GAVA Simple Limb Initiative
DSID128 Spring 2015 Leslie Speer Gouichi Tanaka, Amaranta Hernandez, Vince Bjorge, Ashley Bachman 1
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Table of Contents Phase 0 Form Phase 1 Research Phase 2 Analyze Phase 3 Define Phase 4 Ideate Phase 5 Create Phase 6 Validate Phase 7 Model
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Phase 0 Briefing
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Ashley Bachman
Amaranta Hernandez
Vincent Bjorge
Gouichi Tanaka
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“Colombia is Second in World for Land Mine Victims, Behind Afghanistan.” -FOX News Latino Sept. 26, 2012
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COLOMBIA 4.5833° N, 74.0667° W Population: 48 million Capital: Bogotá
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Accidents Briefing
Hot Spots The map to the right illustrates the abundance of landmine-related accidents throughout Colombia. In particular, the areas of interest that will be our focus are the regions of Antioquia and Meta.
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History Briefing
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) The “Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia�, originally in Spanish called Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, or commonly known as FARC, is a guerrilla organization responsible for the scattered land mines across Colombia.
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Phase 1 Research
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Geographic Regions Colombia
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Amazon
Pacific
Andes
Caribbean
Savannah
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Culture Colombia
Art, Music, Festivals Colombia is rich with a range of regional music from its Caribbean coast to Andean highlands, each with its own unique style. Some of the commonly known genres of music include cumbia, vallenato, salsa, and contemporary pop or jazz. Art and festivals are always full of bright, lively colors accompanied by music and dancing.
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Youth Colombia
Children in Poverty As many children in Colombia live in poverty, it is estimated that 1 out of 10 are uneducated, forcing them to enter into the workforce at an early age to support their families. As a means for survival, children are also seen involved in the armed forces, or even prostitution at as early as 11 years old.
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Industry Colombia
Job Sectors Mining takes on a large portion of the Colombian workforce due to having one of the largest coal reserves in Latin America, as well as 80% of the worldwide emerald supply. Construction has been booming since the early 2000’s in order to support the development transportation infrastructure. Agriculture continues to be Colombia’s oldest industry; although only 5% of the land is cultivated, it makes up about 30% of its workforce.
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Transportation Colombia
Urban Grid The most common means of transportation in Colombia include railways, buses, taxis, private cars, motorcycles, bicycles, and walking by foot. Public transit if fairly accessible for people who live within metro areas. There is a direct correlation between the activity in construction and transportation growth.
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Manufacturing Colombia
Mass Production The textile industry represents about a fifth of the entire employment of Colombia, with the U.S. as a main export market.
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Mahavir-Kmina Organization
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Mahavir-Kmina is a non-profit corporation in Medellin, Colombia started in 2007. Their sole objective is to manufacture prosthetics, and provide and fit them to amputees at no cost. It is estimated that they provide artificial limbs to 250 amputees per year, many of whom are children and young adolescents. They assist patients with medical consultation, production and fitting, physical therapy, and psychological support. Due to their efforts, they have facilitated the injured to re-integrate more easily into society; Whether it is getting an education, returning to their job, or participating in activities, they have helped people take back some of their potential.
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Low-Cost Prosthesis Case Study * Collaboration between Waag Society in The Netherlands, an Institute of Art, Science and Technology * And The house of Natural Fibers’ Fablab in Yogyakarta, Indonesia * Prosthetic with product costs below $50 * Produce a sustainable prosthesis by using local materials * Pineapple tree fibers combined with PU rubber compound to make the socket
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D-Rev Knee Case Study
Jaipur Knee V1
ReMotion Knee V2
ReMotion Knee V3
Stanford University students developed the V1 ReMotion to be produced and fitted by the JaipurFoot Organization.
Manufactured in Menlo Park, California to be distributed through Fundicion Protesis Para la Vida in Ecuador.
First mass manufactured version, design for global scale production.
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Phase 2 Analyze
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Amputations and Prosthetic Prep Amputation & Preparation Ergonomics
Limb exercises to correct
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Prosthetic Fitment Top edge of socket should be rounded to form wide lip on the back where the butt can sit.
Above knee
Weight bearing should be on the butt bone and over the entire stump. Pinch points found to cause long term damage caused by Ischial socket.
Prosthetic Fitting Ergonomics
Boys ages 9 to 13 gain an average of 10.5 pounds per year, and grow an average of 2.8 inches per year. Girls ages 9 to 13 gain an average of 13 pounds per year and grow an average of 1.75 inches per year. Every 6 to 12 months child prosthetic will need replacing.
Below knee 31
Human Movement Human Movement Ergonomics
Walking bounce Point of impact
Period of gradual weight increase as body is vaulted over the supporting leg
Period of opposite leg acting as supporting leg providing upward “bounce� allowing for the prosthetic to be kicked forward In addition the to basic needs of a leg prosthetic providing the ability to walk and stand, the children of colombia will require the ability to be able to climb steep slopes, trees, and fencing. The foot will need to be able to adjust to the rocky terrain while providing adequate traction or have the ability to wear shoes. School activities include running and jumping type play.
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Behavior
Behaviors
Age, personality, and social support will all have an effect on the outcome of how well an amputee will accept their new condition and prosthetic.
Age
Body Image
Fulfilment of desires
For a young child, the fulfilment of desire will most likely lie within being able to participate in the same activities as their peers without the prosthetic drawing attention or hindering them. The prosthetic should also be easy enough to maintain as to become habit forming.
Easy to fix
Dependent
Narcissistic
Easy to maintain
Sense of Ownership
Power/Control 33
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Anthropometric parameters Age/ Height
Boys Girls
20 18
100
39.4
9
90
35.4
80
31.5
70
27.5
8
16 14
6
12
5
10 8
4
6
3
4
Centimeters per year
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Inches per year
Centimeters per year
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62 60
23.6
55
50
19.7
40
15.8
30
11.8
20
7.8
2
2 0
Inches per year
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Age/ Leg length
0 1
2
3
4 5 6 7
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9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Age A steady rate of 2.5 inches per year from age 6 to 8 years old.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
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Age A difference of 2.75 inches in leg length between age 6 to 8 years old.
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Phase 3 Define
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Design Process Approach Define Design Process Research Primary: - Interview Amputees - Interview rehabilitation specialists - Interview medical anthropologist Secondary: - Watch documentaries - Examine case studies Ideation brainstorm: - Individual Concept Development: - Individual with weekly collaboration Prototyping: - Both individual and collaborative Testing: - Collaborative Refinement: - Individual Documentation: - Collaborative
Ideation brainstorm R e s e a r c h
Concept development P r o t o
Refinement
GOAL 38
T e s t i n g
D o c u m e n t
Stakeholders
olders
Define Support Group
Amputee Support Group - Mahavir Kmina
- Therapist - Designers - Colombia
Family & Community - Parents
Doctors & Healthcare
Family & Friends
- Siblings - Relatives - Friends - Teachers - Classmates - Employer - Coworkers
Doctors & Healthcare - Primary doctor
- Physicians - Technicians - Nurses - Medical device companies
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Design Approach
Hierarchy of Needs
Primary Needs Define
Primary needs 1. Fit and Comfort 2. Ability to Walk 3. Avoid pain, rashes, blisters
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Design Approach
Secondary Needs
Secondary Needs 1. Self-esteem 2. Identity 3. Social Acceptance
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Intrinsic Values Define
Values Creating Emotions Safe
Energized
Excited Trusting
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Valued Stimulated
Cared-for
In-control Confident Pleased
Opportunity Define A prosthetic for.........
vs Rural Activity
Urban Activity
Reality
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Goals Goals Define
IS
ARKET PLACE?
O AT D WH
PEOPLE WANT?
WH AT I
SD ES I
RA
OB JE CT IV
COLOMBIA
R? SE EU
THE
TH
E?
TO
CULTURE
CHILD
• BEHAVIOR • LIFESTYLE
(SOCIETY)
WHAT IS
BL
E
W
T HA
BL VIA
M THE N I E
(USER)
DESIRABILITY
VIABILITY
UNIQUE TO COLOMBIA CREATE JOBS NATIONAL BRANDING PROMOTE UNITY
PRODUCTION • NATURAL RESOURCES • INDUSTRIES
D
F
U
ERGONOMICS • ANTHROPOMETRICS • USER EXPERIENCE
TECHNOLOGY
W HO
PROSTHETIC (PRODUCT)
PR
AB IL IT Y
TO
(BUSINESS)
OC
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N
EE
D?
W
HA TI SP OS SIBL E
? WITH TECHNOLOGY
HO WE
ASY IS IT
TO USE? EA
N EA S FU SE O
D
DUCT?
MAHAVIR KMINA
CUSTOMIZABLE DYNAMIC TRENDY FASHHIONABLE OWNERSHIP INCORPORATE ART INCORPORATE MUSIC INDENTITY
USABILITY
PRO
SIMPLE MECHANICS EASE OF SERVICE RELIABLE PROCESS ACCESSIBLE MATERIALS LOW COST MANUFACTURING REPURPOSED MATERIALS
• MANUFACTURE PROCESS • TOOLS AVAILABLE
TH E
FEASIBILITY • • • • • •
V
• • • • • • • •
OF
• • • •
AR E L
• • • • • • • • •
COMFORTABLE ADJUSTABLE STABLE APPROACHABLE ROBUST LIGHTWEIGHT WATERPROOF MAINTENANCE SERVISABLE
Mission Statement Define
A $30 or less, fully functional prosthetic that alleviates the physical limitations, psychological and social stigmas imposed on school age children and their community. A prosthetic leg that is an aid, an extension and an enhancement to the human body. The prosthetic will play to the strengths of Mahavir-Kmina’s facilities and capabilities.
6-8 years old School-age children in Colombia 45
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Phase 4 Ideate
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2D Exploration Socket
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3D Mockups Socket
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Decision Matrix Socket
Selection Criteria Aesthetics Comfort Structural Durability Material Properties Elemental resistance Versatility Customizability Cost Maintenance Safe Guards Sum +’s Sum 0’s Sum -’s Net Score Rank Continue
Concept D
Concept E
Concept F
0 + 0 0 + + + + + 6 3 1 5 1 Yes
+ 0 1 1 8 -7 3 No
+ 0 + 0 0 + + + 5 3 2 3 2 Yes 51
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2D Exploration Knee
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2D Exploration Knee
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3D Mockups Knee
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3D Overview Knee
photo of evolution
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Knee decision matrix
Selection Criteria Aesthetics Comfort Structural Durability Material Properties Elemental resistance Versatility Customizability Cost Maintenance Safe Guards Sum +’s Sum 0’s Sum -’s Net Score Rank Continue
Concept A
Concept B
Concept C
Concept D
Concept E
Concept F
+ + 2 0 8 -6 4 No
+ + + 3 0 7 -4 1 Yes
+ 1 0 9 -8 5 No
+ + + 3 0 8 -5 3 Yes
0 + + 2 1 7 -5 2 Yes
+ + + + + + + 7 03 7 4 1 Yes 57
2S Exploration Fairing
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3D Mockups 1
2
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4
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2D Exploration Foot
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3D Mockups
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3D Overview Foot
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Decision Matrix Foot
Selection Criteria Aesthetics Comfort Structural Durability Material Properties Elemental resistance Versatility Customizability Cost Maintenance Safe Guards Sum +’s Sum 0’s Sum -’s Net Score Rank Continue
Concept A
Concept B
Concept C
Concept D
Concept E
Concept F
0 + + 0 2 2 6 -4 3 No
0 0 0 0 0 4 6 -6 4 No
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 -4 3 No
0 + + + + + 0 0 5 3 2 3 1 Yes
0 + 1 1 8 -7 5 No
+ + + 0 + 0 0 4 3 3 1 2 Yes 65
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Phase 5 Create
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Peg-leg Pylon Testing of weight bearing capacity began by attaching a tube with a rubber foot to the 3D-printed knee.
L-bracket Rig We constructed a rigid yet lightweight rig out of wood and shelving corner brackets.
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Adjacent Rig Create Hot Spot Side-to-side torsional stress applied to the connector piece between Knee and Rig
Handle Handle bar was added in attempt to resolve the issue of uneven stress to connector piece.
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Foot V2 Create The following issues were identified in the version 1 foot and resolved in version 2: * Single polycarbonate sheet flexes too much * Proportions were wrong, particularly height of pylon attachment * Ball heel did not offer substantial stability
V.2
V.1 70
Wood Block After further testing and examination, we still needed to resolve the issue of the foot rotating about the pylon.
To mitigate that problem, a wooden block was drilled, shaped, and fastened to be a pylon support. Then to add stability and reduce forwards/ backwards sway, the wood block was screwed down through the polycarbonate. 71
Socket Create
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Functional Prototype Create
Range of Motion Our functional prototype was scaled to fit one of our team members for the purposes of reallife testing. The range of motion of the knee closely replicates that of a real human leg, allowing the amputee user to participate in more common daily activities.
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Phase 6 Validate
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Rig V.3 Fitting Create
Modified Socket Rig After trial and error of our L-bracket rig and Adjacent Rig, we essentially combined the ideas of both methods into one super rig. The new V.3 rig has a cutout on the rear side of the socket to allow the tester to strap the leg on. It also allows the tester to put their weight directly through the entire leg.
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Phase 7 Model
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Socket Model
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Knee Model
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Foot Model
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