Linking human activity and regional culture in the modern city by Toda Hayato

羽根木一丁目

Hayato Toda Studio B + C Project

Linking human activity and regional culture in the modern city −Shimokitazawa (Tokyo, Japan)

Welcome to Shimokitazawa Abstract

Shimokitazawa had functioned as one of the cultural cities in Tokyo. There had been conventional arcades having many subcultural products and activities, in addition,the city had been comprised by human-scale buildings and roads. However, they had been destroyed due to construction of the main road in the area. In this project, I tried designing and analyzing the building and the city which can preserve their cultures and human activities from new perspectives that integrate the developments in current societies. That design generates the way direction to existing buildings ﬂuidly and enables people to remember a sense of the tradition.

Acknowledgement

I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation for Eamonn C. and Youcao R. whose guidance, support and encouragement has been invaluable throughout this project. I would also like to thank my family and friends for supporting me during the course.

20058149 Hayato Toda Tokyo, Japan

Table of contents

Background Information about Japan and Tokyo 3

Japanese geography

The history of developments in Tokyo

Daytime population in Tokyo

Rapid developments in Tokyo in the 20th century

Introduction of Shimokitazawa 5 6 7 8 9

Ground Plan of Shimokitazawa

Narrative

11 12 13-16 17-18 19

20 21 22 23-24

25-26 27-28 29

Prospective Space

Diagram of The Traditional Buildings

Problems of the site / Suggestion

Materials

Brief 3D images

Precedents for the design

Design process

Plan / Section

Townscape of Shimokitazawa

Site Analysis 10

Design Process

Plan 1F

Section

Plan 0F-2F

Plan and Section - Cafe / Shop area

- Live / Concert area

32 33 34-41

Perspectives

Site analysis

Appendix

42-56

Diagram of the design

Reference

57-58

Main Uses of Buildings around The Area Zoning of buildings

Main functions of the design

- Market area - Communication centre area

羽根木一丁目

Japanese geography

Daytime population in Tokyo

15,920,405

Western Tokyo

(Residential area)

Area

2188.67 ㎢

Central Tokyo

(Administrative district)

700,000 500,000 700,000

Shimokitazawa

300,000 500,000 100,000 300,000 0 100,000

Commuter

(Thesis Location)

TOKYO

The land of Japan has been ﬁlled with nature such as mountains

Ome city

Japan has often been damaged by typoons and earthquakes

The history of developments in Tokyo

Tokyo was devatated by the World War Ⅱ

Import of Western technology

1603-1868 Edo period

Isolation from other countries

Meiji period 1868-1912

1923 Kanto Earthquake Tokyo has been frequently damaged by an earthquake

Tokyo Air Raids 1942-45

Kokubunji City (My hometown)

Tokyo Tower

Many modern infrastructures were built to embrace people

1960 Tama New Town

Recidential areas were provided

Tokyo Olympic 1964

2021 Current Tokyo

Many buildings were replaced by modern tall ones

Rapid development in Tokyo in the 20th century Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923

Damage of Tokyo air raid in 1945 Damaged Area

Reconstruction for automobiles

Japan has frequently been threatened by earthquakes

Tokyo Olympics (1964) and new urban infrastructure

Shimokitazawa station

Human-scale places

Waterﬂont area

Construction of grade separated roads (1960s)

Tokyo Monorail

After the war and the earthquake, current urban structure and infrastructure in Tokyo had rapidly been developed for Tokyo Olympic 4

Shimokitazawa (Thesis location) had not been damaged Therefore, the traditional roads and buildings had been remained

代田六丁目

Ground plan of Shimokitazawa (buildings white / space black) Traditional Activities

500m

北沢三丁目

Rapid Developmets

北

Shimokitazawa Summer festival

Relocation of the railways

Street performance

Construction of the wide road

代田五丁目

Secondhand clothes shops

Section 9m 5

Empty shopping mall

Narrative Shimokitazawa, Tokyo When I visited Shimokitazawa for the ﬁrst time, the mixed sounds which are resident s conversation, music played by a band, the announcements and sounds of the railway, and commercial

interactions came into my ear. With regards to the sense of eyesight,

even though most roads were narrow but there were crowded by

many people including the shop assistants who promoted their

products, furthermore, the walls along the alleys were decorated with furniture, secondhand clothes, and accessories.

Shimokitazawa is one of the most popular places in Japan for

secondhand clothes or vintage shops. Thus, people themselves who are fashionable or wearing cutting-edge clothes also have

shaped the particular district and stimulate others sense of fashion. As I had talked with shop assistants, we discussed the attraction of

vintage clothes, which new clothes cannot have. Each cloth has each characteristic and function such as material, history, and its origin

since those were imported by around the world and used by other people who we cannot know. Even if the products are the same,

there is no same cloth in the world by its aging and who had worn

that. I found it interesting that the vintage clothes enable people to connect and pass the history as well as shape the character of the city.

However, as time went by, I have found that these features seem

to have been faded away due to the development. Some narrow

streets and particular shops are already been replaced by aggressive reconstruction.

Townscape of Shimokitazawa

丁目

代沢

代沢五丁目

代沢一丁目

This area is densely ﬁlled with small buildings A

A-A Section A

B-B Section

Diagram of the traditional buidings

HOME

Shutter arts / Graﬃti

(About 10 pm - 9am)

Shutter arts are appeared when shops are closed

SHOP 1F SHOP 0F

Elevation of the buildings and a shutter art

8000

2300

3200

Prospective space

The space which was used as a railway will be ﬁlled with modern buildings with various activities Shop and oﬃce

Rental housing

Apartment for students

Shopping complex Hotel

Kindergarten

Design location Station

Shimokitazawa Station

Station

2250m

Shopping complex

Dwelling with store Complex

Shopping complex

Hotel

Shopping complex

Event space

N Site analysis The shape of the design will follow the existing main axis and alley axes The buildings and open spaces will be provided to connect the design area

Main axis

Artiﬁcial Ground

Alley axes

Planned road

Access from the station

Planned square

Shimokitazawa St.

Pavement

Keio Line

Roadway

Existing building Open space

Main building 11

0m 10m

50m

100m

N Main uses of buildings around the area

The uses of my design buildings are determined by existing uses

Vintage shop

Unused buildings →Redesign

Cafe

Sport centre

Shopping mall

Shimokitazawa St.

Apartment

Keio Line

Service

Theatre

Residential place

Oﬃce

Cafe / Restaurant

Vintage / Antique shop

Shopping mall

Unused

Other shop

Design area

0m 10m

50m

100m

Artificial Ground The shape of the artificial ground is determined by the planned road The artificial ground is designed above the ground

10m

50m

100m

Artiﬁcial Ground

The artiﬁcial ground is divided into some areas by the existing axes The margins incorporate sunlight into the ground ﬂoor

Main axis

Alley axes

Access from the station Planned square

10m

50m

100m

How to connect the area According to the shape of the road, some main buildings and open spaces are designed These stairs, lifts, and bridges can connect both sides of existing buildings with the artiﬁcial ground

Open (Green) space Main building

10m

50m

100m

Uses of each area Functions of each area are determined by the existing uses These functions can enhance the cultural aspect

Vintage shop

Unused buildings →Redesign Live / Concert

Shop / Cafe Cafe

Market

Community Centre Sport centre

Shopping mall

Apartment

10m

50m

100m

Zoning of buildings The buildings are designed while creating open spaces which accomodate multigenerational people and their activities These buildings also oﬀer diﬀerent kinds of places

10m

50m

100m

Zoning of buildings The buildings are designed while creating open spaces which accomodate multigenerational people and their activities These buildings also oﬀer diﬀerent kinds of places

Vintage shop

Unused buildings →Redesign Live / Concert

Shop / Cafe Cafe

Market

Community Centre Sport centre

Shopping mall

Apartment

10m

50m

100m

Inside the market

Shops with shutter arts

Parks connected with the artiﬁcial ground

Music concert while utilising the existing building 40

The market can be seen from the roadway and its atrium lightens there 41

Appendix Background Information about Japan and Tokyo 43 44 45

Japanese historical and administrative districts

Day and night population in Tokyo

Site location and analysis in Tokyo

History of Japan and Tokyo 46

Japanese Industrial Revolution

History of transportation

48 49 50 51 52 53

The birth of city parks

Damage of Tokyo air raid in 1945

Tokyo Olympics and new urban infrastructure

Construction of Tama New Town in 1960s

Development of Tokyo Waterfront City in 1986 Future urban structure in Tokyo

Background Information about Shimokitazawa 54 55 56

History and characters of the city

History of the Space in Shimokitazawa Another example of Shutter arts

Japanese historical and administrative districts

KYOTO Historical district

Population 126 million Area 377,915 km²

Conservation of cultural buildings and cities

1590 Capital

TOKYO (Capital) Administrative district

Composed by tall and modern buildings

Location of Japan The land is surrounded by the sea which divides Japan into four parts

Day and Night population in Tokyo

Night-time population 13,515,271

Tokyo→Other prefecture 500,941

Western Tokyo

Central Tokyo

(Residential area)

(Administrative district)

2770 2251 7619 140961 700,000 500,000 700,000 300,000 500,000 100,000 300,000 0 100,000

Japan 82706

Population 126 million 238,314

Thesis Location

Daytime population 15,920,405

Other prefecture→Tokyo 2,906,056

17,301 13,614 67,282

Tokyo

936,100

Population 13.5 million 716,881

Many workers come to 1,068505

Tokyo from other prefectures

700,000 500,000 700,000 300,000 500,000 100,000 300,000 0 100,000

Commuters

Japanese Industrial Revolution

Kanto area

Tomioka Silk Mill in Gunma Prefecture in 1872

First Domestic Industrial Exposition in 1877

Tokyo

Yokohama

Start of Japan s ﬁrst rail service in 1872. Children learn at a terakoya 1844‒48

The emergence of Western architecture

New technologies were come from European countries

Townscape of Ginza Bricktown 1888

Mitsubishi Ichigokan 1894

Bank of Japan Head Oﬃce 1914

History of transportation

Steam locomotives, followed by electric powered trains in 1904 Streetcars running down Marunouchi in 1911

Changes of the railway and road network

1880s Changes in the railway network in the Meiji era 47

1900s

Railways

Streetcar

1911 Changes in the streetcar network in the Meiji era

1916

The birth of city parks City parks have played important roles to protect people from natural disasters

Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923

The Greenbelt Concept in 1939 Ueno Park in 1876

Hibiya Park in 1903

Kinuta Park in 1957

National Industrial Exhibition in Ueno Park in 1877 Parks and green spaces under the Tokyo Special City Plan in 1950 48

Koganei Park in 1954

Damage of Tokyo air raid in 1945 Reconstruction of the areas damaged by the war

Reconstruction for the age of automobiles

Shimokitazawa station

Shimokitazawa (Thesis location) had not been damaged 49

Human-scale places had been remained

Tokyo Olympics and new urban infrastructure

Hikari No. 1 Shinkansen (1964)

Construction of grade separated roads (1960s)

Tokyo Monorail

Popularity of owned cars (early 1960s)

The Olympic venues and development of urban infrastructure National Stadium (1964)

Construction of Tama New Town 1960s Residensial areas were constructed after the war Western Tokyo

Central Tokyo

(Residential area)

(Administrative district)

Tama New Town

Location of Tama New Town Developed based on Clarence A. Perry s neighborhood unit theory

Late 60s to early 70s

Circa 1969

Circa 1971

Shinjuku area development process Development of Tokyo Waterfront City in 1986

1962

1973

Daiba district

Reclamation land for extending the central area

1984

Rainbow Bridge

TV Station

2005

Future urban structure in Tokyo

City structure for exchange, cooperation, and taking on challenges

Image of compact city structure

Rebuild communities and green spaces

Four regional spheres and two zones

Aim to become a city selected by people around the world

Creatre various types of hubs with distinctive features

Shimokitazawa (Tokyo) History and characters of the city

Writer

Theatre

Record

Music activity

Secondhand cloth

Shopping arcade attached to the station

Narrow roads had encouraged human interaction

There had been functioned as human scale places

These areas had been ﬁlled with subcultural shops

History of the Space in Shimokitazawa

Railway (Odakyu Line) 1927-2013

Development of the space 2019-

The railway had connected the places with nostagic scenes

Shimokitazawa Station 2019.3-

Relocation of the railway 2013-

The place has become empty Shimokitazawa has been divided into two parts by this space ？ × Bonus track 2020.4-

New buildings

× Railway 55

Empty space Wide road

Event space 2019.9-

Another example of Shutter arts

Asakusa, Tokyo

There are similar examples of shutter arts in Asakusa where is a traditional area in Tokyo

Night time

Day time

This place accomodates many people including tourists

Kaminarimon Gate

Nakamise

Shutter arts in Asakusa

Reference

ArchDaily Perú. 2021. Galería de Abismo arquitectónico en las ilustraciones de Cinta Vidal - 13. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.pe/pe/782597/ilustraciones-cinta-vidal/56ccc1ace58ecefa910002e5-ilustraciones-cinta-vidal-imagen?next_project=no> [Accessed 20 June 2021]. BONUS TRACK. 2021. BONUS TRACK. [online] Available at: <https://bonus-track.net> [Accessed 25 March 2021].

Corporation), N., 2021. 特集古地図で見る東京大空襲｜NHK 戦争証言アーカイブス. [online] NHK戦争証言アーカイブス. Available at: <https://www.nhk.or.jp/archives/shogenarchives/special/tokyodaikushu/> [Accessed 25 March 2021]. F&Iクリエイト. 2019. 京都観光、人多すぎて困る、という人向けの記事を書いてみる。¦ ブログ ¦デザイン会社 F&Iクリエイト. [online] Available at: <https://www.atsdesign.jp/blog/kyoto> [Accessed 6 February 2021]. kanagawa ARTS PRESS. 2019. Creative Neighborhoods 街と住まい「西区の木造密集市街地」.[online] Available at: <https://www.artspress.jp/posts/4845311/> [Accessed 20 June 2021]. LIVE JAPAN. 2020. Model Itinerary: Tour Tokyo's Historic Asakusa Neighborhood in a Day ¦ LIVE JAPAN travel guide. [online] Available at: <https://livejapan.com/en/in-tokyo/in-pref-tokyo/in-asakusa/article-a0004437/> [Accessed 10 March 2021]. Living Walls UK. 2021. Scotscape Living Walls available on NBS BIM Library. [online] Available at: <https://www.scotscape.co.uk/news/living-walls-available-on-nbs-bim-library> [Accessed 20 June 2021]. Ltd., P., 2021. Ariake, Shinonome, Daiba Area - PLAZA HOMES. [online] PLAZA HOMES. Available at: <https://www.realestate-tokyo.com/area-guide/bay-area/ariake-shinonome-daiba/> [Accessed 25 May 2021]. MALLAS METALICAS S.R.L. 2021. [online] Available at: <http://www.mallasmetalicas.uy/#!/-bienvenido/> [Accessed 15 June 2021]. Metro.tokyo.lg.jp. 2021. Population of Tokyo - Tokyo Metropolitan Government. [online] Available at: <https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/HISTORY/history03.htm> [Accessed 2 February 2021]. nippon.com. 2019. Japan s Industrial Revolution. [online] Available at: <https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-topics/b06904/japan s-industrial-revolution.html> [Accessed 28 February 2021]. nippon.com. 2018. Westward Expansion of Tokyo Population Set to Reverse. [online] Available at: <https://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00276/> [Accessed 7 February 2021]. Odakyu.jp. 2019. 下北沢エリアにおける線路跡地のまちづくり概要が決定!. [online] Available at: <https://www.odakyu.jp/news/o5oaa1000001med9-att/o5oaa1000001medg.pdf> [Accessed 23 March 2021]. Perfomallas. 2021. Perfomallas. [online] Available at: <https://perfomallas.com> [Accessed 10 June 2021]. Pinterest. 2021. 32 idées de Terrasse en bois ¦ terrasse, terrasse bois, deco terrasse. [online] Available at: <https://www.pinterest.fr/lesitedecocool/terrasse-en-bois/> [Accessed 10 June 2021]. Reddit.com. 2015. [online] Available at: <https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/3mw4tm/population_of_tokyo_municipalities_as_a_of_tokyo/> [Accessed 5 February 2021]. Satakeshotengai.com. 2021. 本に書かれた佐竹の話. [online] Available at: <http://www.satakeshotengai.com/rekishi.htm> [Accessed 2 February 2021]. Tamagazou.machinami.net. 2007. 下北沢. [online] Available at: <http://tamagazou.machinami.net/shimokitazawa.htm> [Accessed 22 February 2021].

Tokyo-sensai.net. 2021. 東京大空襲とは ‒ 東京大空襲・戦災資料センター. [online] Available at: <https://tokyo-sensai.net/about/tokyoraids/> [Accessed 23 February 2021]. Toshiseibi.metro.tokyo.lg.jp. 2019. 東京の都市づくりのあゆみ ¦ 東京都都市整備局. [online] Available at: <https://www.toshiseibi.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/keikaku_chousa_singikai/ayumi.html> [Accessed 5 March 2021]. Von.mydns.jp. 2013. D90が観た画像. [online] Available at: <http://www.von.mydns.jp/nikon-D90/13004/13004.htm> [Accessed 12 March 2021]. Water Shapes. 2021. Greenscreen's Plantable Mesh Columns - Water Shapes. [online] Available at: <https://watershapes.com/greenscreen-s-plantable-mesh-columns/> [Accessed 20 June 2021]. Yamaguchi, M., 2018. とにかく人混みが苦手ならスマホで街の混雑を避ける方法 ¦ 文春オンライン. [online] 文春オンライン. Available at: <https://bunshun.jp/articles/-/6550> [Accessed 12 March 2021]. イスナデザイン. 2021. イスナデザイン. [online] Available at: <http://isnadesign.com/work/83> [Accessed 20 June 2021]. 近畿日本ツーリスト. 2021. 個性的なお店がひしめく下北沢を観光（中部発）.[online] Available at: <https://www.knt.co.jp/meito/sp/shimokitazawa/?ar=chubu> [Accessed 29 February 2021]. ココナラ. 2021. CGとPhotoshopで手書き風パース描きます硬い印象の建築説明にやさしさを！¦ 建築・インテリア・図面デザイン ¦ ココナラ. [online] Available at: <https://coconala.com/services/1429364> [Accessed 20 June 2021]. 幻冬舎ゴールドオンライン. 2020. 世界2位になっていた…！再開発進む「下北沢」街はどうなる？ ¦ 富裕層向け資産防衛メディア ¦ 幻冬舎ゴールドオンライン. [online] Available at: <https://gentosha-go.com/articles/-/27522> [Accessed 22 February 2021]. 写真撮っけど，さすけねがい？. 2009. 下北沢駅前食品市場と鈴なり横丁 - 写真撮っけど，さすけねがい？. [online] Available at: <https://mikkagashi.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2009/05/post-bb1f.html> [Accessed 24 February 2021]. 住まいのお役立ち情報【LIFULL HOME'S】.2021.【ホームズ】【下北沢】サブカルチャーの聖地「下北沢」。みんなが憧れる街をレポート！¦ 住まいのお役立ち情報. [online] Available at: <https://www.homes.co.jp/cont/town/town_00055/> [Accessed 24 February 2021]. 東洋経済オンライン. 2020. 止まらない｢東京一極集中｣に見る強烈リスク ¦ コロナショックの大波紋. [online] Available at: <https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/345088> [Accessed 21 February 2021]. 日経クロステック（xTECH）.2021. 求む！脱「1 住宅=1 家族」の地域社会づくり. [online] Available at: <https://xtech.nikkei.com/atcl/nxt/column/18/00154/00039/> [Accessed 22 June 2021]. 日本経済新聞. 2019. 小田急・京王・世田谷区、連携し下北沢駅周辺を再開発. [online] Available at: <https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO50147460U9A920C1L83000> [Accessed 23 February 2021]. ハフポスト. 2015. 東京大空襲から70年焼け野原だった場所は今、こうなっている【画像】. [online] Available at: <https://www.huﬃngtonpost.jp/2015/03/12/tokyo-ﬁrebombing-70th-gifanimation_n_6854922.html> [Accessed 5 February 2021]. プレスリリース・ニュースリリース配信シェアNo.1｜PR TIMES. 2018. 井の頭線下北沢駅に改札口（京王中央口）を新設します. [online] Available at: <https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000260.000022856.html> [Accessed 23 February 2021]. ほんじょーの鉄活動記録. 2018.【小田急】下北沢の駅舎が変わりすぎてる話【京王】: ほんじょーの鉄活動記録. [online] Available at: <http://honjo2019.blog.jp/archives/16521733.html> [Accessed 21 March 2021].