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WHERE THE FJORD MEETS TERRAIN Fjordscapes
THE NEED FOR CONNECTION TO WATER ARCTIC OCEAN
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
INDIAN OCEAN
SOUTHERN OCEAN Water covers 71% of the Earth’s
surface and the oceans contain 97.2% of Earth’s water. The Antarctic ice sheet, contains 90% of all fresh water on Earth, Norway is part of the Arctic region. Condensed atmospheric water can be seen as clouds, contributing to the Earth’s albedo. Norway comprises the western part of Scandinavia in Northern Europe. The rugged coastline, broken by huge fjords and thousands of islands, stretches 25,000 kilometres and
BARENTS SEA NORWEGIAN SEA NORTH SEA
SKAGERRAK
83,000 kilometres including fjords and islands. To the north,
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NORWEGIAN SEA
EN RD
O FJ
R SØ
west and south, Norway is bordered by the Barents Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea and Skagerrak. Norwegian settlement is mostly based on harbor connection. Beginning of settlement and expansion of Ytre Arna is because of the connection to the sea and good harbor. In the old days Ytre Arna was called Ælvæ after Blindheimselva which was really visible before the industry was established. This is a very important part of Arna’s history and identity. Sea connections in this area is a crucial part of future development to establish Arna’s new identity.
BERGEN
ARNA
EN
RD
O FJ
R SØ
YTRE ARNA
STEMMEVATNET
SPÅKEVATNET
Clean, fresh drinking water is essential to human and other life forms. Water
N VÅGE ARNA INDRE ARNA
plays an important role in the world economy, as it functions as a solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances and facilitates industrial cooling and Approximately transportation. 70% of fresh water is consumed by agriculture.
The human body is between 55% to 78% water depending on body size. To function properly, the body requires between one and seven liters of water per day to avoid dehydration; the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors.
LOCAL QUALITIES OF THE VALLEY AND THE LANDSCAPE
Along the west site of Arnavågen is a big farmland that should be protected because this is one of the biggest existing farmlands in Norway. Rather densify the area where there is already an urban landscape and exsisting building clusturs. On this maps it’s possible to see the possibility of connecting the exsisting building clusters by building a bridge over the narrow point in the fjord. This would also create a better flow between Indre Arna and Ytre Arna. As well as creating contrast in the landscape between the west- and the east site of Arnavågen. There is a big pine forest in this valley
that is ruining the soil quality for growth of other vegetation. There is a possibility to take down some pine trees that could be used in building structures in Arna and at the same time give this forest new potential with housing, cross-country skiing trails or other outdoor projects and activities. The pine forest that would still stand would be a wind protection for outdoor activity and housing. The forest area stretches down to the river in the valley and makes a barrier between the old railway that is a walking path today and the riverscape. There is a need for better connection to the water in this area as well.
LOCAL QUALITIES OF THE FJORD RD JO RF SØ
DEEP SEA- UP TO 550M DEPTH
TRANSITION RIVER/SEA
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DEEP SEA -UP TO 250M DEPTH
YTRE ARNA
NARROW POINT -POTENTIAL NATURAL CONNECTION OVER THE FJORD
THRESHOLD -SHALLOW WATER 2-3 -WILND CHANNELISED
STEMMEVATNET
SPÅKEVATNET
POOL- 10M DEPTH -LOW CIRCULATION OF WATER TRANSITION RIVER/SEA -FRESHWATER MEETS SALT WATER -LESS SEAWEEDS -SHALLOW WATER
N VÅGE ARNA
YTRE ARNA
INDRE ARNA
BLINDHEIMSELVA GAVE BIRTH TO YTRE ARNA INDRE ARNA
The fjord has a lot of potential in terms of natural resources and aquaculture. The natural resources can be used to activate the old industries and could give old building structures new life in the area where the river streems to sea, a transition of river and sea happens in this area which makes possibilities to produce energy. These places can be applied into public spaces that are connected to the urban fabric of Arna. The river in Indre Arna is the biggest salmon river in Norway, that is a tourist attraction for Arna.
WATER AS “PHENOMENAL LENS”
“Water can be looked upon as a “phenomenal lens” with powers of reflection, spital reversal, refraction, and the transformation of rays of light.An attention to phenomenal properties of the transformation of light through material can present poetic tools for making spaces of exhilarating perceptions. Reflection phenomena produce a particular magic in architecture that is adjacent to or incorporates water.” -Questions of perception
WHERE THE FJORD MEETS TERRAIN
THERE IS A LACK OF URBAN FABRIC IN BERGEN REGION WITH DIRECT CONNECTION TO WATER AND SEA. WHERE PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN STRUCTURES ARE WORKING WITH THE SEA AND WATER CONNECTION.
BICYCLE TUNNEL TROUGH ULRIKEN - STRONGER CONNECTION
BETWEEN BERGEN AND ARNA
YTRE ARNA
7 km
INDRE ARNA
BERGEN
Bicycle- and walking tunnel though Ulriken to make a stronger connection between Bergen centrum and Arna. This proposal promotes sustainable way of traveling while it cultivates peoples helth in a positive way. This proposal could be driven forward together with the plan that is already in action with making a new train tunnel trough Ulriken because of heavy traďŹƒc of trains traveling trough the existing tunnel. Bicycling tunnels would take some pressure of the train traveling from Bergen to Arna and it has a lot of potential to be developed in an interesting way architecturally and concerning sustainable solutions. The tunnels are also connected to a outdoor bicycle- and walking path around the fjord with strong connection to ArnavĂĽgen and the water. The walkingpath will then be connected to a bridge that connects the built industry town Ytre Arna and the built and growing Indre Arna together. The bridge will be a vehicle and pedestrian construction where Indre- and Ytre Arna meet in the middle of the bridge. This outdoor pedestrian bicycle and walking path would then exstand along the river to Espeland and all the way to Garnestangen as an open-air site connected to other infrastructures along sea and river.
YTRE ARNA GARNESTANGEN
INDRE ARNA BERGEN
ESPELAND
BICYCLE & WALKING PATH - ALONG THE SEA AND RIVER WITH A BRIDGE OVER THE FJORD TO ATTACH INDRE ARNA TO YTRE ARNA PEDESTRIAN- & VEHICLE BRIDGE TO CREATE STRONGER BOND BETWEEN YTRE- AND INDRE ARNA (8KM) AND TO GENERATE CONTRAST BETWEEN THE WEST- AND THE EAST SITE OF THE FJORD CA.300600M
BICYCLE TUNNEL TROUGH ULRIKEN -TO ESTABLISH STRONGER SUSTAINABLE CONNECTION BETWEEN BERGEN AND ARNA 7 KM
BICYCLE- & WALKING PATH WITH CONNECTION TO THE SEA TO GARNESTANGEN &GARNES BICYCLE- & WALKING PATH CONNECTED TO THE SEA IN A CIRCLE OVER THE BRIDGE 6 KM
BICYCLE AND WALKING PATH THAT IS CONNECTED TO THE NEW CENTRUM OF ARNA AND ACTIVITIES ALONG THE FJORD BICYCLE- & WALKING PATH CONNECTED TO THE RIVERSCAPE 4 KM AND LIGHT RAILWAY FROM GARNES TO ESPELAND 9 KM
The bicycle tunnel are attached to the path along the water as well as the train station that is a stopping point for people traveling trough Arna. The bridge an the pathway creates a better flow between the built area of Ytreand Indre Arna, at the same time as this makes contrast between the west- and east site of Arnavågen. The west site is more rural and the east is connected to infrastructure, housing and public spaces along the sea. This circle of outdoor flow has smaller programs happening along the path like bathing sites into the water, market in the new centrum of Arna and gathering place on the bridge.
LACK OF URBAN FABRIC IN BERGEN REGION WITH DIRECT CONNECTION TO WATER AND SEA, WHERE PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN STRUCTURES ARE WORKING WITH THE SEA AND WATER CONNECTION.
Then the pathway expands along the river to Espeland where there is important and interesting fishlife is to be seen. It‘s important that this walking path along the sea and the river is connected to the light railway. The light railway is reviving the old existing railway that is not in use today and would be all the way to Nestun and Garnes. Then the pathway also exstands along to Garnestangen and further to Garnes.
BICYCLE & WALKING PATH - ALONG THE SEA AND RIVER WITH A BRIDGE OVER THE FJORD TO ATTACH INDRE ARNA TO YTRE ARNA - NEW CLUSTERS INDUSTRY WITH PUBLIC SPACES RELAXATION BATHING AREA RELAXATION BRIDGE
BOAT AREA BATHING AREA NEW CENTRUM & RELAXATION RELAXATION AND CONNECTION TO AQUACULTURE
RURAL AREA PUBLIC PARK TRAIN STATION
RIVER SCAPE
RELAXATION AND FISHING AREA
CONNECTIONS WITH LIGHT RAILWAY
RAINS ALOT & HUMIDITY
DIFFERENT SEASONS & TEMPERATURE
SUNLIGHT & CLOUDS
POLLUTION WIND
REFERENCE: CONNECTING CITIES: Europan 11 - Norge - Skien Porsgrunn
This strategy should aim to create an attractive, modern and sustainable urban area. Four strategic sites are selected as test beds for the common strategy. Acting as stops in a future light rail connection, they must mediate not only existing urban fabric, and local and regional flows, but also act as starting points for new development and new program. The four sites are, starting from the north, the Follestad site, a strategic point for new urban development in Skien centre; further south the Menstad site, an industrial area between the cities, with an industrial program scheduled to be moved from the area in the coming years; and the last two sites are Porsgrunn centre and the industrial connections, while the latter is an undefined end point in the infrastructure. More info: http://www.europaneurope.com/e11/uploads/sites/skien_ porsgrunn-NO_eng.pdf
BICYCLE TUNNEL TROUGH ULRIKEN - STRONGER CONNECTION
BETWEEN BERGEN AND ARNA
Bicycle tunnel with vegetation
The bicycle tunnel are attached to the path along the water as well as the train station that is a stopping point for people traveling trough Arna. There are two proposals: One where the tunnels have green vegetation growing in the tunnel in few places as a surprise or reliving points. And another where there are optic fibers going trough the mountain and down to the tunnel as a surprise or reliving points. These two proposals would work good together. This tunnel would be apart of releasing the heavy traďŹƒc throug Ă…sane that today is one of the most polluted places around Bergen.
Bicycle tunnel with vegetation. Reference: Gordienko Green mile.
There could be a meeting poind where the optic fibers stick out of the mountain on the top that could give you a sense of where you are located on the mountain compared to the tunnel. Reference: UK Pavilion at Shanghai Expo 2010 by Thomas Heatherwick.
Optic fibers going trough the mountain and down to the tunnel as a surprise or reliving points for pedestrians. Would get natural daylight into the tunnels from abow trough the optic fibers.
The two proposals working together.
BRIDGE OVER ARNAVÅGEN - CONNECTING YTRE ARNA TO INDRE ARNA YTRE ARNA
INDRE ARNA
MEETING POINT
The bridge and the pathway create a better flow between the built area of Ytre- and Indre Arna, at the same time as this makes contrast between the west- and east site of Arnavågen. The bridge will be for pedestrian path and for cars. In the middle of the bridge these two places merge into one with a gathering place where it’s possibility to rest and get a new perspective on the sea and the fjord.
PADESTRIAN BRIDGE THAT GOES OVER AND THE UNDER THE DRIVING BRIDGE
Bridge with a meeting point in the middle. Reference: Bridge in Graz by Vito Acconci.
MEETING POINT
PADESTRIAN BRIDGE
LEVELED DRIVING BRIDGES
Proposal for just pedestrians with a meeting point.
BICYCLE- & WALKING PATH ALONG THE SEA AND RIVER
The walkingpath will then be connected to a bridge that connects the built industry town Ytre Arna and the built and growing Indre Arna together. This pathway along the fjord that connects these two places is 7 km long and perfect for outdoor activity and training. This pathway opens up a new arena for outdoor activity because of the lack of connection to the sea in other places in Bergen.
RURAL AREA WITH LEVELED STRUCTURE STRETCHING INTO THE FJORD
Pathway in the ground Reference: Gouliang, China.
RURAL AREA WITH SHELTER
BATHING AREA: Different levels of walking paths, under water space or warm water/hot bath. Could be connected to different programs working with aquaculture and natural resources.
NEW CENTRUM & RELAXATION & PUBLIC SPACES WORKING WITH THE FJORD
Reference: The Kastrup Sea Bath by White architects. Bathing area with connection to nature. Photos from: http://davidreport. com/200705/kastrup-sea-bath/
Leveled ground with few different programs. Reference: PierESCAPE / Aedas Architects, Davis Brody Bond and Martha Schwarz Partners.
Building underground and walking paths on roof. Reference: Asian Culture Complex / UnSangDong Architects + Kim Woo Il.