2.0 BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH 2.1
LEGISLATION TO CONTROL SMOKE
Thick smoke-filled winter fog has badly affected life and trade in Britain's metropolitan environment. Francis Albert Rollo Russell, son of former Prime Minister Lord John Russell, stated that house smoke was primarily responsible for defacing the city's historic architecture, blocking sunlight, destroying vegetation and, most importantly, endangering people's health between 1837 and 1910. Furthermore, due to the deterioration of the pre-existing lung illness, there was a lack of vigilance in preventing smoking during the extended fogs of late January and early February (Mosley, 2003). Households generally utilise energy for space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and clothing drying. In the 1940s, 19,056,00 dwelling units with 700,00 households used coal as a primary heating fuel (Leibson, 1988). In Victorian and Edwardian Britain, smoke pollution from household fireplaces was acknowledged as a severe urban environmental issue. Sulphurous household smoke emissions, for example, have been linked to an increase in respiratory disease deaths. Emissions of coal from more than a million chimneys coupled with dense fog may have greater lethal repercussions than animal slaughter (Mosley, 2003). 2.2
SMOKE CONTROL AREA IN OXFORD
The free-standing coal fire of both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was a focal point concerning family life, and the authorities dreaded it. The ramifications of enacting legislation are the fact that obstructed a citizen's ability to enjoy the very widespread institution of having an open coal fire. The authorities are still reluctant to take serious action against domestic smoking (Mosley, 2003). The local government-designated smoke control area in Oxford, on the other hand, has implemented a Clean Air Act. Its purpose is to prevent considerable smoke emissions from chimneys, furnaces, and boilers. Furthermore, unless in "exempt" appliances, unlawful fuel usage within Smoke Control Areas (SCAs). 2019 Council. According to British Coal Cooperation Coal Research Development, British household coal-fire appliances for the smoke control region and emissions from these comply with United Kingdom regulations. As a result, there is a lack of public knowledge about the use of coal in the home, as well as difficulties in handling and storing coal, cleaning ashes, and delivering coal in urban areas (Leibson, 1988)
Smoke Control Area of
Oxfordshire Scale 1 : 50000
Smoke Control Area
Outer Smoke Control Area
0
400km
