aRe YOU In gOoD ShaPe?

Hi! I am Mary. I am a nutritionist and I consider myself as a person in good shape. I eat healthy and I also exercise every day. Thanks to this, my body is a mirror of how fit I am!

whAT Do YoU ThInK?

How can you take good care of your body by following guidelines from a nutritionist? How does it affect your body?

whAT Is GoInG On ArOuNd YoU?

Habits are everyday actions that we perform with a certain frequency. Their effects can be enormous. Do you think you take good care of yourself?

whAT CAN YoU Do To hELp?

Reflect on your own habits and develop a proposal to improve them and make them healthier.

whERE DO NUTRIENTS COME FROM?

whAT dO yOu nEED TO kNow TO TAkE ACTIoN?

1 Nutrition and nutrients whAT IS NUTRITION AND whAT ARE NUTRIENTS?

Health and nutrition

2 Classification of food

3 whAT MAKES ThE AIR GO IN AND OUT whEN YOU BREAThE?

ARE SOME FOODS MORE IMPORTANT ThAN OThERS FOR A hEALThY DIET?

4 The food pyramid and the food wheel

5 The digestive system hOw CAN wE EAT A hEALThY DIET?

6 The respiratory system

7 The circulatory system hOw DOES ThE hUMAN BODY ELIMINATE wASTE?

8 The excretory system whY IS ThE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM SO IMPORTANT? hOw DOES BLOOD FLOw ThROUGh YOUR BODY? whAT IS NUTRITION AND whAT ARE NUTRIENTS? THINK

How does our body get energy?

Look, listen and read.

All living things need energy to live. When we eat something, our body transforms food into nutrients. They give us energy and help us to grow and repair damage in our body.

Carbohydrates give us energy. We should eat them every day.

Proteins give our body the nutrients it needs for growth and repair. maintain body temperature.

Obtaining nutrients from food and oxygen from the air we breathe.

The circulatory system

Heart

Veins and arteries

Vitamins and minerals are useful for preventing illness.

Processes in the vital function of nutrition

Transport of nutrients and oxygen to all cells to maintain their function.

Human body systems participating in nutrition

The excretory system

Kidneys

The digestive system

Water helps in the digestive and excretory system. It is essential.

Elimination of waste products and carbon dioxide.

The respiratory system

Lungs

Diaphragm

Mouth Salivary glands

Nasal cavity

Urethra

Ureters Bladder

Liver

Large intestine

Oesophagus

Stomach

Pancreas

Small intestine

2 a) Only human beings need energy to live. b) Water transports substances from one place to another, nutrients included. c) Our body transforms nutrients into food. d) Four human body systems participate in the process of nutrition.

Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. Correct the false ones.

3 Find the odd one out.

4 In groups of four. Play Bingo! Write six organs from the different systems used in nutrition in a 3×2 card. One member of the group will say one by one different organs. Say bingo when your card is completed!

1 In groups of three, draw the following scheme on a sheet of paper.

Step 1. Then, complete it using the elements.

Step 2. Finally, compare the result with a member of another team.

2 Do you like working in a team? How do you feel working in teams?

NOW I KNOW…

Four systems collaborate in obtaining and processing nutrients: the digestive, respiratory, circulatory and excretory systems.

Food

Food contains substances and nutrients necessary for the correct functioning of our organism.

Food can be composed of a single type of nutrient (oil is made up of fats) or of several types of nutrients (vegetables are made up of proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates and mineral salts).

Classification of food

According

• Energetic foods are those that contain mainly carbohydrates or fats (cereals, flour, pasta, bread, potatoes, sugar, oils or butter).

• Constructive foods are those that contain a lot of proteins (meat, fish, eggs, milk, legumes).

• Regulating foods are those that contain many vitamins, minerals or vegetable fiber. They help to the good functioning of our organism and to prevent illnesses. Fruits and vegetables are foods of this type.

According

• Group 1. Unprocessed or minimally processed food (milk, fish or meat).

• Group 2. Culinary ingredients used as a basis for cooking (pepper, oil or salt)

• Group 3. Processed ready-to-eat food. They are food from Group 1, to which salt or oils have been added. Cooked or fermented foods also belong to this group.

• Group 4. Ultra-processed food and beverages. They are produced using industrial processes and contain additives, sweeteners.

Learn more about the NOVA system and the food labels at anayaeducacion.es .

Look at the pictures and classify them according to their function.

Constructive food Energetic food

Regulating food

Your turn!

w ORKING AT A SUPERMARKET

1 You are helping in the organisation of this supermarket. What NOVA group is represented on each shelf?

Look at the following pictures and place them on the correct shelf.

2 What conclusion do you get by associating the amount of ingredients in each food with NOVA classification? Which food contains the most ingredients? And the least?

Eating food from Group 1 is the best option because…

NOW I KNOW…

There are many different types of food. Knowing them helps us to combine them in a healthy way!

ChECK whAT YOU LEARNED