Statue for the preservation of the April 19 spirit at Gwangju High School
Photo by Park Yeonju
Publisher Dr. Shin Gyonggu
Editor-in-Chief Dr. David E. Shaffer
Management Officer Chung Hyunhwa
Copy Editing Dr. David E. Shaffer
Layout Editor Johanna Lezada
The Gwangju News is the first English monthly magazine for the general public in Korea, first published in 2001. Each monthly issue covers local and regional issues, with a focus on the roles and activities of the international residents and local Englishspeaking communities.
The Gwangju News is published by the Gwangju International Center: Jungang-ro 196-beon-gil 5 (Geumnam-ro 3-ga), Dong-gu, Gwangju 61475, South Korea
Tel: (+82)-62-226-2733 Fax: (+82)-62-226-2731
Website: www.gwangjunewsgic.com
Email: gwangjunews@gic.or.kr
Registration No. 광주광역시 라. 00145 (ISSN 2093-5315)
Registration Date: February 22, 2010
For volunteering and article submission inquiries, please contact the editor at gwangjunews@gic.or.kr.
From the Editor
“April showers bring May flowers,” as the saying goes. The Gwangju News hopes that this April issue will “shower” you with a gentle drizzle of well-written articles for your reading enjoyment. Of course we also hope to do this for the May issue and throughout the year. In fact, with the World Human Rights Cities Forum taking place in Gwangju this May, we hope to bring you an expanded May issue and also provide it in a print version.
Ah, April! Inviting spring weather, rising temperatures, a freshness in the air, clear skies. Joy they bring. However, these same climatic shifts have at times throughout history witnessed protest and violence. In this issue, we bring you two such events. The first is our cover feature of the April 19 (1960) Revolution. It focuses on the role of Gwangju High School but also reveals that the first violence related to the uprising occurred in Gwangju even before April 19.
Our second feature is on the so-called Jeju 4.3 Incident. This label is a misnomer in that it occurred over more than one day in April – it lasted for years – and it was much more than a brief “incident”: It was a massacre of thousands! Taking place on Jeju Island in the early days of the republic, this historical event of enormous magnitude is still not widely known today. Read about it here and about two books related to the bloodshed. An additional short feature discusses present-day student activism, its traditions, and how it has changed over the years.
On a much lighter and brighter note, we offer you an article on April Fools’ Day – its origins and how it is observed in different parts of the world. We also offer “Springtime Splendor” – a look at April’s Yeongam Wang In Cherry Blossom Culture Festival, honoring both the cherry blossoms and Wang In’s accomplishments during the early Baekje period.
April 22 is Earth Day; read about our planet’s precarious situation. See our book review of Franci’s War. Take a look at our café review of Coffee Roadview. And you won’t want to miss our Area Sports Round-Up and April Upcoming Events. Enjoy!
David E. Shaffer Editor-in-Chief Gwangju News
Gwangju & South Jeolla International Magazine
Jeju Wind Turbines
Wind is certainly abundant in Jeju, along with stones and beautiful women – the three items that Jeju is traditionally known for. Lately, there have been more wind turbine complexes erected in Jeju to make the island cleaner and more energyindependent. Jeju is also planning to build an energy storage system to use the energy more efficiently.
The Photographer
Chung
is a writer for the Gwangju News who is interested in innovations to make our environment clean and sustainable.
Hyunhwa
This photo was taken just off the coast of Jeju’s Chagwi Island earlier this year.
Gwangju City News
Mobile Citizen Registration Cards: A Leap in Digital Governance
Gwangju is part of South Korea’s nationwide rollout of mobile citizen registration cards, which began in phases in February 2025. As of March 14, residents in Gwangju can apply for these digital IDs at community centers. This initiative aims to enhance convenience by allowing citizens to access their registration cards directly on their mobile devices, eliminating the need to carry physical cards.
The mobile citizen registration card has the same legal validity as the traditional physical card and can be used in various settings, such as government offices, banks, and hospitals. The system employs advanced security technologies, including facial recognition and encryption, to ensure the secure issuance and use of these digital IDs.
Moreover, the introduction of mobile citizen registration cards reflects South Korea’s broader strategy to modernize its digital identity systems. By leveraging mobile technology, the government aims to streamline public services and improve
the overall citizen experience. This initiative also sets a precedent for other digital identity innovations, potentially leading to a more integrated and efficient public service system.
Mobile ARCs: Enhancing Convenience for International Residents
International residents in South Korea, including those in Gwangju, can now apply for digital alien registration cards (ARCs) through the Mobile Identification App. This digital card carries the same legal validity as the physical version and can be used in various settings, such as public institutions and hospitals. The application process is straightforward, requiring either a visit to an immigration office to scan a QR code or the use of an IC chip-enabled ID card.
The digital ARC enhances convenience by allowing the holder to easily verify their identity without needing to carry a physical card. This innovation aligns with South Korea’s efforts to improve services for international residents, making it easier to navigate daily life in the country. Additionally, the digital format provides an added layer of security, as it can be locked if a smartphone is reported lost, protecting personal information.
Cashless Bus System: Enhancing Public Transportation
Starting in April 2025, Gwangju is introducing a cashless bus system, marking a significant shift towards modernizing its public transportation. This initiative aims to improve efficiency and reduce the reliance on cash transactions. The city has been conducting a pilot program since December 2024 to ensure a smooth transition, with the goal of minimizing cash usage to less than 1.5 percent by the end of March 2025.
The cashless system will not only enhance the convenience of using public buses but also
Mobile Alien Registration Card.
Gwangju City News
to reduce safety accidents related to handling cash and improve the overall passenger experience.
Moreover, the Gwangju Bus Association has been actively promoting the new system through campaigns, highlighting its benefits and encouraging citizens to adapt to the change.
Furthermore, the introduction of a cashless bus system aligns with global trends towards digital payment systems, which are becoming increasingly prevalent in urban transportation. By embracing this technology, Gwangju is positioning itself as a forward-thinking city that values innovation and efficiency in public services.
Ensuring Educational Rights for Undocumented Migrant Children
In a move to uphold human rights and educational equity, the Gwangju Metropolitan Office of Education has announced a policy guaranteeing the right to education for undocumented migrant children. This initiative aims to provide all children, regardless of their legal status, access to learning opportunities within the city’s public school system.
Undocumented migrant children often face significant barriers to education due to legal and financial constraints. With this policy, the local government seeks to ensure that no child is deprived of the fundamental right to education. Schools will implement measures to facilitate the enrollment of migrant students without requiring proof of legal residency.
Additionally, the initiative includes specialized support programs tailored to help migrant children integrate into the educational system. These programs include language assistance, cultural adaptation resources, and counseling services, all designed to create an inclusive and nurturing learning environment. By prioritizing the educational rights of all children, Gwangju
sets a precedent for other regions, demonstrating that inclusive policies can create stronger, more cohesive communities.
Digital Integration: The PlayGwangju App
Gwangju has embraced digital transformation with the launch of the PlayGwangju app, a platform designed to enhance residents’ access to cultural, recreational, and civic activities. The app serves as a one-stop hub for event listings, tourist attractions, and community programs.
Users can easily navigate through various features, including real-time updates on local festivals, concert schedules, and sports events. The app also provides information on public services, making it a valuable resource for both residents and visitors. By integrating technology into everyday life, Gwangju aims to create a smart city experience where people can seamlessly connect with their surroundings and make the most of what the city has to offer.
Compiled by Shin Gyonggu
Igniting the Flame of Democracy
The
April 19 Revolution in Gwangju
By Park Yeonju
In 1960, Gwangju shouted for democracy. High school students and citizens alike gathered to demand their rightful rights as citizens of Korea. The manipulation of the democratic flower, the “election,” was a strategy to pave the way for permanent rule. Blinded by power, the man who led Korea into the swamp of dictatorship was Syngman Rhee. The people of Korea were enraged, and Gwangju was also part of the united voice to defend democracy.
Syngman Rhee (Lee Seungman) was the first president of South Korea, serving from 1948 to 1960. He was also the president of the provisional government in Hawaii during the colonial period and later elected as the speaker of the Constituent Assembly. After the establishment of the Republic of Korea in 1948, he was elected in the first presidential election, which was held through an indirect election by the National Assembly. The second presidential election then transitioned to a direct election system, where the people voted. He continued his political career by defeating independent candidate Cho Bong-am until 1956, demonstrating his influence in politics for 12 years.
Was the 12-year-long rule something all Korean citizens agreed upon? It was the result of Syngman Rhee arbitrarily shaping Korean politics to suit his own interests, without upholding the values of democracy. After the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, he implemented a strong anticommunist policy to restore order and stabilize public sentiment in the chaotic situation.
However, the “political stability” that the people truly desired was nowhere to be found, and only disorder and confusion persisted. The foundation of democracy was shaken and not allowed to properly took root. A president’s role is to gather public opinion and prevent the nation from falling into division and chaos. They must instill trust in the people and provide them with a sense of stability in their lives. However, despite failing to fulfill this duty, Syngman Rhee was unwilling to relinquish the presidency.
And from that moment, his “subtle maneuvers” for re-election began. In May 1950, a large number of Rhee’s supporters lost in the 2nd National Assembly election. Realizing that the parliamentary electoral system gave him little chance of re-election, he began advocating for a direct presidential election system and a bicameral legislature in preparation for the upcoming presidential election two years later.
But, when things did not go as he had hoped, he declared martial law in Busan, the provisional capital, from May to July 1952. He used this as a means to pressure the National Assembly and opposition forces. As a result, the Busan Political Crisis unfolded. During this period, opposition members of the national assembly were ruthlessly arrested, and attempts were made to dissolve the legislature.
Eventually, on July 4, 1952, the first constitutional amendment since the establishment of the Republic of Korea was enacted. The Extractive
Amendment, which included the provision for a direct presidential election system, was passed. Ultimately, he was re-elected for a second term as president. In the process, he gathered his supporters to establish the Liberal Party and laid the foundation for long-term rule by shifting to a presidential system.
However, this constitutional amendment was unconstitutional. The quorum required for approval was 135.33 votes, which should be rounded up to 136. But Liberal Party officials argued that decimal numbers could not be considered as full individuals and, therefore, could not be counted as a person. Based on this reasoning, they applied the “rounding-off” rule, which brought the required number of votes down to 135. Since 135 votes were in favor, it was claimed that the amendment had passed.
The problem was that Rhee did not stop there. His corruption and greed grew worse. By March 1960, election fraud in South Korea had reached its peak. Countless government officials were mobilized to secure Rhee’s victory. The Ministry of Home Affairs and the police effectively became the election headquarters, manipulating the voting process. In 1960, Cho Byeong-ok, the Democratic Party’s presidential candidate, passed away. As he was a strong rival to Syngman Rhee, his death made Rhee’s re-election almost certain.
At this point, the question of who would be elected as vice president became crucial. The competition between Chang Myon and Lee Ki-poong, the candidate backed by Rhee, was the main focus. The police openly supported the Liberal Party candidate, while citizens were forced to cast their votes under strict surveillance in a tense and violent atmosphere. In the end, the election results were completely fabricated, and Lee Ki-poong was declared the vice president with 8.4 million votes.
The opposition Democratic Party naturally declared the election illegal and invalid. Antigovernment protests erupted across the country. In early April, a strong movement against election fraud began to take shape. Around that time, the body of Kim Ju-yeol, a student who
had apparently been struck in the eye by a tear gas canister, was discovered in the waters off Masan. It was clear that he had been subjected to police violence while participating in protests condemning the fraudulent election. Many people were outraged. The anger of students and citizens grew even stronger. This drove them into the streets in protest.
In Gwangju, the spirit of democracy burned fiercely in opposition to the fraudulent election. However, most people are unaware that Gwangju was the birthplace of the April 19 Revolution. Many tend to summarize the events by stating that Kim Ju-yeol’s body was discovered in Masan, which then led to mass protests. However, Gwangju holds the record of the first violent protest even before the Masan incident. It is crucial to recognize that Gwangju’s spirit for democratization ignited rapidly during the April 19 Revolution.
On March 15, 1960, at a polling station in Gwangju, a citizen discovered fraudulent ballots and protested to the election commission. In response, political thugs unleashed brutal violence on this citizen. This incident sparked a protest, with around 1,000 citizens gathering on Geumnam Street, the city’s main artery, to denounce the rigged election. Mourning the “death of democracy,” protesters wore
April 19 Revolution Commemorative Stone.
funeral attire as they marched. Members of the Democratic Party and around 1,200 additional citizens joined in, expanding the demonstration. However, the police suppressed the protest with brutal force, leaving many injured. This event in Gwangju marks the first violent protest of the April 19 Revolution. The March 15 Protest in Gwangju was the first spark igniting the April 19 Revolution.
Later, the body of Kim Ju-yeol was discovered, serving as a catalyst that fueled nationwide protests even further. This shows how the movement continued to spread across the country. The March 15 Protest in Gwangju was not driven by a single goal. It was not only a protest against election fraud and a call to prevent Syngman Rhee’s rule for life, but it also carried the vision of stopping the deepening division between North and South Korea. Ultimately, it aimed to achieve both democracy and national reunification.
On April 18, 1960, the people’s anger erupted. In response, Rhee declared martial law and ordered indiscriminate gunfire and violence against the protesters. Countless casualties followed, leaving the nation with an unhealable wound. Then came April 19. Students from Gwangju High School burst through their school gates and ran into the streets to join the commencing protests. Determined to keep the flame of democracy alive, they stood together to protect it. Inspired by their courage, students from other schools
also found their strength and, one by one, began breaking through their own school gates to join the movement.
On April 24, Syngman Rhee resigned from his position as the leader of the Liberal Party, but the people’s anger did not subside easily. On April 25, university professors issued a statement and took to the streets alongside the students. Encouraged by their actions, even more citizens joined the protests, and their numbers grew exponentially. The desire to protect South Korea’s liberal democracy united the people as one. Many were injured or lost their lives in the protests, but the number of protesters on the streets never diminished.
Finally, on April 26, President Rhee announced his resignation. Twelve years of dictatorship had come to an end. The April 19 Revolution became a victory for the Korean people in the name of liberal democracy. Though the April 19 Revolution was a nationwide movement, its starting point was in Gwangju. More than anywhere else, it was from Gwangju High School that the courage and voices of students resounded most powerfully.
Whenever I pass by Gwangju High School, I always notice the monument inscribed with “The Birthplace of the April 19 Revolution in Gwangju.” However, after learning more about the background, including the Gwangju March 15 Protest, looking at this monument fills me with
April 19, 1960 – Gwangju High School students bursting through the school gate, marching in protest.
an even deeper sense of reverence. Moreover, they were students who had not yet fully stepped into society – pure and full of dreams, hoping for a world of opportunity. Despite living in a time of political turmoil and corruption, they made a firm decision to protect democracy. Their determination and willpower remain truly inspiring.
Decades have passed since the students rose up. Yet, as I walked through the school grounds where their successors now study, I could still feel the deep spirit embedded in the atmosphere. In front of the Gwangju High School gate, the story of the April 19 Revolution in Gwangju is illustrated in a way that makes it easy to understand. Gwangju High School is the very cradle of the Gwangju spirit. Many historical records remain there, offering a glimpse into the events of April 1960.
Upon entering the school gate, one is immediately met with a statue of students, seemingly raising their voices in passionate protest. Standing before it, one can almost vividly recall the noble spirit of that day. This monument was erected not only to honor that moment but also to ensure the eternal preservation and development of the April 19 Revolution spirit – both today and for
generations to come.
In 2023, the April 19 Revolution was inscribed in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register, and the Gwangju High School April 19 Revolution History Hall was opened on the school campus to all citizens. It vividly conveys the spirit and records of that historic day. As the sun set over the Gwangju High School campus, a strong light appeared beyond the statue. The way it mysteriously met with the statue reminded me of the burning spirit of democracy on April 19, 1960. Thanks to the democracy forged by the students of Gwangju High School in history, the sun of tomorrow will rise once again. The democratic spirit of Gwangju continues to shine brightly.
The
Author
Park Yeonju is an undergraduate at Chonnam National University, majoring in political science and diplomacy as well as Chinese language and literature. Her third major is international development cooperation studies. She was born and raised in Gwangju and wants to promote the colorfulness of the city that she has been a part of for so long. Also, she wants to deliver various voices of the world. It is her dream to become a true journalist by inheriting the spirit of May 18.
Photographs by Park Yeonju.
Statue for the preservation of the April 19 spirit at Gwangju High School with the April 19 Democratic Revolution History Hall in the background.
Gwangju April 19 Historical Site Memorial Tower at Gwangju High School.
Remembering the Jeju 4.3 Incident
The Role of Literature in Expressing Cultural Memory and Trauma
By Diane Dooley
Jeju Island, located in the waters southwest of the Korean Peninsula, is known today for its beautiful landscapes, subtropical climate, and thriving tourism industry. Affectionately referred to as the “Korean Hawaii,” Jeju has become a popular destination for both domestic and international travelers, promising picturesque beaches, resorts, museums, art galleries, and nature trails. Jeju’s undeniable beauty and tourism infrastructure, however, masks a painful history that has shaped the cultural memory of the island and of South Korea as a whole.
One of the darkest moments in South Korea’s modern history is the Jeju 4.3 Incident (제주 4·3 사건, Jeju Sasam Sageon). The official English name is deceptive. While the word “incident” implies a single, short or insignificant event, the Jeju 4.3 Incident refers to a period of violent political turmoil that spanned roughly from April 3, 1948, to 1954. This remains one of South Korea’s most significant traumas and continues to be an important subject in the country’s political, cultural, and literary worlds.
The Jeju 4.3 Incident: A Historical Overview
The Jeju 4.3 Incident refers to a series of violent confrontations between leftist insurgents and government forces that led to widespread atrocities committed primarily towards civilian Jeju islanders. These atrocities include massacres, torture, and forced relocations (Kim, 2014). This started during a time of political instability in Korea after the country’s liberation from Japan
in 1945. Korea, which had been under oppressive Japanese colonial rule for 35 years, suddenly found itself in the middle of an ideological divide between the Soviet Union-controlled North and the United States in the South. Attempts to form an interim authority post-liberation came to a standstill when the U.S. Army arrived on September 7, 1945, and established the U.S. Military Government. However, slowly, dissatisfaction with the U.S. Military Government’s policies began to grow nationwide.
Exacerbating the situation in Jeju was a significant administrative change. Jeju Island, which had long been a part of the larger South Jeolla Province, was elevated to provincial status in 1946, but this administrative upheaval caused dissatisfaction among the locals in Jeju. Economic distress (namely, increased taxes and food insecurity), political repression, anxiety due to the increased police and military presence on the island, and tensions between Jeju citizens and mainland authorities led to increasing unrest (Kim, 2014). It is out of this growing dissatisfaction that violence eventually irrupted.
On March 1, 1947, leftist groups organized a rally to commemorate the twenty-eighth anniversary of the March 1st Independence Movement of 1919. The demonstration, which began peacefully, escalated into violence when a mounted police officer knocked down a child spectator and rode off (Kim, 2014). When spectators pursued him, other police officers opened fire on the crowd, killing six people. This event fueled protests and a large general strike
across Jeju, led by leftist groups but included a large percentage of the population, including police officers. These activities were met with increasing repression from the local authorities. In April 3, 1948, armed uprisings broke out, marking the beginning of a prolonged period of violent conflict.
The military and police, largely supported by U.S. occupation forces, launched a brutal campaign, targeting not only leftist insurgents but also innocent civilians they suspected of being related to or supporting the insurgents. Entire villages were destroyed, and civilians were massacred in what is now seen as one of the most horrific examples of state violence in modern Korean history. The Jeju 4.3 Incident Investigation Report estimated that up to 30,000 people, or roughly 10 percent of Jeju’s population at the time, were killed. Most of the harm inflicted was said to have been caused by “state agents”: the police, the military, and rightist youth groups. Most victims were in their teens or twenties, but a staggering 12 percent were children under ten years old or elderly citizens over sixty years old (Kim, 2014). This statistic tells us that the killings were indiscriminate.
Most mass killings were in the mountain villages surrounding Jeju’s Mt. Halla. Anyone who encountered the counterinsurgency forces risked being considered a rebel and executed. Entire villages were wiped out within a matter of hours. In Gyorae, for example, at 5 a.m. on November 13, 1948, the military entered the villages and began to burn houses, killing everyone who tried to escape from the fires engulfing their homes. Their dead bodies were then unceremoniously thrown back into the fires. Within one hour, soldiers killed twenty-five residents, including children. On the soldiers, one survivor commented concisely: “They were not human” (Kim, 2014).
There are countless stories like this. These villages are today referred to as Jeju’s “lost villages.” Dotted along Jeju’s now busy roads, behind resorts, golf courses, and popular cafes, there are many unassuming stone memorials – the remains
of what were once small towns and villages where people lived and worked. In an article for Hankyoreh, Huh writes that there is estimated to be 84–134 such villages (Huh, 2020).
The violence continued until 1954, but the memory of the incident was suppressed for decades under authoritarian regimes. It was not until the 1980s, as South Korea began to democratize, that efforts to uncover the truth about the Jeju 4.3 Incident began to gain traction. These efforts were led by activists, journalists, and family members of the victims. In 2000, after years of advocacy, the National Committee for Investigation of the Truth about the Jeju 4.3 Incident was established to investigate the atrocities, provide compensation to victims’ families, and promote reconciliation. Despite this official recognition, apologies, and the opening of memorial parks on the island, the pain left by the traumatic events remains, and the Jeju 4.3 Incident is still a deeply sensitive and controversial topic in South Korea today.
Cultural Trauma and Memory in Literature
Literature plays a crucial role in processing and transmitting cultural trauma. Cultural trauma refers to the collective experience of loss, violence, or destruction that deeply impacts a community and shapes its identity and collective consciousness (Alexandar, 2004). Unlike individual trauma, cultural trauma is shared by a group and passed down through generations. The trauma experienced by the people of Jeju is not only a personal experience for the survivors but a collective memory that has been transmitted through families and communities.
Through literature, authors document the experiences of those affected by trauma, ensuring that these experiences are not forgotten. In the context of South Korea’s modern history, literature has been instrumental in preserving the memory of the victims and survivors, providing a space for their stories to be told and allowing healing to take place. This is particularly important given the historical suppression of the incident by successive authoritarian governments, which
attempted to erase or downplay the violence purported by government agents that took place in Jeju. The creative narrative techniques employed by authors allowed them to write covertly about otherwise banned topics and, after democratization, to explicitly detail the traumatic memory for the first time. One of the most significant literary contributions to this discourse in recent years has come from the author Han Kang.
Han Kang’s We Do Not Part and the Jeju 4.3 Incident
This year marks the seventy-seventh anniversary of the Jeju 4.3 Incident. Last year, Han Kang became the first Korean and the first Asian woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. We Do Not Part is set on Jeju Island, and while it does not overtly address the 4.3 Incident, it does explore themes of cultural trauma, memory, and the search for reconciliation. The novel follows Kyungha, a woman who is struggling with depression, unable to process the silence surrounding the brutal events of the past. Kyungha is haunted by nightmares of graveyards and tree stumps that resemble dead bodies. Her arduous journey to Jeju to rescue her friend’s pet bird becomes a metaphorical exploration of not only her own personal trauma but of the intergenerational trauma caused by the Jeju
4.3 Incident. The novel’s fragmented structure, which shifts between the present and flashbacks to the past, more like a long-form poem at times, mirrors the way in which trauma often disrupts the continuity of personal and collective memory.
In We Do Not Part, Kyungha’s journey to Jeju represents the greater search for truth and reconciliation. It represents the ongoing effort by the people of Jeju and South Korea to confront the legacy of the Jeju 4.3 Incident. By engaging with these traumatic histories, literature helps to keep the memory of the past alive, ensuring that future generations will not forget the suffering and loss that have shaped the country’s identity.
Conclusion
The Jeju 4.3 Incident remains one of the most significant and painful episodes in South Korea’s modern history. Although much progress has been made in terms of truth and reconciliation, the emotional and psychological scars of the incident continue to shape the lives of those who lived through it and their descendants. Through the works of authors like Han Kang, literature helps to keep the memory of Jeju 4.3 alive, ensuring that the lessons of the past are not forgotten.
References
Alexander, J. C. (2004). Toward a theory of cultural trauma. In J. C. Alexander, R. Eyerman, B. Giesen, N. J. Smelser, & P. Sztompka (Eds.), Cultural trauma and collective identity (pp. 1–30). University of California Press.
Caruth, C. (2016). Unclaimed experience: Trauma, narrative, and history. Johns Hopkins University Press. Han Kang. (2025). We do not part (E. Yaewon & P. A. Morris, Trans.). Penguin Books.
Huh, H. J. (2020, April 3). The quest to rediscover Jeju’s lost towns and villages. Hankyoreh. https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_ national/935577.html
Kim, H. J. (2014). The massacres at Mt. Halla: Sixty years of truth seeking in South Korea. Cornell University Press.
The Author
Diane Dooley is originally from Glasgow, Scotland. She has a BA in Korean and an MA in Korean literature. Diane enjoys reading, writing, learning, and talking about Korea to anyone willing to listen. She currently lives and works in Gwangju as an English teacher. Instagram: @yeloodenaid Email: dianedooley@naver.com
Jeju 4.3 Peace Park. (Flickr)
The 4.3 Jeju Massacre in Words
Two Representative Novels
By Chung Hyunhwa
April 3rd is a night of memorial services in many homes in Jeju. Why so many deaths? What really happened? Here are two novels that describe the massacre and the pains it left to the survivors and those who loved them.
We Do Not Part (작별하지 않는다, 2021)
By 2020 Nobel Prize Laureate Han Kang
This story is narrated from the perspective of a writer who was invited to a search for a very close Jejuan friend. This friend’s mother had passed away, and the daughter found her mother had had her own project of tracing her beloved brother who was lost in the 4.3 turmoil. During the search, the writer encounters a brave woman who had keep her own pain pent up for so long and never gave up her own lifelong search. The Royal Swedish Academy, conferrer of the Nobel Prizes, stated that Han Kang’s “intense poetic prose” focuses on “historical traumas,” colonial violence, and the “fragility” of humanity.
Sun-i Samch’on (순이삼촌, Aunt Suni, 1978)
By Hyun Ki-young
This book is recognized as the first novel to describe the 4.3 Jeju Massacre, and this is significantly meaningful because this book was published during the time of Park Chung-hee’s strong-armed dictatorship. The author had to endure multiple tortures for writing about this forbidden theme, and his book was banned until many years after its original publication date. The novel reveals how the trauma of a tragic massacre entirely destroyed a human being. A bilingual edition is also available.
Compiled by Chung Hyunhwa
“Gotcha! April Fools!”
April Fools’ Day – Filled with Fun Pranks
By Park Yeonju
Aday when not telling the truth is acceptable. – as well as tricking or spoofing one another! “I’m actually… moving abroad.” “Really? All of a sudden? Why?” “Well, it’s April 1st, you know...”
Did everyone see this coming? Even after hearing shocking news, once you realize what day it is, a sense of relief washes over you, followed by laughter. That’s right! It’s April Fools’ Day.
This is probably the day of the year when the most fibs are told and deceptions made. When April 1st comes around, we can’t help but wonder what kind of elaborate pranks people will pull. Do you remember a childhood friend suddenly making a completely unexpected statement? Friends who surprised us with the most unbelievable tall tales. And on the flip side, the times when we tricked others and ran away, shouting, “April Fools!” Looking back, we all have fond memories of April Fools’ Day.
Since childhood, we’ve naturally thought, “April 1st is a day when we can play pranks and fool others!” But when it comes to where and how April Fools’ Day actually began, most of us don’t really know. In this article, we dive deep into the origins and history of April Fools’ Day. A day we’ve always seen as just a time for fun tricks. Now, let’s travel back in time and uncover its obscure history!
Origin
A day when anyone can become a fool! That’s why April 1st is called “April Fools’ Day,” but it is also sometimes referred to as “All Fools’ Day.” Although it is not an official national holiday, many countries – including South Korea,
neighboring countries like China and Japan, and Western nations – enjoy this day with playful pranks. April Fools’ Day has been passed down through a surprisingly long history to become what it is today. While its exact origins remain a mystery, the media and major brands have embraced April Fools’ Day jokes, ensuring the unofficial holiday’s longevity.
The most widely accepted theory traces the origins of April Fools’ Day back to France. Before adopting the Gregorian calendar (solar calendar), many parts of Europe celebrated the new year around April 1st. However, some people either failed to realize or were late to hear that the start of the new year had officially shifted to January 1st. As a result, they continued their tradition of holding New Year’s celebrations from the last week of March until April 1st. Over time, these people became the butt of jokes and victims of hoaxes, eventually being called “April fools.” One of the classic pranks involved sticking a paper fish on someone’s back and calling them poisson d’avril (“April fish” in French). This April fish symbolizes a young, easily caught fish – a metaphor for a gullible person who is easily fooled.
Poisson d’avril.
Historians link April Fools’ Day to festivals such as Hilaria, which was celebrated in late March in ancient Rome. This event involved people dressing up in disguises and mocking fellow citizens and even magistrates. It is said to have been inspired by legends from Egyptian mythology. There is also a popular belief that April Fools’ Day is linked to the vernal equinox, which marks the beginning of spring. This time period is known for its unpredictable weather and is said to have fooled people. This may have also contributed to the rise of April Fools’ Day.
“April Fools’ Day has been bringing joy to people for centuries.”
In England, the origins of early April Fools’ Day are said to come from The Canterbury Tales. This masterpiece, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, is one of the first literary works printed in English. Among its stories, in “The Nun’s Priest’s Tale,” in which there are two ridiculously foolish characters. The story mentions that a king and a princess’s engagement was set for “since March began / be gone thirty days and two.” Scholars interpret this ambiguity to actually refer to May 2nd. However, many readers misinterpreted this to mean April 1st, leading some to believe that this mistake became the foundation of April Fools’ Day.
When talking about Israel, it’s impossible to leave out biblical stories. Interestingly, the Bible also has a possible April Fools’ Day origin story. One of the most well-known biblical figures, Noah, attempted to check how much the floodwaters had receded. According to some interpretations, the first time he dispatched a dove from the ark to do this was on April 1st. Since the waters had not yet receded, sending the dove was a pointless task. This event is believed by some to be the origin of April Fools’ Day in Israel.
Pranking in Korean History
Did you know that Korea also had a day similar to April Fools’ Day during the Goryeo Dynasty (936–1392)? Isn’t that fascinating? On the first
snowfall of the year, people were forgiven for telling small untruths. This tradition continued into the Joseon Dynasty, as people believed that a heavy first snowfall was an omen of a bountiful harvest in the coming year.
One of the greatest pranksters of the Joseon Dynasty was King Taejong. In 1418, the same year that his younger brother Sejong ascended to the throne, Taejong decided to play a trick on Jeongjong (his older brother and former king). He ordered one of his officials to collect the first snowfall in a box and deliver it to Jeongjong, claiming it to be medicine. By the time Jeongjong realized the trick, the official had already left. Why was this prank significant? Because there was the tradition that if someone received snow from the first snowfall in a container, they had to buy the sender a drink. It’s amazing to see that even centuries ago, people in Korea enjoyed playful pranks. Finding a tradition similar to April Fools’ Day in Korean history is truly exciting!
Observing the Day Here & There
April Fools’ Day has been around for quite a long time! While its exact origins remain unclear, the various origin stories from different countries all seem plausible. It seems that no matter the era, playing pranks has always been fun! So, how do different countries celebrate April Fools’ Day? Let’s start with Korea. In Korea, April Fools’ Day is known as Manu-jeol (만우절, “many fools’ day”). It truly lives up to its name, as people can play pranks all day long!
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In schools, students often switch classrooms or rearrange their seating as a playful joke on their teachers. Identical twins sometimes swap classes entirely, tricking both teachers and classmates with their indistinguishable appearance! And let’s not forget Lotteria, a popular burger brand in Korea! About a decade ago, Lotteria held a creative April Fools’ Day event. Customers who recited a specific phrase could get a free burger! However, the catch was that they had to say it in a role-playing format with the staff. Only those who overcame their embarrassment could claim their well-earned burger!
Here is an April Fools’ Day prank that I personally experienced. There used to be an online shopping platform called T-mon. When I was a kid, I once visited T-mon and saw that they were selling tickets to space! Of course, the price was unbelievably high, with so many zeros that I couldn’t even count them all. At the time, I was so amazed and excited that I ran to my mom and said, “Mom! T-mon is selling tickets to space!” But she firmly dismissed it, saying, “No way. We can’t just go to space that easily.” Then, I realized it was April 1st. I had completely fallen for an April Fools’ Day prank! It turns out that when a prank is well thought out, you can fall for it completely before you realize that it’s April Fools’ Day!
Shall we head to China next? In China, April Fools’ Day is called (Yúrén Jié). Many people
enjoy playing pranks and teasing their close friends on this day. The term zhěnggŭ means to play tricks, fool someone, or prank them. For example, someone might say, “Your shoelaces are untied” or “You’re wearing your pants backward,” But in reality, it’s just a trick to see their friend’s reaction! What about Japan? Japan has a unique tradition for April Fools’ Day. The time for telling falsehoods is actually limited! People are allowed to fib in the morning, but by the afternoon, they must reveal the truth.
Now, let’s fly over to Canada! In Canada, just like in many other countries, people exchange jokes and pranks on April Fools’ Day. After pulling a prank, it’s common to shout, “April Fools!” One popular prank among kids is the whoopee cushion – a rubber cushion that makes the sound of passing gas when someone sits on it. It’s usually placed secretly on a friend’s or family member’s chair to surprise them with this unexpected sound of flatulence. While children especially love this prank, it’s also a lighthearted joke that even teens and adults enjoy.
A day to laugh and let loose! Amid our busy and exhausting routines, April Fools’ Day is a rare occasion when we can laugh freely and play pranks without worries. Though it lasts for just one day, isn’t it great that we get to share extra smiles and laughter with each other? April Fools’ Day has been bringing joy to people for centuries. Even though the name includes “fool,” why not take this chance to embrace the fun and lighthearted spirit of the day?
The Author
Park Yeonju is an undergraduate at Chonnam National University, majoring in political science and diplomacy as well as Chinese language and literature. Her third major is international development cooperation studies. She was born and raised in Gwangju and wants to promote the colorfulness of the city that she has been a part of for so long. Also, she wants to deliver various voices of the world. It is her dream to become a true journalist by inheriting the spirit of May 18.
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Navigating Tradition, Change, and Legal Boundaries Student Activism in South Korea
By Yousra Feriel Drioua
South Korea’s history is deeply intertwined with student activism, a force that has repeatedly challenged societal norms and governmental policies. From the resistance against Japanese colonial rule to the fight for democracy in the late 20th century, students have been at the forefront of pivotal movements. Today, Korean and even international students continue this legacy, advocating for various causes while navigating the complex legal landscape that governs protest and dissent.
The roots of student activism in Korea can be traced back to the early 20th century. During the Japanese occupation (1910–1945), students played a crucial role in the March 1st Movement of 1919, demanding independence and national sovereignty. This spirit of resistance has persisted through the decades, projecting itself in significant events like the April 19 Revolution in 1960, which led to the resignation of President Syngman Rhee, the Gwangju 5.18 Uprising in 1980, and the June Democratic Struggle in 1987, which paved the way for democratic reforms.
“Today, Korean and even international students continue this legacy, advocating for various causes while navigating the complex legal landscape that governs protest and dissent.”
In the most recent years, student activism in South Korea has evolved to address a broad spectrum of issues, facilitated by various organizations, such as the 21st Century Korea College Students’ Union (21C KCSU). Established in 2004, 21C KCSU is one of the largest student organizations in South Korea. It has been instrumental in advocating
for educational reforms, including the reduction of tuition fees and the improvement of student welfare. The union comprises student councils from numerous universities, fostering a unified platform for addressing national educational policies.
Another well-known organization is ASUNARO, or Action for Youth Rights of Korea. Founded in 2004 as well, ASUNARO is a youth rights organization dedicated to protecting and promoting the rights of young people and students. The organization operates across various cities, including Seoul, Busan, and Gwangju, and focuses on issues such as opposing corporal punishment, advocating for freedom of expression, and protecting the rights of minority students. ASUNARO’s inclusive approach has attracted both Korean and international student members, reflecting its commitment to diversity and equality.
An interesting organization is Voluntary Agency Network of Korea (VANK), it was reportedly established around 1999 and is an internet-based organization. It engages in cultural diplomacy and international awareness campaigns. With a membership that includes approximately 30,000 members internationally, VANK works towards correcting misconceptions about Korea and promoting its image globally. The organization’s efforts have fostered a sense of global citizenship among students, encouraging them to participate in international dialogues and advocacy.
South Korea’s increasing globalization has led to a more diverse student population, with international students becoming a significant demographic. While they bring diverse perspectives, their participation in activism
is often limited by legal and cultural factors. As foreign nationals in South Korea, they are subject to specific regulations that can restrict their involvement in political activities. Engaging in protests or political movements can lead to visa complications or deportation. This legal framework creates a cautious environment for international students considering activism. Another obstacle is navigating the different cultural and social landscapes, which can be challenging. Language barriers, unfamiliarity with local customs, and fear of repercussions can deter international students from participating in activism. However, some have found ways to support causes indirectly, such as through online platforms and by collaborating with local student organizations.
rights within educational settings. They prohibit corporal punishment as well as discrimination based on gender, religion, nationality, disability, race, and sexual orientation, and ensure freedoms such as freedom of expression and assembly. However, the enforcement and scope of these ordinances can vary by region.
Several causes continue to mobilize students across the nation, mainly gender equality, with issues like the #MeToo movement and digital sex crimes spurring student-led campaigns advocating for women’s rights and stricter laws against perpetrators. For instance, at Dongduk Women’s University in Seoul, students protested against plans to admit male students into some departments, highlighting concerns over preserving women-only spaces amidst broader gender equality struggles. In December 2024, the sudden declaration of martial law sparked massive protests, with students playing a central role. Utilizing K-pop culture elements like light sticks, these protests showcased the unique blend of tradition and modernity in Korean activism. While student activism remains vibrant, it faces challenges.
All in all, student activism in South Korea continues to be a dynamic force, driving societal change and challenging the status quo. Both Korean and international students contribute to this vibrant landscape, advocating for justice, equality, and democratic principles. As they navigate the intricate legal and cultural frameworks, their resilience and adaptability ensure that the spirit of activism remains alive, fostering a more inclusive and equitable society.
The right to protest in South Korea is enshrined in the constitution, but it comes with specific limitations such as those of the National Security Act. Originally enacted to counter communist activities, this act has been criticized for its broad application, sometimes being used to suppress dissent. Also, ordinances on student rights have been implemented in various provinces, including Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. These ordinances aim to protect students’ human
MA in media
and journalism. She’s an Algerian citizen residing in South Korea and aspires to be someone of use to society. Instagram: @myyigli
Photograph by Yousra Feriel Drioua.
The presence of flags in rallies is deeply rooted in Korean activist culture.
The Author
Yousra Feriel Drioua is a freelance writer and activist with an
communication
Springtime Splendor: Cherry Blossoms & Heritage Where History Meets Beauty
By Neha Bisht
Spring in South Korea is a season of renewal and celebration as the landscape transforms into a breathtaking display of cherry blossoms. The fleeting beauty of these delicate pink and white petals attracts visitors from near and far, eager to witness nature’s spectacle. Among the many cherry blossom festivals held across the country, the Yeongam Wang In Cherry Blossom Culture Festival stands out for its unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty.
Who Was Wang In?
Wang In was a renowned scholar of the Baekje Kingdom, an ancient Korean kingdom that existed from 18 BCE to 660 CE. When he was invited to Japan by the Japanese Emperor Ojin, Wang In took with him the knowledge of Confucianism, Chinese characters, pottery, blacksmiths, weavers, and the “Thousand Character Classic” (Cheonjamun) during the 4th century. His contributions played a crucial role in shaping Japan’s early education and cultural development. The festival is held annually to commemorate his legacy and his impact on cultural exchange between Korea and Japan.
Why Is the Festival Celebrated Annually?
The Yeongam Wang In Cherry Blossom Culture Festival is a vibrant tribute to Wangin In,
celebrating not only his scholarly contributions but also the rich cultural ties between Korea and Japan. Hosted in Yeongam County, South Jeolla Province, the festival is set against the stunning backdrop of cherry blossoms in full bloom. It serves as a platform for cultural performances, historical exhibitions, and traditional activities that highlight the region’s heritage.
To honor Wang In’s achievements and his vision of an open world, his descendants and visitors gather at his historical site in Mt. Wolchul National Park, Wang In’s birthplace and one of the most picturesque locations in southern Korea. In April, when 40 kilometers of cherry blossoms reach full bloom, the festival comes alive with numerous cultural programs reflecting the local heritage.
The festival’s grand opening parade, themed “Welcome, Wang In,” marks the beginning of the celebrations. Other key events include the Light of Wang In, Road of Culture ceremony, the Korea–Japan Win-Win project featuring Wang In Cheonjamun rice cakes, and the unveiling of the symbolic Cheonin Cheonjamun sculpture. Visitors can also enjoy traditional cultural experiences in Gurim Village, explore the Yeongam ceramic culture exhibition, and shop for local specialties at Gichandeul shopping mall.
The cherry blossom road.
For a more immersive experience, visitors can participate in Sangdaepo raft riding, Dopoje tug-of-war, and the Jeongdong-jeongho Festival or enjoy performances of traditional folk plays, Jangbujil songs, and Mt. Yeoseok Ssangpae Nongak (farmers’ band music). The Baekje costume studio, the thrilling “Challenge! 250 Stairs” activity, the Student Wang In Contest, and a local food festival further enrich the celebration.
My Experience at the Festival
Upon arriving at the festival grounds, I was greeted by a mesmerizing sea of cherry blossoms. The petals, gently carried by the spring breeze, created a picturesque scene that felt like something out of a dream. The festival was bustling with locals and tourists, all eager to immerse themselves in the festivities.
One of the most captivating moments was the historical reenactment of Wang In’s journey to Japan. Performers dressed in traditional Baekje attire brought history to life with an engaging play that narrated his contributions. This was followed by traditional Korean music and dance performances, which further enhanced the lively and celebratory atmosphere. Alongside the locals, my friends and I enthusiastically joined the traditional parade, dancing, enjoying the rhythmic music, and capturing beautiful moments in our cameras.
Another highlight of the festival was the cultural experience zones, offering a hands-on opportunity to explore Korean heritage sites. Visitors could try their hand at calligraphy, traditional games, crafts, pottery, painting, and elegant traditional Korean attire. The festival was also a paradise for food lovers, with numerous stalls selling local specialties and regional products. The aroma of
freshly made delicacies filled the air, making it impossible to resist tasting the delicious offerings.
For entertainment, a variety of performances and shows were held at the event ground, while local musicians played traditional and contemporary songs, drawing in crowds who joyfully danced along. A particularly memorable moment for me was participating in ganggangsullae, a traditional Korean dance. My friends and I eagerly joined in, moving to the rhythm alongside the locals. The experience was exhilarating, and it deepened my sense of connection to Korean culture. Being a part of the dance made me feel truly welcomed and included in the festivities.
A visit to the Wang In Historical Site was another essential part of the festival. Believed to be Wang In’s birthplace, the site provided invaluable insights into his legacy. Walking through its wellpreserved grounds, I gained a deeper appreciation for Korea’s rich history and its profound influence on neighboring cultures.
Additionally, every year, the Gwangju Global Network (GGN, formerly GFN) organizes a special tour for foreigners to take part in the Yeongam Wang In Cultural Festival, aiming to promote cultural exchange. The tour is fully supported by GGN, and participants engage in various festival activities as part of an exciting competition. The team that completes all assigned tasks is announced as the winner and receives amazing prizes. Participating in the GGN race allowed me to meet many local and international people, providing a wonderful opportunity to exchange cultural insights and make new friends. Engaging in festivals like this connects me socially with people from all around the world, enriching my understanding of different cultures.
The traditional welcoming parade.
A collection of handmade pottery at the festival made by visitors.
Every year, I eagerly return to this festival, captivated by its charm and beauty. I love capturing these moments through my camera and cherishing the memories. Exploring Korean traditions and experiencing the warmth of local hospitality makes me feel truly connected to this culture. The welcoming atmosphere of the festival always makes me feel at home, even when I am miles away from my own.
More than just a celebration of spring, the Yeongam Wang In Culture Festival is a tribute to history, tradition, and cultural exchange. The combination of breathtaking cherry blossoms, vibrant performances, and engaging historical experiences makes this festival a truly unforgettable event. Participating in cultural activities, joining the GGN race, and meeting people from different backgrounds have deepened my appreciation for Korean heritage and strengthened my connections with both locals and fellow visitors.
For anyone visiting South Korea in spring, this festival is a must-visit, especially for history
enthusiasts and nature lovers. Not only does it offer a chance to witness stunning cherry blossoms, it also provides an opportunity to immerse oneself in Korea’s rich cultural heritage. My trip to Yeongam was truly magical, and I look forward to returning, reliving these incredible moments and making new memories in the years to come.
Photo Captions
Left: The author with her team participating in the GFN race.
Middle: Performers in colorful attire.
Right: Performers in various costumes participating in Wang In's journey.
by Neha Bisht The Author
A native of India, Neha Bisht is pursuing her PhD research at Chonnam National University’s School of Materials Science and Engineering. She loves to meet new people and make new friends. Neha endeavors to contribute to the wellbeing of society in whatever way she can. @philla_korea
Photographs
AI Tools for ELT Teachers
By David Shaffer
We’ve heard a lot about AI (artificial intelligence) in the past couple of years. Some are getting tired of all the hype. Some shun platforms such as ChatGPT for not always being factual and fault it for being a homework surrogate. However, AI-powered tools are continually improving, and some, though created for the wider general audience, can be surprisingly useful and time-saving for the language teacher. AI is here to stay, and here we will mention just a few of the AI-powered platforms that can aid in making life easier for the teacher and more engaging for their students.
Speechma for Audio
The Speechma application is a versatile tool offering advanced text-to-speech capabilities that can simplify lesson creation for second language teachers. It offers hundreds of lifelike voices in over 70 languages. The available English voices, for example, are not just from English-speaking countries, such as the US and Australia, but also those of speakers from countries such as Korea. This feature is particularly useful for exposing learners to diverse accents and pronunciations.
Speechma allows teachers to create engaging audio materials, such as dialogues, vocabulary drills, or storytelling sessions, with minimal effort. Its interface makes it easy to quickly type in text, select a voice, and generate audio. It can accommodate up to 2,000 characters of text in a single recording. Voice effects include the ability to record at faster or slower that normal speeds and at higher and lower pitches.
Speechma can provide a friendly narrator for an audiobook, a voiceover for a video, or your choice of voices for a presentation. Another appealing aspect of this text-to-voice software is that it is completely free for unlimited use for anyone!
URL: https://speechma.com/
Lumen5 for Video
Lumen5 is a great tool for creating engaging video content. This AI-powered application simplifies video creation by taking text, such as lesson plans or articles, and transforming it into visually appealing videos. Once text is inputted, Lumen5 can automatically generate a storyboard, matching scenes with visuals, and music, and animations.
This feature is particularly useful for creating videos that focus on vocabulary, grammar structures, and cultural aspects of language use. The application supports more than 35 languages, though EFL classes would need only one. Additionally, Lumen5 enables the inclusion of subtitles, which can be added to a second video file after the students have viewed the video without any subtitles.
Lumen5 employs an easy-to-use and timesaving drag-and-drop interface. Videos can be customized by adding voice-overs, which is useful for listening and pronunciation exercises as well as role-playing. There are countless ways that Lumen5’s professional-quality videos can be used in the classroom – one’s imagination is the only limit. The “forever free” plan will be of particular interest to the occasional user.
URL: https://lumen5.com/
Gamma for Presentations
The Gamma application is a great resource for creating visually engaging presentations with ease. Its AI-powered design capabilities simplify the process, as it offers a variety of templates. This allows the teacher to quickly create slideshows that are both visually appealing and rich in interactive content.
One standout feature is the ability to embed multimedia elements, such as videos and audio clips as well as images, directly into the presentation. It also supports interactive quizzes and polls, enabling real-time student engagement and comprehension checks. Gamma projects can be exported as PPT or PDF files for off-line use.
Gamma’s AI-powered design capabilities allows you to create not only projects but entire websites. Input your ideas as text, select your design or layout, and let Gamma work its magic. You can include videos as well as charts, tables, and diagrams. Additionally, its collaborative tools allow teachers to co-create presentations or involve students in the process, fostering a more inclusive learning environment.
By integrating interactive and multimedia tools, Gamma empowers language teachers to deliver compelling and effective lessons tailored to the students’ needs.
URL: https://gamma.app/
Curipod for Creating Lessons
The Curipod application is a versatile tool offering features that simplify lesson creation and enhance classroom engagement. With its AI-powered platform teachers can generate interactive lessons tailored to specific topics, proficiency levels, and learning objectives. Simply by answering a set of initial questions, Curipod
will create an entire lesson. The lessons are projected on a communal screen, while students are instructed to log in to their personal devices to answer open-ended questions and respond to polls. The results are then displayed on the class screen. Writing exercises built into the lesson give useful feedback for writing improvement, and lessons end with an exit ticket.
With Curipod, the teacher can also make their own slides, quizzes, and brainstorming activities. Slide resources previously made can be uploaded to Curipod to be enhanced with interactive activities and AI feedback. Curipod also focuses on building and practicing core reading skills and writing skills, preparing students for standardized testing, and establishing daily routines.
URL: https://curipod.com/
Gwangju-Jeonnam KOTESOL
Upcoming Event
Monthly Chapter Meeting
• Date: April 12, 2025 (Saturday)
• Workshop 1: Art in Language Learning (Ide O’Connell)
• Workshop 2: Fandom in the Classroom (Courtney McLaren)
• Venue: Gwangju National University of Education (GNUE)
Check the chapter’s webpages and Facebook group periodically for updates on chapter events and additional in-person and online KOTESOL activities.
For full event details:
• Website: https://koreatesol.org/gwangju
• Facebook: Gwangju-Jeonnam KOTESOL
The Author
David Shaffer, PhD, has been involved in TEFL, teacher training, writing, and research in Gwangju for many years as a professor at Chosun University. As vice-president of the Gwangju-Jeonnam Chapter of KOTESOL, he invites you to participate in the chapter’s monthly teacher development workshops and in KOTESOL events and activities in general. Dr. Shaffer is a past president of KOTESOL and is the editor-in-chief of the Gwangju News
On Earth Day 2025 Our Planet’s Race Against the Clock
By Dhivyaa S. P.
It’s 2025, and the Arctic icebergs are melting faster than ever, dramatically reshaping habitats and threatening wildlife. Imagine standing on what once was solid ice, now melting rapidly beneath your feet – a powerful reminder of climate change. Having lived in South Korea for the past two years, I’ve witnessed a noticeable shift in climate patterns. South Korea, famously known for its distinct four-season climate, now experiences extended summers with scorching heat and prolonged winters with bitter cold, while spring and autumn become fleeting memories.
Around the world, many efforts are in progress to tackle climate change, such as renewable energy projects, sustainability programs, and rules aimed at reducing carbon emissions. Global actions like the Green New Deal and investments in solar and wind energy show real dedication. However, challenges like technology issues, inconsistent policies, and international cooperation problems remain.
This brings up an important question: Are these global efforts enough to halt climate change? Despite progress, we are still falling short of the goals experts have set, highlighting a clear gap between our intentions and actual outcomes. According to recent reports by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), global temperatures are projected to exceed the 1.5°C threshold by 2030 unless urgent and substantial actions are taken immediately.
In my opinion, we have already crossed the critical threshold. The damage done to our ecosystems and climate patterns has progressed to a point where “controlling” climate change is
no longer a feasible option. Rather, our efforts must now pivot toward adaptation and mitigation. Even with aggressive global action, certain changes are now irreversible, and our planet will undoubtedly undergo profound transformations. For instance, the melting of polar ice sheets has accelerated so significantly that even if global emissions stopped today, sea levels would continue rising for decades, permanently affecting ecosystems and coastal communities worldwide.
Yet, amidst these challenges, there are inspiring examples of positive change. Countries like Denmark and Costa Rica have achieved
With seasons shifting, will South Korea's cherry blossoms bloom as predicted this year?
remarkable success in adopting renewable energy, proving that dedicated action can make a meaningful difference. Denmark has achieved significant success in renewable energy, particularly with wind power, reaching a high percentage of electricity generated from renewables, with wind power constituting the majority, and aiming for complete fossil fuel phase-out by 2050. While Costa Rica has cemented its position as Latin America’s renewable energy champion, with an astounding 98 percent of its electricity generated from clean sources over the past five years.
Nature and humankind share the very atoms from which they are built; harming one inevitably harms the other. Just as poisoning a single stream can contaminate an entire river system, damaging nature sets off a chain reaction that ultimately harms humanity. Understanding this interconnectedness emphasizes the urgency of our actions – without immediate and innovative steps to protect nature, we risk our own existence.
The future of our planet rests in the hands of each individual. If we don’t take immediate, meaningful actions – reducing waste, choosing sustainability, and championing clean energy – there won’t be an Earth left to celebrate “Earth Day” (April 22). The time to act isn’t tomorrow – it’s now.
Photographs by Dhivyaa S. P.
The Author
Dhivyaa S. P. believes that every action, no matter how small, contributes to the bigger picture of change. She is always eager to participate in environmental initiatives and welcomes invitations to join. Instagram: @ my.hobby.page
Let trees stand as storytellers, whispering our history to future generations.
Pedaling towards a greener future – can cycling lead us to clearer skies?
Franci’s War A Woman’s Story of Survival
Reviewed by Michael Attard
Franci’s War: A Woman’s Story of Survival
By Franci Rabinek Epstein
272 Pages, Penguin Books, 2020
ISBN: 9780143135579
The book is a memoir from World War II Holocaust survivor Franci Rabinek Epstein. Her story mostly relates what happened to her during a three-year period from 1942 to 1945. The book was first published in 2020 by her three children. Franci’s story may not entirely be unique, but that only highlights the scope of the man-made tragedy. It is a story sometimes told with lack of apparent emotion, yet underlying this muted voice is the pain of truth, and the necessity of psychological selfpreservation.
What stands out about Franci is her keen sense of what was happening around her. This enabled her to make quick and correct decisions, at least most of the time. She never feared making a choice, and an inner strength enabled her to follow a moral path through mine fields of perverse morality.
The horror began in September, 1942, when at the age of twenty-two, Franci and her parents were deported from Prague, in what was then, Czechoslovakia. Like many, her family were non-practicing Jews. Her father had converted to Catholicism, and believed in assimilation. Her mother was agnostic, and Franci considered herself to be a Czechoslovakian citizen, baptized Catholic. By this time the family was familiar with life under Nazi rule, but certainly not accepting. They had previously been arrested and held for a short time in 1939. Their dress-making business had been taken from them. Why then had the family stayed? Franci explains: “Not even the Jews were immune to the incessant barrage of the Nazi propaganda machine.”
Franci was separated from her parents but sent to the same camp as her husband Joe. She was
assigned as a nurse’s assistant. Dysentery and typhoid were raging. Eventually she was sent to a workshop “which produced cheap cotton dresses for the Germans.” She writes of making friends and says, “Life could be pleasant, even amusing at times.” From a reader’s perspective, the first part of the book does not fall in line with what one might expect from a Holocaust memoir.
She does, however, refer to the environment as “suffocating.” With respect to religion, she states that “as a child, I had been totally captivated by the mysticism of the Catholic ritual; now I was suspicious of Mrs. T and other converts who were able to keep their faith intact in spite of the absurdity of the situation.”
Franci was sent to Auschwitz. There were wires and dogs, watch towers, and SS men everywhere. Franci was breaking. “A very strange sensation took hold of me, I stared down at my tattooed arm … it slowly detached itself and became two arms.” Franci had lost herself; she had become only her tattoo, A4116.
In June 1944, many of the prisoners were going to be sent to work camps. They were ordered to strip
and to put their clothes over their left arm. “A parade began in single file. ... A pattern emerged: the group on the left were clearly intended for the chimneys.” Each woman was asked a short series of questions. Franci was asked, “Profession?” She responded, “Electrician” and was told to move to the right. “It wasn’t an outright lie…. Her father was an electrical engineer.”
Franci was next sent to a camp near Hamburg, Germany. Life was difficult there with nightly bombardment. The work mainly involved the clearing of rubble, “a circumstance that afforded more opportunity to organize – a euphemism for steal.” The war was not going well for the Germans. The women began to hope. Together they took imaginary walks through their home town of Prague. “The most popular and lush fantasy was of sitting in a hot bath.”
“The year 1945 started with a letdown. The winter was grim, the sick line grew longer every morning, and there was the first death of pneumonia.”
Interestingly, from a reader’s perspective, there is a subtle but palpable change in the book. The telling
and description morph into tangible physical pain, psychological scarring, and existential assault. Gone, is the casual air of novelty. The human agony of loss, long suppressed beneath the denial of inhumanity, comes to the fore in the author’s words.
They were loaded into freight cars and moved again. “Some sort of death dance seemed to be in progress, with one of the living dragging a dead one by the feet toward the mass graves.” In this new location, the women looked for their old friends, but one “could not recognize anybody. These were only skeletons covered with a gray parchment-like skin, and eyes sunk deep in their sockets…. There was no need for gas chambers now.”
Then miraculously, it must have seemed, a tank was seen coming down the middle of the road. “The British were finally here.” It was a long and slow process, but A4116 eventually dissolved and Franci reappeared. The following fifty pages explain how Franci tried to rebuild her life in the short term. It certainly was not an easy task. She says, “I was incapable of responding to the kindness and concern of people, yet desperately lost without their company.
The last twenty pages of the narrative are an “Afterword,” written by Franci’s daughter. I suppose that, as much as can be expected, the chronicle has a happy ending. Franci wanted her story told, but her account is not just about what happened to her and those around her. Rather, the book recounts a journey by millions through a gruesome time in human history. It is a wandering of endurance that, when shared, can hopefully enlighten us to acknowledge a shared humanity.
The Author
Michael Attard is a Canadian citizen but has lived in Gwangju for over twenty years. He has taught English as a second language in academies and within the public school system. He is officially retired and spends time reading, writing, hiking, and spending time with friends.
Coffee Roadview
Spring's Must-Visit Café in Gwangju
By Anne Nguyen
Located in the heart of Gwangju’s Dongmyeong-dong area, Coffee Roadview offers a taste of European charm with a spacious terrace that makes it an ideal retreat for spring. Open daily from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., the café’s thoughtfully designed space encourages visitors to relax and enjoy the moment, whether indoors or out on its charming terrace.
Ambiance & Atmosphere
Stepping into Coffee Roadview feels like entering a charming European retreat, where vintage aesthetics blend seamlessly with modern comfort. The carefully curated interior features antique wooden furnishings, soft ambient lighting, and a layout that balances privacy with sociability. Whether settling into a cozy bar table, finding a quiet corner to read, or enjoying a conversation with friends, the space is designed to enhance the experience.
However, the true highlight is the terrace seating, which wraps around the front and side of the café. Ideal for enjoying the mild spring weather, the terrace evokes a European street-side café experience, where you can sip coffee while basking in the fresh air.
Plenty of indoor seating.
Coffee Quality
As an espresso-focused café, Coffee Roadview caters to both traditional coffee lovers and those looking for unique blends. Their coffee beans are categorized into dark roast (nutty and bold) and medium roast (clean with a hint of acidity), allowing customers to tailor their experience. The former presents a rich blend with deep chocolate and nutty cocoa flavors, while the latter offer a bright, fruit-forward profile with a pleasant acidity.
Their Americano is moderately priced at just 3,000 KRW, while specialty drinks like the Café Mocha and Vanilla Latte remain reasonably priced at 4,800 KRW. Espresso lovers can indulge in creative twists on the classic, with options like the Tiramire-so, Cheesepresso, and Cocoapresso – each offering a unique, decadent experience.
Pastries & Cakes
At Coffee Roadview, the pastry selection is just as enticing as its coffee. Classics like croissants, salt bread, and bagels are perfect for a light snack, while the Basque cheesecake and rich chocolate cake cater to those with a sweet tooth. For those who enjoy a hearty pairing, the cookies and assorted cakes are delightful accompaniments to any coffee selection. Beautifully arranged in a well-stocked display, each pastry invites you to take your pick and savor the moment.
Beyond its quality coffee and inviting ambiance, Coffee Roadview ensures a seamless experience with self-serve stations for water, napkins, and condiments, along with designated phone charging areas. The spacious layout comfortably accommodates large groups, making it a great spot for gatherings. Ordering is effortless with a userfriendly kiosk system that includes an English option for non-Korean speakers. For those who prefer a more personal touch, the welcoming baristas are always happy to take orders in person.
The
Anh Nguyen (Anne) has been living in Gwangju for five years studying journalism and communication at Chosun University. She fell in love with the city’s beautiful views, rich history, diverse culture, and delicious food. Her goal is to share her love for Gwangju and introduce its stunning natural scenery and attractions to everyone.
Photographs by Anne Nguyen.
Coffee Roadview's menu.
Matcha Latte, Signature Cream Coffee, and Strawberry Chocolate Cake.
Author
King’s English, Anyone?
By Park Nahm-Sheik
Britons take pride in their roles as custodians of the English language, which they often refer to as the King’s or the Queen’s English, depending on whether the reigning monarch at the time is a king or a queen. When Elizabeth II was on the throne, for example, it was the Queen’s English. Not being a Briton, I really don’t care that much what name standard British English goes by. As far as I am concerned, any kind of English is fine so long as it is intelligible. I would greatly appreciate every English word employed being clearly spelled out letter by letter and articulated syllable by syllable. I would certainly appreciate all English expressions deployed steering clear of overly dialectal or idiolectal turns.
A “substandard” variety of English may indeed pose somewhat of a communication issue. Once, I had to cope with the Kiwi variety of English when I was studying at the University of Hawaii at Manoa back in the summer of 1965. One of my classmates, who was from New Zealand, said something like “I just ‘kaim’ here to-‘dai,’” meaning “I just came here today.” His accent
sounded downright weird at first. With the passage of time, though, his accent did not sound so out of this world as it did initially. The novelty soon wore off.
The fact is that most of my Korean teachers of English also had quite an awkward accent. Although it was normally very clumsy, their accent did not really constitute that much of a speed bump to my ultimate mastery of the language. The truth is that I learned much of my English from those very teachers whose English was coarse, to put it mildly.
Anything but comfy as it was, my journey through the wonderland of English came with quite a few eye-opening moments as well. I got to be pretty good at the language by the time I went to the University of Hawaii (UH) and the EastWest Center (EWC) in the summer of 1965. In fact, I got to be one of the two top scorers on the test of English co-administered by UH and EWC. With hundreds of students from all over Asia and the Pacific taking the test, it was a pleasant
surprise. Almost something of a feat! The other top scorer was Mimi B. P. Lowe, a graduate of Nanyang University in Singapore. It turns out that I outperformed a myriad of other applicants from India, Pakistan, Malaysia, and the Philippines. They were individuals who had learned to speak English at their mother’s knee, as it were, so that English was practically their mother tongue.
“My journey through the wonderland of English came with quite a few eyeopening moments as well.”
Later, my appointment to the Seoul National University (SNU) faculty might have been inconceivable if not for the UH-EWC portion of my bona fides. I am indebted especially to two academics going back to my UH-EWC days. They were UH Linguistics Professor George W. Grace and Dean Lee Hahn-Been of the SNU School of Public Administration. Their references were indispensable to my 1969 SNU faculty appointment. As luck would have it, Dr. Lee was a visiting scholar at both UH and EWC, when I was there as an aspiring graduate student from Korea. In his reference, Prof. Grace stated that my written English was a couple of notches above that of the average native American college graduate. And Dean Lee personally saw to it that the meaning of Prof. Grace’s remark was heard loud and clear by the entire SNU community with specific reference to the faculty selections committee.
Lest it be forgotten, I also have greatly benefited from my work as TEFL R&D adviser at the Seoul offices of the U.S. Peace Corps in Korea in the late 1960s. I nostalgically look back upon my collaborations with Peace Corps volunteer Arthur Goldberg and his supervising coordinator George Worth, and I also appreciate having worked alongside other Peace Corps colleagues like Bryna Kaitz and Fred Blair, all of whom presented me with such fond memories to this day. Those were the good old days, indeed!
As a lifelong practitioner of ELT, I have diligently been searching for a royal road to English. With this holy grail as my guiding light, I taught English at two high schools in Gwangju, at Seoul National University in Seoul, and at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. In addition, I earned a bachelor’s degree in English at Chonnam National University in Gwangju, a master’s degree in theoretical linguistics at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in Honolulu, and a PhD in applied linguistics at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.
My conclusion at the end of this checkered EFL/ ELT career was that infatuation with linguistics might not necessarily be the wisest pathway to English fluency. Nothing but endless engagement with real English can pave the way to a genuine command of the language. No amount of theory could ever be the road to perfect English. Neither would any amount of formal teaching and classroom learning produce the King’s English! As far as I am concerned, only practice makes perfect. Remember this and you will be A-okay no matter what. Immersion in linguistics, whether theoretical or applied, will often turn out to be either a fool’s errand or a wild goose chase.
The Author Park Nahm-Sheik is a native of Gwangju. After graduating from Chonnam National University, he went on to receive a master’s degree at the University of Hawaii and a PhD (applied linguistics) at Georgetown University, both in the U.S. Upon completing an illustrious career at Seoul National University, Prof. Park served as president of the International Graduate School of English.
Photo Credit Background by Tim Mossholder/Unsplash.
Area Sports Round-Up
A monthly overview of local sports, featuring area teams and brought to you…
By Zhang Jiuzhou (Julius)
Kia Tigers Roar into 2025: Big Pay Raises, New Faces, and A Stadium Makeover
Gwangju City earlier announced that the renovation of Kia Champions Field would be completed before the start of the 2025 season. However, the actual construction timeline is expected to be delayed, causing inconvenience to baseball fans. The renovation work, originally scheduled to finish before the opening game, is now projected to continue until August, inevitably affecting fans visiting the stadium.
Kia Champions Field, completed in March 2014, is a large multi-purpose facility with a capacity of 20,500 spectators. Since its opening, there have been repeated calls for comprehensive maintenance, as some of the seats in the stands have shown damage and discoloration.
In response, Gwangju City pledged in a press conference last October to conduct a full on-site inspection and implement repairs.
Following last year’s championship victory and as a strong contender for the 2025 title, the Kia Tigers are expected to attract even more fans, aiming for 1.3 million spectators at their home field.
This year, for the first time, the club held its spring training camp in the United States, allowing new foreign players Adam Oller and Patrick Wisdom to benefit from a familiar environment as they adjust to their new team. Both Oller and Wisdom have made an excellent first impression on the coaching staff, players, and management. They entered the spring camp in top condition, demonstrating not only their physical fitness but also their friendly and enthusiastic personalities, which were highly praised.
They’ve also adapted well to Korean food. Reportedly, Wisdom quickly finished the kimchi fried rice prepared by the team for lunch. Oller, known for his healthy eating habits and not being picky, also enjoyed the Korean dishes without hesitation. Wisdom has already decided on a must-try menu item in Korea. He heard that “live octopus” (sannakji, 산낙지) is one of the most challenging dishes for foreigners but is considered a must-eat in Korea. He expressed his determination to take on the challenge.
Kia ace James Naile, now in his second year in Korea, is known as a hanwoo (Korean beef) barbecue enthusiast. After the start of this year’s
Adam Oller in pitching practice during spring training. (Kia Tigers)
spring training, Naile took Wisdom out to a Korean restaurant in Irvine to introduce him to Korean cuisine.
With the average annual salary in the 2025 KBO season reaching a historic high, the salary increase among Kia Tigers players has been particularly notable. The total annual salary for Kia players reached 9.423 billion KRW (an average of 177.79 million KRW per player), representing a 25.5 percent increase compared to the previous year – far exceeding the league’s average growth rate of 3.7 percent.
The player with the highest salary increase this season is “superstar” Kim Do-young, whose annual salary rose from 100 million KRW to 500 million KRW, marking a 400 percent increase – the highest raise in the KBO 2025 season. James Naile, who played a key role in last year’s championship series, ranks second among foreign players in terms of salary for 2025, with a total compensation of $1.6 million.
Gwangju FC Responds to Fan Discontent with Strategic Midfield Reinforcement
After hosting two home games, Gwangju FC has faced continued online criticism over ticket price hikes. Fans believe the sharp decline in average attendance compared to the same period last year is due to the increased ticket prices.
The rise in ticket prices was announced in early February when annual season passes went on sale. When the team previously played at the Gwangju Football Stadium, season tickets were highly sought after because they offered priority seating and closer views of the action. However, after relocating to the Gwangju World Cup Stadium, where the viewing distance is greater and more seats remain empty, the value of early reservations has diminished. Despite this, the club has maintained a high pricing policy: 600,000 KRW for premium season passes and 360,000 KRW for regular passes.
In addition, there has been disappointment over the treatment of season ticket holders. The club used oversized boxes to ship tickets and cards, and the apology letters contained typos, raising doubts about the club’s basic operational capabilities.
At the end of February, 954 Gwangju fans traveled to Jeonju for an away game to support the team. However, in the following week’s home game against Anyang, excluding the visiting Anyang supporters, only 2,700 Gwangju fans attended. This shows that the club’s marketing and home game promotions are far from meeting fan expectations. There is still a long way to go to meet the standards of civic pride.
On February 28, Gwangju FC announced the signing of former national team player Ju Sejong. Ju has played 260 matches in the K-League, scoring 16 goals and providing 30 assists. He also made 27 appearances in Japan’s J-League, adding two assists. Although he is now considered a veteran, his solid fundamentals, wide field vision, midfield control, and set-piece skills are still highly valued.
Ju Se-jong stated, “Gwangju FC is an excellent team. I will do my best on the field to show the fans what they want to see.” The team hopes Ju can be a major asset in strengthening the midfield. With Jeong Ho-yeon transferring abroad, Yu Je-ho out with an injury, and Park Tae-joon set to enlist in the military, Ju’s signing is seen as a stroke of good fortune.
Ju Se-jong playing in a third-round match. (K League)
AI Peppers Break Records, But Will Zhang Yu Return?
On February 19, in the fifth round of the 2024–2025 V-League women’s division, the AI Peppers defeated Jung Kwan Jang’s Red Sparks 3–0 (25–21, 25–23, 25–13) at Gwangju Peppers Arena. With this victory, the AI Peppers achieved a 10–19 record and reached 30 points, marking their first-ever double-digit win season in club history. Their goal of reaching 10 wins was achieved even before the fifth round ended.
However, the AI Peppers, who selected top middle blocker Zhang Yu as their number one Asian player pick this season, now face uncertainty about renewing their Asian quota contract. On March 6, the Korea Volleyball Federation (KOVO) announced that a total of only 43 players from 10 countries applied for the 2025 Asian Quota Draft, which closed on February 13. Japan had the largest number with 10 players, followed by Iran and Thailand with six each, Australia and Mongolia with five each, Kazakhstan and the Philippines with four each, and Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia each with one player.
Notably, there were no Chinese players on the list. Reports indicate that Chinese athletes did not register because of the Chinese National Games, which will be held in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in November. The competition, held in China every four years, is considered even more competitive than the Olympics.
An official from the AI Peppers stated, “We confirmed that instructions regarding the National Games were sent to Chinese players and agents.” They added, “Since Zhang Yu can still submit an application up to the day before the draft, we can’t confirm her final decision yet. All possibilities remain open.”
The Author Zhang Jiuzhou (Julius) is from Harbin, China. He began writing in 2022 and has contributed to the Chinese media in Gwangju. He concurrently serves at a sports data company. He is pursuing a master’s degree in media and communications and is responsible for the Chinese Students Association at Chonnam National University.
Zhang Yu celebrating with teammates during a recent match. (KOVO)
April Upcoming Events
FESTIVALS
The 55th Earth Day Celebration
Earth Day, April 22, is celebrated globally every year, and Gwangju is also having its celebration. The official global slogan for 2025 is “Our Power, Our Planet” to promote the goal of tripling renewable energy production worldwide. More can be found at https://www. earthday.org/ for what’s happening worldwide. The Gwangju 2025 Earth Day Event Committee organized a contest for the selection of its own slogan, and “A Green Earth, With Our Power” was chosen. An ambiguity lies in the fact that “painted” in Korean is pronounced like green, giving the slogan the additional meaning “An Earth Painted by Our Power.”
• Venue: Car Free Zone at Gwangju Metro City Hall
• Time: Apr. 19 (Sat), 1 p.m. – 5 p.m.
• Activities: Ceremony & music festival, market booths, experience booths, children’s’ art contest, street game zone, and more
• Admission: Free
Gwangju National Heritage Night Tour
A nighttime national heritage-themed tourism festival that provides various opportunities for historical and cultural experiences, facilitated by Dong-gu District.
Venue: May 18 Square in front of the ACC and at other places as announced on the website.
Time: April 25–26 (Fri.–Sat.)
Admission: Free
Activities: Tours, exhibitions, performances, food and market, accommodation
(www.artpass.kr for pre-registration) packages, dinner packages (a Gwangju-style meal and festival funds for designated guesthouse users).
• Detailed Information: https://www.gjnight. com/
Venue: Kim Daejung Convention Center
Time: April 4–6 (Fri.–Sun.), 10 a.m. – 6 p.m.
Ticket Purchase: 10,000. Free with pre-registration by Apr. 3 (Thu.).
Organizer: Korea Pet Association
Inquiries: 02-6121-6247/6425
FILMED MUSICAL
ACC Wednesday Theater: “Apres Girl, in Name”
A filmed musical that presents the challenging life of Park Namok, the first female movie director in Korea, who left behind a historic movie The Widow (1955).
Venue: ACC Culture Center, Cultural Information Center, B3 Theater 3
Time: Apr. 2 (Wed), 7 p.m.
Price: Free
Ticket Purchase: Reserve on the PlayGwangju site or at the ACC. Even if online tickets are sold out, you can still watch the show if tickets are available on the day of the screening.
Inquiries: 1899-5566
CONCERTS
Gwangju Symphony Orchestra’s 393rd Regular Concert: 2025 Symphony Festival Preview
Venue: Gwangju Arts Center (광주예술의 전당), Grand Theater
Time: Apr. 1 (Tue.), 7:30 p.m.
Ticket Purchase: Gwangju Arts Center website
Price: R 30,000; S 20,000; A 10,000
Inquiries: 062-613-8241
Gwangju City Gugak Orchestra’s 141st Regular Concert: “Dream” Returns
Venue: Gwangju Arts Center, Grand Theater
Time: Apr. 4 (Fri), 7:30 p.m.
Ticket Purchase: Arts Center webpage (member discounts on the website only) or Ticket Link
GAC Special Performance Focus by the Park Jong-sung × Kim Hyungseok Project: “You, Again”
(Harmonica, piano, guitar, & cello)
Venue: Gwangju Arts Center, Small Theater
Time: Apr. 17 (Thu.), 7:30 p.m.
Ticket Purchase: Gwangju Arts Center website or 1588-7890
Price: R 30,000; S 20,000 Inquiries: 062-613-8233
ACC Brunch Concert for April. Ballet
Music Drama “Moments” with Oh Eun-chul
Venue: ACC Theater 2
Time: Apr. 30 (Wed.), 11 a.m.
Ticket Purchase: ACC website
Price: R 30,000; S 20,000 Inquiries: 1899-5566
EXHIBITION
2025 ACC Contact: “Our Bodies, Embedded with Others”
Venue: ACC Creation Center Complex Exhibition Hall
Time: Apr. 17 – June 29. Closed on Mondays.
Price: Free Inquiries: 1899-5566
GWANGJU INTERNATIONAL CENTER
※ All of the above events and more can be found on the PlayGwangju website, and reservations can be made there as well (https://www.playgwangju. co.kr/).
Compiled by Chung Hyunhwa.
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