When abortion becomes a crime

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

Controversies on induced abortion

$

Protocol of research

%%

FROM STATEMENTS TO DEBATE

Define the debate

&%

Statements

&&

A research question on abortion

&"

THE DEBATE ON FETAL PAIN

What is fetal pain?

&'

Statements

!(

Glossary

!&

Development of science on fetal pain

!"

Conclusions

!'

#


FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS "!

Definig actors

""

Preliminary results analysis

")

Queries’ tag analysis

"'

Summary of queries’ tag analysis

#(

Triangulation of query’s term

#&

Comparison of macro actors

#"

Inside macro actors

#)

Publisher between both set

#$

Analizing main publishers

)(

Most cited authors

)%

Conclusions FROM ACTORS TO NETWORK

)

)*

Definig networks

)$

Authors and gestational age

*(

Networks of Authors and gestational age

$(

Networks of Authors and publishers

$"

Analizing networks

$*

Conclusions


SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Analysis of scientific issue

'%

Papers over the time

'&

Top journal per year

'"

Top journal by comparison

'$

Main keywords in papers

%((

Top keyword per year

%(&

Main keyords in papers (Sven Analysis)

%(!

Wikipedia analysis “Neonatal perception”

%("

Wikipedia analysis “Abortion in the United States”

%()

Wikipedia analysis by comparison

%($

Conclusions

%%%

ABORTION LAW

Analyzing abortion law

%%#

Abortion laws in the world

%%)

Selection of the states

%%$

History of abortion laws in the United States

%&(

Development of laws on fetal pain

%&"

Conclusions

%&'

FINAL CONCLUSIONS

Timeline

%!&

Considerations

%!*

APPENDIX

*


CONTROVERSIES ON INDUCED ABORTION DOUBTS AND DEBATE ON SCIENTIFIC, MORAL, ETHICAL, RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL ISSUES OF ABORTION

*DEVELOPED NATIONS: Australia Canada Europe Japan New Zealand US

$

BIRTH

PREGNANCY

UNSAFE

ABORTION

SAFE

DEVELOPING NATIONS

DEVELOPED NATIONS


INTRODUCTION

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CHRISTIANITY CATHOLIC CHURCH

ORTODOX CHURCH

JUDAISM

ISLAM

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HINDUISM

BUDDHISM

PROTESTANT CHURCH

Considered CASE by CASE

Just to save mother's life

Just to save mother's life or in case of rape Considered CASE by CASE

Just to save mother's life

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%(


%%

PROTOCOL of RESEARCH


PROTOCOL OF RESEARCH

1 FROM STATEMENTS TO DEBATE

2 FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS

%&

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3 FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS

4 SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS


FROM STATEMENTS TO DEBATE

FIRST QUERY “abortion” WIKIPEDIA GOOGLE (traditional search)

Google.it Google.com

few differences between languages

FIRST 20 RESULTS for each queryf

Fetal pain

or each query

Ethics

Religion

Developing countries %!

Right to Life

shared theme

- more debate - new point of view - recent controversy

+

Right to Choice

shared theme

SINCE WHEN DOES FOETUS FEEL PAIN?


FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS

NEXT QUERIES GENERAL SET

SCIENCE SET

LAW SET

“fetal awareness” “fetal pain” “fetal awareness” + abortion “fetal pain” + abortion

“foetal awareness” “foetal pain” foetus + “cerebral cortex” foetus + nociceptors foetus + thalamus

“fetal awareness” + law “fetal pain” + law fetus + “cerebral cortex” + law

FIRST 25 RESULTS for each query

FIRST 50 RESULTS

for each query

for each query

GOOGLE.COM (traditional search)

FIRST 50 RESULTS

for each query

for each query

GOOGLE SCHOLAR

for each query

SCOPUS Database of academic journal articles

Google Scraper

Publish or Perish

Google.com Research

Google Scholar Research

300 URL

562 PAPERS

417 PAPERS

Research of ACTORS

Research of ACTORS

%" Harvester

176 URL

Extraction hosts

Triangulation

science set + law set

URL Blacklist

Comparation lists: -fetus/foetus - fetal/foetal - awareness/pain

155 URL

Tag of URLs Authoritative

Non-Authoritative

Legal

Sven analyze and visualize medium-sized text corpora

Legal

Research of ACTORS SCIENCE SET

LAW SET

SCIENCE SET

LAW SET

SCIENCE SET

LAW SET

212 PAPERS

150 PAPERS

161 PAPERS

92 PAPERS


SCIENCE SET 103 URL

FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS

LAW SET 73 URL

373 PAPERS

242 PAPERS

GOOGLE SCHOLAR

SCOPUS

Gephi

Gephi

Creation of networks

451 AUTHORS

51 PUBLISHERS

SCIENCE SET NETWORKS

322 AUTHORS

Creation of networks

34 PUBLISHERS

566 AUTHORS

28 PUBLISHERS

SCIENCE SET NETWORKS

LAW SET NETWORKS

GOOGLE SCHOLAR +SCOPUS Gephi

896 AUTHORS

51 PUBLISHERS

SCIENCE SET NETWORKS

125 AUTHORS

24 PUBLISHERS

LAW SET NETWORKS

588 AUTHORS

29 PUBLISHERS

LAW SET NETWORKS

%#


SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS SCIENCE SET

LAW SET

“foetal awareness”

“fetal awareness” + law

“foetal pain”

“fetal pain” + law

foetus + “cerebral cortex”

fetus + “cerebral cortex” + law

foetus + nociceptors foetus + thalamus

FIRST 50 RESULTS for each query

FIRST 25 RESULTS for each query

GOOGLE SCHOLAR

for each query

SCOPUS

WIKIPEDIA

for each query

GOOGLE.COM

Analysis of pages’ history

merge results

%)

“Neonatal perception”

SCIENCE SET

LAW SET

373 Papers

242 Papers

Science Scape

Top journal per year

Visualize number of papers published each year

Visualize journals publishing the most papers each year

LAW SET 73 Papers

108 Papers

Sven

Analyze and visualize medium-sized text corpora

Analysis of medical and academic papers

Paper over time

SCIENCE SET

Top keywords per year Visualize the most used keywords each year

“Abortion in the United States”

Comparison of changes through the years


%*


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%'

from

STATEMENTS

.01

to DEBATE


&(


DEFINING THE DEBATE

FROM PRELIMINARY QUERIES

80

SEARCHING FOR A RESEARCH QUESTION

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TOOLS FOR DATAS Google Scraper

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Excel

TOOLS FOR VISUALIZATIONS Adobe Illustrator Google Trends &%


Abortion should not only be safe and legal, it should be rare.

[Bill Clinton, speech at DNC, Aug. 29, 1996]

You shall not murder.

[Deuteronomy 5:17]

&&

Pro-choice and pro-life activists live in different worlds, and the scope of their lives, as both adults and children, fortifies them in their belief that their own views on abortion are the more correct, the more moral, and more reasonable. When added to this is the fact that should ‘the other side’ win, one group of women will see the very real devaluation of their lives and life resources, it is not surprising that the abortion debate has generated so much heat and so little light.

Either you can subscribe to the American creed which says that God endowed us with our rights, or you can subscribe to the abortion creed which says that those rights are the consequences of our mother’s will.

[Alan Keyes, American conservative political, speech at Southern Methodist University, Feb. 24, 1997]

[Kristin Luker, Elizabeth Josselyn Boalt Professor of Law in the Jurisprudence ]

I do not believe abortion should be legal. [Herman Cain, American author]

Abortion is inherently different from other medical procedures because no other procedure involves the purposeful termination of a potential life.

[Potter Stewart, Former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, judicial opinion, Jun. 30, 1980]

The line between lawful and unlawful abortion will be marked by the fact of having sensation and being alive. [Aristotle, Greek philosopher and Politics]


Too many women are forced to abort by poverty, by their menfolk, by their parents... A choice is only possible if there are genuine alternative.

FROM STATEMENTS TO DEBATE

[Germaine Greer, Australian academic and journalis]

An abortion kills the life of a baby after it has begun. [Planned Parenthood ad from 1964.]

Now the word of the Lord came to me, saying, “Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you were born I consecrated you; I appointed you a prophet to the nations.”

[Jeremiah 1:4-5 ]

Abortion... interferes with God’s plan - a plan He willed before He created the universe. Abortion is in violation of God-given life.

These concerns (for orphan children in India and elsewhere in the world) are very good, but often these same people are not concerned with the millions that are killed by the deliberate decision of their own mothers. And this is what is the greatest destroyer of peace today, Abortion...For the pregnant women who don’t want their children, give them to me.

[Mother Teresa Of Calcutta]

[Richard Halverson, Christian Reverend]

They [the women] are never allowed to look at the ultrasound because we knew that if they so much as heard the heart beat, they wouldn’t want to have an abortion.

[Dr. Randall, Abortionist]

&!


A RESEARCH QUESTION ON ABORTION

&"

2005

2006

2007

2008

20


009

FROM STATEMENTS TO DEBATE

Abortion + Ethics Abortion + Developing countries Abortion + Politics Abortion + Religion Fetal Pain Abortion Law

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&#

2010

2011

2012

2013


&)


the DEBATE on

FETAL .02

PAIN

&*


&$


WHAT IS FETAL PAIN?

from

1961

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION

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to

2013 481

analyzed

PAPERS

12

different opinion about

THE LIMIT OF GESTATIONAL AGE

&'


Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage. [The International Association for the Study of Pain, 1979]

Interpretation of these reflexes is, however, complicated because they are relatively unspecific indicators of subjective painfulness, even in adult patients. [Sampsa Vanhatalo and Onno van Nieuwenhuizen, 2000]

!(

The experience of pain is modulated by changing emotional input and may need to be learned through life experience.

[International Association for the Study of Pain, 2004]

The presence of thalamocortical fibers is insufficient to establish capacity for pain perception. [JAMA, 2005]

A fetus reacts to painful stimuli by various motor, autonomic, hormonal and metabolic changes [Sampsa Vanhatalo and Onno van Nieuwenhuizen, 2000]


THE DEBATE ON FETAL PAIN

During the first 8 weeks of pregnancy, the human fetus displays a range of spontaneous movements, which are not actually reflexes, as they arise from random muscle actions rather than as reactions to a sensory stimulus.

We know very well that pain is a subjective experience; however a fetus is not able to tell us what they are feeling.

[Richard Rokyta, 2008]

The last half of gestation is a critical period in the growth and development of the human brain.

[Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2010]

[Hannah C. Kinney, 2006]

While the fetal nervous system mounts protective responses to NS from an early age, they cannot be interpreted as feeling or perceiving pain until connections exist to the cortex. [Professor Fitzgerald, 1995]

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THE DEBATE ON FETAL PAIN

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DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE ON FETAL PAIN AN OVERVIEW ON SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OVER TIME

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LEGEND NUMBER OF PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPERS

8 PAPERS

3 PAPERS

4 PAPERS

10 PAPERS

5 PAPERS 11 PAPERS 6 PAPERS

7 PAPERS

GESTATIONAL AGE 3 WEEKS

18 WEEKS

6 WEEKS

20 WEEKS

10 WEEKS

24 WEEKS

12 WEEKS

28 WEEKS

14 WEEKS

33 WEEKS

16 WEEKS

NO LIMITS



1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984 American Medical Association Observing adverse reactions to stimuli between 8 and 10 WEEKS

1985

1986


1987

1988

1989

1990

Dr. Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand

Prof. Vivette Glover

Development of SENSORIAL RECEPTORS by the 20th week

NOCICEPTORS hooks into NEURONAL PLATE zone. Perception of PAIN by the 23th week

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

Harold Morowitz

Sir Albert Lilley

Continuous brain waves begin at about 28 WEEKS, indicating that the NERVE CIRCUITS needed to carry pain impulses to the brain are not connected till then

FETUS perceivable with sense, reaction to PAIN between 8 and 10 WEEKS

1996 Dr. Peter McCullagh Appearance of anatomic structures to feel PAIN the 10th week

1997

1998

1999

Paul Ranalli

Fisk N., Glover V.

By 20 WEEKS, the spino- thalamic system is fully established and connected, so fetus can feel pain

Anatomical evidence proves that fetus can feel pain from 20 weeks

2000

2001

Chamber of Lord Fisk N., Gitau R., Teixeira J.M. BRAIN developed Full anatomic sufficiently to pathways neceselaborate sary for nocicepSIGNS OF PAIN tion are in place received from by 24-28 weeks THALAMUS between 8 and 10 WEEKS

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Prof. Vivette Glover

Dr. Kanawaljeet J. S. Anand

British Medical Journal

Dr. Van Scheltema

Prof. Stuart Campbell

MOVEMENTS in answer of being touched from the 8th week

Perception of PAIN in answer to NOXIOUS STIMULUS by the 20th weekd

Pain perception only AFTER BIRTH

Development of CONNECTION between SPINAL CORD and THALAMUS from the 14th week

Observation of CRYING FETUS from the 24th week

2011

2012

2013 M. L. Condic Development of NEURAL CIRCUITS responsible of the prior REACTION TO PAIN by the 8th week



DEBATE ON FETAL PAIN: CONCLUSIONS

THE DEBATE ON FETAL PAIN

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TOOLS FOR DATAS Google Scraper Publish or Perish Scopus Geo Ip Excel

TOOLS FOR VISUALIZATIONS

SINCE WHEN DOES FOETUS FEEL PAIN? SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY

WHO say WHAT about foetal pain

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LEGAL COMMUNITY

WHO say WHAT about foetal pain

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+2>;./45.2<03/01=/0-1203268<52E0/401258=42->2/45352/E-28.583D2 01=9;<0172E5,30/532<5890172E0/42@PVR[aV¹P2-.2S$!9#2033;53B2 AUV` \]R_NaV\[ V` P_bPVNY a\ `aN_aV[T a\ QR¹[R Z\_R 8==;.8/59:2/452/E-28.5832->201/5.53/2012/452=51/.52->2-;.2 .5358.=42I;53/0-1B 6[ N Sb_aUR_ Z\ZR[a RNPU \S aUR "" VQR[aV¹RQ B?9` V` 01<0@0<;899:28189:H5<281<2/8775<28==-.<0172/-2/452.598/0@52 =8/57-.:B F4512E52=4--352/-25A860152?.068.09:2/452.53;9/32-,/8015<2 E0/401258=4201<0@0<;892I;5.:2/-240749074/281:2?.5<-60181=52 \S `RcR_NY PNaRT\_VR` N[Q `U\d aUR QVÛR_R[a af]R` \S \baP\ZR` dUVPU Va V` ]\``VOYR TRa Of PUN[TV[T \b_ ^bR_f²` .5358.=4B2_5=-1<9:D2/452386528189:3032032=8..05<2-;/2,:2 NQQV[T aUR ^bR_VR`² _R`bYa` \S RNPU `Ra `PVR[PR `Ra N[Q YNd 35/D281<2?;//0172/4562012=-6?8.03-1B

TAG OF THE URL SCIENTIFIC LEGAL

Government University Medical Asssociation Scientific Association Encyclopedia Journal Publishing Portal

AUTHORITATIVE

HOST

NON - AUTHORITATIVE

News Magazine Blog Forum Social Network Platform of TV channel Organization

SCIENTIFIC LEGAL


FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS โ foetal awarenessโ

โ foetal painโ

A

A

SCIENCE SET 6[ aUR `PVR[PR `Ra ยน_`a \S NYY dR PN[ [\aVPR aUR ]_RQ\ZV[N[PR ->2]-1N+;/4-.0/8/0@52.53;9/3D2=-6?8.5<2/-2+;/4-.0/8/0@52 -153D2E40=428.523/099298.759:2?.5351/281<28??58.2012?8./0=;98.2 012/452I;5.:2K$4?75T5U&$2$A29#5&"24$VWB2C12>8=/D2/452983/2/4.552 ^bR_VR` b`RQ N` _R`RN_PU ^bR`aV\[ N_R ]b_RYf `PVR[aVยนP /5.601-9-7053281<2/45.5>-.521-2E-1<5.2/452?.-7.5330@52 01=.58352->2+;/4-.0/8/0@52E5,30/53281<253?5=0899:2<5890172 dVaU @PVR[aVยนP V``bR` AUR ยน_`a ad\ ^bR_VR` V[`aRNQ `U\d 306098.2.53;9/3D2/48/20328268Z-.0/:2->2]-1N+;/4-.0/80@52 dRO`VaR` N[Q @PVR[aVยนP V``bR` 6[ SNPa aUR PU\VPR a\ b`R /452<0?4/4-172012UK"$4?7W20326-/0@8/5<2,:2/452<530.52/-2 56?4830H52/4528=405@5651/2->2.53;9/32012/40328.58B2

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5

5

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10

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15

15

NA

NA

foetus + nociceptors

foetus + thalamus

foetus + โ cerebral cortexโ

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A

A 15

15

10

10

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5

5

5

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LAW SET 6[ aUR YNd `Ra dR PN[ `RR QVร R_R[a _R`bYa` QR]R[QV[T \[ aUR QVร R_R[Ra ^bR_VR` AUR ยน_`a ^bR_f PUN_NPaR_VgRQ Of `PVR[aVยนP aR_ZV[\Y\Tf UN` 8125I;892?.5351=52->2+;/4-.0/8/0@5281<2]-1N+;/4-.0/8/0@52 dRO`VaR` Oba N `YVTUa ]_RQ\ZV[N[PR \S @PVR[aVยนP V``bR`

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โ fetal awarenessโ law

โ fetal painโ law

โ gestational ageโ law

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15

15

15

10

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10

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NA

10

15

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FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS

SUMMARY OF QUERIESโ TAG ANALYSIS Authoritative 15

F4.-;742/452=-6?8.03-12->2/452.53;9/32-,/8015<2>.-62 `PVR[PR `Ra N[Q YNd `Ra dR PN[ `RR `\ZR `VT[VยนPN[a QVร R_R[PR` @PVR[PR `Ra V` PUN_NPaR_VgRQ Of N `VT[VยนPN[a ]_R`R[PR \S +;/4-.0/8/0@52E5,30/53D289/4-;742/45268Z-.0/:2032]-1N +;/4-.0/8/0@5Y2>;/45.6-.5D2/45.5203282=958.2?.5<-60181=52->2 @PVR[aVยนP P\[aR[a` C1298E235/D2013/58<D2/452?.5351=52->2+;/4-.0/8/0@52E5,30/532 03295332=-6?8.5<2/-23=051=5235/Y2/45268Z-.0/:2->2/452=-1/51/2 V` 9RTNY Oba aUR_R V` `aVYY N T\\Q ]_R`R[PR \S @PVR[aVยนP =-1/51/3B2

10

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15

10

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15

Science Set 51

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Number of URLs

Non Authoritative

10

15

Legislative

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TRIANGULATION OF QUERIESโ TERMS ANALYZING DIFFERENCES AMONG QUERIESโ TERMS

FETUS - FOETUS

F452/.0817;98/0-12,5/E5512/452/5.632K$4?7281<2K"$4?7 .5@58932/48/26-3/2->2/4524-3/328.52348.5<281<2/45.528.521-2 `R[`VaVcR ^bN[aVaNaVcR QVร R_R[PR`

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fetus + โ cerebral cortexโ

AUTHORITATIVE SHARED HOST

foetus + โ cerebral cortexโ

#( fetus + โ nociceptorsโ

NON-AUTHORITATIVE

SHARED HOST

foetus + โ nociceptorsโ

fetus + โ thalamusโ

SCIENTIFIC

SHARED HOST

foetus + โ thalamusโ

LEGAL


FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS

F452/.0817;98/0-12,5/E5512/452/5.632K$49#281<2K"$49# _RcRNY` aUNa Z\`a \S aUR U\`a` N_R[²a `UN_RQ N[Q aUR_R N_R `R[`VaVcR ^bN[aVaNaVcR QVĂ›R_R[PR

“fetal awareness� SHARED HOST

S-/42K$49#281<2K"$49#28.526-.52;35<2>.-621-1N8;/4-.0/8/0@52 dRO`VaR` N[Q S_\Z `PVR[aVšP \[R`

FETAL - FOETAL

AUTHORITATIVE

“foetal awareness� “fetal awareness� + abortion SHARED HOST “foetal awareness� + abortion

#%

“fetal awareness� + law SHARED HOST

NON-AUTHORITATIVE “foetal awareness� + law “fetal pain� SHARED HOST “foetal pain� “fetal pain� + abortion SHARED HOST “foetal pain� + abortion

SCIENTIFIC

“fetal pain� + law SHARED HOST

LEGAL “foetal pain� + law


COMPARISON OF MACRO ACTORS THE REASONS BEHIND THE SELECTION

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4% 1,7%

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18,5%

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13,3%

SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION

2,1% 6%

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11,5%

PUBLISHING PORTAL

65<0=015281<D2012?8.89959D2/-234-E2=481753201298E2012/452 753/8/0-189287529060/2E0/4012E40=428,-./0-12032-19:2899-E5<2 /-2?.8=/0=5B2C/2032/45.5>-.52-,@0-;32/45215=5330/:2->2.59:0172 -128;/4-.0/8/0@523-;.=53281<2=.5<0/5<2>-.2<5@59-?0172/4032 8189:303B2

57,1% AUTHORITATIVE SITES


FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS

42,9%

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15,7%

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1,5% 13%

#!


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ANALYZING MAIN PUBLISHERS ELSEVIER

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS (OUP)

HEINONLINE

Elsevier is an academic publishing company which publishes medical and scientific literature.

Oxford university Press is the largest university press in the world covering the areas of humanities, social sciences, sciences, medicine, and law.

HeinOnline is an internet service that is a source of legal informations and provides access to a large number of law libraries.

WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY (WOL)

LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS (LWW)

TAYLOR & FRANCIS

Founded: 1880 Country of origin: Netherlands

#$

Founded: 1807 Country of origin: United States

Wiley Online Library is a global publishing company specialized in academic publishing for professionists, students, instructors in higher education, researchers and practitioners in scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly fields.

Founded: 1586 Country of origin: United Kingdom

Founded: 1998 Country of origin: United States LWW publishes scientific, technical, and medical content such as textbooks, reference works, and over 275 scientific journals aimed to physicians, nurses, clinicians, and students.

Founded: 2000 Country of origin: United States

Founded: 1852 Country of origin: United Kingdom Taylor & Francis is an international company that publishes books and academic journals about medicine, science, social science, mathematics, law and engineering.

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP

SPRINGER

DE GRUYTER

Nature Publishing Group is an international publishing company that publishes academic journals, magazines, online databases, and services in science and medicine.

Springer is a publishing company of academic journals and books about nursing, gerontology, psychology, social work, counseling, public health, and rehabilitation.

De Gruyter is a scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature and publishes academic journals, research monographs, reference works, multimedia publications, and bibliographies.

Founded: 1869 Country of origin: United Kingdom

Founded: 1950 Country of origin: United States

Founded: 1749 Country of origin: Germany


FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS

SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE Founded: 1969 Country of origin: United States

Society for Neuroscience is a professional society for basic scientists and physicians around the world whose research is focused on the study of the brain and nervous system.

BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (BMA)

AMERICAN ACADEMY PEDIATRICS (AAP)

British Medical Association is the professional association and registered trade union for doctors in the United Kingdom which members are also medical students.

American Academy Pediatrics is a professional association of pediatricians.

Founded: 1832 Country of origin: United Kingdom

AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY (APS)

AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (AMA)

A nonprofit society focused on education, scientific research, and information in the physiological sciences.

American Medical Association is the largest association of physicians and medical students in the United States.

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (NAS)

MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOCIETY (MMS)

A non-profit american organization focused on science, engineering and medicine.

Massachusetts Medical society is the oldest state medical society in the United States and a professional association for physicians and medical students.

Founded: 1887 Country of origin: United States

Founded: 1863 Country of origin: United States

Founded: 1847 Country of origin: United States

Founded: 1781 Country of origin: United States

Founded: 1930 Country of origin: United Kingdom

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MOST CITED AUTHORS

Papile L.A.

Bur ste in J

BMA

Kouwe nhoven W. B.

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LUCS

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P. kic Ra

u La C. N.

Ga rre tt P. Grim son A.

Dawson V.L.

.M. Dawson T

. E.D on d n Lo

Le co ur sA .R.

Golding J.

W.H.O.

Osmo nd C .

.W. ith D Sm

ELSEVIE R

Ba rke rD .J.P .

Go df r

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WHO

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Burste in R.


FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS

World Health Organization

Jones Kenneth L.

Harding Jane E.

Specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is concerned with international public health.

Specialized in Pediatric Endocrinology at the Rady Children’s Hospital in San Diego.

Professor of Neonatology at the University of Auckland and member of the Fetal and Neonatal Physiology research group of the University’s Liggins Institute.

Papile Lucille Ann

Smith David Weyhe

Gluckman Peter D.

Trained in Neonatology, she works at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center.

Specialized in pediatrician and dysmorphologist, he teached at University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and at University of Washington.

Founding Director of the Liggins Institute, Professor of Paediatric and Perinatal Biology and Director of the National Research Centre for Growth and Development.

Burstein Rami

Dawson Virgil L.

Godfrey Keith M.

Researcher at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Professor at Harvard Medical School.

Member of the medical staff of the Florida Hospital Altamonte and the Orlando Regional Medical Center as Chairman of the Department of Family Practice.

Prof. of Epidemiology & Human Development at the University of Southampton and Director of the Centre for Developmental Origins of Health & Disease.

Burstein John Harold

Dawson Ted M.

Barker David J.P.

Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and a medical oncologist in the Breast Oncology Center at Dana-Farber.

Prof. in Neurodegenerative Diseases at Leonard and Madlyn Abramson, Chairman of Scientific Advisory Board of Bachman-Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation

Professor of Clinical Epidemiology and Director of the Medical Research Council Environmental Epidemiology Unit at the University of Southampton.

Hoffler Heike

London Edythe Danick

Osmond Clive

Graduated at Humboldt University in Berlin, she works for GTZ (German Technical Cooperation).

Prof. of Addiction Studies at Thomas and Katherine Pike, Director of UCLA Lab. of Molecular Pharmacology at David Geffen School of Medicine University in California.

Medical Research Council Senior Scientist and Professor of Biostatistics at the University of Southampton.

Lim Li Pei

Lecours A. René

Golding Jean

Medical Director of the Singapore Neurology & Sleep Centre at Gleneagles Medical Centre.

Specialized in Internist and Geriatrician in Canada.

Emeritus Professor of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology at the University of Bristol.

Lau Nelson Chi-Wang

Jude James Roderick

Kuh Diana

Assistant Professor of Biology at Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center at the Brandeis University.

Surgeon and practices in Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery at Mercy Hospital in Miami.

Director of the MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing and of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development.

Garrett Philip

Kouwenhoven William Bennett

Research Biologist at Merck Research Laboratories.

Electrical engineer who developed closed-chest cardiac massage, part of CPR and also invented the first cardiac defibrillator.

Grimson Andrew

Rakic Pasko

Assistant Professor in the Department of Molecular biology & Genetics at the Cornell University.

Prof. of Neuroscience and Professor of Neurology at Dorys McConnell Duberg, Department Chair, Neurobiology and Director at the Yale Kavli Institute for Neuroscience.

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STARTING DATASET

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NETWORK OF AUTHORS AND GESTATIONAL AGE FINDING CONNECTIONS

2'0*&+%0(+0**&02*(023,45

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-.%(*."2',4& K;2dBhB K8/G0132`BPB _=4-;51,-.72dB P;,513/5012dB`BPB P0=52fB_B P8-2hB P8G0=2^B \805.2_BJB `05,5.,;.72CB `02LB_B `5@0//2^B 8\`a\cVP 6 8\YagR[Ob_T : 8\U 7 F 8RZ]R_ A 9 d8G532PB L;//519-=45.2^BPB L;/=4013-12\BPB [-5<5./2\B [9-@5.2eB [08118G-;9-?-;9-32kB J0/H75.89<2\B J03G2]B

f5.,:340.52_BKB[B f8E3-12FB\B f8@032SB\B R4-02fBKB R48172LB_B R486,-12^B S8;6812\B .[N[Q 8 7 @ +9@8.5HNS;:9982+B

LEGEND OF GESTATIONAL AGE 3 WEEKS

18 WEEKS

6 WEEKS

20 WEEKS

10 WEEKS

24 WEEKS

12 WEEKS

28 WEEKS

14 WEEKS

33 WEEKS

16 WEEKS

NO LIMITS









STARTING DATASET

87

authors

NETWORK OF AUTHORS AND GESTATIONAL AGE FINDING CONNECTIONS

12

!"#$%&'$$(#!$)#!'*+,

gestational age IN THIS NETWORK EACH AUTHOR IS LINKED TO OTHER AUTHORS BY THE SAME GESTATIONAL AGE SUPPORTED. EDGES ARE COLOURED BY THE CORRESPONDANT GESTATIONAL AGE STAND OUT FROM THE PAPER WRITTEN !"

FOR THAT PUBLISHER. NODES ARE COLOURED BY THE MOST RECENT PAPER.

GRAPHIC OUTPUT

87

nodes

627 edges

#$%&'%()*+,&*-&($%&./)&0%(&10&234$&02/..%+&($/'&*-&($%&0415 %'4%&*'%6&/0&($%&+%03.(0&*-&($%&73%+1%0&+%./(1'8&(*&($10&0%(&/+%& ZV[\_ 6a Q\R`[²a `U\d N ]N_aVPbYN_ QV`aV[PaV\[ NYaU\bTU Va 10&9*001:.%&(*&1;%'(1-<&($%&2/1'&9*.%06&034$&/0&=>&)%%,06&="& )%%,0&/';&=?&)%%,0@ A'&/;;1(1*'6&($%+%&/+%&2/'<&03:5'%()*+,0&0%9/+/(%;&-+*2& ($%&2/1'&8+*396&034$&/0&B&)%%,06&C&)%%,0&/';&D*&E121(&(*& aUR TR`aNaV\[NY NTR( aUR YNaaR_ ad\ `]RPV¹PNYYf _RSR_ \[Yf (*&($%&1';1F1;3/.&/3($*+0@&G0&1'&($%&9+%F1*30&;109./<6&1(& /+%&0$*)%;&F/+1*30&F1%)0&+%./(%;&(*&8%0(/(1*'/.&/8%&.121(& \S aUR QVÛR_R[a NbaU\_` \cR_ aUR fRN_` dUVYR aUR [\QR` /+%&4*.*3+%;&1'&/44*+;/'4%&)1($&($%&*91'1*'&%H9*0%;&1'& ($%&9/9%+&93:.10$%;&+%4%'(.<@&#$%&2/1'&/3($*+0&%2%+8%;& N_R 1R_Of`UV_R @ D 4 .[N[Q 8 7 @ 3VagTR_NYQ : N[Q I/F3.%043&J@

0,8%

2,6%

11,4%

7,8%

3 WEEKS

6 WEEKS

10 WEEKS

12 WEEKS

9,6%

4,3%

6,2%

14 WEEKS

16 WEEKS

18 WEEKS

23%

12,5%

0,8%

24 WEEKS

28 WEEKS

NO LIMITS

of authors support

of authors support

of authors support

of authors support

of authors support

of authors support

of authors support

of authors support

of authors support

-&.)$&/!"*+( .[N[Q 8 7 @ K%+:<0$1+%&I@L@M@ N1(O8%+/.;&P@ I/F3.%043&J@ M.*F%+&Q@ K+%<&R@G@ N10,&D@ #/;;1*&G@

of authors support

21%

of authors support

20 WEEKS

LEGEND OF GESTATIONAL AGE 3 WEEKS

18 WEEKS

6 WEEKS

20 WEEKS

10 WEEKS

24 WEEKS

12 WEEKS

28 WEEKS

14 WEEKS

33 WEEKS

16 WEEKS

NO LIMITS



STARTING DATASET

686

authors

29

publishers IN THIS NETWORK EACH AUTHOR IS LINKED TO THE PUBLISHERS WHICH HE WRITES FOR. EDGES ARE COLOURED BY THE CORRESPONDANT GESTATIONAL AGE STAND OUT FROM THE PAPER WRITTEN FOR THAT PUBLISHER. WHILE $(

NODES ARE COLOURED BY THE MOST RECENT PAPER OF THE AUTHOR.

GRAPHIC OUTPUT

715

nodes

742 edges

NETWORK OF AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS FINDING CONNECTIONS

2'0*&+%0(+0*&02*(023,45

C12/4523=051=5235/215/E-.G258=428;/4-.2032=-115=/5<2 /-2?;,90345.32452E.0/532>-.2/4.-;742/452-?010-12-12/452 753/8/0-189287529060/25A?.5335<2012/452=-..53?-1<0172?8?5.B DUNa ยน_`aYf P\ZR` \ba V` aUR ]_RQ\ZV[N[PR \S aUR `NZR ?;,90345.32/48/248<2/4526-3/206?-./81=52012/452?.5@0-;32 .5358.=42->28=/-.3D2/48/203D2O935@05.D2K095:2M190152`0,.8.:D2 ]8/;.52^;,90340172[.-;?281<2/452_-=05/:2>-.2]5;.-3=051=52B J-.258=42?;,90345.28.5270@512/452753/8/0-189287529060/32 3;??-./5<2012/452?8?5.3D23-2832/-240749074/2/4525@51/;892 <-60181=52->2-152E55G2-@5.2/452-/45.3B +6-172/45268012?-953D2O935@05.2?.5351/32824-6-75150/:2 \S QVร R_R[a \]V[V\[` dVaU N `YVTUa V[PYV[NaV\[ a\dN_Q` E55G3D2&"2E55G3D2%"2E55G3281<2%(2E55G3B K095:2M190152`0,.8.:2483282?.5@8951=52->2?8?5.32.598/0172/-2 ! dRRX` N[Q \[ aUR ยน_`a SRd dRRX` \S TR`aNaV\[NY NTR ]8/;.52^;,90340172[.-;?234-E3D290G52O935@05.D2812 U\Z\TR[RVaf \S QVร R_R[a \]V\[V\[` NYaU\bTU V[ `ZNYYR_ I;81/0/053D2E40952/452_-=05/:2>-.2]5;.-3=051=52>-=;3532 ?.068.09:2-12&(2E55G3B F45.528.52893-2.5?-./5<2/4528;/4-.32E4-2E.0/526-.52E0/42 aURV_ QVร R_R[a aUVPX[R`` P\[[RPaV\[` a\ ]bOYV`UR_` N[Q 753/8/0-1892875323;??-./5<B2

-.%(*."2',4& S8;6812\B 8RZ]R_ A9 ^8./.0<752dBRB f8@032SB\B 8\YagR[Ob_T : L;/=4013-12\BPB \805.2_BJB P0=52fB_B K8/G0132`BPB \8.012MB P;,513/5012dB`BPB +9@8.5HNS;:9982+B f5.,:340.52_BKB[B J03G2]B [9-@5.2eB +1<5.3-12SBdB :P8Nf ? 1 4 [-5<5./2\B ]5<5.788.<2\B \8//3-12\B^B [;1/4-.?52\dB [08118G-;9-?-;9-32kB J5..05.-2fB\B _=4-;51,-.72dB

R486,-12^B `02LB_B P8-2hB R45172SB `05,5.,;.72CB P:<592PBOB _?09981/0102\[B .[N[Q 8 7 @ J0/H75.89<2\B L;//519-=45.2^BPB R4-02fBKB 8\U 7 F K;2dBhB f8E3-12FB\B R48172LB_B 8\`a\cVP 6 P8G0=2^B [-9<,5.72\B^B [898,;.<82+\B `5@0//2^B CN[ 1R_ 8\\f 1 d8G532PB d5.6812dRB LEGEND OF GESTATIONAL AGE

3 WEEKS

18 WEEKS

6 WEEKS

20 WEEKS

10 WEEKS

24 WEEKS

12 WEEKS

28 WEEKS

14 WEEKS

33 WEEKS

16 WEEKS

NO LIMITS


FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS

Society for Endocrinology The Endocrine Society

Springer

Chang H.S. Alvarez-Buylla A.

AMA

NPG APS

CSHLP

Annual Reviews Marin O.

Partridge J.C.

Koltzenburg M.

McKay R.D.G.

Davis B.M.

Rubenstein J.L.R.

Levitt P. Rice D.S. Jakes R.

Giannakoulopoulos X.

Nedergaard M.

Nature Medicine

Van Der Kooy D. Spillantini MG.

NCBI

Elsevier

Goedert M.

Dawson T.M.

Fitzgerald M.

LUCS Ferriero D.M.

Watkins L.R.

MMS Maier S.F.

ASPET

Schouenborg J.

Glover V.

Rao Y.

Cheng B. Li H.S.

Karger

Anand K.J.S.

Hutchinson M.R.

Rydel R.E.

Chambon P.

Goldberg M.P. Anderson B.J.

The Company of Biologists

Lieberburg I.

Cell Press

Society for Neuroscience

Mattson M.P.

Wu J.Y.

NAS Choi D.W.

Derbyshire S.W.G.

Huttenlocher P.R.

Science Magazine

ASN

Gunthorpe MJ.

Biochemical Society

Fisk N.

Koh J.Y.

BMA

OUP

Kostovic I.

LWW

Jerman JC.

The Endocrine Scociety

Taylor & Francis

$%

Bauman M.

Rakic P.

WOL

Galaburda AM.

Kemper TL.

AAN Enterprises


STARTING DATASET

87

authors

24

publishers IN THIS NETWORK EACH AUTHOR IS LINKED TO THE PUBLISHERS WHO WRITES FOR. THE EDGES ARE COLORED BY THE CORRESPONDANT GESTATIONAL AGE STAND OUT FROM THE PAPER WRITTEN FOR THAT PUBLISHER. THE $&

NODES ARE COLORED BY THE MOST RECENT PAPER OF THE AUTHOR.

GRAPHIC OUTPUT

NETWORK OF AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS FINDING CONNECTIONS

2'0*$.3*&02*(023,45

F45215/E-.G2->2/45298E235/203D2832?.5@0-;39:D2368995.2 P\Z]N_RQ a\ `PVR[PR²` \[R L5.5D2>;./45.6-.5D2/4528;/4-.328.52833-=08/5<2E0/420/32 ?;,90345.32,:2753/8/0-1892875B AUR ZNV[ ]\YR` aUNa P\ZR b] N_R ]N_aYf QVÛR_R[a S_\Z /452?.5@0-;32301=52E5248@52O935@05.D2/452S.0/0342\5<0=892 +33-=08/0-1D2/452+65.0=812\5<0=892+33-=8/0-1281<2 `0??01=-//2K09908632g2K09G013B J-.2E48/2=-1=5.132O935@05.D2/45.52032893-245.52812 U\Z\TR[RVaf \S QVÛR_R[a \]V\[V\[` dVaU N ]_RcNYR[PR /-E8.<32&(2E55G3D2&$2E55G3281<2%"2E55G3B F452S.0/0342\5<0=892+33-=08/0-1234-E32812-.051/8/0-12 /-E8.<32&"2E55G3D2E40952/452+65.0=812\5<0=892+33-=08/0-12 3;??-./32012?8./0=;98.2&$2E55G329060/B `0??01=-//2K09908632g2K09G0132013/58<2483282<;892 -.051/8/0-12/-E8.<32,-/42&(2E55G3281<2%"2E55G3B2

-.%(*."2',4& J0/H75.89<2\B .[N[Q 8 7 @ +1<5.3-12SBdB f5.,:340.52_BKB[B J03G2]B [9-@5.2eB _8@;953=;2dB F8<<0-2+B f.5:2O+B

111

LEGEND OF GESTATIONAL AGE

nodes

104 edges

3 WEEKS

18 WEEKS

6 WEEKS

20 WEEKS

10 WEEKS

24 WEEKS

12 WEEKS

28 WEEKS

14 WEEKS

33 WEEKS

16 WEEKS

NO LIMITS


FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS

Taylor& Francis

Springer

LWW Europe Pub Med Central Anand K.J.S.

Fisk N.

BMA

The Endocrine Society

Biochemical Society

Karger MMS

Glover V. Savulescu J.

Derbyshire S.W.G. Annual Reviews

WOL

NPG CUP

Elsevier

ASN

HeinOnline

Fitzgerald M. Drey EA.

Society for Neuroscience

Taddio A.

AMA Anderson B.J.

APS

De Gruyter

Cell Press

LUCS

NCBI

AAP

$!


ANALYZING NETWORKS FINDIND CONCLUSIONS

SCIENCE SET

+189:H0172/452.53;9/32-,/8015<2,:2/452/E-215/E-.G32->2 3=051=5235/2E52=8123552/48/2/45268012-.051/8/0-1328.52&(2 E55G3D2&"2E55G3281<2%"2E55G3D2E40=4201=0<51/899:2.5?.5351/2 /452-?010-12->2/452?.01=0?8928;/4-.32E4-2E.0/526-.5D2832 .[N[Q 8 7 @ 0U\V 1 D N[Q ?VPR 1 @

DVaU _RTN_Q a\ ZNW\_ ]bOYV`UR_` 2Y`RcVR_ V` _RP\[ยน_ZRQ 832/452?.01=0?89D2>-99-E5<2,:2K095:2M190152`0,.8.:281<2 `0??01=-//2K09908632g2K09G013B

Anand K.J.S. Fitzgerald M. Kostovic I. Choi D.W.

28

weeks

Rice D.S. Rakic P. Glover V.

$"

Elsevier

24

weeks

Wu J.Y. Goedert M. Derbyshire S.W.G. Koh J.Y. Kemper T.L. Giannakoulopoulos X. Fisk N. Rubenstein J.L.R. Jakes R. Davis B.M. Chang H.S. Rao Y. Lieberburg I. Li H.S. Levitt P. Bauman M. Chambon P. Alvarez-Buylla A. Schouenborg J. Maier S.F. Hutchinson M.R. Watkins L.R. Koltzenburg M. Dawson T.M.

20

WOL

weeks

18

LWW

weeks

16 weeks

14

weeks

12

weeks

10

weeks

ASPET Society for Neuroscience Nature Annual Reviews Karger Society for Endocrinology Nature Medicine


FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS

+189:H0172/452.53;9/32-,/8015<2,:2/452/E-215/E-.G32->2/452 98E235/2E52=8123552/48/2/45268012-.051/8/0-1328.52&(2E55G3D2 %)2E55G3D2%(2E55G3281<2&$2E55G3B2+93-2012/4032=8352032/4;32 .5?.5351/5<2/45268012-?010-12->2/4528;/4-.32E4-2E.0/52 Z\_R N` .[N[Q 8 7 @ 3VagTR_NYQ 3 1R_Of`UV_R @ D 4 N[Q

Anand K.J.S.

_8@;953=;2dB DVaU _RTN_Q a\ ZNW\_ ]bOYV`UR_` 2Y`RcVR_ V` _RP\[ยน_ZRQ N` /452?.01=0?89D2>-99-E5<2,:2]8/;.52^;,90340172[.-;?281<2/452 +65.0=812\5<0=892+33-=08/0-1B

LAW SET

28

weeks Elsevier

Fitzgerald M.

$#

20

weeks Glover N. NPG

18

Savulescu J.

Derbyshire S.W.G.

weeks

16

Karger

Fisk N. Drey E.A.

10

weeks Taddio A.

AMA

weeks

LWW


$)


FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS: CONCLUSIONS J.-62/4528189:3032->215/E-.G3281<2=-115=/0-13286-172/452 NbaU\_` Va PN[ OR ยน_`aYf `U\dRQ N ]_RcNYR[PR \S \]V[V\[` \[ /452753/8/0-189287529060/2=-1@5.70172/-2&(2E55G32E0/42&(jD22 &"2E55G32E0/42%'D#j281<2%(2E55G32E0/42%$D#jB ]5/E-.G32.598/5<2/-23=051=5240749074/23-652?;,90345.32->2 7.58/5.206?-./81=52/4812/452-/45.3D2832?;,90345.32->28298.752 1;6,5.2->2?8?5.3B +6-172/45352/452?.5560151/2032O935@05.D2>-99-E5<2,:2K095:2 M190152`0,.8.:281<2`0??01=-//2K09908632g2K09G013B J-.2/45:201<55<2E.0/52/4526-3/206?-./81/28;/4-.3D2 5A?.5330172/450.23;??-./2>-.2&(2E55G3D2&"2E55G3281<2%"2 E55G3B F45215/E-.G32.598/5<2/-298E268G52565.752878012O935@05.2 86-172/45268Z-.2?;,90345.3D2>-99-E5<2,:2]8/;.52^;,90340172 [.-;?281<2/452+65.0=812\5<0=892+33-=08/0-1D2E40=42/452 6-3/206?-./81/28;/4-.32E.0/52>-.D2.5>5..0172/-2&(2E55G3D2%)2 E55G3D2%(2E55G3281<2&$2E55G3B

FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS

C/203201/5.53/0172/-21-/52/48/20123=051=5235/2/45268Z-.2 ?;,90345.328.528992^;,90340172R-6?81:D2E40952012/45298E2 35/D289/4-;742/45268Z-.0/:28.52->2/45298//5.D2/45.52032893-282 \5<0=892+33-=08/0-1B J-.2E48/2=-1=5.132/4529060/32->2753/8/0-1892875323;??-./5<2 012,-/42=83532/452?.5<-60181/28752032&(2E55G3B DUNa V` QVร R_R[a N_R aUR \]V[V\[` VZZRQVNaRYf S\YY\dV[T aUR ZNV[ \[R aUNa V[ aUR PN`R \S `PVR[PR N_R dRYY QRยน[RQ 012&"281<2012%"2E55G3D2E40952012/452=8352->2/45298E20326-.52 @8.05<2?8330172>.-62%)2E55G3D2;?2/-2%(2/-2&$B

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the SCIENTOMETRIC

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ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC ISSUES

FROM LAW SET and SCIENCE SET

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TOOLS FOR DATAS Publish or Perish

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PAPER OVER THE TIME

5 4,8 4,6 4,4 4,2 4 3,8 3,6 3,4 3,2 3 2,8 2,6 2,4 2,2 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2

VOLUME OF PUBLISHED PAPERS EACH YEAR

F452@03;890H8/0-1234-E324-E2681:2?8?5.2E.0/53201258=42 :58.328,-;/2>5/892?801B2C12/452;??5.2?8./2/45.528.52=-99-=8/5<2 aUR `PVR[aVยนP ]N]R_` V[ aUR Y\dR_ ]N_a aUR YRTV`YNaVcR \[R` J-.23=051=5D2?8?5.32=-@5.2/452?5.0-<2,5/E5512%')(281<2&(%&2 81<2/45268Z-.2?58G2->2?;,90=8/0-12032012&(((B C13/58<D201298E235/2?8?5.32,57012>.-62%')(D2,;/2.58=42/452 &(%!D281<2/45268Z-.2?58G32->2?8?5.328.52/4.55T2&((%D2&((#D2 &(()B

'&

1960

Science Set Law Set

0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8 3

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1


1978

THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS

'!

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012


TOP JOURNAL PER YEAR JOURNALS PUBLISHED EACH YEAR

SCIENCE SET F4528189:3032->2Z-;.18932899-E32;32/-20<51/0>:2E40=428.52 /48268012?;,90=8/0-132-@5.2/065281<2E40=42=8/57-.0532/45:2 ,59-172/-B C123=051=5235/D2Z-;.18932=-@5.2823?812->2-@5.2-1524;1<.5<2 :58.3D22>.-62%'(%2/-2&(%%B

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THE JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

A weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Society for Neuroscience Medical Association

Neuroscience

BRAIN RESEARCH

A peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on several aspects of neuroscience published by Elsevier Publishing Company

Neuroscience

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Official scientific journal of the United States National Academy of Sciences Medical Association

NEURON

A biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal of neuroscience published by Cell Press Publishing Company

Neuroscience

THE LANCET

A weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal published by Elsevier Publishing Company

PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

A journal that provides state of the art coverage of timely issues in physiological and biomedical sciences published by the American Physiological Society Medical Association

Physiology

Science

Medicine

BRAIN

A peer-reviewed scientific journal of neurology published by Oxford University Press Publishing Company

Neurology


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THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS

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LAW SET F4528189:3032->2Z-;.18932899-E32;32/-20<51/0>:2E40=428.52 /48268012?;,90=8/0-132-@5.2/065281<2E40=42=8/57-.0532/45:2 ,59-172/-B C1298E235/D2Z-;.189328.52?.5351/2>.-62>5E2:58.3D2=-6?8.5<2/-2 3=051=5T2/45:23/8./2>.-62%')(D2,;/2.58=42&(%&D2-152:58.26-.5B

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THE LANCET

PEDIATRICS

A weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal published by Elsevier Medical Association

A peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Academy of Pediatrics Science

BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL

A weekly open-access peer-reviewed medical journal published by British Medical Association Medical Association

Medicine

JAMA: THE JOURNAL OF THE AMA

A weekly peer-reviewed medical journal published tby the American Medical Association Medical Association

Medicine

Medical Association

Pediatrics

THE NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE A peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society Medical Association

JOURNAL OF PERINATAL MEDICINE

Medicine

An international forum covering the whole field of perinatal medicine and neonatalogy, published by De Gruyter Publishing Company Perinatal medicine


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THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS


TOP JOURNAL BY COMPARISON SCIENCE SET

+189:30172/452?.5560151/2Z-;.18932012/452<5,8/52-12>5/892 ?801D2E52=8120<51/0>:2/E-268012=8/57-.0532012E40=42/45:2 ,59-17T2^;,90340172R-6?81:281<2\5<08=892+33-=08/0-1B

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Medicine

PUBLISHING COMPANY

The Lancet

Neuroscience

Brain

The journal of Neuroscience Neurology Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Physiological Reviews

MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Science

Physiology


THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS

M/45.E035D2/4526-3/2->2Z-;.18932->298E235/28.52=-115=5/5<2 /-2\5<0=892833-=08/0-13D2<5890172E0/42/4527515.89235=/-.32>-2 65<0=015281<2?5<08/.0=3B

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LAW SET

The Lancet

PUBLISHING COMPANY Journal of Perinatal Medicine

Medicine ''

British Medical Journal

JAMA: The Journal of the AMA

Pediatrics

The New England Journal of Medicine

MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Perinatal medicine and neonatology

Pediatrics


MAIN KEYWORDS IN PAPERS TAG CLOUD

C123=051=5235/D2/45268012G5:E-.<32;35<2012?8?5.328.52 Naa_VObaRQ a\ aUR `]RPVยนP `PVR[aVยนP ยนRYQ' N[VZNY` V` aUR 6-3/2?.5351/2E-.<D2/48/2032.5>5..5<2/-25A?5.0651/8/0-12012 98,-.8/-.053Y24;681281<21-14;68128.52<;.5=/9:2.598/5<2

SCIENCE SET

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT

GLUTAMIC ACID

SEROTONIN SALIVATION

FEMALE

%((

CEREBELLUM

PREGNANCY

IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION

NERVE DEGENERATION

STEM CELLS

BRAIN

SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX

NOCICEPTION RATS

ANALGESICS

WHITE MATTER

BRAIN CELL COLLAGEN TYPE 5

NEURONS FETUS PAIN THRESHOLD

PAIN

NONHUMAN

EMBRYO

SEIZURE

FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

ANIMALS HIPPOCAMPUS

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SENSORY NERVE ANALGESIA OPIATE VISUAL CORTEX THALAMUS CELL CULTURE

MALE

CEREBRAL CORTEX

TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS NUCLEAR FACTOR

RNA MESSENGER CONTROLLED STUDY

VANILLOID RECEPTOR AGE


THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS

C1298E235/D2/45.528.52E-.<3268019:2.598/5<2/-2?5.3-1D2,-/42 E-681281<2,8,:D2,;/2E48/2=-6532/-29074/2032/452;352->2 /5.632=-115=/5<2/-26-.89D23-=089D2?-90/0=89D2=;9/;.89283?5=/2

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LAW SET

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT

HEMOGLOBIN NEUROPEPTIDE

FERTILIZATION IN VITRO WEIGHT GAIN

SHORT SURVEY

GESTATIONAL AGE CHILD CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE HYPERTENSION TEACHING HOSPITAL TREATMENT OUTCOME

FETUS

FEMALE PREGNANCY HUMAN UNITED STATES STRESS

SOCIAL ASPECT AGED

PERSONHOOD

RISK

THYROID HORMONE FACTORS REFERENCE VALUES

NEWBORN

PAIN ADULT MEDICAL ETHICS

MALE

WOMEN'SHEALTH ABORTION

BEGINNING OF HUMAN LIFE

INSULIN RESISTANCE

SOCIOECONOMICS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY INFRARED

PERICARDIUM HYDROCORTISONE

SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE UNITED KINGDOM

SMALL FOR DATE INFANT

BIRTH WEIGHT SODIUMCHLORIDE PLACENTA WEIGHT ABORTIONLEGAL OBSTETRICS

METHODOLOGY

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1999

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2006

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Science Set Law Set


MAIN KEYWORDS IN PAPERS

THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS

SVEN ANALYSIS

c30172_@512E52=812<5/5.60152/452FJD2/48/2032/452 F5.62J.5I;51=:2012/452?8?5.3D2<03/017;034017286-172 QVร R_R[a aNT` N``VT[RQ a\ dRO`VaR`' .baU\_VaNaVcR ;\[

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WIKIPEDIA ANALYSIS “Neonatal perception” 10 November 2005, 21:43:31

-

19 November 2013, 00:13:46

p.b.

7^ R. BRUSSEAU, L. MYERS Development of SENSORIAL RECEPTORS of perioral zone

BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL PAIN PERCEPTION only after birth

DR. VAN SCHELTEMA Development of CONNECTION between SPINAL CORD and THALAMUS

15^

100

16^

R. BRUSSEAU, L. MYERS Development of SENSORIAL RECEPTORS of TRUNK and endings of ARMS and LEGS

17^ PROF. STUART CAMPBELL Observation of SMILING FETUS

%("

90

18^ PROF. STUART CAMPBELL Observation of CRYING FETUS

80

7^ M. L. CONDIC Communicaton bet ween NEURONS and BRAI N

24^ RCOG - 2010 Beginning of PAIN PERCEPTION by fetus

70

8^ M. L. CONDIC Development of NEURAL CIRCUITS responsible of the prior REACTION TO PAIN

60 50 40 30 20 10

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014


THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS

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Article size over time 25 kb

F4526-3/25<0/328.5268<52,:2.5703/5.5<2;35.3281<2-19:2%&j2 8.52,:281-106-;3B2_-D2/452?8752032@5.:2.5908,95281<270@532 b`RSbY `]RPVยนP V[S\_ZNaV\[ C12>8=/D2/4526-3/25<0/328.52<0.5=/9:2.598/5<2/-28;/4-.0/8/0@52 ]R\]YR S_\Z `PVR[aVยนP ZRQVPNY NPNQRZVPNY d\_YQ PVaV[T /450.2?8?5.3281<2Z-;.1893

20 kb

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15 kb

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2013

%(#


WIKIPEDIA ANALYSIS “Abortion in the United States” 01 July 2003, 10:55:28

-

09 December 2013, 00:57:51

US LEGAL ABORTION REGIM E

Determining the beginning of the lif e when the fetus is ‘VIABLE’ outside the womb (28 WEEKS or, in some cas e, until to 24 WEEKS)

THE YOUNGEST PREMATURE CHILD

ARIZONA ABORTION B AN

The youngest child to survive a premature birth in the US at 21 WEEKS AND 3 DAYS gestation

%()

Outlawing SECOND-TRIMESTER abortion with no ex ception to protect woman's health

120

KANSAS ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion af ter 22 WEEKS HUMAN HEARTBE AT PROTECTION ACT.

Banning abortion af ter 12 WEEKS, when it’s possible to detect the FE TAL HEARTBEAT with ultrasound

ALABAMA ABORTION B AN Outlawing abortion af ter 20 WEEKS

100

NORTH DAKOTA ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion af ter 6 WEEKS

RESTRICTION IN U TAH Abortions must be performed in a hospital after the first 90 DAYS of pregnancy

ARKANSAS ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion af ter 12 WEEKS

80

60

40

20

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014


THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS

U+,-./0-12012/452c10/5<2_/8/53V2032/452?8752-12K0G0?5<082 <5890172E0/42/452033;52-12>5/892?8012>.-62E48/2=-1=5.132/452 <5@59-?0172->2.598/0@5298E3B +189:H0172/4032?8752>.-62%2d;9:2&((!2/-2'2f5=56,5.2&(%!D2 E52=812G1-E2/48/28.5268<52&B((#25<0/32012/-/89D281<286-172 /4562/45268Z-.2032*&j281<2/452601-.2&$jB

Article size over time 90 kb 80 kb 70 kb

`--G01728/2/452=;.@52-12/4527.8?428,-;/28./0=95230H52-@5.2 aVZR Va²` PYRN_ U\d aUR V[aR_R`a V[ aUR QRONaR \[ SRaNY ]NV[ =-13?0=;-;39:2<5@59-?5<2012/452983/2:58.3D2,5=-60172812 UVTU ]VaPURQ P\[a_\cR_`f \S \b_ QNf` 1VĂ›R_R[aYf S_\Z aUR ÂŻ;R\[NaNY ]R_PR]aV\[° ]NTR aUR_R N_R Z\`a `VT[VšPN[a RQVa` 012/5.62-1230H5B

60 kb 50 kb 40 kb 30 kb 20 kb 10 kb

2003

F4526-3/25<0/328.5268<52,:2.5703/5.5<2;35.3D2,;/2!#j28.52,:2 81-106-;3B2 O<0/328.52>.5I;51/281<2<0.5=/D:2.598/5<2/-2=4817532012 +65.0=8129570398/0-1T28?8./2->2>5<5.89298ED2012>8=/D258=42 3/8/5328.5201/.-<;=017215E2,81281<2=48175320128,-./0-1298ED2 =-115=/0172E0/42/452033;52->2>5/892?801281<2E55G2753/8/0-1892 8752301=52E4512>5/;32=812>5592?801B

2006

2008

2011

2013

%(*


WIKIPEDIA ANALYSIS BY COMPARISON

16^

BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL PAIN PERCEPTION only after birth

R. BRUSSEAU, L. MYERS Development of SENSORIAL RECEPTORS of perioral zone

FIRST EDIT

120

DR. VAN SCHELTEMA Development of CONNECTION between SPINAL CORD and THALAMUS

p.b.

7^

PROF Ob

15^ R. BRUSSEAU, L. MYERS Development of SENSORIAL RECEPTORS of TRUNK and endings of ARMS and LEGS

100 80 60 40 20

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

%($ 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 FIRST EDIT

THE YOUNGEST PREMATURE CHILD The youngest child to survive a premature birth in the US at 21 WEEKS AND 3 DAYS gestation

US LEGAL ABORTION REGIME

Determining the beginning of the life when the fetus is ‘VIABLE’ outside the womb (28 WEEKS or, in some case, until to 24 WEEKS)

ARIZONA ABORTION BAN

Outlawing SECOND-TRIMESTER abortion with no exception to protect woman's health


THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS

18^

17^

F. STUART CAMPBELL bservation of SMILING FETUS

PROF. STUART CAMPBELL Observation of CRYING FETUS

24^ RCOG - 2010 Beginning of PAIN PERCEPTION by fetus

7^ M. L. CONDIC Communicaton between NEURONS and BRAIN 8^ M. L. CONDIC Development of NEURAL CIRCUITS responsible of the prior REACTION TO PAIN

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

R-6?8.0172/452<5@59-?0172->2/452?87532U]5-18/892 ?5.=5?/0-1V281<2U+,-./0-12012/452c10/5<2_/8/53VD2E521-/0=52 /48/2/45201/5.53/201298E23/8./32,5>-.52012/065T2301=52&((!2 aUR_R N_R `VT[VยนPN[a a_RNaZR[a` \S V``bR V[ aUR ]NTR _RYNaRQ /-298ED2E40952/452,570110172->2<03=;330-12-12>5/892?8012<8/532 ,8=G2/-2&(()B

ARKANSAS ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion after 12 WEEKS RESTRICTION IN UTAH

ALABAMA ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion after 20 WEEKS

NORTH DAKOTA ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion after 6 WEEKS

HUMAN HEARTBEAT PROTECTION ACT.

Banning abortion after 12 WEEKS, when itโ s possible to detect the FETAL HEARTBEAT with ultrasound

KANSAS ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion after 22 WEEKS

Abortions must be performed in a hospital after the first 90 DAYS of pregnancy

J.-62/4032:58.D2,-/42/452?875327.-E28/2/452386523?55<D2 `\ aUR V[aR_R`a \S aUR `PVR[aVยนP V``bR V` _RYNaRQ dVaU aUR /.58/651/2->298E281<20/32=4817532-@5.2/065B2 DR PN[ [\aVPR N ZbabNY V[ยบbR[PR ORadRR[ `PVR[PR N[Q YNd /48/2899-E32;32/-2?.53;652-152<5?51<32>.-62/452-/45.2-15D2 N[Q cVPR cR_`N 6[ ]N_aVPbYN_ Vaยฒ` ]\``VOYR a\ aUV[X aUNa RNPU 15E2<03=-@5.:20123=051=524832=-135I;51=532/-298E3281<D2 \aUR_dV`R aUNa YNd` PN[ aNXR `PVR[aVยนP QRONaR V[ N `]RPVยนP <0.5=/0-1B2

%('


%%(


SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS: CONCLUSIONS J.-62/4528189:3032->215/E-.G3281<2=-115=/0-13286-172 aUR NbaU\_` ยน_`a `U\dRQ N ]_RcNYR[PR \S \]V[V\[` \[ aUR 753/8/0-189287529060/2=-1@5.70172/-2/452&(2E55G32E0/42&(jD22 /452&"2E55G32E0/42%'D#j281<2/452%(2E55G32E0/42%$D#jB ]5/E-.G32.598/5<2/-23=051=5248@5240749074/5<23-652 ?;,90345.32->27.58/5.206?-./81=52/4812/452-/45.3D2832 ?;,90345.32->28298.7521;6,5.2->2?8?5.3B +6-172/45352/4527.58/5.2032O935@05.D2>-99-E5<2,:2K095:2 M190152`0,.8.:281<2`0??01=-//2K09908632g2K09G013B J-.2/45:201<55<2E.0/52/4526-3/206?-./81/28;/4-.3D2 5A?.5330172/450.23;??-./2>-.2/452&(2E55G3D2/452&"2E55G3281<2 /452%"2E55G3B F45215/E-.G32.598/5<2/-2/45298E248@5268<52565.752878012 O935@05.286-172/45268Z-.2?;,90345.3D2>-99-E5<2,:2]8/;.52 ^;,90340172[.-;?281<2/452+65.0=812\5<0=892+33-=08/0-1D2 >-.2E40=42E.0/52/4526-3/206?-./81/28;/4-.3D2.5>5..0172/-2/452 &(2E55G3D2/452%)2E55G3D2/452%(2E55G3281<2/452&$2E55G3B

THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS

C/203201/5.53/0172/-21-/52/48/20123=051=5235/2/45268Z-.2 ?;,90345.328.528992^;,90340172R-6?81:D2E40952012/45298E2 35/D289/4-;742/45268Z-.0/:28.52->2/45298//5.D2/45.52032893-282 \5<0=892+33-=08/0-1B J-.2E48/2=-1=5.132/4529060/32->2753/8/0-1892875323;??-./5<2 012,-/42=83532/452?.5<-60181/28752032/452&(2E55G3B DUNa V` QVร R_R[a N_R aUR \]V[V\[` VZZRQVNaRYf S\YY\dV[T aUR ZNV[ \[R aUNa V[ aUR PN`R \S `PVR[PR N_R dRYY QRยน[RQ 012&"281<2012%"2E55G3D2E40952012/452=8352->2/45298E20326-.52 @8.05<2?8330172>.-62%)2E55G3D2;?2/-2%(2/-2&$B

%%%


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the ABORTION

.06

LAWS

%%!


%%"


ANALIZING ABORTION LAWS A WORLDWIDE OVERVIEW

+9/4-;7428,-./0-12032=-66-19:2?.8=/035<2/4.-;74-;/26-3/2->2/452E-.9<281<24832,5512?.8=/035<2301=529-172,5>-.52/452,5701N 10172->2.5=-.<5<2403/-.:D20/2032823;,Z5=/2/48/28.-;3532?8330-1281<2=-1/.-@5.3:B22 R.58/017282E-.9<E0<52-@5.@05E2->28,-./0-1298E281<2?-90=:281<28128189:3032->2.5=51/2<5@59-?651/3201@-9@532821;6,5.2->2 68Z-.2=489951753B2_-6528.5298.759:2?.8=/0=89201218/;.5B2`5789268/5.08932012681:2=-;1/.053D2?8./0=;98.9:2012/452<5@59-?0172 P\b[a_VR` N_R QVÜPbYa a\ \OaNV[ AUR YRTNY V[S_N`a_bPab_R \S `\ZR P\b[a_VR` V` [\a dRYY QRcRY\]RQ YNd` V[ S\_PR UNcR [\a ,5512=-995=/5<2-.2,.-;74/2;?2/-2<8/5281<201>-.68/0-128,-;/298E320321-/2E0<59:2<03356018/5<25@512E0/4012/452=-;1/.:B +2>;./45.2=-6?90=8/0-128.03532>.-62/452>5<5.89218/;.52->2=5./8012=-;1/.053B2+32/45201<0@0<;8923;,NZ;.03<0=/0-132->2/45352=-;1N a_VR` UNcR aURV_ \d[ `R]N_NaR YNd` Z\_R aUN[ \[R NO\_aV\[ YNd ZNf OR V[ RÛRPa dVaUV[ N P\b[a_f \-.5-@5.D2/452957892?.-@030-1327-@5.101728,-./0-12012681:2=-;1/.05328.521-/289E8:32=-1@51051/9:29-=8/5<2E0/4012-152/5A/B2 AUR Z\`a P\ZZ\[ ]YNPR V[ dUVPU `bPU ]_\cV`V\[` N]]RN_ V` N P\b[a_f²` P_VZV[NY P\QR \_ P_VZV[NY YNd` _RYNaV[T a\ \ÛR[PR` NTNV[`a ]R_`\[` S\_ NO\_aV\[ UN` Na YRN`a V[ aUR YN`a ad\ PR[ab_VR` ORR[ P\[`VQR_RQ N P_VZV[NY \ÛR[PR \S N UVTUYf `R_V\b` 18/;.5B2 L-E5@5.D2012/4032=48?/5.2E52E0992/.:2/-2,.0172-;/2812-@5.@05E2->28,-./0-1298E32012/452E-.9<D2E0/4282?8./0=;98.2>-=;32-12/452 98E32012/452c10/5<2_/8/53B2 C12>8=/D2/4527-89245.52032/-2/.:2/-2=.58/52812403/-.0=8925@-9;/0-12->298E32.598/5<2/-2753/8/0-189287529060/2E0/4012E40=42/452 ?.8=/0=52->28,-./0-12032=-130<5.5<295789B

3

types of

ABORTION LAWS

204

countries in the

WORLD

50

states in the

UNITED STATES

%%#


THE ABORTION LAWS IN THE WORLD THREE TYPES OF ABORTION LAWS

ABORTION IS PROHIBITED

ABORTION IS PERMITTED ONLY FOR SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS

ABORTION IS PERMITTED BEFORE THE GESTATIONAL AGE LIMIT AND AFTER ONLY FOR SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS

SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS:

%%)

+,-./0-124832,5512?8./2->2>8609:2?98110172301=5281=051/2 /0653D2E0/4218/;.8928,-./0>8=051/32,50172>-;1<286-173/282 E0<52@8.05/:2->2/.0,892?5-?95281<20128992-;.2E.0//5123-;.=53B2 C12/452?83/2/45248.3453/2?5189/0532E5.527515.899:2.535.@5<2 >-.282E-6812E4-2?.-=;.5<28128,-./0-12878013/245.24;3N ON[Qยฒ` dV`UR` N[Q S\_ `YNcR` dU\ ]_\QbPRQ NO\_aV\[ V[ N E-6812->2407423/8/;3B2 K0/42/4526-@5651/2<;.0172/452983/2489>2->2/452kk2=51/;.:2 /-290,5.890H528,-./0-1298E3D2/40320321-29-175.201@8.08,9:2/452 =835Y2=-135I;51/9:D2957892?.-@030-132-128,-./0-12=812,52 >-;1<201282@8.05/:2->2?98=53B2 _-652=-;1/.053248@5201=-.?-.8/5<290,5.890H5<28,-./0-12 ?.-@030-13201/-2/450.2=.0601892=-<53B2M/45.3248@52518=/5<2 3?5=08928,-./0-1298E32/48/28.5235?8.8/52>.-62=.0601892=-<53B2 \-3/2=-66-1298E2=-;1/.053D2-/45.2/4812/452c10/5<2_/8/53D2 48@528,-./0-1298E32/48/28.52,835<2-12@8.0-;32O179034298E32 N[Q P\b_a QRPV`V\[` @\ZR aNXR N` aURV_ Z\QRY aUR <ร R[PR` +78013/2/452^5.3-12+=/2->2%$)%B2c1<5.2/4032+=/20/2E832?.-40,N 0/5<2U;198E>;99:V2/-2;35281:2658132/-2?.-=;.528128,-./0-12 50/45.2>-.2-15359>2-.2>-.281-/45.2?5.3-12-.2;198E>;99:2/-2 3;??9:2658132>-.2/48/251<D281<2/452?.53=.0,5<2?;1034651/2 E83206?.03-1651/B2M/45.2=-;1/.0532>-99-E2/452O1790342=-;./2

<5=030-1D2P5A2@B2S-;.15D2012E40=420/2E832459<2/48/28,-./0-132 ?5.>-.65<2>-.235.0-;32?4:30=892-.2651/8924589/42.583-132 E-;9<21-/2,52=-130<5.5<2U;198E>;9V2;1<5.2/452%$)%2+=/B2 _/0992-/45.2=-;1/.053248@529--G5<2/-2/452S.0/0342+,-./0-12+=/2 ->2%')*D2E40=4235/32>-./42,.-8<24589/4D2>-5/89206?80.651/D2 81<23-=0-N5=-1-60=201<0=8/0-132>-.28,-./0-13D20127515.892 ;1/092/452/E51/:N>-;./42E55G2->2?.57181=:B2 F4528,-./0-1298E32->2681:2=0@09298E2=-;1/.05328.52,835<2-12 /4528,-./0-12?.-@030-132->2/452J.51=42]8?-95-10=2R-<52->2 %$%(D2E45.5281:2?5.3-12E4-2,:281:2658132?.-=;.5<2/452 8,-./0-12->282?.57181/2E-6812E832?;10345<2E0/4206?.03N -1651/D2832E83282?.57181/2E-6812E4-2?.-=;.5<245.2-E12 8,-./0-1D289/4-;7420/2E832;1<5.3/--<2/48/28128,-./0-12 =-;9<2,52?5.>-.65<2E451215=5338.:2/-238@52/45290>52->2/452 ?.57181/2E-681B2F452%'*'2`8E2899-E3282E-6812E4-203201282 3/8/52->2<03/.5332/-248@528128,-./0-12?5.>-.65<2-12.5I;53/2 Qb_V[T aUR ยน_`a dRRX` \S ]_RT[N[Pf NSaR_ `UR b[QR_T\R` =-;13599017281<2E80/3282E55GD281<298/5.2012?.57181=:2-12 -/45.235.0-;327.-;1<3B2 C13/58<2/4528//0/;<52->2C39860=298E2/-E8.<328,-./0-12032 <5?51<51/2;?-12E45/45.2/4528,-./0-12032?5.>-.65<2,5>-.52 513-;9651/D2/452/06528/2E40=4282>-5/;32780132823-;9B

To save the womanโ s life To preserve health In case of rape In case of incest In case of fetal impairment Womanโ s age or incapacity to care for a child Socioeconomic grounds

R;..51/9:2/452E-.9<28,-./0-1298E328.52<0@0<5<2012/4.55268012 /:?53T2 N2=-;1/.05322E45.528,-./0-12032/-/892?.-40,0/5<Y2 P\b[a_VR` dUR_R NO\_aV\[VQ ]R_ZVaaRQ \[Yf S\_ `]RPVยนP 5A=5?/0-13Y2 N2=-;1/.0532E45.528,-./0-12032?5.60//5<2,5>-.52/452753/8N aV\[NY NTR YVZVa N[Q NSaR_ \[Yf S\_ `]RPVยนP RePR]aV\[`


ABORTION LAWS - 2013

%%*

6%

14% 55%

45% Population

Countries States

TYPES OF ABORTION IN THE STATES

31%

TYPES OF ABORTION IN THE WORLD POPULATION

49%


SELECTION OF THE STATES DIRECTING THE RESEARCH

“fetal awareness”

GENERAL SET

“fetal pain” “fetal awareness” + abortion “fetal pain” + abortion

NETHERLANDS REPUBLIC OF KOREA

%%$

“foetal pain”

SCIENCE SET

foetus + “cerebral cortex” foetus + nociceptors foetus + thalamus

QUERIES’ HOSTS GEOLOCATION with Geo IP

IRELAND

INDIA

BRAZIL

COSTA RICA

CHINA

JAPAN

BELGIUM

AUSTRALIA

CZECH REPUBLIC

LAW SET

“fetal pain” + law “gestational age” + law

AUSTRIA

DENMARK

GERMANY

FRANCE

NEW ZEALAND SOUTH AFRICA SWITZERLAND

“fetal awareness” + law

GREAT BRITAIN

NORTHERN IRELAND SPAIN

ISRAEL

CANADA

PANAMA SLOVENIA

ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF OF IRAN

ITALY

POLAND NORWAY

“foetal awareness”

LUXEMBOURG

TURKEY

UNITED STATES


THE ABORTION LAWS

+>/5.28189:H0172/4526801298E32012/452E-.9<D2E5248@52/.05<2 /-23595=/282>5E2->2/453523/8/532-12E40=42=-1=51/.8/52-;.2 .5358.=42->2/4525@-9;/0-12->2/45298E32012826-.528==;.8/5281<2 <5/8095<2E8:B AUR ยน_`a aUV[T dR UNcR Q\[R V` a\ 4R\Y\PNaR NYY aUR B?9` -,/8015<2>.-62/452/4.55235/32->2/452.5358.=42I;5.053B2 F4.-;742/4032/.8138=/0-1D2E52/45125A/.8=/2/4523/8/532 V[ dUVPU aUR QVร R_R[a `VaR` N_R Y\PNaRQ N[Q dR UNcR =8/57-.0H5<2/45628==-.<0172/-2/452/:?52->29570398/0-12 =;..51/9:2012>-.=5201258=42->2/456B C/2565.75<2832?.5<-60181/2/452/40.<2=8/57-.:D218659:2/48/2 =-;/.0532012E40=428,-./0-12032?5.60//5<2,5>-.52829060/2->2

TR`aNaV\[NY NTR N[Q \cR_ \[Yf S\_ `]RPVยนP RePR]aV\[` _01=52/45298//5.2/:?526-.528G012/-2-;.2358.=42=.0/5.08D2 .598/0172012>8=/2/-2/4529060/2->2753/8/0-1892875D2E523595=/5<2 3/8/5320120/B +>/5.E8.<32E528189:H5<28992))#2?8?5.328@8098,95D20<51/0>:0172 /45218/0-1890/:2->258=42?;,90345.281<2E52>-;1<2/48/2(^+5 =-6532>.-62/452Y384$=5I494$7D2/-+2>.-62/452Y384$=5 `83!="'D2-+2>.-62ID84F$2#93=D2/+2>.-620$2'93;D2/+2 >.-62C$4B$2#93=7281<2/+2>.-62/452629A5:'8294$7B O@512/4523;,35I;51/28189:3032->2[--7952F.51<32I;5.0532 .598/5<2/-2UK$49#5<983W234-E5<282?.5<-60181/2.570-1892 01/5.53/2,:2/452c10/5<2_/8/53B

F45.5>-.52/452=4-0=52->2>-=;30172-12/45298E32.598/0172/-2 8,-./0-12>5992Z;3/2-12/452c10/5<2_/8/53D283282=51/5.2->201/5.53/2 012/452=-1/.-@5.3:2-@5.2>5/892?8012B

%%'

United Kingdom Germany

United States

GOOGLE TRENDS: โ fetal painโ

MOST REGIONAL INTERE ST: UNITED STATES

100

25%

64%

Arab Emirates

2%

2%

80 60

5% Switzerland

2%

Netherlands

40 20

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013


HISTORY OF ABORTION LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES AN OVERVIEW

1783

1803

1821 %&( %&(

1828

1860

0()$%&'*+,--,(*$.3* 6-3/2->2/4523/8/532>-99-E5<2O1790342=-66-12 98E20121-/2?5.60//01728,-./0-128>/5.2I;0=G51017 $,41*0$$0(#,4,")'6* 0()$.(178*+'.(+0$$,4 aUR ¹_`a 2[TYV`U NPa \baYNdV[T NYY NaaRZ]aRQ 8,-./0-132E832?8335<

&2.20&*9:*+,((0+2%+"2* ;<=*(03*/,45 ?8335<28298E2/8.75/01728?-/45=8.0532E4-23-9<2 ?-03-132/-2E-6512>-.2?;.?-3532->28,-./0-1D2 81<268<52?-3/NI;0=G5101728,-./0-13282>59-1:2 81<2?.5NI;0=G5101728,-./0-13282603<56581-.2 5074/2:58.3298/5. &2.20*9:*(03*/,45 ?8335<28298E2/48/2899-E5<28,-./0-12E4512 U15=5338.:2/-2?.535.@52/45290>52->2/452E-681VD2 ,;/201287.55651/2/-2/452<-=/-.

&2.20&*9:*-.&&.+'"&022&* ?8335<28298E2/48/2,81289928//56?/5<28,-./0-132 8/281:2/0652<;.017282?.57181=:2D2.578.<95332 ->2/45201/51/2->2/452?5.3-12?5.>-.60172/452 8,-./0-1

1873

1929

1938

>+,-&2,+5*$.3?6*+,()40&&* 98E2012-.<5.2/-2?.-40,0/2/45206?-./8/0-12-.2 <03356018/0-12->2,0./42=-1/.-9201>-.68/0-132 -.28,-./0-1201>-.68/0-132

230(2/@2'400*&2.20& S\YY\dV[T 6[QVN[N²` ReNZ]YR N_R R`aNOYV`URQ 5;7510=3298E32>-.2/4523/5.090H8/0-12->2@8.0-;32 /:?532->2=0/0H5132012-.<5.2/-25906018/5281:2?-3N 30,952?.-751:2->2U06,5=0953V281<2651/899:2099

1962

1965

0()$%&'*+,"42& >-.=5<28290,5.890H8/0-12->28,-./0-1298E3

1970 1943

-.&&.+'"&022&*&"!40-0*+,"42 823/8/5298E2?.-40,0/01728,-./0-132<0<21-/2 01=9;<52/4-3528,-./0-132?5.>-.65<2,:282 ?4:30=08120127--<2>80/42,5905@01720/215=5338.:2 /-238@52/45290>52->2/452E-6512-.2/-2?.5@51/2 35.0-;3206?80.651/2->245.2651/892-.2?4:30=892 4589/4D2?.-@0<0172/48/24032Z;<7651/2=-..5N 3?-1<32E0/42/4527515.892-?010-12->2=-6?5/51/2 ?.8=/0/0-15.32012/452=-66;10/:2012E40=42452 .530<53

1972

J-./:N/E-23/8/5323/0992.53/.0=/5<28,-./0-132 /-2E45120/2E-;9<238@52/45290>52->2/4526-/45.D2 NYaU\bTU Va dN` _N_RYf QR¹[RQ Wb`a dUR[ aUNa 34-;9<2I;890>:B2 M19:25074/23/8/532899-E5<2>-.2-/45.25A=5?/0-13D2 90G52/4524589/42->2/4526-/45.

.$$*&2.20& ?8335<28298E2/48/2,8115<28,-./0-1D2E0/423-652 5A=5?/0-132 E40=42@8.05<2,:23/8/5T2/-238@52/45290>52->2/452 6-/45.D2012=83532->2.8?52-.201=53/D2-.20>2/452 >5/;32032<5>-.65<

&2.20&*9:*(03*/,456*.$.&5.*;<=* 3.&'%()2,( ?8335<28298E2/48/2899-E28,-./0-132;?2/-2/452 &"/42E55G2->2?.57181=:

+,-./0-12E83209957892012!(23/8/53D2957892;1<5.2 =5./8012=0.=;63/81=532012%)23/8/53281<2957892 ;?-12.5I;53/2012"23/8/53

2


SOUPREME COURT: ROE v. WADE

THE ABORTION LAWS

F452403/-.0=2_;?.5652R-;./2<5=030-12-@5./;.1017282F5A832 01/5.?.5/8/0-12->28,-./0-1298E281<268G01728,-./0-12957892012 /452c10/5<2_/8/53B

22 JANUARY 1973

AN HISTORIC SENTENCE

5 C"2'95E&N"21$; 9J95U>93$5a"$W

]9##975N"?34;5]87428&45 644"23$; \$32;5Z9=$

a"$b75944"23$;7 I929B5Z$==83!4"3

a"$b75944"23$;7 S83=95N"KK$$

2 1969

2

2

2 <03=-@5.5< _LO2K+_2^PO[]+]F E0/4245.2/40.<2=409 < >.051<328<@035<245.2/- +__OPF2J+`_O`h 2 /48/ _LO2L+f2SOO]2P+^O 2 f2012-.<5.2 /-2-,/8012829578928,-./0-1

2 /403 _RLO\O2J+C`Of2,5=8;352/45.52E832 ]M2^M`CRO2PO^MPF <-=;651/0172 /452899575<2.8?5

2

2

83 PO^PO_O]F+]F2->2/452_F+FO2MJ2FOk+_ `M_Of2`+K_cCF2878013/2Z8152.-52,5=8;352-> +SMPFCM]2PC[LF 283282PO_c`F2MJ2P+^O

%&%

1970

1970

>095<281 +^^O+`2//452_c^PO\O2RMcP F

JC`Of2_cCF 201282cB_B2f03/.0=/2R-;./2 012F5A83 M]2SOL+`J2MJ2d+]O2PM O

2

2

1971

2

+P[c\O]F_2E5.5 _RLOfc`Of ,:2/452Jc``2RMcPF2 81<28992_OeO]2dc_FCRO_ 87.55<2/48/2/452 `+D @5<B91 /2 @A?B08 1<D;

2

!"#$%&%#"'($%( # 3/8/52=-;9<2/.58/28,-./0-12-19:28328265<0=892 <5=030-1D2958@0172Z;<7651/2/-2/452 E-681l32 2 ?4:30=081

2

1972 1973

$()*+,&%#"'($%(# WSOJMPO2eC+SC`CFh X 3/8/5l3201/5.53/2032/-2?.-/5=/0172/4524589/42->2 /4526-/45.

/452RMcPF 033;5<20/32fORC_CM] E0/4 82*NFMN&2\+dMPCFh2eMFO2C]2J +eMP2MJ2PMO F452R-;./2<5565< +SMPFCM]2+2Jc]f+\O]F +`2PC[LF ;1<5.2/452;10/5<23/8/532=-13/0/;/0-1D /45.5,:2_cSdORFC][2+``2`+ K_28//56?/017 /-2.53/.0=/20/ FM2FLO2_F+]f+Pf2MJ2_FPCRF2_RPcFC] h 2

2

2

-!%(#&."-/"0"%1&*!&%2(&!(%3$ 3/8/52=-;9<2=4--352/-2m.57;98/5D2-.25@51 ?.-3=.0,528,-./0-1m28329-172832/45290>5281< 4589/42->2/4526-/45.2E832?.-/5=/5<


HISTORY OF ABORTION LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES AN OVERVIEW

1977

1993

&"!40-0*+,"42 ;?459<2/452.074/32->29-=8927-@5.1651/32/-2 .53/.0=/2/452>;1<0172->28,-./0-13D23-2E-6512 `U\bYQ[²a Re]RPa aUR T\cR_[ZR[a a\ URY] ]Nf

&2.20*9:*!0((&/$A.(%. ?833528298E2681<8/017282&"N4-;.2E80/0172 ?5.0-<D281/0N8,-./0-12=-;1359017281<2?8.51/892 =-1351/2>-.2601-.3 !40&%10(2*+$%(2,( >-.,8<52<-=/-.32012>5<5.899:2>;1<5<2=9010=32 >.-62651/0-101728,-./0-12832812-?/0-1

%&&

1996

2003

2006

!40&%10(2*+$%(2,( 6583;.532,8110172/452?.-=5<;.52->201/8=/2<0N 98/0-1281<25A/.8=/0-1D2893-2=-66-19:2G1-E12 832?8./0892,0./428,-./0-12,;/2E0/424589/42 5A=5?/0-13

!40&%10(2*)B3B*#"&' 8??.-@5<2878012826583;.52,8110172/452?.-=5N <;.52->2?8./0892,0./428,-./0-1D2E0/428125A56?N aV\[ S\_ aUR d\ZN[²` YVSR Oba N SRQR_NY WbQTR ,9-=G5<20/3251>-.=5651/201235@5.8923/8/532Z;3/2 82>5E24-;.328>/5.20/2,5=8652?;,90=298E

2009

2010

2011

&,"2'*1.5,2.*),A04(,4*-%50* 4,"(1&* 033;5<282?.-N90>523/8/;/52E40=4268<52?5.>-.6N 01728,-./0-13282>59-1:D2,;/20/2E8323;,35I;51/N 9:2.5?5895<201282.5>5.51<;62/45238652:58.

2012

-%&&%&&%!!%7&*',"&0*!"#$%+*'0.$2'* +,--%2200 @-/5<2/-28??.-@5282,812-128,-./0-1D2,;/2/48/2 ,0992<05<28>/5.2/452L-;35281<2_518/52>8095<2/-2 87.552-12=-6?.-603529570398/0-1-.28,-./0-12 01>-.68/0-132

2013

2013 &2.20&*9:*5.(&.&* ?8335<28298E2?.-40,0/01728128,-./0-12->2812 ;1,-.124;681201<0@0<;892E0/4282<5/5=/8,952 >5/892458./,58/

&2.20&*9:*+,$,4.1,* ;<=*-%&&%&&%!!% 48@523-;74/2/-2,8128,-./0-12,:2658132->2812 8651<651/2/-2/4523/8/52=-13/0/;/0-12,;/20/2 >8095<2/-2?8335< &2.20&*9:*-%&&%&&%!!% .5Z5=/5<28128651<651/2/48/2E-;9<248@52 QR¹[RQ YVSR N` `aN_aV[T Na P\[PR]aV\[ N[Q -;/98E5<28,-./0-1281<2/452,0./42=-1/.-9

2013

2013

A%4)%(%.*',"&0*,C*10$0).20& ?8335<282,0992/48/2-;/98E328992e0.7010828,-.N /0-132,:2<5=98.0172/48/2/452.074/32->2?5.3-132 8??9:2>.-62/4526-651/23?5.6281<25772;10/5

&2.20&*9:*.45.(&.&* ?8335<282>5/892458./,58/2,099D2,81101728,-./0-12 8>/5.2%&2E55G3D2,;/282>5<5.892Z;<752033;5<282 /56?-.8.:201Z;1=/0-12878013/2/403298E

&2.20&*9:*20D.&* ?8335<282>5/892458./,58/2,099

&2.20&*9:*"2.'* 8,-./0-1326;3/2,52?5.>-.65<2012824-3?0/892 NSaR_ aUR ¹_`a & QNf` \S ]_RT[N[Pf

+9923/8/5325A=5?/2+983G8D2]5E2L86?340.5D2 e5.6-1/281<2K53/2e0.701082899-E2<-=/-.32/-2 .5>;352/-2?5.>-.628,-./0-13


ABORTION LAWS - 2013

NEW HAMPSHIRE

WASHINGTON NORTH DAKOTA

MONTANA OREGON

MINNESOTA

SOUTH DAKOTA

IDAHO

WISCONSIN

NEW YORK

MICHIGAN

WYOMING NEBRASKA

NEVADA UTAH

COLORADO

KANSAS

CALIFORNIA NEW MEXICO

ARIZONA

OKLAHOMA

MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT

PENNSYLVANIA

IOWA ILLINOIS

OHIO INDIANA

KENTUCKY

MISSOURI ARKANSAS

TENNESSEE

NEW JERSEY

WEST VIRGINIA VIRGINIA

DELAWARE MARYLAND

NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA

MISSISSIPPI ALABAMA

TEXAS ALASKA

MAINE

VERMONT

%&!

GEORGIA

LOUISIANA FLORIDA

HAWAII

14% of states 7% of states

GESTATIONAL AGE LIMITS IN THE UNITED STATES

18% of states on 50 states

LEGEND OF GESTATIONAL AGE LIMIT

10% of states

38% of states

Third trimester

20 weeks

6 weeks

No ban

24 weeks

12 weeks

Post-viability

18 weeks


DEVELOPMENT OF LAWS ON FETAL PAIN AN OVERVIEW ON ABORTION LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES OVER TIME

%&"

C120/32981<68.G2%'*!28,-./0-12=8353D2/452cB_B2_;?.5652R-;./2 URYQ aUNa N d\ZN[²` _VTUa a\ N[ NO\_aV\[ V` [\a NO`\YbaR N[Q /48/23/8/53268:2.53/.0=/2-.2,8128,-./0-1328>/5.2>5/892@08,090/:D2 ?.-@0<5<2/48/2/450.2?-90=0532655/2=5./8012.5I;0.5651/3B2C12 /4535281<23;,35I;51/2<5=030-13D2/452R-;./24832459<2/48/2 5@5128>/5.2>5/892@08,090/:D2_/8/53268:21-/2?.-40,0/28,-./0-132 U15=5338.:2/-2?.535.@52/45290>52-.24589/4V2W?4:30=89281<2 651/89X2->2/452E-681Y2-19:2/452?4:30=081D2012/452=-;.352 \S RcNYbNaV[T aUR `]RPV¹P PV_PbZ`aN[PR` \S N[ V[QVcVQbNY PN`R PN[ QR¹[R dUNa P\[`aVabaR` ¯URNYaU° N[Q dUR[ N >5/;32032@08,95Y281<2_/8/53268:21-/2.5I;0.528<<0/0-1892 ]Uf`VPVN[` a\ P\[¹_Z aUR NaaR[QV[T ]Uf`VPVN[²` WbQTZR[a aUNa aUR d\ZN[²` YVSR \_ URNYaU V` Na _V`X V[ PN`R` \S ZRQVPNY 565.751=:B2+9/4-;742/452@83/268Z-.0/:2->23/8/532.53/.0=/2 98/5.N/5.628,-./0-13D2681:2->2/45352.53/.0=/0-13248@52,5512 3/.;=G2<-E1B2\-3/2->/51D2=-;./3248@52@-0<5<2/4529060/8/0-132 ,5=8;352/45:2<-21-/2=-1/8012824589/425A=5?/0-1Y2=-1/8012812 ;18==5?/8,9:218..-E24589/425A=5?/0-1Y2-.2<-21-/2?5.60/282 ?4:30=0812/-2<5/5.60152@08,090/:201258=4201<0@0<;892=835D2,;/2

_NaUR_ _RYf \[ N _VTVQ P\[`a_bPa ON`RQ \[ `]RPV¹P dRRX` \S 753/8/0-12-.2/.0653/5.B2C12/452:58.320665<08/59:2>-99-E0172 /452_;?.5652R-;./2<5=030-12012P-52@B2K8<5D235@5.8923/8/532 6-@5<2/-206?-3523/.0=/2.57;98/0-132-128,-./0-12=9010=3D2 ORf\[Q dUNa V` [RPR``N_f a\ R[`b_R ]NaVR[a`² `NSRaf @V[PR 681:2->2/45352.5I;0.5651/32E5.523/.;=G2<-E12,:29-E5.2 >5<5.892=-;./323/8./0172012/45258.9:2%'$(3D23/8/5326-@5<2-12/-2 -/45.2E8:32/-2.53/.0=/28==5332/-28,-./0-1D23;=428329060/8/0-132 \[ ]bOYVP Sb[QV[T 2Û\_a` a\ b`R PYV[VP _RTbYNaV\[ a\ YVZVa 8==5332/-28,-./0-1D2.8/45.2/4812/-268G520/32?.-@030-1238>5.2 .53;.>8=5<2012/452%''(3281<248@5278015<23/5862301=52&(%(B2

LEGEND NUMBER OF PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPERS

8 PAPERS

3 PAPERS

4 PAPERS

10 PAPERS

5 PAPERS 11 PAPERS 6 PAPERS

7 PAPERS

GESTATIONAL AGE 3 WEEKS

18 WEEKS

6 WEEKS

20 WEEKS

10 WEEKS

24 WEEKS

12 WEEKS

28 WEEKS

14 WEEKS

33 WEEKS

16 WEEKS

NO LIMITS




THE ABORTION LAWS: CONCLUSIONS .SaR_ N[NYfgV[T aUR QVร R_R[a af]R` \S YNd` _RYNaV[T a\ 8,-./0-12012/452E-.9<D20/2032>-;1<2/48/2012%"j2->2/452=-;/.0532 8,-./0-12032/-/899:2,8115<D2012##j28,-./0-1328.52?5.60//5<2 \[Yf S\_ `]RPVยนP RePR]aV\[` N[Q V[ NO\_aV\[ V` NYY\dRQ ORS\_R N YVZVa \S TR`aNaV\[NY NTR N[Q NSaR_ \[Yf S\_ `]RPVยนP RePR]aV\[` `bPU N` a\ `NcR aUR d\ZN[ยฒ` YVSR a\ ]_R`R_cR aUR d\ZN[ยฒ` URNYaU \_ V[ PN`R` \S _N]R \_ V[PR`a ]8/;.899:2/4525A=5?/0-132=481752>.-62_/8/52/-2_/8/5D2012 >8=/20123-6528.52@5.:2.53/.0=/0@5D253?5=0899:2832.578.<32/452 M.051/89D2C39860=281<2<5@59-?0172=-;1/.0532B F4523595=/0-12->2/452c10/5<2_/8/53295<282<03=;330-12-12/452 YNd` \S aUR " `aNaR` aUNa P\Z]\`R aURZ ยน_`a aU_\bTU N[ -@5.@05E2->2/4525@-9;/0-12->298E32301=52%*((2/-2/452?.5351/D2 40749074/0172/4525@51/32->2?8./0=;98.201/5.53/B K48/2565.752032/48/2=;..51/9:2012!$j2->2/452+65.0=812 _/8/532/4529060/2->2753/8/0-18928752032?-3/N@08,090/:D2012%$j2 032012/452/40.<2/.0653/5.281<2012%"j28,-./0-12032/-/899:2 ?.-40,0/5<B

THE ABORTION LAWS

P578.<0172/452/065901528,-;/2/452c_+28,-./0-1298E32E52=812 3552/48/2/45.528.52@5.:2>5E2?8?5.32>.-62%'*&2/-2%'$)Y2/452 ยน_`a fRN_ V[ dUVPU N_R d_VaaR[ Z\_R ]N]R_` aUN[ V[ aUR ]N`a 032%''(B22F45240745.21;6,5.2->2?8?5.2,59-175<2/-2/452?5.0-<2 ,5/E5512&((!281<2&(("281<2/45:2/89G28,-;/2%(2E55G3B J.-62%''*2/-2&(%!2/4526-3/2=0/5<2753/8/0-18928752012 =-135=;/0@52:58.32032&(2E55G3B

%&'


1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972 New York abortion law New York allows abortions up to the 24TH WEEK of pregnancy

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986


1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992 Planned Parenthood vs. Casey The Court abandones Roe's strict trimester framework

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Ohio partial-birth abortion ban

Florida abortion ban

The youngest premature child

Us legal abortion regime

Arizona abortion ban

Kansas abortion ban

Forbidden any abortion after 24 WEEKS and request of viability testing for abortions after 22 WEEKS

Outlawing abortion procedures as early as 12 WEEKS

The youngest child to survive a premature birth in the US at 21 WEEKS AND 3 DAYS gestation

Determining the beginning of the life when the fetus is ‘VIABLE’ outside the womb (28 WEEKS or, in some case, until to 24 WEEKS)

Outlawing 2nd-TRIMESTER abortion with no exception to protect woman's health

Outlawing abortion after 22 WEEKS

2012

2013 Human Heartbeat Protection Act Banning abortion after 12 WEEKS, when it’spossible to detect the FETAL HEARTBEAT with ultrasound


%!(


%!%

.07

FINAL CONCLUSIONS


FINAL COMPARISON BETWEEN SCIENCE AND LAW F452983/2/06590152,.01732,8=G2/452.53;9/32->2/452/E-2?.5@0-;32 @03;890H8/0-13D28,-;/2/4525@-9;/0-12->23=051=5281<298ED2 3;?5.06?-35<2/-2@5.0>:20>2/45.528.52.5899:2=-..53?-1<51=532 ORadRR[ `PVR[aVยนP QV`P\cR_VR` NO\ba aUR YVZVa \S TR`aNaV\[NY 87528>/5.2E40=42/452>5/;32,570132/-2>5592?801281<29570398/0@52 =481753B

%!&

AUR ยน_`a P\__R`]\[QR[PR aNXR` ]YNPR V[ &%$ P\Z]N_RQ a\ E55GB2F452407453/2=-1=51/.8/0-12->2=-..53?-1<51=532/8G532 ?98=52,5/E5512%''$281<2&((%D2E40=4201<55<2032/452?5.0-<2 /48/2?.5351/32/452407453/21;6,5.2->2?8?5.3D281<2/45352 68019:2=-1=5.12/452?5.0-<2->2753/8/0-18928752,5/E5512%$281<2 &"2E55G3B C12%'''2[9-@5.2eB281<2J03G2]B2?;,903453282?8?5.2-12/452 S.0/0342\5<0=892d-;.1892=8995<2UH$49#5<983c58'<#8&948"375 K"252$7$92&B593=5<29&48&$WD2012E40=42/45:2=98063T2dLB$5 K$4?75875&?22$34#;542$94$=59754B"?!B5845K$$#753"4B83!)593=5875 !81$353"5939#!$7895"25939$74B$7895K"25<"4$3489##;5<983K?#5 834$21$348"37%5081$354B$59394"'8&9#5$18=$3&$)5845875<"778A#$5 4B9454B$5K$4?75&935K$$#5<9835K2"'5/X5D$$J7e% C12/45238652:58.D2/45.5203282=481752->2/4529060/2->2753/8/0-1892 NTR V[ aUR YNdยฒ` aVZRYV[R NO\ba dRRX`

+2306098.25@51/248??5132012&((%2E4512J03G2]BD2[0/8;2PB2 52F50A50.82dB\B2?;,9034532ยฏ2ร RPa \S QV_RPa SRaNY \]V\VQ 939#!$7895"35K$49#5B"2'"39#593=5B$'"=;39'8&5742$775 2$7<"37$54"583429?4$283$53$$=#83!W2>-.2`0??01=-//2K09908632 g2K09G013D2012E40=42/45:2=98063T2dLB$5K?##59394"'8&5 <94BD9;753$&$7792;5K"253"&8&$<48"3592$5835<#9&$5A;5/^f/*5 dRRX` dUR[ aUR aUNYNZ\P\_aVPNY ยนOR_` ]R[Ra_NaR aUR &"248&9#5<#94$e%2+93-2012/4032=8352/45.52032829570398/0@52=481752 -12&"2E55G3B



1961

SCIENCE SET LAW SET

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987


1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013



CONSIDERATIONS +/2/452,570110172->2/4032?.-Z5=/D2E4512E52<.8E5<2/452 ?.-/-=-92->2.5358.=4D2E524:?-/4530H5<2/48/268:2,525A03/2 N[ V[ยบbR[PR ORadRR[ `PVR[PR N[Q YNd 6[ SNPa N `bZZN_f .5358.=42899-E5<2;32/-2G1-E2/E-206?-./81/283?5=/2->2/452 033;5T โ ยน_`a aUR_R N_R ZN[f QVร R_R[a YNd` \[ NO\_aV\[ V[ ?8./0=;98.2=-115=/5<2/-2753/8/0-189287529060/D281<2/4032>8=/2 O_V[T` b` a\ aUV[X aUNa N_R[ยฒa N[ b[Vc\PNY ]\V[a \S cVRd`( N2235=-1<9:D2/45.5203281201/51352<5,8/52-12/4528.7;651/D23-2 /403206?90532?-330,952=-135I;51=532012?-90/0=3281<298E3B2 _/8./0172E0/42/45352?.560353D2E52=-1<;=/5<2-;.2.5358.=42 89E8:32012/E-2?8.899592E8:3D23=051=5281<298E3D281<2E52=-;9<2 =-13/81/9:2=-6?8.52/450.2<5@59-?651/B +/2/45251<2->2-;.28189:303D2E52=812-,35.@52/48/2/45.52032282 _RNYYf ZbabNY V[ยบbR[PR ORadRR[ aUR `PVR[aVยนP QRONaR dVaU 0/328=405@651/3D281<2/452>.5I;51/2=48175320128,-./0-1298ED2 U\d Vaยฒ` ]_\cRQ Of aUR aRZ]\_NY P\V[PVQR[PR NZ\[T aUR [Rd `PVR[aVยนP QV`P\cR_` _RYNaRQ \S aUR dRRX dUR[ SRab` ORTV[` /-2>5592?801D281<2D2,:2-/45.2481<D2/452753/8/0-189287529060/2 06?-35<2,:298E3B F452010/0892I;53/0-12.568013282I;53/0-1D2,5=8;352/45.52032812 ;10@-=892?-01/2->2@05E28,-;/2/452E55GD23-2E521-E283G2>-.T2 dUR[ dVYY aUR P\[a_\cR_`f ยน[Q N _RNY R[Q,

FINAL CONCLUSIONS

%!*


%!$


%!'

APPENDICE


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2001

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2000

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Journal of Comparative Neurology

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1994

Journal of Neurochemistry

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1981

Annals of neurology

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Petering HG.

1972

Teratology

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Warkany J.

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Wiley Online Library

Gestational age


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