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GROUP 10 NOCICETTORI PICCOLI !"#$%&'
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Jessica Camisasca Francesco Ceciliani Alice Colombo Claudia Crespi Chiara Galiano
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"
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
Controversies on induced abortion
$
Protocol of research
%%
FROM STATEMENTS TO DEBATE
Define the debate
&%
Statements
&&
A research question on abortion
&"
THE DEBATE ON FETAL PAIN
What is fetal pain?
&'
Statements
!(
Glossary
!&
Development of science on fetal pain
!"
Conclusions
!'
#
FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS "!
Definig actors
""
Preliminary results analysis
")
Queries’ tag analysis
"'
Summary of queries’ tag analysis
#(
Triangulation of query’s term
#&
Comparison of macro actors
#"
Inside macro actors
#)
Publisher between both set
#$
Analizing main publishers
)(
Most cited authors
)%
Conclusions FROM ACTORS TO NETWORK
)
)*
Definig networks
)$
Authors and gestational age
*(
Networks of Authors and gestational age
$(
Networks of Authors and publishers
$"
Analizing networks
$*
Conclusions
SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Analysis of scientific issue
'%
Papers over the time
'&
Top journal per year
'"
Top journal by comparison
'$
Main keywords in papers
%((
Top keyword per year
%(&
Main keyords in papers (Sven Analysis)
%(!
Wikipedia analysis “Neonatal perception”
%("
Wikipedia analysis “Abortion in the United States”
%()
Wikipedia analysis by comparison
%($
Conclusions
%%%
ABORTION LAW
Analyzing abortion law
%%#
Abortion laws in the world
%%)
Selection of the states
%%$
History of abortion laws in the United States
%&(
Development of laws on fetal pain
%&"
Conclusions
%&'
FINAL CONCLUSIONS
Timeline
%!&
Considerations
%!*
APPENDIX
*
CONTROVERSIES ON INDUCED ABORTION DOUBTS AND DEBATE ON SCIENTIFIC, MORAL, ETHICAL, RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL ISSUES OF ABORTION
*DEVELOPED NATIONS: Australia Canada Europe Japan New Zealand US
$
BIRTH
PREGNANCY
UNSAFE
ABORTION
SAFE
DEVELOPING NATIONS
DEVELOPED NATIONS
INTRODUCTION
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CHRISTIANITY CATHOLIC CHURCH
ORTODOX CHURCH
JUDAISM
ISLAM
AUR S\Pb` V` aUR S\RaNY ]NV[ aUNa V` QRยน[V[T aUR ReNPa 6-651/28/2E40=4282>-5/;32483282.58=/0-12/-23/06;90281<2=812 ?5.=50@52?801T2/40326-651/234-;9<2=-130<5.2/452,570110172 ->28E8.515332->282,8,:D23-2/452,570110172->28290>5B +992/40320323/.-179:2=-115=/5<2E0/42/4529570398/0-1D23-2/45.52 N_R ZN[f QVร R_R[a YNd` N_\b[Q aUR d\_YQ QR]R[QV[T \[ `PVR[aVยนP Z\_NY RaUVPNY _RYVTV\b` N[Q PbYab_NY V``bR` \S 8,-./0-1B
HINDUISM
BUDDHISM
PROTESTANT CHURCH
Considered CASE by CASE
Just to save mother's life
Just to save mother's life or in case of rape Considered CASE by CASE
Just to save mother's life
'
%(
%%
PROTOCOL of RESEARCH
PROTOCOL OF RESEARCH
1 FROM STATEMENTS TO DEBATE
2 FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS
%&
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3 FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS
4 SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
FROM STATEMENTS TO DEBATE
FIRST QUERY “abortion” WIKIPEDIA GOOGLE (traditional search)
Google.it Google.com
few differences between languages
FIRST 20 RESULTS for each queryf
Fetal pain
or each query
Ethics
Religion
Developing countries %!
Right to Life
shared theme
- more debate - new point of view - recent controversy
+
Right to Choice
shared theme
SINCE WHEN DOES FOETUS FEEL PAIN?
FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS
NEXT QUERIES GENERAL SET
SCIENCE SET
LAW SET
“fetal awareness” “fetal pain” “fetal awareness” + abortion “fetal pain” + abortion
“foetal awareness” “foetal pain” foetus + “cerebral cortex” foetus + nociceptors foetus + thalamus
“fetal awareness” + law “fetal pain” + law fetus + “cerebral cortex” + law
FIRST 25 RESULTS for each query
FIRST 50 RESULTS
for each query
for each query
GOOGLE.COM (traditional search)
FIRST 50 RESULTS
for each query
for each query
GOOGLE SCHOLAR
for each query
SCOPUS Database of academic journal articles
Google Scraper
Publish or Perish
Google.com Research
Google Scholar Research
300 URL
562 PAPERS
417 PAPERS
Research of ACTORS
Research of ACTORS
%" Harvester
176 URL
Extraction hosts
Triangulation
science set + law set
URL Blacklist
Comparation lists: -fetus/foetus - fetal/foetal - awareness/pain
155 URL
Tag of URLs Authoritative
Non-Authoritative
Legal
Sven analyze and visualize medium-sized text corpora
Legal
Research of ACTORS SCIENCE SET
LAW SET
SCIENCE SET
LAW SET
SCIENCE SET
LAW SET
212 PAPERS
150 PAPERS
161 PAPERS
92 PAPERS
SCIENCE SET 103 URL
FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS
LAW SET 73 URL
373 PAPERS
242 PAPERS
GOOGLE SCHOLAR
SCOPUS
Gephi
Gephi
Creation of networks
451 AUTHORS
51 PUBLISHERS
SCIENCE SET NETWORKS
322 AUTHORS
Creation of networks
34 PUBLISHERS
566 AUTHORS
28 PUBLISHERS
SCIENCE SET NETWORKS
LAW SET NETWORKS
GOOGLE SCHOLAR +SCOPUS Gephi
896 AUTHORS
51 PUBLISHERS
SCIENCE SET NETWORKS
125 AUTHORS
24 PUBLISHERS
LAW SET NETWORKS
588 AUTHORS
29 PUBLISHERS
LAW SET NETWORKS
%#
SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS SCIENCE SET
LAW SET
“foetal awareness”
“fetal awareness” + law
“foetal pain”
“fetal pain” + law
foetus + “cerebral cortex”
fetus + “cerebral cortex” + law
foetus + nociceptors foetus + thalamus
FIRST 50 RESULTS for each query
FIRST 25 RESULTS for each query
GOOGLE SCHOLAR
for each query
SCOPUS
WIKIPEDIA
for each query
GOOGLE.COM
Analysis of pages’ history
merge results
%)
“Neonatal perception”
SCIENCE SET
LAW SET
373 Papers
242 Papers
Science Scape
Top journal per year
Visualize number of papers published each year
Visualize journals publishing the most papers each year
LAW SET 73 Papers
108 Papers
Sven
Analyze and visualize medium-sized text corpora
Analysis of medical and academic papers
Paper over time
SCIENCE SET
Top keywords per year Visualize the most used keywords each year
“Abortion in the United States”
Comparison of changes through the years
%*
%$
%'
from
STATEMENTS
.01
to DEBATE
&(
DEFINING THE DEBATE
FROM PRELIMINARY QUERIES
80
SEARCHING FOR A RESEARCH QUESTION
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TOOLS FOR DATAS Google Scraper
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Excel
TOOLS FOR VISUALIZATIONS Adobe Illustrator Google Trends &%
Abortion should not only be safe and legal, it should be rare.
[Bill Clinton, speech at DNC, Aug. 29, 1996]
You shall not murder.
[Deuteronomy 5:17]
&&
Pro-choice and pro-life activists live in different worlds, and the scope of their lives, as both adults and children, fortifies them in their belief that their own views on abortion are the more correct, the more moral, and more reasonable. When added to this is the fact that should ‘the other side’ win, one group of women will see the very real devaluation of their lives and life resources, it is not surprising that the abortion debate has generated so much heat and so little light.
Either you can subscribe to the American creed which says that God endowed us with our rights, or you can subscribe to the abortion creed which says that those rights are the consequences of our mother’s will.
[Alan Keyes, American conservative political, speech at Southern Methodist University, Feb. 24, 1997]
[Kristin Luker, Elizabeth Josselyn Boalt Professor of Law in the Jurisprudence ]
I do not believe abortion should be legal. [Herman Cain, American author]
Abortion is inherently different from other medical procedures because no other procedure involves the purposeful termination of a potential life.
[Potter Stewart, Former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, judicial opinion, Jun. 30, 1980]
The line between lawful and unlawful abortion will be marked by the fact of having sensation and being alive. [Aristotle, Greek philosopher and Politics]
Too many women are forced to abort by poverty, by their menfolk, by their parents... A choice is only possible if there are genuine alternative.
FROM STATEMENTS TO DEBATE
[Germaine Greer, Australian academic and journalis]
An abortion kills the life of a baby after it has begun. [Planned Parenthood ad from 1964.]
Now the word of the Lord came to me, saying, “Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you were born I consecrated you; I appointed you a prophet to the nations.”
[Jeremiah 1:4-5 ]
Abortion... interferes with God’s plan - a plan He willed before He created the universe. Abortion is in violation of God-given life.
These concerns (for orphan children in India and elsewhere in the world) are very good, but often these same people are not concerned with the millions that are killed by the deliberate decision of their own mothers. And this is what is the greatest destroyer of peace today, Abortion...For the pregnant women who don’t want their children, give them to me.
[Mother Teresa Of Calcutta]
[Richard Halverson, Christian Reverend]
They [the women] are never allowed to look at the ultrasound because we knew that if they so much as heard the heart beat, they wouldn’t want to have an abortion.
[Dr. Randall, Abortionist]
&!
A RESEARCH QUESTION ON ABORTION
&"
2005
2006
2007
2008
20
009
FROM STATEMENTS TO DEBATE
Abortion + Ethics Abortion + Developing countries Abortion + Politics Abortion + Religion Fetal Pain Abortion Law
+,-./0-1248329-172,5512/4523-;.=52->22<5,8/5D2=-1/.-@5.3:D2 81<28=/0@036B2F45.5203282=-130<5.8,9521;6,5.2->2<03=;330-132 8,-;/2;138>528,-./0-1D2/45268Z-.2=8;352->201Z;.:281<2<58/42 86-172E-6512012/452<5@59-?0172=-1;/.053B2M?010-132->2 /4032?.8=/0=5268:2,52<53=.0,5<2832,5017282=-6,018/0-12 \S ORYVRS` NO\ba NO\_aV\[²` Z\_NYVaf aUR ]_\]R_ ReaR[a \S 7-@5.1651/8928;/4-.0/:2012?;,90=2?-90=:281<2-12/452.074/32 81<2.53?-130,090/0532->2/452E-6812355G0172/-248@52812 8,-./0-1B2 ?RYVTV\b` RaUVP` UN` N[ V[ºbR[PR \[ O\aU ]R_`\[NY \]V[V\[ 81<2/4527.58/5.2<5,8/52-@5.28,-./0-1B2C12,-/42?;,90=281<2 ?.0@8/52<5,8/5D28.7;651/32?.5351/5<2012>8@-;.2->2-.2878013/2 8,-./0-128==5332>-=;32-1250/45.2/4526-.892?5.60330,090/:2->2 N[ V[QbPRQ NO\_aV\[ \_ Wb`aV¹PNaV\[ \S YNd` ]R_ZVaaV[T \_ .53/.0=/01728,-./0-1B2+,-./0-12<5,8/53D253?5=0899:2?5./8010172 /-28,-./0-1298E3D28.52->/5123?58.458<5<2,:27.-;?32 8<@-=8/0172-152->2/45352/E-2?-30/0-13T2U?.-N90>5V281<2U?.-N =4-0=5V27.-;?3B2
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&#
2010
2011
2012
2013
&)
the DEBATE on
FETAL .02
PAIN
&*
&$
WHAT IS FETAL PAIN?
from
1961
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION
C1=.58301728//51/0-124832,5512?80<2/-2?8012?5.=5?/0-1281<2 0/32/.58/651/201215-18/892?5.0-<T2/4032483295<2/-282E0<52 <5,8/52832/-2E45/45.2?801235138/0-12032?-330,952<;.0172 >5/89290>5D253?5=0899:2012.598/0-12/-298/528,-./0-1B2F4032<5,8/52 483268019:2,5512013?0.5<2,:2/452<56-13/.8/0-12->2@8.0-;32 4-.6-1892-.26-/-.2.58=/0-132/-21-A0-;323/06;9028/2@5.:2 58.9:23/87532->2>5/892<5@59-?651/B2 ^8012=-1303/32->2/E-2=-6?-151/3T2/45235138/0-12->2/452 3/06;9;32W1-=0=5?/0-1XD281<2/45256-/0-1892.58=/0-1D2E40=42 032/452;1?958381/2>5590172<;52/-2821-A0-;323/06;9;3B _5130172?8012.5I;0.53282<5@59-?5<215;.892?80123:3/56D2 dUVPU V[PYbQR` aUR ]R_V]UR_NY ]NV[ _RPR]a\_` aUR Nร R_R[a 15;.892?8/4E8:2/-2/4523?01892=-.<D2/45283=51<0172/.8=/2/-2/452 /48986;3D281<2>.-62/452/48986;32/-2/452=5.5,.892=-./5AB
+2?801>;923/06;9;3201<;=5326-/-.26-@5651/3290G52 dVaUQ_NdNY _RยบReR` \_ O\Qf Z\cRZR[a` dUVPU N_R ->/512.578.<5<283281201<0=8/0-12->2?8012012/45215-18/5B2 C/203206?-./81/2/-21-/5D24-E5@5.D2/48/2/45352.58=/0-132 N_R P\Z]YRaRYf _RยบReVcR N[Q aUNa aUR ]NV[ ORV[T ]b_RYf `bOWRPaVcR V` N QVร PbYa ]N_NZRaR_ a\ ZRN`b_R J-.28992/455352.583-132/452<5,8/52-12>5/892?8012=-1/01;532 a\ T_\d a_fV[T a\ ยนTb_R \ba V[ dUVPU dRRX aUR SRab` ORTV[` /-2>5592?801281<2/4;32<5/5.60152E45128,-./0-12032=812,52 899-E5<B
to
2013 481
analyzed
PAPERS
12
different opinion about
THE LIMIT OF GESTATIONAL AGE
&'
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage. [The International Association for the Study of Pain, 1979]
Interpretation of these reflexes is, however, complicated because they are relatively unspecific indicators of subjective painfulness, even in adult patients. [Sampsa Vanhatalo and Onno van Nieuwenhuizen, 2000]
!(
The experience of pain is modulated by changing emotional input and may need to be learned through life experience.
[International Association for the Study of Pain, 2004]
The presence of thalamocortical fibers is insufficient to establish capacity for pain perception. [JAMA, 2005]
A fetus reacts to painful stimuli by various motor, autonomic, hormonal and metabolic changes [Sampsa Vanhatalo and Onno van Nieuwenhuizen, 2000]
THE DEBATE ON FETAL PAIN
During the first 8 weeks of pregnancy, the human fetus displays a range of spontaneous movements, which are not actually reflexes, as they arise from random muscle actions rather than as reactions to a sensory stimulus.
We know very well that pain is a subjective experience; however a fetus is not able to tell us what they are feeling.
[Richard Rokyta, 2008]
The last half of gestation is a critical period in the growth and development of the human brain.
[Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2010]
[Hannah C. Kinney, 2006]
While the fetal nervous system mounts protective responses to NS from an early age, they cannot be interpreted as feeling or perceiving pain until connections exist to the cortex. [Professor Fitzgerald, 1995]
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THE DEBATE ON FETAL PAIN
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DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE ON FETAL PAIN AN OVERVIEW ON SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OVER TIME
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LEGEND NUMBER OF PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPERS
8 PAPERS
3 PAPERS
4 PAPERS
10 PAPERS
5 PAPERS 11 PAPERS 6 PAPERS
7 PAPERS
GESTATIONAL AGE 3 WEEKS
18 WEEKS
6 WEEKS
20 WEEKS
10 WEEKS
24 WEEKS
12 WEEKS
28 WEEKS
14 WEEKS
33 WEEKS
16 WEEKS
NO LIMITS
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984 American Medical Association Observing adverse reactions to stimuli between 8 and 10 WEEKS
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
Dr. Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand
Prof. Vivette Glover
Development of SENSORIAL RECEPTORS by the 20th week
NOCICEPTORS hooks into NEURONAL PLATE zone. Perception of PAIN by the 23th week
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
Harold Morowitz
Sir Albert Lilley
Continuous brain waves begin at about 28 WEEKS, indicating that the NERVE CIRCUITS needed to carry pain impulses to the brain are not connected till then
FETUS perceivable with sense, reaction to PAIN between 8 and 10 WEEKS
1996 Dr. Peter McCullagh Appearance of anatomic structures to feel PAIN the 10th week
1997
1998
1999
Paul Ranalli
Fisk N., Glover V.
By 20 WEEKS, the spino- thalamic system is fully established and connected, so fetus can feel pain
Anatomical evidence proves that fetus can feel pain from 20 weeks
2000
2001
Chamber of Lord Fisk N., Gitau R., Teixeira J.M. BRAIN developed Full anatomic sufficiently to pathways neceselaborate sary for nocicepSIGNS OF PAIN tion are in place received from by 24-28 weeks THALAMUS between 8 and 10 WEEKS
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Prof. Vivette Glover
Dr. Kanawaljeet J. S. Anand
British Medical Journal
Dr. Van Scheltema
Prof. Stuart Campbell
MOVEMENTS in answer of being touched from the 8th week
Perception of PAIN in answer to NOXIOUS STIMULUS by the 20th weekd
Pain perception only AFTER BIRTH
Development of CONNECTION between SPINAL CORD and THALAMUS from the 14th week
Observation of CRYING FETUS from the 24th week
2011
2012
2013 M. L. Condic Development of NEURAL CIRCUITS responsible of the prior REACTION TO PAIN by the 8th week
DEBATE ON FETAL PAIN: CONCLUSIONS
THE DEBATE ON FETAL PAIN
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SINCE WHEN DOES FOETUS FEEL PAIN? SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY
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TAG OF THE URL SCIENTIFIC LEGAL
Government University Medical Asssociation Scientific Association Encyclopedia Journal Publishing Portal
AUTHORITATIVE
HOST
NON - AUTHORITATIVE
News Magazine Blog Forum Social Network Platform of TV channel Organization
SCIENTIFIC LEGAL
FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS โ foetal awarenessโ
โ foetal painโ
A
A
SCIENCE SET 6[ aUR `PVR[PR `Ra ยน_`a \S NYY dR PN[ [\aVPR aUR ]_RQ\ZV[N[PR ->2]-1N+;/4-.0/8/0@52.53;9/3D2=-6?8.5<2/-2+;/4-.0/8/0@52 -153D2E40=428.523/099298.759:2?.5351/281<28??58.2012?8./0=;98.2 012/452I;5.:2K$4?75T5U&$2$A29#5&"24$VWB2C12>8=/D2/452983/2/4.552 ^bR_VR` b`RQ N` _R`RN_PU ^bR`aV\[ N_R ]b_RYf `PVR[aVยนP /5.601-9-7053281<2/45.5>-.521-2E-1<5.2/452?.-7.5330@52 01=.58352->2+;/4-.0/8/0@52E5,30/53281<253?5=0899:2<5890172 dVaU @PVR[aVยนP V``bR` AUR ยน_`a ad\ ^bR_VR` V[`aRNQ `U\d 306098.2.53;9/3D2/48/20328268Z-.0/:2->2]-1N+;/4-.0/80@52 dRO`VaR` N[Q @PVR[aVยนP V``bR` 6[ SNPa aUR PU\VPR a\ b`R /452<0?4/4-172012UK"$4?7W20326-/0@8/5<2,:2/452<530.52/-2 56?4830H52/4528=405@5651/2->2.53;9/32012/40328.58B2
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51
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15
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
15
L
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15
5
10
5
5
5
10
10
15
15
NA
NA
foetus + nociceptors
foetus + thalamus
foetus + โ cerebral cortexโ
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15
10
10
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5
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15
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15
10
5
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5
5
10
10
10
15
15
15
5
Number of URLs
NA
NA
L
15
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5
10
NA
10
15
L
LAW SET 6[ aUR YNd `Ra dR PN[ `RR QVร R_R[a _R`bYa` QR]R[QV[T \[ aUR QVร R_R[Ra ^bR_VR` AUR ยน_`a ^bR_f PUN_NPaR_VgRQ Of `PVR[aVยนP aR_ZV[\Y\Tf UN` 8125I;892?.5351=52->2+;/4-.0/8/0@5281<2]-1N+;/4-.0/8/0@52 dRO`VaR` Oba N `YVTUa ]_RQ\ZV[N[PR \S @PVR[aVยนP V``bR`
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โ fetal awarenessโ law
โ fetal painโ law
โ gestational ageโ law
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15
15
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51
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5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
15
15
15
NA
Number of URLs
10
NA
NA
10
15
L
FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS
SUMMARY OF QUERIESโ TAG ANALYSIS Authoritative 15
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15
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Science Set 51
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10
15
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TRIANGULATION OF QUERIESโ TERMS ANALYZING DIFFERENCES AMONG QUERIESโ TERMS
FETUS - FOETUS
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fetus + โ cerebral cortexโ
AUTHORITATIVE SHARED HOST
foetus + โ cerebral cortexโ
#( fetus + โ nociceptorsโ
NON-AUTHORITATIVE
SHARED HOST
foetus + โ nociceptorsโ
fetus + โ thalamusโ
SCIENTIFIC
SHARED HOST
foetus + โ thalamusโ
LEGAL
FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS
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â&#x20AC;&#x153;fetal awarenessâ&#x20AC;? SHARED HOST
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FETAL - FOETAL
AUTHORITATIVE
â&#x20AC;&#x153;foetal awarenessâ&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153;fetal awarenessâ&#x20AC;? + abortion SHARED HOST â&#x20AC;&#x153;foetal awarenessâ&#x20AC;? + abortion
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NON-AUTHORITATIVE â&#x20AC;&#x153;foetal awarenessâ&#x20AC;? + law â&#x20AC;&#x153;fetal painâ&#x20AC;? SHARED HOST â&#x20AC;&#x153;foetal painâ&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153;fetal painâ&#x20AC;? + abortion SHARED HOST â&#x20AC;&#x153;foetal painâ&#x20AC;? + abortion
SCIENTIFIC
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LEGAL â&#x20AC;&#x153;foetal painâ&#x20AC;? + law
COMPARISON OF MACRO ACTORS THE REASONS BEHIND THE SELECTION
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Elsevier is an academic publishing company which publishes medical and scientific literature.
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HeinOnline is an internet service that is a source of legal informations and provides access to a large number of law libraries.
WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY (WOL)
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS (LWW)
TAYLOR & FRANCIS
Founded: 1880 Country of origin: Netherlands
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Founded: 1807 Country of origin: United States
Wiley Online Library is a global publishing company specialized in academic publishing for professionists, students, instructors in higher education, researchers and practitioners in scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly fields.
Founded: 1586 Country of origin: United Kingdom
Founded: 1998 Country of origin: United States LWW publishes scientific, technical, and medical content such as textbooks, reference works, and over 275 scientific journals aimed to physicians, nurses, clinicians, and students.
Founded: 2000 Country of origin: United States
Founded: 1852 Country of origin: United Kingdom Taylor & Francis is an international company that publishes books and academic journals about medicine, science, social science, mathematics, law and engineering.
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
SPRINGER
DE GRUYTER
Nature Publishing Group is an international publishing company that publishes academic journals, magazines, online databases, and services in science and medicine.
Springer is a publishing company of academic journals and books about nursing, gerontology, psychology, social work, counseling, public health, and rehabilitation.
De Gruyter is a scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature and publishes academic journals, research monographs, reference works, multimedia publications, and bibliographies.
Founded: 1869 Country of origin: United Kingdom
Founded: 1950 Country of origin: United States
Founded: 1749 Country of origin: Germany
FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS
SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE Founded: 1969 Country of origin: United States
Society for Neuroscience is a professional society for basic scientists and physicians around the world whose research is focused on the study of the brain and nervous system.
BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (BMA)
AMERICAN ACADEMY PEDIATRICS (AAP)
British Medical Association is the professional association and registered trade union for doctors in the United Kingdom which members are also medical students.
American Academy Pediatrics is a professional association of pediatricians.
Founded: 1832 Country of origin: United Kingdom
AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY (APS)
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (AMA)
A nonprofit society focused on education, scientific research, and information in the physiological sciences.
American Medical Association is the largest association of physicians and medical students in the United States.
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (NAS)
MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOCIETY (MMS)
A non-profit american organization focused on science, engineering and medicine.
Massachusetts Medical society is the oldest state medical society in the United States and a professional association for physicians and medical students.
Founded: 1887 Country of origin: United States
Founded: 1863 Country of origin: United States
Founded: 1847 Country of origin: United States
Founded: 1781 Country of origin: United States
Founded: 1930 Country of origin: United Kingdom
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MOST CITED AUTHORS
Papile L.A.
Bur ste in J
BMA
Kouwe nhoven W. B.
B
AM
. Kuh D
A
Jud e J. R.
N
W
PG
SM
Lim
LUCS
. L.P
P. kic Ra
u La C. N.
Ga rre tt P. Grim son A.
Dawson V.L.
.M. Dawson T
. E.D on d n Lo
Le co ur sA .R.
Golding J.
W.H.O.
Osmo nd C .
.W. ith D Sm
ELSEVIE R
Ba rke rD .J.P .
Go df r
. M K.
.L. sK ne Jo
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J.E. rding . Ha D . nP ma ck Glu
WHO
+32E52=8123552>.-62/452=48./D2?;,90345.32E4-2?;,90342 ?8?5.32->2/4528;/4-.326-3/2=0/5<28.5T2:#7$18$2D2E40=42 ?.5<-6018/532-@5.2/452-/45.2832012/452-9<2@05E3D2/452G28487B5 E$=8&9#5677"&8948"3D2C94?2$5@?A#87B83!502"?<D2S?3=5 Y381$2784;5N"!38481$5I&8$3&$D2I&8$3&$5E9!9F83$D2Z8#$;[ G#9&JD$##D26'$28&935E$=8&9#5677"&8948"3281<2/452Z"2#=5 \$9#4B5677"&8948"3B2 C13/58<D2/4526-3/2=0/5<28;/4-.328.5T2/452Z"2#=5\$9#4B5 <_TN[VgNaV\[ =N]VYR 9 . /b_`aRV[ ? /b_`aRV[ 7 8\รกR_ \%)5S8'5S%@%)5S9?5C%N%)50922$445@%581<5028'7"356% G92J$25]%>%@%5D289/4-;74295332/4812/452-/45.28;/4-.32=0/5<D2 8??58.32012/E-2?8?5.32E.0//512012=-998,-.8/0-12E0/4235@5.892 NbaU\_` N[Q S\_ ad\ QVร R_R[a ]bOYV`UR_` C128<<0/0-1D26-3/2->2/4528;/4-.32651/0-15<28.52?.->533-.32 ->2958<0172;10@5.30/0532012/452E-.9<D2->2E40=42827--<2?8./2 032>.-62/452c10/5<2_/8/53D281<28.523?5=0890H5<2012,0-9-7:D2 15;.-9-7:281<2?5<08/.0=3B
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6QR[aVยนRQ aUR ZNW\_ ]bOYV`UR_` aURV_ [NaV\[NYVaf N[Q aUR 033;5328<<.5335<2,:258=42->2/456D2E527-2<-E12<55?5.2/-2 ,.0172-;/2/4528;/4-.32E4-2E.0/52>-.268Z-.2?;,90345.3B J-.2<-0172/48/D2E523595=/2/4526-3/2=0/5<28;/4-.32E0/4012/452 ))#2?8?5.328@8098,95D23-2832/-2,.0172-;/2/4-352E4-234-;9<2 ,52/4526-3/2?.-60151/28=/-.32012/452=-1/.-@5.3:28,-;/2>5/892 ?801B
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Burste in R.
FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS
World Health Organization
Jones Kenneth L.
Harding Jane E.
Specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is concerned with international public health.
Specialized in Pediatric Endocrinology at the Rady Children’s Hospital in San Diego.
Professor of Neonatology at the University of Auckland and member of the Fetal and Neonatal Physiology research group of the University’s Liggins Institute.
Papile Lucille Ann
Smith David Weyhe
Gluckman Peter D.
Trained in Neonatology, she works at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center.
Specialized in pediatrician and dysmorphologist, he teached at University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and at University of Washington.
Founding Director of the Liggins Institute, Professor of Paediatric and Perinatal Biology and Director of the National Research Centre for Growth and Development.
Burstein Rami
Dawson Virgil L.
Godfrey Keith M.
Researcher at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Professor at Harvard Medical School.
Member of the medical staff of the Florida Hospital Altamonte and the Orlando Regional Medical Center as Chairman of the Department of Family Practice.
Prof. of Epidemiology & Human Development at the University of Southampton and Director of the Centre for Developmental Origins of Health & Disease.
Burstein John Harold
Dawson Ted M.
Barker David J.P.
Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and a medical oncologist in the Breast Oncology Center at Dana-Farber.
Prof. in Neurodegenerative Diseases at Leonard and Madlyn Abramson, Chairman of Scientific Advisory Board of Bachman-Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation
Professor of Clinical Epidemiology and Director of the Medical Research Council Environmental Epidemiology Unit at the University of Southampton.
Hoffler Heike
London Edythe Danick
Osmond Clive
Graduated at Humboldt University in Berlin, she works for GTZ (German Technical Cooperation).
Prof. of Addiction Studies at Thomas and Katherine Pike, Director of UCLA Lab. of Molecular Pharmacology at David Geffen School of Medicine University in California.
Medical Research Council Senior Scientist and Professor of Biostatistics at the University of Southampton.
Lim Li Pei
Lecours A. René
Golding Jean
Medical Director of the Singapore Neurology & Sleep Centre at Gleneagles Medical Centre.
Specialized in Internist and Geriatrician in Canada.
Emeritus Professor of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology at the University of Bristol.
Lau Nelson Chi-Wang
Jude James Roderick
Kuh Diana
Assistant Professor of Biology at Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center at the Brandeis University.
Surgeon and practices in Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery at Mercy Hospital in Miami.
Director of the MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing and of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development.
Garrett Philip
Kouwenhoven William Bennett
Research Biologist at Merck Research Laboratories.
Electrical engineer who developed closed-chest cardiac massage, part of CPR and also invented the first cardiac defibrillator.
Grimson Andrew
Rakic Pasko
Assistant Professor in the Department of Molecular biology & Genetics at the Cornell University.
Prof. of Neuroscience and Professor of Neurology at Dorys McConnell Duberg, Department Chair, Neurobiology and Director at the Yale Kavli Institute for Neuroscience.
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FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS: CONCLUSIONS F4528189:3032->2/4523/8./0172cP`32010/0899:2.5@5893282 ?.5@8951=52->2E5,30/532->2E$=8&9#5677"&8948"35P.*%-+QD2 3$D75P.-%R+Q281<2@PVR[aVยนP .``\PVNaV\[ D281<2 /403203201<0=8/0@52->2/452>8=/2/48/2/452<03?;/52032@5.:28=/0@52 O\aU dVaUV[ aUR ZRQVPNY N[Q `PVR[aVยนP P\ZZb[Vaf O\aU -;/30<5281<2>5<2,:2/45265<08D2,;/2893-2,:2/45238652<-=/-.3D2 ?.->533-.32-.23=051/03/32E4-270@5201/5.@05E3281<2E.0/52 N_aVPYR` Wb`a a\ ZNXR aUR `\PVRaf ]N_aVPV]N[a \S aURV_ ยน[QV[T` 81<2/450.2,5905>3B F452<0@030-1201/-2/452/E-268=.-28.5832013/58<240749074/32 aUR QVร R_R[PR` N[Q `VZVYN_VaVR` ORadRR[ `PVR[PR `Ra N[Q 98E235/B2C12,-/42=8353D2827--<2?8./2->2/452cP`328.52C"3[ 6?4B"2849481$D24-E5@5.2/4523=051=5235/2.5?-./32827.58/5.2 ?58G2->26?4B"2849481$2E5,30/532/4812/45298E235/B2F4032 01<0=8/532/45268Z-.2<03356018/0-12->2@PVR[aVยนP2=-1/51/32 /4812/452957892-153D281<2827.58/5.2=-660/651/2,:2/452 `PVR[aVยนP P\ZZb[Vaf a\ ZNXR Va` c\VPR URN_Q aUN[ aUR 9570398/0@52=-66;10/:2.56801328290//9526-.52=9-35<D2-.2 3-65/06532<03/-./5<2/4.-;742@8.0-;3265<08B2 O@512/452;352->2/452<0?4/4-1720123-652I;5.053D2/452 =-6?8.8/0-12E0/42/452.53;9/32->2/45238652I;5.0532E0/4-;/2 QV]UaU\[T P\[ยน_Z` aUR ]_R]\[QR_N[PR \S .baU\_VaNaVcR N[Q @PVR[aVยนP dRO`VaR` V[ aUR ยน_`a PN`R N[Q \S ;\[ +;/4-.0/8/0@52E5,30/532012/45235=-1<2-15B F452=4-0=52/-2>-=;32-12/452+;/4-.0/8/0@528.582032<-;,9:2 6-/0@8/5<2,-/42,:2/45286-;1/2->2.53;9/3281<2/452/:?52->2
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FROM DEBATE TO ACTORS
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AUTHORS AND GESTATIONAL AGE LINK OF THE AUTHORS TO THE DEBATE
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FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS
NO LIMITS
1,7%
of authors
of authors
3 weeks
18 weeks
2%
22%
3
4
S
5
8
32 33
7
34
MO NT H
H NT MO
35
2
F
R STE IME TR ST IR
1
D ON EC
NTH MO H T NIN 39 40 38 37 6 3
6
9
31
12
11
30 29
13
28 ON
TH
23
22
21
20
19
N FIFTH MO
18
17
TH
SECOND TRIMESTER
TH
16
M ON
24
T UR O F
H
26
TH
SI XT HM
15
14
27
ON TH M SEVEN
25
THIRD MONTH
10
THIRD T RIM ES TE R EIGH T
support
FIRST MO NT H
support
of authors
of authors
6 weeks
20 weeks
18,5%
19,5%
support
support
support
of authors
support
of authors
10 weeks
24 weeks
7,2%
7%
of authors
of authors
12 weeks
28 weeks
13,9%
0,2%
support
support
of authors
of authors
14 weeks
NO LIMITS
support
2,6%
of authors support
NO LIMITS
5,4%
16 weeks
support
)'
STARTING DATASET
686
authors
12
gestational age IN THIS NETWORK EACH AUTHOR IS LINKED TO OTHER AUTHORS BY THE SAME GESTATIONAL AGE SUPPORTED. EDGES ARE COLOURED BY THE CORRESPONDANT GESTATIONAL AGE STAND OUT FROM THE PAPER WRITTEN *(
FOR THAT PUBLISHER. NODES ARE COLOURED BY THE MOST RECENT PAPER.
GRAPHIC OUTPUT
686 nodes
36.965 edges
NETWORK OF AUTHORS AND GESTATIONAL AGE FINDING CONNECTIONS
2'0*&+%0(+0**&02*(023,45
K0/4012/45215/E-.G2->23=051=5235/2E48/2565.7532832/452 ยน_`a SNPa V` aUR S\_ZNaV\[ \S S\b_ ZNV[ ]\YR` Y\PNaRQ Na aUR 81/0?-<53D2/48/203D2/4-352->2&(2E55G3D2->2&"2E55G3D2->2%"2 E55G3281<2->2%(2E55G32B F452.568010172E55G328.529-=8/5<28/2/452=51/5.281<2?.5351/2 ^bVaR QVร R_R[a YV[X` ORadRR[ aURZ N[Q N_R Z\_R ReaR[QRQ /4812/452>-;.2?-953D2E40=42013/58<28.523-65E48/29060/5<B F4523;,N15/E-.G2->2/452!2E55G32032/-/899:203-98/5<2>.-62/452 .53/2->2/4527.-;?281<2.5?-./321-2=-115=/0-12E0/420/B C/2483240749074/5<245.52/4528;/4-.32/48/248@5282,0775.2 1;6,5.2->2?;,90=8/0-13281<28.52/45.5>-.52/4526-3/2 `VT[VยนPN[a [\QR` \S aUR [Rad\_X F452680128;/4-.32565.75<28.52f5.,:340.52_BKB[BD2P8G0=2^BD2 R4-02fBKB281<2P0=52fB_B M>27.58/201/5.53/245.52032/-21-/52/48/2/452386528;/4-.328.52 ]N_a \S QVร R_R[a `bO [Rad\_X` 6a UN` ORR[ NY`\ _R]\_aRQ 35@5.892=4817532->2-?010-12.598/5<2/-2/452753/8/0-18928752 9060/2->289928;/4-.3D289/4-;742/452=-9-;.2->2/4521-<532.5>5.32 /-2/4526-3/2.5=51/2-?010-12?;,90345<2012/452983/2?8?5.D281<2 /4512/452?.5351/2-?010-12->2/4528;/4-.B F4032E0992,5=-652=958.5.2012/452>-99-E0172?87532E45.52E0992 ,5234-E1235?8.8/59:2/452@8.0-;323;,N15/E-.G328//8=45<2/-2 /456281<2/-2/4528;/4-.3B
-.%(*."2',4& K;2dBhB K8/G0132`BPB _=4-;51,-.72dB P;,513/5012dB`BPB P0=52fB_B P8-2hB P8G0=2^B \805.2_BJB `05,5.,;.72CB `02LB_B `5@0//2^B 8\`a\cVP 6 8\YagR[Ob_T : 8\U 7 F 8RZ]R_ A 9 d8G532PB L;//519-=45.2^BPB L;/=4013-12\BPB [-5<5./2\B [9-@5.2eB [08118G-;9-?-;9-32kB J0/H75.89<2\B J03G2]B
f5.,:340.52_BKB[B f8E3-12FB\B f8@032SB\B R4-02fBKB R48172LB_B R486,-12^B S8;6812\B .[N[Q 8 7 @ +9@8.5HNS;:9982+B
LEGEND OF GESTATIONAL AGE 3 WEEKS
18 WEEKS
6 WEEKS
20 WEEKS
10 WEEKS
24 WEEKS
12 WEEKS
28 WEEKS
14 WEEKS
33 WEEKS
16 WEEKS
NO LIMITS
STARTING DATASET
87
authors
NETWORK OF AUTHORS AND GESTATIONAL AGE FINDING CONNECTIONS
12
!"#$%&'$$(#!$)#!'*+,
gestational age IN THIS NETWORK EACH AUTHOR IS LINKED TO OTHER AUTHORS BY THE SAME GESTATIONAL AGE SUPPORTED. EDGES ARE COLOURED BY THE CORRESPONDANT GESTATIONAL AGE STAND OUT FROM THE PAPER WRITTEN !"
FOR THAT PUBLISHER. NODES ARE COLOURED BY THE MOST RECENT PAPER.
GRAPHIC OUTPUT
87
nodes
627 edges
#$%&'%()*+,&*-&($%&./)&0%(&10&234$&02/..%+&($/'&*-&($%&0415 %'4%&*'%6&/0&($%&+%03.(0&*-&($%&73%+1%0&+%./(1'8&(*&($10&0%(&/+%& ZV[\_ 6a Q\R`[²a `U\d N ]N_aVPbYN_ QV`aV[PaV\[ NYaU\bTU Va 10&9*001:.%&(*&1;%'(1-<&($%&2/1'&9*.%06&034$&/0&=>&)%%,06&="& )%%,0&/';&=?&)%%,0@ A'&/;;1(1*'6&($%+%&/+%&2/'<&03:5'%()*+,0&0%9/+/(%;&-+*2& ($%&2/1'&8+*396&034$&/0&B&)%%,06&C&)%%,0&/';&D*&E121(&(*& aUR TR`aNaV\[NY NTR( aUR YNaaR_ ad\ `]RPV¹PNYYf _RSR_ \[Yf (*&($%&1';1F1;3/.&/3($*+0@&G0&1'&($%&9+%F1*30&;109./<6&1(& /+%&0$*)%;&F/+1*30&F1%)0&+%./(%;&(*&8%0(/(1*'/.&/8%&.121(& \S aUR QVÃ&#x203A;R_R[a NbaU\_` \cR_ aUR fRN_` dUVYR aUR [\QR` /+%&4*.*3+%;&1'&/44*+;/'4%&)1($&($%&*91'1*'&%H9*0%;&1'& ($%&9/9%+&93:.10$%;&+%4%'(.<@&#$%&2/1'&/3($*+0&%2%+8%;& N_R 1R_Of`UV_R @ D 4 .[N[Q 8 7 @ 3VagTR_NYQ : N[Q I/F3.%043&J@
0,8%
2,6%
11,4%
7,8%
3 WEEKS
6 WEEKS
10 WEEKS
12 WEEKS
9,6%
4,3%
6,2%
14 WEEKS
16 WEEKS
18 WEEKS
23%
12,5%
0,8%
24 WEEKS
28 WEEKS
NO LIMITS
of authors support
of authors support
of authors support
of authors support
of authors support
of authors support
of authors support
of authors support
of authors support
-&.)$&/!"*+( .[N[Q 8 7 @ K%+:<0$1+%&I@L@M@ N1(O8%+/.;&P@ I/F3.%043&J@ M.*F%+&Q@ K+%<&R@G@ N10,&D@ #/;;1*&G@
of authors support
21%
of authors support
20 WEEKS
LEGEND OF GESTATIONAL AGE 3 WEEKS
18 WEEKS
6 WEEKS
20 WEEKS
10 WEEKS
24 WEEKS
12 WEEKS
28 WEEKS
14 WEEKS
33 WEEKS
16 WEEKS
NO LIMITS
STARTING DATASET
686
authors
29
publishers IN THIS NETWORK EACH AUTHOR IS LINKED TO THE PUBLISHERS WHICH HE WRITES FOR. EDGES ARE COLOURED BY THE CORRESPONDANT GESTATIONAL AGE STAND OUT FROM THE PAPER WRITTEN FOR THAT PUBLISHER. WHILE $(
NODES ARE COLOURED BY THE MOST RECENT PAPER OF THE AUTHOR.
GRAPHIC OUTPUT
715
nodes
742 edges
NETWORK OF AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS FINDING CONNECTIONS
2'0*&+%0(+0*&02*(023,45
C12/4523=051=5235/215/E-.G258=428;/4-.2032=-115=/5<2 /-2?;,90345.32452E.0/532>-.2/4.-;742/452-?010-12-12/452 753/8/0-189287529060/25A?.5335<2012/452=-..53?-1<0172?8?5.B DUNa ยน_`aYf P\ZR` \ba V` aUR ]_RQ\ZV[N[PR \S aUR `NZR ?;,90345.32/48/248<2/4526-3/206?-./81=52012/452?.5@0-;32 .5358.=42->28=/-.3D2/48/203D2O935@05.D2K095:2M190152`0,.8.:D2 ]8/;.52^;,90340172[.-;?281<2/452_-=05/:2>-.2]5;.-3=051=52B J-.258=42?;,90345.28.5270@512/452753/8/0-189287529060/32 3;??-./5<2012/452?8?5.3D23-2832/-240749074/2/4525@51/;892 <-60181=52->2-152E55G2-@5.2/452-/45.3B +6-172/45268012?-953D2O935@05.2?.5351/32824-6-75150/:2 \S QVร R_R[a \]V[V\[` dVaU N `YVTUa V[PYV[NaV\[ a\dN_Q` E55G3D2&"2E55G3D2%"2E55G3281<2%(2E55G3B K095:2M190152`0,.8.:2483282?.5@8951=52->2?8?5.32.598/0172/-2 ! dRRX` N[Q \[ aUR ยน_`a SRd dRRX` \S TR`aNaV\[NY NTR ]8/;.52^;,90340172[.-;?234-E3D290G52O935@05.D2812 U\Z\TR[RVaf \S QVร R_R[a \]V\[V\[` NYaU\bTU V[ `ZNYYR_ I;81/0/053D2E40952/452_-=05/:2>-.2]5;.-3=051=52>-=;3532 ?.068.09:2-12&(2E55G3B F45.528.52893-2.5?-./5<2/4528;/4-.32E4-2E.0/526-.52E0/42 aURV_ QVร R_R[a aUVPX[R`` P\[[RPaV\[` a\ ]bOYV`UR_` N[Q 753/8/0-1892875323;??-./5<B2
-.%(*."2',4& S8;6812\B 8RZ]R_ A9 ^8./.0<752dBRB f8@032SB\B 8\YagR[Ob_T : L;/=4013-12\BPB \805.2_BJB P0=52fB_B K8/G0132`BPB \8.012MB P;,513/5012dB`BPB +9@8.5HNS;:9982+B f5.,:340.52_BKB[B J03G2]B [9-@5.2eB +1<5.3-12SBdB :P8Nf ? 1 4 [-5<5./2\B ]5<5.788.<2\B \8//3-12\B^B [;1/4-.?52\dB [08118G-;9-?-;9-32kB J5..05.-2fB\B _=4-;51,-.72dB
R486,-12^B `02LB_B P8-2hB R45172SB `05,5.,;.72CB P:<592PBOB _?09981/0102\[B .[N[Q 8 7 @ J0/H75.89<2\B L;//519-=45.2^BPB R4-02fBKB 8\U 7 F K;2dBhB f8E3-12FB\B R48172LB_B 8\`a\cVP 6 P8G0=2^B [-9<,5.72\B^B [898,;.<82+\B `5@0//2^B CN[ 1R_ 8\\f 1 d8G532PB d5.6812dRB LEGEND OF GESTATIONAL AGE
3 WEEKS
18 WEEKS
6 WEEKS
20 WEEKS
10 WEEKS
24 WEEKS
12 WEEKS
28 WEEKS
14 WEEKS
33 WEEKS
16 WEEKS
NO LIMITS
FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS
Society for Endocrinology The Endocrine Society
Springer
Chang H.S. Alvarez-Buylla A.
AMA
NPG APS
CSHLP
Annual Reviews Marin O.
Partridge J.C.
Koltzenburg M.
McKay R.D.G.
Davis B.M.
Rubenstein J.L.R.
Levitt P. Rice D.S. Jakes R.
Giannakoulopoulos X.
Nedergaard M.
Nature Medicine
Van Der Kooy D. Spillantini MG.
NCBI
Elsevier
Goedert M.
Dawson T.M.
Fitzgerald M.
LUCS Ferriero D.M.
Watkins L.R.
MMS Maier S.F.
ASPET
Schouenborg J.
Glover V.
Rao Y.
Cheng B. Li H.S.
Karger
Anand K.J.S.
Hutchinson M.R.
Rydel R.E.
Chambon P.
Goldberg M.P. Anderson B.J.
The Company of Biologists
Lieberburg I.
Cell Press
Society for Neuroscience
Mattson M.P.
Wu J.Y.
NAS Choi D.W.
Derbyshire S.W.G.
Huttenlocher P.R.
Science Magazine
ASN
Gunthorpe MJ.
Biochemical Society
Fisk N.
Koh J.Y.
BMA
OUP
Kostovic I.
LWW
Jerman JC.
The Endocrine Scociety
Taylor & Francis
$%
Bauman M.
Rakic P.
WOL
Galaburda AM.
Kemper TL.
AAN Enterprises
STARTING DATASET
87
authors
24
publishers IN THIS NETWORK EACH AUTHOR IS LINKED TO THE PUBLISHERS WHO WRITES FOR. THE EDGES ARE COLORED BY THE CORRESPONDANT GESTATIONAL AGE STAND OUT FROM THE PAPER WRITTEN FOR THAT PUBLISHER. THE $&
NODES ARE COLORED BY THE MOST RECENT PAPER OF THE AUTHOR.
GRAPHIC OUTPUT
NETWORK OF AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS FINDING CONNECTIONS
2'0*$.3*&02*(023,45
F45215/E-.G2->2/45298E235/203D2832?.5@0-;39:D2368995.2 P\Z]N_RQ a\ `PVR[PR²` \[R L5.5D2>;./45.6-.5D2/4528;/4-.328.52833-=08/5<2E0/420/32 ?;,90345.32,:2753/8/0-1892875B AUR ZNV[ ]\YR` aUNa P\ZR b] N_R ]N_aYf QVÃ&#x203A;R_R[a S_\Z /452?.5@0-;32301=52E5248@52O935@05.D2/452S.0/0342\5<0=892 +33-=08/0-1D2/452+65.0=812\5<0=892+33-=8/0-1281<2 `0??01=-//2K09908632g2K09G013B J-.2E48/2=-1=5.132O935@05.D2/45.52032893-245.52812 U\Z\TR[RVaf \S QVÃ&#x203A;R_R[a \]V\[V\[` dVaU N ]_RcNYR[PR /-E8.<32&(2E55G3D2&$2E55G3281<2%"2E55G3B F452S.0/0342\5<0=892+33-=08/0-1234-E32812-.051/8/0-12 /-E8.<32&"2E55G3D2E40952/452+65.0=812\5<0=892+33-=08/0-12 3;??-./32012?8./0=;98.2&$2E55G329060/B `0??01=-//2K09908632g2K09G0132013/58<2483282<;892 -.051/8/0-12/-E8.<32,-/42&(2E55G3281<2%"2E55G3B2
-.%(*."2',4& J0/H75.89<2\B .[N[Q 8 7 @ +1<5.3-12SBdB f5.,:340.52_BKB[B J03G2]B [9-@5.2eB _8@;953=;2dB F8<<0-2+B f.5:2O+B
111
LEGEND OF GESTATIONAL AGE
nodes
104 edges
3 WEEKS
18 WEEKS
6 WEEKS
20 WEEKS
10 WEEKS
24 WEEKS
12 WEEKS
28 WEEKS
14 WEEKS
33 WEEKS
16 WEEKS
NO LIMITS
FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS
Taylor& Francis
Springer
LWW Europe Pub Med Central Anand K.J.S.
Fisk N.
BMA
The Endocrine Society
Biochemical Society
Karger MMS
Glover V. Savulescu J.
Derbyshire S.W.G. Annual Reviews
WOL
NPG CUP
Elsevier
ASN
HeinOnline
Fitzgerald M. Drey EA.
Society for Neuroscience
Taddio A.
AMA Anderson B.J.
APS
De Gruyter
Cell Press
LUCS
NCBI
AAP
$!
ANALYZING NETWORKS FINDIND CONCLUSIONS
SCIENCE SET
+189:H0172/452.53;9/32-,/8015<2,:2/452/E-215/E-.G32->2 3=051=5235/2E52=8123552/48/2/45268012-.051/8/0-1328.52&(2 E55G3D2&"2E55G3281<2%"2E55G3D2E40=4201=0<51/899:2.5?.5351/2 /452-?010-12->2/452?.01=0?8928;/4-.32E4-2E.0/526-.5D2832 .[N[Q 8 7 @ 0U\V 1 D N[Q ?VPR 1 @
DVaU _RTN_Q a\ ZNW\_ ]bOYV`UR_` 2Y`RcVR_ V` _RP\[ยน_ZRQ 832/452?.01=0?89D2>-99-E5<2,:2K095:2M190152`0,.8.:281<2 `0??01=-//2K09908632g2K09G013B
Anand K.J.S. Fitzgerald M. Kostovic I. Choi D.W.
28
weeks
Rice D.S. Rakic P. Glover V.
$"
Elsevier
24
weeks
Wu J.Y. Goedert M. Derbyshire S.W.G. Koh J.Y. Kemper T.L. Giannakoulopoulos X. Fisk N. Rubenstein J.L.R. Jakes R. Davis B.M. Chang H.S. Rao Y. Lieberburg I. Li H.S. Levitt P. Bauman M. Chambon P. Alvarez-Buylla A. Schouenborg J. Maier S.F. Hutchinson M.R. Watkins L.R. Koltzenburg M. Dawson T.M.
20
WOL
weeks
18
LWW
weeks
16 weeks
14
weeks
12
weeks
10
weeks
ASPET Society for Neuroscience Nature Annual Reviews Karger Society for Endocrinology Nature Medicine
FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS
+189:H0172/452.53;9/32-,/8015<2,:2/452/E-215/E-.G32->2/452 98E235/2E52=8123552/48/2/45268012-.051/8/0-1328.52&(2E55G3D2 %)2E55G3D2%(2E55G3281<2&$2E55G3B2+93-2012/4032=8352032/4;32 .5?.5351/5<2/45268012-?010-12->2/4528;/4-.32E4-2E.0/52 Z\_R N` .[N[Q 8 7 @ 3VagTR_NYQ 3 1R_Of`UV_R @ D 4 N[Q
Anand K.J.S.
_8@;953=;2dB DVaU _RTN_Q a\ ZNW\_ ]bOYV`UR_` 2Y`RcVR_ V` _RP\[ยน_ZRQ N` /452?.01=0?89D2>-99-E5<2,:2]8/;.52^;,90340172[.-;?281<2/452 +65.0=812\5<0=892+33-=08/0-1B
LAW SET
28
weeks Elsevier
Fitzgerald M.
$#
20
weeks Glover N. NPG
18
Savulescu J.
Derbyshire S.W.G.
weeks
16
Karger
Fisk N. Drey E.A.
10
weeks Taddio A.
AMA
weeks
LWW
$)
FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS: CONCLUSIONS J.-62/4528189:3032->215/E-.G3281<2=-115=/0-13286-172/452 NbaU\_` Va PN[ OR ยน_`aYf `U\dRQ N ]_RcNYR[PR \S \]V[V\[` \[ /452753/8/0-189287529060/2=-1@5.70172/-2&(2E55G32E0/42&(jD22 &"2E55G32E0/42%'D#j281<2%(2E55G32E0/42%$D#jB ]5/E-.G32.598/5<2/-23=051=5240749074/23-652?;,90345.32->2 7.58/5.206?-./81=52/4812/452-/45.3D2832?;,90345.32->28298.752 1;6,5.2->2?8?5.3B +6-172/45352/452?.5560151/2032O935@05.D2>-99-E5<2,:2K095:2 M190152`0,.8.:281<2`0??01=-//2K09908632g2K09G013B J-.2/45:201<55<2E.0/52/4526-3/206?-./81/28;/4-.3D2 5A?.5330172/450.23;??-./2>-.2&(2E55G3D2&"2E55G3281<2%"2 E55G3B F45215/E-.G32.598/5<2/-298E268G52565.752878012O935@05.2 86-172/45268Z-.2?;,90345.3D2>-99-E5<2,:2]8/;.52^;,90340172 [.-;?281<2/452+65.0=812\5<0=892+33-=08/0-1D2E40=42/452 6-3/206?-./81/28;/4-.32E.0/52>-.D2.5>5..0172/-2&(2E55G3D2%)2 E55G3D2%(2E55G3281<2&$2E55G3B
FROM ACTORS TO NETWORKS
C/203201/5.53/0172/-21-/52/48/20123=051=5235/2/45268Z-.2 ?;,90345.328.528992^;,90340172R-6?81:D2E40952012/45298E2 35/D289/4-;742/45268Z-.0/:28.52->2/45298//5.D2/45.52032893-282 \5<0=892+33-=08/0-1B J-.2E48/2=-1=5.132/4529060/32->2753/8/0-1892875323;??-./5<2 012,-/42=83532/452?.5<-60181/28752032&(2E55G3B DUNa V` QVร R_R[a N_R aUR \]V[V\[` VZZRQVNaRYf S\YY\dV[T aUR ZNV[ \[R aUNa V[ aUR PN`R \S `PVR[PR N_R dRYY QRยน[RQ 012&"281<2012%"2E55G3D2E40952012/452=8352->2/45298E20326-.52 @8.05<2?8330172>.-62%)2E55G3D2;?2/-2%(2/-2&$B
$*
$$
$'
the SCIENTOMETRIC
.05
ANALYSIS
'(
ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC ISSUES
FROM LAW SET and SCIENCE SET
665
SEARCHING FOR EVIDENCES
papers
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TOOLS FOR DATAS Publish or Perish
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Scopus Excel Science Scape Sven
TOOLS FOR VISUALIZATIONS Adobe Illustrator
'%
PAPER OVER THE TIME
5 4,8 4,6 4,4 4,2 4 3,8 3,6 3,4 3,2 3 2,8 2,6 2,4 2,2 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2
VOLUME OF PUBLISHED PAPERS EACH YEAR
F452@03;890H8/0-1234-E324-E2681:2?8?5.2E.0/53201258=42 :58.328,-;/2>5/892?801B2C12/452;??5.2?8./2/45.528.52=-99-=8/5<2 aUR `PVR[aVยนP ]N]R_` V[ aUR Y\dR_ ]N_a aUR YRTV`YNaVcR \[R` J-.23=051=5D2?8?5.32=-@5.2/452?5.0-<2,5/E5512%')(281<2&(%&2 81<2/45268Z-.2?58G2->2?;,90=8/0-12032012&(((B C13/58<D201298E235/2?8?5.32,57012>.-62%')(D2,;/2.58=42/452 &(%!D281<2/45268Z-.2?58G32->2?8?5.328.52/4.55T2&((%D2&((#D2 &(()B
'&
1960
Science Set Law Set
0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8 3
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1
1978
THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
'!
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
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TOP JOURNAL PER YEAR JOURNALS PUBLISHED EACH YEAR
SCIENCE SET F4528189:3032->2Z-;.18932899-E32;32/-20<51/0>:2E40=428.52 /48268012?;,90=8/0-132-@5.2/065281<2E40=42=8/57-.0532/45:2 ,59-172/-B C123=051=5235/D2Z-;.18932=-@5.2823?812->2-@5.2-1524;1<.5<2 :58.3D22>.-62%'(%2/-2&(%%B
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THE JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
A weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Society for Neuroscience Medical Association
Neuroscience
BRAIN RESEARCH
A peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on several aspects of neuroscience published by Elsevier Publishing Company
Neuroscience
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Official scientific journal of the United States National Academy of Sciences Medical Association
NEURON
A biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal of neuroscience published by Cell Press Publishing Company
Neuroscience
THE LANCET
A weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal published by Elsevier Publishing Company
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
A journal that provides state of the art coverage of timely issues in physiological and biomedical sciences published by the American Physiological Society Medical Association
Physiology
Science
Medicine
BRAIN
A peer-reviewed scientific journal of neurology published by Oxford University Press Publishing Company
Neurology
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THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
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THE LANCET
PEDIATRICS
A weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal published by Elsevier Medical Association
A peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Academy of Pediatrics Science
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
A weekly open-access peer-reviewed medical journal published by British Medical Association Medical Association
Medicine
JAMA: THE JOURNAL OF THE AMA
A weekly peer-reviewed medical journal published tby the American Medical Association Medical Association
Medicine
Medical Association
Pediatrics
THE NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE A peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society Medical Association
JOURNAL OF PERINATAL MEDICINE
Medicine
An international forum covering the whole field of perinatal medicine and neonatalogy, published by De Gruyter Publishing Company Perinatal medicine
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THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
TOP JOURNAL BY COMPARISON SCIENCE SET
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Medicine
PUBLISHING COMPANY
The Lancet
Neuroscience
Brain
The journal of Neuroscience Neurology Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Physiological Reviews
MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Science
Physiology
THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
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LAW SET
The Lancet
PUBLISHING COMPANY Journal of Perinatal Medicine
Medicine ''
British Medical Journal
JAMA: The Journal of the AMA
Pediatrics
The New England Journal of Medicine
MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Perinatal medicine and neonatology
Pediatrics
MAIN KEYWORDS IN PAPERS TAG CLOUD
C123=051=5235/D2/45268012G5:E-.<32;35<2012?8?5.328.52 Naa_VObaRQ a\ aUR `]RPVยนP `PVR[aVยนP ยนRYQ' N[VZNY` V` aUR 6-3/2?.5351/2E-.<D2/48/2032.5>5..5<2/-25A?5.0651/8/0-12012 98,-.8/-.053Y24;681281<21-14;68128.52<;.5=/9:2.598/5<2
SCIENCE SET
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT
GLUTAMIC ACID
SEROTONIN SALIVATION
FEMALE
%((
CEREBELLUM
PREGNANCY
IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION
NERVE DEGENERATION
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NOCICEPTION RATS
ANALGESICS
WHITE MATTER
BRAIN CELL COLLAGEN TYPE 5
NEURONS FETUS PAIN THRESHOLD
PAIN
NONHUMAN
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MALE
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TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS NUCLEAR FACTOR
RNA MESSENGER CONTROLLED STUDY
VANILLOID RECEPTOR AGE
THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
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PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT
HEMOGLOBIN NEUROPEPTIDE
FERTILIZATION IN VITRO WEIGHT GAIN
SHORT SURVEY
GESTATIONAL AGE CHILD CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE HYPERTENSION TEACHING HOSPITAL TREATMENT OUTCOME
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INSULIN RESISTANCE
SOCIOECONOMICS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY INFRARED
PERICARDIUM HYDROCORTISONE
SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE UNITED KINGDOM
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MAIN KEYWORDS IN PAPERS
THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
SVEN ANALYSIS
c30172_@512E52=812<5/5.60152/452FJD2/48/2032/452 F5.62J.5I;51=:2012/452?8?5.3D2<03/017;034017286-172 QVร R_R[a aNT` N``VT[RQ a\ dRO`VaR`' .baU\_VaNaVcR ;\[
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WIKIPEDIA ANALYSIS “Neonatal perception” 10 November 2005, 21:43:31
-
19 November 2013, 00:13:46
p.b.
7^ R. BRUSSEAU, L. MYERS Development of SENSORIAL RECEPTORS of perioral zone
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL PAIN PERCEPTION only after birth
DR. VAN SCHELTEMA Development of CONNECTION between SPINAL CORD and THALAMUS
15^
100
16^
R. BRUSSEAU, L. MYERS Development of SENSORIAL RECEPTORS of TRUNK and endings of ARMS and LEGS
17^ PROF. STUART CAMPBELL Observation of SMILING FETUS
%("
90
18^ PROF. STUART CAMPBELL Observation of CRYING FETUS
80
7^ M. L. CONDIC Communicaton bet ween NEURONS and BRAI N
24^ RCOG - 2010 Beginning of PAIN PERCEPTION by fetus
70
8^ M. L. CONDIC Development of NEURAL CIRCUITS responsible of the prior REACTION TO PAIN
60 50 40 30 20 10
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
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Article size over time 25 kb
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20 kb
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15 kb
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2005
2007
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2011
2013
%(#
WIKIPEDIA ANALYSIS “Abortion in the United States” 01 July 2003, 10:55:28
-
09 December 2013, 00:57:51
US LEGAL ABORTION REGIM E
Determining the beginning of the lif e when the fetus is ‘VIABLE’ outside the womb (28 WEEKS or, in some cas e, until to 24 WEEKS)
THE YOUNGEST PREMATURE CHILD
ARIZONA ABORTION B AN
The youngest child to survive a premature birth in the US at 21 WEEKS AND 3 DAYS gestation
%()
Outlawing SECOND-TRIMESTER abortion with no ex ception to protect woman's health
120
KANSAS ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion af ter 22 WEEKS HUMAN HEARTBE AT PROTECTION ACT.
Banning abortion af ter 12 WEEKS, when it’s possible to detect the FE TAL HEARTBEAT with ultrasound
ALABAMA ABORTION B AN Outlawing abortion af ter 20 WEEKS
100
NORTH DAKOTA ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion af ter 6 WEEKS
RESTRICTION IN U TAH Abortions must be performed in a hospital after the first 90 DAYS of pregnancy
ARKANSAS ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion af ter 12 WEEKS
80
60
40
20
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
U+,-./0-12012/452c10/5<2_/8/53V2032/452?8752-12K0G0?5<082 <5890172E0/42/452033;52-12>5/892?8012>.-62E48/2=-1=5.132/452 <5@59-?0172->2.598/0@5298E3B +189:H0172/4032?8752>.-62%2d;9:2&((!2/-2'2f5=56,5.2&(%!D2 E52=812G1-E2/48/28.5268<52&B((#25<0/32012/-/89D281<286-172 /4562/45268Z-.2032*&j281<2/452601-.2&$jB
Article size over time 90 kb 80 kb 70 kb
`--G01728/2/452=;.@52-12/4527.8?428,-;/28./0=95230H52-@5.2 aVZR Va²` PYRN_ U\d aUR V[aR_R`a V[ aUR QRONaR \[ SRaNY ]NV[ =-13?0=;-;39:2<5@59-?5<2012/452983/2:58.3D2,5=-60172812 UVTU ]VaPURQ P\[a_\cR_`f \S \b_ QNf` 1VĂ&#x203A;R_R[aYf S_\Z aUR ÂŻ;R\[NaNY ]R_PR]aV\[° ]NTR aUR_R N_R Z\`a `VT[VšPN[a RQVa` 012/5.62-1230H5B
60 kb 50 kb 40 kb 30 kb 20 kb 10 kb
2003
F4526-3/25<0/328.5268<52,:2.5703/5.5<2;35.3D2,;/2!#j28.52,:2 81-106-;3B2 O<0/328.52>.5I;51/281<2<0.5=/D:2.598/5<2/-2=4817532012 +65.0=8129570398/0-1T28?8./2->2>5<5.89298ED2012>8=/D258=42 3/8/5328.5201/.-<;=017215E2,81281<2=48175320128,-./0-1298ED2 =-115=/0172E0/42/452033;52->2>5/892?801281<2E55G2753/8/0-1892 8752301=52E4512>5/;32=812>5592?801B
2006
2008
2011
2013
%(*
WIKIPEDIA ANALYSIS BY COMPARISON
16^
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL PAIN PERCEPTION only after birth
R. BRUSSEAU, L. MYERS Development of SENSORIAL RECEPTORS of perioral zone
FIRST EDIT
120
DR. VAN SCHELTEMA Development of CONNECTION between SPINAL CORD and THALAMUS
p.b.
7^
PROF Ob
15^ R. BRUSSEAU, L. MYERS Development of SENSORIAL RECEPTORS of TRUNK and endings of ARMS and LEGS
100 80 60 40 20
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
%($ 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 FIRST EDIT
THE YOUNGEST PREMATURE CHILD The youngest child to survive a premature birth in the US at 21 WEEKS AND 3 DAYS gestation
US LEGAL ABORTION REGIME
Determining the beginning of the life when the fetus is ‘VIABLE’ outside the womb (28 WEEKS or, in some case, until to 24 WEEKS)
ARIZONA ABORTION BAN
Outlawing SECOND-TRIMESTER abortion with no exception to protect woman's health
THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
18^
17^
F. STUART CAMPBELL bservation of SMILING FETUS
PROF. STUART CAMPBELL Observation of CRYING FETUS
24^ RCOG - 2010 Beginning of PAIN PERCEPTION by fetus
7^ M. L. CONDIC Communicaton between NEURONS and BRAIN 8^ M. L. CONDIC Development of NEURAL CIRCUITS responsible of the prior REACTION TO PAIN
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
R-6?8.0172/452<5@59-?0172->2/452?87532U]5-18/892 ?5.=5?/0-1V281<2U+,-./0-12012/452c10/5<2_/8/53VD2E521-/0=52 /48/2/45201/5.53/201298E23/8./32,5>-.52012/065T2301=52&((!2 aUR_R N_R `VT[VยนPN[a a_RNaZR[a` \S V``bR V[ aUR ]NTR _RYNaRQ /-298ED2E40952/452,570110172->2<03=;330-12-12>5/892?8012<8/532 ,8=G2/-2&(()B
ARKANSAS ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion after 12 WEEKS RESTRICTION IN UTAH
ALABAMA ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion after 20 WEEKS
NORTH DAKOTA ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion after 6 WEEKS
HUMAN HEARTBEAT PROTECTION ACT.
Banning abortion after 12 WEEKS, when itโ s possible to detect the FETAL HEARTBEAT with ultrasound
KANSAS ABORTION BAN Outlawing abortion after 22 WEEKS
Abortions must be performed in a hospital after the first 90 DAYS of pregnancy
J.-62/4032:58.D2,-/42/452?875327.-E28/2/452386523?55<D2 `\ aUR V[aR_R`a \S aUR `PVR[aVยนP V``bR V` _RYNaRQ dVaU aUR /.58/651/2->298E281<20/32=4817532-@5.2/065B2 DR PN[ [\aVPR N ZbabNY V[ยบbR[PR ORadRR[ `PVR[PR N[Q YNd /48/2899-E32;32/-2?.53;652-152<5?51<32>.-62/452-/45.2-15D2 N[Q cVPR cR_`N 6[ ]N_aVPbYN_ Vaยฒ` ]\``VOYR a\ aUV[X aUNa RNPU 15E2<03=-@5.:20123=051=524832=-135I;51=532/-298E3281<D2 \aUR_dV`R aUNa YNd` PN[ aNXR `PVR[aVยนP QRONaR V[ N `]RPVยนP <0.5=/0-1B2
%('
%%(
SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS: CONCLUSIONS J.-62/4528189:3032->215/E-.G3281<2=-115=/0-13286-172 aUR NbaU\_` ยน_`a `U\dRQ N ]_RcNYR[PR \S \]V[V\[` \[ aUR 753/8/0-189287529060/2=-1@5.70172/-2/452&(2E55G32E0/42&(jD22 /452&"2E55G32E0/42%'D#j281<2/452%(2E55G32E0/42%$D#jB ]5/E-.G32.598/5<2/-23=051=5248@5240749074/5<23-652 ?;,90345.32->27.58/5.206?-./81=52/4812/452-/45.3D2832 ?;,90345.32->28298.7521;6,5.2->2?8?5.3B +6-172/45352/4527.58/5.2032O935@05.D2>-99-E5<2,:2K095:2 M190152`0,.8.:281<2`0??01=-//2K09908632g2K09G013B J-.2/45:201<55<2E.0/52/4526-3/206?-./81/28;/4-.3D2 5A?.5330172/450.23;??-./2>-.2/452&(2E55G3D2/452&"2E55G3281<2 /452%"2E55G3B F45215/E-.G32.598/5<2/-2/45298E248@5268<52565.752878012 O935@05.286-172/45268Z-.2?;,90345.3D2>-99-E5<2,:2]8/;.52 ^;,90340172[.-;?281<2/452+65.0=812\5<0=892+33-=08/0-1D2 >-.2E40=42E.0/52/4526-3/206?-./81/28;/4-.3D2.5>5..0172/-2/452 &(2E55G3D2/452%)2E55G3D2/452%(2E55G3281<2/452&$2E55G3B
THE SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
C/203201/5.53/0172/-21-/52/48/20123=051=5235/2/45268Z-.2 ?;,90345.328.528992^;,90340172R-6?81:D2E40952012/45298E2 35/D289/4-;742/45268Z-.0/:28.52->2/45298//5.D2/45.52032893-282 \5<0=892+33-=08/0-1B J-.2E48/2=-1=5.132/4529060/32->2753/8/0-1892875323;??-./5<2 012,-/42=83532/452?.5<-60181/28752032/452&(2E55G3B DUNa V` QVร R_R[a N_R aUR \]V[V\[` VZZRQVNaRYf S\YY\dV[T aUR ZNV[ \[R aUNa V[ aUR PN`R \S `PVR[PR N_R dRYY QRยน[RQ 012&"281<2012%"2E55G3D2E40952012/452=8352->2/45298E20326-.52 @8.05<2?8330172>.-62%)2E55G3D2;?2/-2%(2/-2&$B
%%%
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the ABORTION
.06
LAWS
%%!
%%"
ANALIZING ABORTION LAWS A WORLDWIDE OVERVIEW
+9/4-;7428,-./0-12032=-66-19:2?.8=/035<2/4.-;74-;/26-3/2->2/452E-.9<281<24832,5512?.8=/035<2301=529-172,5>-.52/452,5701N 10172->2.5=-.<5<2403/-.:D20/2032823;,Z5=/2/48/28.-;3532?8330-1281<2=-1/.-@5.3:B22 R.58/017282E-.9<E0<52-@5.@05E2->28,-./0-1298E281<2?-90=:281<28128189:3032->2.5=51/2<5@59-?651/3201@-9@532821;6,5.2->2 68Z-.2=489951753B2_-6528.5298.759:2?.8=/0=89201218/;.5B2`5789268/5.08932012681:2=-;1/.053D2?8./0=;98.9:2012/452<5@59-?0172 P\b[a_VR` N_R QVÜPbYa a\ \OaNV[ AUR YRTNY V[S_N`a_bPab_R \S `\ZR P\b[a_VR` V` [\a dRYY QRcRY\]RQ YNd` V[ S\_PR UNcR [\a ,5512=-995=/5<2-.2,.-;74/2;?2/-2<8/5281<201>-.68/0-128,-;/298E320321-/2E0<59:2<03356018/5<25@512E0/4012/452=-;1/.:B +2>;./45.2=-6?90=8/0-128.03532>.-62/452>5<5.89218/;.52->2=5./8012=-;1/.053B2+32/45201<0@0<;8923;,NZ;.03<0=/0-132->2/45352=-;1N a_VR` UNcR aURV_ \d[ `R]N_NaR YNd` Z\_R aUN[ \[R NO\_aV\[ YNd ZNf OR V[ RÛRPa dVaUV[ N P\b[a_f \-.5-@5.D2/452957892?.-@030-1327-@5.101728,-./0-12012681:2=-;1/.05328.521-/289E8:32=-1@51051/9:29-=8/5<2E0/4012-152/5A/B2 AUR Z\`a P\ZZ\[ ]YNPR V[ dUVPU `bPU ]_\cV`V\[` N]]RN_ V` N P\b[a_f²` P_VZV[NY P\QR \_ P_VZV[NY YNd` _RYNaV[T a\ \ÛR[PR` NTNV[`a ]R_`\[` S\_ NO\_aV\[ UN` Na YRN`a V[ aUR YN`a ad\ PR[ab_VR` ORR[ P\[`VQR_RQ N P_VZV[NY \ÛR[PR \S N UVTUYf `R_V\b` 18/;.5B2 L-E5@5.D2012/4032=48?/5.2E52E0992/.:2/-2,.0172-;/2812-@5.@05E2->28,-./0-1298E32012/452E-.9<D2E0/4282?8./0=;98.2>-=;32-12/452 98E32012/452c10/5<2_/8/53B2 C12>8=/D2/4527-89245.52032/-2/.:2/-2=.58/52812403/-.0=8925@-9;/0-12->298E32.598/5<2/-2753/8/0-189287529060/2E0/4012E40=42/452 ?.8=/0=52->28,-./0-12032=-130<5.5<295789B
3
types of
ABORTION LAWS
204
countries in the
WORLD
50
states in the
UNITED STATES
%%#
THE ABORTION LAWS IN THE WORLD THREE TYPES OF ABORTION LAWS
ABORTION IS PROHIBITED
ABORTION IS PERMITTED ONLY FOR SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS
ABORTION IS PERMITTED BEFORE THE GESTATIONAL AGE LIMIT AND AFTER ONLY FOR SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS
SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS:
%%)
+,-./0-124832,5512?8./2->2>8609:2?98110172301=5281=051/2 /0653D2E0/4218/;.8928,-./0>8=051/32,50172>-;1<286-173/282 E0<52@8.05/:2->2/.0,892?5-?95281<20128992-;.2E.0//5123-;.=53B2 C12/452?83/2/45248.3453/2?5189/0532E5.527515.899:2.535.@5<2 >-.282E-6812E4-2?.-=;.5<28128,-./0-12878013/245.24;3N ON[Qยฒ` dV`UR` N[Q S\_ `YNcR` dU\ ]_\QbPRQ NO\_aV\[ V[ N E-6812->2407423/8/;3B2 K0/42/4526-@5651/2<;.0172/452983/2489>2->2/452kk2=51/;.:2 /-290,5.890H528,-./0-1298E3D2/40320321-29-175.201@8.08,9:2/452 =835Y2=-135I;51/9:D2957892?.-@030-132-128,-./0-12=812,52 >-;1<201282@8.05/:2->2?98=53B2 _-652=-;1/.053248@5201=-.?-.8/5<290,5.890H5<28,-./0-12 ?.-@030-13201/-2/450.2=.0601892=-<53B2M/45.3248@52518=/5<2 3?5=08928,-./0-1298E32/48/28.5235?8.8/52>.-62=.0601892=-<53B2 \-3/2=-66-1298E2=-;1/.053D2-/45.2/4812/452c10/5<2_/8/53D2 48@528,-./0-1298E32/48/28.52,835<2-12@8.0-;32O179034298E32 N[Q P\b_a QRPV`V\[` @\ZR aNXR N` aURV_ Z\QRY aUR <ร R[PR` +78013/2/452^5.3-12+=/2->2%$)%B2c1<5.2/4032+=/20/2E832?.-40,N 0/5<2U;198E>;99:V2/-2;35281:2658132/-2?.-=;.528128,-./0-12 50/45.2>-.2-15359>2-.2>-.281-/45.2?5.3-12-.2;198E>;99:2/-2 3;??9:2658132>-.2/48/251<D281<2/452?.53=.0,5<2?;1034651/2 E83206?.03-1651/B2M/45.2=-;1/.0532>-99-E2/452O1790342=-;./2
<5=030-1D2P5A2@B2S-;.15D2012E40=420/2E832459<2/48/28,-./0-132 ?5.>-.65<2>-.235.0-;32?4:30=892-.2651/8924589/42.583-132 E-;9<21-/2,52=-130<5.5<2U;198E>;9V2;1<5.2/452%$)%2+=/B2 _/0992-/45.2=-;1/.053248@529--G5<2/-2/452S.0/0342+,-./0-12+=/2 ->2%')*D2E40=4235/32>-./42,.-8<24589/4D2>-5/89206?80.651/D2 81<23-=0-N5=-1-60=201<0=8/0-132>-.28,-./0-13D20127515.892 ;1/092/452/E51/:N>-;./42E55G2->2?.57181=:B2 F4528,-./0-1298E32->2681:2=0@09298E2=-;1/.05328.52,835<2-12 /4528,-./0-12?.-@030-132->2/452J.51=42]8?-95-10=2R-<52->2 %$%(D2E45.5281:2?5.3-12E4-2,:281:2658132?.-=;.5<2/452 8,-./0-12->282?.57181/2E-6812E832?;10345<2E0/4206?.03N -1651/D2832E83282?.57181/2E-6812E4-2?.-=;.5<245.2-E12 8,-./0-1D289/4-;7420/2E832;1<5.3/--<2/48/28128,-./0-12 =-;9<2,52?5.>-.65<2E451215=5338.:2/-238@52/45290>52->2/452 ?.57181/2E-681B2F452%'*'2`8E2899-E3282E-6812E4-203201282 3/8/52->2<03/.5332/-248@528128,-./0-12?5.>-.65<2-12.5I;53/2 Qb_V[T aUR ยน_`a dRRX` \S ]_RT[N[Pf NSaR_ `UR b[QR_T\R` =-;13599017281<2E80/3282E55GD281<298/5.2012?.57181=:2-12 -/45.235.0-;327.-;1<3B2 C13/58<2/4528//0/;<52->2C39860=298E2/-E8.<328,-./0-12032 <5?51<51/2;?-12E45/45.2/4528,-./0-12032?5.>-.65<2,5>-.52 513-;9651/D2/452/06528/2E40=4282>-5/;32780132823-;9B
To save the womanโ s life To preserve health In case of rape In case of incest In case of fetal impairment Womanโ s age or incapacity to care for a child Socioeconomic grounds
R;..51/9:2/452E-.9<28,-./0-1298E328.52<0@0<5<2012/4.55268012 /:?53T2 N2=-;1/.05322E45.528,-./0-12032/-/892?.-40,0/5<Y2 P\b[a_VR` dUR_R NO\_aV\[VQ ]R_ZVaaRQ \[Yf S\_ `]RPVยนP 5A=5?/0-13Y2 N2=-;1/.0532E45.528,-./0-12032?5.60//5<2,5>-.52/452753/8N aV\[NY NTR YVZVa N[Q NSaR_ \[Yf S\_ `]RPVยนP RePR]aV\[`
ABORTION LAWS - 2013
%%*
6%
14% 55%
45% Population
Countries States
TYPES OF ABORTION IN THE STATES
31%
TYPES OF ABORTION IN THE WORLD POPULATION
49%
SELECTION OF THE STATES DIRECTING THE RESEARCH
“fetal awareness”
GENERAL SET
“fetal pain” “fetal awareness” + abortion “fetal pain” + abortion
NETHERLANDS REPUBLIC OF KOREA
%%$
“foetal pain”
SCIENCE SET
foetus + “cerebral cortex” foetus + nociceptors foetus + thalamus
QUERIES’ HOSTS GEOLOCATION with Geo IP
IRELAND
INDIA
BRAZIL
COSTA RICA
CHINA
JAPAN
BELGIUM
AUSTRALIA
CZECH REPUBLIC
LAW SET
“fetal pain” + law “gestational age” + law
AUSTRIA
DENMARK
GERMANY
FRANCE
NEW ZEALAND SOUTH AFRICA SWITZERLAND
“fetal awareness” + law
GREAT BRITAIN
NORTHERN IRELAND SPAIN
ISRAEL
CANADA
PANAMA SLOVENIA
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF OF IRAN
ITALY
POLAND NORWAY
“foetal awareness”
LUXEMBOURG
TURKEY
UNITED STATES
THE ABORTION LAWS
+>/5.28189:H0172/4526801298E32012/452E-.9<D2E5248@52/.05<2 /-23595=/282>5E2->2/453523/8/532-12E40=42=-1=51/.8/52-;.2 .5358.=42->2/4525@-9;/0-12->2/45298E32012826-.528==;.8/5281<2 <5/8095<2E8:B AUR ยน_`a aUV[T dR UNcR Q\[R V` a\ 4R\Y\PNaR NYY aUR B?9` -,/8015<2>.-62/452/4.55235/32->2/452.5358.=42I;5.053B2 F4.-;742/4032/.8138=/0-1D2E52/45125A/.8=/2/4523/8/532 V[ dUVPU aUR QVร R_R[a `VaR` N_R Y\PNaRQ N[Q dR UNcR =8/57-.0H5<2/45628==-.<0172/-2/452/:?52->29570398/0-12 =;..51/9:2012>-.=5201258=42->2/456B C/2565.75<2832?.5<-60181/2/452/40.<2=8/57-.:D218659:2/48/2 =-;/.0532012E40=428,-./0-12032?5.60//5<2,5>-.52829060/2->2
TR`aNaV\[NY NTR N[Q \cR_ \[Yf S\_ `]RPVยนP RePR]aV\[` _01=52/45298//5.2/:?526-.528G012/-2-;.2358.=42=.0/5.08D2 .598/0172012>8=/2/-2/4529060/2->2753/8/0-1892875D2E523595=/5<2 3/8/5320120/B +>/5.E8.<32E528189:H5<28992))#2?8?5.328@8098,95D20<51/0>:0172 /45218/0-1890/:2->258=42?;,90345.281<2E52>-;1<2/48/2(^+5 =-6532>.-62/452Y384$=5I494$7D2/-+2>.-62/452Y384$=5 `83!="'D2-+2>.-62ID84F$2#93=D2/+2>.-620$2'93;D2/+2 >.-62C$4B$2#93=7281<2/+2>.-62/452629A5:'8294$7B O@512/4523;,35I;51/28189:3032->2[--7952F.51<32I;5.0532 .598/5<2/-2UK$49#5<983W234-E5<282?.5<-60181/2.570-1892 01/5.53/2,:2/452c10/5<2_/8/53B
F45.5>-.52/452=4-0=52->2>-=;30172-12/45298E32.598/0172/-2 8,-./0-12>5992Z;3/2-12/452c10/5<2_/8/53D283282=51/5.2->201/5.53/2 012/452=-1/.-@5.3:2-@5.2>5/892?8012B
%%'
United Kingdom Germany
United States
GOOGLE TRENDS: โ fetal painโ
MOST REGIONAL INTERE ST: UNITED STATES
100
25%
64%
Arab Emirates
2%
2%
80 60
5% Switzerland
2%
Netherlands
40 20
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
HISTORY OF ABORTION LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES AN OVERVIEW
1783
1803
1821 %&( %&(
1828
1860
0()$%&'*+,--,(*$.3* 6-3/2->2/4523/8/532>-99-E5<2O1790342=-66-12 98E20121-/2?5.60//01728,-./0-128>/5.2I;0=G51017 $,41*0$$0(#,4,")'6* 0()$.(178*+'.(+0$$,4 aUR ¹_`a 2[TYV`U NPa \baYNdV[T NYY NaaRZ]aRQ 8,-./0-132E832?8335<
&2.20&*9:*+,((0+2%+"2* ;<=*(03*/,45 ?8335<28298E2/8.75/01728?-/45=8.0532E4-23-9<2 ?-03-132/-2E-6512>-.2?;.?-3532->28,-./0-1D2 81<268<52?-3/NI;0=G5101728,-./0-13282>59-1:2 81<2?.5NI;0=G5101728,-./0-13282603<56581-.2 5074/2:58.3298/5. &2.20*9:*(03*/,45 ?8335<28298E2/48/2899-E5<28,-./0-12E4512 U15=5338.:2/-2?.535.@52/45290>52->2/452E-681VD2 ,;/201287.55651/2/-2/452<-=/-.
&2.20&*9:*-.&&.+'"&022&* ?8335<28298E2/48/2,81289928//56?/5<28,-./0-132 8/281:2/0652<;.017282?.57181=:2D2.578.<95332 ->2/45201/51/2->2/452?5.3-12?5.>-.60172/452 8,-./0-1
1873
1929
1938
>+,-&2,+5*$.3?6*+,()40&&* 98E2012-.<5.2/-2?.-40,0/2/45206?-./8/0-12-.2 <03356018/0-12->2,0./42=-1/.-9201>-.68/0-132 -.28,-./0-1201>-.68/0-132
230(2/@2'400*&2.20& S\YY\dV[T 6[QVN[N²` ReNZ]YR N_R R`aNOYV`URQ 5;7510=3298E32>-.2/4523/5.090H8/0-12->2@8.0-;32 /:?532->2=0/0H5132012-.<5.2/-25906018/5281:2?-3N 30,952?.-751:2->2U06,5=0953V281<2651/899:2099
1962
1965
0()$%&'*+,"42& >-.=5<28290,5.890H8/0-12->28,-./0-1298E3
1970 1943
-.&&.+'"&022&*&"!40-0*+,"42 823/8/5298E2?.-40,0/01728,-./0-132<0<21-/2 01=9;<52/4-3528,-./0-132?5.>-.65<2,:282 ?4:30=08120127--<2>80/42,5905@01720/215=5338.:2 /-238@52/45290>52->2/452E-6512-.2/-2?.5@51/2 35.0-;3206?80.651/2->245.2651/892-.2?4:30=892 4589/4D2?.-@0<0172/48/24032Z;<7651/2=-..5N 3?-1<32E0/42/4527515.892-?010-12->2=-6?5/51/2 ?.8=/0/0-15.32012/452=-66;10/:2012E40=42452 .530<53
1972
J-./:N/E-23/8/5323/0992.53/.0=/5<28,-./0-132 /-2E45120/2E-;9<238@52/45290>52->2/4526-/45.D2 NYaU\bTU Va dN` _N_RYf QR¹[RQ Wb`a dUR[ aUNa 34-;9<2I;890>:B2 M19:25074/23/8/532899-E5<2>-.2-/45.25A=5?/0-13D2 90G52/4524589/42->2/4526-/45.
.$$*&2.20& ?8335<28298E2/48/2,8115<28,-./0-1D2E0/423-652 5A=5?/0-132 E40=42@8.05<2,:23/8/5T2/-238@52/45290>52->2/452 6-/45.D2012=83532->2.8?52-.201=53/D2-.20>2/452 >5/;32032<5>-.65<
&2.20&*9:*(03*/,456*.$.&5.*;<=* 3.&'%()2,( ?8335<28298E2/48/2899-E28,-./0-132;?2/-2/452 &"/42E55G2->2?.57181=:
+,-./0-12E83209957892012!(23/8/53D2957892;1<5.2 =5./8012=0.=;63/81=532012%)23/8/53281<2957892 ;?-12.5I;53/2012"23/8/53
2
SOUPREME COURT: ROE v. WADE
THE ABORTION LAWS
F452403/-.0=2_;?.5652R-;./2<5=030-12-@5./;.1017282F5A832 01/5.?.5/8/0-12->28,-./0-1298E281<268G01728,-./0-12957892012 /452c10/5<2_/8/53B
22 JANUARY 1973
AN HISTORIC SENTENCE
5 C"2'95E&N"21$; 9J95U>93$5a"$W
]9##975N"?34;5]87428&45 644"23$; \$32;5Z9=$
a"$b75944"23$;7 I929B5Z$==83!4"3
a"$b75944"23$;7 S83=95N"KK$$
2 1969
2
2
2 <03=-@5.5< _LO2K+_2^PO[]+]F E0/4245.2/40.<2=409 < >.051<328<@035<245.2/- +__OPF2J+`_O`h 2 /48/ _LO2L+f2SOO]2P+^O 2 f2012-.<5.2 /-2-,/8012829578928,-./0-1
2 /403 _RLO\O2J+C`Of2,5=8;352/45.52E832 ]M2^M`CRO2PO^MPF <-=;651/0172 /452899575<2.8?5
2
2
83 PO^PO_O]F+]F2->2/452_F+FO2MJ2FOk+_ `M_Of2`+K_cCF2878013/2Z8152.-52,5=8;352-> +SMPFCM]2PC[LF 283282PO_c`F2MJ2P+^O
%&%
1970
1970
>095<281 +^^O+`2//452_c^PO\O2RMcP F
JC`Of2_cCF 201282cB_B2f03/.0=/2R-;./2 012F5A83 M]2SOL+`J2MJ2d+]O2PM O
2
2
1971
2
+P[c\O]F_2E5.5 _RLOfc`Of ,:2/452Jc``2RMcPF2 81<28992_OeO]2dc_FCRO_ 87.55<2/48/2/452 `+D @5<B91 /2 @A?B08 1<D;
2
!"#$%&%#"'($%( # 3/8/52=-;9<2/.58/28,-./0-12-19:28328265<0=892 <5=030-1D2958@0172Z;<7651/2/-2/452 E-681l32 2 ?4:30=081
2
1972 1973
$()*+,&%#"'($%(# WSOJMPO2eC+SC`CFh X 3/8/5l3201/5.53/2032/-2?.-/5=/0172/4524589/42->2 /4526-/45.
/452RMcPF 033;5<20/32fORC_CM] E0/4 82*NFMN&2\+dMPCFh2eMFO2C]2J +eMP2MJ2PMO F452R-;./2<5565< +SMPFCM]2+2Jc]f+\O]F +`2PC[LF ;1<5.2/452;10/5<23/8/532=-13/0/;/0-1D /45.5,:2_cSdORFC][2+``2`+ K_28//56?/017 /-2.53/.0=/20/ FM2FLO2_F+]f+Pf2MJ2_FPCRF2_RPcFC] h 2
2
2
-!%(#&."-/"0"%1&*!&%2(&!(%3$ 3/8/52=-;9<2=4--352/-2m.57;98/5D2-.25@51 ?.-3=.0,528,-./0-1m28329-172832/45290>5281< 4589/42->2/4526-/45.2E832?.-/5=/5<
HISTORY OF ABORTION LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES AN OVERVIEW
1977
1993
&"!40-0*+,"42 ;?459<2/452.074/32->29-=8927-@5.1651/32/-2 .53/.0=/2/452>;1<0172->28,-./0-13D23-2E-6512 `U\bYQ[²a Re]RPa aUR T\cR_[ZR[a a\ URY] ]Nf
&2.20*9:*!0((&/$A.(%. ?833528298E2681<8/017282&"N4-;.2E80/0172 ?5.0-<D281/0N8,-./0-12=-;1359017281<2?8.51/892 =-1351/2>-.2601-.3 !40&%10(2*+$%(2,( >-.,8<52<-=/-.32012>5<5.899:2>;1<5<2=9010=32 >.-62651/0-101728,-./0-12832812-?/0-1
%&&
1996
2003
2006
!40&%10(2*+$%(2,( 6583;.532,8110172/452?.-=5<;.52->201/8=/2<0N 98/0-1281<25A/.8=/0-1D2893-2=-66-19:2G1-E12 832?8./0892,0./428,-./0-12,;/2E0/424589/42 5A=5?/0-13
!40&%10(2*)B3B*#"&' 8??.-@5<2878012826583;.52,8110172/452?.-=5N <;.52->2?8./0892,0./428,-./0-1D2E0/428125A56?N aV\[ S\_ aUR d\ZN[²` YVSR Oba N SRQR_NY WbQTR ,9-=G5<20/3251>-.=5651/201235@5.8923/8/532Z;3/2 82>5E24-;.328>/5.20/2,5=8652?;,90=298E
2009
2010
2011
&,"2'*1.5,2.*),A04(,4*-%50* 4,"(1&* 033;5<282?.-N90>523/8/;/52E40=4268<52?5.>-.6N 01728,-./0-13282>59-1:D2,;/20/2E8323;,35I;51/N 9:2.5?5895<201282.5>5.51<;62/45238652:58.
2012
-%&&%&&%!!%7&*',"&0*!"#$%+*'0.$2'* +,--%2200 @-/5<2/-28??.-@5282,812-128,-./0-1D2,;/2/48/2 ,0992<05<28>/5.2/452L-;35281<2_518/52>8095<2/-2 87.552-12=-6?.-603529570398/0-1-.28,-./0-12 01>-.68/0-132
2013
2013 &2.20&*9:*5.(&.&* ?8335<28298E2?.-40,0/01728128,-./0-12->2812 ;1,-.124;681201<0@0<;892E0/4282<5/5=/8,952 >5/892458./,58/
&2.20&*9:*+,$,4.1,* ;<=*-%&&%&&%!!% 48@523-;74/2/-2,8128,-./0-12,:2658132->2812 8651<651/2/-2/4523/8/52=-13/0/;/0-12,;/20/2 >8095<2/-2?8335< &2.20&*9:*-%&&%&&%!!% .5Z5=/5<28128651<651/2/48/2E-;9<248@52 QR¹[RQ YVSR N` `aN_aV[T Na P\[PR]aV\[ N[Q -;/98E5<28,-./0-1281<2/452,0./42=-1/.-9
2013
2013
A%4)%(%.*',"&0*,C*10$0).20& ?8335<282,0992/48/2-;/98E328992e0.7010828,-.N /0-132,:2<5=98.0172/48/2/452.074/32->2?5.3-132 8??9:2>.-62/4526-651/23?5.6281<25772;10/5
&2.20&*9:*.45.(&.&* ?8335<282>5/892458./,58/2,099D2,81101728,-./0-12 8>/5.2%&2E55G3D2,;/282>5<5.892Z;<752033;5<282 /56?-.8.:201Z;1=/0-12878013/2/403298E
&2.20&*9:*20D.&* ?8335<282>5/892458./,58/2,099
&2.20&*9:*"2.'* 8,-./0-1326;3/2,52?5.>-.65<2012824-3?0/892 NSaR_ aUR ¹_`a & QNf` \S ]_RT[N[Pf
+9923/8/5325A=5?/2+983G8D2]5E2L86?340.5D2 e5.6-1/281<2K53/2e0.701082899-E2<-=/-.32/-2 .5>;352/-2?5.>-.628,-./0-13
ABORTION LAWS - 2013
NEW HAMPSHIRE
WASHINGTON NORTH DAKOTA
MONTANA OREGON
MINNESOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
IDAHO
WISCONSIN
NEW YORK
MICHIGAN
WYOMING NEBRASKA
NEVADA UTAH
COLORADO
KANSAS
CALIFORNIA NEW MEXICO
ARIZONA
OKLAHOMA
MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT
PENNSYLVANIA
IOWA ILLINOIS
OHIO INDIANA
KENTUCKY
MISSOURI ARKANSAS
TENNESSEE
NEW JERSEY
WEST VIRGINIA VIRGINIA
DELAWARE MARYLAND
NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA
MISSISSIPPI ALABAMA
TEXAS ALASKA
MAINE
VERMONT
%&!
GEORGIA
LOUISIANA FLORIDA
HAWAII
14% of states 7% of states
GESTATIONAL AGE LIMITS IN THE UNITED STATES
18% of states on 50 states
LEGEND OF GESTATIONAL AGE LIMIT
10% of states
38% of states
Third trimester
20 weeks
6 weeks
No ban
24 weeks
12 weeks
Post-viability
18 weeks
DEVELOPMENT OF LAWS ON FETAL PAIN AN OVERVIEW ON ABORTION LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES OVER TIME
%&"
C120/32981<68.G2%'*!28,-./0-12=8353D2/452cB_B2_;?.5652R-;./2 URYQ aUNa N d\ZN[²` _VTUa a\ N[ NO\_aV\[ V` [\a NO`\YbaR N[Q /48/23/8/53268:2.53/.0=/2-.2,8128,-./0-1328>/5.2>5/892@08,090/:D2 ?.-@0<5<2/48/2/450.2?-90=0532655/2=5./8012.5I;0.5651/3B2C12 /4535281<23;,35I;51/2<5=030-13D2/452R-;./24832459<2/48/2 5@5128>/5.2>5/892@08,090/:D2_/8/53268:21-/2?.-40,0/28,-./0-132 U15=5338.:2/-2?.535.@52/45290>52-.24589/4V2W?4:30=89281<2 651/89X2->2/452E-681Y2-19:2/452?4:30=081D2012/452=-;.352 \S RcNYbNaV[T aUR `]RPV¹P PV_PbZ`aN[PR` \S N[ V[QVcVQbNY PN`R PN[ QR¹[R dUNa P\[`aVabaR` ¯URNYaU° N[Q dUR[ N >5/;32032@08,95Y281<2_/8/53268:21-/2.5I;0.528<<0/0-1892 ]Uf`VPVN[` a\ P\[¹_Z aUR NaaR[QV[T ]Uf`VPVN[²` WbQTZR[a aUNa aUR d\ZN[²` YVSR \_ URNYaU V` Na _V`X V[ PN`R` \S ZRQVPNY 565.751=:B2+9/4-;742/452@83/268Z-.0/:2->23/8/532.53/.0=/2 98/5.N/5.628,-./0-13D2681:2->2/45352.53/.0=/0-13248@52,5512 3/.;=G2<-E1B2\-3/2->/51D2=-;./3248@52@-0<5<2/4529060/8/0-132 ,5=8;352/45:2<-21-/2=-1/8012824589/425A=5?/0-1Y2=-1/8012812 ;18==5?/8,9:218..-E24589/425A=5?/0-1Y2-.2<-21-/2?5.60/282 ?4:30=0812/-2<5/5.60152@08,090/:201258=4201<0@0<;892=835D2,;/2
_NaUR_ _RYf \[ N _VTVQ P\[`a_bPa ON`RQ \[ `]RPV¹P dRRX` \S 753/8/0-12-.2/.0653/5.B2C12/452:58.320665<08/59:2>-99-E0172 /452_;?.5652R-;./2<5=030-12012P-52@B2K8<5D235@5.8923/8/532 6-@5<2/-206?-3523/.0=/2.57;98/0-132-128,-./0-12=9010=3D2 ORf\[Q dUNa V` [RPR``N_f a\ R[`b_R ]NaVR[a`² `NSRaf @V[PR 681:2->2/45352.5I;0.5651/32E5.523/.;=G2<-E12,:29-E5.2 >5<5.892=-;./323/8./0172012/45258.9:2%'$(3D23/8/5326-@5<2-12/-2 -/45.2E8:32/-2.53/.0=/28==5332/-28,-./0-1D23;=428329060/8/0-132 \[ ]bOYVP Sb[QV[T 2Ã&#x203A;\_a` a\ b`R PYV[VP _RTbYNaV\[ a\ YVZVa 8==5332/-28,-./0-1D2.8/45.2/4812/-268G520/32?.-@030-1238>5.2 .53;.>8=5<2012/452%''(3281<248@5278015<23/5862301=52&(%(B2
LEGEND NUMBER OF PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPERS
8 PAPERS
3 PAPERS
4 PAPERS
10 PAPERS
5 PAPERS 11 PAPERS 6 PAPERS
7 PAPERS
GESTATIONAL AGE 3 WEEKS
18 WEEKS
6 WEEKS
20 WEEKS
10 WEEKS
24 WEEKS
12 WEEKS
28 WEEKS
14 WEEKS
33 WEEKS
16 WEEKS
NO LIMITS
THE ABORTION LAWS: CONCLUSIONS .SaR_ N[NYfgV[T aUR QVร R_R[a af]R` \S YNd` _RYNaV[T a\ 8,-./0-12012/452E-.9<D20/2032>-;1<2/48/2012%"j2->2/452=-;/.0532 8,-./0-12032/-/899:2,8115<D2012##j28,-./0-1328.52?5.60//5<2 \[Yf S\_ `]RPVยนP RePR]aV\[` N[Q V[ NO\_aV\[ V` NYY\dRQ ORS\_R N YVZVa \S TR`aNaV\[NY NTR N[Q NSaR_ \[Yf S\_ `]RPVยนP RePR]aV\[` `bPU N` a\ `NcR aUR d\ZN[ยฒ` YVSR a\ ]_R`R_cR aUR d\ZN[ยฒ` URNYaU \_ V[ PN`R` \S _N]R \_ V[PR`a ]8/;.899:2/4525A=5?/0-132=481752>.-62_/8/52/-2_/8/5D2012 >8=/20123-6528.52@5.:2.53/.0=/0@5D253?5=0899:2832.578.<32/452 M.051/89D2C39860=281<2<5@59-?0172=-;1/.0532B F4523595=/0-12->2/452c10/5<2_/8/53295<282<03=;330-12-12/452 YNd` \S aUR " `aNaR` aUNa P\Z]\`R aURZ ยน_`a aU_\bTU N[ -@5.@05E2->2/4525@-9;/0-12->298E32301=52%*((2/-2/452?.5351/D2 40749074/0172/4525@51/32->2?8./0=;98.201/5.53/B K48/2565.752032/48/2=;..51/9:2012!$j2->2/452+65.0=812 _/8/532/4529060/2->2753/8/0-18928752032?-3/N@08,090/:D2012%$j2 032012/452/40.<2/.0653/5.281<2012%"j28,-./0-12032/-/899:2 ?.-40,0/5<B
THE ABORTION LAWS
P578.<0172/452/065901528,-;/2/452c_+28,-./0-1298E32E52=812 3552/48/2/45.528.52@5.:2>5E2?8?5.32>.-62%'*&2/-2%'$)Y2/452 ยน_`a fRN_ V[ dUVPU N_R d_VaaR[ Z\_R ]N]R_` aUN[ V[ aUR ]N`a 032%''(B22F45240745.21;6,5.2->2?8?5.2,59-175<2/-2/452?5.0-<2 ,5/E5512&((!281<2&(("281<2/45:2/89G28,-;/2%(2E55G3B J.-62%''*2/-2&(%!2/4526-3/2=0/5<2753/8/0-18928752012 =-135=;/0@52:58.32032&(2E55G3B
%&'
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 New York abortion law New York allows abortions up to the 24TH WEEK of pregnancy
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992 Planned Parenthood vs. Casey The Court abandones Roe's strict trimester framework
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Ohio partial-birth abortion ban
Florida abortion ban
The youngest premature child
Us legal abortion regime
Arizona abortion ban
Kansas abortion ban
Forbidden any abortion after 24 WEEKS and request of viability testing for abortions after 22 WEEKS
Outlawing abortion procedures as early as 12 WEEKS
The youngest child to survive a premature birth in the US at 21 WEEKS AND 3 DAYS gestation
Determining the beginning of the life when the fetus is ‘VIABLE’ outside the womb (28 WEEKS or, in some case, until to 24 WEEKS)
Outlawing 2nd-TRIMESTER abortion with no exception to protect woman's health
Outlawing abortion after 22 WEEKS
2012
2013 Human Heartbeat Protection Act Banning abortion after 12 WEEKS, when it’spossible to detect the FETAL HEARTBEAT with ultrasound
%!(
%!%
.07
FINAL CONCLUSIONS
FINAL COMPARISON BETWEEN SCIENCE AND LAW F452983/2/06590152,.01732,8=G2/452.53;9/32->2/452/E-2?.5@0-;32 @03;890H8/0-13D28,-;/2/4525@-9;/0-12->23=051=5281<298ED2 3;?5.06?-35<2/-2@5.0>:20>2/45.528.52.5899:2=-..53?-1<51=532 ORadRR[ `PVR[aVยนP QV`P\cR_VR` NO\ba aUR YVZVa \S TR`aNaV\[NY 87528>/5.2E40=42/452>5/;32,570132/-2>5592?801281<29570398/0@52 =481753B
%!&
AUR ยน_`a P\__R`]\[QR[PR aNXR` ]YNPR V[ &%$ P\Z]N_RQ a\ E55GB2F452407453/2=-1=51/.8/0-12->2=-..53?-1<51=532/8G532 ?98=52,5/E5512%''$281<2&((%D2E40=4201<55<2032/452?5.0-<2 /48/2?.5351/32/452407453/21;6,5.2->2?8?5.3D281<2/45352 68019:2=-1=5.12/452?5.0-<2->2753/8/0-18928752,5/E5512%$281<2 &"2E55G3B C12%'''2[9-@5.2eB281<2J03G2]B2?;,903453282?8?5.2-12/452 S.0/0342\5<0=892d-;.1892=8995<2UH$49#5<983c58'<#8&948"375 K"252$7$92&B593=5<29&48&$WD2012E40=42/45:2=98063T2dLB$5 K$4?75875&?22$34#;542$94$=59754B"?!B5845K$$#753"4B83!)593=5875 !81$353"5939#!$7895"25939$74B$7895K"25<"4$3489##;5<983K?#5 834$21$348"37%5081$354B$59394"'8&9#5$18=$3&$)5845875<"778A#$5 4B9454B$5K$4?75&935K$$#5<9835K2"'5/X5D$$J7e% C12/45238652:58.D2/45.5203282=481752->2/4529060/2->2753/8/0-1892 NTR V[ aUR YNdยฒ` aVZRYV[R NO\ba dRRX`
+2306098.25@51/248??5132012&((%2E4512J03G2]BD2[0/8;2PB2 52F50A50.82dB\B2?;,9034532ยฏ2ร RPa \S QV_RPa SRaNY \]V\VQ 939#!$7895"35K$49#5B"2'"39#593=5B$'"=;39'8&5742$775 2$7<"37$54"583429?4$283$53$$=#83!W2>-.2`0??01=-//2K09908632 g2K09G013D2012E40=42/45:2=98063T2dLB$5K?##59394"'8&5 <94BD9;753$&$7792;5K"253"&8&$<48"3592$5835<#9&$5A;5/^f/*5 dRRX` dUR[ aUR aUNYNZ\P\_aVPNY ยนOR_` ]R[Ra_NaR aUR &"248&9#5<#94$e%2+93-2012/4032=8352/45.52032829570398/0@52=481752 -12&"2E55G3B
1961
SCIENCE SET LAW SET
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
CONSIDERATIONS +/2/452,570110172->2/4032?.-Z5=/D2E4512E52<.8E5<2/452 ?.-/-=-92->2.5358.=4D2E524:?-/4530H5<2/48/268:2,525A03/2 N[ V[ยบbR[PR ORadRR[ `PVR[PR N[Q YNd 6[ SNPa N `bZZN_f .5358.=42899-E5<2;32/-2G1-E2/E-206?-./81/283?5=/2->2/452 033;5T โ ยน_`a aUR_R N_R ZN[f QVร R_R[a YNd` \[ NO\_aV\[ V[ ?8./0=;98.2=-115=/5<2/-2753/8/0-189287529060/D281<2/4032>8=/2 O_V[T` b` a\ aUV[X aUNa N_R[ยฒa N[ b[Vc\PNY ]\V[a \S cVRd`( N2235=-1<9:D2/45.5203281201/51352<5,8/52-12/4528.7;651/D23-2 /403206?90532?-330,952=-135I;51=532012?-90/0=3281<298E3B2 _/8./0172E0/42/45352?.560353D2E52=-1<;=/5<2-;.2.5358.=42 89E8:32012/E-2?8.899592E8:3D23=051=5281<298E3D281<2E52=-;9<2 =-13/81/9:2=-6?8.52/450.2<5@59-?651/B +/2/45251<2->2-;.28189:303D2E52=812-,35.@52/48/2/45.52032282 _RNYYf ZbabNY V[ยบbR[PR ORadRR[ aUR `PVR[aVยนP QRONaR dVaU 0/328=405@651/3D281<2/452>.5I;51/2=48175320128,-./0-1298ED2 U\d Vaยฒ` ]_\cRQ Of aUR aRZ]\_NY P\V[PVQR[PR NZ\[T aUR [Rd `PVR[aVยนP QV`P\cR_` _RYNaRQ \S aUR dRRX dUR[ SRab` ORTV[` /-2>5592?801D281<2D2,:2-/45.2481<D2/452753/8/0-189287529060/2 06?-35<2,:298E3B F452010/0892I;53/0-12.568013282I;53/0-1D2,5=8;352/45.52032812 ;10@-=892?-01/2->2@05E28,-;/2/452E55GD23-2E521-E283G2>-.T2 dUR[ dVYY aUR P\[a_\cR_`f ยน[Q N _RNY R[Q,
FINAL CONCLUSIONS
%!*
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%!'
APPENDICE
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