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bvd b`xi Icv‡i

1

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

bvd b`xi Icv‡i †ivwn½v RvwZi AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨r Avmv` cvi‡fR

1

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

bvd b`xi Icv‡i †ivwn½v RvwZi AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨r Avmv` cvi‡fR

MvwW©qvb cvewj‡KkÝ 34, b_©eªæK nj †ivW, (2q Zjv) evsjvevRvi, XvKvÑ 1100|  01710-197558, 01998-584958 02-57165517 guardianpubs@gmail.com www.guardianpubs.com

AbjvBb cwi‡ekK www.rokomari.com www.boibajar.com

cÖ_g cÖKvk : 06 †g, 2018 MÖš’¯^Z¡ : †jLK kã web¨vm : †gv. Rwniæj Bmjvg cÖ”Q` : isZzwj wgwWqv gy`ªY : †gv. Avwgbyj Bmjvg nvW©Kfvi g~j¨ : 300.00 †ccvie¨vK g~j¨ : 270.00 ISBN : 978-984-8254-13-4 Naaf Nodir Opare by Asad Parvez, Published by Guardian Publication, Price Tk. 300 (HC)/Tk. 270 (PB) Only.

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bvd b`xi Icv‡i

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cÖKvk‡Ki K_v bvd b`xi Icv‡i Pj‡Q GK wbôzi ee©iZv| mvgwiK RvšÍv wbqwš¿Z As mvb mywPÕi Z_vKw_Z wbev©wPZ miKvi AvivKv‡b †Kqvg‡Zi Av‡MB †hb bvwg‡q‡Q Av‡iK †KqvgZ| G †hb i³wccvmy‡`i i‡³vrme| GUv AvivKv‡bi gymwjg RvwZmËv‡K wbg~©‡ji cwiKwíZ MYnZ¨v| wkï‡`i nZ¨v K‡i ey‡bv Djøv‡m †g‡Z DV‡Q †eŠ×‡`i mš¿vmev`x `j| wbi¯¿ hyeK‡`i a‡i a‡i wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv n‡”Q| bvix‡`i MYal©‡Yi ci nZ¨v Kiv n‡”Q| jv‡Lv ewb Av`g Rb¥f‚wg †Q‡o evsjv‡`‡k G‡m gvb‡eZi Rxebhvcb Ki‡Q| GKzk kZ‡Ki c„w_ex‡Z Ggb GK bviKxq ZvÐe †`‡L fve‡Z nq, c„w_exi eqm evo‡Q; cvjøv w`‡q cvkweKZvI †e‡o Pj‡Q| †Kv‡bv wKQz‡ZB _vg‡Q bv ee©i ewg©R evwnbx| i³ b`x‡Z †Mvmj K‡iI Zv‡`i i³ wccvmv wg‡Uwb| wek^evmxi mKj Aby‡iva-Av‡e`b D‡cÿv K‡i Zviv GB i³‡Ljv Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q| wkÿvq AbMÖmi †ivwn½v RvwZ Zv‡`i Dci Pjgvb µ¨vKWvD‡bi GKv‡WwgK WKz‡g›Um ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, A`~i fwel¨‡Z cvi‡e e‡jI g‡b nq bv| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ‡ekx GB gRjyg gvbyl‡`i Dci Pjv BwZnv‡mi wbôzi wbh©vZ‡bi †iKW© msiÿY Kiv Avgv‡`i ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡| g~jZ †mB `vq †_‡KB ZiæY †jLK Avmv` cvi‡fR wj‡L‡Qb Ôbvd b`xi Icv‡i: †ivwn½v RvwZi AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨rÕ MÖš’| AvR †_‡K 500 eQi c‡ii cÖRb¥I †hb eBwU c‡o eyS‡Z cv‡i GKzk kZ‡Ki ïiæi w`‡K Kxfv‡e †ivwn½v‡`i wbg©~‡ji N„Y¨ ZrciZv Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GKB mv‡_ eZ©gvb cÖR‡b¥iI †ivwn½v‡`i AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨r wb‡q mg¨K Ávb _vKvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe KiwQ| eBwU †ivwn½v‡`i Rvb‡Z GKUv c~Y© c¨v‡KR wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e e‡j Avvgv‡`i wek¦vm| m¤§vwbZ †jLK Avmv` cvi‡fR fvB eBwU wjL‡Z A‡bK cwikÖg K‡i‡Qb| †ivwn½v K¨v‡¤ú Ny‡i Ny‡i Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb, †ivwn½v †bZ…e„‡›`i mv‡_ mvÿvZ K‡i‡Qb, †`wk-we‡`wk Rvb©vj I eB c‡o‡Qb| Avgiv †jL‡Ki cÖwZ K…ZÁZv cÖKvk KiwQ| AvivKv‡bi gRjyg‡`i gyw³ wbwðZ †nvK, GB cÖZ¨vkvq... b~i †gvnv¤§v` Avey Zv‡ni 06 †g, 2018 evsjvevRvi, XvKv|

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

4

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bvd b`xi Icv‡i

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c„w_exi gvbe mgvR hLb AÜKv‡i w`‡knviv †m mgq 570 mv‡j Rb¥ †bqv gnvgvbe bwe gynv¤§` (mv.) 610 m‡b Avi‡ei ey‡K GK mªóvev`x gnvb Avjøvni cvVv‡bv c‡_i K_v cÖPvi ïiæ K‡ib| †h c_ †m mgqKvi AÜKvi `~i K‡i c„w_ex‡K K‡iwQj Av‡jvwKZ| †m c‡_i Abymvix‡`i mv‡_ c„w_exi AmsL¨ ag©wek¦vmx Avw¯ÍK I bvw¯ÍK Rb‡Mvôxi emev‡m ü`ªZv wQj| Zvi KviY wQj gymjgvb‡`i wewRZ mg‡qi mgi kw³ wKš‘ AvR hLb gymjgvb GB Rb‡Mvôxi mgikw³ n«vm cvq ZLbB c„w_exi ey‡K gvbem„ó Aciva MÖvm Ki‡Z _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K| BivK †_‡K AvdMvwb¯Ívb, Kvk¥xi †_‡K wdwjw¯Íb emwbqv-†PPwbqv †_‡K AvivKvb me©Î Zviv-AvR wbh©vwZZ| Avgvi GB eBwUi cÖwZcv`¨ welq gymwjg Rb‡Mvôxi BwZnvm| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ gvbevwaKvi GK Av‡jvwPZ welq| GwU GLb †køvMvbB bq, GK Av`©wkK gZev`I | c„w_exi Kvh©µ‡g ivR‰bwZK gZv`‡k©i †P‡q A‡bK †ewk kw³kvjx Gi Av‡e`b| GK †kÖwYi gvby‡li gy‡L Gi RqMvb Pj‡QB, wKš‘ gvby‡li Ici gvby‡li wbcxob-wbh©vZb I AwePvi †Kv‡bvµ‡gB eÜ bv n‡q †e‡o Pj‡Q| nvRvi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm mg„× RvwZ AvivKvwbiv| Zv‡`iB RvwZ‡Mvôxi RbMY 610 mb cieZx© mg‡q mZ¨ ag© Bmjv‡gi cÖPvwiZ Avnev‡b GB a‡g©i Abymvix nq| AZtci nvRvi eQ‡ii AwaK mgq a‡i gymjgvbiv AvivKv‡b emevm K‡i Avm‡Q| 1784 m‡bi wW‡m¤^i 31 Zvwi‡L evg©vi ivRv KZ©„K ¯^vaxbZv Le© cieZx© Zv‡`i Rxeb †_‡K myL bv‡gi AwPb cvwL nvwi‡q hvq| AZtci 1824 m‡b weªwUk KZ©„K Rxe‡bi be niY cieZx© 1948 m‡b AveviI evg©vi Aaxb ¯^vaxbZv fzjwÉZ| GiB cieZ©x mg‡q Rxeb n‡q D‡V Zv‡`i GK AwMœKzÐ| evg©vi mvgwiK I †emvgwiK cÖwZwU miKviB Zv‡`i Ici bZzb K‡i ïiæ K‡i wbh©vZb| †mB wbh©vZb Kvjµ‡g Pj‡Z _v‡KÑ1958, Ô78, Ô92, 2012, Ô16 I Ô17 mv‡j| Avi G‡Z m„wó nq gvbem„ó `ywf©ÿ| Rxeb euvPv‡Z wbh©vwZZ GB gvbyl¸‡jv kiYv_©x n‡q cvwo Rgvq evsjv‡`kmn c„w_exi eû †`‡k| 2018 m‡b G‡m ïay evsjv‡`‡k Zv‡`i msL¨v cÖvq mv‡o ev‡iv jÿ| Zvgvg c„w_ex AvR GB Rb‡Mvôx‡K c„w_exi mePvB‡Z wbh©vwZZ Rb‡Mvôx wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Ki‡Q| GiciI Avgv‡`i gvbeZvi †PvL Nywg‡q Av‡Q| Avgiv `wÿY Avwd«Kvi

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

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Kv‡jv gvbyl‡`i Ici AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZb wb‡q hZUv †f‡ewQ, Zvi †P‡q Kg kw¼Z n‡qwQ AvivKv‡bi gymwjg wbab wb‡q| welqUv n‡jv-wVK †hb wbR N‡ii Kv‡Ri †jvKwU‡K Ae‡njv K‡i A‡b¨i N‡ii eD‡qi AwaKvi cÖwZôvi g‡Zv e¨vcvi| Avgiv Pxb I ivwkqvi KwgDwbRg wb‡q fvebvq _vwK| Avgiv Av‡gwiKv I BD‡iv‡ci MYZ‡š¿i K_v †f‡e Avb›` cvB| Avevi ga¨cÖv‡P¨i ivRZ‡š¿i ¸YKxZ©b Kwi wKš‘ Avgv‡`i nv‡Z mgq †bq cvk¦eZx© †`‡ki fvM¨nZ Rb‡Mvôxi K_v fveevi| mwZ¨Kviv‡_©© gvbevwaKvi wb‡q GZ †ewk ivRbxwZ, K‚UbxwZ I e¨emvbxwZ K‡i AvR Avgiv gvbevwaKvi‡KB wecbœ K‡i Zz‡jwQ| c„w_exi cÖvq me †`‡ki mxgv‡šÍ GKB Rb‡Mvôx‡K mxgv‡šÍi `ycv‡o emevm Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| wKš‘ Gi A_© GB bq †h, Zviv GK †`‡ki bvMwiK| fviZ A‡j hviv bvMv Zviv wKš‘ wgqvbgv‡i KvwPb| fvi‡Z hviv wg‡Rv bv‡g cwiwPZ, wgqvbgv‡i GKB Rb‡Mvôx mxb RvwZ bv‡g cwiwPZ| wgqvbgv‡i kvb RvwZi GK Ask _vB mxgv‡šÍi Af¨šÍ‡i _vB RvwZ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| BwZnv‡m gM bv‡g cwiwPZ Rb‡Mvôx AvivKv‡b ivLvBb bv‡g cwiwPZ, hv‡`i A‡b‡KB evsjv‡`‡k gvigv bv‡g cwiwPZ| Zvn‡j evsjv fvlvfvlx †jvK †Kb AvivKv‡b _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv| †ivwn½v Rb‡Mvôx †Kv‡bvµ‡gB evsjv fvlvq K_v e‡j bv| Zv‡`i wbR¯^ fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ i‡q‡Q| †Kej wb‡R‡`i X‡Oi D”Pvi‡Yi mv‡_ PÆMÖv‡gi fvlvi wgj i‡q‡Q| evg©v miKvi †hfv‡e †ivwn½v Rb‡Mvôx‡K AvivKvb †_‡K wbwðý Kivi cÖqv‡m cwiKwíZ AZ¨vPvi I wbabhÁ Pvjv‡”Q, Zvi cÖwZev` bv K‡i Avgiv hw` welqwU‡K Zv‡`i Af¨šÍixY e¨vcvi e‡j Pvwj‡q w`B| Zvn‡j fwel¨‡Z AvivKv‡b Avi †Kv‡bv †ivwn½v gymwjg Rb‡Mvôxi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _vK‡e bv| gvbem„ó GB wekvj kiYv_©x‡`i AwaKvi wb‡q K_v †KD bv †KD ej‡ZB n‡e| kiYv_©x‡`i cÖZ¨vevm‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq †h †`‡k AvkÖq †bq †m‡`k‡K| Aek¨B AvšÍR©vwZK msMVb¸‡jvi `vq`vwqZ¡I AwaK nv‡i _v‡K| Kviv †ivwn½v Ges †Kb GB mgm¨v? wgqvbgv‡ii mvgwiK miKv‡ii bqv bvMwiKZ¡ AvBb Øviv †ivwn½v gymjgvb‡`i AwaKvimg~n ev‡RqvßKiY, f‚m¤úwËi AwaKvi Z_v †gŠwjK mKj AwaKvi †K‡o wb‡q Zv‡`i Ki‡Q kiYv_©x| Zv‡`i‡K GZ †ewk wbcxob I wbh©vZb Z_vwc wbab Ki‡Q, hv‡Z Zviv eva¨ n‡”Q †`kZ¨vM Ki‡Z|

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

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GB Rb‡Mvôxi AZxZ I eZ©gvb BwZnvm I wbh©vwZZ Rxeb wb‡q AbymÜvb Ki‡Z †b‡g †hme Z_¨ †c‡qwQ| ZvB wjwce‡×i KviY n‡q‡Q GB eB‡Z| eBwUi M‡elYv Kv‡R hviv Avgv‡K LyeB g~j¨evb mgq I †gav w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i cÖwZ Avwg †gav F‡Y K…ZÁ| G mg‡q gvbwmK w`K †_‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ Avgvi cÖvY wcÖq bvwZ †gv. Avweimn cwiev‡ii cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨‡K ü`‡qi AšÍ¯’j †_‡K ¯§iY KiwQ| Zv Qvov eBwU RbM‡Yi covi Dc‡hvMx K‡i cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ MvwW©qvb cvewj‡Kk-Gi cÖwZ Avwg K…ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ| we‡kl K‡i ¯§iY KiwQ Avgvi gv-evev‡K| hv‡`i AK¬všÍ cwikÖg I †`vqvi wewbg‡q Avjøvn Zvqvjv Avgv‡K AvR‡Ki RvqMvq G‡b‡Qb| GB eB †_‡K Avwg †jL‡Ki AwR©Z Av‡qi GKwU Ask myiæR wgqv dvD‡Ûk‡bi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri Kv‡R e¨q Kie| BbkvAvjøvn

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

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f‚wgKv evsjv‡`‡ki `wÿY-c~‡e© Aew¯’Z evg©v iv‡óªi AvivKvb cÖ‡`k| hw` 2017 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡mi ci ci wech©¯Í †ivwn½v gvbyl¸‡jv cvwbi ev‡bi g‡Zv evsjv‡`‡k bv AvmZ, Zvn‡j Avgiv KZUzKzev AvivKv‡bi (eZ©gvb ivLvBb) †ivwn½v‡`i m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbfv‡e RvbZvg? wgqvbgv‡ii mvgwiK evwnbx AvivKvb cÖ‡`‡k †h MYnZ¨v Ges RvwZMZ wbab cÖwµqv Pvjv‡”Q †mUv mycwiKwíZ Ges D‡Ïk¨ cÖ‡Yvw`Z| Giƒc wbK…ó Kvh©Kjvc wgqvbgvi miKvi AZx‡ZI K‡i‡Q Ges †ivwn½v Rb‡Mvôx evsjv‡`‡k AZx‡Z G‡m‡Q| wKš‘ AZx‡Z GB NUbv¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki m‡PZb bvMwiK mgv‡Ri `„wó‡Z cvKv‡cv³ nqwb| AZx‡Zi Zzjbvq eZ©gv‡b Z_¨ cÖevn A‡bK †ewk †Rvi`vi Ges myMwVZ| evsjv‡`‡ki wgwWqv Z_v MYgva¨g, mgKvjxb wech©¯Í †ivwn½v cÖm‡½ †Rviv‡jv f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Q| wKš‘ ˆ`wbK cwÎKv, †Uwjwfk‡bi msev` I msev` fvl¨ A_ev AbjvBb cwÎKvq cwi‡ekb¸‡jv Pjgvb I AcwmªqgvY| ZvB m‡PZb bvMwiK mgv‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb GKwU mg„× m~Î, †hUv nv‡Zi Kv‡Q me mgq _vK‡e| GLv‡bB GKwU gyw`ªZ eB‡qi DcKvwiZv| Ôbvd b`xi Icv‡iÕ bv‡gi eBwU- GB gyn~‡Z© Ges fwel¨‡Z †ivwn½v wech©q cÖm‡½ †h AvMÖnx I ÿzavZ© g‡bi Pvwn`v wgUv‡e| †jLK Avmv` cvi‡fR eq‡m ZiæY| Zvi‡Y¨i myweav¸‡jv Z_v Adventage wZwb cy‡ivcywi †fvM K‡ib| AbymwÜrmy gb, kvixwiK cwikÖ‡gi mvg_©¨, wKQz GKUv Kivi AvMÖn Zvi g‡a¨ cyivB we`¨gvb| Zvi †jLv eB c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi ey‡K BRivBj I evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbvq cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Avgiv evsjv‡`wk ev½vwj B‡Zvg‡a¨B cvVK wcÖqZv †c‡q‡Q| GB mvdj¨ Avmv` cvi‡fR‡K AbycvÖ wYZ K‡i‡Q †ivwn½v‡`i wb‡q GB eBwU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z| Avgvi `„p wek^vm GB eBwUI cvVK wcÖq Ges DcKvix n‡e| Avwg wb‡R †h‡nZz welqwU‡Z AvMÖnx, †m‡nZz GB eBwUi cÖwZ Avgvi AvMÖn Av‡Q| Avk^¯Í n‡qB Avwg Lywkg‡b GB f‚wgKvwU wjLjvg| ˆmq` gynv¤§` Beivwng, exi cÖZxK †gRi †Rbv‡ij (Ae.)

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

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bvd b`xi Icv‡i

17

AvivKv‡bi cwiwPwZ eZ©gv‡bi AvivKvb AÂjwU 1784 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡mi 31 Zvwi‡L ZrKvjxb ewg©ivR (eªþivR) †evacvqv (1782-1811 wLª.1 wKsev 1782-1819wLª.1*) hy× R‡qi gva¨‡g wbR evûe‡j Ki`iv‡R¨ wb‡q Av‡mb| ewg©ivR †evacvqv mk¯¿ Avµg‡Yi gva¨‡g AvivKv‡bi †kl ivRv _vgvWv‡K civwRZ I wbnZ K‡i AvivKvb‡K evg©vi AšÍfz©³ Kivi ci †_‡K A`¨vewa †mLvbKvi cÖ‡`k wn‡m‡e i‡q‡Q|1** HwZnvwmK G.wc. †dqvi AvivKv‡bi HwZn¨evnx I cÖvPxb ivRv‡`i HwZnvwmK BwZKvwnwb gnviv‡Rvqvs (Maha Rajaweng) Aej¤^‡b cÖvPxb AvivKv‡bi ivR`iev‡ii wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ gviæ eskxq cÖ_g ivRvi wmsnvm‡b emvi †h mgq¶Y D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb2| †m mgq‡K wfwË wn‡m‡e a‡i ejv hvq †h, wLªóc~e© 2666 Aã †_‡K 1784 wLªóv‡ãi 31 wW‡m¤^i ch©šÍ cÖvq Pvi nvRvi Pvi kZ cÂvk eQi bqbvwfivg †mŠ›`h©gwÐZ Aciƒc ˆbmwM©K †kvfvi AvivKvb AÂjwU HwZn¨MZfv‡e ¯^vaxbmËv, wbR¯^ KvjRqx ms¯‹…wZ, mgvRe× Rxeb I ivR‰bwZK †cÖ¶vcU Ges eû ag©xq RvZcv‡Zi gvbyl wb‡q wbwiwewj myLx I kw³kvjx GK AvivKvwb RvwZ wQj| A_©vr wLªóc~e© 2666 Aã †_‡K 1784 wLªóvã ch©šÍ GwU GKwU ¯^vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ wQj|2* AZx‡Zi cÖvq 4450 eQ‡ii ¯^vaxb AvivKv‡bi HwZn¨ I BwZnvm c„w_exi eû RvwZi Kv‡Q AvRI Awe¯§iYxq| mg‡qi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q cÖvq 4450 eQ‡ii AZxZKv‡j AvivKvb bvgK G A‡j eû Avw` Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebhvc‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b emwZ wbevm M‡o D‡V| cÖ_gw`‡K Avw` GB gvbyl¸‡jv cÖK…wZ c~Rvwi-Roev`x wek¦vmx _vK‡jI mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ AwaKvsk Avw`evmx †eŠ× I mbvZbx a‡g© wek¦vmx n‡q cwi‡k‡l 610 wLªóv‡ãi ci †_‡K Bmjvg a‡g© wek¦vmx n‡q I‡V| Bmjvg ag© GKwU `ªæZ weKvkgvb ag© nIqv‡Z kZ eQ‡ii g‡a¨ AvivKvb AÂjwUi AwaKvsk 1.

W. gvndzRyi ingvb AvL›`, AvivKv‡bi gymjgvb‡`i BwZnvm, c„. 13|

1*. Abdul Mabud Khan, The Maghs (A Buddhist Community in Bangladesh), UPL. Dhaka, 1999, op. cit., p. 28.

1**.

D.G.E.Hall, Burma (London: Hutchinson and Co. Ltd. 1960), p.62.

A.P. Phayre, History of Burma, op.cit., p. 43.

2*. D.G.E.Hall, A History of South-East Asia (London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1994), pp.411-412.

2.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

18

Avw`evmx RbMY (Indiginous People) Bmjvg a‡g© `xw¶Z n‡q AvivKvb A‡j GKwU gymwjg mgvR e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zv‡j| AvivKvb GjvKvwU eZ©gv‡b wgqvbgv‡ii (1989)2** 7wU cÖ‡`k (Constituent Stats) Ges 7wU wefv‡Mi (Division) g‡a¨ AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU cÖ‡`k (Province)| ˆbmwM©K AvivKvb DcZ¨KvwU evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y-c~e© mxgvšÍ‡Nulv GKwU AÂj| AÂjwU DËi A¶vs‡ki 21020 © © I 16022 © ©-Gi g‡a¨ Ges c~e© `ªvwNgvs‡k 92021© © I 95020© ©-Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z Ges AvqZb cÖvq 22720 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|3 Aci GK Z‡_¨ †`Lv hvq, AvivKv‡bi Ae¯’vb 920 †_‡K 94.90 c~e© `ªvwNgvs‡k Ges 21.90 DËi A¶vs‡ki g‡a¨|3* wfbœ Z_¨ g‡Z, AvivKvb DËi Aÿvs‡ki 17.150 I 21.700 -Gi g‡a¨ Ges c~e© `ªvwNgvs‡k 92.150 I 94.550 Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z|3** AvivKvb AÂjwU bvd b`x Øviv evsjv‡`k †_‡K Ges g~j f‚LÐ evg©v †_‡K cvnvo Øviv wew”Qbœ|4 AvivKv‡bi Dˇi Pxb I fviZ, `w¶Y-cwð‡g e‡½vcmvMi, DËi-cwð‡g evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y-c~e© mxgvšÍ‡Nulv bvd b`xi ga¨mxgv Ges cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AÂj| c~‡e© wgqvbgv‡ii mxgvšÍeZ©x B‡qvgv ce©Zgvjv (g¨vMI‡q, e¨v‡Mv I Av‡qBqviIqvw` AÂj)A Øviv †ewóZ| G my`xN©, `yM©g, myD”P I wekvj B‡qvgv ce©Zgvjv `y‡f©`¨ cÖvPx‡ii g‡Zv †mŠ›`h©gwÐZ AvivKvb‡K wgqvbgvi †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †i‡L‡Q|5

2**.

1989 m‡bi 18 Ryb miKvwifv‡e evg©vi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i wgqvbgvi ivLv n‡q‡Q| †`‡ki bvg cwieZ©‡bi wel‡q ewg© miKvi †NvlYv K‡i evg©vq Kv‡ib, KvwPb, gb, ewg© cÖf…wZ b„ZvwË¡K †Mvôxi †jvK evm K‡i| ewg©iv msL¨vMwiô n‡jI †Kej Zv‡`i bvg Abymv‡i †MvUv †`‡ki bvgKiY Kiv m¤¢e bq| Far Eastern Economic Review, 29 June,

1989, p.14.

Abdul Mabud Khan, The Maghs: A Buddist Community in Bangladesh (Dhaka: University Press Ltd., 1999), p. 3.

3*. Imperialist Conspiracy in Greater Chittagong & Arakan; Editor: S M Nazrul Islam, p. 23.

3.

3**.

Ave`yj Kwig, Ô†ivwn½v‡`i nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvmÕ, cvwÿK cvjve`j, XvKv, 1g el©, 23 msL¨v 1992, c„. 28| BK‡Z`vi Avn‡g` : mv‡eK RR: msweavb, ivRbxwZ I A_©bxwZ we‡kølK; †mvgevi 5 wW‡m¤^i 2016, hyMvšÍi| A . AvivKv‡bi gRjyg gymjgvb‡`i eÂbvi BwZnvm (bvd Zx‡ii Kvbœv), KvRx Aveyj Kvjvg wmÏxK, gvKZvevZzm mvnvev, c„. 24| 5. Abdul Karim, The Rohingyas: A Short Account of Their History of Culture (Chittagong: Arakan 4.

Historical Society, June 2000), p. 1.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

19

bvd b`xi Zxi eivei e½‡`‡ki mv‡_ AvivKv‡bi Awfbœ mxgvšÍ †iLv wQj, hv GL‡bv AvivKvb (evg©v) I evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ Awfbœ mxgvšÍ †iLv| we‡kl K‡i, evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y I `w¶Y-c~e©vs‡k Aew¯’Z AvivKvb AÂjwU‡K e‡½vcmvMi I bvd b`xi `w¶Y-cwðg †gvnbv‡ewóZ AvivKvb-B‡qvgv bv‡gi `xN© ce©Zk„½ (B‡qvgv ce©Zk„‡½i m‡e©v”P P‚ov wf‡±vwiqv k„‡½i D”PZv 3,036 wgUvi ev 10,049 dzU)6 wgqvbgv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ AÂj †_‡K c„_K K‡i‡Q| mnR A‡_©, e‡½vcmvM‡ii c~e© Zxi‡Nu‡l bvd b`x †_‡K Ô†bMvivBR AšÍixÿÕ ch©šÍ GjvKvwUB AvivKvb|6* cÖvPxb AvivKvb ivR¨ DËi †_‡K `w¶‡Yi DcK‚j eivei we¯Í…Z wQj| Z_vwc †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi w`K †_‡K AvivKvb AÂjwU wgqvbgv‡ii (eªþ‡`k) g~j f‚LÐ †_‡K GK ai‡bi wew”Qbœ DcZ¨Kv| g~jZ DuPz, Lvov Ges `yM©g AvivKvb B‡qvgv ce©Z‡kªwY AvivKvb I wgqvbgvi‡K ci¯úi †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i‡Q| hw`I AvivKvb eZ©gv‡b wgqvbgv‡ii GKwU Ask| `ywU A‡ji g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ gvÎ wZbwU wMwic_ Av‡Q| wZbwU wMwic‡_i g‡a¨ gvÎ GKwU wMwic_ w`‡q eQ‡ii me KwU w`b hvZvqvZ Kiv m¤¢e| Aewkó `ywU (Avb Ges Ub¸c) wMwic_ w`‡q el©vKv‡j hvZvqvZ GK iKg Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o| we‡klfv‡e j¶Yxq AvivKvb Ges evg©vi ¯’j c‡_ †hvMv‡hvM mk¯¿evwnbx e¨ZxZ Ab¨ mevi Rb¨ cÖvq wbwl×| myZivs `ywU (AvivKvbevg©v) As‡ki mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iw¶Z nq †bŠc‡_i gva¨‡g|7 Rjc‡_ Dfq A‡ji g‡a¨ RbM‡Yi hvZvqv‡Zi e¨e¯’v _vK‡jI Zv wQj KwVb I Awbivc`| d‡j AvivKv‡bi g~j Rb‡Mvôx evg©v †_‡K A‡bKvs‡k wew”Qbœ| wgqvbgv‡ii mv‡_ KwVbZg †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi d‡jB my`xN©Kvje¨vcx AvivKvb DcZ¨KvwUi ivóª‡Kw›`ªK ¯^Zš¿ I wbivcËv Z_v ¯^vaxbZv wRB‡q ivLv m¤¢e wQj| †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi w`K w`‡q HwZn¨MZfv‡e bvbvb my‡hvM-myweavi Kvi‡Y wgqvbgv‡ii †P‡q evsjv‡`‡ki PÆMÖvg AÂjwU AvivKv‡bi AwZ wbKUeZ©x I eÜzcwÖ Zg AÂj| cÖK…Zc‡¶ †QvULv‡Uv ce©Zgvjv I bvd b`xi e¨eavb e¨ZxZ Dfq 6.

AvivKv‡bi gRjyg gymjgvb‡`i eÂbvi BwZnvm (bvd Zx‡ii Kvbœv), KvRx Aveyj Kvjvg wmÏxK, gvKZvevZzm mvnvev, c„. 24| 6*. W: †gv: gvBgyj Avnmvb Lvb, gvbevwaKvi I †ivwn½v kiYv_x© evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ, c„. 3| 7. Dr. Abdul Karim, The Rohingyas (A Short Account of Their History and Culture), p.13.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

20

A‡ji (PÆMÖvg-AvivKvb) GK †MvÎxq RbemwZi †Zgb Avi †Kv‡bv AšÍivq wQj bv| ZvB PÆMÖv‡g Aw÷Kvw` Rb‡Mvôx I AvivKv‡b †fvU wPbv †MvÎxq wKivZ RvZxq †jvK‡`i AvwaK¨ cwijw¶Z nq|8 mg‡qi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ c„w_exi eû ivR `iev‡ii ivR`‡Ði cwieZ©b nIqv ¯^vfvweK MwZkxj I Pjgvb GKwU cÖwµqv| ivR `iev‡ii Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ ivóª mxgvbv A¯^vfvweK Kvh©Kjvc e¨wZ‡i‡K wbw`©ó mxgvbvq we‡kl K‡i wba©vwiZ _v‡K| Z‡e ag©xq Kvh©µg I cÖfve-cÖwZcwËi g‡bve„wË †_‡K bvbv hy×-weMÖ‡ni cÖwZdj‡b †_‡K eZ©gvb me mg‡qB ivóª mxgvbvi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q Ges n‡”Q| hy× I weMÖn GK w`‡K †hgb cÖfvekvjx iv‡óªi mxgvbv e„w× NUv‡”Q, Abyiƒcfv‡e `ye©j †`kmg~‡ni ivóª mxgvbv msKzwPZ Kiv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ¯^vaxbZvI niY Ki‡Q| c„w_exi eû AZxZ ¯^vaxb ivóª I ¯^vaxb‡PZv RbM‡Yi Rb¨ Zv GK `ywe©ln I Kj¼RbK Aa¨v‡qi BwZnvm iPbv K‡i| †Zgb AZx‡Zi Mwe©Z I myLx-mg„w× ÎæwU ¯^vaxb ivóª I RvwZ n‡jv; AvivKvb I AvivKv‡bi RbMY| mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b Zv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv †hgb K‡i niY n‡q‡Q, †Zgwb f‚wg mxgvbvi evievi cwieZ©b AvivKv‡bi f‚wgi AvqZb‡K K‡i‡Q msKzwPZ| AvivKv‡bi ivR¨ mxgvbvi cwieZ©‡bi †cQ‡b ¯^vaxb wÎcyiv, cÖfvekvjx w`wjøi †gvNj mvgªvR¨ I evg©vi ivR`Ð cwiPvwjZ ¶gZvi Ace¨envi RwoZ| ZvB AvivKv‡bi wbw`©ó AvqZb wbY©q Kiv GKwU KwVbZg Kvh©| cÖ_gw`‡K e‡½i mv‡_ AvivKv‡bi ¯^vaxb mxgvbvi cÖvqB cwieZ©b n‡Zv| ¯^vaxb wÎcyivi ivRv‡`i KZ©…K GKvwaKevi Ges 1607 mv‡ji w`‡K cZz©wMR Rj`my¨ MÄv‡jm AvivKvwb kvmK‡`i wbKU †_‡K m›`xc `Lj K‡ib|9 me©‡kl w`wjøi mgªvU AvIi½‡R‡ei (1658-1707)10 Avg‡j mgªv‡Ui gvgv I evsjvi myev`vi kv‡q¯Ív Lv‡bi (The Viceroy of Bengal 16631678,11 1679-1688) cyÎ I my‡hvM¨ †mbvcwZ eyRyM© D‡g` Lv‡bi nvZ n‡q AvivKvwb‡`i KvQ †_‡K 1666 mv‡ji 26 gZvšÍ‡i 27 Rvbyqvwi PÆMÖvg AÂjwU 8.

Avng` kixd, PÆMÖv‡gi BwZK_v (Avw`hyM), BwZnvm, BwZnvm cwil` cwÎKv, cÖ_gel©, wØZxq msL¨v, fv`ª -AMÖnvqY, 1374, c„. 162| 9. evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbvi cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Avgiv evsjv‡`wk ev½vwj, wcm †cÖm wjsK, c„. 43, †gv. Avmv` cvi‡fR| 10. Hunter, W.W., Statistical Account of Bengal, V1, 3. London, 1876, p.272.

11. Hunter, W.W., Statistical Account of Bengal, V1, 3. London, 1876, p.272.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

21

D×vi n‡q evsjvi myev‡ni Aax‡b Av‡m|12 eyRyM© D‡g` Lvb 1666 mv‡j PÆMÖvg Rq K‡i w`wjøi mvgªv‡R¨i digvb Abyhvqx kn‡ii bvg cwieZ©b K‡i iv‡Lb Bmjvgvev`|13 e‡½i mv‡_ AvivKv‡bi mxgvbvi cÖvqB cwieZ©‡bi †h †Ljv PjZ, 1666 mv‡j Zvi P‚ovšÍ cwimgvwß N‡U| 1581 mvj †_‡K 1666 mv‡ji 26 gZvšÍ‡i 27 Rvbyqvwi14 ch©šÍ e‡½i PÆMÖvg AÂjwU AvivKv‡bi `L‡j _vK‡jI Ae‡k‡l 1666 mv‡j Zv evsjvi `L‡j cybivq Av‡m|14# †fŠ‡MvwjKfv‡e mwbœwnZ evg©v I evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ eûKvj n‡ZB mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK m¤úK© we`¨gvb wQj| 1666 mv‡ji c~‡e© evsjvi K·evRvi, ivgy, PÆMÖvg I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvgmn wekvj f‚wg AvivKv‡bi kvmbvax‡b wQj Ges GB mg‡q wÎcyiv wQj Zvi Ki` ivR¨|14* 1666 mv‡j kv‡q¯Ív Lvb cyÎ eyRyM© D‡g` Lvb KZ©…K PÆMÖvg weR‡qi ci †_‡KB ¯^vaxb AvivKv‡bi f‚wgi wbw`©ó AvqZb wba©vwiZ nq 20 nvRvi eM©gvBj, hv 3 Rvbyqvwi 1948 weªwUk kvmb ch©šÍ we`¨gvb wQj| 4 Rvbyqvwi 1948 wLªóv‡ã ¯^vaxb evg©vi P‚ovšÍ AšÍfz©³ nq 1784 c~e© ¯^vaxb AvivKvb| 1948 cieZ©x mgMÖ AvivKvb A‡ji 5,235 eM©gvB‡ji cve©Z¨ AvivKvb DcZ¨KvwU evg©vi Avi GKwU ¯^vqËkvwmZ A½ivóª wPb cÖ‡`‡k (Chin Province)15 Ges `w¶Y AvivKv‡bi 565 eM©gvB‡ji ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AskwU †jvqvi evg©vi BivewZ A‡ji AvIZvfz³ Kivi d‡j eZ©gv‡b AvivKv‡bi AvqZb Le© n‡q 14,200 (cÖvq 14,200.1) eM©gvB‡j ev 36,778 wK.wgUv‡i w¯’wZkxj nq| AvivKv‡bi cÖK…Z AvqZb 16,500 eM©gvBj, wKš‘ 1974 m‡b evg©vi miKvwi gvbwP‡Î I bw_c‡Î 12,642 eM©gvBj †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|15* 12.

iZb jvj PµeË©x, evsjv‡`k-evg©v m¤úK©, GwkqvwUK †cÖm, c„. 1, RyjvB 1984|

13.

HB, vol. ii. pp. 234, 283; Abdul Mabud Khan, The Maghs, A Buddhist Community in Bangladesh, UPL, P.27.

14.

†gv. Avmv` cvi‡fR, evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbvi cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Avgiv evsjv‡`wk ev½vwj, wcm †cÖm wjsK, c„. 43|

14#.

S.M. Ali, Arakan Rule in Chittagong, Journal of Asiatic Society of Pakistan, vol, xii. No. 3, 1967, pp.

331-351.

14*. Ali, S.M.,`Arakan Rule in Chittagong` Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan. Vol.XII, No.3 (Dec., 1967), pp.333-51; Karim, Khondkar Mahbubul The Provinces of Bihar and Bengal Under Shahjahan.

(Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 1974), pp.111-19.

15. Abdul Karim, The Rohingyas op.cit., p.2: A Short Account of Their History and Culture (CTG: Arakan Historical Society, June-2000).

15*.

evsjv wek¦‡Kvl, 1g LÐ, c„. 233|

bvd b`xi Icv‥i Ancient Arakan Kingdom about 17th Century A.D.

Source: http://arakanindobhasa.wordpress.com/category/arakan-kingdommap/Arakan Historical Society Of Chitagong.

22

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

Arakan Map under British Administration

23

bvd b`xi Icv‥i

Source: http://arakanindobhasa.wordpress.com/category/arakan-kingdom-map/

24

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

25

14200 eM©gvB‡ji eZ©gvb AvivKv‡bi gvbwP‡Îi ˆ`N¨© 360 gvBj| GwU e‡½vcmvM‡ii c~eK © j ‚ msjMœ cvnvwo f‚wgi miæ Ask we‡kl| wKš‘ cÖ‡¯’ wewfbœ ¯’vb we‡k‡l wfbœZv ¯úó| DËi AvivKvb DcZ¨KvwU †ek cÖk¯Í; hvi cÖ¯’ cÖvq Map of Northern Rakhine state (Myanmar) with locations of Sittwe.

Mrauk U, Vesali, Dhanyawaddy, Kyauk taw, etc. The map is not drawn to scale.

Source: http/www.tourpagan.itgo.com/mrauku2.htm1

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

26

100 gvBj Ges `w¶Yvs‡k µgvMZfv‡e wb‡Pi w`‡K miæ n‡Z n‡Z cÖ¯’ cÖvq 20 gvB‡j G‡m w¯’wZkxj n‡q‡Q| GwU DËi-cwð‡g evsjv‡`k‡K, Dˇi fviZ‡K Ges DËi-c~‡e© Pxb cvnvo‡K Qzu‡q‡Q| AvivKv‡bi c~e© cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z myD”P ce©Zgvjv AvivKvb B‡qvgv GwU‡K evg©v †_‡K c„_K K‡i m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v GKwU cÖvK…wZK gvbwP‡Îi iƒc w`‡q‡Q| mgMÖ AvivKvb AÂj DËi-cwð‡g 171 gvBje¨vcx b`x I f‚wg mxgv‡iLv mnKv‡i evsjv‡`k Øviv cwi‡ewóZ|15** 100 gvBj `xN© bvd b`x Ges 71 gvBj `xN© `yj•N¨ cve©Z¨ mxgvšÍ Dfq †`k‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i‡Q|16 AvivKv‡bi 360 gvBj `xN© mivmwi ms‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ gvÎ 171 gvBj `xN© Rj I ¯’j ms‡hvM i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½| evsjv‡`k I AvivKv‡bi GB ms‡hvM ¯’‡ji KvQ †Nu‡l e‡½vcmvM‡ii †h `xN© c‡_i D™¢e n‡q‡Q Zv‡KB Gate way to the Far East e‡j|16* AvivKv‡bi gvbwP‡Î ZvKv‡j A‡bKUv †evqvj gv‡Qi g‡Zv g‡b nq| eZ©gv‡bi AvaywbK AvivKvb AÂjwU my`~i AZx‡Z (Ancient Times) PviwU †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgvbvq wef³ wQj| wef³ mxgvbv PviwU n‡jv- 1. ab¨vewZ, 2. ivgvewZ, 3. †gLvewZ Ges 4. `vivewZ| AZx‡Zi ab¨vewZ GjvKvwU eZ©gvb AvivKv‡bi ivRavbx GjvKv| ivgvewZ eZ©gvb ivgweª Øxc, †gLvewZ eZ©gv‡b †PŠ`yev Ges `vivewZ eZ©gv‡b AvaywbK m¨vÛI‡q|16** weªwUk kvmbvg‡j (1826-1947)17 evg©v fviZe‡l©i AšÍfz©³ GKwU cÖ‡`‡k cwiYZ nq Ges weªwUk kvwmZ fviZe‡l©i AvIZvfz³ cÖ‡`k evg©vi GKwU wefv‡M cwiYZ nq c~‡e©Kvi ¯^vaxb AvivKvb AÂjwU| evg©vi Aaxb¯Í AvivKvb wefvMwU cybivq PviwU †Rjv‡Z wef³ wQj| †Rjv¸‡jv n‡jv-1. cve©Z¨ AvivKvb, 2. AvwKqve, 3. m¨vÛI‡q Ges 4. KvDKwcD| 15**.

AFK, Jilani, `A Brief Account of the Regional Geography of Arakan’ (Physical Features) TMS (Photocopy), Special Collection, Arakan Historical Society Library, Chittagong, p.1.; The High School Geography of Burma (in Burmese), The Textbook Committee, Ministry of Education, The Socialist Republic of Union of Burma, Rangoon, 1975, p. 283.

16. mvgªvR¨ev`x

Pµv‡šÍ e„nËi PÆMÖvg I AvivKvb, m¤úv`bvq Gm Gg bRiæj Bmjvg, cvU© -†ivwn½v gymjgvb (mvwgDj Avng` Lvb), c„. 36| 16*. W: †gv: gvBgyj Avnmvb Lvb, gvbevwaKvi I †ivwn½v kiYv_©x evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ, c„. 4| 16**. Abdul Mabud Khan, The Maghs: A Buddist Community in Bangladesh, UPL, 1991, P. 4.

17. Abdul Mabud Khan, The Maghs, UPL, p. 28.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

27

wbKUeZ©x AZx‡Z AvivKvbÑ m¨vÛI‡q, wmUI‡q, gvqy Ges wKqvDKwcD bvgK PviwU cÖkvmwbK BDwb‡U wef³ wQj| eZ©gv‡b AvivKvb n‡jv cuvPwU †Rjvq wef³| G¸‡jv n‡jvÑ 1. wmËyB (AvqZb- 12,504 eM© wK.wg., RbmsL¨v- 10,99,568 Rb)| c~‡e©i bvg wQj AvwKqve| wmËyB ev AvwKqve (ivRavbx) kni Ges AvivKv‡bi cÖavb mgy`ª e›`i| G Qvov AvwKqve18 kniwU Kvjv`vb19 b`x gy‡L Aew¯’Z| †hLv‡b ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q AvivKv‡bi me‡P‡q eo mvgwiK NuvwU| NuvwU †_‡K ivWvi w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki Kzwgjøv †mbvNuvwU ch©šÍ ch©‡e¶Y m¤¢e| 2. gªvDK-D, hv m¤cÖwZ wmËyB †Rjv †_‡K c„_K K‡i MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 3. gsWz (AvqZb- 3,538 eM© wK.wg., RbmsL¨v - 7,63,844 Rb)| 4. KvDKwcD (AvqZb- 9,984 eM© wK.wg., RbmsL¨v- 4,58,244 Rb)| 5. _vb`y (AvqZb- 10,753 eM© wK.wg., RbmsL¨v- 2,96,736 Rb)| mvKz‡j¨ AvivKvb ev ivLvBb‡cÖÕi †gvU AvqZb 36,779 eM© wK.wg. Ges RbmsL¨v 26,18,392 Rb|19* 1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvBb Øviv evg©v‡K fviZel© †_‡K c„_K Kiv nq| 1948 mv‡j evg©v ¯^vaxb n‡j AvivKvb (ivLvBb †cÖ) bv‡g evg©vi GKwU cÖ‡`k MVb Kiv nq| Z‡e c~‡e©Kvi ¯^vaxb AvivKvb wKsev AvivKvb wefv‡Mi AvqZ‡bi †P‡q A‡bK †QvU eZ©gvb AvivKvb cÖ‡`‡ki AvqZb| ZviciI GB AvivKv‡bi i‡q‡Q wekvj cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`| K…wl, cï I ebvÂj : c„w_exi eû mg„×kvjx †`‡ki f‚wgi De©iZvi †P‡q AvivKv‡bi Rwg AwaK De©i| eû b`x f‚wgi GB De©iZv e„w× NwU‡q‡Q| mgy‡`ªi mwbœK‡U nevi d‡j-G A‡ji AvenvIqv m¤ú~Y© ga¨g cÖK…wZi, hv K…wlwbf©i K‡g©i Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Dc‡hvMx| Avevi AvivKv‡bi bvbvb AÂj †f‡` gvwUi cÖK…wZ I De©iZv G‡KK ¯’v‡b G‡KK iKg| Gi wKq`vsk Gu‡Uj gvwU Ges Aewkó GjvKvi gvwUi iKg‡f` 18.

AvwKqve : AvwKqve bvgwUi Avmj DrcwË ARvbv| HwZn¨ Abyhvqx ejv P‡j †h Akyat-Gi weK…wZ bvg, GKwU c¨v‡MvWv hv fMevb ey‡×i †Pvqv‡ji nvo gvRvi n‡Z AbywgZ nq Ges GK AvivKvwb ivRv‡`i Øviv Zv cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| AvivKvbiv g~jZ G‡K Sittway e‡j Wv‡K|

19.

Abdul Mabud Khan, The Maghs, UPL, p. 4.

19*.

Ge‡b †Mvjvg mvgv`, cÖexY wk¶vwe` I Kjvwg÷, ˆ`wbK bqv w`MšÍ, 12 †m‡Þ¤^i, 2017|

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

28

†`vAuvk, cwj I †e‡j| GKmg‡qi ivRavbx AvwKqv‡ei ivw_`s I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kni gsWz A‡ji AwaKvsk GjvKvi gvwU Ô†e‡jÕ| G Qvov AvivKv‡bi wekvj DcZ¨Kvmg~‡ni †h mKj DuPz AÂj i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ el©vi cÖevngvb cvnvwo Xj I cvwbi MwZgq cÖevn †mªv‡Zi Kvi‡Y gvwUi Dcwi As‡k De©iZv ˆZwi K‡i RgvU cwj gvwUi mg„× Ask| AvivKv‡bi Awaevmx‡`i Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ †h A_©‰bwZK wkí KvVv‡gv M‡o DVvi K_v Zv bv nIqv‡Z GLv‡bi gvbyl ¯^fve-myjffv‡e K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj| K…wlB Zv‡`i cÖavb †ckv wn‡m‡e M„nxZ| Z‡e HwZn¨evnx AvivKvb A‡j †Mvj‡hvM _vKvi d‡j Avev`‡hvM¨ mg¯Í RwgB K…wl Kv‡h©i AvIZvq Avbv m¤¢e nqwb| Avev`‡hvM¨ 9,54,257 GKi Rwgi g‡a¨ gvÎ 8,54,724 GKi Rwg Pv‡li Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq|20 †iKW© Abyhvqx 9,64,257 GKi Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi g‡a¨ cÖwZeQi gvÎ 8,54,824 GKi Rwg Pvl Kiv n‡q _v‡K, hv Avevi eQ‡i gvÎ GK dmj djv‡bvi my‡hvM _v‡K|20* Zv Qvov eZ©gvb mg‡q AZ¨vPvwiZ kvmK‡Mvôx GB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AÂj‡K gymjgvb wenxb RbemwZ‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z gymjgvb‡`i weZvwoZ K‡i ivLvBb‡`i cybe©vm‡b m‡Pó| G‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡q gymjgvb Avw`evmx †Mvôx weZvwoZ nevi d‡j wKsev ¯’vbxq f‚wgi gvwjK eû gymjgvb K…lK Rxeb i¶v‡_© †`k †Q‡o we‡`‡k cvjv‡”Q| G my‡hv‡M gymjgvb‡`i †i‡L hvIqv m¤úwˇZ evg©vi miKvi †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ AÂj †_‡K gM‡`i G‡b cybe©vwmZ Ki‡Q| hvi d‡j mvgwMÖKfv‡e eZ©gv‡b K…wl Rwg Avev`nxb n‡q co‡Q| Z‡e mgMÖ evg©vi wZb PZz_©vsk RbMY mvgwMÖKfv‡e K…wl K‡g©i mv‡_ m¤ú„³|21 AvivKv‡bi Drcvw`Z dm‡ji g‡a¨ avb, fz‡Æv, ZvgvK, Avjy, AvL, †e¸b, euvavKwc, U‡g‡Uv, Pxbvev`vg, MvRi, dzjKwc, Avg, KuvVvj, †cu‡c, imyb, †cuqvR, wjPz, Kjv, evZvwe †jey, ZigyR, RjcvB, eiB, bvwi‡Kj I Kgjv‡jeymn bvbvb Rv‡Zi km¨, kvKmewR I djg~j R‡b¥| 1980-Gi `k‡K Drcv`b e¨vcK nv‡i nªvm cvIqv m‡Ë¡I G A‡j evwl©K DØ„Ë avb Drcv`‡bi cwigvY wQj cÖvq 2 jÿ Ub, 20. Jilani, op.cit, p. 25 20*.

21.

Ges W. gvndzRyi ingvb AvL›`, AvivKv‡bi gymjgvb‡`i BwZnvm, cvZv-25| W: †gv: gvBgyj Avnmvb Lvb, gvbevwaKvi I †ivwn½v kiYv_©xt evsjv‡`k †cÖw¶Z, c„. 78| KvRx Aveyj Kvjvg wmÏxK, bvd Zx‡ii Kvbœv, c„. 26|

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

29

†hLv‡b Pwjøk eQi Av‡M AvivKv‡b 4,50,000 Ub DØ„Ë avb Drcv`b KiZ|22 we‡kl K‡i AvivKv‡bi Pvj wek¦e¨vcx GZ †ewk RbwcÖq wQj †h, c„w_exi A‡bK †`‡k DØ„Ë Pvj ißvwb Kiv n‡Zv e‡j, HwZnvwmKfv‡e AvivKvb AÂj‡K ab¨veZx (Granary of Rice) bv‡g WvKv n‡Zv|22* eZ©gvb mg‡q gymjgvb f‚wg gvwjK‡`i weZvwoZ K‡i Pvlvev‡`i cÖwZ AbvMÖnx I Ajm †eŠ×‡`i emv‡bvi d‡j AvivKv‡b Pvjmn hveZxq Drcv`bKvh© A‡bK n«vm †c‡q‡Q| AvivKv‡bi f‚wg‡Z Avw`evmx †ivwn½v gymjgvb‡`i b¨vq-wbôfv‡e emev‡mi my‡hvM w`‡j Ges AvaywbK hš¿cvwZ e¨envi Kiv n‡j, AvivKv‡bi f‚wg‡Z cÖwZeQi DØ„Ë Pvj Drcv`‡bi cwigvY `uvov‡e 10 j¶ U‡bi AwaK| mgMÖ AvivKv‡b me©mvKz‡j¨ 33wU ivBm wgj i‡q‡Q| †MvUv AvivKv‡b M„n¯’ djb wn‡m‡e ÿz`ª cwim‡i bvwi‡Kj Pvl nq Ges evwl©K †gvU bvwi‡Kj Drcv`b Abygvb Kiv n‡q‡Q cÖvq 15 wgwjqb|22** AvivKv‡bi m¨vÛI‡q I †MvËqv kn‡i `woKj _vK‡jI mgMÖ AvivKv‡b GKwUI mvevb d¨v±wi †bB| hw`I cÖPiz cwigvY bvwi‡Kj w`‡q ˆZj I mvevb Drcv`b I cÖ¯‘Z Kiv m¤¢e| AvivKv‡bi AwaKvsk cwievi M„ncvwjZ cï jvjb-cvj‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ| M„ncvwjZ cï wn‡m‡e Zviv Miæ-gwnl-†fov-QvMj cÖf…wZ cvjb K‡i| G mKj M„n cvwjZ cïi ga¨ †_‡K Miæ I gwnl‡K Zviv K…wl Kv‡R m¤ú„³ K‡i| eZ©gv‡b weÁvbm¤§Z AvaywbK hš¿cvwZ Avmv‡Z Pvl c×wZ‡Z Miæ-gwn‡li jv½j Kg e¨envi n‡”Q| Z‡e AvivKv‡b miKvwifv‡e †Kv‡bv cï jvjb-cvj‡bi Lvgvi †bB| AvivKv‡bi i‡q‡Q wekvj wekvj cvnvwo GjvKv| G mKj cvnvwo GjvKv Mnxb I Mfxi ebv‡j we¯Í…Z| Mnxb R½jvc~Y© GB cvnvwo AÂj cïi ivRv UvBMvimn wPZvevN, nwiY, fvjøyK, ey‡bv ïKi Ges ey‡bv nvwZ i‡q‡Q| Zv Qvov wek¦ cwiwPZ B‡qvgv ce©‡Zi Mnxb R½‡j nvwZ, MÛvi, ey‡bv †MvLiv mvcmn bvbvb cÖRvwZi gvivZ¥K welai mvc Ges we‡kl K‡i †mªvZw¯^bx b`xi †gvnbvq KzwgiI i‡q‡Q|

22.

W: †gv: gvBgyj Avnmvb Lvb, gvbevwaKvi I †ivwn½v kibv_©xt evsjv‡`k †cÖw¶Z, c„. 78|

22*.

Jilani, `Regional Geography of Arakan’, p. 7.

22**.

W: †gv: gvBgyj Avnmvb Lvb, gvbevwaKvi I †ivwn½v kibv_©x: evsjv‡`k †cÖw¶Z, c„. 80|

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

30

14200 eM©gvB‡ji AvivKvb A‡ji cÖvq 70% (9940 eM©gvBj) cvnvo I Mfxi ebv‡j mg„×| G mKj ebv‡ji Mnxb As‡k DbœZgv‡bi KvV Drcbœ nq| G Qvov AvivKv‡bi cvnvwo A‡j cÖvK…wZKfv‡e †h cwigvY †m¸b KvV Drcbœ nq, Zv wgqvbgv‡ii †gvU Drcvw`Z Kv‡Vi cÖvq 15 kZvsk|23 cvnvo mg„× AvivKv‡b †m¸b QvovI wcb‡KWz bv‡g cwiwPZ †jŠn KvV (Iron Wood), euvk, `viæwPwb I IK MvQmn cÖPiz cwigv‡Y ebR I Jlwa MvQ R‡b¥|23# G mKj cvnv‡oi ebv‡j cÖPiz cwigvY gay Drcbœ nq| euvkeb AbvnwiZ I Abvev`x †_‡K hvevi ciI GLv‡b cÖPiz cwigv‡Y euvk R‡b¥| we‡klÁ‡`i g‡Z, AvivKv‡bi euvk wek¦evRv‡ii Rb¨ m‡e©vËg gv‡bi| Dchy³ ¯’v‡b KvM‡Ri wgj emv‡bv n‡j, KvMR Drcv`b evsjv‡`‡ki weL¨vZ KY©dzjx †ccvi wgj‡KB Qvwo‡q †hZ Ges DËi AvivKv‡bi f‚wg ivevi I Pv cøv‡›Ui Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Dc‡hvMx| AvivKv‡bi K‡qKwU kn‡i miKvi wU¤^vi ˆZwii Rb¨ mwgj ewm‡q‡Q| wKš‘ DËi AvivKv‡bi gymwjg msL¨vMwiô AÂj, †hLv‡b wewfbœ Rv‡Zi DbœZgv‡bi KvV R‡b¥ †mLv‡b miKvwifv‡e GKwU mwgjI emv‡bv nqwb| ZviciI †ivwn½viv kvixwiK kª‡gi gva¨‡g wU¤^vi ˆZwi K‡i| wKš‘ miKvi KZ©…c¶ I †eŠ×iv Zv‡`i G mKj Kv‡R me mgq evav †`q| b`x I grm¨ : AvivKv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 360 gvBj| AvivKv‡bi kni gsWz †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i IqvPs n‡q BivewZ A‡ji (wefvM) _vevs mxgvšÍ‡Nulv GjvKv wKqvKPvgPs ch©šÍ AvivKv‡bi †gvU ˆ`N¨© 360 gvBje¨vcx AmvaviY g‡bvig mgy`ª DcK‚ jxq AÂj| mvMi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z nIqvq mvgyw`ªK RvnvR¸‡jvi Rb¨ †bvOi euvavi ¯’vbmn AvivKv‡b GKvwaK mgy`ª e›`i wQj| †`kwU eû b`x I †mªvZw¯^bx Øviv AvovAvwofv‡e wef³| GB wekvj Rjivwki mxgv‡iLvq AvivKv‡b †gvU mvZwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© b`x cÖengvb i‡q‡Q| bvd, gvqy, Kvjv`vb, †jgeªæ, Zvb¸, Abb I m¨vÛI‡q| Zvi g‡a¨ bvd, Kvjv`vb, †jgeªæ I gvqy n‡jv AvivKv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© 1 PviwU b`x| bvd b`xi cÖvq 50 gvBj ˆ`‡N©¨i wecix‡Z cÖ¯’ gvÎ 1 †_‡K 12 23.

23#.

Bmjvwg wek¦‡Kvl, 22 LÐ (XvKvt BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k), 1996, c„. 717| Ave`yj Kwig, cvjve`j, c„. 28|

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

31

gvBj|23* ÿz`ª cÖ‡¯’i GB b`xi cvwbi cÖevn fv‡jvB Li‡mªvZv| g~jZ GB bvd b`xi Rjivwk evsjv‡`k I AvivKv‡bi g‡a¨ mxgv‡iLvi †h we‡f`, Zv‡Z AvšÍR©vwZK mxgv‡iLv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| 23** bvd b`xi c~e© Zx‡iB AvivKv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kni gsWz UvDbwkc Ges cwðg Zx‡i evsjv‡`‡ki K·evRvi †Rjvi AvIZvaxb †UKbvd _vbv I Avkcv‡ki AÂj| evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ch©Ub †K›`ª †m›UgvwU©b (wRbwRiv) bvd b`xi m¤§yLfv‡M Aew¯’Z| g~jZ AvivKv‡bi nwecvov †_‡K AvMZ gymjgvbivB GB †m›UgvwU©‡bi Awaevmx| mvwewewbBb, Dwk½v, cigv, gvqyw_U, wgsjv¸B, wcbevqy, ZvZgvwM, KvBb, M`yQviv, Zzb Ges NvKzbWz bvbvb †QvU †QvU cÖengvb bvjv I nª` gvqy ce©‡Z Drcbœ n‡q gsWz UvDbwk‡ci g‡a¨ w`‡q bvd b`x‡Z wg‡k bvd b`x‡K K‡i‡Q mg„×| bvd b`x me©‡kl wgwjZ n‡q‡Q e‡½vcmvM‡i| Bqvû A‡ji wPb cvnv‡oi †K›`ª¯’j †_‡K eBby bv‡g DrcwË n‡q `w¶‡Yi w`K w`‡q cve©Z¨ AvivKv‡b cÖ‡e‡ki c‡i GwU Kvjv`vb bvg ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| GB Kvjv`vb b`xwU AvivKv‡bi eo I cÖavb b`x| Kvjv`vb b`xwU `w¶Yvwfgy‡L ïiæ K‡i AZtci DËi Awfgy‡L Ges me©‡k‡l c~e© w`‡K evK wb‡q mivmwi jymvB cvnvo AwZµg K‡i cybivq `w¶Y w`‡K †gvo wb‡q DËi AvivKv‡bi †klfvM n‡q AvivKv‡bi c~e© As‡k P‡j hvq| b`xwU ivRavbx e›`i AvwKqv‡ei wbKUeZ©x ¯’v‡b Avmvi ci e‡½vcmvM‡i wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| ewg© fvlv Kvjv`vb ej‡Z we‡`wk‡`i ¯’vb‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| †Kbbv, ewg© fvlvq Kvjv A_© we‡`wk Ges `vb A_© ¯’vb| A‡b‡K Avevi e‡jb, mß`k kZ‡Ki †Mvovi w`K †_‡K AvivKvwbiv cZzw© MR Rj`my¨‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq `w¶Y I evsjvi b`x DcK‚jeZ©x GjvKv¸‡jv n‡Z mvaviY RbMY AcniY K‡i bvd b`xi mxgvbv †_‡K Kvjv`vb b`xi GjvKv ch©šÍ ga¨eZ©x mxgvbvq AcniY †jvK¸‡jv‡K avbmn bvbvb K…wl Kv‡R f‚wg`vm wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| G‡Z K‡i GB b`xi bvg aviY K‡i Kvjv`vb|

23*.

AFK Jilani, The Rohingyas of Arakan: Their quest for Justice, (Chittagong: Ahmed Jilani, 1999), p. 18.

Jilani, Regional Geography of Arakan, P.4; Mohammed Yunus, A History of Arakan: Past & Present (Chittagong: Magenta Colour, 1994), p. 2.

23**.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

32

cÖvq 144 gvBj ˆ`‡N¨©i24 mxgvbv wb‡q †jgeªæ AvivKv‡bi wØZxq e„nËg b`x| AvivKv‡bi B‡qvgv cvnv‡oi cv`‡`kxq GjvKvi cvwb MÖnYc~eK © DËi AvivKvb w`‡q AvivKv‡bi ivRavbx AvwKqve kniwUi 10 gvBj DËi Ask w`‡q e‡½vcmvM‡ii mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| GwU Ggb GKwU b`x †h b`xi Zx‡iB GKmgq M‡o D‡VwQj cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi Ab¨Zg bMix ˆekvjx, jswM‡qZ, †cwib Ges gªvDK-D ivRes‡ki ivRavbx kni †gªvns| GB †gªvns †_‡K †ivwn½v k‡ãi g~j DrcwË; hv eZ©gv‡b cv_y‡i †Kjøv bv‡g mK‡ji wbKU cwiwPZ| G Qvov cÖvq 10 gvBj ˆ`‡N©¨i gvqy b`xwU AvivKv‡bi ivw_`s I eywP`s UvDbwk‡ci ga¨Lvb w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci Kvjv`vb b`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q e‡½vcmvM‡i G‡m DcYxZ n‡q‡Q| G mKj b`xi Rjivwki Dci wbf©i K‡i AvivKv‡bi wekvj GK Rb‡Mvôx| gvQ msMÖn‡K Zv‡`i Rxeb I RxweKvi cÖavb †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q| 360 gvBj we¯Í…Z Rjivwki wewfbœ †gvnbvq cÖPiz cwigvY gvQ aiv c‡o| AvivKvb n‡jv Mnxb ebv‡ji cvkvcvwk wekvj Rjivwki gvwjK| A‡b‡K AvivKvb‡K b`xgvZ…K e‡j _v‡K| b`xgvZ…K AvivKv‡bi b`x¸‡jv‡ZI ch©vß gvQ cvIqv hvq| bvd I Kvjv`v‡bi g‡Zv b`xi eyK †_‡K †hgwb gvQ cvIqv hvq, †Zgwb Zv‡`i DcK‚jxq GjvKvq wPswo †Ni †_‡K cÖPzi cwigvY DbœZgv‡bi wPswo Drcbœ nq|24* G Qvov AvivKv‡bi eû cyKzi I †Wvev‡ZI gvQ Pvl †ek RbwcÖq GKwU Kv‡R cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ DbœZ hš¿cvwZ wewkó grm¨ Uªjv‡ii Afve Ges gymjgvb‡`i Dci gvQ aivi †¶‡Î eû evav-wb‡la Av‡iv‡ci d‡j GLv‡b grm¨ Avni‡Yi cwigvY cÖwZ‡ekx evsjv‡`‡ki †P‡q A‡bK Kg| gymjgvb‡`i gvwjKvbvaxb wPswo euva¸‡jv evg©vi eY©ev`x miKvi †Rvic~e©K wb‡q †djvi Kvi‡Y 1982 mvj †_‡K wPswo Drcv`b A‡bK e¨vnZ n‡q K‡g Av‡m|

24.

W. gvndzRyi ingvb AvL›`, AvivKv‡bi gymjgvb‡`i BwZnvm, c„. 24| Bmjvwg wek^‡Kvl, c„. 717; gynv¤§` BDbym, AwaK…Z AvivKvb RbMY †`k I BwZnvm (AvivKvb: AviGmI, 1990), c„. 4|

24*.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

33

eywP`s UvD‡bi wVK 15 gvBj `w¶Y-c~‡e© †mBbWs b`xi wbKUeZ©x ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z cÖvK…wZK myD”P †mBbWs RjcÖcvZ‡K hw` Kv‡R jvMv‡bv nq, Z‡e Zv †_‡K cvwb we`y¨r kw³ Drcbœ Kiv m¤¢e| 1960 mv‡j ZrKvjxb D-by miKvi RvwZms‡Ni mvnvh¨ Kg©m~wPi Aax‡b RjcÖcvZ ¯’‡j GKwU cvwb we`y¨r Drcv`b cÖKí MÖnY K‡iwQj| RvwZms‡Ni Rwic †gvZv‡eK H cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j AvivKv‡bi m¤ú~Y© Pvwn`v c~iY Kivi ciI cÖPzi cwigvY we`y¨r cÖwZ‡ekx †`k ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b (eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k) ißvwb Kiv †hZ| wKš‘ 1962 mv‡j mgibvqK ¶gZvq Avmvi ci cÖKíwU ïay gymwjg Aay¨wlZ A‡j nIqvi Kvi‡Y cwiZ¨³ nq| AvivKvb DcK‚j msjMœ mgy‡`ªi †jvbvcvwb Ges gsWz, cK&Z, AvwKqve, PewcD, ivnvw¯¿, m¨vÛI‡q, Us¸c‡es †MvIqv cÖf…wZ kni¸‡jv‡Z Aew¯’Z jeY KviLvbv †_‡K cÖPiz jeY Drcv`b nq| gsWz, ivnvw¯¿, AvwKqve Ges m¨vÛI‡q‡Z Aew¯’Z wewfbœ jeY Muvov †_‡KI †iŠ`ªZv‡ci gva¨‡g jeY Drcv`b Kiv nq| je‡Yi G mKj Muvov miKvwi mn‡hvwMZv QvovB cwiPvwjZ nq| AvivKv‡bi kni : eZ©gv‡bi AvivKv‡b †ekwKQz kni i‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ †QvU, eo I gvSvwi wgwj‡q GLv‡b 17wU kn‡ii bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv25: 1.eywP`s, 2. gsWz, 3. wKqvDKZvD, 4. ivw_`s, 5. gªvDK-D, 6. †cvbœwMDb, 7. wgbweqv, 8. AvwKqve, 9. cvDKZvD, 10. †geb, 11. wKqvDKwcqy, 12. ivgeªx, 13. †gbvDs Øxc, 14. Us¸, 15. m¨vÛI‡q, 16. †Mvqv Ges 17. Ab|

25.

Jilani, `Regional Geography of Arakan, p. 10.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

34

mgMÖ AvivKvb AÂjwU Dc‡iv³ 17wU kn‡ii mgš^‡q MwVZ| GB kni¸‡jvB 14,200 eM©gvB‡ji mg„× AvivKv‡bi ivR‰bwZK I hveZxq evwYwR¨K Kvh©vewjmn hveZxq ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i| wKš‘ miKv‡ii cÖkvmwbK BDwbU wn‡m‡e m¨vÛI‡q, wmUI‡q, gvqy Ges wKqvDKwcD n‡jv AvivKv‡bi cÖvY‡K›`ª| Ab¨w`‡K, Kvjv`vb b`xi †gvnbvq Aew¯’Z GKmg‡qi ivRavbx kni AvwKqve| eZ©gv‡b AvwKqve kniwU AvivKvb Z_v DËi AvivKv‡bi cÖavb mgy`ª e›`i| cvnvo, ebvÂj I b`-b`x †ewóZ

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

35

AvivKv‡bi cwienb I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ ¯’j c_ A‡c¶v b`x c_B cÖavb| mgMÖ AvivKv‡b †ijc‡_i †Kv‡bv Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB| Ab¨w`‡K, mKj ai‡bi Mvwo PjvP‡ji Rb¨ cvKv iv¯Ívi cwigvY G‡Kev‡iB mxwgZ| †RvovZvwj w`‡q mvKz‡j¨ †gŠmy‡g Mvwo PjvP‡ji Dc‡hvMx gvÎ 150 gvBj iv¯Ív i‡q‡Q|25* mKj †gŠmy‡g Mvwo PjvP‡ji Dc‡hvMx gvÎ 2wU iv¯Ív we`¨gvb| AvwKqve †_‡K Bqvbwe‡qb ch©šÍ 15 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN© 1wU iv¯Ív| eywP`s †_‡K gsWz ch©šÍ 24 wK‡jvwgUvi we¯Í…Z Ab¨ 1wU iv¯Ív Ges AvivKvb †_‡K evg©vq cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ gvÎ 3wU wMwic_, hvi g‡a¨ 2wU wMwic_ e¨envi cÖvq Am¤¢e| AvivKv‡bi ivRavbxmn †QvU I eo kni¸‡jv‡K GKwU ¯^vfvweK KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ G‡b my‡hvM-myweav e„w× Kiv n‡j AvivKvb f‚wg ˆbmwM©K wePv‡i c„w_exe¨vcx gvby‡li Kv‡Q GKwU AvK©lYxq ch©Ub †K‡›`ª cwiYZ n‡e| Zvi Rb¨ miKvwifv‡e AvivKvb‡K ivóªxq KvivMvi †_‡K gy³ K‡i †`k I AvšÍR©vwZK RbM‡Yi Rb¨ ¯^vaxb wePiY f‚wg‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z n‡e| AvivKvb mxgvbvq w`MšÍ Ry‡o mey‡Ri nvZQvwbi mv‡_ mywekvj Rjivwki mgš^‡qi wgwkªZ evZvq‡b mgy`ªe›`i, mgy`ª ˆmKZ I cÖvK…wZK †cvZvkªq¸‡jv AvšÍR©vwZK ch©UK‡`i AwZ mvb‡›` MÖnY K‡i Gi A_©bxwZi PvKv‡K mPj ivL‡Z mnvqK n‡e| gymwjg ¯’vcbvmn mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ I AZ¨vðh© me c¨v‡MvWv wg‡j AvivKvb‡K K‡i‡Q mg„×| ivRavbx kni : AvivKvwb ivRviv AvUwU wfbœ wfbœ kn‡i avivevwnKfv‡e GKwU †_‡K Ab¨ GKwU‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb| G mKj ¯’vb wQj; GKv`k kZvãx‡Z _v‡eBKUs, ab¨vewZ ev ab¨vIqvw` I †fmvwj; 1118 wLª. ch©šÍ cvBÝv (cvBÝv-mvgevDZ); cvwib& 1118-1167 wLª., wµZ 1167-1180 wLª., jswM‡qZ 1237-1433 Ges †gªvnvs (gªvDK-D) 1433-1785 wLª.| AvUwU ivRavbxB wQj AvwKqve †Rjvi †jgeªæ b`xi wbKUeZ©x ¯’v‡b|25** AZx‡Z AvivKv‡bi ivRavbx wQj †gªvns| BwZnvm cÖgvY K‡i, AvivKv‡bi f‚wg I gvby‡li mKj Aw¯ÍZ¡ wg‡k Av‡Q †gªvns bvgK kãwUi mv‡_| GB †gªvns kãwUi ciewZ©Z 25*.

Bmjvwg wek^‡Kvl, c„. 716; Ave`yj gvey` Lvb, ÔAvivKv‡bi gyw³ msMÖvgÕ, c„. 100|

25**.

The Rohingyas (A Short Account of Their History and Calture) Dr. Abdul karim, p.13.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

36

I weK…Ziƒc n‡q †ivqvs > †ivnvsM > †ivmvsM k‡ãi AvMgb| eZ©gvb mg‡q wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q †gªvns ¯’vbwU cv_ywi wKjøv e‡j cwiwPZ|26 AZtci AvivKv‡bi ivRavbx nq AvwKqve bvgK AmvaviY kniwU| 1825 mv‡j cÖ_g weªwUk-evg©v hy‡× weªwUkiv AvivKvb `Lj Kivi ci GKB eQi weªwUkiv Kvjv`vb b`xi m½g¯’‡j AvwKqve kn‡ii †MvovcËb K‡i| g~jZ AbšÍi AvwKqve n‡jv weªwUk AwaK…Z AvivKv‡bi ivRavbx|26* Z‡e GB kn‡ii †MvovcËb wb‡q A‡bK wgwkªZ Z_¨ _vKvq wbwðZfv‡e †Kv‡bv wm×v‡šÍ Avmv bv †M‡jI A‡bKUv Z_¨ wbf©i m~Î †_‡K ¯úó cÖgvwYZ †h, gymwjg RvwZ GB kniwUi cÖv_wgK †MvovcËb K‡i‡Q| cvim¨‡`wkq gymjgv‡bivB eZ©gvb AvivKv‡bi †K›`ªxq kni AvwKqv‡ei †MvovcËb K‡ib| dviwm kã ÔGK& AveÕ †_‡KB AvwKqve bv‡gi DrcwË|27 AvwKqve kniwU AvivKv‡bi me‡P‡q eo I cÖavb Kvjv`vb b`xi †gvnbvq Aew¯’Z| AvwKqve kniwU 1989 mv‡ji c~e© ch©šÍ AvivKv‡bi ivRavbx wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z wQj| eZ©gv‡b GwU AvivKv‡bi cÖavb mgy`ª e›`i I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kni| 1826 mv‡j weªwUk kvm‡bi c~‡e© GwU wQj GKwU †QvÆ grm¨ cwjø| eZ©gv‡b AvwKqv‡e GKwU mwilv †Zj d¨v±wi i‡q‡Q| †hLvb †_‡K †fvR¨‡Zj Drcbœ nq| AvwKqv‡e GKwU AvBmwµg I †KvìwWªsK d¨v±wiI Av‡Q| Zv Qvov AvwKqve kn‡i †ek wKQz ZuvZ wkí (Hands Looms) i‡q‡Q| †hLvb †_‡K myZv Drcbœ nq| 1989 mv‡ji 18 Ryb cieZ©x mg‡q RvšÍv miKvi AvivKvb bv‡gi cwieZ©‡bi (ivLvBb) mv‡_ mv‡_ ivRavbx kni AvwKqv‡ei cwieZ©b K‡i| eZ©gv‡b AvivKv‡bi ivRavbx ÔPvB-†ZvI‡qÕ (wm‡Ë/ wmZDwq/wmZI‡q)| AvivKv‡bi cÖvK…wZK I LwbR m¤ú` Ges ewg© miKv‡ii ˆelg¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i Kx wekvj iZœfvÛvi i‡q‡Q AvivKv‡b Zvi MfxiZv cÖKvk cvq Zvi LwbR m¤ú‡`| LwbR m¤ú‡`i w`K w`‡q AvivKvb GjvKvwU AwZ m¤¢vebvgq m¤ú`kvjx| AvivKv‡bi f‚wgi wb‡P †c‡Ævj, Kqjv I †Zjmn bvbvb ai‡bi LwbR m¤ú‡`i Lei i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †mvbv I iæcvi Lwbi Aw¯ÍZ¡I we`¨gvb|27* wKš‘ AvivKvb Z_v wgqvbgv‡ii wbR¯^ Ávb I cÖhyw³ ¯^íZvi AfveRwbZ Kvi‡Y LwbR 26.

Gb.Gg. nvwee Djøvn, †ivwn½v RvwZi BwZnvm, c„. 29|

26*.

The Rohingyas (A Short Account of Their History and Calture) Dr. Abdul karim, p. 92.

27.

Gb.Gg. nvwee Djøvn, †ivwn½v RvwZi BwZnvm, c„. 18|

27*.

Abdul Mabud khan, The Maghs: A Buddist Community in Bangladesh, UPL. 1999, p. 4.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

37

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28*.

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`¨ f‡qm Ae †nvc; As mvb my wP, A¨vjvb †K¬‡g›U‡mi mv‡_ mv¶vrKvi, c„. 19|

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evg©vi bvg wgqvbgv‡i iƒcvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g| †m mKj e¨emvwqK Pµv‡šÍi Ask wn‡m‡e 2010 mv‡ji wbe©vPb I cieZ©x Dcwbe©vP‡b my wP‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv nq Ask wb‡Z| †mB wbe©vP‡b my wPÕi NLD cvwU© ¯^D‡`¨‡M Ask †bq Ges Rqjvf K‡i| G mKj Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g e¨emvwqK cvwU©¸‡jv cÖgvY Ki‡Z Pvq †h, wgqvbgvi d¨vwmev`x mvgwiK miKvi ax‡i ax‡i MYZ‡š¿i c‡_ nvU‡Q| AZtci †_Bb †mB‡bi AwjwLZ I A‡NvwlZ `~Z wn‡m‡e cwðgvwek¦ mdi K‡ib my wP| md‡i my wP cwðgvwek¦mn mevB‡K wgqvbgv‡ii mv‡_ e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| MYZš¿‡K Xvj wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i AÜKvi iv‡óªi cÖavb †_Bb †mBb RvwZmsN md‡ii bvUK mvwR‡q evb wK gybmn cwðgv wek¦ †bZv‡`i mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡ib|31 cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿Y I ¯^vfvweKKi‡Yi †kl †h bvUK gÂvqb K‡i‡Qb Zv wek¦we‡eK‡K nvm¨gq K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| RbmsL¨v : GKwU ivóª wKsev ¯’v‡bi g~j DcRxe¨ welq gvbyl| ZvB AvivKv‡bi gvbyl¸‡jvi msL¨v †ei Kiv Avgvi M‡elYvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU KvR| wKš‘ AvivKv‡bi wbqš¿Y wgqvbgv‡ii mvgwiK RvšÍv I Zv‡`i Av`wk©Z bvggvÎ miKv‡ii nv‡Z| eZ©gv‡b GwU wgqvbgv‡ii mvgwiK RvšÍv kvwmZ iæ×Øvi †`‡ki GKwU cÖ‡`k nIqv‡Z †mLvbKvi Af¨šÍixY cwi‡ek-cwiw¯’wZ Ges RbmsL¨vi MYbv Dfq‡¶‡ÎB A¯úóZv we`¨gvb| ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x AvR Aewa wgqvbgv‡ii Aax‡b AvivKvb GjvKvq †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Av`gïgvwiI nqwb| †kvwYZ wccvmy RvšÍv miKv‡ii GKbvqKZ¡ev`x AÜKvi Îv‡mi ivR‡Z¡ jywÉZ A_P GKB mv‡_ ¯ú›`bkxj Ava¨vwZ¥K GKwU mgv‡Ri RbM‡Yi Rxeb I msL¨v m¤ú‡K© †LuvRLei †bqv ewnwe©‡k¦i Rb¨ GKcÖKvi Kómva¨ welq I ejv hvq wbwl×| ZvB AvivKv‡bi RbmsL¨vi wbLyuZ I mwVK cwimsL¨vb cÖ`vb Kiv KwVb I `yiƒn KvR| hvi d‡j AvivKv‡bi RbmsL¨vi wel‡q wewfbœ Rb I gn‡j ¯úóZ h‡_ó cwigvY gZcv_©K¨ we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| AZtci M‡elYvi ¯^v‡_© AvivKv‡bi RbmsL¨vi cv_©K¨g~jK `„wófw½ wb‡P Zz‡j aiv n‡jvÑ GK. AvivKv‡bi evB‡i wgqvbgv‡ii wewfbœ As‡k gymjgvb‡`i emevm i‡q‡Q| mgMÖ wgqvbgv‡i cÖvq 70 j¶ gymjgvb‡`i emevm| Gi A‡a©‡Ki †ewk AvivKv‡b 31.

W. nvwee wmwÏKx, Ethnic Cleansing of Rohingya Muslims by Burmese Rakhine Buddists in Arakan State of Myanmar, Gwkqvb wUªweDb, 3 b‡f¤^i, 2012|

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

41

emevm K‡i| †emiKvwi wn‡me g‡Z, AvivKv‡bi eZ©gvb (05.12.2016) RbmsL¨v cÖvq 50 j¶| †Kv‡bv GKmgq AvivKv‡b gymjgvbiv msL¨vMwiô n‡jI †m †`‡ki miKv‡ii `vwe n‡jv, eZ©gv‡b Ôgymjgvb I ivLvBbÕ RbmsL¨v cÖvq mgvb|32 `yB. evsjv‡`‡ki cÎ-cwÎKvi fvl¨ I AvivKv‡bi gymwjg M‡elK I †jLK‡`i we‡kølYg~jK gZvbymv‡i AvivKv‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨v 50 j¶| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖvq 30 j‡¶iI AwaK gymjgvb| hv cÖvq AvivKvb A‡ji mgMÖ Rb‡Mvôxi 60%|33 wZb. cÖ‡dmi W. Ave`yj Kwi‡gi g‡Z, cÖK…Z c‡¶ AvivKv‡b Av`gïgvwi bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y RbmsL¨vi cÖK…Z wPÎ †`qv m¤¢e bq| Z‡e GK wn‡me †_‡K Rvbv hv‡”Q, eZ©gv‡b Gi RbmsL¨v 40 j¶ Ges Gi evB‡i i‡q‡Q cÖvq †`o wgwjqb (15 j¶) †ivwn½v gymwjg; hviv AvivKvb †_‡K ewn®‹…Z i‡q‡Q 1942 mvj †_‡K| eZ©gv‡b AvivKv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i †eŠ× Ges gymjgvb‡`i msL¨v cÖvq mgvb| A_©vr 20 j¶ †eŠ×, 18 j¶ gymjgvb Ges Aewkó 2 j¶ me©cÖvYev`x34, wn›`y I wLªóvb|35 Pvi. 1992 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³ivóªwfwËK gvbevwaKvi msMVb Gwkqv IqvP Zv‡`i GK msev` weÁw߇Z Rvbvq †h, AvivKv‡b cÖvq 30 †_‡K 35 j¶ †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ AvbygvwbK cÖvq 14 j¶ †jvK n‡jv †ivwn½v gymwjg|36 AvivKvb iv‡R¨ gymwjg RbmsL¨vi µgvbycvwZK GB e„w× wb‡q A‡bK M‡elYv n‡q‡Q| e¨vcKwfwËK M‡elYvq cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q, AvivKv‡b gymjgvb RbmsL¨v e„w×i h‡_ó KviY wQj| hy³iv‡óªi Awi‡Rvbv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BwZnv‡mi Aa¨vcK wiPvW© Gg. BUb Zvi M‡elYvg~jK eB‡Z wj‡L‡Qb-36* ·qv`k kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q 32.

33.

BK‡Z`vi Avn‡g` : mv‡eK RR©, msweavb, ivRbxwZ I A_©bxwZ we‡kølK; †mvgevi, 5 wW‡m¤^i 2016, hyMvšÍi| ˆ`wbK RbZv, 17 b‡f¤^i 1991; ˆ`wbK msev`, 8 wW‡m¤^i 1990; ˆ`wbK AvRv`, 15 I 17 b‡f¤^i 1991; W. gvndzRyi ingvb AvL›`, AvivKv‡bi gymjgvb‡`i BwZnvm, c„. 26; Mohammed Yunus, A History of Arakan:

Past & Present, Chittagong, Magenta Colour, 1994, P.12; Manifesto of Arakan Rohingya National Organization, Arakan, 1998, P.2.

34. mKj e¯‘i g‡a¨ cÖvY Av‡Q e‡j hviv wek¦vm K‡ib, Zv‡`i‡K me©cÖvYev`x ev Animist ejv nq, gy¯Ívdv gvmy`, W.

Ave`yj Kwig m¨v‡ii †ivwn½v‡`i BwZnvm eB‡qi Abyev`K| 35.

Dr. Abdul Karim, The Rohingyas (A Short Account of their History and Culture), P.14.

The Return of the Rohingyas to Burma: Voluntary Repatriation or Refaulement? Human Rights Watch/Asia, U.S.A; Issue Papers of US Committee for Refugees, Washington D.C. 20036, March, 1, 1995, P.3.

36*.

The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier (1204-1760).

36.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

42

ZzwK© exi BLwZqvi DwÏb gynv¤§` eLwZqvi wLjwR (g„Zz¨ 1206 wLª.) 1204 mv‡j evsjv Rq Kivi ga¨ w`‡q gymwjg kvmb cÖwZôv K‡ib| Ggb GK mg‡q KvKZvjxqfv‡e GZ`A‡ji ¸iæZ¡c~Y© M½v b`xi cÖavb cÖev‡ni MwZc_ cwiewZ©Z n‡q evsjvi cÖvPxb bMix¸‡jv weivb n‡Z _v‡K| wecixZ w`‡K Ab¨¯’v‡b bZzb De©i Rwgi Avwef©ve nq| RbkÖæwZ i‡q‡Q †h, bZzb f‚wg‡Z †hgb K‡i cÖPiz cwigvY dmj Drcv`b n‡Zv †Zgwb Zvj wgwj‡q RbmsL¨viI e„w× NUZ| GB f‚wg‡Z bZzb †Kv‡bv ag© wek¦v‡mi cÖPvi I cÖmv‡i ag©xq weKv‡ki AbyKj ‚ cwi‡ek wQj AZ¨šÍ myLKi| DbœZ Rxebhvc‡bi f‚wg De©iZvi mn‡hvwMZv‡K GK Aby`vb g‡b K‡i †m mgqKvi †h a‡g©i Avnevb AvmZ, mvaviY gvbyl ZvB MÖnY KiZ| wVK GB mg‡q cÖ_‡g ZzwK©, AvdMvb ev cvVvb mvgªv‡R¨i AvMgb nq| hvi d‡j AvivKvbmn wekvj mvgªv‡R¨i bZzb f‚wg‡Z Bmjv‡gi Z¡ivwš^Z weKvk N‡U| HwZnvwmKfv‡e cÖgvwYZ †h, Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡bi c~e©Kvj †_‡KB evwYwR¨K Kvi‡Y AvivKv‡bi mv‡_ Avi‡ei ewYK‡`i †hvMv‡hvM wQj| †mB myev‡` Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡bi cÖviw¤¢K Kv‡jB Bmjvg ag© cÖmvwiZ nq| weªwUk Avg‡j PÆMÖv‡g wbhy³ †Rjv g¨vwR‡÷ªU ÔievU©mbÕ AvivKvb A‡ji cÖ_g †emvgwiK kvmK wQ‡jb| wZwb fviZe‡l©i Mfb©i †Rbv‡i‡ji wbKU AvivKvb m¤úwK©Z GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b e‡jb, AvivKvwb Ges ewg©iv Ajm| Zviv †Kv‡bv K‡Vvi cwikª‡gi Kv‡R Af¨¯Í bq| wKš‘ AvivKvb A‡j cÖPiz cwigvY cwZZ Rwg I ebvÂj c‡o Av‡Q, hv Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvi‡j A_©‰bwZK Rxeb gvb DbœZ Kiv m¤¢e| GgZve¯’vq Rwg Pvl I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ evsjv we‡kl K‡i PÆMÖvg †_‡K K…lK‡`i G‡b AvivKv‡b emev‡mi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡j AvivKvwb mgvRe¨e¯’vi DcKvi n‡e| g¨vwR‡÷ªU ievU©m‡bi ¯’jvwfwl³ n‡q Ôwg. c¨vUbÕ GKB AwfgZ e¨³ K‡ib| D³ cÖwZ‡e`‡b AvivKv‡bi RbmsL¨vwelqK GK cwimsL¨vb cvIqv hvq| †hLv‡b gM 60 nvRvi, gymjgvb 30 nvRvi I ewg© 10 nvRv‡ii D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|37 wg. ievU©mb I wg. c¨vU‡bi Av‡e`‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z evsjv †_‡K KZ †jvK AvivKv‡b wM‡qwQj Zv Avgv‡`i †evaMg¨ bq| Z‡e weªwUk cÖwZ‡e`‡b †_‡K GUv cÖgvwYZ †h, 37.

A.C Banerjee, The Eastern Frontier of British India, Calcutta, 1964, P. 351.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

43

weªwUk‡`i AvivKvb `L‡ji mg‡q †mLv‡b B‡Zvg‡a¨B 30 nvRvi gymjgv‡bi emevm wQj Ges GB 30 nvRvi gymjgvb AvivKv‡b c~e© †_‡KB emevm KiwQj| Zv‡`i eskai I DËim~wiiv c~‡e©i RbmsL¨v‡K e¨vcKnv‡i e„w× K‡i‡Q| ˆbmwM©K AvivKv‡b gymjgvb‡`i msL¨v wbY©q Kivi †¶‡Î Avgiv GKUv cÖv_wgK we›`y ev kbv³KiY cÖgvYvwa (m~Pbv c‡q›U) †c‡qwQ hv 1825 mv‡ji KvQvKvwQ| †mLv‡b gymwjg RbmsL¨v 30 nvRv‡ii K_v ¯úó D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| hv †gvU RbmsL¨vi 30%| AvivKv‡b weªwUk ivRZ¡ ïiæi ci gymjgvb‡`i AvMg‡bi RqhvÎv †a‡q Av‡m AvivKv‡bi w`‡K| G mgq A‡b‡KB weªwUk kvmK‡`i Øviv AbycÖvwYZ n‡q PÆMÖvg †_‡K AvivKv‡b Avm‡Z DrmvwnZ nq| †Kbbv AvivKv‡bi Pvlvev`‡K DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ AvMZ gymjgvb‡`i emwZ ¯’vcb wQj AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|38 GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q-39 ÔAvivKv‡b Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwg¸‡jv Pv‡li AvIZvq Avbvi ci PÆMÖv‡gi Pvwliv K…wlKvR Dbœq‡bi me©vwaK cvi½g wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z nq Ges AwaKvsk AvivKvwb f‚wg gvwjKMY AwfgZ cÖKvk K‡ib †h, Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv Rb‡Mvôxi Af¨šÍ‡i PÆMÖv‡gi PvwlivB Kg©‡¶‡Î AMÖvwaKvi cvIqvi †hvM¨| KviY, Zviv AwaKZi m‡šÍvlRbK Kg©dj cwi‡kv‡a B”QzK Ges Zv‡`i Øviv Rwgi mwVK Dbœqb m¤¢e|Õ AvivKv‡bi RbmsL¨vi µgvbycvwZK Av`gïgvwi bv _vKvi †cQ‡b Kx AÁZv i‡q‡Q Zv Lyu‡R bv cvIqv †M‡jI GUv ejv hvq, eZ©gv‡b gymjgvb‡`i cÖK…Z msL¨v jyKv‡bvi Rb¨B Av`gïgvwii mv‡f© cwiPvwjZ nq bv| ZviciI wewfbœ Z_¨ cÖgvY †_‡K †ekwKQz Rwic Zz‡j aivi †Póv Kiv n‡jv : weªwUk Kg©KZ©v‡`i ¯úó cÖwZ‡e`b †gvZv‡eK 1825 wLªóv‡ã AvivKv‡b †gvU RbmsL¨v 1 j¶ R‡bi g‡a¨ 30% A_©vr 30 nvRvi wQj gymwjg ag©vej¤^x| 1826 mv‡ji 30 nvRvi AvivKvwb gymjgvb wQ‡jb cÖ_gw`‡K emwZ ¯’vcbKvix‡`i eskai; hviv wQ‡jb Aviexq, cvwm©K, †gvNj BZ¨vw`| weªwUkiv evg©v Avq‡Ë¡ †bqvi ci we‡`wk‡`i AvivKv‡b G‡m emwZ ¯’vcb Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i| 1911 mv‡ji Av`gïgvwi‡Z †`Lv hvq, GKKfv‡e ïay AvivKv‡bi AvwKqve †Rjv‡ZB gymjgvb‡`i msL¨v `uvwo‡q‡Q 1 j¶ 78 nvRvi 647 Rb| hv gymjgvb‡`i †gvU RbmsL¨vi 33%|40 †m wnmv‡e †MvUv AvivKvbmn 38.

Prabasi, Vol. VII, 1351 B.S P. 242.

R.B. Smart, British-Burma Gazzetteer: Akyab District, Vol. A, P. 129.

40. R.B. Smart, British-Burma Gazzetteer: Akyab District, Vol. A (Rangoon: Burma Government Printing & stay,1959) P. 83.

39.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

44

wgqvbgv‡i gymjgvb‡`i msL¨v `uvovq; 33% = 1,78,647 Rb n‡j, 100% = 178647  100  33 A_©vr 5,41,355 Rb| Ab¨w`‡K, ¯^vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q AwaKZi wem¥‡qi mv‡_ †`Lv hvq †h, 1931 wLªóv‡ãi Av`gïgvwi‡Z AvivKv‡bi †gvU †jvKmsL¨v †`Lv‡bv nq †gvU 12,99,412 Rb| hvi g‡a¨ †eŠ× 8,78,244 Rb, gymjgvb 3,88,254 Rb, wn›`y 3,281 Rb, wLªóvb 2,753 Rb Ges Ab¨vb¨ ag©vej¤^x wQj 25,880 Rb|41 Z‡e BDwbqb Ae evg©vi Aax‡bi GB Av`gïgvwi wb‡q A‡bK gZ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv, GLv‡b evg©v I weªwUk miKvi gymjgvb‡`i `ye©j Kivi Rb¨ gymjgvb‡`i msL¨v Kg †`wL‡q‡Q e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| AvivKv‡bi gymwjg RvwZ _v¤¢BK¨v, †Rievw`, KvgvbwP I †ivwn½v-G 4wU †Mvôx‡Z wef³| AvivKvbmn mgMÖ wgqvbgv‡i emevmKvix gymjgvb‡`i mKj †Mvôxi g‡a¨ †ivwn½v †Mvôx †hgb cÖfvekvjx I HwZn¨gwÐZ †Zgwb msL¨vqI Zviv AwaK, AvivKv‡bi †gvU gymwjg RbmsL¨vi 80%| 1981 mv‡ji Av`gïgvwi‡Z evg©vi RvšÍv miKvi AMYZvwš¿Kfv‡e †NvlYv K‡i †h, AvivKv‡bi mKj gymwjg †MvôxB we‡`wk Ges Zviv wb‡gœv³fv‡e wef³Ñ42 PÆMÖvg †Kvjvi (†ivwn½v) evOvwj †Kvjvi fviZxq †Kvjvi Dwoqv (Dwol¨vi) †Kvjvi †gvUÑ

1,86,327 Rb 15,586 Rb 3,587 Rb 3,527 Rb 2,09,027 Rb

1784 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡mi 31 Zvwi‡L ewg©iv Ryjyg I wbh©vZ‡bi ga¨ w`‡q kvšÍ AvivKv‡bi Avw`evmx‡`i ¯^vaxbZv †K‡o wb‡q Lywk n‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB ewg©ivR †evacvqvi DËim~wiiv 1981 mv‡j G‡m AvivKv‡bi Avw`evmx †ivwn½v Rb‡Mvôx‡K Ô†KvjviÕ A_©vr Ôwe‡`wkÕ e‡j, wbR ˆcwÎK wf‡U-gvwU †_‡K D‡”Q` Kivi hveZxq cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi P‚ovšÍ ch©v‡q G‡m DcbxZ nq| hv mf¨ c„w_ex‡Z †Kv‡bv gvbemgvR †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ †ivwn½v Rb‡Mvôx‡K GKcÖKvi †g‡b wb‡Z n‡”Q| †Kbbv, Zviv gymjgvb| 41.

42.

Government Official Population Census of Arakan in 1931, Union of Burma.

Dhaka Digest, Vol. V, No. 4, 1991, P. 17.

bvd b`xi Icv‡i

45

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48. Ave`yj nK †PŠayix, cÖvPxb AvivKvb †ivqvB½v wn›`y I †eŠ× Awaevmx, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 1994| 48K. B‡Kvbwg÷; gynv¤§` nvmvb kixd, bqvw`MšÍ, cvZv-8, 24 AvM÷ 2017| 49. MvwW©qvb †_‡K bqv w`MšÍ, e„n¯úwZevi, 4 †g 2017| 45.

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