQ E\ VXEVWDQFHV 8QGHU WKH HIIHFW RI SROOXWLRQ VHD RUJDQLVPV VKRZ VXFK FKDQJHV DV WKH JUDGXDO UHGXFWLRQ RI VL]H DQG QXPEHU DQG XS WR FRPSOHWH SDXVH LQ UHSURGXFWLRQ DQG H[WLQFWLRQ RI VSHFLHV %HIRUH WKH FRDVWDO ]RQH RI $SVKHURQ SHQLQVXOD ZDV JUHDWO\ LQKDELWHG E\ FUDZ¿VK ³$VWDFXV SDFK\SXV´ ± D VLJQL¿FDQWO\ YDOXDEOH W\SH IRU SURGXFHUV +RZHYHU DIWHU WKH RLO SROOXWLRQ WKH &DVSLDQ 6HD SRSXODWLRQ RI FUDZ¿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ÀXHQFHG E\ LQFLGHQWV RI RLO SROOXWLRQ $SDUW IURP WKDW FRDVWDO DUHDV RI WKH &DVSLDQ 6HD KDYH JUHDW VLJQL¿FDQFH IRU PLJUDWLRQV DQG GZHOOLQJ RI ELUGV ,QIRUPDWLRQ DERXW ELUGV REVHUYHG LQ WKH FRDVWV LQ 'HFHPEHU LV VKRZQ LQ WKH WDEOH 'DWD VKRZV WKDW HYHU\ \HDU ELUGV À\ DFURVV WKH VHD VKRUH RI &DVSLDQ 6HD IURP (XURSH $VLD and the Middle East. Therefore coastal WKH ]RQH RI $]HUEDLMDQ LV NQRZQ DV WKH habitat of birds and has national and LQWHUQDWLRQDO VLJQL¿FDQFH $OVR &DVSLDQ 6HD LV LQKDELWHG E\ WKH &DVSLDQ VHDO ³3KRFD FDVSLFD´ 6HDO LQKDELW DOO WKH WHUULWRU\ RI WKH &DVSLDQ 6HD DQG GXULQJ WKH ODVW \HDUV WKHLU SRSXODWLRQ KDV EHHQ LQWHQVLYHO\ GHFUHDVLQJ EHFDXVH RI WKH SROOXWLRQ $W WKH UHVXOW RI VWURQJ SROOXWLRQ E\ SHWUROHXP DQG RWKHU VXEVWDQFHV WKH ED\ RI %DNX DQG WKH ZDWHUV RI WKH FRDVWDO FLW\ RI 6XPJDLW DUH WXUQLQJ LQWR WKH GHDG zones.

$Q LQGXVWULDO VHWWOHPHQW RI 1HIW 'DúODUÕ PLOHV RII WKH FRDVW RI %DNX $]HUEDLMDQ LV D FRPSOHWH WRZQ RQ WKH VHD 7KH ¿UVW RLO SODWIRUP LQ $]HUEDLMDQ 1HIW 'DúODUÕ ZDV DOVR WKH ¿UVW RSHUDWLQJ RIIVKRUH RLO SODWIRUP LQ WKH ZRUOG :KDW EHJDQ DV D VLQJOH SDWK RXW RYHU WKH ZDWHU LQ VORZO\ JUHZ LQWR D IXOO FLW\ RYHU WKH \HDUV DV SDWKV DQG SODWIRUPV ZHUH EXLOW RQ WKH EDFN RI VKLSV WKDW ZHUH VXEPHUJHG LQWR WKH VHD WR VHUYH DV D IRXQGDWLRQ IRU WKH H[SDQGLQJ VWUXFWXUH $IWHU WZR \HDUV RI FRQVWUXFWLRQ LQ 1HIW 'DúODUÕ ZDV UHDG\ IRU SURGXFWLRQ 2LO WDQNV ZHUH LQVWDOOHG DQG GULOOLQJ SODWIRUPV HUHFWHG DQG WKH FLW\¶V ¿UVW RLO ZDV WDQNHG RXW WKDW VDPH \HDU 7KH FLW\ H[SDQGHG VR TXLFNO\ LQ WKH ¿UVW GHFDGH RI RSHUDWLRQ WKDW QLQH VWRU\ KRWHOV FXOWXUDO SDODFHV EDNHULHV DQG RWKHU VLWHV ZHUH EXLOW XS E\ 7ZR GHFDGHV ODWHU DQRWKHU ERRP VDZ WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI D ¿YH VWRU\ GRUPLWRU\ DQG WZR RLO JDV FRPSUHVVRU VWDWLRQV 7KRVH \HDUV DOVR EURXJKW UHVLGHQWV D GULQNLQJ ZDWHU IDFLOLW\ WZR XQGHUZDWHU SLSHOLQHV DQG D À\RYHU IRU YHKLFXODU WUDI¿F 7KH /RV $QJHOHV &LW\ 2LO )LHOG ZDV GLVFRYHUHG LQ DQG PDGH IDPRXV E\ (GZDUG / 'RKHQ\¶V VXFFHVVIXO ZHOO LQ 7KH ¿HOG EHFDPH WKH WRS SURGXFLQJ RLO ¿HOG LQ &DOLIRUQLD DFFRXQWLQJ IRU PRUH WKDQ KDOI RI WKH VWDWH¶V RLO LQ Doheny became one of the richest men LQ &DOLIRUQLD 7KH SHDN \HDU ZDV ZLWK VHSDUDWH RLO FRPSDQLHV DFWLYH RQ WKH ¿HOG ,Q RQO\ RQH VPDOO ZHOO UHPDLQHG LQ SURGXFWLRQ 7KH KLVWRULFDO URRWV RI $]HUEDLMDQL RLO JRHV EDFN WR WKH DQFLHQW SHULRG 6LQFH WKH ¿UVW SKDVH RI SURGXFWLRQ RI GULOOHG RLO ZHOOV EHJLQV ZLWK WKH PHFKDQLFDO PHWKRG ,W FRQWLQXHG XS WR %LEL IRU WKH ¿UVW WLPH LQ DQG WKHQ PHFKDQLFDOO\ SURFHVVHG ¿HOGV RI %DODNKDQL GULOOHG RLO ZHOOV HQULFKHG WKH $]HUEDLMDQ¶V RLO LQGXVWU\ VLQFH WKHH VDPH \HDU ,Q WKH HDUO\ QLQHWHHQWK FHQWXU\ WKH ZRUOG¶V ¿UVW KDQG GXJ ZHOOV LQ WKH VHD NLORPHWHUV DZD\ IURP WKH VKRUH %LEL SURGXFHG RLO ,Q WKH ¿UVW RLO UH¿QHU\ XQLW LV EHLQJ EXLOW -DYDG 0DOLNRY NHURVHQH SODQW ZDV EXLOW LQ )RU WKH ¿UVW WLPH WKH FRROHU ZDV XVHG LQ WKH RLO UH¿QLQJ ,Q WKHUH ZHUH RLO ULJV :LWK WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI ZHOO GULOOLQJ WHFKQRORJLHV

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

D QXPEHU RI QHZ RLO ¿HOGV ZHUH IRXQG %LQDJDGL 3LUDOODKL 6XUDNKDQL HWF 2LO SURGXFWLRQ KDV LQFUHDVH DQG WKH RLO LQGXVWU\ EHJDQ WR GHYHORS LWV LQIUDVWUXFWXUH UHODWH WR RLO UH¿QLQJ DQG RLO SURGXFWLRQ 2LO ZDV UH¿QH DQG VROG E\ KXQGUHGV RI HVWDEOLVKHG FRPSDQLHV 1DWLRQDO ERXUJHRLVLH KDV IRUPHG DQG %DNX EHFDPH RQH RI WKH ZRUOG¶V LQGXVWULDO FHQWHUV )RU WKH ¿UVW WLPH LQ %DODNKDQL 6DEXQFKX 5DPDQL LQ $EVKHURQ ¿HOGV ZDV GHYHORSHG LQGXVWULDOO\ History of oil in California. The VWRU\ RI RLO SURGXFWLRQ LQ &DOLIRUQLD EHJDQ LQ WKH ODWH WK FHQWXU\ ,Q &DOLIRUQLD EHFDPH WKH OHDGLQJ RLO SURGXFLQJ VWDWH LQ WKH 86 DQG WUDGHG WKH QXPEHU RQH SRVLWLRQ EDFN DQG IRUWK ZLWK 2NODKRPD XS WLOO WKH \HDU $V RI &DOLIRUQLD ZDV WKH QDWLRQ¶V WKLUG PRVW SUROL¿F RLO SURGXFLQJ VWDWH OHDYLQJ EHKLQG RQO\ 7H[DV DQG 1RUWK 'DNRWD ,Q WKH SDVW FHQWXU\ &DOLIRUQLD¶V RLO LQGXVWU\ JUHZ WR EHFRPH WKH VWDWH¶V QXPEHU RQH *'3 H[SRUW DQG RQH RI WKH PRVW SUR¿WDEOH LQGXVWULHV LQ WKH UHJLRQ 7KH history of oil in the state of California, KRZHYHU GDWHV EDFN PXFK HDUOLHU WKDQ WKH WK FHQWXU\ )RU WKRXVDQGV RI \HDUV SULRU WR (XURSHDQ VHWWOHPHQW LQ $PHULFD Native Americans in the California WHUULWRU\ H[FDYDWHG RLO VHHSV %\ WKH PLG WK FHQWXU\ $PHULFDQ JHRORJLVWV discovered the vast oil reserves in &DOLIRUQLD DQG EHJDQ PDVV GULOOLQJ LQ WKH :HVWHUQ 7HUULWRU\ :KLOH &DOLIRUQLD¶V SURGXFWLRQ RI WKH H[FDYDWHG RLO KDV LQFUHDVHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GXULQJ WKH HDUO\ WK FHQWXU\ WKH DFFHOHUDWHG GULOOLQJ UHVXOWHG LQ WKH RYHUSURGXFWLRQ RI WKH FRPPRGLW\ DQG WKH IHGHUDO JRYHUQPHQW XQVXFFHVVIXOO\ PDGH VHYHUDO DWWHPSWV WR UHJXODWH WKH RLO PDUNHW 2LO LQ SUH $PHULFD &DOLIRUQLD 1DWLYH $PHULFDQV ZHUH NHHQO\ DZDUH of oil reserves in California, and they UHOLHG RQ LWV XWLOLW\ IRU WKRXVDQGV RI \HDUV DOEHLW QRW IRU HQHUJ\ VRXUFHV 7KH PRVW DEXQGDQW RLO VHHS LQ WKH DQFLHQW &DOLIRUQLD WHUULWRU\ ZDV WKH /D %UHD WDU SLWV LQ SUHVHQW GD\ /RV $QJHOHV 1DWLYH $PHULFDQV XVHG RLO IURP /D %UHD DQG RWKHU VHHSV SULPDULO\ DV D OXEULFDQW EXW WKH\ DOVR XVHG LW DV D VHDODQW WR ZDWHUSURRI FDQRHV :KHQ 6SDQLVK H[SORUHUV DUULYHG LQ &DOLIRUQLD LQ WKH V WKH\ DOVR XVHG RLO WR VHDO FUDFNV LQ WKHLU VKLSV DQG WKH

URRIV RI WKHLU KRPHV :RUOG FUXGH RLO SURGXFWLRQ IURP ZHOOV H[FOXGHV VXUIDFH PLQHG RLO VXFK DV IURP &DQDGLDQ KHDY\ RLO VDQGV KDV VWDUWHG LQ DQG JRHV RQ LQ WKH WRGD\¶V ZRUOG Phase II starts after the QDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH RLO LQGXVWU\ LQ $]HUEDLMDQ LQ DQG LQ LQ WKH RSHQ VHD ³1HIW 'DúODUÕ´ LV ZLWKLQ WKH H[DPLQHG SHULRG 2Q 1RYHPEHU D ZHOO LQ 2LO 5RFNV Ê‹ PHWHUV LQ GHSWK ZDV FRPPLVVLRQHG WR SURGXFH WRQV SHU GD\ DQG ODLG WKH IRXQGDWLRQ IRU RIIVKRUH RLO SURGXFWLRQ $JKD *XUEDQ $OL\HY ZDV WKH ¿UVW JHRORJLVW WKHUH 7KH WKLUG VWDJH ³1HIW 'DúODUÕ´ VWDUWHG LQ ZLWK WKH FRPPLVVLRQLQJ RI WKH RIIVKRUH RLO LQGXVWU\ DQG WKLV FRQWLQXHG XS WR 6LQFH WKH IRXUWK VWDJH RI WKH QDWLRQDO HFRQRP\ RI WKH RLO DQG JDV LQGXVWU\ KDV EHHQ FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ WKH UDSLG GHYHORSPHQW 'XULQJ WKLV SHULRG HVSHFLDOO\ LQ WKH RIIVKRUH RLO SURGXFWLRQ LQ WKH RLO DQG JDV LQGXVWU\ D QHZ VWDJH RI GHYHORSPHQW EHJLQV ,Q ³;D]DU 'DQL] 1HIW´ 3URGXFWLRQ 8QLRQ 38 ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG DQG WKH 8665 0LQLVWU\ RI 2LO ,QGXVWU\ VHQW RLO ZRUNHUV WR ZRUN LQ WKH VHD &DVSLDQ 6HD $]HUEDLMDQ WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW WKH H[SHULHQFH RI DOO VHFWRUV RI WKH &DVSLDQ 6HD WKH &DVSLDQ 6HD ZDV GLYLGHG LQWR VHFWRUV ([SORUDWLRQ GULOOLQJ GHYHORSPHQW PDLQWHQDQFH DQG RWKHU ZRUNV ZHUH LPSOHPHQWHG E\ WKH $]HUEDLMDQL RLOPHQ 2LO DQG JDV SURGXFWLRQ LQ DPRXQWHG PLOOLRQ W D FRQYHQWLRQDO IXHO 7KH QXPEHU RI GULOOLQJ ULJV LQ WKH V KDV UHDFKHG 0RZ WKH PDLQ SDUW RI $]HUEDLMDQL RLO H[WUDFWHG IURP WKH VHD WHUULWRULHV LV WDNHQ IURP OD\HUV DW GHSWKV of 80-350 meters. The layers rich in oil GHSRVLWV KDYH EHHQ GLVFRYHUHG *XQHVKOL &KLUDJ $]HUL 7KH ¿IWK VWDJH RI WKH 8665 WKH QHZ KLVWRU\ RI $]HUEDLMDQ FRYHULQJ WKH SHULRG RI LQGHSHQGHQFH LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI ³WKH QHZ RLO VWUDWHJ\´ $W SUHVHQW WKRXVDQGV RI WRQV RI RLO DUH SURGXFHG SHU GD\ $FFRUGLQJ WR IRUHFDVWV WKURXJKRXW 20 years, the total income from the H[SRUW RI RLO DQG JDV SURGXFWLRQ LV DURXQG 86 ELOOLRQ ,Q WKH VWDWH KDV SURGXFHG PLOOLRQ EDUUHOV ,Q &DOLIRUQLD EHFDPH WKH OHDGLQJ RLO SURGXFLQJ VWDWH

LQ WKH 86 DQG WUDGHG WKH QXPEHU RQH SRVLWLRQ EDFN DQG IRUWK ZLWK 2NODKRPD XS WLOO WKH \HDU 3URGXFWLRQ DW WKH YDULRXV RLO ¿HOGV LQFUHDVHG WR DERXW PLOOLRQ EDUUHOV E\ %\ SURGXFWLRQ KDV UHDFKHG PLOOLRQ barrels. 7KH GHYHORSPHQW RI &DOLIRUQLD RLO DOVR SUHVHQWHG FKDOOHQJHV WR WKH JHRORJLVW WKDW KDG EHHQ VHHQ LQ QR RWKHU RLO ¿HOG $V D UHVXOW WKH FRPSOH[LWLHV RI WKH JHRORJ\ RI 6RXWKHUQ &DOLIRUQLD OHDG WR D VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQFUHDVHG NQRZOHGJH RI SHWUROHXP JHRORJ\ DQG H[SORUDWLRQ %\ WKH HQG RI WKH /RQJ %HDFK )LHOG KDG SURGXFHG PLOOLRQ EDUUHOV RI FUXGH RLO PLOOLRQ EDUUHOV by 1950, and over 900 million barrels E\ 7KLV PDGH 6LJQDO +LOO RQH RI WKH PRVW SURGXFWLYH ¿HOGV SHU DFUH WKH ZRUOG KDV HYHU NQRZQ ,Q WKH HDUO\ V WKH 7H[DV &RPSDQ\ GHYHORSHG WKH ¿UVW PRELOH VWHHO EDUJHV IRU GULOOLQJ LQ WKH EUDFNLVK FRDVWDO DUHDV RI WKH *XOI RI 0H[LFR ,Q 3XUH 2LO &RPSDQ\ QRZ SDUW RI &KHYURQ &RUSRUDWLRQ DQG LWV SDUWQHU 6XSHULRU 2LO &RPSDQ\ QRZ SDUW RI ([[RQ 0RELO &RUSRUDWLRQ XVHG D ¿[HG SODWIRUP WR GHYHORS D ¿HOG LQ IHHW P RI ZDWHU RQH PLOH NP RIIVKRUH RI &DOFDVLHX 3DULVK /RXLVLDQD ,Q HDUO\ 6XSHULRU 2LO HUHFWHG D GULOOLQJ SURGXFWLRQ RLO SODWIRUP LQ IW P RI ZDWHU VRPH PLOHV >YDJXH@ RII 9HUPLOLRQ 3DULVK /RXLVLDQD ,W ZDV .HUU 0F*HH 2LO ,QGXVWULHV QRZ $QDGDUNR 3HWUROHXP &RUSRUDWLRQ DV RSHUDWRU IRU SDUWQHUV 3KLOOLSV 3HWUROHXP &RQRFR 3KLOOLSV DQG 6WDQROLQG 2LO *DV %3 WKDW FRPSOHWHG LWV KLVWRULF 6KLS 6KRDO %ORFN ZHOO LQ 2FWREHU PRQWKV EHIRUH 6XSHULRU DFWXDOO\ drilled a discovery from their Vermilion SODWIRUP IDUWKHU RIIVKRUH ,Q DQ\ FDVH WKDW PDGH .HUU 0F*HH¶V ZHOO WKH ¿UVW RLO GLVFRYHU\ GULOOHG RXW RI VLJKW RI ODQG 2Q -XQH LQ WKH 6RXWK &DVSLDQ EDVLQ RI %DNX DUFKLSHODJR ORFDWHG NP DZD\ IURP WKH FDSLWDO WKH VHFRQG ZHOO RI WKH ³+RSH´ GULOOLQJ SODWIRUP ZDV SHUIRUDWHG DQG ODXQFKHG 1R ZHOO RI WKH %DODNKDQL OD\HU LQ WKH UDQJH RI PHWHUV DORQJ WKH KRUL]RQ ZDV ODXQFKHG DW WKH ERWWRP RI WKH VHYHQWK RQH 7KH ZHOO¶V GDLO\ RXWSXW ZDV PLOOLRQ FXELF PHWHUV RI JDV DQG 150 tons of condensate. The information WKDW WKH ZHOO IURP ³8PLG´ ¿HOG KDG

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

ODUJH UHVHUYHV RI K\GURFDUERQV KDV EHHQ SURYHG E\ D PRUH YLVXDO ZD\ ,Q RUGHU WR WUDQVSRUW WKH JDV WR WKH VKRUH IURP WKH ¿HOG ³+RSH´ SODWIRUP ³%XOOD 'HQL]´ 1R ZHOO SLSHOLQH NLORPHWHUV ORQJ DQG LQFK ZLGH ZDV ODLG RQ WKH SLWFK 1DWXUDO JDV ZDV WR EH SURGXFHG IURP ³+RSH´ ³%XOOD 'HQL]´ ¿HOG 1R DQG WKHQ WR EH WUDQVSRUWHG WR WKH VKRUH %\ WKH HQG RI WKH /RQJ %HDFK )LHOG KDG SURGXFHG PLOOLRQ EDUUHOV RI FUXGH PLOOLRQ EDUUHOV E\ and over 900 million barrels by 1980. 7KLV PDGH 6LJQDO +LOO RQH RI WKH PRVW SURGXFWLYH ¿HOGV SHU DFUH WKH ZRUOG KDV HYHU NQRZQ 5HVXOWV 5HPRWH ORFDWLRQV EULQJ IRUZDUG WKH LVVXH RI XVLQJ WDQNHU WHFKQRORJ\ %HFDXVH RI &DOLIRUQLD¶V UHPRWH ORFDWLRQ LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH LQGXVWULDO FHQWHUV RI WKH HDVW &DOLIRUQLD RLO FRPSDQLHV ZHUH DW WKH IRUHIURQW RI WDQNHU WHFKQRORJLHV 7KDQNV WR WKH HIIRUWV RI $]HUEDLMDQ 3UHVLGHQW¶V LQLWLDWLYH LQ V V W\SHV RI FUDQHV OLIWLQJ KHDY\ ORDGV DQG PRUH WKDQ YHVVHOV SLSH VPRNLQJ YHVVHOV VHLVPLF SDVVHQJHU DQG RWKHU NLQGV RI VKLSV ZHUH EURXJKW 7KH ³$]HUEDLMDQ´ FUDQH VKLS EHJDQ WR ZRUN LQ WKH &DVSLDQ 6HD ZLWK WKH FDSDFLW\ RI WRQV ,Q DGGLWLRQ IRU WKH ¿UVW WLPH DW D GHSWK RI PHWHUV LQ RUGHU WR FDUU\ RXW H[SORUDWLRQ ZRUNV LQ WKH DUHDV RI ³.KD]DU´ DQG ODWHU RSHUDWLRQV DW WKH GHSWK RI PHWHUV WKH ³6KHOI´ VHPL VXEPHUVLEOH GULOOLQJ ULJV ZHUH XVHG DQG WKLV UHVXOWHG LQ WKH DFTXLVLWLRQ RI RLO DQG JDV LQ GHHSHU ZDWHUV 7KHUH ZDV DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ IRU WKH GLVFRYHU\ RI QHZ GHSRVLWV $V D UHVXOW FRPSDULQJ WR WKH HQG RI WKH V QHZ RLO DQG JDV ¿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

LQ &H\KDQ 7XUNH\ LQ WKH WZHQW\ ¿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¿UHG HOHFWULF JHQHUDWRU SODQWV IRU HOHFWULFLW\ JHQHUDWLRQ DV FRDO EXUQLQJ SODQWV DUH SKDVHG RXW 0RVW RI WKHVH SODQWV DUH FRJHQHUDWLRQ SODQWV WKDW XVH KLJK WHPSHUDWXUH EXUQLQJ JDV WR UXQ JDV WXUELQHV GULYHQ JHQHUDWRUV DQG XVH WKH FDSWXUHG WXUELQH H[KDXVW KHDW DV SRZHU IRU D VWHDP WXUELQH GULYHQ JHQHUDWRU VHW )XQGHG E\ WKH 6WDWH 2LO )XQG WKH 5HSXEOLF RI $]HUEDLMDQ JRYHUQPHQW DSSURYHG WKH ³6WDWH 3URJUDP RQ HGXFDWLRQ RI $]HUEDLMDQL \RXWK DEURDG for the years of 2007-2015. Its aim is the UHDOL]DWLRQ RI KXPDQ SRWHQWLDO WR FUHDWH D PRGHUQ FRXQWU\ WR LQFUHDVH WKH OHYHO RI HGXFDWLRQ RI WKH \RXQJ JHQHUDWLRQ DQG WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO OHYHO WKDW ZLOO IDFLOLWDWH UHDFKLQJ WKHVH JRDOV 7KH SURJUDP LV ¿QDQFHG E\ WKH 6WDWH 2LO )XQG DQG WKH ³EODFN JROG LQWR KXPDQ FDSLWDO´ LV D VWUDWHJLF VWHS WRZDUGV WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH LGHD ,Q 2FWREHU ³5HYHQXH :DWFK´ ,QVWLWXWH DQG WKH ³7UDQVSDUHQF\ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO´ RUJDQL]DWLRQ SXEOLVKHG D UHSRUW RQ WKH LQGH[ RI WUDQVSDUHQF\ LQ WKH PDQDJHPHQW RI QDWXUDO UHVRXUFHV $]HUEDLMDQ UDQNV DPRQJ FRXQWULHV )XQGV VHFWLRQ RI WKLV UHSRUW DQG WKH ([WUDFWLYH ,QGXVWULHV 7UDQVSDUHQF\ ,QLWLDWLYH 1DWXUDO 5HVRXUFHV VHFWLRQ RI WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ DUH DW WKH PD[LPXP L H SRLQWV $V D UHVXOW RI WKH VXFFHVV RI WKH QDWLRQDO RLO VWUDWHJ\ IRXQGHG E\ WKH OHDGHU RI WKH UHJLRQ DV ZHOO DV UHJLRQDO DQG JOREDO HFRQRPLF FRQGLWLRQ ³&RQWUDFW RI WKH &HQWXU\´ KDV EHHQ UHFRJQL]HG DV RQH RI WKH OHDGLQJ SOD\HUV DPRQJ RWKHU SURMHFWV :H ZRXOG OLNH JHRJUDSKHUV RI WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ IDFXOWLHV RI &DOLIRUQLD XQLYHUVLWLHV WR DVVLVW LQ RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI

VWXGHQWV¶ FRQIHUHQFHV ZLWK SDUWLFLSDWLRQ RI RXU VWXGHQWV $IWHU VXFK DQ HYHQW ZH FRXOG ¿QG QHFHVVDU\ LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW Californian sea shore and several most SDLQIXO SUREOHPV RI FRDVWDO RI ]RQHV LQ ERWK WHUULWRULHV DV ZHOO DV WKH ZD\V WR solve them. 2Q WKH ¿QDO VWDJH DOO JHR LQIRUPDWLRQ KDV EHHQ LQFOXGHG LQWR WKH JHR LQIRUPDWLRQ 'DWD %DQN ³*(2/$1'´ XVLQJ 0$3,1)2 JHRJUDSKLFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHP $OO ZRUNV DUH PDUNHWHG LQ 6FLHQWL¿F DQG Information Centre “GEOINFORMATICS $1' &20387(5 *(2*5$3+<´ DW WKH %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ ZZZ DOL QDEL\HY QDURG UX 5HIHUHQFHV 6WDWH 2LO )XQG RI WKH 5HSXEOLF RI $]HUEDLMDQ $VVHFF PRGH KWWS ZZZ RLOIXQG D] +H\GDU $OL\HY 2XU QDWLRQ¶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

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

1DUPLQD *DUDOL 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW $\WDM 0DPPDG]DGH 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 8. Nazifa Abasova - Senior /HFWXUHU %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW

1D]LP 'MDIDURY &DQGLGDWH RI Mathematics and Physics, Associate 3URIHVVRU %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 1DUPLQ $OL\HYD 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 1XUDQD <X]EDVKRYD 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV

$]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 5R\D 0DNKPXGOX 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW *XODUD =DO 5HVHDUFK $VVRFLDWH %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY

Union of commercial enterprises, businessmen, scientists, public figures and politicians from different countries. The union combines the social and commercial elements of functioning.

Promotion of international consolidation and cooperation of business structures Promotion of development of commercial businesses of various kinds Assistance in settlement of relations between businessmen with each other and with social partners in business environment Assistance in development of optimal industrial, financial, commercial and scientific policies in different countries Promotion of favorable conditions for business in various countries Assistance in every kind of development of all types of commercial, scientific and technical ties of businessmen of different countries with foreign colleagues Promotion of international trade turnover widening Initiation and development of scientific researches, which support the effective development of businesses and satisfy the economic needs of the society Expert evaluation of activities in the field of settlement of commercial disputes, establishment of quality standards and defining of factual qualitative parameters of goods and services Legal and consulting promotion of business Establishment and development of activities of the international commercial arbitration Exhibition activities Holding of business and economic forums

www.iuci.eu

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

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¿VK IDUPLQJ LQ WKH ZDWHU EDVLQ RI $]HUEDLMDQ DQG WKH 6WDWH RI &DOLIRUQLD 86$ $XWKRUV RI WKH UHSRUW DOVR RIIHU WKH GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH QDWXUDO FRQGLWLRQV RI ODNHV DQG ULYHU EDVLQV DV ZHOO DV FRDVWDO ]RQHV ZKHUH ¿VK IDUPLQJ LV GHYHORSHG LQ WKH VHOHFWHG FRXQWU\ .H\ZRUGV ¿VK IDUPLQJ FOLPDWLF ]RQH HWHVLDQ FOLPDWH PRGHUDWH FOLPDWH ZDWHU UHVRXUFHV LQWHUQDWLRQDO FROODERUDWLRQ ELRORJLVWV HFRQRPLFV UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV RI LQGXVWU\ &RQIHUHQFH SDUWLFLSDQWV 1DWLRQDO FKDPSLRQVKLS LQ VFLHQWL¿F DQDO\WLFV 'LJLWDO 2EMHFW ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQ KWWS G[ GRL RUJ JLVDS HVV Y L 7

OLPDWLF FRQGLWLRQV DUH TXLWH YDULRXV LQ $]HUEDLMDQ 7KHLU GLIIHUHQFH LV ¿UVW RI DOO FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH ORFDWLRQ RI $]HUEDLMDQ RQ WKH ZRUOG PDS LQ WKH VSRW ZKHUH PRGHUDWH DQG VXEWURSLFDO FOLPDWH ]RQHV PHHW DQG PL[ 0RVW RI WKH WHUULWRULHV RI $]HUEDLMDQ 5HSXEOLF EHORQJ WR VXEWURSLFDO FOLPDWLF ]RQH EXW RQO\ QRUWK HDVW RI WKH *UHDW &DXFDVXV UDQJH LV located in the moderate climatic zone. The climate in the State of California YDULHV IURP HWHVLDQ FOLPDWH WR VXEDUFWLF FOLPDWH $ ODUJH SDUW RI WKH 6WDWH LV XQGHU LQÀXHQFH RI HWHVLDQ FOLPDWH ,W¶V FRRO UDLQ\ ZLQWHU PRQWKV DQG GU\ VXPPHU PRQWKV DUH QDWXUDO IRU WKHVH ODQGV &RRO &DOLIRUQLD VWUHDP ÀRZLQJ E\ RFHDQ VKRUHV IUHTXHQWO\ EULQJV FDXVHV IRJJ\ ZHDWKHU WR WKH FRDVWDO DUHDV GXULQJ VXPPHU PRQWKV 6XPPHU PRQWKV DUH KRWWHU LQ LQODQG DUHDV ZLQWHU PRQWKV DUH FRROHU WKHUH 1RUWKHUQ SDUW RI WKH 6WDWH LV PRUH KXPLG WKDQ LWV VRXWKHUQ SDUW North-West of California has moderate climate. /RFDWLRQ RI $]HUEDLMDQ DQG WKH 6WDWH RI &DOLIRUQLD ZLWKLQ WKH VDPH FOLPDWLF ]RQH DQG RQ WKH VDPH ODWLWXGH KDV OHG WR VLPLODU QDWXUDO HQYLURQPHQW WKHUH 0DQ\ HFRQRPLF ¿HOGV KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHG LQ $]HUEDLMDQ DQG &DOLIRUQLD 2QH RI WKHVH HFRQRPLF DUHDV LV ¿VK IDUPLQJ LQGXVWU\ )LVKLQJ WULS ¿VKLQJ

C

LV WKH ROGHVW DQG YHU\ SRSXODU KREE\ RI PLOOLRQV RI SHRSOH 7KH ODUJHVW ULYHUV LQ $]HUEDLMDQ DUH $UDV DQG .XU EXW WKHUH DUH D ORW RI RWKHU ULYHUV DQG ODNHV 6DULVX LV WKH RQO\ ODNH ZKHUH FRPPHUFLDO ¿VKLQJ WULSV DUH DOORZHG UHJLRQDO ¿VKLQJ WULSV ZHUH SHUPLWWHG LQ 0LQKHFKDXU DQG 6KDPNLU ZDWHU UHVHUYRLUV -H\UDQEDWDQ ZDWHU UHVHUYRLU WKH FORVHVW UHVHUYRLU WR %DNX FDQQRW EH XVHG IRU WKH ¿VKLQJ SXUSRVHV ,W LV WKH VRXUFH RI GULQNLQJ ZDWHU IRU %DNX DQG 6XPJDLW 7KHUH DUH VSHFLHV RI ¿VK LQ $]HUEDLMDQ 0RVW RI WKHP DUH DQDGURPRXV DQG KDOI DQDGURPRXV 7KH PRVW YDOXDEOH DQDGURPRXV VSHFLHV RI ¿VK LQFOXGH VDOPRQ VWXUJHRQ VWHOODWH VWXUJHRQ DQG ZKLWH ¿VK $VSLXV &KDOFDOEXUQXV DQG HHO ¿VK DOVR DUH DQDGURPRXV 0HDW DQG FDYLDU RI VWXUJHRQ DUH YHU\ YDOXDEOH SURGXFWV %DVLQ RI $]HUEDLMDQ ZDWHU VRXUFHV LV DOVR LQKDELWHG E\ EUHDP FDUS URDFK DQG RPXO )LVK VSHFLHV VXFK DV KHUULQJ DUH WUROOHG KHUH 'XH WR WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI VRPH K\GUR WHFKQLFDO SODQWV RQ WKH .XU ULYHU UHJXODWLQJ ÀRZ RI ULYHU ZDWHU SROOXWLRQ RI ZDWHU LQ &DVSLDQ VHD OHDG WR WKH VLJQL¿FDQW UHGXFWLRQ LQ WKH QXPEHU RI ¿VK VSHFLHV ,Q RUGHU WR LPSURYH WKH VLWXDWLRQ DQG IRU ¿VKLQJ SXUSRVHV WR UHVWRUH ¿VK UHVRXUFHV DQG WR LQFUHDVH WKH QXPEHU RI ¿VK VSHFLHV WKUHH LQFXEDWRUV ZHUH EXLOW .XUDJK]L

$OLED\UDPOL DQG .XU H[SHULPHQWDO VWXUJHRQ LQFXEDWRU 9DOXDEOH ¿VK VSHFLHV VXFK DV VWXUJHRQ FDQ PDLQO\ EH IRXQG LQ WKH &DVSLDQ 6HD 7KHUHIRUH LQWHUQDWLRQDO FROODERUDWLRQ LV LPSRUWDQW LQ WKLV DUHD 7KLV FROODERUDWLRQ ZRXOG SURPRWH SURWHFWLRQ RI ¿VK UHVRXUFHV DQG ZRXOG LPSURYH ZDWHU HFRV\VWHPV ,W LV YHU\ LPSRUWDQW WR UHDFK WKHVH REMHFWLYHV DQG WR JXDUDQWHH SURWHFWLRQ DQG PDQDJHPHQW RI WKH VWXUJHRQ ¿VK 3ULQFLSOHV RI VXFK GHYHORSPHQW DUH WKH IROORZLQJ x 7R HYDOXDWH DQG DVVHVV VWXUJHRQ UHVRXUFHV LQ WKH &DVSLDQ VHD x )LVK UHSURGXFWLRQ FRQWURO DQG PDQDJHPHQW x International collaboration aimed DW LPSURYHPHQW RI ¿VK UHVRXUFHV DQG WKHLU XVDJH x 5HSURGXFWLRQ DQG LPSURYHPHQW RI ¿VK UHVRXUFHV LQ LQWHUQDO ZDWHU VRXUFHV x ([SDQVLRQ RI ¿VK ZLWK DUWL¿FLDOO\ LQFUHDVHG SRSXODWLRQ WR WKH &DVSLDQ 6HD )LVK WKDW FDQ EH IRXQG LQ $]HUEDLMDQ is allocated into several on the basis of VRPH SHFXOLDULWLHV 7KH ELJJHVW ¿VK IRU LWV VL]H DQG ZHLJKW EHOXJD 7KH ¿VK PRVW WUROOHG LQ $]HUEDLMDQ VSUDW ([SRUWLQJ PHDW DQG FDYLDU IURP WKH W\SHV RI VWXUJHRQ EHOXJD VWXUJHRQ DQG ORQJ QRVH ¿VK

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

7DE &DVSLDQ 6HD DQG LQODQG ZDWHUV FDWFK ± )LVK VSHFLHV

(tonnes) Bream

55

127

50

75

72

&DUS

93

51

10

13

17

20

17

9

9

&UXFLDQ FDUS

17

8

7

3

13

10

20

19

12

Roach

8

19

33

32

58

39

.XWXP

-

-

31

18

20

50

$VS

1

5

1

3

2

2

1

3

3LNH

28

25

9

10

8

5

3

1

-

0XOOHW

3

55

3

10

15

21

35

&DW¿VK

9

8

8

8

3

7

8

Sander

5

19

17

35

33

39

25

27

27

20

Goby

-

-

-

-

1

2

1

1

-

-

1

6WXUJHRQ

70

105

89

85

-

-

2

7URXW

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+HUULQJ

1

52

108

79

90

6SUDW

18 520

10 389

10 950

8 897

1020

839

708

Vimba

-

-

-

-

1

2

7

9

5

Shemava

-

-

7

8

5

5

10

18

2WKHU ¿VKHV VSHFLHV

-

-

2

8

13

8

10

18

2

7

2WKHU VRXUFHV $OO ¿VK FDXJKW E\ ¿VKHUV ZLWKRXW TXRWD

185

7 712

15 357

17 283

17 709

15 912

$OO ¿VK FDXJKW E\ ¿VKLQJ FRPSDQLHV

95

78

122

110

122

137

123

$TXDFXOWXUH SURGXFWLRQ

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

39

183

227

7RWDO YROXPH RI FDXJKW ¿VK

19 122

18 700

21 900

23 300

800

20 599

Source: State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2011).

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

7\SHV RI VWXUJHRQ VSHFLHV ZLWK DUWL¿FLDOO\ LQFUHDVHG SRSXODWLRQ LQ $]HUEDLMDQ EHOXJD NDUDPR VWXUJHRQ DQG VKRYHO QRVHG VWXUJHRQ 3ODFHV RI QDWXUDO VSDZQLQJ RI VWXUJHRQV ± .XU DQG $UDV ULYHUV 7\SHV RI VSUDWV LQ WKH &DVSLDQ VHD ± VSUDW ELJ H\HG VSUDW DQFKRY\ VSUDWV 7\SHV RI VDOPRQ OLYLQJ LQ $]HUEDLMDQL ZDWHU REMHFWV RI ¿VKLQJ YDOXH )LVKHV VSHQGLQJ DOO WKHLU OLIH F\FOH DW VHD ± VSUDW DQG KHUULQJV 7\SHV RI ¿VK WKDW FDQ EH IRXQG LQ WKH PDLQ ORFDWLRQV RI ¿VKLQJ WULSV 0LQJHFKDXU DQG 6KDPNLU ZDWHU UHVHUYRLUV ± EUHDP 7KH OHQJWK RI FRDVWOLQH RI &DOLIRUQLD is more than 1000 miles from San 'LHJR LQ WKH VRXWK WR &UHVFHQW FLW\ LQ WKH QRUWK )URP 6RXWKHUQ &DOLIRUQLD WR San Francisco and from Norman islands WR )DUDOORQ LVODQGV ¿VKLQJ LV D YHU\ LPSRUWDQW LQGXVWU\ 7KHUH DUH RFHDQ KDUYHVWV VXFK DV VHD HOYHV 'XQJHQHVV FUDEV VDOPRQV SLQN VKULPSV DQG JURXQG ¿VK LQ 1RUWKHUQ &DOLIRUQLD &RDVWOLQH ZDWHUV RI &HQWUDO &DOLIRUQLD DUH WKH VRXUFH RI VRPH W\SHV RI SURGXFWV URFN¿VK VTXLG VZRUG ¿VK DQG DOEDFRUH WXQD 7KHUH DUH PDFNHUHO ¿VKHV VTXLGV VDUGLQHV DQG PDFNHUHOV LQ WKH RFHDQ IURP 6RXWKHUQ &DOLIRUQLD WR 6DQWD %DUEDUD 3RLQW &RQFHSWLRQ LQ WKH QRUWK $FWXDOO\ WKLV ³ZHW¿VK´ FRYHUV PRUH WKDQ RI DQQXDO FRPPHUFLDO

EHQH¿WV RI WKH VWDWH 2WKHU VLJQL¿FDQW W\SHV RI ¿VKLQJ SURGXFWV IRXQG LQ VRXWKHUQ &DOLIRUQLD DUH VZRUG ¿VK VKDUNV SULFNO\ OREVWHUV FUDEV URFN¿VK DQG KDOLEXW VKULPSV DQG VHD HOYHV 3DFL¿F )LVKLQJ 0DQDJHPHQW &RXQFLO 3)0&

3)0& ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG LQ E\ WKH IHGHUDO OHJLVODWLRQ DFW NQRZQ DV 0DJQXVRQ 6WHYHQV )LVKHU\ &RQVHUYDWLRQ DQG 0DQDJHPHQW $FW )&0$ 7KLV DFW ZDV DGRSWHG LQ UHSO\ WR WKH LQFUHDVLQJ FRQFHUQ IRU XQUHJXODWHG IRUHLJQ ¿VKLQJ LQ WKH ZDWHUV RI 86$ 3)0& LQFOXGHV UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV RI FRPPHUFLDO DQG UHJLRQDO ¿VKHU\ LQWHUHVWV DV ZHOO DV VWDWH DQG IHGHUDO RI¿FLDOV %LRORJLVWV HFRQRPLFV DQG UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV RI LQGXVWU\ DUH VHUYLQJ DV FRQVXOWDQWV 5HVROXWLRQV PDGH E\ 3)0& VKRXOG EH DSSURYHG E\ WKH 86 0LQLVWU\ of Trade. &ODVVL¿FDWLRQ RI ¿VKHV LQ &DOLIRUQLD LV WKH IROORZLQJ *DULEDOGL ¿VK LQ WKH FRDVW RI 6RXWKHUQ &DOLIRUQLD DQG 0H[LFR &DOLIRUQLD VDOPRQ WURXW URFN¿VK \HOORZWDLO ZKLWH VHD EDVV FDOLFR EDVV UHG¿VK JROGHQ WURXW &DOLIRUQLD VKHHS KHDG OLQJFRG PDFNHUHO JUXQLRQ HWF 0DLQ W\SH SUHVHQWHG E\ &DOLIRUQLD 6HDIRRG &RXQFLO LV PDFNHUHO &DOLIRUQLD KDOLEXW PDFNHUHO JURXQG ¿VK URFN¿VK XVXDOO\ FDOOHG 3DFL¿F UHG SHUFK VRODU DQG VDQG EDVV VDUGLQHV ZKLWH EDVV VKDUNV VZRUG ¿VK DQG WXQHV VKHOO¿VK

3KRWR &DOLIRUQLD À\ ¿VKLQJ

PROOXVN W\SHV RI FUDEV &DOLIRUQLD SULFNO\ OREVWHUV 3DFL¿F VKULPSV SUDZQ DQG PDUNHW VTXLGV $SSUR[LPDWHO\ YDULRXV VSHFLHV RI ¿VK DQG OREVWHUV PROOXVNV FDQ EH IRXQG E\ WKH FRDVWV RI $ODVND DQG &DOLIRUQLD ZKHUH ¿VKHUPHQ WUROO ¿VKHV HYHU\ \HDU &DOLIRUQLD ¿VKHUPHQ XVH GLIIHUHQW KDUYHVWLQJ PHWKRGV WR JHW SUR¿WV Sacramento is one of the most FRQYHQLHQW SODFHV WR WUROO ¿VK /DNHV DQG ULYHUV DUH XVXDOO\ RSHQ KHUH 0RUHRYHU 0F&ORXG 3LW 5LYHU +DW &UHHN )DOO 5LYHU 0DQ]DQLWD /DNH 7ULQLW\ 5LYHU HWF DUH ¿VKHU\ UHJLRQV 7KHUH DUH WKH VDPH VSHFLHV RI ¿VK LQ WKH ZDWHUV RI $]HUEDLMDQ DQG &DOLIRUQLD ZKLWH EDVV VZRUG ¿VK JROGHQ WURXW WURXW HWF 2XU DLP LV WR VROYH WKH SUREOHPV RI ¿QGLQJ DUHDV KDYLQJ VLPLODU FOLPDWLF FRQGLWLRQV LQ RUGHU WR WUDQVIHU YDOXDEOH VSHFLHV RI ¿VK EHWZHHQ &DOLIRUQLD DQG $]HUEDLMDQ DQG DQDO\]LQJ QDWXUDO FRQGLWLRQV IRU WKHP LQ HDFK FRXQWU\ LQ RXU QH[W LQYHVWLJDWLRQV 2Q WKH ¿QDO VWDJH DOO JHR LQIRUPDWLRQ KDV EHHQ LQFOXGHG LQWR WKH JHR LQIRUPDWLRQ 'DWD %DQN ³*(2/$1'´ XVLQJ 0$3,1)2 JHRJUDSKLFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHP $OO ZRUNV DUH PDUNHWHG LQ 6FLHQWL¿F DQG Information Centre “GEOINFORMATICS $1' &20387(5 *(2*5$3+<´ DW WKH %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ ZZZ DOL QDEL\HY QDURG UX

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

5HIHUHQFHV )DXQD RI $]HUEDLMDQ $VVHFF PRGH HQ ZLNLSHGLD RUJ ZLNL )DXQDBRIB $]HUEDLMDQ &DOLIRUQLD ˪$VVHFF PRGH ]DSPHWD FRP )LVK )DUPV ,Q &DOLIRUQLD˪ 3K\VLFDO JHRJUDSK\ RI $]HUEDLMDQ 0 $ 0XVH\LERY ± %DNX ,QIRUPDWLRQ DERXW DXWKRUV $OSDVKD 1DEL\HY 6HQLRU /HFWXUHU %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 2. Tamella Shamilzade - Senior /HFWXUHU %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 6KH¿JH +XPEDWRYD /HFWXUHU %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV

$]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 1XUDQD $JKD\HYD /HFWXUHU %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW /DOH 1H]LURYD 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW (OPDU 0XVD]DGH 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 6DQELQD $JD\HYD 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW .RQXO *XOL\HYD 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 5XNVDUH 9HOL\HYD 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 0DOH\ND 0DPPDGRYD

6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 1XUDQH (\YD]OL 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW =XO¿\H $OODK\DURYD 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 8ONDU 5]DJXOX]DGH 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW 1RYUX] $KPHGRY 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW $\WDM 0DPPDG]DGH 6WXGHQW %DNX 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV $]HUEDLMDQ %DNX FLW\ H PDLO QDEL\HY#SLVHP QHW

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

QUICK-GROWING TREE SPECIES IN THE ASTANA CITY GREEN ZONE

ȻɕɋɌɊɈɊȺɋɌɍɓɂȿ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕȿ ɉɈɊɈȾɕ ȼ ɁȿɅȿɇɈɃ ɁɈɇȿ ɝ ȺɋɌȺɇȺ

' 6DUVHNRYD 'RFWRU RI $JULFXOWXUDO 6FLHQFH )XOO 3URIHVVRU .D]DNK 6WDWH $JURWHFKQLFDO 8QLYHUVLW\ QDPHG DIWHU 6 6H\IXOOLQ .D]DNKVWDQ

ɋɚɪɫɟɤɨɜɚ Ⱦ ɇ ɞ ɪ ɫ ɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɚɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ ɋ ɋɟɣɮɭɥɥɢɧɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ

7KH DXWKRU FRQVLGHUV WKH LVVXHV RI WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI TXLFN JURZLQJ WUHH VSHFLHV LQ WKH JUHHQ EHOW RI WKH FLW\ RI $VWDQD 7KLV VWXG\ LV DLPHG DW UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV RI WKH 6DOLFDFHDH IDPLO\ JURZQ LQ WKH ³%DWLV´ ³$VWDQD´ DQG ³.\]\O]KDU´ IRUHVWULHV ,Q WKH JUHHQ ]RQH RI WKH FLW\ RI $VWDQD DPRQJ WKH TXLFN JURZLQJ WUHH VSHFLHV JRRG JURZWK UDWH DQG GHYHORSPHQW DUH REVHUYHG LQ WKH .D]DNK SRSODU K\EULG SRSODU DQG ZKLWH ZLOORZ 7KHVH DUH UHFRPPHQGHG IRU XVLQJ LQ ODQGVFDSLQJ SXUSRVHV .H\ZRUGV TXLFN JURZLQJ VSHFLHV SRSODU JUHHQ EHOW IRUHVW FURSV

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɜ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɝ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɂɜɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɥɟɫɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ©Ȼɚɬɵɫª ©Ⱥɫɬɚɧɢɧɫɤɨɟª ɢ ©Ʉɵɡɵɥɠɚɪɫɤɨɟª ȼ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɝ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɵ ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɭ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɨɥɶ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɜɵ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɡɟɥɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɬɨɩɨɥɶ ɡɟɥɟɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɥɟɫɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ

&RQIHUHQFH SDUWLFLSDQW 1DWLRQDO FKDPSLRQVKLS LQ VFLHQWL¿F DQDO\WLFV 2SHQ (XURSHDQ DQG $VLDQ UHVHDUFK DQDO\WLFV FKDPSLRQVKLS

ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɟ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨ Ⱥɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɟ

'LJLWDO 2EMHFW ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQ KWWS G[ GRL RUJ JLVDS HVV Y L 8

ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɥɟɫɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɡɟɥɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɝ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɨɫɬɪɚɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ȼ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɝ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɩɢɬɨɦɧɢɤ ©Ⱥɤ ɤɚɣɵɧª ɊȽɉ ©ɀɚɫɵɥ ɚɣɦɚɤª ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɬɟɩɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɡɨɧɵ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɬɢɩɱɚɤɨɜɨ ɤɨɜɵɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɧɨ ɤɚɲɬɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɂɜɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɥɟɫɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ©Ȼɚɬɵɫª ©Ⱥɫɬɚɧɢɧɫɤɨɟª ɢ ©Ʉɵɡɵɥɠɚɪɫɤɨɟª Ʉɥɢɦɚɬ ɝ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɵ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɟɬɨ ɠɚɪɤɨɟ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɡɢɦɚ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɦɚɥɨɫɧɟɠɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɫɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɪɨɤ ɞɧɟɣ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɭɪɨɜɚɹ ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɪɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɞɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ± ɋ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɣ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɢɦɵ ɞɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɨ ± ɋ ȼɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ > @ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹɦ > @ Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ

ɬɚɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɯɨɞ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ ɇ ɉ Ⱥɧɭɱɢɧɚ > @ ɢ ȼ Ɇ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚ > @ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɇɂɊɉɅ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ Ⱥ ɇ Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜɵɦ ɉɪɢɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ > @ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

Ɉ

· § ¨ ȿ %¸ © ¹ u

ɝɞɟ ɉ ± ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɀ ± ɱɢɫɥɨ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɲɬ ɋ ± ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɨɦɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɲɬ ɑ ± ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɲɬ ɉɪɢɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɥɟɫɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ©Ȼɚɬɵɫª ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɬɟɩɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɞɡɨɧɟ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɬɢɩɱɚɤɨɜɨ ɤɨɜɵɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɣ Ʌɟɫɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɲɟɫɬɢɪɹɞɧɵɦɢ ɤɭɥɢɫɚɦɢ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɤɭɥɢɫ ± ɦ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɢɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜ ± ɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɪɹɞɢɣ ± ɦ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɂ Ɍ Ɍ Ɍ Ɍ ɂ Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ± ɦ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ± ɦ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɝɚ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ± ɲɬ ɢɜɵ ɛɟɥɨɣ ± ɲɬ ɤɜ ȼ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɝɚ ɉɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɨɞɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ

ɭɤɨɪɟɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɱɟɪɟɧɤɚɦɢ Ⱥɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɯɨɞɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɞɜɭ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɪɹɞɶɹɯ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɚɟɤ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɥɢɜɵ Ȼɵɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɛɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɬɚɛɥ Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɩɹɬɢɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɦ ɢɜɚ ɛɟɥɚɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ ɜɟɧɧɨ ɦ ɢ ɫɦ ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɤɪɨɧɵ ɭ ɢɜɵ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɭ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɦ Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɥɟɫɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ ɜɵɞɟɥ ʋ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɝɚ Ɍɢɩ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɤɭɥɢɫ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɟ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɢɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ± ɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɪɹɞɢɣ ± ɦ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɋɦ Ɍɝ Ɍɝ Ɍɝ Ɍɝ ɂ ± ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɚ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤ Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ± ɦ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɦ Ƚɭɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɢ ± ɲɬ ɝɚ ȼɫɟɝɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɫɚɠɟɧɨ ɲɬɭɤ ɭɤɨɪɟɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɟɧɤɨɜ ɉɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɝɨɞɚ ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɟɥɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɡɚɦɟɪɵ ɛɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

Ɍɚɛɥ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɡɚɦɟɪɨɜ ɛɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɞ

ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬ

Ɍɨɩɨɥɶ ɛɟɥɵɣ

ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ

ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ

ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɦ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɦ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɤɪɨɧɵ ɦ

[ P

į

0,239

0,193

9

7,9

10,2

18

Ɋ

1,8

[ P

į

0,333

0,158

9

21

12,8

Ɋ

5

ɂɜɚ ɛɟɥɚɹ

5

ɬɚɛɥ ɋɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɨɣ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɜɚ ɛɟɥɚɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ± Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɢɜɚ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɦɨɪɨɞɢɧɨɣ ɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɦ ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɬɚɛɥ Ɍɚɛɥ Ȼɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɨɝɨ

ɜ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɝɪɭɞɢ ɢ ɭ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɲɟɣɤɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɤɪɨɧɵ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɪɹɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɤ ɪɹɞɚ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɝɪɭɞɢ ɫɦ ɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɭ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɲɟɣɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɫɦ ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ

ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ Ɍɨɩɨɥɶ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɬɨɩɨɥɶ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɥɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɥɟɫɨɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɜɵɫɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɢɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɬɨɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɥɟɬɧɟɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ Fɦ

ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɤɪɨɧɵ ɫɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɭ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɦ ɲɟɣɤɢ ɫɦ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɤ ɪɹɞɚ

Ɍɨɩɨɥɶ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɣ

[ P

į

0,09

0,1

8,5

9

7,9

7,9

20,2

20,8

Ɋ

2,3

72,5

7,9

2,8

3,0 Ɍɚɛɥ

Ȼɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɨɫɟɧɶ ɝɨɞɭ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɫɦ ɉɨɪɨɞɚ

ɋɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ

ɜɵɫɨɬɚ

ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ

ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɧɵ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɪɹɞɚ

ɩɨɩɟɪɟɤ ɪɹɞɚ

Ɍɨɩɨɥɶ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ

71,3

Ɍɨɩɨɥɶ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɣ

58,5

ɋɦɨɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɚɹ

-

ɂɜɚ ɛɟɥɨɣ

97,8

-

Ɍɚɛɥ

Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɉɪɢɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɝɨɞɚɦ

ʋ ɩ ɩ

Ⱦɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɚ

2012

2013

1

Ɍɨɩɨɥɶ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ

2

Ɍɨɩɨɥɶ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɣ

58,5

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɬɨɩɨɥɶ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɬɨɩɨɥɟɦ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɡɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ± ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɯɨɬɹ ɧɢɝɞɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɭɦɭɫɚ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ ɞɨ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɫɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɋɈ2 ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɫɥɚɛɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɉɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɦ ɫɥɨɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɟ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɝ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɡɟɥɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɜɚ ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɩɨɥɶ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɩɨɥɶ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɣ ɢ ɢɜɚ ɛɟɥɚɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɜɲɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ

5HIHUHQFHV 1 9 /HEHGHYD L GU *HRJUD¿MD L PRQLWRULQJ ELRUD]QRREUD]LMD >*HRJUDSK\ DQG PRQLWRULQJ RI ELRGLYHUVLW\@ ± 0RVNYD L]GDWHO¶VWYR 1DXFKQRJR L XFKHEQR PHWRGLFKHVNRJR FHQWUD >3XEOLVKLQJ KRXVH RI WKH 6FLHQWL¿F DQG HGXFDWLRQDO PHWKRGLFDO FHQWUH@ ± S $QGURQRY 1 0 2SUHGHOLWHO¶ GUHYHVQ\K UDVWHQLM SR OLVW¶MDP >'HWHUPLQDQW RI ZRRG SODQWV E\ OHDYHV@ ± S $QXFKLQ 1 3 /HVQDMD WDNVDFLMD 8FKHEQLN GOMD 98=RY >)RUHVW YDOXDWLRQ 7KH WH[WERRN IRU +LJKHU (GXFDWLRQ ,QVWLWXWLRQV@ 1 3 $QXFKLQ ± 0RVNYD /HVQDMD SURP\VKOHQQRVW¶ >)RUHVW LQGXVWU\@ ± S 9DVLO¶HY 9 0 /HVRSDUNRYRH KR]MDMVWYR >$HVWKHWLF IRUHVWU\@ 9 0 9DVLO¶HY ± 0RVNYD ,]GDWHO¶VWYR PLQLVWHUVWYD NRPPXQDO¶QRJR KR]MDMVWYD 56)65 > 3XEOLVKLQJ KRXVH RI WKH PLQLVWU\ RI PXQLFLSDO VHUYLFHV RI 56)65@ ± S 'DQFKHQNR 0 $ .DEDQRYD 6 $ . UD]UDERWNH WHKQRORJLL IRUPLURYDQLMD lanshaftov i lesonasazhdenii na territorii ]HOHQRM ]RQ\ JRURGRY QD SULPHUH J $VWDQD >2Q WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH ODQGVFDSH IRUPLQJ WHFKQRORJ\ and afforestation in the territory of a JUHHQ ]RQH RI WKH FLWLHV RQ WKH FLW\ RI $VWDQD H[DPSOH @ YHVWQLN 7RPVNRJR

JRVXGDUVWYHQQRJR XQLYHUVLWHWD >%XOOHWLQ RI 7RPVN VWDWH XQLYHUVLW\@ 1R S Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɇ ȼ Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ± Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɇɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ± ɫ Ⱥɧɞɪɨɧɨɜ ɇ Ɇ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɦ ± ɫ Ⱥɧɭɱɢɧ ɇ ɉ Ʌɟɫɧɚɹ ɬɚɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ȼɍɁɨɜ ɇ ɉ Ⱥɧɭɱɢɧ ± Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ Ʌɟɫɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ± ɫ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜ ȼ Ɇ Ʌɟɫɨɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ȼ Ɇ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜ ± Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɊɋɎɋɊ ɫ Ⱦɚɧɱɟɧɤɨ Ɇ Ⱥ Ʉɚɛɚɧɨɜɚ ɋ Ⱥ Ʉ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɚɧɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɢ ɥɟɫɨɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɝ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ ɜɟɫɬɧɢɤ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ʋ ɫ ,QIRUPDWLRQ DERXW DXWKRU 'DQL 6DUVHNRYD 'RFWRU RI $JULFXOWXUDO VFLHQFH )XOO 3URIHVVRU .D]DNK 6WDWH $JURWHFKQLFDO 8QLYHUVLW\ QDPHG DIWHU 6 6H\IXOOLQ DGGUHVV .D]DNKVWDQ $VWDQD FLW\ H PDLO GDQL #PDLO UX

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

INNOVATIVE METHODS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FORMATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə ȼ ɊȿɋɉɍȻɅɂɄȿ ɄȺɁȺɏɋɌȺɇ

0 6X\XQFKDOL\HYD 3RVWJUDGXDWH 6WXGHQW $O )DUDEL .D]DNK 1DWLRQDO 8QLYHUVLW\ .D]DNKVWDQ

&ɭɸɧɱDɥɢɟɜD Ɇ Ɇ ɦDɝɢFɬɪ ɷɤɨɧ ɧɚɭɤ ɄDɡDɯFɤɢɣ ɇDɰɢRɧDɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪFɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ Dɥɶ ɎDɪDɛɢ ɄDɡDɯFɬDɧ

5HOHYDQFH RI WKLV GLUHFWLRQ LV LQ IRFXVLQJ RQ WKH VROXWLRQ RI LVVXHV ZLWKRXW H[DJJHUDWLRQ FUXFLDO IRU IXUWKHU GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH VWDWH ,W LV TXLWH FOHDU WKDW ODWHO\ VRPH VWHSV LQ LQQRYDWLYH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH FRXQWU\ KDYH EHHQ QRWLFHG LQ .D]DNKVWDQ .H\ZRUGV LQQRYDWLRQV LQQRYDWLYH PHWKRGV WHFKQRORJLHV VWUDWHJ\ RI LQGXVWULDO DQG LQQRYDWLYH GHYHORSPHQW ¿QDQFLQJ RI SURJUDPV VWDWH VHFWRU RI HFRQRP\

Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɶɛɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ȼɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɲɚɝɢ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɝɨɫɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ

&RQIHUHQFH SDUWLFLSDQW 1DWLRQDO FKDPSLRQVKLS LQ VFLHQWL¿F DQDO\WLFV

ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɟ

'LJLWDO 2EMHFW ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQ KWWS G[ GRL RUJ JLVDS HVV Y L 0

ɑ

ɢɬɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɄ ɨɬ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɜɢɞɢɲɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɇ Ⱥ ɇɚɡɚɪɛɚɟɜ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɭ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɛɵ ɭɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɭ ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɶɛɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ȼɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɲɚɝɢ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɊɄ ɧɚ ɝɝ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɊɄ ɧɚ ɝɝ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ©ɉɚɪɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣª ɢ ɞɪ ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɧɚɲɚ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦ-

ɤɚɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɊɄ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ± ɝɨɫɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ ɫɬɜɨ ± ɫɨɸɡ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ± ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɪɦ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɫɜɟɠɢɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ > @ ɉɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ Ɉɬɱɟɬɚ ɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɭɦɚ ɝɝ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɦɢɪɚ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɍɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɚ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɚɤɪɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɨɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ

ɧɚɲɥɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɞɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɞɵ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɧɚ ɝɨɞɵ ɉɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟɦ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ©Ɉ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª ɇɨɜɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɛɵɥ ɞɚɧ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɧɚ ɝɨɞɵ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɍɤɚɡɨɦ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɨɬ ɦɚɪɬɚ ɝɨɞɚ ʋ ɞɚɥɟɟ ȽɉɎɂɂɊ ɧɚ ɝɨɞɵ Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ Ɉɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɞɵ Ɇɟɠɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɞɨ ɝɨɞɚ Ɇɟɪɵ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɜ Ɂɚɤɨɧɟ ©Ɉ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª ɜ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɚɯ Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɭɞɜɨɟɧɨ ɦɥɪɞ ɬɟɧɝɟ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɨ ɤ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭ

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ ȼɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɟ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɬɨɜɨɟ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɚɯ ȼ ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɥ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɢ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɭɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɬɨɪɨɜ $ ɭɠɟ ɤ ɝɨɞɚɦ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ©ɉɚɪɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣª ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ©ɡɟɥɟɧɵɯª ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ Ȼɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɥɶɝɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɥɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ©ɉɚɪɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣª ɉɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ©ɉɚɪɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣª ɫɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɦɥɧ ɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜ ɋɒȺ Ȼɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚɬɶ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ©ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɦɢª ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ ɂɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɜɢɞɢɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɲɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɨɩɭ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɜ Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɭɦɚ ɫɦ ɬɚɛɥ ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ȼɵɫɲɟɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɫɨɜɟɬɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɵ Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɞɨ ɦɥɪɞ ɬɟɧɝɟ ɞɨɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɵɪɨɫ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɞɨ ɦɥɪɞ ɬɟɧɝɟ ȼ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ ɩɨɤɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɇɂɈɄɊ ɢɡ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɚɱɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɛɟɡ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɹɞ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɦɢɪɚ ɤ ɝɨɞɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ȼ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɬɟɦɭ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɗɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɲɟɥ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɍɫɢɥɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɟɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɪɚɡ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɥɢ ɧɟɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɞɨ ɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɥɶɫɵ ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɜɫɟɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɇɨ ɭɠɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫ-

ɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɬ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɞɟɣ ɞɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɊɄ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɮɨɪɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȽɉɎɂɂɊ ɧɚ ɝɨɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɢ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ ɥɟɬ ɗɬɚ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ȽɉɎɂɂɊ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ȼ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɨɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȽɉɎɂɂɊ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ± ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ± ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ± ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɯ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɐɟɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ± ɪɨɫɬ ȼȼɉ ɧɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢ ɝɨɞɚɦɢ ± ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɧɚ ± ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ ± ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ȼȼɉ ɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ > ȽɉɎɂɂɊ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɟɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ Ⱦɨɪɨɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɟ ɝɨɞɚ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȽɉɎɂɂɊ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ©ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ª ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɟɧɞɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɟɦ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧ-

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

Ɍɚɛɥ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɊɄ ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ

ɞɨ

ɞɨ

ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ

2011

2015

2020

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

15

35

100

ɑɢɫɥɨ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɭɤ 3K' ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɯ

15

50

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɫ ɝɨɞɚ

1000

2000

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɭɦɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ©ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚª ɦɟɫɬɨ

103

80

50

Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɭɦɚ

51

Ɇɟɫɬɨ ©ɇɚɡɚɪɛɚɟɜ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚª ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɚɯ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ

-

-

100

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɭɩɨɤ ɜ

-

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɤɭ ɤ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ©ɉɚɪɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣª

0

5

10

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ

7,1

20

50

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ

1-2

15

30

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ

35

50

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ

3

10

25

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ

-

ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ

ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

3

10

30

ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɡɧɨɫɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ

29

20

15

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɹɬɨɝɨ ɲɟɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ

10

20

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ

0,5

1

3

Ⱦɨɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ

15

50

100

Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ

3,8

7

15

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

ɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ Ȼɚɧɤɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɮɨɧɞɭ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɵ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ȽɉɎɂɂɊ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɦɟɠɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɞɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɝɪɚɧɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɬɨɪɵ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ > @ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɚɛɵɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɚɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɤ

ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɡɚɤɭɩɨɤ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɥɶɝɨɬɵ ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɷɬɢ ɦɟɪɵ ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɱɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɣɦɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ > @ 5HIHUHQFHV 3RVODQLH 3UH]LGHQWD 5HVSXEOLNL .D]DKVWDQ 1 1D]DUEDHYD QDURGX .D]DKVWDQD RW QRMDEUMD J >7KH PHVVDJH RI WKH 3UHVLGHQW RI WKH .D]DNKVWDQ 5HSXEOLF 1 1D]DUED\HY WR WKH SHRSOH RI .D]DNKVWDQ 1RYHPEHU @

$JHQWVWYR 5. SR VWDWLVWLNH >5. VWDWLVWLFV DJHQF\@ $VVHFF PRGH ZZZ JRY VWDW N] 2E]RU LQQRYDFLRQQRJR UD]YLWLMD .D]DKVWDQD >5HYLHZ RI LQQRYDWLYH GHYHORSPHQW RI .D]DNKVWDQ@ 3URJUDPP\ SR UD]YLWLMX LQQRYDFLM L VRGHMVWYLMX WHKQRORJLFKHVNRM PRGHUQL]DFLL Y 5HVSXEOLNH .D]DKVWDQ QD JJ >3URJUDPV IRU GHYHORSPHQW RI LQQRYDWLRQV DQG SURPRWLRQ RI WHFKQRORJLFDO PRGHUQL]DWLRQ LQ WKH 5HSXEOLF RI .D]DNKVWDQ @ Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɉɨɫɥɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɇ ɇɚɡɚɪɛɚɟɜɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɭ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɝ Ⱥɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɊɄ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɟ Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɨ ɧɚ ZZZ JRY VWDW N] Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɧɚ ɝɝ ,QIRUPDWLRQ DERXW DXWKRU 0D\D 6X\XQFKDOL\HYD 3RVWJUDGXDWH 6WXGHQW RI (FRQRPLFDO 6FLHQFHV $O )DUDEL .D]DNK 1DWLRQDO 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV .D]DNKVWDQ $OPDW\ FLW\ H PDLO PD\D WLPXU#PDLO UX

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF SOILS OF THE SARYARKINSK DISTRICT OF THE ASTANA CITY FOR THE WOOD USEFULNESS DEGREE ASSESSMENT

ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽ ɉɈɑȼ ɋȺɊɕȺɊɄɂɇɋɄɈȽɈ ɊȺɃɈɇȺ ȽɈɊɈȾȺ ȺɋɌȺɇɕ ȾɅə ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ɋɌȿɉȿɇɂ ɅȿɋɈɉɊɂȽɈȾɇɈɋɌɂ

' 6DUVHNRYD 'RFWRU RI $JULFXOWXUDO 6FLHQFH )XOO 3URIHVVRU .D]DNK 6WDWH $JURWHFKQLFDO 8QLYHUVLW\ QDPHG DIWHU 6 6H\IXOOLQ .D]DNKVWDQ

ɋɚɪɫɟɤɨɜɚ Ⱦ ɇ ɞ ɪ ɫ ɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɚɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ ɋ ɋɟɣɮɭɥɥɢɧɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ

,Q WKH DUWLFOH RQH FDQ ¿QG UHVXOWV RI WKH VWXG\ RI DTXDWLF SK\VLFDO DQG FKHPLFDO SURSHUWLHV RI WKH VRLO ZKLFK KDYH VKRZQ WKDW WKH FUHDWLRQ RI JUHHQ SODQWLQJV RQ VDOLQH VRLOV LQ $VWDQD UHTXLUHV D VSHFLDO DSSURDFK WR WKH ZDWHU UHJLPH UHJXODWLRQ DQG LPSURYHPHQW RI WKHLU IHUWLOLW\ .H\ZRUGV JUHHQ SODQWLQJV ZDWHU UHJLPH VRLO VWUDWD DONDOLQH reaction, carbonates.

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɝ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɳɚ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵ

&RQIHUHQFH SDUWLFLSDQW 1DWLRQDO FKDPSLRQVKLS LQ VFLHQWL¿F DQDO\WLFV 2SHQ (XURSHDQ DQG $VLDQ UHVHDUFK DQDO\WLFV FKDPSLRQVKLS

ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɟ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨ Ⱥɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɟ

'LJLWDO 2EMHFW ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQ KWWS G[ GRL RUJ JLVDS HVV Y L 9

Ɂ

ɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɠɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɪɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɇɚ ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɚɯ ɫɩɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɥɸɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɉɨɱɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɋɚɪɵɚɪɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɤɨɩɤɢ ɂɡ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ʋ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɝɪɚɞɨɡɟɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɭɦɭɫɚ ɫɦ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɪɇ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɋɈ2 ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɭɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɫɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ ɬɨ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɫɦ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɞɨ ȼɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɩɨɱɜɵ

ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɢɠɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɚ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɫɦ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɹɡɧɨ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ ɬɚɛɥ ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜɨɞɧɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ȼ ɥɟɬɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɢɜɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɱɚɳɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɂ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɫɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɫɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɨ Ʉɨɧɬɭɪ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɦ ʋ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɭɦɭɫɚ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɫɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɜɧɢɡ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɫɦ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɚ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɫɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɪɇ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɋɈ2. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɚɧɢɨɧ 62 ± ɢɡ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɜ

ɧɚɬɪɢɣ 1D+ Ɍɢɩ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɣ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Ɋ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɫɦ ɫɥɨɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɫɦ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɫɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɉɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɦ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɦɟɥɤɨɩɟɫɱɚɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɵɥɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɪɟɫɬɚɜɪɚɰɢɸ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɜɵ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ > @ ɉɨɱɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɳɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɦ ʋ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɭɦɭɫɵ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɫɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɇ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɋɈ2 ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɫɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ Ƚɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ

ʋ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɥɚɛ

1

2

3

5

7

8

9

10

11

ʋ ɩ ɩ

1

2

3

5

7

8

9

10

11

ʋ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ

2

1

Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɫɦ

20-30

10-20

0-10

20-30

10-20

0-10

8,20

8,35

8,70

ɪɇ

1,72

3,33

1,19

1,17

3,20

ɋɈ2

ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ

Ƚɭɦɭɫ

ɝɢɩɫ

0,19 0,007

0,52

0 0 0

0,270

0,80 0,028 0,055 0,058 1,72

0,037 0,033 0,029

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0,129

0,083

10,20

5,31

0,020

1,00

0,305

15,25

0,030

0,075

0,030

2,50

0,017

1,39

0,012

1,00

0,012

0,98

0,010

0,80

0,280

0,020

0,50

0,015

1,23

0,230

11,50

0,130

7,82

0,135

2,81

0

0,72

0,029

0

0,800

0,22

0

0,731

15,23

13,58

0,008

0,007

0,032

0

0,20

0

0,355

0,80

0

3,28

0,50

0,012

0J2+

Ca2+

0,87

SO ±

0,229

0,18

0,007

0,20

CI±

0,70

0 0

1,00

0 0

ɇɋɈ3±

ɋɈ3 ±

ɦɝ ɷɤɜ ɧɚ ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɤ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɟ

0,023

1,00

0,075

0,075

2,35

0,039

1,70

0,025

1,08

0,025

1,08

0,028

1,20

0,028

1,20

0,023

0,98

0,018

Na+

0,009

0,229

0,009

0,010

0,010

0,25

0,009

0,002

0,05

0,003

0,07

0,11

0,007

0,17

0,008

0,21

Ʉ+

0,505

1,052

0,273

1,180

1,087

0,980

0,579

0,387

0,52

1,08

1,11

0,28

1,21

1,11

1,00

0,59

Ɍɚɛɥ

ɋɭɦɦɚ ɫɨɥɟɣ

ɋɭɯɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɜ

Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ

GISAP EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

3

5

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

15

17

18

19

28

29

3

5

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

15

17

18

19

28

29

30

2

2

30

1

10

7

5

3

2

1

20,81

0-20

52,97

19,72

22,77

0-20

0-20

0-20

29,21

50,22

38,79

25,82

0-20

51,23

53,90

3,22

5,59

2,72

12,33

3,91

0,01-0,005

1,91

12,0

5

0,83

12,02

3,55

0,33

7,87

2,27

51,58

0,05-0,01

9,20

8,71

8,31

15,71

9,38

11,88

5,17

9,99

1,05

3,89

11,00

0,005-0,001

1,57

7,00

5,78

3,70

13,78

0,13

1,57

9,90

7,19

3,20

3,53

0,001

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɤ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɟ 0,25-0,05

23,00

30,53

18,18

28,00

0-20

27,87

1-0,25

0-20

Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɫɦ

11,97

22,31

21,87

31,72

37,58

27,38

22,72

5,71

22,03

25,97

0-20

39,80

5,81

8,80

19,57

11,35

27,99

22,13

72,01

71,58

77,87

87,32

8,28

9,72

9,09

9,21

7,07

7,12

5,09

5,73

8,38

5,20

88,03

Ɍɚɛɥ

Ƚɢɝɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɥɚɝɚ

73,79

78,13

81,51

77,28

> 0,01

ɫɭɦɦɚ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

ʋ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ɢ ʋ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ

1

ʋ ɩ ɩ

Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɱɜɵ

GISAP EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

ɫɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɧɵɦ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɭɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɦɢ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɉɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɳɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɵ Ɂɚɦɟɬɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɉɨɱɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɳɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɦ ʋ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɭɦɭɫɵ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɫɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɇ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɋɈ2 ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɫɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ Ƚɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɫɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɧɵɦ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɭɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɦɢ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɉɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɳɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɚ Ɂɚɦɟɬɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɉɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɦ ʋ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɭɦɭɫɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɫɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɋɈ2 ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɫɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɚɛɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɫɦ ɫɥɨɣ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɭɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ Ʌɟɝɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɩɪɟɫɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ ɍɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ-

ɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ʋ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɇ ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɭɦɭɫɵ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ Ɍɚɤ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɭɦɭɫɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɫɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɚ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɫɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɋɈ2 ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɚɧɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɚɧɢɨɧ 62 ± ɢɡ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɜ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ Ƚɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɫɦ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɣ > @ Ⱦɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɭɦɭɫɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɡɚɯ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟ ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɵ ʋ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɱɜ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɭɦɭɫɵ ɧɢɡɤɨɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɋɈ2 ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɨ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɫɦ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɨ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɨ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɉɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɫɭɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɂɡ ɡɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɝɭɦɭɫɚ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɍɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɝɞɟ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɵ ʋ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɯɨɬɹ ɧɢɝɞɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ȼɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɭɦɭɫɵ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ ɞɨ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ

ɫɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɋɈ2 ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɯ ʋ ɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɫɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɞɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɉɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɦ ɫɥɨɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɜ ɥɟɝɤɨɫɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɟ ɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɟ ɍ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɚɛɨɟ ɭɬɹɠɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɗɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɡɟɥɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɜɚ 5HIHUHQFHV *UHFKLQ , 3 .DXULFKHY , 6 1LNRO¶VNLM 1 1 3DQRY 1 3 3RGGXEQ\M 1 1 3UDNWLNXP SR SRFKYRYHGHQLMX >:RUNVKRS RQ VRLO VFLHQFH@ 0RVNYD .RORV S 0LKDMORY , 6 0RUIRORJLFKHVNRH RSLVDQLH SRFKY\ >0RUSKRORJLFDO GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH VRLO@ 0RVNYD 1DXND >6FLHQFH@ S Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ Ƚɪɟɱɢɧ ɂ ɉ Ʉɚɭɪɢɱɟɜ ɂ ɋ ɇɢɤɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɇ ɇ ɉɚɧɨɜ ɇ ɉ ɉɨɞɞɭɛɧɵɣ ɇ ɇ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ ɩɨ ɩɨɱɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ Ʉɨɥɨɫ ɋ Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜ ɂ ɋ Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɇɚɭɤɚ ɫ ,QIRUPDWLRQ DERXW DXWKRU 'DQL 6DUVHNRYD 'RFWRU RI $JULFXOWXUDO VFLHQFH )XOO 3URIHVVRU .D]DNK 6WDWH $JURWHFKQLFDO 8QLYHUVLW\ QDPHG DIWHU 6 6H\IXOOLQ DGGUHVV .D]DNKVWDQ $VWDQD FLW\ H PDLO GDQL #PDLO UX

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

SPECTRAL AND HARMONIC ANALYSIS IN CLASSIFICATION AND STRUCTURING OF DATA

ɋɉȿɄɌɊȺɅɖɇɈ ȽȺɊɆɈɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ȼ ɄɅȺɋɋɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɂ ɂ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɂɊɈȼȺɇɂɂ ȾȺɇɇɕɏ

9 &KHUQ\DN &DQGLGDWH RI 7HFKQLFDO 6FLHQFHV $VVRFLDWH 3URIHVVRU 1ɚWLRQDO 0LQLQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ 8NUDLQH

ɑɟɪɧɹɤ ȼ ɂ ɤɚɧɞ ɬɟɯɧ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ

:H FRQVLGHU WKH RYHUDOO EORFN GLDJUDP RI LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI FODVVL¿FDWLRQ RQ WKH EDVLV RI VSHFWUDO DQG KDUPRQLF DQDO\VLV SULQFLSOHV 7KH GDWD RQ WKH DSSOLHG LQWURGXFWLRQ RI ORJLFDO FRQFOXVLRQV DQG VWUXFWXUHV RIIHUHG E\ WKH DXWKRU LV SUHVHQWHG .H\ZRUGV FODVVL¿FDWLRQ W\SRORJ\ ORJLF VFKHPH VSHFWUDO DQG harmonic analysis.

Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɉɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ

&RQIHUHQFH SDUWLFLSDQW 1DWLRQDO FKDPSLRQVKLS LQ VFLHQWL¿F DQDO\WLFV 2SHQ (XURSHDQ DQG $VLDQ UHVHDUFK DQDO\WLFV FKDPSLRQVKLS

ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɟ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨ Ⱥɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɟ

'LJLWDO 2EMHFW ,GHQWL¿FDWLRQ KWWS G[ GRL RUJ JLVDS HVV Y L 1

Ʉ

ɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɥɚɬ. classis ± ɪɚɡɪɹɞ ɢ ɥɚɬ. facere ± ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ± ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɥɟɟ > @ Ɍɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ ± ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɚɤ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ > @ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɂ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ©ɩɨɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɱɟɫɬɶª ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɜɨɢ ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ©ɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɦɢª ɚ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɝɪɟɲɚɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫ-

ɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɚɹ ɜɫɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢ ɬɢɩɵ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɭɦɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ȼ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ > @ ȼ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɨɞɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɉɛɴɺɦ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɚɜɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɴɺɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɑɥɟɧɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɉɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɦ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɱɢɫɬɨɟ ɞɜɭɱɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɯɨɬɨɦɢɸ « K ɪɢɫ ɚ Ⱦɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɫ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɏɚɤɢɦɨɜɚ ɗ Ɇ > @ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɦ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɝɢ-

ɞɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɛɟɥɨɟ ɢ ɬ ɞ

ɩɨɬɟɬɢɤɨ ɞɟɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɫɬɢ ɇȽȾɆɆ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ȾɇɄ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɬɟɥ ɉɥɚɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɯɨɬɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ƚɟɝɟɥɟɦ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ > @ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɢɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɜɭɯɡɧɚɱɧɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ Ⱥ ɝɟɝɟɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɬɪɟɯɡɧɚɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɤɟ ɝɞɟ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ ɛ ± ɧɟɬ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɡɥɨ ɱɟɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɬ ɞ

ɚ ɞɜɨɢɱɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɟɜɚ ɥɨɝɢɤɚ ɞɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɛɟɥɨɟ ɢ ɬ ɞ

± ɧɟɬ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɡɥɨ ɱɟɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɬ ɞ

ɢ ɢ ± ɢ ɞɚ ɢ ɧɟɬ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɢ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɢ ɡɥɨ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɛ ɬɪɨɢɱɧɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɚɹ ɥɨɝɢɤɚ Ɋɢɫ Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɷɬɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɱɬɟɧɚ Ⱥɜɬɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ > @ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɫ ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɨɫɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ > @ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɚɡɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɚ ɪɢɫ 5HIHUHQFHV .ODVVL¿NDFLMD )LORVRIVNLM VORYDU¶ >&ODVVL¿FDWLRQ 3KLORVRSKLFDO dictionary]., Edited by I.T. Frolova. ± ,VVXH 0RVNYD 3ROLWL]GDW ± S :LNLSHGLD >2QOLQH UHVRXUFH@ $VVHFF PRGH KWWSV UX ZLNLSHGLD RUJ ZLNL 7LSRORJLMD .RQGDNRY 1 , /RJLFKHVNLM VORYDU¶ VSUDYRFKQLN >/RJLF UHIHUHQFH GLFWLRQDU\@ ± ,VVXH 0RVNYD 1DXND >6FLHQFH@ ± S +DNLPRY -H 0 0RGHOLURYDQLH LHUDUKLFKHVNLK V\VWHP >0RGHOLQJ WKH KLHUDUFKLFDO V\VWHPV@ ± .D]DQ¶ ,]G YR .D]DQVNRJR XQ WD >3XEOLVKLQJ KRXVH RI .D]DQ XQLYHUVLW\@ ± S &KHUQ\DN 9 0HWKRGLFDO DVSHFWV RI VSHFWUDO KDUPRQLF DQDO\VLV RI VRFLDO HFRQRPLF LQGH[HV RI WHUULWRULDO HQWLWLHV *,6$3 (DUWK DQG 6SDFH Sciences. - International Academy of 6FLHQFH DQG +LJKHU (GXFDWLRQ /RQGRQ 8QLWHG .LQJGRP 1R $SULO SS ,661 3ULQW ,661 ; 2QOLQH

&KHUQMDN 9 ȱ 0HWRGLND VSHNWUDO¶QR JDUPRQɿMQRJR DQDOɿ]X SRND]QLNɿY UR]YLWNX VLVWHP HNRQRPɿNL

Ɋɢɫ Ⱦɪɟɜɨɜɢɞɧɚɹ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ

>0HWKRGV RI VSHFWUDO KDUPRQLF DQDO\VLV RI HFRQRP\ V\VWHPV GHYHORSPHQW LQGLFDWRUV@ (NRQRPɿFKQLM SURVWɿU >(FRQRP\ VSDFH@ ± 1R SS 102-112 &KHUQMDN 9 , .D]LPLUHQNR $ 9 6R]GDQLH HGLQRJR LQIRUPDFLRQQRJR SROMD GOMD UHVKHQLMD XSUDYOHQFKHVNLK ]DGDFK Y UDPNDK SURP\VKOHQQ\K NRPSOHNVRY >&UHDWLRQ RI D XQLIRUP LQIRUPDWLRQ ¿HOG IRU WKH VROXWLRQ RI DGPLQLVWUDWLYH WDVNV ZLWKLQ LQGXVWULDO FRPSOH[HV@ >2QOLQH UHVRXUFH@ 0DWHULDO\ WUHW¶HJR MHWDSD SHUYHQVWYD SR QDXFKQRM DQDOLWLNH Y VIHUH MHNRQRPLNL PHQHG]KPHQWD L MXULGLFKHVNLK QDXN VRFLRORJLFKHVNLK SROLWLFKHVNLK L YRHQQ\K QDXN ©8VORYLMD L FHOL UD]YLWLMD REVKKHVWYHQQ\K SURFHVVRY Y NRQWHNVWH SULRULWHWD OLEHUDO¶Q\K FHQQRVWHM L XYD]KHQLMD QUDYVWYHQQR NXO¶WXUQ\K WUDGLFLMª GHNDEUMD >0DWHULDOV RI WKH WKLUG VWDJH RI FKDPSLRQVKLS LQ VFLHQWL¿F DQDO\WLFV LQ WKH VSKHUH RI HFRQRPLFV PDQDJHPHQW DQG MXULVSUXGHQFH DV ZHOO DV VRFLRORJLFDO SROLWLFDO DQG PLOLWDU\ sciences “Conditions and aims of GHYHORSPHQW RI SXEOLF SURFHVVHV LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI SULRULW\ RI OLEHUDO YDOXHV DQG UHVSHFW WR PRUDO DQG FXOWXUDO WUDGLWLRQV´ on December 03-08, 2015]., Access PRGH KWWS JLVDS HX UX QRGH Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ ɂ Ɍ Ɏɪɨɥɨɜɚ ɟ ɢɡɞ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɉɨɥɢɬɢɡɞɚɬ ɫ ȼɢɤɢɩɟɞɢɹ >ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ@ Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ KWWSV UX ZLNLSHGLD RUJ ZLNL Ɍɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ Ʉɨɧɞɚɤɨɜ ɇ ɂ Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ

ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɟ ɢɡɞ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɇɚɭɤɚ ± ɫ ɏɚɤɢɦɨɜ ɗ Ɇ Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ± ɂɡɞ ɜɨ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧ ɬɚ Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ ± ɫ &KHUQ\DN 9 0HWKRGLFDO DVSHFWV RI VSHFWUDO KDUPRQLF DQDO\VLV RI VRFLDO HFRQRPLF LQGH[HV RI WHUULWRULDO HQWLWLHV *,6$3 (DUWK DQG 6SDFH Sciences. - International Academy RI 6FLHQFH DQG +LJKHU (GXFDWLRQ /RQGRQ 8QLWHG .LQJGRP ʋ $SULO ± 3 ,661 3ULQW ,661 ; 2QOLQH

ɑɟɪɧɹɤ ȼ ȱ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɿɪ ± ʋ ɋ ɑɟɪɧɹɤ ȼ ɂ Ʉɚɡɢɦɢɪɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ ȼ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ >ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ@ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ ©ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ ɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣª ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ KWWS JLVDS HX UX QRGH ,QIRUPDWLRQ DERXW DXWKRU 9ODGLPLU &KHUQ\DN ± &DQGLGDWH RI Technical sciences, Associate Professor, 1DWLRQDO 0LQLQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ DGGUHVV 8NUDLQH 'QHSURSHWURYVN FLW\ H PDLO YLBFKHUQ\DN#XNU QHW

Ɋɢɫ Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ

GISAP EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENTIFIC AND INNOVATIVE ANALYTICS OF THE IASHE DOCTORAL DYNAMIC SCIENTIFIC AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAMS ACADEMIC SCIENTIFIC AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAMS INTERNATIONAL ATTESTATION-BASED LEGALIZATION OF QUALIFICATIONS SCIENTIFIC AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAM OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION IMPROVEMENT DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAMS BIBLIOGRAPHIC SCIENTIFIC-ANALYTICAL ACADEMIC PROGRAMS BIBLIOGRAPHIC SCIENTIFIC-ANALYTICAL DOCTORAL PROGRAMS AUTHORITATIVE PROGRAMS http://university.iashe.eu

e-mail: university@iashe.eu

Phone: + 44 (20) 71939499

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

GISAP Championships and Conferences 2016 Branch of science

Dates

Educational sciences and Psychology

19.01-26.01

Philology

09.02-15.02

Culturology, Physical culture and Sports, Art History, History and Philosophy

09.02-15.02

Stage

Event name

JANUARY Modern peculiarities of the identity formation and social adaptation in I conditions of the liberal values crisis FEBRUARY Theoretical and practical problems of language tools transformation in the I context of the accelerated development of public relations I

Cultural and historical development of the society as the dynamic expression of the self-learning human existence MARCH

Medicine, Pharmaceutics, Biology, Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural sciences Economics, Jurisprudence and Management, Sociology, Political and Military Sciences

10.03-15.03

I

3UREOHPV RI ÂżJKWLQJ KXPDQ DQG DQLPDO GLVHDVHV LQ WHUPV RI WKH ELRVSKHUH conditions deterioration

10.03-15.03

I

6RFLDO UHODWLRQV DQG FRQĂ€LFWV LQ FRQGLWLRQV RI LQWHQVLÂżFDWLRQ RI HFRQRPLF processes and dominance of liberal ideology

Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry, Earth and Space Sciences

06.04-12.04

I

Technical Science, Architecture and Construction

06.04-12.04

I

Educational sciences and Psychology

12.05-17.05

II

Philology

08.06-13.06

II

Culturology, Physical culture and Sports, Art History, History and Philosophy

08.06-13.06

II

APRIL Theoretical and applied problems of physical, mathematical and chemical sciences in the context of the social demand for the knowledge limits expansion Methods of effective science-based satisfaction of the increasing social QHHGV LQ WKH ÂżHOG RI HQJLQHHULQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG DUFKLWHFWXUH MAY ,QĂ€XHQFH RI NQRZOHGJH DQG SXEOLF SUDFWLFH RQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI FUHDWLYH potential and personal success in life JUNE Issues of preservation of originality and interference of national languages in conditions of globalized international life Human creativity phenomenon in ups and downs of the historical process JULY

Medicine, Pharmaceutics, Biology, Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural sciences Economics, Jurisprudence and Management, Sociology, Political and Military Sciences

06.07-12.07

II

Innovative approaches in diagnostics and treatment of human and animal diseases caused by injuries, genetic and pathogenic factors

06.07-12.07

II

Value of the personality and collective interactions in the social progress ensuring process

Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry, Earth and Space Sciences

04.08-10.08

Technical Science, Architecture and Construction

04.08-10.08

Educational sciences and Psychology

13.09-19.09

Philology

05.10-10.10

Culturology, Physical culture and Sports, Art History, History and Philosophy

05.10-10.10.10

AUGUST Modern methods of studying matter and interaction of substances, as well II as the subject-based relations modeling Solving problems of optimal combination of standards of quality, II innovative technical solutions and comfort of operation when developing and producing devices and construction objects SEPTEMBER +DUPRQLRXV SHUVRQDO GHYHORSPHQW SUREOHP LQ UHODWLRQ WR VSHFLÂżFLW\ RI III modern education and socialization processes OCTOBER Trends of language cultures development through the prism of correlation III EHWZHHQ WKHLU FRPPXQLFDWLYH IXQFWLRQV DQG FXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDO VLJQLÂżFDQFH III

6LJQL¿FDQFH RI SHUVRQDO VHOI H[SUHVVLRQ DQG FUHDWLYH ZRUN LQ WKH FRXUVH RI formation of the society’s cultural potential NOVEMBER

Medicine, Pharmaceutics, Biology, Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural sciences Economics, Jurisprudence and Management, Sociology, Political and Military Sciences Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry, Earth and Space Sciences Technical Science, Architecture and Construction

10.11-15.11

III

Modern methods of ensuring health and quality of human life through the prism of development of medicine and biological sciences

10.11-15.11

III

Correlation between humanity and pragmatism in target reference points of modern methods of public relations regulation

07.12-13.12 07.12-13.12

DECEMBER Object-related and abstract techniques of studying spatio-temporal and III structural characteristics of matter Current trends in development of innovations and implementation of them III into the process of technical and construction objects production

GISAP

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES

ȋ Ȍ ͝ ǡ ǡ ǡ ͞͝ ͟ ǡ ǣ φ͠​ͣͥͥͥ͜͟͠͞͝͠​ͥ Ǧ ǣ ̿ Ǥ ǣ ǣȀȀ Ǥ

͜͞͝͡

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.