HAFKIN FORUM
HAFKIN Hafkin
Nancy J. Hafkin
In parallel with the two WSISs, there were also separate realities on gender issues at the Summit and the ICT4D Platform, which I will proceed to describe.
For anyone who attended the World Summit in Geneva, there were two WSISs, each with its own reality. The divide between the events was a divide between what happened ofªcially versus what happened unofªcially. On the ofªcial side was the Summit, with credentialed delegates from governments, the private sector, and civil society reading prepared speeches and “debate” (UN terminology for the series of speeches at a meeting on a topic is “general debate”) taking place in name only. Albeit hammered out in a long series of difªcult preparatory conferences, the Declaration of Principles and Plan of Action were agreed upon in their ªnal form before the Summit actually opened on December 10, 2003. Adjacent to the Summit, in the same Palexpo, an aircraft hangar of a building, was the ICT for Development Platform, organized by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and the Global Knowledge Partnership (GKP), open to anyone and attended by at least 13,000 participants. As far as most of those who attended WSIS were concerned, the Platform was where the action was. There was so much going on at the ICT for Development Platform that even a 436-page catalogue could not capture all of the events. There were exhibitions (the catalogue lists some 250 exhibitors, but there were others who signed up for booths after the catalogue was printed), and in the forum, 9 main streams of panel discussions, seminars, and workshops, and 70 one-off conferences, plus special events and entertainment. In addition there were numerous other events, happenings, workshops, and award ceremonies not listed in the catalogue. It became a major job of information management to try to attend and see even a small portion of what one was interested in.
Gender Involvement at WSIS Two major groups were involved in promoting awareness of the importance of gender considerations in ICT: the Gender Caucus and the NGO Strategies Gender Working Group. The WSIS Gender Caucus came into being in the course of an Africa regional preparatory meeting for WSIS held in Bamako, Mali in 2002, at the invitation of the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) to ensure that gender dimensions were included in WSIS. The WSIS Gender Caucus comprises women and men from national governments, civil society and nongovernmental organizations, the private sector, and the United Nations system. Well-ªnanced with technical cooperation grants from Finland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and UNIFEM, the Gender Caucus put on an impressive program at the WSIS ICT for Development Platform. The NGO Gender Strategies Working Group was formed at the ªrst WSIS PrepCom Meeting in Geneva in July 2002 as one of the subcommittees of the Civil Society Coordinating Group (CSCG). The organizations involved in this Group include the African Women’s Development and Communications Network (FEMNET), Agencia Latino Americana de Informacion, Association for Progressive Communication–Women’s Networking Support Programme, International Women’s Tribune Center, and Isis International–Manila. In contrast to the Gender Caucus, the NGO Strategies Working Group was largely selfªnanced. Although it mounted a modest program at the ICT4D Platform, the Working Group played an important role in getting gender issues adopted into the Summit’s two “outcome”1 documents, the Declaration of Principles and Plan of Action.2 The two, however, worked closely together throughout the preparatory process and the Summit
1. “Outcome” is in quotation marks because although the two documents are spotlighted as the products of the Summit, delegates worked long and hard almost up to the start of the Summit to hammer out the text that would be adopted by the Summit. 2. World Summit on the Information Society Geneva 2003–Tunis 2005. Declaration of Principles, Building the Information Society: a global challenge in the new Millennium. Document WSIS-03/GENEVA/DOC/4-E, 12 December 2003. Original: English, http://www.itu.int/dmspub/itu-s/md/03/wsis/doc/S03-WSIS/DOC-0004!!MSW-E.doc; World Summit on the Information Society Geneva 2003–Tunis 2005. Plan of Action. Document WSIS-03/GENEVA/DOC/5-E, 12 December 2003. Original: English. http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/md/03/wsis/doc/S03-WSIS-DOC-0005!!MSW-E.doc.
Volume 1, Number 3–4, Spring–Summer 2004
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