Industrial Materials & Processes tarun gupta Design Tarun Gupta
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Chapter 1: Critical analysis of a product
Product: Colony Armchair Designer: Skrivo Manufacturer: Miniforms
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Miniforms is a family company established by Luigi Bardini in Italy in the seventies. The company is now owned and run by his three sons, Alessandro, Matteo and Mario, who are now investing in avant-garde production and collaborating with new international design talents. The collection continues the philosophy of creating high quality products from intense research in clean and primary forms and colours. MINIFORMS SRL, VIA CA' CORNER NORD, 4, 30020 MEOLO (VE), ITALY PH. +39 0421.618255 INFO@MINIFORMS.COM
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Skrivo is a Milan based design consultancy that specialises in industrial design across furniture and lighting sectors working with manufacturers across Europe. The projects always try to be conscious of the available manufacturing methods while taking into special consideration material research in order to create products that attain a balance between function and aesthetics.
Halo Armchair
It is founded by the Croatian/Irish product designer Krivokapic. Stefan’s multicultural background has always guided him to take bits and pieces of different cultural habits, history, values, materials, and processes in order to create interesting and innovative products. At the heart of every project is the idea of starting from a material, function or technology in order to arrive at stimulating and timeless solutions. Since 2012, the consultancy has had the opportunity to design furniture, lighting, and product ranges for a number of international brands such as Sancal Diseño, La Cividina, Softline A/S, Miniforms, Opinion Ciatti, Contempo Italia & Potocco. SKRIVO, CORSO SAN GOTTARDO 11, MILANO, ITALIA 20136 PH. +39 3466879355 INFO@SKRIVO.COM Slope lamp
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COLONY ‘Colony’, is an open cane armchair developed for the italian brand, Miniforms. featuring a steam bent beach frame and open cane structure, the piece balances the past and present with its use of traditional materials translated in a contemporary way. a series of upholstered cushions complement the seat, adding additional comfort. The angular structure enhances its sense of contrast to typical cane furniture, which is further increased by its bright frames. available in natural wood or painted in a variety of colors, it is functional, sustainable, resistant and lightweight. On the left: views and details of the armchair Bottom: Colony armchair seen with other furniture pieces from Miniforms
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Side
Front Back
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Detail of the wooden frame Details of the Armchair.
Support details
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TECHNICAL DATA SHEET
COLONY Poltroncina/Armchair Design Skrivo Finiture struttura Structure Finishes 111
116
115
110
16
17
18
19
29
98
99
100
101
102
103 4
1044
105
106
107
115
92
934
94
95
96
97
Finiture gambe Legs Finishes
Finiture Cuscini Wings Finishes
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Ìäðòøĥäêè 113
Bubble
Loop
Abstract
WOOD: 5.Ïäêêìò¦Ëèèæë 3.Noce Canaletto/Canaletto Walnut COLOR: 6.Bianco/White 17.Grigio Seta/ Silk Gray 18.Grigio Polvere/Dusty Gray 19.Nero/Black 29.Blu intenso/Intense Blue 30.Blu Pastello/Pastel blue 35.Bronzè STRAW 111.Paglia di Vienna con struttura in faggio/Vienna straw with beech structure 116.Paglia di Vienna con struttura in Noce Canaletto/Vienna straw with Canaletto Walnut structure 110. Paglia di Vienna blu intenso/Intense blue Vienna straw 115.Paglia di Vienna nero/Black Vienna straw CAMOUFLAGE 113. BUBBLE 98.Blu intenso/Intense blue 99.Grigio/Gray 100.Nero/Black 101.Rosa/ Pink 102.Azzurro/Light blue LOOP 103. Tortora/Dove gray 104.Rosso Bordeaux/Red Bordeaux 105. Grigio Piombo/Lead gray 106. Giallo/Yellow 107.Blu Notte/Midnight blue 115.Rosso/Red ABSTRACT 92.Ðõìêìò Ïäñêò¦Ðõäü ðøç 93.Tempesta/Storm 94.Lago/Lake 95.Grigio/Gray 96.Grigio piombo/Lead gray 97.Giallo/Yellow
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Dimensioni Dimensions
38
60
10
79
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Steam Bent wood
CNC machined wood Open webbed Cane
Bent metal
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Steam bent wood
A prototype of the chair being constructed at the Skrivo studio.
3. The wood is removed from the chamber and immediately moved to be formed.
1. The timber is sawn Into lengths and profiled on a lathe in preparation for bending
The timer is swan into approximate lengths
2. The profiled parts are submerged in a bath of softened water at 60o C for 24 hours. Then they are steamed at 104o C in a pressure chamber (at 0.6 bars/8.7 Ps’) for 1~8 hours (depending on the size of timber).
4. The wood is bent and held under tension with the help of clamps.
A Steam pressure chamber
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Wood being removed from a steam chamber
Steamed wood being formed.
A cross-section of the steam pressure chamber
Diagram 1
Diagram 2
The bending process of the weed.
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CNC Machining
A CNC wood router is a CNC router tool that creates objects from wood. CNC stands for computer numerical control. The CNC works on the Cartesian coordinate system (X, Y, Z) for 3D motion control. Parts of a project can be designed in the computer with a CAD/CAM program, and then cut automatically using a router or other cutters to produce a finished part.
Wood is placed on a platform above which the drill moves on 3-axis drilling the wood.
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A CNC machined prototype being measured at the Skrivo design studio.
The drill bit can be changed to have various cuts and grooves according to the design.
The drill head is a unit that moves over the wood.
The finished piece can be removed from the platform.
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Tube & section Bending
There are 2 main types of tube and section bending, which are mandrel bending and ring rolling. The supports of the Colony armchair use a Mandrel bending process.
A bent metal tube forming the legs of the prototype.
1.
2.
1. The steel tube, or blank, is carefully cleaned and polished prior to forming, because it is much more easily done at this stage. 2. The blank is loaded by hand over the mandrel and into the pressure clamps. 16
3. The CNC machine aligns the tube and the bending sequence begins.The first bend is made at the start point.
4. From there, the blank is extended and twisted to the second bend point and so on.
5. Various types of bend that can be obtained from a mandrel bending machine.
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Bamboo weaving
Cane weave.This is the most popular method of caning, based on the traditional 7-step manual technique to form an octagonal pattern.
A finished bamboo weave mesh fit into the steam bent wooden frame.
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Pre-woven sheets of cane are cut into strips and soaked for atleast 35 minutes. This is to ensure that it is sufficiently pliable to be formed.
The cane is hammered into the groove using a specially shaped tool
A spline of cane is then pressed into the groove to secure the weave. They are both locked in place with adhesive.
The assembly is placed into a warm press, which applies even pressure
A close-up of the Coloy armchair.
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Chapter 2:
Innovative Production Method Process: Shrink-Fitting Designer: Paul Cocksedge
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PAUL COCKSEDGE STUDIO Paul Cocksedge Studio was founded in 2004 by Paul Cocksedge and Joana Pinho. With a strong and dedicated team of collaborators, the Studio has won national and international acclaim for its original and innovative design, underpinned by research into the limits of technology, materials and manufacturing processes. The key feature of the Studio’s work, in everything from product design to architectural projects, is a focus on simplicity and imagination in order to create unique people-centred designs. At the core of this focus lies an unrelenting attention to detail, a willingness to question previous assumptions about design, and an eagerness to take on a wide-ranging array of projects. The Studio works on projects across the world, dealing with a variety of different objectives, budgets and regulations. Adaptability is at the heart of every project we take on, large or small. Through effective planning and close collaboration with clients and stakeholders, we bring a high level of expertise to every part of the design process. The Studio’s work includes KISS for City of Milan, the Living Staircase for Ampersand in London, Paul Cocksedge’s recent acclaimed solo exhibition at the Friedman Benda Gallery in New York, as well as the launch of The Vamp®, which connects speakers with our new wireless technologies.
Change the Record by Paul Cocksedge
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Past Projects
Palette, 2014 Commissioned by London Design Festival for GREAT Festival of Creativity
Bourrasque, 2011 City Council of Lyon, France
Change the Record 2011
White Light, 2013 For Friedman Benda Gallery, New York
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FREEZE Collection Cocksedge utilised temperatures well below freezing to create a seamless bond between two metals that otherwise do not adhere. Liquid nitrogen causes metal to contract by one-2000th of a millimetre. As the metal returns to room temperature and expands to its natural dimensions, the components then remain bonded, eschewing the need for bolts, screws, or other fasteners. “What's really exciting is that we’ve fused materials that in normal circumstances you cannot bring together”, enthuses the designer, whose fascination with testing materials and desire to make projects difficult for himself are things he shares with Ron Arad. Indeed, Cocksedge studied under the Israeli luminary at the Royal College of Art, gaining an MA in Product Design. Freeze Ring Table
Freeze Multi Circle Table
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Freeze Bench
FreezeRhythm Shelf
Shrink - Fitting Shrink-fitting is a technique in which an interference fit is achieved by a relative size change after assembly. This is usually achieved by heating or cooling one component before assembly and allowing it to return to the ambient temperature after assembly, employing the phenomenon of thermal expansion to make a joint. For example, the thermal expansion of a piece of a metallic drainpipe allows a builder to fit the cooler piece to it. As the adjoined pieces reach the same temperature, the joint becomes strained and stronger.
Process
1. A metal piece is frozen to shrink their size. 2. The frozen piece is placed inside another metal with marginal room for a fit. 3. The metals are held in position until the frozen metal reaches room temperature. 4. The metal expands and tightens, forming a strong weld without the use of any chemical reaction. ADVANTAGES. 1. Without welding. 2. Freezing is cheaper than energy-intensive welding 3. Precise fitting. 4. Possible to fuse different materials together, which otherwise would require expensive processing. 5. No visible seams DISADVANTAGES 1. Extremely high precision in the engineering and calculations required. 2. Time consuming. 3. Low margion for error.
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The metal cylinder is precisely computer machined to the right size.
The cylinder is being placed into the precise hole to create the table.
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Liquid nitrogen is poured over the cylinder to freeze it.
Latheing the excess metal away to give it a uniform surface.
Alternative menthods of freezing are natural immersion of the metal in snow for over 8 hours.
The table is given a polyutherane coating to give it a glossy effect and protect the metal.
Outer Cylinder (Room temperature)
Outer Cylinder (Cooled)
An animated view of how shrink fitting works.
Concentric rings of the Ring Table explained.
This enables us to combine metals that usually can't be joined together. Coppers, brasses, stainless steels, bronzes – you can't take these to a metal workshop and say, "can you weld these things together?" because they aren't possible. But this technique allows that. -Paul Cocksedge
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Multi Circle Table under process.
A close-up of a frozen metal being inserted into one of the pre drilled holes in the carbon steel frame.
The Multi-Ring Table being lifted to place the central cylinder.
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Putting the pieces together.
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