GISAP: Economics, Jurisprudence and Management №10

([SHUW ERDUG Gabriella Zanatti (Argentina), Edson Carlos Ferreira (Brazil), Mari Heikkinen (Finland), George Chiladze (Georgia), Beket Kazbekov (Kazakhstan), Innara Lyapina, Elena Petrukhina, Lyudmila Romanovich, Ruslan Puzikov, Teimur Zulfugarzade, Tatyana Korotkova (Russia)

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CONTENTS M. Nasekina, E. Malishkina, E. Prokof’eva, Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Russia INNOVATIVE CULTURE AS A STRATEGIC RESOURCE OF MODERN ORGANIZATIONS ..............................................3 T. Korotkova, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Russia DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING IN RUSSIA .................................................................................................................7 V. Omelyanenko, Sumy State University, Ukraine TECHNOLOGY PACKAGE OPTIMIZATION IN THE SPACE INDUSTRY WHEN INTEGRATING INTO THE GLOBAL ADDED VALUE CHAINS .................................................................................................................10 D. Szutowski, 3R]QDĔ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI (FRQRPLFV 3RODQG TYPES OF THE SINGLE-BUSINESS TOURISM COMPANIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ...........................................14 T. Tanning, Tallinn School of Economics, Estonia ANALYSIS OF THE HUMANISM PRINCIPLE IN TODAY’S ECONOMIES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION COUNTRIES ............................................................................................................17 T. Tanning, Tallinn School of Economics, Estonia ANALYSIS OF THE HUMANISM PRINCIPLE IN TODAY’S ECONOMIES OF THE EU COUNTRIES USING THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND THE EXPENDITURES-RELATED APPROACH ...........................................21 G. Chiladze, University of Georgia, Georgia ON THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF GEORGIA: LEGAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS (PART 1) .....................................25 R. Puzikov, Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Russia PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF PUBLIC SAFETY ISSUES TODAY ...............................................................28 T. Zul’fugarzade, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Russia LEGAL SUPPORT AND FOSTERING THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE US, CANADA, JAPAN AND THE EU COUNTRIES ...............................................................................................................................................35 E. Korolev, Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Russia ON THE POSSIBILITY TO APPLY ELEMENTS OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY USING THE MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN RUSSIA ....................................................................................................................38

CONTENTS ɇɚɫɟɤɢɧɚ Ɇ Ⱥ Ɇɚɥɵɲɤɢɧɚ ȿ Ⱥ ɉɪɨɤɨɮɶɟɜɚ ȿ Ⱥ Ɍɚɦɛɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ Ƚ Ɋ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇȺə ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊȺ ɄȺɄ ɋɌɊȺɌȿȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɊȿɋɍɊɋ ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɕɏ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɃ..........................3 Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɚ Ɍ Ʌ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ©ɆɂɗɌª Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂȿ ɆȺɊɄȿɌɂɇȽȺ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɂ ...............................................................................................................................................................7 Ɉɦɟɥɶɹɧɟɧɤɨ ȼ Ⱥ ɋɭɦɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ ɈɉɌɂɆɂɁȺɐɂə ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɉȺɄȿɌȺ ɄɈɋɆɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɈɌɊȺɋɅɂ ɉɊɂ ɂɇɌȿȽɊȺɐɂɂ ȼ ȽɅɈȻȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɐȿɉɈɑɄɂ ȾɈȻȺȼɅȿɇɇɈɃ ɋɌɈɂɆɈɋɌɂ................................................................................................................10 Szutowski D., 3R]QDĔ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI (FRQRPLFV 3RODQG THE TYPES OF THE SINGLE-BUSINESSTOURISM COMPANIES IN EUROPEAN UNION ........................................................14 Tanning T., Tallinn School of Economics, Estonia ANALYSIS OF THE HUMANISM PRINCIPLE IN TODAY’S IN ECONOMIES OF FORMER SOVIET UNION COUNTRIES .................................................................................................................................................................................17 Tanning T., Tallinn School of Economics, Estonia THE HUMANISM PRINCIPLE IN TODAY’S IN ECONOMIES OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

BY ANALYSIS OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT BY METHOD EXPENDITURE APPROACH ..............................................21 ɑɢɥɚɞɡɟ Ƚ Ȼ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ Ƚɪɭɡɢɢ Ƚɪɭɡɢɹ Ɉ ɊɈɅɂ ɂ ɁɇȺɑȿɇɂɂ ɂɇɌȿɅɅȿɄɌɍȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɋɈȻɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ȼ ɄɈɇɐȿɉɐɂɂ ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈɃ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ ȽɊɍɁɂɂ ɉɊȺȼɈȼɕȿ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɂ ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ȺɋɉȿɄɌɕ ɑȺɋɌɖ ................................................................................................................................................25 ɉɭɡɢɤɨɜ Ɋ ȼ Ɍɚɦɛɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ Ƚ Ɋ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɉɊȺȼɈȼɈȽɈ ɊȿȽɍɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ȼɈɉɊɈɋɈȼ ɈȻɓȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɃ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ ɇȺ ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɈɆ ɗɌȺɉȿ ..................................................................................................................................................................................28 Ɂɭɥɶɮɭɝɚɪɡɚɞɟ Ɍ ɗ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ Ƚ ȼ ɉɥɟɯɚɧɨɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɉɊȺȼɈȼɈȿ ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑȿɇɂȿ ɂ ɋɌɂɆɍɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇɈɃ ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ ȼ ɋɒȺ ɄȺɇȺȾȿ əɉɈɇɂɂ ɂ ɋɌɊȺɇȺɏ ȿȼɊɈɋɈɘɁȺ.........................................................................................................................35 Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜ ȿ ɋ Ɍɚɦɛɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ Ƚ Ɋ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ Ʉ ȼɈɉɊɈɋɍ Ɉ ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂə ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɂ ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɈȼ ɉɊəɆɈɃ ȾȿɆɈɄɊȺɌɂɂ ɋ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɕɏ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɃ ...................................................................38

INNOVATIVE CULTURE AS A STRATEGIC RESOURCE OF MODERN ORGANIZATIONS

É‚É‡É‡ÉˆČźČşÉ?É‚ÉˆÉ‡É‡ČşÉ™ É„É?É…É–ÉŒÉ?ÉŠČş ɄȺɄ É‹ÉŒÉŠČşÉŒČżČ˝É‚É‘ČżÉ‹É„É‚Éƒ ɊȿɋÉ?ÉŠÉ‹ É‹ÉˆČźÉŠČżÉ†ČżÉ‡É‡É•É? ÉˆÉŠČ˝ČşÉ‡É‚É ČşÉ?ɂɃ

M. Nasekina, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, Head of a Chair E. Malishkina, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor E. Prokof’eva, Postgraduate Student Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Russia

ɇɚɍÉ&#x;ɤɢɧɚ Ɇ Čş ɤɚɧɞ ɡɤɨɧ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɰÉ&#x;ɧɏ ÉĄÉšÉœ ɤɚɎÉ&#x;ɞɪɨɣ Ɇɚɼɾɲɤɢɧɚ Čż Čş ɤɚɧɞ ɡɤɨɧ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɰÉ&#x;ɧɏ ɉɪɨɤɨɎɜÉ&#x;ɜɚ Čż Čş ɚɍɊɢɪɚɧɏ ÉŒÉšÉŚÉ›É¨ÉœÉŤÉ¤É˘ÉŁ É?É¨ÉŤÉ­ÉžÉšÉŞÉŤÉŹÉœÉ&#x;ɧɧɾɣ É­É§É˘ÉœÉ&#x;ɪɍɢɏÉ&#x;ÉŹ ɢɌ Č˝ ÉŠ ČžÉ&#x;ÉŞÉ ÉšÉœÉ˘É§Éš Ɋɨɍɍɢɚ

The report is devoted to the examination of issues of formation and development of innovative culture in modern organizations. The technique of systematic approach to the formation of innovative culture elements through the use of the following organizational aspects is presented in the article: active positioning of innovative leadership, development and motivation of creative activities of personnel, as well as formation of favourable climate in the working space.

Keywords: innovative culture, innovative leadership, creativity, motivation, creative thinking.

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Ɇɵɫɥɹɬ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨ

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ȼ ɦɟɪɭ ɫɤɟɩɬɢɱɧɵ ɢ ɞɨɜɟɪɱɢɜɵ

ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵ ɤ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɹɬɫɹ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ

ɍɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵ

Ƚɨɬɨɜɵ ɢɞɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɤ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɭɱɚɬ ɪɢɫɤɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ

Ⱦɚɥɟɤɢ ɨɬ ɰɢɧɢɡɦɚ

ɍɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɱɬɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɥɸɱɨɦ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ +HLGULFN 6WUXJJOHV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO ,QF ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ©ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚª ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɞɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɭɠɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɸ Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȼɵɛɨɪ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ± ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɯ ɢɞɟɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɪɚɬɚɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɨɤɭɩɹɬɫɹ ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɥɢɞɟɪɵ ɭɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨɛɵ ©ɫɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɫɹª ɜ ɫɜɨɢ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɛɨɤ ɨ ɛɨɤ ɫ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚɦɢ ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɥɢ Ȼɢɥɥ ɏɨɥɟɬɬ Ⱦɷɜɢɞ ɉɚɤɤɚɪɞ

Ȼɢɥɥ Ƚɟɣɬɫ Ȼɨɛ Ƚɟɥɶɜɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ 0RWRUROD ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ Ɂɚɱɟɦ ɨɧɢ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ" ȼɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɪɹɞɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɨɧɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟɛɟɡɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɥɢɞɟɪɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɪɢɫɤɢ ɢ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ȼ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɥɢɞɟɪɵ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɟɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚɞ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɶ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɩɨ ɤɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɣ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɟ ȼ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɥɢɞɟɪɚɦ ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɫɭɦɟɬɶ ɢɯ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɤɚɧɚ +DUYDUG %XVLQHVV 6FKRRO Ʉɢɦɚ Ʉɥɚɪɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɋɬɢɜɟɧɚ ȼɢɥɪɚɣɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɥɢɞɟɪɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɯɨɬɹɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɢɞɟɣ

Ʌɢɞɟɪɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɢɞɟɹɦ ɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɦɨɦ ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ©ɩɨɪɬɮɟɥɶɧɨɝɨª ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ Ɇɚɥɵɟ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɚɞ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɇɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɲɚɧɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ ɤ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɞɟɹɦ ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ Ɉɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ©ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɫɬɶª ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɣ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɨɞɧɚɠɞɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɜɲɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɢɥɚɯ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɂɡ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɭɠɟ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚ Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɍɱɟɧɵɟ ɢɡ Ƚɚɪɜɚɪɞɫɤɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ

ȼ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɝ ɛɵ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ Ɇɨɥɨɞɵɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɵ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɥɟɬ ɏɨɬɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ ɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɪɚɦɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ȼ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɲɚɧɫɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɗɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɭ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɣ ɢ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɭ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɍ Ɍɨɦɚɫɚ ɗɞɢɫɨɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɚɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɧ ɡɚɩɨɟɦ ɱɢɬɚɥ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɨɛɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɥɨ ɟɝɨ Ʉ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɝɨɞɚɦ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɱɟɥ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɥ ɫɨɬɧɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ɉɧ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɤɧɢɝɢ ©ɢɡɥɚɝɚɥɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ ɜɟɳɟɣª ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ©ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɣ ɢɦɟɥɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟª ɋɬɢɜ Ⱦɠɨɛɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ $SSOH ɢ 3L[DU ɧɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɢɥ ɤɨɥɥɟɞɠ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɧ ɭɫɟɪɞɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɥ ɷɬɨ ɜɧɟ ɲɤɨɥɵ Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ± ɭɞɟɥ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɢɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɛɨɹɬɫɹ ɪɢɫɤɨɜɚɬɶ Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɣ ɪɢɫɤ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɇɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɦ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɗɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɪɢɫɤ ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɷɬɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɟ ɲɬɭɪɦɵ ɮɨɪɭɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ

Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɤɬɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢɞɟɸ ɢ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɜɵɫɹɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɞɟɣ Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ,QQRYDWLRQ 0DQDJHPHQW ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɦɢ ©Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜª ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚɦ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɪɭɬɢɧɵ ȼ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɯ ɁɆ $SSOH +3 0LFURVRIW ɢ 0RWRUROD ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɬɪɚɬɹɬ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɭɬɢɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɣ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɬɪɟɧɢɧɝɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɢɞɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ± ɷɬɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɇɟɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɸ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɧɝɚɯ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɨɜ ©Ⱥɪɫɟɧɚɥª ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɭɸ ɤɥɭɛ ɛɚɣɤɟɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɢ ȿɜɝɟɧɢɹ Ƚɪɢɲɤɨɜɰɚ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɧɚɡɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ ɞɟɫɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɣɫɤ Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɧɢɧɝɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɟ ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɠɢɥɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɚɫɚɟɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɞɢɤɢɯ ɡɜɟɪɟɣ ɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɥɢ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɬɪɟɧɢɧɝɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ± ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɦɩɪɨɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ©Ɍɪɟɧɢɧɝ ɛɭɬɢɤª Ɇɚɪɤ Ʉɭɤɭɲɤɢɧ ɤɚɤ ɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɡ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɫɟɣɥɡ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟ-

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ÉŞÉ­É¤É¨ÉœÉ¨ÉžÉ˘ÉŹÉ&#x;ÉĽÉś ɨɪÉ?ɚɧɢɥɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɏɨɊ ÉŚÉ&#x;ɧÉ&#x;ÉžÉ É&#x;ÉŞÉľ ɤɨɏɨɪɾÉ&#x; ɛɭɞɭɏ ÂŠÉŹÉŞÉšÉ§ÉŤÉĽÉ˘ÉŞÉ¨ÉœÉšÉŹÉśÂŞ ɡɼÉ&#x;ÉŚÉ&#x;ɧɏɾ ɤɭɼɜɏɭɪɾ ɊɨɞɹɢɧÉ&#x;ɧɧɾɌ References: 1. Bovin A.A. Upravlenie innovacijami v organizacii [Innovation management in an organization]., Uchebnoe posobie [Tutorial]. Âą 0RVNYD 2PHJD / 2. Upravlenie innovacijami v organizacii [Innovation management in an organization]., A.A. Bovan, L.E. Cherednikova, V.A. Jakimovich. Âą 0RVNYD 3. Fathutdinov R.A. Innovacionnyj menedzhment [Innovation Management]., Uchebnik [Textbook]., ,VVXH Âą 6W 3HWHUVEXUJ 4. Razvitie innovacionnoj kul’tury v organizacii [Development of innovative culture in an organization]. E.A. Laricheva, Vestnik Brjanskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of Bryansk State Technical University]. 1R

5. Nasekina M.A., Rol’ innovacionnyh liderov v upravlenii organizaciej [The role of innovative leaders in managing the organization]., XVII Derzhavinskie chtenija Akademii jekonomiki i upravlenija [XVII Derzhavin’s Readings of the Academy of Economics and Management]. ¹ 7DPERY ,]GDWHOœVNLM GRP 7*8 im. G.R. Derzhavina [Publishing House of the TSU n.a. G.R. Derzhavin]., 2011.

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Ɋɨɼɜ É˘É§É§É¨ÉœÉšÉ°É˘É¨É§É§ÉľÉŻ ɼɢɞÉ&#x;ÉŞÉ¨Éœ Éœ É­ÉŠÉŞÉšÉœÉĽÉ&#x;ɧɢɢ ɨɪÉ?ɚɧɢɥɚɰɢÉ&#x;ÉŁ ɇɚɍÉ&#x;ɤɢɧɚ Ɇ Čş ;9,, ČžÉ&#x;ÉŞÉ ÉšÉœÉ˘É§ÉŤÉ¤É˘É&#x; ɹɏÉ&#x;ɧɢɚ ȺɤɚɞÉ&#x;Ɍɢɢ ɡɤɨɧɨɌɢɤɢ ɢ É­ÉŠÉŞÉšÉœÉĽÉ&#x;ɧɢɚ ÉŒÉšÉŚÉ›É¨Éœ ɂɥɞɚɏÉ&#x;ɼɜɍɤɢɣ ɞɨɌ ÉŒČ˝É? ɢɌ Č˝ ÉŠ ČžÉ&#x;ÉŞÉ ÉšÉœÉ˘É§Éš Information about authors: 1. Mariya Nasekina - Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, Head of a Chair, Tambov State University named after * 5 'HU]KDYLQ DGGUHVV 5XVVLD 7DPERY FLW\ DGGUHVV QDVHNLQDBLXV#PDLO UX 2. Elena Malishkina - Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, Tambov 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ QDPHG DIWHU * 5 'HU]KDYLQ DGGUHVV 5XVVLD 7DPERY FLW\ DGGUHVV PDO\VKNLQDBLXV#PDLO UX 3. Elena Prokof’eva - Student, Tambov State University named after * 5 'HU]KDYLQ DGGUHVV 5XVVLD 7DPERY FLW\ DGGUHVV SUNIYHOHQD #UDPEOHU UX

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DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING IN RUSSIA

ÉŠČşÉ ČźÉ‚ÉŒÉ‚Čż É†ČşÉŠÉ„ČżÉŒÉ‚É‡Č˝Čş Čź ɊɈɋɋɂɂ

T. Korotkova, Doctor of Economics, Professor of Marketing and Project Management Department National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Russia

É„É¨ÉŞÉ¨ÉŹÉ¤É¨ÉœÉš ÉŒ É… Éž ÉŞ ɡɤɨɧ ɧɚɭɤ ɊɪɨɎ ɤɚɎÉ&#x;ɞɪɾ ɆɚɪɤÉ&#x;ɏɢɧÉ?Éš ɢ É­ÉŠÉŞÉšÉœÉĽÉ&#x;ɧɢɚ ɊɪɨÉ&#x;ɤɏɚɌɢ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɼɜɧɾɣ ɢɍɍɼÉ&#x;ÉžÉ¨ÉœÉšÉŹÉ&#x;ɼɜɍɤɢɣ É­É§É˘ÉœÉ&#x;ɪɍɢɏÉ&#x;ÉŹ ÂŠÉ†É‚É—ÉŒÂŞ Ɋɨɍɍɢɚ

The author offers the analysis of modern macro and micro-economic factors affecting the formation of the marketing theory, and describes the practice and implementation of marketing concepts in Russia.

Keywords: modern marketing concepts, marketing theory development factors, Russian economy.

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Ɍɚɛɥ ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɧɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɟ ɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɉɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤ

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɟɰ ȋǿȋ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ȋȋ ɜɟɤɚ

Ȼɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ

ɋɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɨ ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ

Ɋɨɫɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɤɢɧɨɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɨɪɢɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ

ɗɬɚɩ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ

Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ȋǿȋ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ȋȋ ɜɟɤɚ

ɦɚɪɠɢɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɜɨɫɧɨɜɟ Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɹɥ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɦɭ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɵɧɤɚ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɭɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ Ɇɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ ɢ ɦɟɰɟɧɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ

ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɫɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ©ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɭª ɬ ɟ ɨɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ

Ɋɵɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɵ ɭɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɇɗɉ ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ȋȋ ɜɟɤɚ

ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ȼ ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟ ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɣ ɇɗɉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɥɟɝɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɉɨɪɟɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɩɨ ɝɝ Ɋɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɉɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɦɚ Ɋɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɵ ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɨɡɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɰɟɧ ɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ

ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ

ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɥɢɰ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ȼȼɉ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɨɫ ɜ ɪɚɡɚ

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ©ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ ɜɨɜɧɭɬɪɶª ɨɬɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɨɬ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ

ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɧɚɱ ɏɏO ɜɟɤɚ

ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɪɨɫɬ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɦɟɧɨɜ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɚɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɢɪɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɬ ɞ

ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɟ ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɏɏO ɜɟɤɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɋɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɯɨɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɟ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ

ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɇɚɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ Ɉɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɢ ɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɟ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɉɪɢɜɹɡɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɤ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ ɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɩɨɱɬɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɢ ɞɪ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɫɟ ɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɯ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɦ ɭɫɥɭɝ

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ɜɧÉ&#x;ɍɼɢ ÉŤÉ&#x;ɪɜɺɥɧɾɣ ÉœÉ¤ÉĽÉšÉž Éœ ÉŞÉšÉĄÉœÉ˘ÉŹÉ˘É&#x; ÉŚÉ˘ÉŞÉ¨ÉœÉ¨ÉŁ ɡɤɨɧɨɌɢɹÉ&#x;ɍɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ Éœ ɏɨɌ ɹɢɍɼÉ&#x; ɌɚɪɤÉ&#x;ɏɢɧÉ?Éš References: 1. Promyshlennost’ Rossii v nachale 20 veka. Biofajl [Russian industry in the HDUO\ ;; FHQWXU\ %LRÂżOH@ -HOHNWURQQ\M zhurnal [Online Journal]., Access mode: KWWS ELRÂżOH UX KLV KWPO 2. Konstantin Shljahtinskij. Organizacija torgovli avtomobiljami v Rossii v nachale 20 veka [Organization of car trading in Russia in the early XX century]., Access PRGH KWWS VWDWHKLVWRU\ UX 3. Janosh Kornai. Razmyshlenija o NDSLWDOL]PH >5HĂ€HFWLRQV RQ FDSLWDOLVP@ Moskva., Izdatel’stvo Instituta Gajdara [Publisher of Gaidar Institute], 2012. 352 p.

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- London, Published by IASHE., 2014, SS $FFHVV PRGH KWWS JLVDS HX UX QRGH 8. Logika biznesa pod red.

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Information about author: Tatyana Korotkova - Doctor of Economics, Full Professor, National Research University of (OHFWURQLF 7HFKQRORJ\ 0,(7 DGGUHVV 5XVVLD 0RVFRZ FLW\ H PDLO NRURWNRYD #UDPEOHU UX

U.D.C. 338.24.021.8

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TECHNOLOGY PACKAGE OPTIMIZATION IN THE SPACE INDUSTRY WHEN INTEGRATING INTO THE GLOBAL ADDED VALUE CHAINS

ÉˆÉ‰ÉŒÉ‚É†É‚É ČşÉ?É‚É™ ÉŒČżÉ?É‡ÉˆÉ…ÉˆČ˝É‚É‘ČżÉ‹É„ÉˆČ˝Éˆ É‰ČşÉ„ČżÉŒČş É„ÉˆÉ‹É†É‚É‘ČżÉ‹É„ÉˆÉƒ ÉˆÉŒÉŠČşÉ‹É…É‚ ɉɊɂ É‚É‡ÉŒČżČ˝ÉŠČşÉ?É‚É‚ Čź Č˝É…ÉˆČťČşÉ…É–É‡É•Čż É?ČżÉ‰ÉˆÉ‘É„É‚ ČžÉˆČťČşČźÉ…ČżÉ‡É‡ÉˆÉƒ ɋɌɈɂɆɈɋɌɂ

V. Omelyanenko, Assistant Sumy State University, Ukraine

ÉˆÉŚÉ&#x;ɼɜɚɧÉ&#x;ɧɤɨ Čź Čş ɚɍɍɢɍɏÉ&#x;ɧɏ ɋɭɌɍɤɢɣ É?É¨ÉŤÉ­ÉžÉšÉŞÉŤÉŹÉœÉ&#x;ɧɧɾɣ É­É§É˘ÉœÉ&#x;ɪɍɢɏÉ&#x;ÉŹ É?ɤɪɚɢɧɚ

The article deals with the basic characteristics and fundamentals of management in the pace industry taking into account the factor of project-based interactions in the course of creation of new models of equipment in global added value chains. Mechanism of development of the space engineering as the global industry at the national level is offered.

Keywords: space industry, technology transfer, international cooperation, global added value chains, innovations.

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ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɷɬɚɩɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ > @ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ

ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ȼ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɬ ɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɪɵɜɟ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɟɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɇɚɭɱɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ± ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɩɪ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɪɚɤɟɬ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ *36 ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɟ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ

ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ ɩɨɝɨɞɵ ɢ ɬ ɩ

ɫɦɟɠɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ± ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦɢ ɭɫ-

ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɠɚɬɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬ ɞ Ɇɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɢɫ

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɯ ©ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢª ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɬ ɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɤɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɟɬɨɜ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɉɨɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɗɬɨɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ

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obrazovanija [Current issues of science DQG HGXFDWLRQ@ Âą 1R $FFHVV PRGH ZZZ VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ UX 4. Omel’janenko V.A. K voprosu ob upravlenii tehnologicheskimi paketami na nacional’nom urovne [On the issue of management of technological packages at the national level]., V.A. Omel’janenko Evropejskij zhurnal social’nyh nauk >(XURSHDQ -RXUQDO RI 6RFLDO 6FLHQFHV@ Âą 1R 9RO SS Âą 5. Posledstvija global’nyh cepochek sozdanija stoimosti dlja torgovli, investicij, razvitija i zanjatosti [The consequences of global value creation chains for trade, investment, development and employment]., Sammit G-20 v Sankt-Peterburge [Online VRXUFH@ Âą $FFHVV PRGH KWWS HFRQRP\ JRY UX PLQHF DFWLYLW\ VHFWLRQV IRUHLJQ(FRQRPLF$FWLYLW\ HFRQRPLFB RUJDQL]DWLRQ UXVVLDM M GRF B 6. Spisok mezhplanetnyh kosmicheskih apparatov [List of interplanetary spacecraft] [Online source]., Access PRGH KWWS GLF DFDGHPLF UX GLF QVI UXZLNL 7. Omelyanenko V.A. International innovation networks as new stage of innovation development [Online source]., V.A. Omelyanenko Economic Processes Management: International 6FLHQWLÂżF ( -RXUQDO Âą 1R $FFHVV PRGH KWWS HSP IHP VXPGX HGX XD GRZQORDG B B B SGI ɅɢɏÉ&#x;ɪɚɏɭɪɚ ɄɨɧɞɪɚɏɜÉ&#x;Éœ Čź Čť ȽɼɨɛɚɼɜɧɾÉ&#x; É°É&#x;Ɋɨɹɤɢ ÉžÉ¨É›ÉšÉœÉĽÉ&#x;ɧɧɨɣ ɍɏɨɢɌɨɍɏɢ Éœ ÉŤÉ¨ÉœÉŞÉ&#x;ÉŚÉ&#x;ɧɧɨɣ ɡɤɨɧɨɌɢɤÉ&#x; Čź Čť ɄɨɧɞɪɚɏɜÉ&#x;Éœ É‹É&#x;ÉŹÉ&#x;ɜɨÉ&#x; ɢɥɞɚɧɢÉ&#x; É?É&#x;ɧɏɪɚ ɢɍɍɼÉ&#x;ÉžÉ¨ÉœÉšÉ§É˘ÉŁ ɢ ɚɧɚɼɢɏɢɤɢ Ɏɨɧɞɚ ɢɍɏɨɪɢɹÉ&#x;ɍɤɨɣ ÉŠÉ&#x;ÉŞÉŤÉŠÉ&#x;É¤ÉŹÉ˘ÉœÉľ ŠɉÉ&#x;ÉŞÉŤÉŠÉ&#x;É¤ÉŹÉ˘ÉœÉľÂŞ Âą Âą ÉŠÉ&#x;É É˘ÉŚ ɞɨɍɏɭɊɚ KWWS ZZZ SHUVSHNWLY\ LQIR R\NXPHQD HNGRP JOREDOQ\MHBFHSRFKNLBGREDYOHQQRMB

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TYPES OF THE SINGLE-BUSINESS TOURISM COMPANIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION D. Szutowski, Doctoral Candidate 3R]QDÄ” 8QLYHUVLW\ RI (FRQRPLFV 3RODQG Purpose. The purpose of this research was to determine the types of activities conducted by the single-business European tourism enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach. The research was performed in the fourth quarter of 2014. The data was gathered for 127 tourism companies listed in Europe. Data source covered the databases of stock exchanges.

Findings. 0RVW RI WKH (XURSHDQ WRXULVP FRPSDQLHV FRQFHQWUDWHG IXOO\ RQ WKH FRUH EXVLQHVV 7KH VLQJOH EXVLQHVV FRPSDQLHV LQ most cases were represented by hotels, sport companies, and travel agencies. Among the multiple-business companies, 2 supplementing activities are conducted in most cases.

Research limitations. 7KH PDLQ OLPLWDWLRQ Âą WKH IDFW WKDW RQO\ WKH PDLQ PDUNHWV RI WKH VWRFN H[FKDQJHV ZHUH FRYHUHG 7KH WRXULVP companies listed in the alternative ones were omitted.

Originality/value. 7KH SDSHU ÂżOOV WKH NQRZOHGJH JDS FRQFHUQLQJ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RI WKH VLQJOH EXVLQHVV WRXULVP HQWHUSULVHV LQ (XURSH Keywords: tourism enterprise, complementary activities.

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ntroduction The contemporary economy of the European Union relies strongly on the tourism industry [WTTC 2014].

Tourism contributes not only to the gross domestic product, but also to the HPSOR\PHQW >(UQVW <RXQJ @ During the economic downturns the expenditures on tourism are among the ÂżUVW WR EH OLPLWHG 7KHUHIRUH WRXULVP enterprises have a role of the barometer of the whole economy. However, the companies contributing to the tourism industry are strongly differentiated from one another. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the types of activities conducted by the single-business European tourism enterprises.

The research was performed on the data from 127 tourism companies listed on the main stock exchanges in Europe.

The data was gathered for the fourth quarter of 2014. It was synthesized LQ WKH IRUP RI ¿JXUHV 7KH UHVHDUFK indicated that less then a half of tourism FRPSDQLHV GLIIHUHQWLDWHG WKHLU ¿HOGV of activities. Furthermore, the most commonly implemented activities in the single-business tourism enterprises were: hotels, sport enterprises, and ³RWKHUV´ The paper is organized as follows.

Firstly, different types of tourism enterprises, as well as different GLYHUVLÂżFDWLRQ VWUDWHJLHV DUH GLVFXVVHG Secondly, the method of the research is outlined. Thirdly, the research outcomes are provided. Finally, the conclusions are delivered.

Tourism enterprise Large companies in the developed economies of North America, Europe and -DSDQ DUH XVXDOO\ VWURQJO\ GLYHUVLÂżHG +RZHYHU WKH VWUDWHJ\ RI GLYHUVLÂżFDWLRQ may result in the decreasing value of the ÂżUP ,W LV GXH WR WKH IDFW WKDW GLYHUVLÂżHG companies trade at a discount relative WR QRQ GLYHUVLÂżHG ÂżUPV >&DPSD .HGLD @ 7KH GHFLVLRQ RI WKH ÂżUP WR UHIRFXV on the core business is usually positively valued by the market. On the other KDQG WKH PRUH WKH ÂżUP GLYHUVLÂżHV LWV ÂżHOGV RI DFWLYLW\ WKH PRUH LW LV UHVLVWDQW to the economic downturns. Therefore, GLYHUVLÂżFDWLRQ LV DQ LPSRUWDQW GHFLVLRQ for all kinds of enterprises, including the tourism ones.

Probably, the most accepted FODVVLÂżFDWLRQ RI WRXULVP FRPSDQLHV covers: accommodation for visitors, food and beverage servicing activities, passenger transportation, travel agencies and other reservation activities [UNWTO @ 7KH ÂżUVW W\SH FRQVWLWXWHV DQ absolute necessity, as tourists need a VSHFLÂżF SODFH WR VWD\ RYHUQLJKW +RZHYHU the accommodation facilities are strongly differentiated from one another, DQG UDQJH IURP OX[XU\ ÂżYH VWDU KRWHOV WR FKHDS KRVWHOV >*RĂĄHPEVNL @ $OVR some facilities do not limit themselves to the accommodation services, but offer food serving, recreation services, VSD VZLPPLQJ SRROV ÂżWQHVV FHQWHUV etc. [Rapacz 2007] The food and beverage servicing activities form the second category. The nature of such companies is slightly different from the accommodation ones due to the fact,

that the important part on the demand stems from the local residents and non-visitors. The facilities are strongly differentiated from one another. The full-service restaurants, self-service ones, take-aways, street vendors, bars, and cafeterias are among the most popular facilities. Passenger transportation is the third category of tourism companies.

It is considered to be one of the tourism-characteristic ones. However, the travelling does not always assume that the tourist should buy the service from an organized provider. Tourists may use their own means of transportation (car, motorcycle, boat etc.). If bought from the provider, transportation usually constitutes an important share of the total tourism expenditure. The last category covers travel agencies and other reservation activities. These specialized facilities help tourists to plan and organize their trips [Konieczna'RPDÄ&#x201D;VND @ 7KH\ DFW DV WKH intermediaries, selling a certain service at a certain moment in time, provided by others. However, they may also offer their own services as: guiding services, accompanying tours etc. Travel agencies may sell both individual services and the whole packages.

Method The purpose of this research was to determine the types of activities conducted by the single-business European tourism enterprises. The research was performed on the main markets of the main stock exchanges in European Union participating in the World Federation of Exchanges and

Federation of European Securities Exchanges >)(6( :)( @ 2Q the 32 stock markets under investigation WRXULVP HQWHUSULVHV ZHUH LGHQWLÂżHG The time scope covered the fourth quarter of 2014. Only the publicly available data published in the databases of stock exchanges was used. It was analyzed and VXPPDUL]HG LQ WKH IRUP RI ÂżJXUHV 7KH results of the analysis are delivered in the next chapter.

Results This chapter presents the results of the research. Firstly, the number of the complementary activities (CAs) conducted in the multi-activity tourism ÂżUPV LV DQDO\]HG 6HFRQGO\ WKH GRPLQDQW types of activities managed by singleEXVLQHVV ÂżUPV DUH SUHVHQWHG Most of the companies in the studied sample conducted a single activity. Thus, the companies were focused on the core business. It was the case of the 73 enterprises. The remaining 54 companies conducted more than one activity. Thus, WKHLU DFWLRQV ZHUH PRUH GLYHUVLÂżHG The further analysis was focused on 54 companies operating in multiple businesses. The number of the complementary activities was strongly differentiated, and ranged from one WR ÂżYH 7KH GDWD LV SUHVHQWHG RQ WKH ÂżJXUH Most of the tourism companies, which operated in several businesses, conducted two complementary activities (n=28). There were 14 companies, which complemented their core business with a single activity. Ten companies handled three CAs. The cases of more than three complementary activities were rare. Only two companies differentiated strongly their actions by operating on 6 ÂżHOGV LQ WRWDO The last step of the analysis covered the types of activities the single-business companies concentrated on. The types of the complementary activities with the number of indications are presented on WKH ÂżJXUH Among the 127 tourism companies under investigation, 73 conducted a single activity. The most represented FDWHJRU\ DPRQJ WKH VLQJOH DFWLYLW\ ÂżUPV was hotels - represented by 17 entities.

The second most represented activity was the sport enterprises, represented by 8 entities. The third most represented

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Fig. 2. The number of the single-business companies conducting different types of activities Source: own development category included the travel agencies, casinos and restaurants, each represented E\ ÂżUPV ,Q WKH VWXGLHG VDPSOH WKH FDWHJRU\ RI ÂłRWKHUV´ ZDV PHQWLRQHG 21 times. The category mainly covered online activities, cultural actions, and different kinds of activities supporting WKH Ă&#x20AC;RZ RI WRXULVWV 7KH JDPEOLQJ activity was not mentioned.

Conclusions The tourism enterprises are one of the main contributors to the European economy. The present research was aimed at determining the types of activities conducted by the singlebusiness European tourism enterprise.

The research was performed on the sample of 127 tourism companies listed on the main European stock exchanges during the fourth quarter of 2014. The UHVXOWV LQGLFDWHG WKDW RI WKH HQWLWLHV were focused on a single core business.

Among the 127 companies under investigation, the 54 carried out some complementary activities. Most of them

RSHUDWHG LQ WZR RU WKUHH ¿HOGV LQ WRWDO $PRQJ WKH VLQJOH EXVLQHVV ¿UPV WKH most represented were the hotels, sport ¿UPV DQG WKH ³RWKHUV´ The goals of the research were areached to a large extent. However, the research was not free of limitations. The main one was that only the main markets of stock exchanges were analyzed.

The tourism enterprises listed on the alternative ones were omitted. Therefore, further research should also cover the multilateral trading facilities.

References: 1. Campa, J., Kedia, S., 2001, ([SODLLQJ WKH GLYHUVLÂżFDWLRQ GLVFRXQW $)$ $WODQWD 0HHWLQJV KWWS VVUQ FRP DEVWUDFW RU KWWS G[ GRL RUJ VVUQ

KWWS G[ GRL RUJ 1540-6261.00476 (UQVW <RXQJ 7KH Hospitality Sector in Europe. An

assessment of the economic contribution of the hospitality sector across FRXQWULHV KWWS ZZZ EUHZHUVRIHXURSH R UJ G R F V S X E O L F D W L R Q V W K H B KRVSLWDOLW\BVHFWRUBLQB(8B BOGB v2.pdf (01.12.2014).

3. FESE - Federation of European Securities Exchanges, 2014, Full 0HPEHUV KWWS ZZZ IHVH HX HQ "LQF SDJH LG

*RáHPEVNL * HG

3U]HGVLÄ&#x160;ELRUVWZR WXU\VW\F]QH XMÄ&#x160;FLH statyczne i dynamiczne, PWE. .RQLHF]QD 'RPDÄ&#x201D;VND $

%LXUD SRGUyĪ\ QD U\QNX WXU\VW\F]Q\P PWN. 6. Rapacz, A., 2007, Przedsibiorstwo WXU\VW\F]QH 'L¿Q 7. UNWTO, 2010, International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008, Studies in 0HWKRGV 6HULHV 0 1R 5HY 1HZ York. :)( ± :RUOG )HGHUDWLRQ RI Exchanges, 2014, Member exchanges. .H\ LQIRUPDWLRQ KWWS ZZZ ZRUOG H[FKDQJHV RUJ PHPEHU H[FKDQJHV NH\ LQIRUPDWLRQ

:77& ± :RUOG 7UDYHO DQG Tourism Council, 2014, Travel and Tourism. Economic Impact 2014. World, KWWS ZZZ ZWWF RUJ VLWHBPHGLD XSORDGV GRZQORDGV ZRUOG SGI

KWWS G[ GRL RUJ

Information about author: Dawid Szutowski - Doctoral &DQGLGDWH 3R]QDÄ&#x201D; 8QLYHUVLW\ RI (FRQRPLFV DGGUHVV 3RODQG 3R]QDQ FLW\ H PDLO GDZLG V]XWRZVNL#XH SR]QDQ SO

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS Multisectoral scientific-analytical forum for professional scientists and practitioners

Main goals of the IASHE scientific Congresses: Promotion of development of international scientific communications and cooperation of scientists of different countries; Promotion of scientific progress through the discussion comprehension and collateral overcoming of urgent problems of modern science by scientists of different countries; Active distribution of the advanced ideas in various fields of science.

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ANALYSIS OF THE HUMANISM PRINCIPLE IN TODAYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMIES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION COUNTRIES T. Tanning, MSc., Lecturer, Doctoral Candidate Tallinn School of Economics, Estonia This publication aims at analysing the dominance of the humanism principle in todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economies of the new European Union (EU) Member States, the Baltic States, Belarus, Russian Federation and Ukraine, with special emphasis on the Human Development Index (HDI). An attempt is made to compare them with the Europe in matters of wealth and development level. The paper is focused on human development in countries being the former member states of the Soviet Union, in particular, on the HDI-index, life expectancy at birth, gross national income per capita, Gini-index, poverty and other indicators.

6FLHQWLÂżF QRYHOW\ LV LQ WKH DQDO\VLV RI KXPDQ GHYHORSPHQW TXDOLW\ EHWZHHQ FRXQWULHV ZLWK YHU\ KLJK DQG KLJK KXPDQ GHYHORSPHQW between two very different groups the former Soviet Union countries. Another point is the short secular humanism analysis.

Keywords: secular humanism, Human Development Index, life expectancy, gross national income per capita, human development countries, former Soviet Union countries.

Conference participant, 1DWLRQDO FKDPSLRQVKLS LQ VFLHQWLÂżF DQDO\WLFV Open European and Asian research analytics championship 'LJLWDO 2EMHFW ,GHQWLÂżFDWLRQ KWWS G[ GRL RUJ JLVDS HMP Y L

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umanism is the appreciation of a human being and humanity, which appeared in late medieval Italy and spread also to other parts of Europe in Early Modern times. Humanism is the philosophical and ethical position that emphasizes the individual and collective value and agency of human beings, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence over the established doctrine or faith. The meaning of WKH WHUP ÂłKXPDQLVP´ KDV Ă&#x20AC;XFWXDWHG correspondingly to the successive intellectual movements which have been LGHQWLÂżHG ZLWK LW > @ Humanism is addressed by the International Humanist and Ethical Union or the British Humanist Association. In modern times humanist movements are typically associated with secularism. Today humanism typically refers to the non-theistic way of life focused on human agency and looking at science instead of religious dogmas in order to understand the world. [2] Typically humanism can be divided into three types: the renaissance, secular and religious. The philosophy of secular humanism embraces human reason, ethics and philosophical naturalism as the basis of morality and decision PDNLQJ ZKLOH VSHFLÂżFDOO\ UHMHFWLQJ the religious dogma, supernaturalism, pseudoscience, and superstition.

Secular humanism says that human beings are capable of being ethical and moral without any religion. It does not, however, assume that humans are either inherently evil or innately good, nor does it present humans as being superior to the nature. Rather, the humanist life position

emphasizes the unique responsibility faced by the humanity and the ethical consequences of human decisions.

Fundamental to the concept of secular humanism is the strongly believed idea that ideology - be it religious or political - must be thoroughly examined by each individual and not simply accepted or rejected on faith. [3-5] Today the problems of humanism are numerous.

Economic shocks, health shocks, natural disasters, climate change, industrial KD]DUGV FRQĂ&#x20AC;LFW FLYLO XQUHVW 7KH SRRU informal workers, entire communities and regions socially excluded. Women, people with disabilities, migrants, minorities, children, the elderly, limited capabilities of youth, their position in the society, sensitive periods in the life cycle, low social cohesion, unresponsive institutions, poor governance. Who is vulnerable to what DQG ZK\" The relevance of the idea of humanism will appear in 2015, which LV FRQÂżUPHG E\ WKH SUHVHQW SXEOLFDWLRQ A new report by Oxfam Heralds demonstrates changes in attitudes towards inequality. [6] States will be judged not only by economic indicators, but also more by social factors. The ultimate goal of economic policies of the Western democratic states is achieving the general welfare of the people. Their fundamental social values include freedom, justice and security. By word of mouth almost all modern economists and business leaders in the majority of international organizations, national constitutions and charters of political parties recognize the

dominant principle of humanism. But in reality things are different. There are objective and subjective reasons for this.

How can one measure the wellEHLQJ RI WKH SHRSOH" *HQHUDOO\ LW LV measured by income. But price levels and other direct and indirect factors are important as well. As a rule, countries are compared by GDP per capita, but GDP is not always the best method. [7] HDI is a composite index measuring average achievements in three basic dimensions of human development long and healthy life, knowledge and decent standards of living. HDI is a composite statistics of life expectancy, education, and income indices, used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. It was in the UN Development Programme. [8] +', FODVVLÂżFDWLRQV DUH EDVHG RQ +', Âż[HG FXW RII SRLQWV ZKLFK DUH GHULYHG from the quartiles of distribution of component indicators. The HDI cut-off points are less than 0.550 for low human GHYHORSPHQW Âą IRU PHGLXP KXPDQ GHYHORSPHQW Âą IRU high human development and 0.800 or greater - very high human development. > @ This analysis is based on the HDI-index, life expectancy at birth, Gini-index, poverty and other indicators.

Methodology and basic concepts are in GHWDLO DYDLODEOH LQ WKH VRXUFHV > @ The lowest regional HDI values are registered for Sub-Saharan Africa (0.502) and South Asia (0.588), and the highest is for Latin America and the Caribbean (0.740), followed closely by Europe and Central Asia (0.738). The

7DE +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW ,QGH[ DQG FRPSRQHQWV DQG > @ Human development group

HDI value

Life expectancy at birth (years)

Mean years of schooling (years)

Gross national income per capita (2011 PPP $)

Very high

0.885

80.2

11.7

11.7

38,548

40,046

High

0.723

0.735

74.5

8.1

8.1

11,584

13,231

Medium

0.601

0.614

67.1

5.5

5.5

5,368

Low

58.2

4.1

4.2

2,631

Sub-Saharan Africa

0.468

0.502

55.2

56.8

4.8

4.8

3,152

South Asia

0.573

0.588

66.4

67.2

4.7

4.7

4,732

World

0.702

70.3

70.8

7.7

7.7

12,808

13,723

very high human development group as measured by the HDI - has a value of FRQVLGHUDEO\ KLJKHU WKDQ WKDW RI the medium and low human development groups. But lower human development groups continue to converge with the higher levels. While all regions are showing improvement, signs of a slowdown are emerging - as measured by the growth rate of HDI values.

We will analyze two very different groups of member states of the former Soviet Union.

7KHUH ZHUH very high human development countries. Since 2001, WKH ¿UVW ZDV 1RUZD\ ,Q +', RI 1RUZD\ ZDV ,W ZDV IROORZHG E\ $XVWUDOLD 8QLWHG 6WDWHV

were the 5th DQG *HUPDQ\ ±

the 6th. All the Nordic countries and the QHZ (8 0HPEHU 6WDWHV FDQ VWLOO ¿W LQ this group. 25 - Slovenia (HDI = 0.874).

28 - Czech Republic (0.861), and all three Baltic countries: 33 - Estonia (0.840), 35 - Lithuania (0.834), 48 - Latvia (0.810).

There were 53 high human development countries. There were, among others: 53 - Belarus (HDI = 0.786), 57 Russia (0.778), 70 - Kazakhstan (0.757), 83 8NUDLQH DQG China

The list of medium human development FRXQWULHV LQFOXGHG ,QGLD ± th, HDI = 0.586.

The list of low human development FRXQWULHV ZDV FORVHG E\ 1LJHU ± WKH ODVW 187th UDQN DQG +', > @ This data contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of

people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future.

Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country.

It summarizes the mortality at all ages.

It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital. It is necessary for the calculation RI YDULRXV DFWXDULDO PHDVXUHV > @ )URP WR OLIH H[SHFWDQF\ DW ELUWK KDV LQFUHDVHG IURP 9HU\ KLJK

to 11.0 (Medium) times. Difference between very high human development and low human development countries has decreased strongly, but it is still 20.8 years or one generation.

In 2013 the life expectancy at birth was: in Norway - 81.5, in United States DQG LQ *HUPDQ\ \HDUV )URP Tab. 2

&RXQWULHV RI WKH +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW ,QGH[ DQG LWV FRPSRQHQWV > @

HDI rank

Human Development Index

Life expectancy at birth

Mean years of schooling

Expected years of schooling

Gross national income per capita

Change in rank of HDI

Value

(years)

(years)

(years)

(2011 PPP $)

±

VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 33 Estonia

0.840

74.4

12.0

16.5

23,387

0

35 Lithuania

0.834

72.1

12.4

16.7

23,740

1

48 Latvia

0.810

72.2

11.5 b

15.5

22,186

0

HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

53 Belarus

0.786

11.5

15.7

16,403

1

57 Russia

0.778

68.0

11.7

14.0

22,617

0

83 Ukraine

0.734

68.5

11.3

15.1

8,215

0

World

0.702

70.8

7.7

12.2

13,723

²

Tab. 3 +XPDQ /LIH H[SHFWDQF\ DW ELUWK \HDUV > @ Human development group

Very high

73.3

75.4

77.6

80.1

80.2

High

66.1

71.2

74.1

74.3

74.5

8.4

Medium

60.8

64.0

67.1

67.4

67.6

11.0

Low

52.1

53.6

58.2

58.6

WR LW KDV LQFUHDVHG E\ and 7.7 years.

In 2008 the life expectancy at birth in Macau was 84.33 and in Swaziland \HDUV 'LIIHUHQFH ZDV WLPHV (!). Life expectancy at birth was in Sierra /HRQH LQ DQG LQ LQ =LPEDEZH LQ DQG LQ LQ $QJROD LQ DQG LQ LQ WKH &HQWUDO $IULFDQ 5HSXEOLF in 2000 it was 43.7 and in 2005 38.1 years. The difference between countries with the highest life expectancy was over two times. > @ ,Q WKH GLIIHUHQFHV ZHUH (VWRQLD /DWYLD 5XVVLD

76

Union - 80.02 years. Two of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; most populated countries in 2014: 100th China (75.15) and 163rd India (67.80) years.

The last three countries in 2014 were: 221st Guinea-Bissau

222nd South Africa DQG 223rd Chad \HDUV

The difference between life expectancy of women and men in states with higher levels of the national economy is considerably lower than in the former Soviet Union countries. If the life expectancy of Russian women is 7 years lower than the EU average, for men this difference is 13 years (!). Life

relatively small, life expectancy in Russia was only a few years lower. The difference has increased greatly since 2005, when the Baltic countries had acceded to the EU. However, the life expectancy of Russian people is more than one generation higher than that of WKH SRRU $IULFDQ FRXQWULHV 7KH ¿JXUH shows strong difference between the successful Western economies and the former Soviet Union countries. There is also a clear difference between the Baltic States and Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.

Life expectancy at birth in Japan in 2014 was 84.46 and in the European

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68.35

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4.04

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80.02

83.01

5.82

United States

77.11

4.83

Germany

80.44

78.15

82.86

4.81

Lithuania

71.20

81.02

Estonia

74.07

68.85

10.76

Latvia

73.44

68.41

78.75

10.34

Belarus

72.15

66.53

78.10

11.57

Russia

70.16

64.37

76.30

Ukraine

63.78

74.86

11.08

72

82

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70

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80

68

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Figures show that the life expectancy at birth of the people of the Baltic FRXQWULHV LV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU WKDQ LQ Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.

Discussion & conclusions ± 6WDWHV ZLOO EH MXGJHG QRW RQO\ E\ economic indicators, but also more by social factors. ± :KLOH DOO UHJLRQV DUH VKRZLQJ improvement, signs of a slowdown are emerging - as measured by the growth rate of HDI values. ± %\ ZRUG RI PRXWK DOPRVW DOO modern economists and business leaders in the majority of international organizations, national constitutions and charters of political parties recognize the dominant principle of humanism. But in reality things are different. ± +XPDQ GHYHORSPHQW GLIIHUV greatly from country to country, and does not provide good basis for the intercountry comparison. ± 7KHUH LV VWURQJ GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ the successful Western economies and the former Soviet Union countries in life expectancy. ± 7KH OLIH H[SHFWDQF\ DW ELUWK RI the people of the Baltic countries is VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU WKDQ LQ 8NUDLQH Belarus and Russia. ± )RU PRUH GHWDLOV RQH VKRXOG DOVR study the Gender Inequality Index, Gender Development Index and Multidimensional Poverty Index, as well as many other indicators.

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:DOWHU 1 +XPDQLVP ± :KDW¶V LQ WKH :RUG 5DWLRQDOLVW 3UHVV $VVRFLDWLRQ ± /RQGRQ $FFHVV PRGH KWWS UDWLRQDOLVW RUJ XN KWWS G[ GRL RUJ M WE [ 2. Humanism (2002) International +XPDQLVW DQG (WKLFDO 8QLRQ +XPDQLVW $VVRFLDWLRQ $FFHVV PRGH KWWS LKHX RUJ KXPDQLVP WKH DPVWHUGDP GHFODUDWLRQ 6HFXODU KXPDQLVP KWWS ZZZ VHFXODUKXPDQLVP RUJ OLEUDU\ IL FKHUU\B B KWPO (GZRUGV ) :KDW ,V +XPDQLVP" $PHULFDQ +XPDQLVW Association. (18.03.2015)., Access PRGH KWWS ZZZ DPHULFDQKXPDQLVW RUJ ZKRBZHBDUH DERXWBKXPDQLVP :KDWBLVB+XPDQLVP 'H¿QLWLRQV RI KXPDQLVP

Institute for Humanist Studies.

$FFHVV PRGH KWWS KXPDQLVWVWXGLHV RUJ KXPSKLO KWPO 6. Foster D. (2015) Why poverty isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t inevitable. Rationalist Press $VVRFLDWLRQ ± /RQGRQ 7KH 6SULQJ 1HZ +XPDQLVW $FFHVV PRGH KWWSV QHZKXPDQLVW RUJ XN DUWLFOHV WKH spring-2015-new-humanist-is-out-now 7. Malik K. (2014) Measuring Human Progress in the 21st Century.

8SGDWH 0DUFK $FFHVV PRGH KWWS KGU XQGS RUJ HQ FRQWHQW measuring-human-progress-21st-century 8. About Human Development. :KDW LV KXPDQ GHYHORSPHQW" 81'3 Undp.org. 2013-05-26. Retrieved 2013 $FFHVV PRGH KWWS KGU XQGS

RUJ HQ KXPDQGHY +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW 5HSRUW ± 6XVWDLQLQJ +XPDQ 3URJUHVV Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building 5HVLOLHQFH´ +'52 81'3 S Retrieved 25 July 2014., Access mode: KWWS KGU XQGS RUJ HQ FRQWHQW KXPDQ development-report-2014 KWWS G[ GRL RUJ 34bf7a52-en 10. Life expectancy at birth. CIA., $FFHVV PRGH KWWSV ZZZ FLD JRY OLEUDU\ SXEOLFDWLRQV WKH ZRUOG IDFWERRN UDQNRUGHU UDQN KWPO 7DQQLQJ / 7DQQLQJ 7

Rahvusvaheline majandus, I (International Economy, Volume I). Tallinn University of 7HFKQRORJ\ ± 7DOOLQQ 7DQQLQJ / 7DQQLQJ 7

An Analysis of the Quality of Life of CEE-8, Baltic and CIS-4 Countries.

Management and Administrative 6FLHQFHV 5HYLHZ

7DQQLQJ / 7DQQLQJ 7

How former post-socialist countries KDYH EHHQ WKH HFRQRPLF FULVLV" 623 Transactions on Economic Research, USA, 15-33.

7DQQLQJ / 7DQQLQJ 7

Analysis of the Resource Productivity of New Members of the European Union.

Journal of Behavioural Economics, Finance, Entrepreneurship, Accounting and Transport. Science and Education Publishing. USA, 3(1), 21-31.

Information about author: Toivo Tanning - MSc., Doctoral Candidate, Lecturer, Tallinn School of (FRQRPLFV DGGUHVV (VWRQLD 7DOOLQQ FLW\ H PDLO WRLYR#WPN HGX HH

ANALYSIS OF THE HUMANISM PRINCIPLE IN TODAYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ECONOMIES OF THE EU COUNTRIES USING THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND THE EXPENDITURES-RELATED APPROACH T. Tanning, MSc., Doctoral Candidate, Lecturer Tallinn School of Economics, Estonia This publication aims at analysing the dominance of the humanism principle in todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economies of the European Union (EU) Member States with special emphasis on the Baltic States, having at the basis the gross domestic product (GDP) and using the expenditures approach. An attempt is made to compare them on the general European level. This paper is focused on critical analysis of components RI WKH *'3 SHUIRUPHG E\ DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH H[SHQGLWXUHV EDVHG DSSURDFK WR WKH ÂżQDO FRQVXPSWLRQ H[SHQGLWXUHV RI KRXVHKROGV QRQ SURÂżW institutions serving the households and the general government. The analysis shows that the growth of all components of the GDP is not EHQHÂżFLDO WR SHRSOH DQG FRXQWULHV LQ WHUPV RI WKH KXPDQLVP SULQFLSOHV 6FLHQWLÂżF QRYHOW\ LV LQ WKH IDFW WKDW WKH *'3 FRPSRQHQWV DUH FULWLFDO IRU DQDO\VLV DQG SURSRVDOV WR UHODWLRQ WR LPSURYHPHQW RI competitiveness of European countries.

Keywords: humanism, GDP method, GDP growth, consumption expenditures of households, Europe 2020, European Union countries.

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QH RI WKH SULRULWLHV RI WKH Âł(XURSH 2020â&#x20AC;? strategy is to increase the competitiveness of Europe. In addition to the United States there are other competitors - growing economies of China, India and other BRICS countries.

The impacts of the economic crisis on the capabilities of the EU economy have been far reaching. The EU has proposed D QHZ VWUDWHJ\ RI JURZWK Âł(XURSH 2020â&#x20AC;?, which aims at tackling common European challenges and boosting economic growth and high-quality employment through smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. [1] The real long-term analysis of the economic results shows, that the Chinese economy passing as long because world leader the United States by GDP: by purchasing power parity (PPP) early as 2020 and by exchange rates in 2030.

The problem is also, that another part of todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s relatively poor developing countries resolve of Western Europe, Japan, Canada and other wealthy countries of the world in terms of their

economic level. This will directly affect WKH ÂżQDQFLDO VLWXDWLRQ RI WKH ODERXU markets and living standards. In turn, this depends on the economic potential of the country, as well as the political DQG PLOLWDU\ LQĂ&#x20AC;XHQFH > @ Thus, the focus of the Western civilization on competition in Asia, especially with China, India and other emerging economies of developing countries can lead to the fact that todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s developed economies of the Western civilization may in future become subordinate, being economically and politically highly dependent on China, India and other developing countries of today.

A new concept has come into the HFRQRPLF VFLHQFH VLQFH Âą BRICS. It covers the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s take a look at the global and the EUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic power (GDP).

Figures show that the EUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s status based on the GDP (PPP) is quite modest.

17000

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Inevitably, with such trend the EU shall cease also to China. However, the EU-28 and the Euro area have emerged from the crisis, as evidenced by the positive GDP growth.

Based on the current prices the EU and the Euro area are still a bit over the USA. GDP is formed in three approaches: production, expenditures and incomes.

We will analyze the Baltic countries by the expenditure approach, with emphasis on Estonia.

Fig. 5 indicates the total consumption expenditures of households and nonSURÂżW LQVWLWXWLRQV VHUYLQJ WKH KRXVHKROGV as well as the total consumption expenditures of the government in current prices, million euro. During WKH FULVLV \HDUV RI DQG WKHUH was a decline in the expenditures of households. It was relatively stronger in Latvia and weaker in Estonia. Estonia has exceeded the boom level already in 2011, Lithuania - in 2012, but Latvia - only in 2014. It also directly affected

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During the crisis years there was a decline in the expenditures of the general government. Estonia has exceeded the boom level boom already in 2011, but Lithuania and Latvia - only in 2014. It was very large in Latvia, and very small in Estonia. Estonia quickly surpassed the boom level, but Latvia not reached it in 2014. ,V LW JRRG RU EDG" /DWYLD KDV EHFRPH leaner, because the state costs are lower.

This also reduces also their GDP. This is one of contradictions of the GDP assessment.

Now we shall analyse the share

of total consumption expenditures of KRXVHKROGV RI WRWDO 7RWDO LQYHVWPHQW LQ ZDV of the GDP, including the business LQYHVWPHQW JRYHUQPHQW LQYHVWPHQW DQG KRXVHKROGV LQYHVWPHQW > @ (VWRQLD *'3 PLOOLRQ KRXVHKROGV PLOOLRQ DOFRKROLF beverages - 362.53 million, healthcare UHVWDXUDQWV DQG KRWHOV POQ HGXFDWLRQ PLOOLRQ EUR. Estonia 2013: GDP=18731.65 PLOOLRQ KRXVHKROGV PLOOLRQ alcoholic beverages - 858.56 million,

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The lowest shares were in Belgium, (VWRQLD DQG )LQODQG DOO DQG /LWKXDQLD DQG 1RUZD\ ERWK > @ As for the public expenditures on education the Baltic countries are at the same level as the EU average, Germany

DQG WKH 86$ DQG EHWWHU than in Japan (3.78). But the index is lower than in Finland (6.76), Sweden

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Annual expenditures on public and private educational institutions per SXSLO VWXGHQW LQ 336 DUH SUHVHQWHG IRU DOO levels of education, based on full-time HTXLYDOHQWV ([SHQGLWXUHV SHU SXSLO student in public and private institutions indicate how much money central, regional and local levels of government, private households, religious institutions DQG ÂżUPV VSHQG SHU SXSLO VWXGHQW ,W includes expenditures on personnel, as well as other current and capital expenditures.

The Baltic countries show the number twice as large as in Bulgaria and Romania, but still lower than the EU average (6,846.4). The EU level is two times higher than the level of Baltic States. Even greater has Norway

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Annual expenditures of public and private educational institutions per SXSLO VWXGHQW FRPSDUHG WR WKH *'3 SHU capita in the Baltic States are only a little different from other successful countries of the EU. [14] Total consumption expenditures

of households on alcoholic beverages, WREDFFR DQG QDUFRWLFV LQ (VWRQLD DUH among the highest in the EU. Hungary DQG /X[HPERXUJ KDYH WKH VDPH

DQG /DWYLD HYHQ 7KH OHYHO RI WKLV LQGH[ LQ (VWRQLD KDV LQFUHDVHG LQ WR DQG WKHUH LW UHPDLQV ,Q PDQ\ countries with high GDP, it remains ZLWKLQ LQ *HUPDQ\ In 2003 a total amount of money spent on total alcoholic beverages was PLOOLRQ LQ LW ZDV DOUHDG\ 858.56 million EUR. This means that an adult person annually spends a little more than one month of net salary. And here GDWD RQO\ RQ RIÂżFLDO VDOHV LV LQGLFDWHG not taking the smuggled vodka and drugs into account.

A similar situation is observed in Latvia and in another countries.

Discussion & conclusions In conclusion, it is predicted that these regions may be important in the future due to the economic capacity, political and military strength, the current high standard of living, thus leading to the formation of a new economic elite.

But the limited resources slow down this process. This would lead to fundamental changes of the Western civilisation and the rich states, unfortunately.

However, it is clear that the global economic pole moves from the Atlantic WR WKH VKRUHV RI WKH 3DFLÂżF HVSHFLDOO\ to the East Asia. This should also be taken into account when developing the objective in the EU, especially in countries with small businesses. This approach would allow to predict the future better, to make more effective decisions and avoid or at least reduce errors.

The Baltic states are referred to as the Baltic Tigers due to their quick economic development. Can we make a JHQHUDOL]DWLRQ IRU (XURSH" With this attitude, we (EU) will stay below the East Asian countries, although we being in competition with them.

This requires, however, a very thorough analysis of all other interdependent factors.

A common practice is the GDP - the aggregate value of the economy,

which shows the growth of the national economy and development. Is it, KRZHYHU WKH EHVW RSWLRQ" :KLFK VHFWRUV of the economy should show which DPRXQWV IRU LW DFWXDOO\" Public sector spending increases WKH *'3 JURZWK ,V LW D JRRG WKLQJ" However, this takes place at the expense of the taxpayer. We still want a cheaper country.

Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s include the GDP growth into the consumption method: consumption expenditures of households and the general government, investments and the balance of exports and imports.

1. The more households consume, the higher the GDP is. Consumption growth again requires to produce more, and so forth. Does this mean that it is necessary to increase the consumption to WKH LQ¿QLW\" 7R EX\ XQQHFHVVDU\ JRRGV 2. The more alcohol we consume, WKH KLJKHU WKH *'3 LV "

3. As for the convenience to use the GDP growth when performing the analysis, this is usually true. It gives a good overview. However, as we saw above, it is not always suitable. Some factors increase it even being contrary to the principles of humanism.

6FLHQWL¿F QRYHOW\ LV FULWLFDO when analysing the GDP components and making proposals in relation to improvement of competitiveness of the European countries.

References: 1. Europe 2020 Strategy - How is the European Union progressing towards LWV (XURSH WDUJHWV" 0DUFK $FFHVV PRGH KWWS HXURSD HX UDSLG SUHVV UHOHDVHB67$7 BHQ KWP 2. Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Neill, J. Dreaming with BRICs:

The Path to 2050. Global Economics 3DSHU 1R *ROGPDQ 6DFKV *OREDO 5HVHDUFK &HQWUHV $FFHVV PRGH KWWSV www.gs.com 21.10.2012 KWWS G[ GRL RUJ

3. Country Comparison: GDP (Purchasing Power Parity). CIA. $FFHVV PRGH KWWSV ZZZ FLD JRY OLEUDU\ SXEOLFDWLRQV WKH ZRUOG IDFWERRN UDQNRUGHU UDQN KWPO 4. Country Comparison :: GDP 5HDO JURZWK UDWH &,$ $FFHVV PRGH KWWSV ZZZ FLD JRY OLEUDU\ SXEOLFDWLRQV WKH ZRUOG IDFWERRN ¿HOGV KWPO 5. Gross domestic product at market prices.

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10. Investment by institutional VHFWRUV (6$ &RGH WVGHF Eurostat. 12.03.2015., Access mode: KWWS HF HXURSD HX HXURVWDW WJP UHIUHVK7DEOH$FWLRQ GR"WDE WDEOH SOXJL Q SFRGH WVGHF 11. Final consumption expenditure of households, by consumption purpose. &RGH WVGSF $FFHVV PRGH KWWS HF HXURSD HX HXURVWDW HXURVWDW WJP WDEOH GR"WDE WDEOH LQLW SOXJLQ ODQJXD JH HQ SFRGH WVGSF 12. Public expenditure on education, Percent of GDP. Code: tsdsc510.

Eurostat. 12.03.2015., Access mode: KWWS HF HXURSD HX HXURVWDW WJP WDEOH GR"WDE WDEOH LQLW ODQJXDJH HQ SF ode=tsdsc510 13. Annual expenditure on public and private educational institutions per SXSLO VWXGHQW &RGH WSV (XURVWDW Last update: 12.03.2015., Access mode: KWWS HF HXURSD HX HXURVWDW WJP WDEOH GR"WDE WDEOH LQLW ODQJXDJH HQ SF ode=tps00067 14. Annual expenditure on public and private educational institutions compared to GDP per capita. Code: WSV (XURVWDW /DVW XSGDWH $FFHVV PRGH KWWS HF HXURSD HX HXURVWDW HXURVWDW WJP WDEOH GR"WDE WDEOH LQLW SOXJLQ ODQJXD JH HQ SFRGH WSV Information about author: Toivo Tanning - MSc., Doctoral Candidate, Lecturer, Tallinn School of (FRQRPLFV DGGUHVV (VWRQLD 7DOOLQQ FLW\ H PDLO WRLYR#WPN HGX HH

ON THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF GEORGIA: LEGAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS (PART 1)

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G. Chiladze, Dr. of Jurisprudence, Dr. of Economics, Full Prof.

University of Georgia, Georgia

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Long-term support of high rates of economic growth is important for stable and safe development of Georgia. In the model of sustainable GHYHORSPHQW LW LV QHFHVVDU\ WR FRQVLGHU QRW RQO\ WKH SULQFLSOHV RI ÂłWKH small governmentâ&#x20AC;? and carrying out targeted social policy, but also protection and development of intellectual property. Unfortunately, LQ WKH GRFXPHQW Âł2Q WKH QDWLRQDO 6HFXULW\ RI *HRUJLD´ WKHUH LV QR declaration of the fact that regulation of issues related to intellectual safety, development of an intellectual product and improvement of the PRGH RI LWV OHJDO SURWHFWLRQ LV QHFHVVDU\ ,Q RUGHU WR EXLOG WKH XQLÂżHG intellectual safety assessment system of Georgia it is necessary to implement the relevant measures, in particular: formation of indicators DQG SDUDPHWHUV LQVWLWXWLRQDO VXSSRUW GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI WKH OHJDO OLPLWV of protection, the system and methods of evaluation.

Institutional support of intellectual security, including the legal regulation, assessment of the system and methods, should be the prerogative of the Georgian National Security Council, as well as the State Security and Crisis Situations Council of Georgia.

Assessment of intellectual security of the state can be carried out either on the basis of expert opinions, or using the situational modelling method or the statistical modelling method. On the basis of materials obtained from the relevant Georgian ministries and agencies WKH PDLQ LQGLFDWRUV DQG SDUDPHWHUV ZKLFK FDQ VLJQLÂżFDQWO\ DIIHFW WKH VWDWH LQWHOOHFWXDO VHFXULW\ FDQ EH LGHQWLÂżHG

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Keywords: intellectual property, intellectual security, national security, legal regulation, economic policy.

Conference participant, 1DWLRQDO FKDPSLRQVKLS LQ VFLHQWLÂżF DQDO\WLFV Open European and Asian research analytics championship

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References: 1. Organicheskij Zakon Gruzii ÂŤO 6RYHWH 1DFLRQDOÂśQRM %H]RSDVQRVWLÂŞ >7KH 2UJDQLF /DZ RI *HRUJLD Âł2Q National Security Councilâ&#x20AC;?]., Access PRGH KWWS ZZZ QVF JRY JH UHV GRFV SGI 2. Ob izmenenijah v Organicheskom Zakone Gruzii ÂŤO Sovete Nacionalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;noj %H]RSDVQRVWLÂŞ >$PHQGPHQWV WR WKH 2UJDQLF /DZ RI *HRUJLD Âł2Q National Security Councilâ&#x20AC;?]., Access PRGH KWWS ZZZ QVF JRY JH UHV GRFV SGI 3. Ustav apparata Soveta Nacionalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;noj Bezopasnosti Gruzii [Charter of the apparatus of the Georgian National Security Council]., Access PRGH KWWS ZZZ QVF JRY JH UHV GRFV SGI 4. Postanovlenie Pravitelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;stva Gruzii Ę&#x2039; RW J Š2E XWYHU]KGHQLL ustava apparata i shtatnogo raspisanija Soveta upravlenija gosudarstvennoj EH]RSDVQRVWL L NUL]LVDPLÂŞ >5HVROXWLRQ RI the Government of Georgia No. 86 from Âł2Q DSSURYDO RI WKH FKDUWHU DSSDUDWXV DQG VWDIÂżQJ RI 6WDWH 6HFXULW\ and Crisis Councilâ&#x20AC;?]., Access mode: KWWS JRY JH ÂżOHV B B B 86.pdf 5. National Security Concept of *HRUJLD $FFHVV PRGH KWWSV PRG JRY JH DVVHWV XS PRGXO XSORDGV SGI 16& GEO.pdf 6. Threat Assessment Document of *HRUJLD $FFHVV PRGH KWWSV PRG JRY JH DVVHWV XS PRGXO XSORDGV SGI 7$' GEO.pdf 7. National Military Strategy of *HRUJLD $FFHVV PRGH KWWSV PRG JRY JH DVVHWV XS PRGXO XSORDGV SGI 106

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R. Puzikov, Candidate of Jurisprudence, Associate Professor Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Russia

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The author examines the current state of the legal regulation in WKH VSKHUH RI SXEOLF VDIHW\ LQ 5XVVLD DQG DEURDG LGHQWLÂżHV WKH SODFH and role of the modern legal policy in formation of the concept and content of social security. The author also considers the forms and means of ensuring the social security in the legal life of the modern VWDWH LGHQWLÂżHV WKH SUREOHPV RI DSSOLFDWLRQ RI NQRZOHGJH LQ YDULRXV branches of law, and also prepares the proposals in relation to prospects of further development of this area of public knowledge.

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Keywords: legal policy, public safety, legal life, the doctrine of law.

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ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ȼ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ©ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩ ©ɛª ɢ ©ɞª ɱ ɫɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ

ȼ ȼ Ɇɚɦɨɧɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɢɲɟɬ ©ɉɪɢ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɊɎ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ©ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞ ɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹª ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɧɚɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ Ⱥ Ɋ ɏɚɥɚɬɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ©ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚª Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ɊɎ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɹ ɟɟ ɤ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɨɪɦ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɞɚɥ ɂ Ȼ Ʉɚɪɞɚɲɨɜɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹª ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨ ɇɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɨɬ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɢɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ

ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɥɟɝɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɧɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɚɯ ɉɪɢɧɹɬɵɣ ɟɳɟ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɊɎ ©Ɉ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢª ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɟɦɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɥɟɬ ɞɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ©ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɝɪɨɡª Ʉ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɥ ©ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢª ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɚ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ Ⱦ ȼ ɂɪɨɲɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ ©ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɨɣª Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɊɎ ©Ɉ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢª ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɥ ɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɨ ɱɟɦ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɋ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟɦ ɜ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ©Ɉ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢª ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɫɬɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɥɟɝɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ Ƚ Ɂ Ɇɚɧɫɭɪɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɉɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɋ Ⱥ ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ©ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹª ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ² ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫ-

ɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ² ɋɨɜɟɬ Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ

ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɪɚɡɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɚɥ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ©ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª ɱɬɨ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ± ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ Ʉ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ©Ɉ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢª ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ɍɚɤ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɊɎ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɋɨɜɟɬɨɦ Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬ Ⱦɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɟ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ ɜɨɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ

ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ Ɉɫɨɛɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɋɇɄ ɋɋɋɊ ɨɬ ʋ ©ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɢª ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ©ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɭɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɹɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ ɩ ª ©ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬª ɢ ɞɪ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜɨɡɥɚɝɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɋɇɄ ɊɋɎɋɊ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɤ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɇɄȼȾ ɋɋɋɊ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɢ ©ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚª ɉɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɊɎ ©Ɉ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɢª ɝɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɢɫɶ ©ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢª ©ɨɯɪɚɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢª Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ©ɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧª ɧɚ ©ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢª ɜɜɢɞɭ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɦɵɫ-

ɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ©ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶª ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ©Ɉ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢª ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ ± ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ± ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɥɚ ©ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɆȼȾª ɤɚɤ ɜɩɪɨɱɟɦ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ± ɤ ɄȽȻ ɇɨ ɢ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ± ɩɨ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ©Ɉ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢª ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɦɵɬɨ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨɬ ʋ ɎɁ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ

©Ɉ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɢ ɥɢɰ ɛɟɡ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢª ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ± ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɢɚɬɚ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɊɋɎɋɊ ɨɬ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ ɝɨɞɚ ©Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ

ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɊɋɎɋɊª ©ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɚɦɨ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɨ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɊɋɎɋɊ ɝ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɚɫɶ ɝɥɚɜɚ ©ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɡɞɪɚɜɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤª ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɬɪɢɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɯ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɹɝɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɛɵɥɨ ©ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɡɞɪɚɜɢɟª ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɹɞɨɜɢɬɵɯ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ± ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɪɹɞɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɜɨɩɪɟɤɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɉɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ± ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ± ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɦ ɞɨɪɨɝɚɦ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɹɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ± ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɚɭɥɚ ɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɜɫɹɤɢɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɢɟ ± ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɧɟɫɬɪɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ± ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɛ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ȼ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩ-

ɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɛɵɥ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɭɝɪɨɡɚɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɹɧɢɹ ± ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɚ ɢ ɫɛɵɬ ɜɡɪɵɜɱɚɬɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɫɧɚɪɹɞɨɜ ɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɧɟɫɬɪɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɨɯɨɬɧɢɱɶɟɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ± ɧɟɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɧɨɦ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɫɭɞɧɭ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɜɲɟɦɭɫɹ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɤɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ± ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɛ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ©ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɯɪɚɧɭ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɜɥɟɤɥɢ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹª ɜ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧ ɤ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɜ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɟ ɊɋɎɋɊ ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧ ɤ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɗɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɢ ɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɨɫɶ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɟɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɢ ɭɝɪɨɡɚɯ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɥ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ± ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɋɆɂ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɤɚɤ ©ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɜ ɫɜɟɬ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɮɨɬɨ ɤɢɧɨ ɰɟɧɡɭɪɵª ©ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɢɚɬɚ ɉɨɱɬ ɢ Ɍɟɥɟɝɪɚɮɨɜª

ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɭ ©ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɡɞɪɚɜɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤª ɬɨ ɜɫɬɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɛ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɹɝɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɹɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɦɟɥɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɡɭɪɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɫɹɝɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɟɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɭɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɭ ɩɪɚɜɹɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɢ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɞ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ ɊɋɎɋɊ ɝɨɞɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥ ɝɥɚɜɭ ©ɉɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹª Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɭɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɜɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɚɹ ɱɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤª ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɧɚɦ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ ©ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤª ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ©ɧɚɪɨɞª ɧɚ ©ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟª ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɉɨ ɋ ɂ Ɉɠɟɝɨɜɭ ©ɧɚɪɨɞª ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɭɝɧɟɬɚɟɦɚɹ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɦ

Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ

± ©ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟª ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɋɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɤ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɢɫɶ ± ɭɝɪɨɡɚ ɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɹɠɤɢɯ ɬɟɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ± ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ± ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ± ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ± ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɰɟɯɚɯ ± ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɱɚɬɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ± ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɟ ɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɛɵɬ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɱɚɬɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ± ɧɟɛɪɟɠɧɨɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɧɟɫɬɪɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ ± ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɥɤɚ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɟɞɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɊɎ ɢ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɨɛ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɊɎ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɝɥɚɜɭ ©ɉɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢª Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɯɜɚɬ ɡɚɥɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɛɚɧɞɢɬɢɡɦ ɭɝɨɧ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɯɭɥɢɝɚɧɫɬɜɨ

ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ ɩ Ƚɨɜɨɪɹ ɨɛ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ©ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª ȿ ȼ Ȼɟɡɪɭɱɤɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ©ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɨɫɹɝɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɢ ɨɩɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɨɜª ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ± ɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɭɝɪɨɡɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɥɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ ɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɯ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫ ɊɎ ɨɛ Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɝɥɚɜɭ ©Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɹɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɩɨɫɹɝɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɢ ɄɨȺɉ ɊɎ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɦ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ

ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɹɝɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɚ ɜɢɞ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ Ɂɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɱɬɨ ɯɭɥɢɝɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɤ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɧɨ ɜ ɝɪɭɛɨɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ Ⱥ ©ɦɟɥɤɨɟ ɯɭɥɢɝɚɧɫɬɜɨª ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɄɨȺɉ ɊɎ ɟɫɬɶ ©ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚª Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɱɬɨ ɝɪɭɛɨɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɗɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɨɥɤɭɟɬ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ ©ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤª ɭɡɤɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɣ ©ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯª Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɚɥɢɰɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ©ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª ɢ ©ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤª ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɵ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟ ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɨɪɦ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɢ ɄɨȺɉ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɨɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɪɭɝ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɹɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɥ ɧɚɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɠɟ ɱɟɦ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɹɞ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɟ Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɍɤɚɡ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ ʋ ©Ɉ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚª Ƚɨɜɨɪɹ ɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ©ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ

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Obshhee gubernskoe uchrezhdenie [Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. General provincial institution]. - Sankt Peterburg., ,]GDWHOÂśVWYR Âł7LS 9WRURJR 2WGHOHQLMD Sobstvennoj E.I.V.Kanceljariiâ&#x20AC;?., 1857 1474 p.

2. Konstitucija Rossijskoj Sovetskoj Federativnoj Socialisticheskoj Respubliki JRGD >7KH &RQVWLWXWLRQ RI WKH Russian Soviet Federative Socialist 5HSXEOLF RI @ $FFHVV PRGH KWWS FRQVWLWXWLRQ JDUDQW UX KLVWRU\ XVVU UVIVU UHGB 3. Kardashova I.B. Ukreplenie konstitucionnyh osnov obshhestvennoj bezopasnosti [Strengthening the constitutional foundations of the public safety]., Zakony Rossii: opyt, analiz, praktika [Russian Laws: experience, analysis, and practice]. 2010., No. 4.

4. Mansurov G.Z. Zakonodatelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;stvo o bezopasnosti: nekotorye problemy dalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;nejshego sovershenstvovanija [Legislation on security: some problems of further improvement]., Bezopasnostâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; biznesa [Business Security]., 2011.

No. 3., pp. 10-13.

5. Postanovlenie SNK SSSR RW Ę&#x2039; Š3ROR]KHQLH R UDERFKH NUHVWÂśMDQVNRM PLOLFLLÂŞ >'HFUHH 61. RQ Ę&#x2039; Âł7KH SRVLWLRQ of the workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and peasantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; militiaâ&#x20AC;?]., $FFHVV PRGH KWWS VKLHOGDQGVZRUG PR]RKLQ UX GRFXPHQWV VWDWHPHQWB rkm25531.htm

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RW 1 )= >)HGHUDO /DZ Âł2Q PLJUDWLRQ UHJLVWUDWLRQ RI IRUHLJQ citizens and stateless individuals in the 5XVVLDQ )HGHUDWLRQ´ GDWHG 1R )=@ $FFHVV PRGH KWWS ZZZ FRQVXOWDQW UX GRFXPHQW FRQVBGRFB /$:B 7. Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Ju. Tolkovyj slovarâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; russkogo jazyka: 80 000 slov i frazeologicheskih vyrazhenij [Dictionary of Russian language: 80 000 words and idiomatic

expressions]., Rossijskaja akademija nauk.

Institut russkogo jazyka im. V.V. Vinogradova [The Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Russian Language n.a. V.V. Vinogradov]. ,VVXH 0RVNYD $]EXNRYQLN S Information about author: 5XVODQ 3X]LNRY Âą &DQGLGDWH RI Jurisprudence, Associate Professor, Tambov State University named after * 5 'HU]KDYLQ DGGUHVV 5XVVLD 7DPERY FLW\ H PDLO UXVODQODZ#PDLO UX

INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND HIGHER EDUCATION

International Academy of Science and Higher Education (IASHE, London, UK) is a scientific and educational organization that combines sectoral public activities with the implementation of commercial programs designed to promote the development of science and education as well as to create and implement innovations in various spheres of public life.

Activity of the Academy is concentrated on promoting of the scientific creativity and increasing the significance of the global science through consolidation of the international scientific society, implementation of massive innovational scientific-educational projects

Issues of the IASHE are distributed across Europe and America, widely presented in catalogues of biggest scientific and public libraries of the United Kingdom.

While carrying out its core activities the Academy also implements effective programs in other areas of social life, directly related to the dynamics of development of civilized international scientific and educational processes in Europe and in global community.

Scientific digests of the GISAP project are available for acquaintance and purchase via such world famous book-trading resources as amazon.com and bookdepository.co.uk.

www: http://iashe.eu

e-mail: office@iashe.eu

phone: +44 (20) 71939499

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LEGAL SUPPORT AND FOSTERING THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE US, CANADA, JAPAN AND THE EU COUNTRIES

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Keywords: law, regulation, state, innovations, science, technologies, Russian Federation, USA, Canada, Japan, European Union.

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ɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɜɡɚɦɟɧ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ± ɬɵɫ ɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ȼ Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɢ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɨ ɦɥɧ ɟɜɪɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɵ ɢ ɇɂɂ > ɫ @ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɥɧ ɟɜɪɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ȼ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɉɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɞɜɭɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ ɢɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɪɨɥɶɸ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɜ ɞɟɥɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨ ɨɩɪɨɫ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɪɦ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɜɟɞɭɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɥɟɬ ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɛɵɥ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ Ɉɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ

©ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟª ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɢ ©ɫɥɚɛɵɟª ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ Ɏɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ©ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢª ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ©ɫɥɚɛɵɦɢª ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɚ ɩɨ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɦ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɯɨɠɢɦɢ ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɢ ɮɢɪɦɚɦ > ɫ @ ɉɪɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɥɶɝɨɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɦ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɧɨ ɢ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɵɱɚɝɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɱɟɬɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɢɦɢɞɠ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɬ ɞ Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ©ɩɥɚɧɤɚª ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɥɶɝɨɬ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɚ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ əɩɨɧɢɢ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɬɨɧɧɚɠɧɨɟ ɫɭɞɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɑɟɪɟɡ ɥɟɬ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ əɩɨɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɥɚ ɥɢɞɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɚɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɯ ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɧɞɵ ɉɨ ɢɧɵɦ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɬ ɩ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɦ ɜ ɷɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɇɂɈɄɊ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ ɬ ɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ

ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɉɨ ɩɪɨɪɵɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚɦ ɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɟ ɊɎ ɥɶɝɨɬɚɦ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɥɶɝɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɚ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɬ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɛ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɟɞɢɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɥɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɜɨɡɧɵɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɲɥɢɧ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ ɧɨɭ ɯɚɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɪɵɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɧɚɥɨɝɢ ɢ ɩɨɲɥɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚɦ ɝ ɭɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɇɂɈɄɊ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɚ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɢɡ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɨɫ-

ɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɧɟ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɟ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɢ ɞ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɭɸ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢɡ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚ ɧɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɧɨɫɚ ɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɚɝɚɟɦɭɸ ɛɚɡɭ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɦɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɦɟɡɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɡɚɤɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɡɚɤɚɡɚ

ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɥɶɝɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ ɧɚ ɇɂɈɄɊ ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɥɶɝɨɬɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ Ɇɢɧɩɪɨɦɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɊɂɇɄɐɗ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɧɚ ɇɂɈɄɊ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɚ ɷɬɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɵ ɨɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ± ɝɨɫɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɨɛ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɥɶɝɨɬɚɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɨɞ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɫɟɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝ ɢɧɠɢɧɢɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɉɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɥɶɝɨɬɵ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨ

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ON THE POSSIBILITY TO APPLY ELEMENTS OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY USING THE MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN RUSSIA

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E. Korolev, Student Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Russia

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Keywords: elections, referendum, e-democracy, state, society, information space, biometric data, information resources.

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ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɞɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɧɟɞɨɜɟɪɱɢɜɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɭ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɺ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɟ Ɇɵ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɲɟɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɞɨɛɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɇɨ ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɺɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɜ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɚɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɺɦ ɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɢɛɨ ɷɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɫ ɩɪɢɲɟɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɚɛɫɟɧɬɟɢɡɦɚ >ɋɦ @ ɉɨɞ ɚɛɫɟɧɬɟɢɡɦɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɣɤɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɜ ɨɬɤɚɡ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ > ɫ @ Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɟ

ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɑɬɨ ɠɟ ɢɡ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ" ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɜɫɺ ɹɫɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɇɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɧɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɞɧɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɷɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɥɟɢɡɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɤ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ > ɫ @ ȼɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɝɪɚɧɶ Ⱥ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɞ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜ

ɚ ɰɟɥɭɸ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɭ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɺ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ ɉɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ȼ ȿ ɑɭ ɪɨɜɚ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɟɳɺ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ©ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɟɣª > @ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵ ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ ©ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɟª ɢɥɢ ( 9RWLQJ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɣ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥ Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɄɗȽ ɧɨ ɨ

ɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɚ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɦ Ⱥ ɱɬɨ ɠɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɥɸɱɟ ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɋɨɸɡɟ ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ©Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɹª ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ ɝ ©Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭª ɞɟɤɚɛɪɶ ɝ

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2. Informacionnaja teorija demokratii [Information theory of GHPRFUDF\@ $FFHVV PRGH KWWSV UX ZLNLSHGLD RUJ ZLNL ,QIRUPDFLRQQDMDB WHRULMDBGHPRNUDWLL UHIHUHQFH GDWH 2015).

3. Miheev D.N. Absentizm Âą YR]PR]KQ\H SXWL SURWLYRGHMVWYLMX [Absenteeism.

Possible ways of counteraction]., Aprobacija [Approbation]. Âą 0DKDFKNDOD 1R

pp. 81-83.

4. Mitjaeva Ju.V. Opyt provedenija internet-golosovanija na vyborah i referendumah v Rossii i za rubezhom [Experience of Internet voting in elections and referendums in Russia and abroad]., Vybory: teorija i praktika [Election: Theory and Practice]., 2013., No. 2 (26).

5. Doklad Predsedatelja CIK Rossii V.E. Churova na X Mezhdunarodnyh Lihachevskih nauchnyh chtenijah [Report

of the Chairman of the Russian Central Election Commission V.E. Churov at WKH ; ,QWHUQDWLRQDO /LNKDFKRY VFLHQWLÂżF readings]. Vybory kak politicheskij institut v sovremennom mnogopoljarnom i mulâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;tikulâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;turnom mire [Elections as a political institution in the modern multipolar and multicultural world]., $FFHVV PRGH KWWS ZZZ FLNUI UX LQY VRVWDYFLN ELRJUDI\ FKXURY GRNODG MVS (reference date 03.07 2015). É&#x2026;ɢɏÉ&#x;ÉŞÉ&#x161;ÉŹÉ­ÉŞÉ&#x161; É&#x2030;ɪɚɌÉ&#x161;Éš É&#x17E;É&#x;ɌɨɤɪÉ&#x161;ɏɢɚ É&#x2014;ÉĽÉ&#x;ɤɏɪɨɧɧɾɣ ÉŞÉ&#x;ÉŤÉ­ÉŞÉŤ 85/ KWWSV UX ZLNLSHGLD RUJ ZLNL É&#x2030;ɪɚɌÉ&#x161;ÉšBÉ&#x17E;É&#x;ɌɨɤɪÉ&#x161;ɏɢɚ É&#x17E;É&#x161;ÉŹÉ&#x161; ɨÉ&#x203A;ÉŞÉ&#x161;ÉłÉ&#x;ɧɢɚ

É&#x201A;ɧɎɨɪɌÉ&#x161;ɰɢɨɧɧÉ&#x161;Éš ÉŹÉ&#x;ɨɪɢɚ É&#x17E;É&#x;ɌɨɤɪÉ&#x161;ɏɢɢ É&#x2014;ÉĽÉ&#x;ɤɏɪɨɧɧɾɣ ÉŞÉ&#x;ÉŤÉ­ÉŞÉŤ 85/ KWWSV UX ZLNLSHGLD RUJ ZLNL É&#x201A;ɧɎɨɪɌÉ&#x161;ɰɢɨɧɧÉ&#x161;ÉšBÉŹÉ&#x;ɨɪɢɚBÉ&#x17E;É&#x;ɌɨɤɪÉ&#x161;ɏɢɢ É&#x17E;É&#x161;ÉŹÉ&#x161; ɨÉ&#x203A;ÉŞÉ&#x161;ÉłÉ&#x;ɧɢɚ

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Information about author: Evgeniy Korolev - Student, Tambov 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ QDPHG DIWHU * 5 'HU]KDYLQ DGGUHVV 5XVVLD 7DWDQRYR YLOODJH H PDLO NRUR #UDPEOHU UX

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENTIFIC AND INNOVATIVE ANALYTICS OF THE IASHE DOCTORAL DYNAMIC SCIENTIFIC AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAMS ACADEMIC SCIENTIFIC AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAMS INTERNATIONAL ATTESTATION-BASED LEGALIZATION OF QUALIFICATIONS SCIENTIFIC AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAM OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION IMPROVEMENT DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAMS BIBLIOGRAPHIC SCIENTIFIC-ANALYTICAL ACADEMIC PROGRAMS BIBLIOGRAPHIC SCIENTIFIC-ANALYTICAL DOCTORAL PROGRAMS AUTHORITATIVE PROGRAMS http://university.iashe.eu

e-mail: university@iashe.eu

Phone: + 44 (20) 71939499

*,6$3 &KDPSLRQVKLSV DQG &RQIHUHQFHV Branch of science

Dates

Stage

Event name JUNE

Philology

08.06-13.06

II

Issues of preservation of originality and interference of national languages in conditions of globalized international life

Culturology, Physical culture and Sports, Art History, History and Philosophy

08.06-13.06

II

Human creativity phenomenon in ups and downs of the historical process

JULY Medicine, Pharmaceutics, Biology, Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural sciences

06.07-12.07

II

Innovative approaches in diagnostics and treatment of human and animal diseases caused by injuries, genetic and pathogenic factors

Economics, Jurisprudence and Management, Sociology, Political and Military Sciences

06.07-12.07

II

Value of the personality and collective interactions in the social progress ensuring process AUGUST

Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry, Earth and Space Sciences

04.08-10.08

II

Modern methods of studying matter and interaction of substances, as well as the subject-based relations modeling

Technical Science, Architecture and Construction

04.08-10.08

II

Solving problems of optimal combination of standards of quality, innovative technical solutions and comfort of operation when developing and producing devices and construction objects SEPTEMBER

Educational sciences and Psychology

III

+DUPRQLRXV SHUVRQDO GHYHORSPHQW SUREOHP LQ UHODWLRQ WR VSHFL¿FLW\ RI modern education and socialization processes OCTOBER

Philology Culturology, Physical culture and Sports, Art History, History and Philosophy

05.10-10.10

III

Trends of language cultures development through the prism of correlation EHWZHHQ WKHLU FRPPXQLFDWLYH IXQFWLRQV DQG FXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDO VLJQL¿FDQFH

05.10-10.10.10

III

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Medicine, Pharmaceutics, Biology, Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural sciences

10.11-15.11

III

Modern methods of ensuring health and quality of human life through the prism of development of medicine and biological sciences

Economics, Jurisprudence and Management, Sociology, Political and Military Sciences

10.11-15.11

III

Correlation between humanity and pragmatism in target reference points of modern methods of public relations regulation DECEMBER

Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry, Earth and Space Sciences

07.12-13.12

III

Object-related and abstract techniques of studying spatio-temporal and structural characteristics of matter

Technical Science, Architecture and Construction

07.12-13.12

III

Current trends in development of innovations and implementation of them into the process of technical and construction objects production