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2. wn›`y Rb‡Mvôxi cÖRbb nvi Kg| 1901 mvj †_‡K wn›`y‡`i cÖRbb nvi g~jZ 25 kZvsk| 1941 mv‡jB Zv GKevi 10%-Gi Dc‡i D‡VwQj| gymjgvb‡`i cÖRbb nvi 1947-Gi ci †_‡KB 20%-Gi Dc‡i| AevK Kivi welq n‡”Q, evsjv‡`‡k wLª÷vb Ges †eŠ× m¤úª`v‡qi msL¨v evo‡Q| GgbKx †kl †mbmv‡m †eŠ× Rb‡Mvôx gymjgvb‡`i †P‡q cÖvq wظY †e‡o‡Q| ag©xq wbh©vZbB hw` RbmsL¨v Kgvi GKgvÎ KviY n‡Zv Zvn‡j †eŠ× Ges wLª÷vb RbmsL¨v evovi †Kv‡bv KviY wQj bv| Zvn‡j evsjv‡`‡k ag©xq wbh©vZb wb‡q wK Avgv‡`i wKQyB ejvi bvB? wbðq Av‡Q| GB mgm¨v Avm‡j †Kv‡bv ag©xq mgm¨v bq| GB mgm¨v Avm‡j ivóª MV‡bi mgm¨v| GKUv mdj ivóª evbv‡Z cvi‡j GB mgm¨v _vK‡Zv bv| Gcvi Ges Icv‡ii †mKz¨jviiv g‡b K‡i, evsjv‡`k‡K mv¤úª`vwqK cÖgvY Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j eywS evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK wn‡m‡e wn›`y ev wn›`y m¤úª`v‡qi Ici AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZ‡bi Avi †Kv‡bv e¨vL¨v †`qv hv‡e bv| wn›`y †h Kvi‡YB wbh©vwZZ †nvK, Zv‡K msL¨vMwiô gymjgv‡bi nv‡Z msL¨vjNy wn›`yi AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb wn‡m‡e e¨vL¨v †hb Ki‡ZB n‡e| wn›`y wbh©vZb gvÎB mv¤úª`vwqKZv cÖgvY Kievi Af¨vm †_‡K Avgv‡`i †ewi‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| wn›`y †h Kvi‡YB wbh©vwZZ †nvK, Zv‡K msL¨vMwiô gymjgv‡bi nv‡Z msL¨vjNy wn›`yi AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb wn‡m‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv hv‡e bv| GUvB Iqvi Ab †Uii †cÖv‡R‡±i eqvb| hvi j¶¨ n‡”Q gymjgvb‡`i ee©i, cia‡g© Amwnòy , wfbœwPšÍvi cÖwZ LoMn¯Í wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv| evsjv‡`‡ki wn›`y‡`i wb‡R‡`i evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK wn‡m‡e wnm¨v `vwe Ki‡Z n‡e| A_P AevK welq, evsjv‡`‡ki wn›`yiv bvMwiK wn‡m‡e bq, eis wn›`y n‡q Avjv`v myi¶vi `vwe Zzj‡Q| wn›`y-†eŠ×-wLª÷vb HK¨ cwil` RbmsL¨vi wfwˇZ evsjv‡`‡k wn›`y‡`i Rb¨ Avjv`v Avmb `vwe K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`k RvZxq wn›`y gnv‡RvU Av‡iv ¯úófv‡e c„_K wbe©vPb e¨e¯’v, c„_K gš¿Yvjq I msm‡` 60wU msiw¶Z Avm‡bi `vwe Rvwb‡q‡Q| GUv fy‡j †M‡j Pj‡e bv, evsjv‡`‡k †h evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x‡`i kvmb Pj‡Q, †mB kvmK‡`i Ask wn‡m‡e wn›`yivI RvZxq msL¨v¸iæ| evOvwj RvwZi Ask wn‡m‡e Zvi m¤úª`vqMZ Ae¯’vb wbh©vwZ‡Zi bq| evsjv‡`‡k †h d¨vwm÷ kvmb RbM‡Yi Ic‡i †P‡c e‡m‡Q, Zvi wfwˇK cÖkœ Ki‡Z bv wkL‡j Avgiv KL‡bvB evsjv‡`k‡K GKUv AMÖmi wicvewjK wn‡m‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z cvi‡ev bv| wn›`y wbh©vZ‡bi dqmvjv †Zv `~‡ii K_v|

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BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

wn›`yiv wK evsjv‡`‡k wbcxwoZ? Ôwn›`yiv evsjv‡`‡k wbcxwoZÕ GUv n‡”Q BwÛqvb eqvb| GB BwÛqvb cwRkb‡K B‡›U‡jKPyqvwj mv‡cvU© K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki evg, †mKz¨jvi I †PZbvRxexiv| BwÛqv evsjv‡`k‡K GKUv AvaywbK wicvwewjK wn‡m‡e bv †`wL‡q bvbv a‡g© wef³ ivóª wn‡m‡e wPšÍv K‡i| †mB iv‡óª bvMwi‡Ki e`‡j wn›`y Avi gymjgvb m¤úª`vq evm K‡i Ges msL¨vMwiô gymjgvbiv wn›`y‡`i Kzwc‡q †`kQvov Ki‡Q| GB eqvb wn›`yZ¡ev`x ivRbxwZ‡Z myweav †`q| evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi d¨vwm÷ Pwi‡Îi Kvi‡Y GB iv‡óªi mKj bvMwiK mgvbfv‡e wbcxwoZ I wbh©vwZÑGB mZ¨Uv‡KI Avovj Kiv hvq| miKv‡ii wPšÍvi evB‡ii ivR‰bwZK wPšÍvi †jv‡Kiv †h wb‡Ri wfUvq †h‡Z cv‡i bv, gv‡S-g‡a¨ †mB mZ¨UvI Avovj n‡q hvq| ¸g, AcniY, µmdvqvi, †Rj-Ryjyg Avi ¸wj‡Z †h msL¨vMwiô gymjgvb m¤úª`vq A‡bK †ewk wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Q, Zvi †h A‡bK †ewk i³ Si‡Q, Rxeb †M‡Q, †mB mZ¨UvI Avovj n‡q hvq| BwÛqvb GB hyw³i c‡¶ Zuviv †h Z_¨ nvwRi K‡i, Zv n‡”QÑ evsjv‡`‡k wn›`y RbmsL¨v Kg‡Q, Zviv †`kZ¨vM Ki‡Q| A_P evsjv‡`‡k wLª÷vb Ges †eŠ× m¤úª`v‡qi msL¨v evo‡Q| GgbKx †kl †mbmv‡m †eŠ× Rb‡Mvôx gymjgvb‡`i †P‡q cÖvq wظY †e‡o‡Q| ag©xq wbh©vZbB hw` RbmsL¨v Kgvi GKgvÎ KviY n‡Zv, Zvn‡j †eŠ× Ges wLª÷vb RbmsL¨v evovi †Kv‡bv KviY wQj bv| Gi KviY Ab¨ †Kv_vI| KjKvZvi eY©-wn›`yiv gymjgvb‡`i mv‡_ _vK‡Z Pvqwb 1947-G| Zuv‡`i mv‡_ ¶gZv fvMvfvwM Ki‡Z Pvqwb| ZvB gymjgvbiv bv PvB‡jI wn›`y‡`i †R‡`i Kvi‡Y evsjv fvM n‡q‡Q| wn›`yiv gymjgv‡bi mv‡_ GK †`‡ki bvMwiK n‡q _vK‡e bv, ZvB Zuv iv †mB mgq †_‡K †`kZ¨vM Ki‡Q| GUv m¤úª`vqMZ m‡PZb wm×všÍ| wKš‘ Gi `vq Pvcv‡Z Pvq evsjv‡`‡ki gymjgvb‡`i Ici| GLv‡b evOvwj gymjgv‡bi †Kv‡bv `vq †bB| fvi‡Zi wn›`yZ¡ev` fviZ ivóª‡K wn›`y‡`i wcZ…f~wg Ges cweÎf~wg e‡j `vwe K‡i| ZvB GB ivóª AfviZxq iv‡óª emevmiZ msL¨vjNy wn›`y‡`i g‡b GKUv weKí bvMwiK‡Z¡i m¤¢vebv Rv¸iæK iv‡L| Zuviv fviZ ivóª‡K Ae‡PZ‡b wb‡Ri cwjwUK¨vj G‡R›U wn‡m‡e fve‡Z _v‡K| fviZ ivóª wn›`yZ¡ev` w`‡q Zuv‡`i GK Zxeª ag©xq RRevq AvKl©Y Ki‡Z _v‡K| GKBfv‡e kÖxj¼vb Zvwgj‡`i fvi‡Z gvB‡MÖk‡bi GKUv †UÛ Av‡Q| †bcvj †_‡K wn›`y‡`i †Zv fvi‡Z gvB‡MÖkb nq bv| KviY ZvivB Zuv‡`i iv‡óª msL¨vMwiô| ÔAvgiv evsjv‡`‡k gymjgv‡bi j‡M wgjvwgkv _vKzgÕ GB wPšÍv wn›`y m¤úª`v‡qi g‡a¨ †hw`b †_‡K ïiæ n‡e, †mw`b evsjv‡`‡k bZzb Rgvbvi ïiæ n‡e| wn›`y wbh©vZ‡bi BwÛqvb †iKW© evwR‡q evsjv‡`‡k cwiw¯’wZi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Avb‡Z cvi‡e bv| GUv hZ ZvovZvwo evg, †mKz¨jvi I †PZbvRxexiv eyS‡e ZZB wn›`y‡`i g½j|

BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

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GB mZ¨ K_vUv wK Rb¨ wcbvKx evg †mKz¨jvi †PZbvevR Avi wke‡mbv‡`i Kv‡Q wn›`ywe‡Ølx n‡q hvq, †mUvB Avð‡h©i welq! GB f~L‡Ð cÖ_g mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v †Kv_vq nq? Avgv‡K A‡bK Av‡M GK AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZv Mjv Kuvwc‡q e‡jwQjÑRv‡bb, Avgv‡`i gqgbwmsn Ggb cÖMwZkxj GjvKv †h, GLv‡b Rxe‡bI KL‡bv mv¤úª`vwqK mgm¨v nqwb? Avwg ejwQjvgÑbv RvbZvg bv, GBgvÎ Rvbjvg| AvR co‡Z co‡Z Rvbjvg, G f~L‡Ði me‡P‡q fqven cÖ_g mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v n‡qwQj 1907 mv‡j Kzwgjøv Avi Rvgvjcy‡i| GB `v½v GZ fqven wQj †h, Bsj¨v‡Ûi nvDm Ae Kg‡Ý G `v½v wb‡q cÖkœ I‡V| KviY Kx wQj Rv‡bb? LyeB A™¢zZ! Ks‡MÖm Kg©xiv `wi`ª gymjgvb‡`i ¯^‡`wk cY¨ e¨env‡i eva¨ KiwQj Avi we‡`wk cY¨ gymjgvb ¶y`ª e¨emvqx‡`i Kv‡Q †_‡K †Rvi K‡i †K‡o wb‡q cywo‡q w`Z| mviv †`‡kB G ai‡bi NUbv N‡UwQj| cywj‡ki bw_ †_‡K Rvbv hvq, 1905 mv‡j ïay b‡f¤^i gv‡mB ewikv‡j we‡`wk cY¨ †Kbvi Aciv‡a ¯^‡`wk Ks‡MÖm Kg©xiv ¯’vbxq gymjgvb‡`i Ici nvgjv K‡i lvU evi| iex›`ªbv‡_i ÔN‡i evB‡iÕ Dcb¨v‡m GB ai‡bi NUbvi D‡jøL Av‡Q| G Dcgnv‡`‡ki mv¤úª`vwqK mgm¨vi Rb¨ wn›`y HwZnvwmK‡`i Zid †_‡K GKZidv gymjgvb‡`i `vqx Kiv nq| Zv‡`i fveLvbv Ggb †h, ÔAvgiv †Zvgv‡`i wcUvB‡ev †Zvgiv e¨_v cvBev †Kb?Õ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †mB †bZv RxweZ †bB, ZvB Zv‡K GUv Rvbv‡Z cvijvg bv| fvi‡Z gymjgvb wbcxob ebvg evsjv‡`‡k wn›`y wbcxob| fvi‡Z gymjgvb wbcxob n‡jI fvi‡Zi gymjgvbiv cvwK¯Ív‡b hvq bv| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡k wn›`y wbcxob n‡j wn›`yiv `‡j `‡j fvi‡Z hvq| †Kb hvq? GB cÖm‡½ Avgv‡`i †mKz¨jvi‡`i eqvb n‡”QÑÔfvi‡Z AvaywbK I cÖMwZkxj gvby‡li kw³kvjx Ae¯’vbÕ Av‡Q ZvB| Lye gRvi welq| nvm‡ev bv Kuv`‡ev eyS‡Z cviwQ bv| fvi‡Z GB AvaywbK I cÖMwZkxj gvby‡li Ae¯’vb GZB kw³kvjx †h, G‡KKwU mv¤úª`vwqK `v½vq nvRvi nvRvi gymwjg †KvZj n‡q hvq| ïay gymwjg bv, †KvZj nq wkL, †KvZj nq `wjZ| Zvic‡iI Ô†giv fviZ gnvbÕ|

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BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

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BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

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GB cuvPwU g~j m~·K e¨vL¨v K‡i 1909 mv‡j wWKkb I †Uv‡ii m¤úv`bvq ev‡iv L‡Ði eB cÖKvwkZ nq| bvg- `¨ dvÛv‡g›Uvjm: G †Uw÷gwb Uz `¨ Uªy_| Gici †_‡KB GB bZzb avivi wLª÷ev`x‡`i dvÛv‡g›Uvwj÷ Ges Zv‡`i gZev`‡K dvÛv‡g›UvwjRg ejv nq| GB wWKkb I †Uv‡iB c‡i †NvlYv K‡ib, Av‡gwiKvi cÖwZôvZv‡`i ag©xq Av`k©B Av‡gwiKvi fvev`k©| Zviv ej‡jb, America was founded by men of faith on Godly principles.

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20

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†KviAvb-mybœvni †Ljvd nq, wmwcweI Ggb †Kv‡bv AR©b Pvqwb 1953-G c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gymwjg jxM‡K civwRZ Kivi D‡Ï¨‡k¨ AvIqvgx jxM, †k‡i-evsjvi K…lKkÖwgK cvwU©, †mvnivIqv`©x, MYZš¿x `j, †bRv‡g Bmjvg cvwU©, KwgDwb÷ cvwU© (wmwcwe), †LjvdZ ieŸvbx cvwU© GKmv‡_ HK¨ M‡o wbe©vPb K‡i| GB d«›U nK-fvmvbx-†mvnivIqv`©xi hy³d«›U bv‡g cwiwPwZ cvq| hy³d«›U wecyj †fv‡U weRqx nq| wmwcwe GB weR‡qi Mí GL‡bv e‡j †eov‡”Q| Avgvi Av‡jvPbvi welq †mUv bq| GB hy³d«‡›Ui GKUv me©m¤§Z †NvlYv wQj, hvi bvg wQj Ô21 `dvÕ| GB 21 `dv cÖKvwkZ nq 1953 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i| GB 21 `dvi bxwZ Kx wQj Rv‡bb? 21 `dvi cÖ_‡gB †mUv †jLv wQj, †hLv‡b ÔwmwcweÕ GKgZ n‡qwQj| AvR AevK n‡eb †mB bxwZ c‡o| 21 `dvi bxwZ: †KviAvb I mybœvi †gŠwjK bxwZi †Ljvd †Kv‡bv AvBb cÖYqb Kiv n‡e bv Ges Bmjv‡gi mvg¨ I åvZ…‡Z¡i wfwˇZ bvMwiKM‡Yi Rxebavi‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e|4 wmwcwe wK GKwU cÖMwZkxj ivR‰bwZK `j? Ggb GKUv wk‡ivbvg †Kb w`‡Z n‡jv, †mUv eyS‡Z n‡j cy‡iv †jLvUv co‡Z n‡e| Avgvi GKRb mv‡eK †dBmeyK eÜz Zv‡K Avb‡d«Û Kiv‡Z gb Lvivc K‡i ÷¨vUvm w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb hw` g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb, Zuv‡K Acgvwb‡Z Kivi Rb¨ Avb‡d«Û K‡iwQ, Zvn‡j †mUv Avgvi Ici AwePvi Kiv n‡e| Avwg KvD‡KB Acgvb Kwi bv| Avgvi kÎæ-wgÎ, KvD‡KB bv| Avwg K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPbv nq‡Zv Kwi, wKš‘ †Kv‡bv A‡_©B gh©v`vnvbx Kwi bv| whwb Avgvi gh©v`vnvbxKi ÷¨vUv‡m jvBK †`b Ges g‡b K‡ib, Avgvi gh©v`vnvbx Zv‡K cxwoZ K‡i‡Q, ZLb Zuvi eÜz ZvwjKv †_‡K Zuvi m¤§vb i¶v‡_© wb‡R‡K cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i wbB| wZwb Avgvi QvÎ Rxe‡bi msMVb QvÎ BDwbq‡bi †bZv wQ‡jb, GLb wmwcweÕi m‡½ Av‡Qb| GB `yB msMVb‡K Avwg Zv‡`i Zid †_‡K AvµvšÍ bv n‡j ÁvbZ KLbB AvNvZ Ki‡ev bv| GUv Av‡eM †_‡KB| wKš‘ †mB ÷¨vUv‡m wZwb Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Qb cÖMwZkxj‡`i Avwg Avb‡d«Û KiwQ| 4.

evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ cÖK…wZ I cÖeYZv: 21 `dv †_‡K 5 `dv; mgvR weÁvb M‡elYv †K›`ª, Ryb 1987, c„ôv: 127|

BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

23

Zuvi e³‡e¨ GKUv cÖkœ g‡b G‡m‡Q| wmwcwe wK GKUv cÖMwZkxj `j? wmwcwe Kiv GKRb wK cÖMwZkxj ivR‰bwZK Kg©x? Bs‡iwR‡Z Ô†cÖv‡MÖwmfÕ-Gi evsjv K‡i Avgiv ewj ÔcÖMwZkxjÕ| evsjv‡`‡ki mKj evgcwš’ wb‡R‡`i cÖMwZkxj e‡j `vwe K‡i| Avm‡j †cÖv‡MÖwmf gv‡b Kx? ivRbxwZ‡Z †cÖv‡MÖwmf gv‡b hviv MÖvRyqvwj †mvk¨vj wid‡g©i c‡¶| †cÖv‡MÖwmfiv wecøe K‡i mvgvwRK cwieZ©b Pvq bv| Zuviv wecøex bq| iæR‡fë, Ievgv, K¨v‡gibÑmevB wb‡R‡K †cÖv‡MÖwmf e‡j `vwe K‡ib| e„‡U‡bi †jevi cvwU© wb‡R‡`i †mvk¨vwj÷ e‡j cwiPq w`‡Z j¾v †cZ, ZvB ZuvivI GKmgq wb‡R‡`i †cÖv‡MÖwmf e‡j cwiPq †`qv ïiæ K‡ib| c„w_exi cÖ_g †cÖv‡MÖwmf Av‡›`vjb nq BD‡iv‡c †n‡M‡ji Abymvix‡`i gva¨‡g| cÖMwZkxjZv me©‡Zvfv‡eB GKwU ey‡R©vqv aviYv| cvðv‡Z¨ cÖMwZkxj ivRbxwZi †h PviwU ¯Í¤¢ Av‡Q e‡j ejv nq, Zv n‡”QÑwd«Wg, AcP©zwbwU, †i¯úwÝwewjwU Ges †Kv-Acv‡ikb| cÖMwZkxjZvi GB AvaywbK aviYv Av‡m Av‡gwiKv †_‡K| Av‡gwiKvb f¨vjy cÖ‡R± A‡bK LiP K‡i †mB cÖ‡R± †_‡K Progressive Thinking: A Synthesis of Progressive Values, Beliefs, and Positions bv‡g eB cÖKvk K‡i| †mB eB‡q cvðvZ¨ cÖMwZkxjZvi Dc‡iv³ msÁvqb Kiv nq| wmwcwe Zuv‡`i †NvwlZ j¶¨ wePv‡i GKwU wecøex `j| Zuviv kÖwgK-†kÖYxi GKbvqKZš¿ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Pvq Ges evsjv‡`‡k Zuviv RvZxq MYZvwš¿K wecøe‡K AvïKZ©e¨ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡ib| me¸‡jvB †Zv wecøex KZ©e¨; GLv‡b mvgvwRK wid‡g©i ¯’vb †Kv_vq? Zvn‡j wb‡R‡`i wecøex bv e‡j, cÖMwZkxj e‡j †NvlYv Kivi KviY Kx? GUv wK †jevi cvwU©i g‡Zv wi‡Wwd‡bkb? NUbvUv †evSv hvq Zuvi GKUv gšÍ‡e¨| wZwb Avgv‡K j¶¨ K‡i †j‡LbÑÔAvwg fv‡jv K‡iB Rvwb Avgvi kÎæ †K? †`k‡`ªvnx ivRvKvi, RvgvZ-wkwei Z_v ag©vÜ, mv¤úª`vwqK Ackw³ Avgvi kÎæ| Avgvi hv wKQy Kg©KvÐ Zv G‡`i weiæ‡× cwiPvwjZ nq|Õ c„w_ex‡Z Ggb †Kv‡bv KwgDwb÷ †bB, hviv kÎæ wn‡m‡e mv¤ªvR¨ev` Ges Zuv‡`i †`kxq †`vmi jy‡Uiv ey‡R©vqv‡`i †NvlYv K‡iwb| KwgDwb÷iv kÖwgK-†kÖYxi wecøex `j nIqvi Kvi‡Y kÖwgK-†kÖYxi mv‡c‡¶ Zuvi kÎæ-wgÎ wba©viY K‡i| eoB `ytL nq, hLb wmwcweÕi wk¶vq wkw¶Z GKRb Gfv‡e Zuvi kÎæ †NvlYv K‡i| Kg‡iW; Avwg bB, AvcwbB c_ nvwi‡q‡Qb| Avcwb Avcbvi Av`k© Ges Av`‡k©i wk¶v nq AvZ¥¯’ Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb A_ev cy‡ivcywi Z¨vM K‡i‡Qb| mwVK c‡_ Avmyb, GKRb KwgDwb‡÷i `„wó‡Z wek¦‡K †`Lyb|

24

BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki we‡ivaxZvq wmwcwe| gIjvbv fvmvbx 1970 mv‡ji 4 wW‡m¤^i XvKvi cëb gq`v‡b GK Rbmfvq Ô¯^vaxb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb-Gi `vwe DÌvcb K‡ib| fvmvbxi GB `vwe‡K wmwcwe mgv‡jvPbv K‡iwQj| gyw³hy× ïiæ nIqvi gvÎ GKgvm Av‡M 1971-Gi 25 †deªæqvwi‡Z wmwcwe (ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©) 5 `dv `vwe †Zv‡j| Zvi Z…Zxq `dvq wZwb †j‡LbÑ ÔRvZxqZvev`x Z_vKw_Z ¯^vaxb c~e© evOjvi bv‡g AevOvwj we‡ivax wRwMi Zzwjqv Ges gIjvbv fvmvbx ¯^vaxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi AvIqvR Zzwjqv RbM‡Yi g‡b cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbM‡Yi we‡ivax g‡bvfve Mwoqv Zzwjqv Ae¯’v‡K Av‡iv RwUj I †Nvjv‡U Kwiqv Zzwj‡Z‡Q|Õ gyw³hy× ïiæi GKgvm Av‡M hLb †MvUv RvwZ ¯^vaxbZvi AvKv•ÿvq Kuvc‡Q, ZLb wmwcweÕi GB wecøex (!) eqv‡bi e¨vL¨v Kx?5 evsjv‡`‡ki evgcwš’‡`i ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× Ae`vb| evsjv‡`‡ki evgcwš’iv e‡jb, Zuv‡`i bvwK ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× A‡bK Ae`vb wQj| cÖL¨vZ evgcwš’ †bZv wbg©j †mb evgcwš’‡`i gyw³hy‡× Ae`vb wb‡q g~j¨vqb K‡iwQ‡jbÑ Ô71-Gi msMÖv‡g Avgv‡`i †Zgb †Kv‡bv BwZevPK f~wgKv wQj bv| Avgiv Avgv‡`i kÖwgK‡`i 71-Gi msMÖv‡g Svwc‡q covi Rb¨ wb‡`©k w`‡qwQjvg wK? Av‡`Š bq| Avwg BwZc~‡e© evievi D‡jøL K‡iwQ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi K_v| G e¨vcv‡i ZLbKvi wewfbœ AvZ¥‡MvcbKvix evgcwš’ `jmn QvÎjx‡Mi †bZvivI Avgv‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j‡Qb| Avgiv evieviB e‡jwQ, ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki iƒc‡iLv Avgiv Rvb‡Z PvB| Avi Avgiv Av‡iKUv cvwK¯Ívb Mo‡Z PvB bv| Avgiv †kvlYgy³ evsjv‡`k PvB| G K_vq Avgv‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv †f‡O †M‡Q| Avgv‡`i f~wgKv IB ch©šÍB| Gic‡i Avgiv †`k ¯^vaxb Kivi wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kwiwb| nvZ-cv ¸wU‡q e‡m †_‡KwQ| 1971 mv‡j msMÖvg ïiæ nIqvi ci Avgiv MÇvwjKv cÖev‡n †f‡m wM‡q gyw³‡hv×v †m‡RwQ| Avgvi Rvbv g‡Z, GUvB wQj †gvUvgywUfv‡e evgcwš’‡`i f~wgKv|Õ6 5. 6.

evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×t `wjjcÎ, wØZxq LÐ, c„ôv: 653-54 wbg©j †mb, Avgvi Revbew›`; BZ¨vw` MÖš’ cÖKvk, †deªæqvwi 2012, c„ôv: 575

BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

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wn›`y gnvmfvi eqvb †Kb gwY wms‡ni gy‡L? 1946 mv‡ji 16 AvM‡÷i fqven `v½vi K_v Avgiv Rvwb| H w`b gymwjg jxM ÔWvB‡i± A¨vKkbÕ Kg©m~wPi WvK w`‡qwQj| Kg©m~wPwU Kvi weiæ‡× wQj? gymwjg jx‡Mi e³e¨ n‡jvÑ IUv wQj weªwUk kvmK‡`i weiæ‡× WvB‡i± A¨vKkb| e„wUk miKvi I K¨vwe‡bU wgkb‡K eywS‡q w`‡Z †P‡qwQj †h, fviZe‡l©i `k †KvwU gymjgvb cvwK¯Ívb `vwe Av`vq Ki‡Z e×cwiKi| wKš‘ Ks‡MÖm I wn›`y gnvmfv D‡ëv eywS‡q ej‡jvÑÔGB Kg©m~wP wn›`y‡`i weiæ‡×Õ| esjv‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷ †bZv gwY wmsnI g‡b K‡ib, IB Kg©m~wP wQj wn›`y‡`i weiæ‡×| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb ZLb gymwjg jx‡Mi gv‡Vi Kg©x| cÖwZw`b cÖwZgyn~‡Z©i NUbvi mv‡_ hy³| fqven `v½vi g‡a¨ Rxe‡bi SyuwK wb‡q KvR K‡i hv‡”Qb| Zvi e³e¨ Avi gwY wms‡ni e³‡e¨i Zdvr AvKvk-cvZvj| gwY wms‡ni Abymvixiv wbðqB g‡b K‡ib, IB msMÖvg wQj wn›`y‡`i weiæ‡×, †hgbUv g‡b K‡i Ks‡MÖm Avi wn›`y gnvmfv| Ks‡MÖm Avi wn›`y gnvmfvi eqv‡bi mv‡_ Kxfv‡e GKRb KwgDwb÷ †bZvi eqvb G‡Kev‡i ûeû wg‡j hvq? 16 AvM‡÷i NUbv m¤ú‡K© `yB †bZvi wfbœ eqvb| cÖ_gUv Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx †_‡K, c‡iiUv Rxeb msMÖvg †_‡K| 29 RyjvB wRbœvn mv‡ne Aj BwÛqv gymwjg jxM KvDwÝj mfv †ev‡¤^ kn‡i AvnŸvb Ki‡jb| A‡_©i Afv‡e Avwg †h‡Z cvijvg bv| wRbœvn mv‡ne 16 AvM÷ Zvwi‡L ÔWvB‡i± A¨vKkb†WÕ †NvlYv Ki‡jb| wZwb wee„wZ gvidZ †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb, kvwšÍc~Y©fv‡e GB w`em cvjb Ki‡Z| weªwUk miKvi I K¨vwe‡bU wgkb‡K wZwb GUv †`Lv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †h, fviZe‡l©i `k †KvwU gymjgvb cvwK¯Ívb `vwe Av`v‡q e×cwiKi| †Kv‡bviKg evavB Zviv gvb‡eb bv| Ks‡MÖm I wn›`y gnvmfvi †bZviv GB ÔcÖZ¨¶ msMÖvg w`emÕ Zv‡`i weiæ‡× †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j wee„wZ w`‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb| Avgv‡`i Avevi WvK co‡jv GB w`bUv myôzfv‡e cvjb Kivi Rb¨| nvwkg mv‡ne Avgv‡`i wb‡q mfv Ki‡jb| Avgv‡`i ej‡jbÑ Ô†Zvgv‡`i gnjøvq gnjøvq †h‡Z n‡e, wn›`y gnjøvqI †Zvgiv hv‡e| †Zvgiv ej‡e, Avgv‡`i GB msMÖvg wn›`y‡`i weiæ‡× bq, weªwU‡ki weiæ‡×, Avmyb Avgiv RvwZ-ag© wbwe©‡k‡l GB w`bUv cvjb Kwi|Õ Avgiv Mvwo‡Z gvBK jvwM‡q †ei n‡q cojvg| wn›`y I gymwjg gnjøvi mgv‡b cÖcvMvÐv ïiæ Kijvg| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv K_v †bB, ÔcvwK¯ÍvbÕ Avgv‡`i `vwe| GB `vwe wn›`yi weiæ‡× bq, weªwU‡ki weiæ‡×| d‡ivqvW© eø‡Ki wKQy †bZv Avgv‡`i e³…Zv I wee„wZ ï‡b gymwjg jxM Awd‡m G‡jb Ges GB w`bUv hv‡Z kvwšÍc~Y©fv‡e wn›`y-gymjgvb GK n‡q cvjb Kiv hvq Zvi cÖ¯Íve w`‡jb|

26

BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

Avgiv ivwR njvg| wKš‘ wn›`y gnvmfv I Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÖcvMvÐvi Kv‡Q Zviv wUK‡Z cvi‡jb bv| wn›`y m¤úª`vq‡K eywS‡q w`‡jb GUv wn›`y‡`i weiæ‡×|Õ7 Ô1946 mv‡ji 16 AvM÷‡K gymwjg jxM ÔcÖZ¨¶ msMÖvg w`emÕ †NvlYv K‡i| msMÖvg wn›`yi weiæ‡×| KjKvZv Ges Ab¨vb¨ RvqMvq †m mgq exfrm mv¤úª`vwqK `v½vi m~ÎcvZ nq|Õ8 wmwcwe 16 AvM÷ m¤ú‡K© †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi e³e¨‡K wK MÖnY K‡i, bvwK K‡i bv? wmwcwe †bZv gwY wmsn †h eqvb w`‡q‡Qb, Zv wn›`y gnvmfvi eqv‡bi mv‡_ ûeû wg‡j hvIqvUv KvKZvjxq bq| wmwcwe HwZnvwmKfv‡e GB f~L‡Ð wn›`y ¯^v‡_©i ivRbxwZ K‡i‡Q| wn›`y ivRbxwZi †h eqvb, †mB eqvb memgq wmwcwei gy‡L †kvbv hvq| bv‡g hvB †nvK, wmwcwe Avm‡j wn›`y gnvmfv Avi Ks‡MÖ‡mi evsjv‡`wk ms¯‹iY ej‡j wK AwZK_b n‡e? wmwcwe wb‡R Kx e¨vL¨v w`‡Z Pvq, Avgiv ïb‡Z PvB| evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm PP©vi Rb¨ GUv Rvbv Riæwi| Kvj© gv·© wK ivwóªq Li‡P cÖv_wgK wkÿvi c‡ÿ wQ‡jb?

7. 8.

Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx †kL gywReyi ingvb, BDwcGj, c„ôv: 63| Rxeb msMÖvg; gwY wmsn, RvZxq mvwnZ¨ cÖKvkbx, c„ôv: 84-85|

BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

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ivóª‡K bvMwiK‡`i cÖv_wgK wk¶vi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z e‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki gyj avivi evgcš’xiv| evg QvÎ msMVb ¸‡jvi cÖ_g Ges cÖavY `vex GUvB| Zviv g‡b K‡ib GBUv GKUv cÖMwZkxj KZ©e¨| A_P †R‡b Avðh© n‡eb Kvj© gv·© Gi †NviZi we‡ivwa wQ‡jb| wZwb GB e¨e¯’v‡KB K…wUK Ae †Mv_v †cÖvMÖv‡g e‡jwQ‡jb ÒAjUz‡M`vi Ae‡RKk‡bejÓ| Kvj© gv·© GB K_vUv Ggwb Ggwb e‡jb bvB| wk¶v gZv`k© †kLv‡bvi RvqMv| GLv‡b ïay w¯‹j bq BwWIjwRI †kLv‡bv nq| ivóª ¶gZvq hw` d¨vwm÷ _v‡K †m PvB‡e GB wkï‡`i d¨vwm÷ gZv`‡k© wkw¶Z Ki‡Z| ZvB iv‡óªi nv‡Z bq mgvR ev KI‡gi nv‡Z GB `vwqZ¡ _vKzK GUvB PvB‡Zb gv·©| Zvn‡j gyjavivi evgcš’xiv wb‡R‡`i gv·©ev`x `vex K‡iI gv·© Gi GB wPšÍvi mv‡_ K›UªvwW± Ki‡Q †Kb? Zvi KviY Giv gv·© c‡owb| G‡`i g‡a¨ gv·© cv‡Vi HwZn¨ bvB| Giv gv·©ev`x bq Giv Avm‡j gWvwb©÷| gWvwb©Rg n‡”Q cywRev‡`i fvev`k©| Giv gv·© Gi bvg wb‡q gv·© Gi weiæ‡×B Kvgvb `v‡M| hviv gv·© cvV K‡i‡Q Avi GB welq¸‡jv ey‡S ZK© †Zvjvi ¶gZv iv‡L, evsjv`‡ki gyjavivi evgcš’xiv Zv‡`i evg gn‡j eªvZ¨ K‡i iv‡L| Zv‡`i‡K cÖwZwµqvkxj e‡j wPwb‡q †`q| Kx Zvgvkv!!

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BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

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BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

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BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

6. c~e© evOjvq Z‡jvqvi w`‡q Bmjvg Kv‡qg nqwb| Bmjvg Kv‡q‡gi †bZv wQj cwikÖgx wKQy gvbyl, hviv c~e©e‡½ †jvKvqZ Bmjvg Ges K…wli cÖeZ©b GKBm‡½ K‡i‡Qb| wKQy †Rvi-Rei`w¯Í wbðq n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †mUvB c~e©e‡½ Bmjvg cÖmv‡ii wba©viK KviY bq| GB mZ¨Uv wiPvW© BUb cÖgvY K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| GB mZ¨ MÖnY Ki‡j wn›`y‡`i civR‡qi Møvwb‡Z †fvMvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e bv| gymjgvb‡`i AvZ¥Me©x n‡q Aci m¤úª`vq‡K Zvw”Qj¨ Ki‡Z n‡e bv| GB Dcjwä evsjv‡`‡k Lye `iKvi| evOvwj RvwZi `yB ag© m¤úª`vq‡K KvQvKvwQ Avbvi Rb¨ BwZnv‡mi aywj-evwj mwi‡q m‡Z¨i D‡b¥vPb Riæwi| e‡½ Bmjvwg weRq †Kb fv‡qv‡j›U nqwb Bmjvg weR‡qi hy‡M †m‡gwUK Bmjvg‡K Kbd«›U K‡i‡Q ¯’vbxq ms¯‹…wZ¸‡jv| †e½jI K‡i‡Q; wKš‘ me‡P‡q †KŠZ~n‡jvÏxcK n‡jv, †e½‡j GB Kbd«‡›UkbUv fv‡qv‡j›U nqwb eis n‡q‡Q mgvRms¯‹vi Avi cÖ_g gvbeZvev`x avivi D™¢e| Kbd«‡›UkbUv n‡q‡Q †cÖg I fw³ev‡`| †KD †KD GUv‡K e‡jb, †e½‡ji cÖ_g †i‡bmuv| Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡b Rb¥ †bqv GKw`‡K kÖx‰PZ‡b¨i wn›`y fw³ev`, Ab¨w`‡K gymwjg gigx mydx-mvaK‡`i Ava¨vwZ¥K gvbeZvev` evsjvi †MvUv mgvR Rxeb‡K D¾xweZ K‡i Zz‡jwQj| wn›`y a‡g©i gvbweK ms¯‹vi n‡qwQj| †MvovcËb n‡qwQj GK bZzb mgš^qag©x ms¯‹…wZi| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Rb¨ G‡mwQj †mmgq ¯^Y© hyM| e¯‘Z GB mgqKvj †_‡KB evOvwji Rxe‡b GB D`vi mgš^qag©x gvbeZvev`x aviv cÖevwnZ n‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQj hvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq †m Kv‡ji wn›`y gymjgvb Kwe‡`i iPbvq| Ôï‡bv gvbyl fvB mevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i bvBÕ c‡bi kZ‡Ki ˆeòe Kwe PwÐ`v‡mi GB Agi evYx‡Z c„w_ex cÖ_g †kv‡b gvbeZvev‡`i RqMvb| wVK GKBfv‡e m‡Zi kZ‡Ki gymwjg Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg iwPZ Ôb~ibvgvÕq GK D`vi mgš^qag©x gZv`‡k©i cÖwZdjb †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| Avãyj nvwKg b~ibvgvq wj‡LwQ‡jbÑÔqvjøv (Avjøvn) †Lv`v-†MuvmvB mKj Zvb (Zuvi) bvg me©¸‡Y wbiÄb cÖfz ¸Yavg|Õ GB BwZnvm †_‡K Avgv‡`i wk¶v †bqv Riæwi| evOjvq Bmjv‡gi Avwef©ve Avi mgv‡R †mB a‡g©i AwfNv‡Zi †mB BwZnvm fz‡j Avgiv †KD †KD A‡b¨i ˆZwi Kiv eqv‡b evOjvi Bmjvg‡K g~j¨vqb KiwQ| wewbwg©Z †mB fzj BwZnvm Avgv‡`i bq|

BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

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evsjv fvlv I gymjgvb‡`i Ae`vb| evOjvi gymwjg weRq evsjv fvlv‡K D”PZi mvwn‡Z¨i Avm‡b DwbœZ Ki‡Z g~j f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| `x‡bk P›`ª †mb Zuvi ÔHistory of Bengali Language and Literature’-G wj‡L‡QbÑ ‘This elevation of Bengali to a literary status was brought about by several influences, of which the Mahammadan conquest was undoubtedly one of the foremost. If the Hindu Kings had continued to enjoy independence, Bengali would scarcely have got an opportunity to find its way to the courts of Kings.’

Ô†h K‡qKwU cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y evsjv fvlv D”PZi mvwn‡Z¨i ¯Í‡i DwbœZ n‡q‡Q, Zvi g‡a¨ wbtm‡›`‡n me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv gymwjg weRq| hw` wn›`y ivRviv ¯^vaxbfv‡e Zv‡`i ivRZ¡ Pvjv‡Z cvi‡Zv, Z‡e evsjv ivR`iev‡i †gv‡UB cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM †cZ bv|Õ `x‡bk P›`ª †mb Av‡iv ej‡Qb, Ôgymjgvbiv GBfv‡e ev½vjv fvlv‡K mycÖwZwôZ Kwiqv Avgv‡`i mvwn‡Z¨ GK b~Zb hyM Avbqb Kwi‡jb| gymjgvb AvMg‡bi c~‡e© e½fvlv †Kv‡bv K…lK igYxi g‡Zv `xbnxb †e‡k cjøx KzwU‡i evm Kwi‡ZwQj|Õ (`x‡bk P›`ª †mb, ÔcÖvPxb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gymjgvb‡`i Ave`vbÕ) cÖg_ †PŠayix wj‡L‡QbÑ ÔBengali literature was born in Mahommaden Age.Õ A_©vr, Ôevsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Rb¥ gymwjg hy‡M|Õ nicÖmv` kv¯¿xI D‡jøL Ki‡Qb, ÔAvgv‡`i evsjv wefw³ ÔivÕ I Ô‡`iÕ gymjgvb‡`i KvQ nB‡Z jIqv| ZvQvov, Avgiv Kx K‡i fz‡j hvB PZz`k © kZvãxi gymjgvb myjZvb Ges ivRcyiæl‡`i K_v, hv‡`i c„ô‡cvlKZvq evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GK †MŠiegq Aa¨vq iwPZ nq?Õ wfb‡`kx kvm‡Kiv evOjv‡K fvj‡e‡m ey‡K Zz‡j †bqv‡Z evOjvi gh©v`v evoj| ¯’vbxq kvm‡Kiv Ges evOjvi wn›`y ivRvivI ivR`iev‡i evsjv e¨envi ïiæ Ki‡jb| AvR‡K †h evsjv fvlvq K_v ewj, Zvi D™¢e ev m„wóB n‡qwQj gymjgvb‡`i Ae`v‡b, GUv AvR‡K mKv‡j Avgvi ÷¨vUv‡m K‡g›U Kivq A‡b‡K P‡U‡Qb| Avmyb evsjv fvlvi Drm wb‡q wKQy Avjvc Kwi| me‡P‡q cÖvPxbZg †h evsjv fvlvi wb`k©b Zv Ph©vc`| Ph©vc` wQj †kŠi‡mbx cÖfvweZ AwZ Avw`g evsjv, hLb evsjv fvlvi MVb myw¯’i wQj bv| GL‡bv Ph©vc‡`i fvlv evsjv wKbv Zv wb‡q GKv‡Wwgwkqvbiv ZK© K‡ib| G wel‡q ¯^qs mybxwZKzgvi e‡j‡Qb, Ph©vc‡`i fvlv evsjvB, Zey mskq †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gn‡j †_‡KB †Mj| Ph©vi †kl c`vejx¸‡jv iwPZ n‡qwQj 1200 mvj ch©šÍ|

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myw¯’Z Avw` evsjvq cÖ_g iPbv eoy PÐx`v‡mi kÖxK…òKxZ©b hv iwPZ n‡qwQj PZz`©k †_‡K cÂ`k kZ‡K, gymjgvb kvmb ZLb ga¨MM‡b| evsjv fvlv gymjgv‡bi m„wó GUv Avgvi K_v bq; `x‡bkP›`ª †m‡bi K_v| wZwb Kx wj‡LwQ‡jb †mUv †`LybÑ Ògymjgvb AvMg‡bi c~‡e© e½fvlv †Kv‡bv K…lK igYxi b¨vq `xbnxb †e‡k cjøx KzwV‡i evm Kwi‡ZwQj| ev½vjv fvlv gymjgvb cÖfv‡ei c~‡e© AZxe Abv`i I D‡c¶vq e½xq Pvlvi Mv‡b K_wÂZ AvZ¥cÖKvk Kwi‡ZwQj| cwЇZiv bm¨v`vi †_‡K bm¨ MÖnY K‡i wkLv †`vjvBqv ms¯‹…Z †køv‡Ki Ave„wË Ki‡Z wQ‡jb Ges ÔˆZjvavi cvÎÕ wKsev ÔcÎvavi ˆZjÕ GB jBqv †Nvi wePv‡ii cÖe„Ë wQ‡jb| †mLv‡b e½fvlvi ¯’vb †Kv_vq? BZ‡ii fvlv ewjqv e½fvlv‡K cwÐZgÐjx `~i `~i Kwiqv ZvovBqv w`‡Zb, nvwo-†Wv‡gi ¯úk© nB‡Z eªvþ‡Yiv †hiƒc `~‡i _v‡Kb e½fvlv †ZgbB myax mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q AcvO‡&&³q wQj †Zgwb N„Yv, Abv`vi I D‡c¶vi cvÎ wQj| wKš‘ nxivKqjvi Lwbi g‡a¨ _vwKqv †hgb Rûixi A‡c¶v Kwiqv _v‡K, e½fvlv †ZgbB †Kv‡bv ïfw`b, ïf¶‡Yi Rb¨ cÖZx¶v Kwi‡ZwQj| gymjgvb weRq ev½vjv fvlvi †mB ïfw`b, ïf¶‡Yi my‡hvM Avbqb Kwij| e½-mvwnZ¨‡K GKiƒc gymjgv‡bi m„wó ewj‡jI AZz¨w³ nB‡e bv|Ó c`©v cÖ_v I bvix| Avwg †ek wKQyw`b Av‡M wj‡LwQjvg, c`©v cÖ_v GK‡PwUqv Avi‡ei ms¯‹…wZ bq| fviZe‡l© my`~i AZxZ †_‡KB c`©v cÖ_v wQj| GB c`©v cÖ_v‡K A‡b‡K cyiælZvwš¿K Ryjyg e‡j cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Pvb| Avgvi g‡b nq, GB mijxK…Z cwðgv Dcmsnvi‡K cÖkœ Kiv hvq| Avgv‡`i f~L‡Ð bvixiv cÖPÐ ¯^vaxb‡PZv Ges Zv‡`i Ic‡i †Kv‡bv wKQyB Pvwc‡q †`qv m¤¢e bq; hw` bv Zviv wb‡RivB †mUv MÖnY K‡i| Zviv wb‡R‡`i g‡Zv cÖwZ‡iva Avi cÖwZev‡`i fvlv ˆZwi K‡i| hw` Avcwb †mB fvlv co‡Z cv‡ib, Zvn‡j †mB cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Mí Avcbv‡K PgrK…Z Ki‡e| Avcwb bvix mgm¨v‡K wfbœ `„wó‡Z †`L‡Z PvB‡eb| Avwg Avcbv‡`i BwZnvm †_‡K bvix‡`i cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wZb‡U D`vniY †`‡ev| cwðgv ms¯‹…wZ Avgv‡`i cyiæl‡`i †cvkvK ch©šÍ e`‡j w`‡q‡Q| Avgiv †ewkifvM cyiæliv Avb›`wP‡Ë †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡iva QvovB cwðgv †cvkvK MÖnY K‡iwQ| bvixiv Zv‡`i kvwo wKš‘ Qv‡owb| KIwg gv`ivmvI Zv‡`i †cvkvK Qv‡owb|

BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

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BwZnv‡mi ay‡jvKvwj

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