CAN wE EAT A hEALThY DIET? THINK

Can a good nutrition be achieved by eating healthy food only once per week?

1 Look, listen and read.

• Diet is the set of food rations or portions that we consume on a regular basis.

• A portion is an approximate measure that refers to the amount of a certain food that we consume.

• It means eating food from all the principal food groups in the correct quantities. All the food groups perform specific functions for our bodies.

• It is adapted to the needs of each individual. These needs depend on several factors:

Special circumstances such as pregnancy, illnesses, etc.

Requirements for a balanced diet

• It must cover the needs of each individual.

• It must contain all types of nutrients in adequate amounts.

• It must contain varied foods of good quality and from group 1 NOVA.

• It mustn’t contain toxic or contaminant substance.

• It must favor social interaction and coexistence around eating activity.

• It must be economically viable and sustainable.

3 a) A diet is the amount of nutrients food has. b) A balanced diet happens when we eat only small portions of food. c) A balanced diet is adapted to each person. d) The needs of each person vary depending on factors such as age, height or weight.

Read the sentences and decide if they are true or false. Correct the false ones.

Say the portions of the different food you ate for dinner last night.

What portions of food did you eat in your last dinner?

Your turn!

BEING A NUTRITIONIST!

Let me think… A glass of water, a piece of fruit…

1 Read Mary’s description and answer the questions. Do you agree with her?

Hi! I’m Mary and I am a nutritionist. A nutritionist is a health professional specialised in nutrition, food and human dietetics. I design diets suitable for all kinds of people. Many people think that a diet is a particular combination of food to lose weight. This is not true! A diet is what we eat every day, so we all follow a diet!

2 What do you know about the Mediterranean diet? Look up information on the web about it and say what it consists of and why it is so important.

3 Ask your partner about their diet and exercise. What habits must or mustn’t they change?

For lunch I take...

You must / mustn’t eat fats because…

NOW I KNOW…

A good diet is a very powerful way to take care of our bodies.

The food pyramid and food wheel

ARE SOME FOODS MORE IMPORTANT ThAN OThERS FOR A hEALThY DIET? THINK

Why are the food pyramid and food wheel so important?

Look, listen and read.

There are many ways to graphically represent the recommendations for following a healthy lifestyle.

To know more about healthy diets, visit ‘I’ll tell you in a moment’ at anayaeducacion.es .

This triangular graph represents the healthy behaviors and types of food.

We can only eat food with a lot of fat or sugar occasionally and in small amounts.

We must eat food rich in proteins several times per week.

We must eat food rich in vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates every day.

It is a pie chart representing food that we must include in our daily diet and the adequate proportions.

It includes cereals and their derivatives (bread, pasta, potatoes), which are foods rich in carbohydrates.

It includes fresh fruits, food which is rich in minerals and vitamins.

It includes oils and fats, foods which are rich in energy.

It includes meats and fish, eggs, legumes and nuts. They are foods rich in proteins.

It includes milk, cheese and its derivatives. They are foods rich in protein.

It includes fruits and vegetables, which are rich in mineral salts and vitamins.

Read the labels and match them to the correct pictures.

3 In pairs, compare the food pyramid and the food wheel. What information does each of these charts give us? What do they have in common?

Your turn!

Designing A Menu

1 In groups of four, find information about a specific group of nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, or minerals and vitamins). Then, prepare answer for the following questions.

What food are rich in…?

Why is eating … relevant?

What happens if we don’t eat…?

2 Design a healthy menu for one school day. It must include a starter, a main course and a dessert.

3 When you work in a team, do you ask for help?

NOW I KNOW…

There are simple recommendations for an adequate diet. However, each person may have different needs.

ChECK whAT YOU LEARNED

whY IS ThE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM SO IMPORTANT? THINK

How does our body go through the process of digestion?

Look, listen and read.

Digestion is the process that transforms food into nutrients to be absorbed and passed into the blood. The undigested matter is eliminated.

Teeth grind food and the mouth produces saliva that breaks food down more. The tongue mixes food and saliva and forms a bolus.

The stomach produces gastric juices. They continue to mix the bolus to form a liquid called chyme.

Tips For A Healthy Digestive System

Nutrients obtained from digestion pass into blood through the walls of the small intestine, a process called absorption.

• Eat a balanced diet.

• Eat fruits and vegetables every day.

• Eat slowly, chewing well.

• Have four or five meals daily.

The large intestine absorbs water, mineral salts and vitamins. The residues, called faeces, are expelled through the anus.

• Moderate the consumption of salt, spicy sauces and coffee.

• Wash our hands before and after eating.

• Maintain a good dental hygiene.

Order the following concepts in the process of digestion.

faeces stomach pharynx small intestine anus mouth

3 In pairs describe the process of an apple from mouth to its expulsion.

First, the apple enters into your mouth…

Secondly, your tongue mixes…

DENTAL h YGIENE

1 What do you know about ‘Dental hygiene’ and about your teeth?

Brushing your teeth properly

How to prevent caries?

Types of teeth

Food and drinks

2 Imagine you want to brush your teeth. Write down, step by step, all the actions you need to carry out from the moment you are on the sofa until you finish.

Then, go to anayaeducacion.es and watch ‘Dental hygiene step by step’ and check if you are carrying out the cleaning properly.

3 In pairs, think about questions to make a survey about the dental hygiene in your classroom. Then, ask your classmates and analyse the results. Is there good dental hygiene?

NOW I KNOW…

1. How often do you brush your teeth?

a) Never.

b) Once per day.

c) Twice per day.

2. How often do you drink sugar drinks?

a) Never.

b) With every meal.

c) Only on weekends.

Digestion is a very complex process and it is very relevant to your nutrition. Daily and healthy habits, such as dental hygiene, are essential for having a good digestive system.

ChECK whAT YOU LEARNED

whAT MAKES ThE AIR GO IN AND OUT whEN YOU BREAThE? THINK

How important is the way we breathe?

1 Look, listen and read.

Our body uses oxygen to convert nutrients into energy. The respiratory system allows us to take oxygen we need and it eliminates carbon dioxide.

The diaphragm contracts and moves down. This makes the lungs bigger and the air moves from the mouth and nose to the lungs through the larynx and windpipe.

When we inhale, oxygen passes from the alveoli into the blood, and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli.

TIPS FOR A HEALTHY RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Always breathe through the nose.

• Exercise every day to improve lung capacity.

• Avoid polluted environments.

The diaphragm relaxes and rises, compressing the lungs, which expel air to the outside.

• Cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough.

• Use scarves in winter so that the air doesn’t get too cold.

• Avoid tobacco smoke. Smoking is the worst habit for the respiratory system.

Learn more about the respiratory system at anayaeducacion.es

2 a) In the lungs. b) In the windpipe. c) In the diaphragm. d) In the mouth.

Where does the gas exchange take place?

3 Martha exhales when she does yoga. Does her breathe contain more carbon dioxide than the air she inhales? Justify your answer.

4 Your classmate will tell you an organ of the respiratory system. Explain its importance to him/her.

Lungs.

They are useful because…

Your turn!

A BAD h ABIT

1 Let’s learn about the harm caused by smoking and organise a campaign to convince people that they mustn’t take up this habit.

Step 1. Watch the resource ‘Tobacco, a risk for your health’ at anayaeducacion.es

Step 2. Can you mention two disadvantages?

Step 3. Prepare a pamphlet to share with your school. Include clear information and photographs.

NOW I KNOW…

The respiratory system allows us to obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide every second of our lives.