1.1 Urban morphology 1.2 urban design
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introduction
urban morphology
Cities are experts in which we may exercise our imagination. People generate them in a variety of ways, including emotionally, physically, and financially, since we contribute a lot of energy linked with every elevation, and they are an essential component of us as a kinds, appropriate to our existence.
Urban morphology is defined as the form associated with human settlements, abstract structure, and the process of production and alteration. The goal of urban morphology research is to help us comprehend the built environment as a complicated physical thing. It is a highly specialised but diverse interdisciplinary field. Urban morphology is used within geography, architecture, landscape architecture, archeology, history in multiple perspective and so on. These visualisations represent a combination of modern central business districts, old historic sections, the twentieth-century business parks, and suburban residential areas in order to qualitatively compare urban spatial formations in different types of settings (Geoff Boeing, 2019)
urban design Urban is described as a character in every aspect of a city where the environment has the potential of forming us as users. A complicated system comprised of natural infrastructure should be included in the planning of a city. In terms of economic background, we should take a global approach to shaping cities. This should include both sustainability and climate change. A well-managed city with zero pollution generates zero carbon with the objective to save the next generation of users and reuse resources to develop a better city. Meanwhile, city globalisation is a major topic for global money investment in order to pursue the rapid cycle rather than the slow cycle. Furthermore, the study of local policies captures the facture of building the planning approach in masterplanning the city via academic and practise. The other element is growing population and migration, with a high probability of urbanisation. Beyond that, pandemic and post-pandemic issues may occur in the future of city planning. Figure 0.1
Kuala Lumpur's Green Central Business Districtcities
We must recognise the city's Place importance, which includes economic, social, and cultural importance. As part of it, city design should take into account accessibility for users to access amenities within walking distance range, as well as providing safe roadways and vitaliry. Furthermore, successful city planning must incorporate a feeling of place and people place. Furthermore, it should offer a variety of methods for integrating fine grain mixed usage. Besides, it should be well intergrated open spaces with green spaces. Political context may establish new communities with which to flourish. Aside from that, it takes into account the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) section 12 which introduces well-designed areas as well as a distinct design vision. It should also be aesthetically appealing and preserve the local character in order to consider sense of place with appropriate value.
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week 1 Desktop analysis, site assessment, objectives and design actions. week 2 Route structure and neighbourhood structure / land use week 3 Blue and green infrastructure and approaches to energy efficiency week 4 Urban tissue analysis week 5 Detailed assessment of energy efficiency week 6 Open space network and townscape analysis week 7 Public open spaces - location, design and use analysis week 8 Urban tissue and plot/building types week 9 Financial viability / Design codes week 10 Design for health and sensory experience audit
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week 1 Desktop analysis, site assessment, objectives and design actions. Early stage of developing and involve in Urban Design is to know the placement of the site and the context. It is part of the checklist to assest the potential of team work and analyze the principle in site analysis. However, developing a group is the main point to provide the information of the site. Besides, connectivity among the team is the major in some critical way.
Connectivity and Accessibility The site proposed is well organized with access placement and public aminities. The expectation to the site is major towards the mobility and network of main road.
surrounding view The site aesthetically expresses the vibrancy of the building style and evident content heirarchy. Meanwhile, the orientation towards the site view is in direct touch with the various elevations to be linked.
The task In general, it is the first layer of understanding the fundamental plan of the site as well as getting connected with the site's border. Furthermore, looking ahead at the surrounding environment may provide some perspective and idea about the situation.
urban design qualities The good way qualities of city is complex, diverse and constant changing. On the other hand, it consist urban tissue in order to develop the plot series of block while plot contain activities for the building. The vision statment about how people use the city is up to diverse community without destroying the planet.
site assessment methods Analysing the surrounding context has been used to organise the observations. The following step is to compare the selected studies. Furthermore, a synthesis was necessary to conclude the findings into description, evolution, and design. Analysis
Comparision
urban tissues/street Identify a key road where urban development began, as well as the following members constructed as a link to the Woodstock road with Walton street.
plot series/block The placement and design are varied and proportionate to the land usage, pedestrians, and cyclists.
plots Plots are where we can observe the varied colours and types of land usage in high resolution of the context with plot ratios, while the surrounding context is filled with varying size and kind.
Buildings From a site standpoint, 60% of the structure is solid, while 40% is vacant, although only in chosen plots, largely residential and educational.
materials The fluency of various aspects to be merged together across the site is used to assess the capabilities and elements that comprise the architecture language.
green space The most prominent is Oxford University Park, which is located on the west side of the planned site and provides some background.
assets
As part of the link with public transit on Woodstock Road, it is accessible from two major roadways. While the site is bordered by a diversity of land uses and has connectivity,
oppostunities
Residents and students can use the platform to develop nodes and attractions.
sensitives
The site visually express the vibrance of the The site visually express the vibrance of the
Synthesis
Figure 1.1 Site assessment methods
constrains
Figure 1.2
Initial Assesment Site
The herritage building is overshadowed by modernism architecture, which is austere and lacks uniqueness as part of the local identity.
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week 2 Route structure and neighbourhood structure / land use Connecting from one place to another should be structure and define the connectivity between those outline as well as emphasise the main elements. However, it leads to the fundamental characteristics that comprise a high-quality location. Character, flexibility, ease of mobility, diversity, health, and financial independence are all examples. We presume that humans come first, followed by traffic, in terms of ease of movement. This manner, we may increase accessibility and permeability, making it easier to connect and move about.
design theme and qualities of sustainable movement 1. Connection 5. Character 2. Convinience 6. Cleanliness 3. Adaptability 7. Activity 4. Socialability
strategic routes
Local routes
Analysing the rule or The phases to form a pattern is identifying the cetres. As it focuses on occupied buildings, these cetres might be a hamlet, a market, a city, or a metropolitan area.
After exploring the centres with the highest number of inhabited buildings, there will be certain concerns about identifying and colour coding routes in connection to the centres. It should be able to recognise the local route type based on location, as this is established by distinguishing between different sorts of local routes.
how we walk in the city? Mono-character walks are uninteresting, whereas intersections or junctions give more experience and permeability.
Tangential
primary arterial
Cul-de-sac
Several connections to centres are made indirectly, with priority given to through traffic.
Each end is linked to a central.
On one end, it is connected to a route, and on the other end, it is connected to itself.
secondary arterial
peri centric
On one end, it is connected to a centre, while on the other, it is connected to a through route.
Each end is linked to a subsequent one on a greater hierarchy of strategic routes.
Figure 2.1
how we approach a project!? Sites should be assessed in regard to their route structure and land use. In addition, there are constraints and possibilities. In addition, access, natural asset, and heritage are discussed.
through loop As it signifies for two way exit with many options for users, connected on a dual-path end to the identical comparable routes.
End Loop
thoroughfare
Define as a link to a route with just one end along with itself on the other, with only one way out.
each end's connection to a separate route
External Strategic Routes
Figure 2.2
Local Routes
component, element and the plot as the module of urban tissue Individual spaces and plots are involved in the use and structure of the neighbourhood. The main task of developing analysis is to measure current activities as well as to obtain a standard analysis to be used in general as employed in planning that include leisure, retail, the workplace, industrial, residential, instituitional, residential instituitional, hotel, and industrial. (Karl Kropf, 2017)
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week 2 Route structure and neighbourhood structure / land use identify the route structure Of oxford wider plan
identify the route structure within the site context
Throughout the team discussion, observations and conclusions were properly developed and grouped according to the map with an extensive contextualised map of Oxford.
The following step is to colour code the close-up map utilising the given blank map. Analysing the map according to the highlighted colour code from the list below leads to observations and conclusions on the relationship between heirarchy as well as spirit of place. Furthermore, the thoroughfare is mainly used in residential and retail areas, where it is designed to connect accessibility on both sides.
The site is linked by a primary arterial road from the A4144 Southern Bypass to the A40 motorway to the north. However, the site can be conclude that the collective thought that the location is accessible via tangential path was brought up in the conversation.
The Oxford University Offices are secured by the end loop route since their facility is part of the private and security purposes because there is one and only entrance and exit route.
Figure 2.3
tangential
Primary Arterial
secondary Arterial
Oxford Wider Context Plan
peri centric
Figure 2.4
thoroughfare
through loop
Route Structure Plan
end loop
The Site Bus Stop
cul-de-sac/TREE
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week 2 Route structure and neighbourhood structure / land use how we experience city?
Legend
To be an aspect of the urban user, pedastrianism must be encouraged as part of the accessible. In general, walkability requires a feeling of size and movement space, along with ability to move around. (Jan Gehl, 2010)
Residential
Green Space
Worship
Retail/mixed use
Pub
Hotel
Education
Heritage
The Site
Analysis to identify the land use data The connected site's centres might be a hamlet, a market town, or a metropolis with a concentration of occupied buildings. However, the primary focus of creating analysis is to monitor present activities along with standard analysis that can be used in general, such as in urban planning.
Accessible by means of pedestrian or perhaps urban village indicate as a major building block whereby to develop urban form emphasising a town, district, or local core that provides its ability to access amenities and services on foot. (Thomas, 2013)
The process of linking locales so they can reach local facilities is the essential connection to the concept. Indeed, it should be considered to carry out everyday life as users may pick banks, supermarkets, recreation centres, post offices, secondary schools, libraries, playgrounds, parks, and playing fields in order to make it accessible and all local. (Hugh Barton, 2010)
The city is also a gathering place for people to participate in the expansion of social and leisure activities. (Jan Gehl, 2010)
Figure 2.5 Land Use Map
assets
Character, flexibility, ease of movement, and plot diversity are examples of good basic element quality.
oppostunities
Easy mobility and linked places to improve accessibility and permeability leads to Urban living settlement for residential as linked to the retail plot.
sensitives
The site has discrepancies in plot and block dimensions, resulting in an unbalanced site relationship to the context.
constrains
As a consequence, having a conventional grid while basing it on human behaviour reaction completely makes it accessible and permeability towards the site.
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week 3 Blue and green infrastructure and approaches to energy efficiency The whole complexity of the link amongst biological community alongside the urban environment based on the interaction of human culture along with the natural environment is termed as urban ecology (Ian Douglas et al, 2010). In the meanwhile, the landscape is a natural network that connects and protects the blue and green infrastructure. The natural network might offer providing, regulatory, and cultural actions. open/green space benefits It demonstrated the importance of physical and mental health to inhabitants of cities.. Based on findings, having access to local greenery is related with greater mental health; yet, access is frequently balanced. It is therefore necessary to assess how nature-based therapies safeguard and support mental wellness (Carly Wood et al, 2022). Meanwhile, it provides the possibility of approachability and accessibility. It is also resolution complexity in the direction of the shade of green.
Blue and green infrastructure The stressed natural grassland represents the green structure, whereas freshwater is the blue structure, as it developed to be enhanced grassland by rate of change and plots of land usage. Then, a building was constructed based on both of the blue and green structures.
Application across scales Settlement scale Precipitation
District scale Wind
Block scale
Detail component Scale
Heat Island Sun Angle Temperature and Humidity
Climate analysis checklist
Covered by surrounding green which connect the
Property Value
According to the analysis, the suggested location is not connected with a corridor connecting patches on the east and west. Aside from that, the topography analysis shows that the site is always level, but near the river, there is a slight slope that may generate a minor flood.
Commercial value benefits
Street system
Figure 3.1
Climate Analysis checklist and Street system
Building system Facade garden Figure 3.3
Roof garden
Oxford Blue and Green Structure
Green wall Natural grassland Figure 3.2
Diversity of Landscape Urbanism
improved grassland
freshwater
the site
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week 4 urban tissue analysis The city's Genius Loci is distinguished by a specific pattern and collaboration of streets, plots, and buildings. Urban tissues can be identified as a unique region with a distinct unit of development. Throughout the process of generating a city's place identity, socially structured elements must be accumulated, contrasted, and generated from historical origins using local materials.
character as a composite
The initial step is to examine the street network in order to recognise the variable in addition to the land use colour coding in order to determine the granularity of the city or location.
The combined impact of receiving a unique collection of characters
The image/sense of a place is not restricted to its physical shape. Built Form Figure 4.1
Character area
Perceptual response
Physical character
Character as a composite
Then, based on typologies, materials, modern vs. ancient buildings, building height, and strong vs. weak frontages, refinements are required.
Land Use Activities
Pattern of movement
Aspect of form and character
Busy Quite
Furthermore, it is necessary to identify the link across the characteristics of an area as uses, parks, landmarks, barier, or even boundaries.
Natural Environment and climaate The Ground surface Vegetation Temperature Regime Temperature
Figure 4.2
the structure view
resolution
[time frame] The Process -Development Aspect -Natural environment -pattern of movement -Land use -Built form -Perceptual Response
It must be in a reasonable manner of conceptualising to translate into resolution every element with complexity such as modern dwelling, parkside, industrial park, and so on.
Aspect of Form and Character
aspects
Figure 4.4 time frame
Built Form Figure 4.3
Analytical Review
Identity Character Areas
Legend High Density Residential Low Density Residential Education
High Density Commercial Low Density Commercial Transport Corridor
Private Green Space Public Park Historical Building
The Site
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week 4 urban tissue analysis Character of place identity
analyse the character and elements Residential Core
The basic theory of obtaining character information is to learn the identify of a location. In terms of the location, it should be filled up with replication according to what has been done in the past, but we also need to consider including and depending on the needs of the community. The workshop will outline the limits of the character of the area in order to regulate the spectrum of frontage so as to prevent privacy and services from the building's backlane. Furthermore, it is necessary to visualise the linear measure with the objective to obtain the construction dimensions of height, breadth, and element placement. This session, on the other hand, was loaded with the concept of developing a feeling of place.
Walton street
Kellogg College
Strong Residential Grid
University Park
Figure 4.6
To approach the spatial structure with neighbourhood context, the commercial centre for place identity. However, in terms of rootedness, the idea of place identification on Walton Street. Rootedness is a subconscious sense. It is an emotional connection to a familiar place. It's the feeling of being at ease and connected, even if you're not sure why. The empowerment is based on the responsive environment. Commercial use on Walton Street observatory street The element of colour play main identity of place as well as the culture of the use of chimney as part as sense of place. However, the element of keystone provide the character with arch and keystone presented with repetitive architectural principle. Nevertheless makes up an active façade category with a wide range of function and little personality in the façade relief with good features and materials. (Jan Gehl and Birgitte Svarre,2013)
St. Giles’ Church Residential -Fine grain
Education Core
Figure 4.7
Residential use on Observatory Street woodstock road The rootedness of the pedestrian walkway provide sense of direction to the site. Regarding the edges of the road give sense of belonging. In addition, the facade is boring while almost no variation while uninteresting units with few or no details. (Jan Gehl and Birgitte Svarre,2013)
Education
St Mary MAgdalen
Rail corridor
Figure 4.5 Character area
Shared frontage
Figure 4.8
Commercial Core
Oxford Railway Station
Identity Character of Urban Tissues
shared element
the site
Instituition use on Woodstock Road
A good character research will inform us about the character regions that surround our site as well as the identity of the site itself, permitting the urban designer to both contribute to and maintain the character. Properly comprehended, character evaluation is a terrific technique of reducing a lot of information and beginning to bundle it into a manner that we may employ to recommend ideas. Recognising local character through character analysis allows the urban designer to make good and proven value judgements about how to continue with a site in a comprehensive and cohesive manner.
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week 5 Detailed assessment of energy efficiency dominant wind direction
wind shadow casting
jan
feb
mar
apr
may
jun
jul
aug
sep
oct
nov
dec
wsw
wsw
wsw
nsw
w
wsw
wsw
wsw
wsw
wsw
wsw
sw
design with the wind In order to face with wind study is to measure the statistic from 21st June until 21 December of particular year which is during summer and winter. Following that, between June and December, read the wind direction. The wind direction is frequently west-southwest until December, when it turns to southwest. In term of windrose is to get the information data of direction, velocity and frequency attached in figure 5.2.
13-41km/h 37%
bN
NW
NbW
NW
Figure 5.4
Wind Shadow in December
low air circulation
Configuration of Wind Shadow
NE
EbN
WbS
EbS SE
bW
bE
S
SbE
b SE
bS
SW
The wind shadow is gathering data on low air circulation due to low wind pressure. Consideration wind shadow study in June dropped and faced towards east side as the wind direction comes from west-southwest. Meanwhile, in December express the wind shadow up to the north side. However it might effect the site alteration from the southeast site context which take into account the wind shadow filled the site directly wind direction from southwest.
Furthemore, the site in December recieved more low air circulation which might give opportunities as well as sensitives in term of land use and environment towards users. However the A building is protected from winter wind issued by the vegetation at the courtyard which bring the cold wind upward to the site.
bE
bW
WbN
SW
Figure 5.2 Wind Frequency and Velocity data
sw
legend Summer wind Winter wind Shadow guideline Wind Shadow The A Building
breeze
13-41km/h 30%
Figure 5.5
NbE
2-13km/h 54%
NE bN
2-13km/h 64%
wsw
light
0-2km/h 9%
dec
and
dec
0-2km/h 5%
Wind Shadow in June
Fill the wind shadow by aligning the wind direction beside the building from side to side and using a tangent line as a reference to loop the tangent line to show the shadow.
SbW
june
june
calm
Frequency velocity
Figure 5.3
Figure 5.1
Wind Rose and Wind direction data
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week 5 Detailed assessment of energy efficiency solar data for the selected location : commercial area on walton street design with the sun By using the SunCalc diagram can collect the data of the sun movement and sunlight-phase for the 21st June 2023 until 21st December 2023.
21st june 2023 0900
N
S
Figure 5.9 Sun altitude of 14.86°
E
W
S
Sunpath
03:57:46 Dawn 04:45:37 Sunrise 14:06:49 Culmination 21:28:02 Sunset 22:15:52 Dusk Daylight duration 16h42m25s 152,023,600 Distance [km] 35.59° Altitude 89.74° Azimuth Shadow lenght [m] 12.58
21st december 2023 The curved presented 0900 yellow-colored arc depicts the sun's journey, while the yellow deposit depicts the fluctuation in the sun's course over the year. The higher the sun is above the horizon, the closer a point is to the centre. The colours in the time-slider above depict the sunshine during the day. 07:28:47 Dawn E
W
S
08:08:58 Sunrise 12:03:00 Culmination 15:57:01 Sunset 16:37:11 Dusk Daylight duration 7h48m3s 147,173,027 Distance [km] 4.98° Altitude 138.75° Azimuth Shadow lenght [m] 103.29
03:57:46 Dawn 04:45:37 Sunrise 14:06:49 Culmination 21:28:02 Sunset 22:15:52 Dusk Daylight duration 16h42m25s 152,023,859 Distance [km] 58.92° Altitude 149.29° Azimuth Shadow lenght [m] 5.43
03:57:46 Dawn 04:45:37 Sunrise 14:06:49 Culmination 21:28:02 Sunset 22:15:52 Dusk Daylight duration 16h42m25s 152,026,107 Distance [km] 54.35° Altitude 228.23° Azimuth Shadow lenght [m] 6.45
1200
1500
E
S
Figure 5.10 Sun altitude of 14.86° with good condition Figure 5.8
Solar Distance in 21st December 2023 +/-180 150
-150
120
-120
-90 Summer Sunrise 4:45
90
60 Summer/Winter Sunset 30 21:28
S
S
07:28:47 Dawn 08:08:58 Sunrise 12:03:00 Culmination 15:57:01 Sunset 16:37:11 Dusk Daylight duration 7h48m3s 147,171,722 Distance [km] 14.86° Altitude 179.29° Azimuth Shadow lenght [m] 33.92
Figure 5.7
E
W
E
W
The ratio of facade exposed to the solar distace altering the usage of building type to residential above the line in order to get optimal natural sunlight while other use below the doted line.
S
W
E
Figure 5.6 diagram
N
E
W
S
The positioning of the mirrored framework obtained reduced solar distance with 14.86 sun altitude, which might have significant consequences.
1500
N
E
W
N
W
1200
Solar distance associated with design consideration 21st december 2023
-60 Winter Sunrise -30 8:08 0
Figure 5.11 Building orientation and preliminary Consideration
07:28:47 Dawn 08:08:58 Sunrise 12:03:00 Culmination 15:57:01 Sunset 16:37:11 Dusk Daylight duration 7h48m3s 147,170,428 Distance [km] 5.57° Altitude 220.01° Azimuth Shadow lenght [m] 92.30
Solar data for the selected location
Figure 5.12 Room orientation related to the movement of the sun throughout the day (Northern Hemisphere) (Neufert & Neufert, 2012)
In consideration of researching the design with the sun, it is necessary to examine the building orientation with the goal to design the architectural typology in designated land use. However, the data reveals that the Summer sunset is on the east side, whereas the Winter sunrise is to the southeast. This may be concluded that the place has powerful morning sun, which is desirable for warming up in the summer but cools down quickly in the winter. Furthermore, the sunset hour is the same in the Summer and Winter, which is on the Southwest. Taking into consideration typology is type of powerful evening sun, especially in the summer, as well as probable overheating and glare on site. Building typology or layout should take into account room orientation pertaining to the movement of the sun all through the day, which is the spaces subjected towards the sunrise ought to include an office, changing room and bathroom, nevertheless during winter is appropriate with bedroom, kitchen, breakfast area, study area and one-room apartment. Meanwhile, sunset is more focused on the community space, music room, library, and playroom.
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week 6 Open space network and townscape analysis exersice 1
serial vision
exersice 2 The Merdeka 118 skyscraper in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, is a landmark in my own country. It was the highest structure in my city of residence since it served as a focal point.
A townscape defined by (Cullen,1971) is combination of buildings, plot system, public lincage and natural infrastructure derived from urban tiisues. “It is this unlooked for surplus that we are dealing with, for clearly if the environment is going to produce an emotional reaction, with or without our vilition, it is up to us to try to understand the three ways in which” Gordon Cullen, 1971
An optic and motion is a synthesis of current and evolving views, meanwhile, place and position refer to our body's reaction to its surroundings, such as here and there, in and out, inside and outside, as well as below or above. The third is content-related, in that it considers the fabric of town, which measures colour, texture, size, style, character, personality, and originality (Cullen,1971).
Figure 6.1
Townscape (Cullen,1971)
Based on Figure 6.1, the key ideas for defining and building a place of a configuration that becomes a place when a person enters it are represented. As a result, it should be interpreted by a designer to create such settings and emphasise the diversity of experience travelling between the user to demonstrate a feeling of intrigue, drama, and place identity to the chosen site.
Five elements of city image path
nodes
landmark
Legend Node Distric Edge Landmark Path
Figure 6.2
edges
Figure 6.3
Figure 6.4
Merdeka 118
Human scale is vital in order to provide perception towards surroundings that are not suited with the Height to Width ratio being perceived maximum while it does not cooperate with tree canopy for spatial defenition in section. Westminister Hall
core principles for describing and designing place
enclosure
deflection
screended vista
It answers that our eye is completely surrounded. This inside is best shown by an inner courtyard, quad or square with street access.
A vista ends by a structure positioned at an angle, indicating that further space lies around the corner.
captured space
The distinction between Seeing through the arch'here and there' in terms way or railing frame. of 'hereness'. The archway, but with trees or plants in front, the 'thereness' is seen from a distance.
district
To identify and assess the five elements of a city picture in a team exercise, including the route, nodes, landmarks, edges, and districts. Measurable routes include streets, walkways, transit lines, canals, and railroads. Furthermore, nodes where we may discover community at intersections, places of a break in transportation, crossings, and transitions from one building to another. However, a landmark is a significant, distinct shape with historical significance. Edges are types of boundaries that include shores, railway cuts, development edges, and walls. Finally, district is a subjective of person judgement for deterCowley Road mining neighbourhood or community.
closed vista A building requires you to admire the vista as it ends.An archway may help to bring a scene to life by adding drama and intrigue. This may be tweaked to offer new features.
projection and recession
Here and there
The attention is drawn to the intricacy of each structure rather than the road through it and the end of the view.
A distinction between two components of an environment. Whether an arch is introduced into a setting, for example, Inside reaches outside.
Sky and infinity A contrasted setting provides a shock and drama to the perspective that has a framed look into it.
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week 6 Open space network and townscape analysis the workshop
Model of wooden block view A N
The workshop is watching the video "Oxford Townscape - A short video was filmed by Kristin Gray" on You Tube. Through this workshop, we will analyse the short film based on the timestamp and choose one that is eye-catching and has a variety of aspects, as well as justify and annotate the essential elements. The next step is to apply the key element concept to the mock up study of wooden blocks presented in the session. The picture of the design solution must then be captured from an eye level perspective.
This viewpoint highlights the important features of the incident in an effort to make the suggested site less uninteresting.
This is the work in a team workshop approach for analysing and annotating photos chosen by my team.
Analysis 1 Based in this perspective analysis, the first element that major in the picture is the incident. Characteristics within the constructed form that break up the view of the street and bring the attention to features of the street as we go along it, and how successfully this is done. Moreover, the projection along with deflection which does not totally contain the room, but rather indicates that there is more space around the corner, bend, or curve. Figure 6.4
Workshop Excercise - Analyse the Townscape
Analysis 2 The second picture recorded even little incidents in minor scale, but our visual level is most significant in recognising the item in the townscape. However, the object adjacent to it makes a deflection with a purpose and feeling of giving direction towards the users, finally directing them to the crucial places. There are also screened vistas to improve the hereness of contrast between here and there to make further distant statically. Figure 6.5
Workshop Excercise - Analyse the Townscape
view b
plan view Work in team to design and contribute towards the townscape concept for site proposal according 5 elements of city image as a guideline.
Landmark is a focal point of an area that is captured as an object or statue that is inhabited with a collection of sitting as it may be defined as space or nothing more than a statue, monument, and structure.
view c
view d
The major features of this perspective communicate to lead the user the direction towards an incident in order to enhance the scenery of the townscape, while the closed vista bring together the path to follow.
A difference of two elements of infinity and sky provide a contrast of visual viewpoint as to show here and there while confined areas, such as the courtyard, encourage quietness and contrast of human size.
Figure 6.7
Workshop Excercise - Design with wooden block
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week 7 Public open spaces - location, design and use analysis
Castle Hill
parks
Figure 7.1
ta
65.1m
El Sub Sta
CR
ED
65.5m
Carfax
65.5m
y
Tower
64.7m
St George's Tower
westgate shopping centre
56.9m
56.8m
Types of public spaces
63.1m
SM
61.7m
the workshop
61.3m
The team addressing a potential open space in downtown Oxford introduction with a framework of analysis while also presenting applying to the masterplan (figure 11.x).
City Wall (remains of)
D
© Crown copyright and database rights 2023 Ordnance Survey (AC0000851941). FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
Castle Hill
Castle (remains of)
am re St ill M St George's Tower
80
100
120
140
160
180
Landmarks of open space
200 m
Projection: British National Grid 08 November 2023 14:51
El
Su
bS
ta
65.1m
El Sub Sta
ED &
65.5m
Tower
64.7m
ED Bdy ard &W CR
63.1m
SM
56.8m
61.7m
61.3m
58.4m
City Wall (remains of)
source of movement
Types of public spaces
D
© Crown copyright and database rights 2023 Ordnance Survey (AC0000851941). FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
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Wan Harith Nazmie Wan Zaid Oxford Brookes University
“Public space is only one part, a physical manifestation, of the public realm”. (Thomas, 1991)
In terms of concentrating on social conduct, socialability is a major role of public space. People continue to rely on public space for practical, social, and recreational purposes.
City Wa
56.8m
Primary Arterial
Scale 1:2500
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
ll(remains
of)
58.9m
57.0m
Pond
Great Quadrangle
rangle Great Quad
m i g i 61.6m
200 m
Projection: British National Grid 08 November 2023 14:51
secondary Arterial
thoroughfare
Figure 7.4
The approach is upon the existing the blocks of Westgate Shopping Centre along with the Landmarks situated within the radius of the selection case study.
p a 62.5m
56.9m
Other Open Space
Figure 7.2
CR
63.9m
64.6m
Bdy Ward
Carfax
65.5m
64.2m
Selected Open Space
routes
64.4m
61 .7m
am Stre eham War
The site selection is the Bonn Square, which is located nearby the Westgate shopping centre.
60
y
58.6m
40
Bd
broad street
Po nd
58.5m
le st Ca
Frideswide square
THe open space
Figure 7.3
Scale 1:2500
20
of)
ard
position relative to
0
Wan Harith Nazmie Wan Zaid Oxford Brookes University
ll(remains
W
The first goal is to find a public open location to study. Nonetheless, this research is based on past methods of analysis, maps, street view, specifying and describing the qualities of the specified open area.
City Wa
56.8m
58.9m
57.0m
Great Quadrangle
rangle
58.4m
Pond
Great Quad
m i ig 61.6m
The Castle and Prison are the reference buildings leading to the open space of Bonn Square, while the Westgate shopping centres will give orientation and a well-known building near the site.
p a 62.5m
64.2m
entrance plaza
63.9m
64.6m
y rd Bd & Wa
Bdy ard &W CR
square
bS
61 .7m
(remains of)
am Stre eham War
courtyards
engagement
Su
ED
stadium
Environment
El
Bd
Public open space gardens Built and Natural
Castle
castle and prison
am re St ill M
Other than structures, the area is mostly undeveloped.
playgrounds
landmarks
64.4m
58.6m
le st Ca
open spaces
pocket parks
streets
Po nd
58.5m
ard
The area between and within the structure
public plazas
markets
W
Public realm
character area The urban character derives directly how the land use surrounded by mixed use.
cul-de-sac/TREE
Open space routes and character area
15
week 7 Public open spaces - location, design and use analysis Shape and size
internal design private boring frontage
active frontage
987.4m2
active frontage access point Figure 7.7
frontages
change of level legend
Figure 7.5
This perspective conveys the story of a simple frontage language in connection to open site selection, offering the users a visual character.
active component elements
Open space shape and size
position of access
ground surface
site boundary
plan dimension
plan configuration
987.4m2 Open space site study area is suitable to occupy 50 people at the same time.
The open space is an enclosure spatial layout with commercial use building
position of access The open space is accessible from New Road and Queen Road as well as users from Westgate Shopping mall.
Open space view 2
This viewpoint depicts the level changes by visualising the steps and adding an interactive component to the site. Figure 7.6
Open space view 1
Street furniture
shades street furniture seating
Users frequently seek a location to recline or rest by engaging in a physical activity such as sitting. Sitting is a typical behaviour, and individuals seek out a seating space when they are fatigued. Human Behaviour will believe that a level elevated surface is a good location to sit. Furthermore, the steps have a variety of levels and are shaded by trees. This image conveys a lot of information regarding street furniture and the significance of placing street furniture in an open area. Seating and street furniture are a fantastic mix with fun design to attract users, but they must first represent the character of the location to play and how people will adapt to the identity. Figure 7.8
Open space view 3
16
8 workshop week 8 Urban tissueweek and plot/building types RA W
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week 8 workshop
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El Sub Sta
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0 Wan Harith Nazmie Wan Zaid Oxford Brookes University
20
40
60
80
Scale 1:3500
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Several blocks indentified A
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Wan Harith Nazmie Wan Zaid Oxford Brookes University
20
40km
Scale 1:3500
40
60
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100 120 140 160 180 200 m
Projection: British Grid urban tissue. The study area was maximized by highlighting blocks ofNational selected
Two Urban Tissues
GA
Scale 1:3500
RE
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23 November 2023 06:19
Figure 8.1
ED
TO
ID © Crown copyright and database rights 2023 Ordnance Survey (AC0000851941). FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY. LA ET DE
100 120 140 160 180 200 m
Projection: British National Grid Two urban tissues were chosen based on their characteristics and land-use.
AD
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Two urban tissue selection methods Scale 1:3500 are discussed. A
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Routes/ streets spaces
Structures Materials
RH
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ID © Crown copyright and database rights 2023 Ordnance Survey (AC0000851941). FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY. LA ET DE
El Sub Sta
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Urban Tissue D RRAR UR GA ARTH CLOSE
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23 November 2023 06:19
Figure 8.2
Blocks
17
week 8 Urban tissue and plot/building types
Urban tissues 1
Urban tissues 1
The North side blocks occupied 80% of the space, while most space was occupied on the East side, leaving a void.
The education area has a large plot reserved to ensure the necessary block resolution.
Urban tissues 2
Urban tissues 2
Solid indicates the balance between the built structure and the open spaces within the plots.
The education zone has large margin plots exposed, whereas the residential zone is adequately balanced.
Urban Tissue blocks
Urban Tissue open spaces
PLots
Routes/ streets spaces
Structures Materials
solid and void
blocks
0
40km
Scale 1:3500
The block was identified to determine the solid's margin and ensure the left space for the void, known as open space. Figure 8.3 Buildings
open spaces
Routes/ streets spaces
Structures Materials
detailed plots of each block.
0
40km
Scale 1:3500
The blocks, marked with yellow outline, were used as plots to analyze the relationship between land use and the size of the plot, providing a detailed study. Figure 8.4 Plots
18
week 8 Urban tissue and plot/building types
Exemplar tissues from the chosen location are presented. The main plot or building type, as well as its access points, have been identified and measured.
The street width is directly proportional to the building height. The dimensions of the building include its width and depth, the building set-back, and the built area. The frontage of blocks is the external manifestation of the internal structure.
The frontage of the pedestrian vehicle has access points.
An overview of width and its sub-components. x = 3500mm y = 8000mm
Urban Tissue PLots series PLots blocks
open spaces
Routes/ streets spaces
Structures
0
Materials
the plots and blocks, the plot series has been observed.
40km
Scale 1:3500
A plot series is a collection of plots that are defined by their character and architectural aspects. Figure 8.5
Plot Series
Figure 8.6
Exemlar Tissues
19
week 9 Financial viability / Design codes Design codes, guidance, and self-build are essential tools for enhancing the overall functionality of a project.
United Kingdom local authority
Oxford Area type
The code may encompass certain elements across the entire local authority area.
Design codes can be applied to various types of areas, such as all villages or all inner suburbs.
Figure 9.1
Map of England
Figure 9.2
Map of Oxford
0
400km
20
week 9 Financial viability / Design codes generate a design code The area within the site that is subject to design control has been selected.
Development site residential zone with interesting architectural aspect. The code may be tailored to development sites like urban extensions, new settlements, and large sites, where it may be guided by masterplans.
Figure 9.3
Development site
21
week 9 Financial viability / Design codes The vision and objectives have been developed. A comprehensive guide on identifying different types of areas. Design codes should align with the local plan's vision for a place's future development.
Area types can be identified through characterisation studies, GIS analysis, or a combination of these methods, along with the expertise of planning officials and local communities.
The code must identify the existing built-up area as either an area type or a combination of area types. Area types, such as a small factory or school inside a suburban area type, can accommodate a variety of purposes and should be led appropriately if the site is suitable for development.
architectural features/materials Figure 9.4
Comprehensive Guide
Figure 9.5
Architectural features and materials
chimney
window 1
window 2
door
street lihgt
22
week 10 Design for health and sensory experience audit The health cities audit is a crucial tool for assessing the health of various cities. Conduct a SWOT analysis of your study area, considering all age groups and genders, to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
Stage 1 opportunities
5
Green corridors with tree-lined streets. Building orientation can provide shelter from winter wind. Active frontage 2 Direct views of a landmark building. 3 Sheltered street furniture in a public open place. 1
1 7
4 2
strengths
8 9
2
8
The public transport link is excellent. Cycle infrastructure refers to the system that manages and maintains The location is quite close to the city center. The area is inaccessible to parks and canals. 5 The community is robust and well-established. 6 The location is surrounded by a renowned and listed heritage building. 4
4
3 2
2
weakness/threat
7
5
2
7
7
4
Noise pollution is a significant issue that affects the quality of life Private Green Space Walton Street does not have any public transport connections.
improvement The noise buffer is being provided through a tree-lined street. The goal is to establish a green network within the site to enhance biodiversity and facilitate its connectivity. 9 The goal is to enhance connectivity through the implementation of pedestrian and cycle paths. 8
5
4
Figure 10.1
Proposed Site Analysis
23
week 10 Design for health and sensory experience audit Sensory richness refers to the variety of sensory experiences that individuals can experience while interacting with various objects and materials. Based on stage 1 analysis, a sensory audit of the study location, including visual, touch, smell, sound, and taste.
Sensory audit Use of colour as a vision sensory for a cycle lane, murals, art market as well as street art Water features as to promote the play and touch Change of level throughout site is more interact with body movement Farming views towards listed building and green spaces Creataing green buffers accross busy streets to protect from noise Flexible Public open spaces in order to facilitate open maarkets and community activities as to tackle the smell sensory Different texture paving to facilitate easier access for visually impared.
Figure 10.2
Sensory Audit
24
3.1 Access and connections to existing
streets 3.2 The primary internal street layout or network of mobility. 3.3 Blue / Green infrastructure / Open space network 3.4 Location of centers / non-residential 3.5 Townscape / city image structure
25
3.1 Access and connections to existing
the site located in Jericho, Oxford
the site located in Oxford, United kingdom
boundary of oxford
the site The proposed site in Jericho, Oxford, spans 4.23 hectares and is located between Woodstock Road and Walton Street. It is a popular educational area for the University of Oxford, with residential and student housing playing significant roles. The site's terrain is flat, but a gentle slope towards the Oxford Canal is considered on the west side, about 5 km away.
0
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26
D RRAR UR GA ARTH E CLOS
Access and connections to existing streets AD
D'S RO
RNAR
ST BE
Site and Primary route
E
ID
LA
E AD
ET
RE
ST
Y
OR
ET
RE
ST
R
SE
OB
T VA
bus stop
OD
WO
Rootedness and connectivity are essential aspects of human interaction of residential
OC ST KR
The arterial street is connected to Woodstock road.
D
OA
Secondary arterial road
the green network N
TO
AL
W ET
G ST RE ET
The arterial street is connected to Walton street
RE
KIN
ST
ST
ET
RE
AN
IG
D AR
C
OCK DST WOO AD RO
Rootedness and connectivity are essential aspects of human interaction of Universities
primary arterial road
E
TL
LIT
ON
ND
RE
A CL
ET
RE
ST
Primary route structure
ON
GT LIN E
AR
U SQ
O
LT
WA
0
NT
CE
ES
R NC
L WE
The primary arterial, serving as a secondary arterial, connects Woodstock Road and Walton Street, aiming to maximize both qualitative and quantitative pedestrian interconnectivity, ideally serving as the major site connection. WALTON
Scale 1500
0.5km
27
LA
connections The pedestrian walkway is a crucial element in achieving zero net carbon emissions in a planned site. Its interaction with other footpaths enhances the master plan's connectedness, utilizing different urban tissue resources. Approaches are primarily from the institutional sector and the residential-commercial area region to provide users with opportunities for access.
existing street The proposed master plan will be realized by retaining the existing roadway on site, providing a sense of rootedness and visual and physical connections to the site. The existing street will be welcomed by the principal route and defined by the secondary arterial.
neighbourhood context The planned setting is interconnected with each other and has its own relationship of centres of activity, with a distance of 15 minutes walk. The plan layout, on the other hand, is offered in one character of courtyard spatial with the location of entrance point is fronted.
connections and neighbourhood context
Scale 1500 0
0.5km
28
cul-de-sac The goal is to enhance user security by limiting access to residential areas to one in and one out.
Primary road Outside the masterplan design, the primary route linking the main road prioritises pedestrian and bike safety.
Peri centric The route will be adjusted to be the fastest to avoid heavy traffic and to promote the master plan with various routes and angles.
Access and connections to existing streets connections and neighbourhood context
Scale 1500 0
0.5km
Primary Atrterial
Secondary Atrterial
Cul-de-sac
Peri Centric
29
The primary internal street layout or network of mobility.
blocks
residential
mixed-use
commercial
education
office
public space
Scale 1500 0
0.5km
30
Blue / Green infrastructure / Open space network
Green networks
Creative factory renovation
ecological landscape
working + productive landscape
houses and blue/green infrastructures
community open spaces
transitional landscape + Productive landscape
Scale 1500 0
0.5km
31
The River Thames is used for water supply during the dry season, along with waste The rainy season is the time of year when natural precipitation supplies water.
water inlet distribution outer of materplan
Leisure waterway
Storage + Event lawn
Filtering pond
Water buffering space
The term "river revitalization" refers to the process of restoring and improving the health and beauty of a river.
The water activation space is an important place for a variety of activities.
The space designated for water purification.
The phrase "water buffering space" refers to the region that acts as a barrier between water and other
water inlet distribution
water sewerage outlet
Blue / Green infrastructure / Open space network
blue networks
Scale 1500 0
0.5km
32
The built form is a consistent pattern of development. Built form is the three-dimensional arrangement of buildings, blocks, roadways, and spaces that serves as the foundation of design code and varies greatly depending on area type. New urban construction should be designed to complement the current grain pattern in an urban block/area. residential grain involves establishing a suitable connection with the existing street patterns, sizes, and proportions in the local area.
commercial grain Compact, walkable development forms are being promoted to enhance well-being and placemaking.
mixed use grain Memorable characteristics or groupings of buildings, places, uses, or activities that foster inclusion and togetherness.
Location of centers / non-residential blocks and plots
33
low density residential
high density residential
low density commercial
high density commercial
low density office
low density education
land use diagram
34
residential zone
Well-designed houses and structures are functional, accessible, and long-lasting, with interior and exterior areas that promote the health and well-being of their occupants and everyone who visit them.
building line
commercial zone
A compact, walkable community reduces energy consumption, promotes health, and efficiently uses land. It boosts CO2 absorption, preserves ecosystems, minimizes flood risk, and reduces warming and air pollution, thereby promoting adaptation and preserving natural ecosystems.
mixed use zone
Rapid social and economic change, such as long-term expansion or diversification in rural communities or town centres, enables well-designed structures and spaces to support a variety of uses throughout time.
35
residential design
commercial design
mixed use design
the building base The ground floor may be redesigned to enhance its connection with the street, using contrasting materials and incorporating active uses.
windows Window design depends on area character, with city centres allowing fully glazed façades, while others may limit glazing to 35%.
solar panel chimney as a place identity
combination of brick and timber
detailing A region's identity can be distinguished by the use of a specific type of brick, influenced by its color, material quality, and environmental influences.
identity
garden create more harmony in the neighbourhood
36
masterplan
37
urban design framework
38
To provide high-quality, convenient, and useful spaces, well-designed buildings connect with their surrounding exterior spaces, including private and shared areas, and parking. These places are intended to adapt to the local character and, if feasible, should include plants. The size, form, and location of an exterior amenity area may be established by taking into account the building's setting, access to public and open spaces, and the planned use of the space.
solar panel placed Residential structures with varying heights and levels are designed to encourage interaction.
sections scale 1 : 500
The roof garden was installed to improve sustainable practices. The pedestrian is pleased with the completely accessible path with a bicycle lane.
Water features and the water filtration area. Sunken gardens offer a range of feelings and appealing locations.
The water collecting and storage method.
39
al ess. c fo en he ctiv t a o h t f attr c oa o pr rms p a e ial l in t t n a ide ruci s e e r is c Th int po
y ivit , t c e as onn l are c ing rcia rov mme p im co on ces, reas. s offi al a use Foc ween ation bet educ and
lk rom te wa f le u sib -min cture. s e 2 c ac in a stru y e l h i t it as ou s e ces w ure r i n pa ec atio ing s es a s c o l rk ur The lic pa o feat b pu it als and
block scale 1 : 500
e ac l. p s ia lic ruc b u is c p en uses e w et land b n t tio eren c e ff nn o di o e c tw h T nd a
,
in . ly text e re n g f d co n i alk rhoo w o f e o ighb c n e rta he n o t p im n to e Th latio re
40
g n i s
s
n
s k r
e op
ce a sp
u o eh s l ab ent d or tud f Af r s fo
o w t
n
nd a e
e re
ne
g
u bl
scale 1 : 500
41
connected to a strategy to enhance social interaction.
42
A vista is a picturesque view or panorama, commonly seen at mountain peaks or rest stations, that distinguishes between two elements of an environment, such as if an arch is incorporated into a location.
43
The focus is on the intricate details of each structure, rather than the road through it and the end of the view.
44
The approach from the commercial area aims to provide facilities and amenities.
communal area
communal area
communal area
pedestrian The educational area is easily accessible and connected.
scale 1 : 200
45
46
47
48
