WHERE THE FJORD MEETS TERRITORY– UNFOLDING OVERLAPPING URBAN PERSPECTIVES

Guðrún Jóna Arinbjarnardóttir

WHERE THE FJORD MEETS TERRITORY – UNFOLDING OVERLAPPING URBAN PERSPECTIVES

WATER AS “PHENOMENAL LENS”

“Water can be looked upon as a “phenomenal lens” with powers of reflection, spital reversal, refraction, and the transformation of rays of light.An attention to phenomenal properties of the transformation of light through material can present poetic tools for making spaces of exhilarating perceptions. Reflection phenomena produce a particular magic in architecture that is adjacent to or incorporates water.”

-Questions of perception

TERRITORY AS A EXPERIENTAL CONTINUUM - foreground, middle ground, and distant views

The overlap of foreground, middle ground and distant view is a critical issue in the creation of architectural space. It’s important to consider space, light, color, geometry, detail and material as an experiental continuum.

Synthesis of foreground, middle ground and distant view, together with all the subjective qualities of material and light, from the basis of “complete perception” – it ties perspective to detail and material to space.

-Questions of perception

WHERE THE FJORD MEETS THE TERRITORY SEA CONNECTION

GULLFJELLET INDRE ARNA

GARNES

ESP

HAUKELANDSVATNE SØRFJORDEN

ARNAVÅGEN

STORELVA

STEMMEVATNET

EXISTING BUILDING CLUSTERS

INDUSTRY

FARMLAND -SHOULD BE PROTECTED

BLINDHEIMSELVA GAVE BIRTH TO YTRE ARNA ULRIKEN

PELAND

YTRE ARNA

ET GAMSEBOTSTJØRNA

SPÅKEVATNET

BLINDHEIMSELVA

GAUPÅSVATNET

BEITELSVATNET

TRANSITION DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -MOUNTAINS -HOUSING MIDDLE GROUND -STEEP TERRITORY -HOUSING -TREES NARROW/STEEP FOREGROUND WITH TREES-BARRIER/SHELTER MAIN ROAD -YTRE ARNA -INDRE ARNA NARROW FOREGROUND WITH OPENING OUT INTO THE WATER SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING TREES -BARRIER/SHELTER PATHWAY DOWN STEEP TERRITORY ROAD -HOUSING -WORK STEEP HOUSING AREA BOAT HOUSE -SEA CONNECTION MIDDLE GROUND DISTANT VIEWS

MIDDLE GROUND

DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -HOUSING -CENTRUM MIDDLE GROUND -STEEP TERRITORY -PATHWAYS -HOUSING -WORK NARROW FOREGROUND -HOUSING -WORKING AREA -BOAT HOUSING

NARROW FOREGROUND WITH OPENINGS ROADS AND PATHWAYS -HOUSING -WORK BECAUSE OF STEEP TERRATORY PRIVAT HOUSING MAIN ROAD -INDRE ARNA -ÅSANE YTRE ARNA CENTRUM NÆRINGSPARK ARNA -GOOD HARBOR/SEA CONNECTIONA TRANSITION RIVER/SEA MIDDLE GROUND

MIDDLE GROUND

MAIN ROAD

FOREGROUND

DISTANT VIEWS

NARROW POINT DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -HOUSING -FOREST MIDDLE GROUND -STEEP TERRITORY -HOUSING -INFASTRUCTURE -TREES NARROW/STEEP FOREGROUND WITH BOAT HOUES, TREESBARRIER/SHELTER MIDDLE GROUND NARROW, STEEP FOREGROUND MIDDLE GROUND ROAD -HOUSING MULTIPLE UNIT HOUSING SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING ROAD -HOUSING -WORK TREES -BARRIES/SHELTER OLD RAILWAY

DISTANT VIEWS

MIDDLE GROUND

MAIN ROAD

DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -HOUSING -SPRUCE AND PINE FOREST MIDDLE GROUND -STEEP TERRITORY -INFRASTRUCTURE -HOUSING -WORK NARROW FOREGROUND -HOUSING -WORKING AREA -BOAT HOUSING ACCESS ROAD MIDDLE GROUND ROADS -HOUSING -BOAT AREA MARINA FOREGROUND -STRONG WATER CONNECTION TREES -BARRIER/SHELTER ARCHEOLOGICAL PLACE HOUSING MIDDLE GROUND

MIDDLE GROUND

FOREGROUND

MAIN ROAD

THRESHOLD DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -MOUNTAINS -HOUSING MIDDLE GROUND -STEEP TERRITORY -HOUSING -TREES NARROW FOREGROUND WITH BOAT HOUSES, WORKPLACES AND TREES-BARRIER/SHELTER. LACK OF CONNECTION TO WATER HUSØY GLASS DA NARROW FOREGROUND HARBOR AREA, INDUSTRY SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING WITH BIG GARDEN MIDDLE GROUND ROAD -HOUSING -WORK MULTIPLE FAMILY HOUSING STEEP TERRITORY WITH TREES -BARRIER/SHELTER OLD RAILWAY DISTANT VIEWS

MIDDLE GROUND

GRØNSKJERET MAIN ROAD

DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -SPRUCE FOREST - FARMALND -MOUNTAINS MIDDLE GROUND -INFRASTRUCTURE -TREES -HOUSING -WORK WIDE FOREGROUND -HOUSING -WORKING AREA -BOAT HOUSING TREES -BARRIER/SHELTER POSSIBLE CHANGE - FOREGROUND MIDDLE GROUND PRIVAT HOUSING OH BETONG AS WIDE/SPREAD FOREGROUND YTRE ARNA VEGEN, ROAD -WORK -HOUSING MIDDLE GROUND

MIDDLE GROUND

FOREGROUND

MAIN ROAD RUNDTEBEKKEN

THRESHOLD DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -MOUNTAINS -HOUSING MIDDLE GROUND -STEEP TERRITORY -HOUSING -INFRASTRUCTURE -TREES. FUTURE CENTRUM ARNA NARROW FOREGROUND WITH BOAT HOUSES, WORKPLACES AND TREESBARRIER/SHELTER FUTURE OFFICE FUTURE SUPERMARKET CHEMICALS FOR OIL INDUSTRY SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING NARROW FOREGROUND -BOATS TREES -BARRIER/SHELTER SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING WAREHOUSE MAIN ROAD -INDRE ARNA -GARNES OLD RAILWAY DISTANT VIEWS

MIDDLE GROUND

MAIN ROAD

DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -FOREST -MOUNTAINS MIDDLE GROUND -INFRASTRUCTURE -TREES WIDE FOREGROUND -HOUSING -FARMLAND -BATHING AREA

PRIVAT HOUSING POSSIBLE CHANGE - FOREGROUND ROADS -HOUSING -WORK

TREES -SHELTER HOLMEN -BATHING AREA WIDE FOREGROUND FARMLAND MIDDLE GROUND

FOREGROUND

MIDDLE GROUND

HOLMEN MAIN ROAD SKAFFARVIKA

THRESHOLD DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -MOUNTAINS -HOUSING -FOREST MIDDLE GROUND -STEEP TERRITORY -HOUSING -WORK -INFRASTRUCTURE -TREES. FUTURE CENTRUM ARNA NARROW FOREGROUND WITH BOAT HOUSES, AND TREES-BARRIER/ SHELTER TREES -BARRIER/SHELTER NARROW FOREGROUND MERGING INTO NEW CENTRUM OF ARNA PRINTER SHOP, GROUP TRAINING ON RECYCLE, WAREHOUSE, BAKERY ASPHALT MAKING OLD RAILWAY NEW CENTRUM OF ARNA ROAD -WORK -NEW CENTUM ARNA OIL DRILLING PECES, CARPENTER SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING BOAT HOUSES DISTANT VIEWS

MIDDLE GROUND

MAIN ROAD

DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -SPRUCE FOREST -MOUNTAINS MIDDLE GROUND -INFRASTRUCTURE -TREES -PRIVAT HOUSING SLOPED FOREGROUND -TREES -BOAT HOUSES

TREES -BARRIER/SHELTER FOREST -PLANTED SPRUCE ROADS -HOUSING TREES -BARRIER MIDDEL GROUND PRIVAT HOUSING NARROW FOREGROUND MAIN ROAD -INDRE/YTRE ARNA -OSLO BOAT HOUSING -CONNECTION TO WATER MIDDLE GROUND

FOREGROUND

MAIN ROAD

POOL DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -MOUNTAINS -HOUSING -FOREST MIDDLE GROUND -HOUSING -WORK -INFRASTRUCTURE -TREES -PATHWAYS WIDE AND OPEN FOREGROUND -MARINA -CONNECTION TO BERGEN/TRAIN PRIVAT HOUSING IN-BETWEEN ROADS OLD RAILWAY TREES -BARRIER -SHELTER OPEN AREA ROAD -HOUSING -WORK SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING -GARDEN MAIN ROAD -INDRE ARNA -GARNES PATHWAY TOWARD HOUSING OLD RAILWAY TREES -BARRIER/SHELTER DISTANT VIEWS

MIDDLE GROUND

MAIN ROAD

DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -SPRUCE AND PINE FOREST -MOUNTAINS MIDDLE GROUND -INFRASTRUCTURE -TREES -PRIVAT HOUSING NARROW SLOPED FOREGROUND -TREES -BARRIER/SHELTER -INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSITION - RIVER/SEA POSSIBLE CHANGE - FOREGROUND ROADS -HOUSING -WORK PRIVAT HOUSING MIDDEL GROUND TREES -BARRIER/SHELTER NARROW FOREGROUND MAIN ROAD -INDRE/YTRE ARNA -OSLO MIDDEL GROUND

MIDDLE GROUND

FOREGROUND

MAIN ROAD

TRANSITION DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -MOUNTAINS -FOREST -ULRIKEN MIDDLE GROUND -SHOPPING -WORK -INFRASTRUCTURE -BERGEN/TRAIN -PARKING WIDE AND OPEN FOREGROUND -MARINA -SHOPPING CENTER -GAS STATION SHOPPING AREA -WORKPLACE POSSIBLE CHANGE - FOREGROUND PARKING -BARRIER MAIN ROAD -INDRE ARNA -GARNES MIDDLE GRAOUND OPEN AND WIDE FOREGRAOUND WALKING PATHWAY -TUNNEL MARINA -CONNECTION TO WATER SLOPE

DISTANT VIEWS

MIDDLE GROUND

MAIN ROAD

MIDDLE GROUND

DISTANT VIEWS -STEEP TERRITORY -SPRUCE AND PINE FOREST -MOUNTAINS MIDDLE GROUND -INFRASTRUCTURE -TREES -PRIVAT HOUSING -WORK NARROW FOREGROUND THAT OPENS UP -TREES -BARRIER/ SHELTER -INFRASTRUCTURE -SHOPPING -PUBLIC SPACES RIVER BARRIER/BUILDING OVER RIVER INDUSTRY -WORKPLACE -SHOPPING MOUNTAIN -SPRUCE FOREST TREES -BARRIER/SHELTER POSSIBLE CHANGE - FOREGROUND TRANSITION RIVER/SEA NARROW FOREGROUND THAT OPENS UP AND GOES OVER RIVER MAIN ROAD -INDRE/YTRE ARNA -OSLO ROAD -HOUSING -WORK FOREGROUND

MAIN ROAD

IDENTIFYING EXISTING ISLAND IN ARNA’S TERRITORY The discovered islands are connected to the nexus space of roads and pathways. They are islands because they are disconnected to their surroundings. The main road, trees, parking and water functions as a barrier because these structures have not been included in the design prosess of these buildings/islands.

All of the discovered islands should have connection to water, if not the sea then the river that flows down the valley. But this factor in the territory has not been taken into consideration when planing the urban fabric in Arna.

TRAVELING BETWEEN ISLANDS IN ARNA’S TERRITORY

The walking path.

Passing trough the Interconnection island from the underground capsule.

Entering the Creed island. Fixed island.

Car park barrier.

Going out of the Mini-Mall island and entering the capsule to access the Interconnection Island. Traveling over barriers.

Trainstation capsule that sets you free to go on to another place.

Going into the Mini-Mall island or going out to the sea. There is no connection between the sea and the Mini-Mall.

Road and car park barriers.

Disconnection to sea and water.

THE NEED FOR CONNECTION TO WATER ARCTIC OCEAN

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ATLANTIC OCEAN

SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

INDIAN OCEAN

SOUTHERN OCEAN Water covers 71% of the Earth’s

surface and the oceans contain 97.2% of Earth’s water. The Antarctic ice sheet, contains 90% of all fresh water on Earth, Norway is part of the Arctic region. Condensed atmospheric water can be seen as clouds, contributing to the Earth’s albedo.

Norway comprises the western part of Scandinavia in Northern Europe. The rugged coastline, broken by huge fjords and thousands of islands, stretches 25,000 kilometres and

BARENTS SEA NORWEGIAN SEA NORTH SEA

SKAGERRAK

83,000 kilometres including fjords and islands. To the north,

EN BYFJORD

NORWEGIAN SEA

EN RD

O FJ

R SØ

west and south, Norway is bordered by the Barents Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea and Skagerrak.

Norwegian settlement is mostly based on harbor connection. Beginning of settlement and expansion of Ytre Arna is because of the connection to the sea and good harbor. In the old days Ytre Arna was called Ælvæ after Blindheimselva which was really visible before the industry was established. This is a very important part of Arna’s history and identity.

Sea connections in this area is a crucial part of future development to establish Arna’s new identity.

BERGEN

ARNA

LOCAL QUALITIES OF THE FJORD RD JO RF SØ

DEEP SEA- UP TO 550M DEPTH

TRANSITION RIVER/SEA

EN

DEEP SEA -UP TO 250M DEPTH

YTRE ARNA

NARROW POINT -POTENTIAL NATURAL CONNECTION OVER THE FJORD

THRESHOLD -SHALLOW WATER 2-3 -WILND CHANNELISED

STEMMEVATNET

SPÅKEVATNET

POOL- 10M DEPTH -LOW CIRCULATION OF WATER TRANSITION RIVER/SEA -FRESHWATER MEETS SALT WATER -LESS SEAWEEDS -SHALLOW WATER

N VÅGE ARNA

YTRE ARNA

INDRE ARNA

BLINDHEIMSELVA GAVE BIRTH TO YTRE ARNA INDRE ARNA

The fjord has a lot of potential in terms of natural resources and aquaculture.

The natural resources can be used to activate the old industries and could give old building structures new life in the area where the river streems to sea, a transition of river and sea happens in this area which makes possibilities to produce energy. These places can be applied into public spaces that are connected to the urban fabric of Arna.

The river in Indre Arna is the biggest salmon river in Norway, that is a tourist attraction for Arna.

WHERE THE FJORD MEETS THE TERRITORY FORMING A PUBLIC AREA FOR OUTDOOR ACTIVITY

CREATING CONTRAST BETWEEN EAST AND THE WEST SIDE OF ARNAVÅGEN

CONNECTING THE URBAN FABRIC OF ARNA TO THE WATER WITH A PATHWAY ALONG THE FJORD

STRENGTHENING ARNA’S WATER IDENTITY

CONNECTING EXISTING BUILDING CLUSTERS TOGETHER OVER AND UNDER THE NARROW POINT IN ARNAVÅGEN

ENCOURAGE NON FOSSIL FUEL DEPENDANT TRANSPORTATION

MAKING RELIEVING ARCHIPELAGOS ALONG THE PATHWAY

BICYCLE & WALKING PATH - ALONG THE SEA AND RIVER WITH A BRIDGE OVER THE FJORD TO ATTACH INDRE ARNA TO YTRE ARNA + BICYCLE TUNNEL TROUGH ULRIKEN PEDESTRIAN- & VEHICLE BRIDGE TO CREATE STRONGER BOND BETWEEN YTRE- AND INDRE ARNA (8KM) AND TO GENERATE CONTRAST BETWEEN THE WEST- AND THE EAST SITE OF THE FJORD CA.300600M

BICYCLE TUNNEL TROUGH ULRIKEN -TO ESTABLISH STRONGER SUSTAINABLE CONNECTION BETWEEN BERGEN AND ARNA 7 KM

BICYCLE- & WALKING PATH WITH CONNECTION TO THE SEA TO GARNESTANGEN &GARNES BICYCLE- & WALKING PATH CONNECTED TO THE SEA IN A CIRCLE OVER THE BRIDGE 6 KM

BICYCLE AND WALKING PATH THAT IS CONNECTED TO THE NEW CENTRUM OF ARNA AND ACTIVITIES ALONG THE FJORD BICYCLE- & WALKING PATH CONNECTED TO THE RIVERSCAPE 4 KM AND LIGHT RAILWAY FROM GARNES TO ESPELAND 9 KM

The bicycle tunnel are attached to the path along the water as well as the train station that is a stopping point for people traveling trough Arna. The bridge an the pathway creates a better flow between the built area of Ytreand Indre Arna, at the same time as this makes contrast between the west- and east site of Arnavågen. The west site is more rural and the east is connected to infrastructure, housing and public spaces along the sea. This circle of outdoor flow has smaller programs happening along the path like bathing sites into the water, market in the new centrum of Arna and gathering place on the bridge.

LACK OF URBAN FABRIC IN BERGEN REGION WITH DIRECT CONNECTION TO WATER AND SEA, WHERE PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN STRUCTURES ARE WORKING WITH THE SEA AND WATER CONNECTION.

Then the pathway expands along the river to Espeland where there is important and interesting fishlife is to be seen. It‘s important that this walking path along the sea and the river is connected to the light railway.

The light railway is reviving the old existing railway that is not in use today and would be all the way to Nestun and Garnes. Then the pathway also exstands along to Garnestangen and further to Garnes.

WHERE THE FJORD MEETS THE TERRITORY - CONNECTION TO OTHER PROJECTS

WHERE THE FJORD MEETS THE TERRITORY THE CARVED PATH WILL OPEN UP IN DIFFERENT LEVELS AND DIRECTIONS TO CREATE VARIETY OF EXPERIENCES ALONG THE FJORD

TO FUSE SITE, CIRCUMSTANCE AND HAVE MULTIPLICITY OF PHENOMENA THE ORGANIZING IDEA IS TO USE THE CARVE THE PATH ALONG THE FJORD INTO THE NARROW FOREGROUND AS A DRIVING CONCEPT THE CARVED PATH WILL VARY HORIZANTALLY AND VERTICALLY

CREATE SERIES OF SENSING THE TERRITORY, THE FJORD, THE WATER, THE DISTANT VIEWS THROUGH THE POWER OF NATURAL FORCES

CUT DOWN AND CLEAN THE PLANTED SPRUCE FOREST IN THE TERRITORY – USE IT AS A MATERIAL IN AND ON THE PATH TO GET THE SMOOTH SURFACE OF THE WOOD UP AGAINST THE ROUGH BEDROCK

OVER AND UNDER WATER

CONNECTING EXISTING BUILDING CLUSTERS TOGETHER OVER AND UNDER THE NARROW POINT IN ARNAVÅGEN

CREATING UNDER WATER EXPERIENCE ALONG THE PATHWAY, SMALL BOATS CAN GO OVER AND PEOPLE CAN SEE THE AQUACULTURE

CUT DOWN AND CLEAN THE PLANTED SPRUCE FOREST IN THE TERRITORY – USE IT AS A MATERIAL IN AND ON THE PATH TO GET THE SMOOTH SURFACE OF THE WOOD UP AGAINST THE ROUGH BEDROCK

RELIEVING ARCHIPELAGOS

THE RELIEVING ARCHIPELAGOS ARE THE ISLANDS THAT THIS PATH IS CONNECTING TOGETHER ALONG THE FJORD

URBAN SIDE

EXISTING BATHING AREA THAT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE BETTER AND DESIGN IN THE RURAL TERRITORY

CUT DOWN AND CLEAN THE PLANTED SPRUCE FOREST IN THE TERRITORY – USE IT AS A MATERIAL IN AND ON THE PATH TO GET THE SMOOTH SURFACE OF THE WOOD UP AGAINST THE ROUGH BEDROCK

RURAL SIDE FARMLAND THAT SHOULD BE PROTECTED