Bechuanaland Police, Cape Police and

BECHUANALAND POLICE; CAPE POLICE and SA POLICE 1904 – 1935: Policing the Northwest and the Kalahari

Dr HA Abbott

Adolphus Cookney Mander (ACM) posing with a camel in front of the Rietfontein (Mier) Police Station

This Special Edition of the Nongqai is based on the scanned but unpublished photo albums from two sources namely an album of Adolphus Cookney Mander (b. 1871 - d 1933) and an album of Lt. Col. W.H.C. Taylor that covers a series of inspection tours from Vryburg to the Kalahari from 1933 to 1935

Album of AC Mander

A scanned version of the Mander album was mailed to me by Brian Cooper in 2006. Information about the life of AC Mander were onbtained from this link: https://www.geni.com/people/ AdolphusMander/6000000096980330293 Entry in Charterhouse School, Godalming, Surrey, Register:Mander, Adolphus Cookney. b. 13 Oct., 1871. (Girdlestoneites); Left L.Q., 1888: - Joined Bechuanaland Police, 1892; transferred to Cape Police; served in Matabele War, 1896-'97 ; in South African War, 1899-1902. A. C. Mander, Esq., 21, Carlton Road, Putney, S.W. The OC co-ordinator at the school has been very quick and helpful. Adolphus was in a house called Girdlestoneites, also known as Duckites and represented by a small "g" in school literature. Adolphus Cookney Mander entered Duckites in OQ1887 aged

16 and was at Charterhouse for just one academic year until CQ1888 - thus there is little known about his time in school nor why he left. (His older brothers entered School aged 14 and 13 respectively, so perhaps Adolphus had been schooled elsewhere). He appeared in the London Gazette of May 13, 1890 aged 18: as "Gent", to be Second Lieutenant, 3rd Battalion, the Leicestershire Regiment. Charterhouse Register shows that he joined the Bechuanaland Police in 1892; transferred to Cape Mounted Police; served in Matabele War; South African War and in WWI was *Inspector, (should read Captain) SW African Expeditionary Forces. Adolphus was the third of six Carthusian brothers (Attended Charterhouse school comment H.A. Abbott): Charles (g1886), D'Arcy (g1887), Frederick (g1891), James (g1892) & Reginald (g1898). Then 4 nephews followed: Henry (g1923), Frederick (G1923) & Michael (L1933) all sons of Frederick above. Also D'Arcy (g1927) son of the same name above (D'Arcy Mander was awarded the DSO in 1944 for espionage work in Rome and later wrote a book about his exploits "Mander's March on Rome") Very best wishes, William Hale. Ref: Charterhouse school.

Background report on ACM

1888 Attended Cowley Military College. 1890.05.05 "Joined 3rd Battalion, the Leicestershire Regiment Adolphus Cookney Mander, Gent. to be Second Lieutenant. "ref London Gazette i.e. The 3rd (Militia) Battalion (formerly the Leicestershire Militia). The regimental depot was at Glen Parva. 1890.05.05: Appointed 2nd Lieutenant. 1891.10.This Special Edition of the Nongqai is based on the scanned but unpublished photo albums from two sources namely an album of Adolphus Cookney Mander (b. 1871 - d 1933) and an album of Lt. Col. W.H.C. Taylor that covers a series of inspection tours from Vryburg to the Kalahari from 1933 to 1935.

Album of AC Mander

A scanned version of the Mander album was mailed to me by Brian Cooper in 2006. Information about the life of AC Mander were onbtained from this link: https://www.geni.com/people/ AdolphusMander/6000000096980330293 Entry in Charterhouse School, Godalming, Surrey, Register:Mander, Adolphus Cookney. b. 13 Oct., 1871. (Girdlestoneites); Left L.Q., 1888: - Joined Bechuanaland Police, 1892; transferred to Cape Police; served in Matabele War, 1896-'97 ; in South African War, 1899-1902. A. C. Mander, Esq., 21, Carlton Road, Putney, S.W. The OC co-ordinator at the school has been very quick and helpful. Adolphus was in a house called Girdlestoneites, also known as Duckites and represented by a small "g" in school literature. Adolphus Cookney Mander entered Duckites in OQ1887 aged 16 and was at Charterhouse for just one academic year until CQ1888 - thus there is little known about his time in school nor why he left. (His older brothers entered School aged 14 and 13 respectively, so perhaps Adolphus had been schooled elsewhere) He appeared in the London Gazette of May 13, 1890 aged 18: as "Gent", to be Second Lieutenant, 3rd Battalion, the Leicestershire Regiment. Charterhouse Register shows that he joined the Bechuanaland Police in 1892; transferred to Cape Mounted Police; served in Matabele War; South African War and in WWI was *Inspector, (should read Captain) SW African Expeditionary Forces. Adolphus was the third of six Carthusian brothers (Attended Charterhouse school comment H.A. Abbott): Charles (g1886), D'Arcy (g1887), Frederick (g1891), James (g1892) & Reginald (g1898). Then 4 nephews followed: Henry (g1923), Frederick (G1923) & Michael (L1933) all sons of Frederick above. Also D'Arcy (g1927) son of the same name above (D'Arcy Mander was awarded the DSO in 1944 for espionage work in Rome and later wrote a book about his exploits "Mander's March on Rome") Very best wishes, William Hale. Ref:Charterhouse school.

Background report on ACM

1888 Attended Cowley Military College. 1890 05.05 "Joined 3rd Battalion, the Leicestershire Regiment Adolphus Cookney Mander, Gent. to be Second Lieutenant. "ref London Gazette i.e. The 3rd (Militia) Battalion (formerly the Leicestershire Militia). The regimental depot was at Glen Parva. 1890.05.05: Appointed 2nd Lieutenant. 1891.23.10: Made up to Lieutenant in 3rd Battalion Militia. 1893.27.04 enlisted in the Bechuanaland Border Police (BBP) as a Private at Mafeking, & took part in the Matabele War . 1893?10.11: Battle on the Shangani River in Matabeleland. Awarded Medal.

1894?01: Letter to CJ Mander; King Lobengula of Matabeleland died on January 23, 1894. 1895: Transferred to Cape Mounted Police stationed in Griqualand West 1899. Initiated in Claremont Masonic Lodge No. 1861, Croydon, 15th August 1899. Passed, 21st September 1899, Raised, 26th November 1917. Resigned. 1899.12.09: Boer War Starts. He was with the field force attached to the Royal Scots Greys. 1899.10.14.: The Siege of Kimberley involving CMP along with others started. 1899.11.25 - 29: Cape Police & Kimberly Light Horse injured in the direction of Lazaretto & Otto's Kopje. 26.01.1900 - 15.02.1900: The Siege of Kimberley finished CMP & others meet General French's relief column. 1900.04.17: The Siege of Mafeking Finished two detachments of CMP were part of the defence force. 1900.10.06: Made Corporal. 1900.10.12: Made SubInspector. 1902.04.31: Boer War Won awarded King & Queens Medal . 1904 - 1905: Acting Inspector in Douglas, then Cape Town, South Africa. 1905: Magistrate of Douglas as Inspector of Police. 1906: Went on six months sick leave. Last pay chit for CMP. 1907.20.09: Marengo killed at the Battle of Eenzaamheid. 1908: Financial reward for extraordinary service Cape Town. 1909.23.01: Agreement to awarded Kaiser's South African Medal with Clasp "Kalahari " for his part in the Marengo exp. In charge of No 2 Troop along with other participants. 1909: Applied for leave. 1910.31.03: Union of S A formed. Draft Police Bill and regulations were drawn up for the Union. 1913.01.04: Made Inspector South African Police District Commandant the 9th District De Aar. April 1913, the CMR were incorporated into the new Union Defence Forces as the 1st South African Mounted Riflemen. In World War I they fought in the German South-West Africa campaign (1914-1915). 1913.06.12: Start of training course- Depot ? 1914.06.03: End of training course- Depot ? 1914.01.04: District Commander No 9 District Calvinia. Served on general staff under General Van der Venter for the German colony of South West Africa (now called Namibia). Expeditionary force during WW1, it was the first German possession to fall to the Western allies. 1914.10.06 Married Kate Palmer 1915 an interim South African military administration was installed in Windhoek. 1915.03.03: George, eldest son born in Calvinia. 1916.01.11: Made District Commandant No 8 District Malmesbury. 1917.13.09: Thursa, Only daughter born in Malmesbury 1919.12.00: Rex born on Malmesbury. 1920.02.25: Appointed District Commandant, De Aar. 1920.02.03 Assumed command of above. 1921: Board of Control Police Statistics and reports, De Aar, District No 8, Inspector Mander. 1921.03.05: AC Mander & KD Mander & George & Thursa went to England after coming into his inheritance. 1923.18.02 Frederick, youngest son, born in Pezullar, De Aar. 1924.11.06 Retired in De Aar due to ill health, occasioned by malaria, pension back dated to 29.04.1924. 1926 - 1928 ACM drove alone from De Aar to the Eastern Transvaal, (more than 1000 KM today, on modern roads) to visit his youngest brother Reggie who was having difficulty (both economically and matrimonially) farming citrus. GC Mander was at St Andrews Prep. RGM was invited to go but declined, which he very much regretted later. 1929: AC Mander went to England with KD Mander to seek medical advice on Kate’s health. He was assisted in this by his brother-in-law, Clara's husband, Dr Joseph Ernest (Billy) Passmore 1929.01.08: Kate died, buried in De Aar. He then moved to a ground floor flat in 1 Beach Road, Humewood, Port Elizabeth. He eventually took up residence in Redhouse, Port Elizabeth. 1933.04.04 Died at Stoneham nursing home, buried in South End Cemetery. Probate Mander Adolphus Cookney of Redhouse

Port Elizabeth Cape Province South Africa 30 May 1933. Administration (Will) (London) 1 February to James Curzon & Frederick William Mander attorneys of Sedwick Bolton Effects £,1850 in England Some time in his career he was made Captain during WW1. More About ADOLPHUS COOKNEY MANDER: Burial: 1933, South End Cemetery, Port Elizabeth Christening: St Marys Balham Education: Charterhouse & Cowley Military College Military service: 1892, Joined Bechuanaland Police then transferred to Cape Mounted Police. Fought in the Matabele War and in South African War: Inspector in SW Africa Expeditionary Forces in WWI. Nickname: Arthur Charles, which according to Brian Cooper he always used except in very formal papers where he had to use his real name. Probate: 1933, Effects £1850 in England Residence: Pezullar, De Aar, South Africa.

Above: Drostdy at Grahamstown. Parade in Grahamstown may have been during Matabele War

Comment by Dr Abbott: “The Mansion below near Grahamstown in which they later lived may have belonged to his father-in-law Mr Palmer, but I am guessing”. Imagine moving from this stately home to “Dad’s Home in the Kalahari”

The stately home probably belonged to Grandfather Palmer, the Father-in-law of ACM

Above: 1904 - 1905: Acting Inspector in Douglas and later also Magistrate of Douglas as Inspector of Police Below: Relaxation: Fishing along the Vaal river. There would be none of this in the Kalahari!

Above: A festive occasion: Possibly Welcoming committee for a new Pastor or “Dominee” Right: Griquatown Cricket Team, all Civil Service

Above: The Pont at Douglas Right: Shooting Rinderpest infected cattle. He appears to have been shooting at a drum or tin of petrol to ignite it.

Rinderpest (Cattle plague) Although rinderpest periodically invaded Egypt in the past, the disease was not known in southern Africa before 1896. The infection was apparently introduced from Arabia or India along the East Coast of Africa in 1889. It was carried southward along the Nile in 1890 by the invading Italian army and reached Masai and Uganda by the end of 1890. It reached the north of Lake Nyasa about July, 1892. Along its southward course, it not only destroyed 90% of domestic bovines, but also many of the indigenous antelopes. Early in February 1896, It was reported that large numbers of cattle and game were dying from an obscure disease along both sides of the Zambesi River. The disease reached Bulawayo on 3 March 1896 and the Veterinary Gray diagnosed rinderpest. The plague was rapidly conveyed southwards by means of transport oxen. A month later, rinderpest reached Mafeking, 500 miles south of Bulawayo and crossed the Limpopo into the Transvaal where the cattle population was rapidly decimated. When rinderpest reached Mafeking, the Government of the Cape of Good Hope tried to contain the infection to prevent it from spreading to the South. Herds of cattle were shot and two lines of fences were erected south of Mafeking. Members of the Cape Mounted Police were deployed at various points to prevent movements of cattle to parts south of the line. But, in spite of all the strenuous measures, the disease had reached Vryburg in May; Herbert, Hay and Barkly West in September; and Kimberley by October 1896. In a determined attempt to stop the southward spread of rinderpest was made by erecting a thousand mile long barbed-wire fence along the northern boundaries of the Cape Colony, 1,000 yards south of the Orange River. The fence stretched all the way from the south-western corner of Bechuanaland to Basutoland; then continued along the CapeBasutoland and Cape-Natal boundaries up to the coast. Police patrols all along the fence controlled all movement across this fence. For a time the fence and Police control appeared to contain the spread of the disease , but on March 24th, 1897. The source of this outbreak was ultimately traced to the “Touleier” of a span of oxen, which had picked up a sack containing, amongst other things, dried meat and a pair of blood-stained trousers near Aliwal North. The man put on the trousers, and a few days afterwards the leading oxen started to show symptoms of rinderpest. The authorities quickly realised that the fence and Police cordon had not prevented the spread of the disease and adopted an immunization scheme developed by Robert Koch (1897). Koch had been investigating rinderpest at Kimberley for the Cape Government. He confirmed the immunizing properties claimed by cattle farmers for the bile of animals that had died of rinderpest. This method of immunization was adopted all over the country in February 1897, and before the end of 1898 more than two million head of cattle had been successfully inoculated. At the end of 1898 rinderpest was under control and had effectively disappeared from South Africa. The last reported outbreak occurred on the Transvaal-Bechuanaland border in August, 1899. (Hutcheon, 1897, 1899, 1900). The Rinderpest epidemic destroyed 90% of domestic bovines, but also considerable numbers of indigenous antelopes. It was estimated that more than two-and-a-half million head of cattle died of rinderpest in South Africa alone. Rinderpest is now considered to be extinct, and only a few viable cultures are kept in secure containment laboratories. Foot and Mouth Disease (Beken-klouseer)

SHORT HISTORY OF FOOTAND- MOUTH DISEASE (FMD) IN SOUTH AFRICA

https://www.nda.agric.za/docs/ GenPub/fmdreport.htm#1.1 Hutcheon made the first official record of foot-and-mouth disease (`klouwsiekte' or also known then as tongue or hoof sickness) in South Africa in 1892, when an outbreak occurred in Griqualand West¹ . The scourge was, however well known to several farmers and, according to information obtained from other older inhabitants, it had been prevalent in South Africa for many years before this outbreak was reported. In the two following years mild epizootics occurred in different parts of the country, but the disease never assumed serious proportions, and no further outbreaks were reported after 1895. ¹ In April 1903 foot-and-mouth disease reappeared in South Africa. This was caused by shipments of cattle from Argentine to the Cape Peninsula. Fortunately the disease was confined to two places only, namely a farm where the imported cattle were kept and a local dairy that harboured a runaway heifer from the Argentine shipment. Both areas were immediately placed under strict quarantine and premises were thoroughly disinfected. At the end of July the

same year, there was no further evidence of the disease, and the quarantine restrictions were raised.¹ After the Rinderpest pandemic, foot-and-mouth disease disappeared from the region until April 1931, when it occurred in Zimbabwe. The reappearance of the disease was a source of great consternation at the time as the ability of buffalo to provide a reservoir of infection was unknown and many people believed that the infection had been reintroduced by imported animals or animal products, although no evidence for this could be found. ¹ In South Africa only the SAT1, 2 & 3 serotypes have ever been diagnosed prior to the introduction of Type O in September 2000 (KwaZulu-Natal). Foot-and-mouth disease has occurred regularly in most southern African countries since 1931, during which, time and cost of control has undoubtedly eclipsed that of other viral diseases. The last outbreak of FMD, prior to 2000, in the free zone was in 1957 and the last outbreak in domestic animals within the FMD control zone adjacent to the KNP, was in 1983. Although Foot and Mouth Disease is not nearly as destructive as Rinderpest, there is strict international control and even a small outbreak outside the controlled endemic zone, can lead to banning of our meat products internationally for a year or more, thus having serious economic consequences. Horse sickness or African horse sickness:

http:// www.africanhorsesickness.co. za/Documents/doc_31.pdf

The African horse sickness (AHS) virus is endemic to, and believed to have originated in Africa. It was first recorded in 1569 in East Africa. Zebras and other endemic equines have adapted to the disease and are less severely affected. The first reference to AHS in South Africa was first made about fifty years after the introduction of horses and donkeys to the Cape of Good Hope in 1657. A major outbreak occurred in 1719 when almost 1700 animals were reported to have succumbed to the dreaded “perreziekte” or “paardenziekte”. Periodic outbreaks have occurred at roughly 20–30 year intervals. The 1854–1855 outbreak in South Africa claimed the lives of nearly 70,000 horses, roughly 40% of the entire horse population of the Cape at the time. The economic impact of the disease has directly and significantly influenced the progress and development of the field of veterinary science in South Africa. AHS continues to occur regularly in southern African countries, but the virus has also occasionally extended further afield to countries in North Africa, the Middle East, the Arabian peninsula, South-West Asia and the Mediterranean region. The severe epizootic in the Middle East and South West Asia between 1959 and 1963 killed more than 300,000 equines and was finally only arrested as a result of a concerted vaccination campaign and the widespread depletion of susceptible animals. AHS-free countries with milder climate conditions at present, risk increased outbreaks of the disease due to the northward migration of the midge vector as a result of global warming and climate change. African Horse Sickness Virus Piet A. van Rijn, in Reference Module in Life Sciences, 2019

POLICE: EXTRANEOUS DUTIES

Apart from Rinderpest, Foot and Mouth Disease and Horse sickness, Police have also been, Locust control officials and preformed various duties for other state departments.

Left: Target practice

Rinderpest Camp—Vaal River Cape Mounted Police: Griquatown: Officers, NCO;s and men

Above: C.M.P. Parade (Inspection) Griquatown. More than a World away from Grahamstown Below: C.M.P. Wedding, Griquatown. Building on the right appears to be the Mary Moffatt Museum. Rinderpest or no rinderpest, life must go on!

Above: C.M.P. Douglass Police Station Below: High Street Douglass

Above: CMP Camp Douglas Below: CMP Tennis Courts Griquatown

Helio Kahanes Drift

The Heliograph was the Mobileor Cell-phone of its day. The sun was already used by the Greek civilization, who used a polished shield or other metal object to flash messages between a command post and a remote observer, mostly for military purposes. This was line-ofsight communication, and only possible while the sun was up. Between two high points such as mountain tops, or trees a distance of about 75 kilometres was possible. There was however, a major shortcoming to this method of communication: it was only possible to communicate prearranged messages. When something unexpected happened, there was no way to communicate this. Lets say the following code was pre-agreed upon: 1 flash = the enemy is coming; 2 flashes = they have not yet come; and 3 flashes = run for your lives. You are told to go to a high hill overlooking the harbour and remain there on pain of death. “Never abandon your post, or I will personally come and kill you”, the high General had said, and you could see he meant it too. You wait on you assigned mountain top for three days, waiting for the enemy to arrive. All of a sudden you see that all the enemy ships have floundered and they have all drowned. However, there is no way that you can possibly communicate this by using any of the three agreed upon signals. You were told not to leave your post, and the General certainly looked as if he meant it. So what do you do? You can try to send a crazy, impossible combination of signals and hope they send some-one to investigate. The invention of the Morse code by Samuel Morse in c1830 changed all this and meant that you could send any message or combination of messages, even very involved ones. By the time of the Anglo Boer War, the telegraph using wires, and the heliograph where it was not possible to lay wires, had developed into a very capable form of communication or communication machine. You only needed a base station equipped with a Heliograph and a trained operator, and could then send someone to any remote spot within view, to achieve instant communication of a high order. Of course your operating hours were limited to daylight hours, but by the use of gas-powered or electrical lamps even this shortcoming could be circumvented. The first telegraph cable between Upington and Rietfontein was only installed towards the end of 1909. Before this all remote communication required either a messenger or a Heliograph. Even after that date, to at least the end of the 1914 war, the Heliograph was your only communication in areas without telegraph lines. In Upington the Helio-station was on the high hill across from today’s Motor vehicle and testing centre. The Mander album shows several photos of permanent and temporary Helio-stations. The one labelled “Our Happy Home!” really made me laugh. I can hardly think of a less appealing situation. On the other hand, it is perhaps a “Hotel” compared to a exposed position on the top of a dune, as in some of the other photos.

Above: Cape Mounted Police Helio operator on a sand dune Below: Cape Mounted Police Helio operator at Rietfontein

His Medals

Cape Mounted Police: Mafeking

Pioneer building in the Kalahari

Early buildings in the Kalahari

Comment by HBH

Mr Lawrence Green wrote many years ago: “I came across an old official report recently about the men of the camel patrol. "The men quartered at Rietfontein and Witdraai are almost as inured to hardships and thirst as the Hottentots themselves," said the report. "Their duties have been well and cheerfully performed." And here is one unrecorded fragment which would never find its way into an official report. One of the old camel troopers told me that he was riding alone between the dunes forty years ago in an area beyond the last farms—a stretch of Kalahari where he might easily have left the first footprints. There in that wilderness his alert eye discovered two London tram-tickets. One had been punched at Petticoat Lane, the other at Pall Mall. The problem is still puzzling him. [TO THE RIVER’S END – LAURENCE GREEN:

HOOFSTUK 6 – FRONTIER POLICE]”

Auachap Copper Mine

Above: Most probably a Camel Wagon Below: The desolate Kalahari landscape

Jacob Morenga

Cape Mounted Police: Helio Station: Rietfontein

This photo was taken from a Nongqai dated 1918. Maj. Donald appears in this photo.

1907—1908 Medals awarded & Names of those who took part in the Marengo Affair

I found the above list in my archive—particulars of the compiler is unknown. If the author could contact me, I would be glad to credit him in this magazine—HBH.

Source: Scrapbook: HBH. Original Source: Artist unknown

Jacob Morenga, also Jakob, Jacobus, Marengo, and Marenga, known as the "black Napoleon", (1875 – 20 September 1907) was an important figure in Namibia, then the German colony of German South West Africa. He was chief leader in the insurrection against the German Empire which took place between 1904 and 1908, and was best known for forging an alliance between the rival Herero and Namaqua tribes. Morenga/Marengo was born to a Herero mother and Nama father and was educated by Christian missionaries and worked as a mineworker in South Africa. Before the Herero and Namaqua War of 1904–1907, Morenga had participated in smaller, more localized insurrections which were taking place across German South West Africa. Through these, Morenga (Morenga means Kings in Otjiherero) proved himself to be an able tactician. However, it was through his three years of leadership of the anti-German guerrilla forces that Morenga gained the majority of his reputation. It often proved difficult for Morenga to maintain proper control of his armies, as their preferred methods of attack differed fundamentally. The Herero sought direct and open combat with German forces, while the Namaqua preferred more guerrilla-like tactics. The group under Morenga planned their attacks from the hidden fortress of ǁKhauxaǃnas in southern Namibia. The diverse methods of attack used by Morenga's forces were enough to force a special election in the German Reichstag, due to the relatively heavy losses suffered by German troops. After more than 50 battles against German troops, Morenga was captured and imprisoned by South African police. However, he was released a short time later under the condition that he never return to German South West Africa again. Despite this, he again ventured into German South West Africa by crossing the Orange River. He soon began the task of assembling an army of native peoples to once again attack German troops. He gathered together the nowdispersed tribes of the Herero, Namaqua, and Witboois, leading them into battle against the German occupation. Morenga gained a reputation within the German army as a strategic genius and a noble fighter, earning him his nickname, "the Black Napoleon". In May 1906, after the climactic Battle of Rooysvlei, Morenga was again forced to leave German South West Africa, fleeing to South Africa. He retreated to the Kalahari desert, where he planned further insurrections against German troops. However, Morenga was traced through cooperation between German troops and South African police, and was eventually shot and killed in a battle between his forces and the combined German-South African forces on 20 September 1907 at Eenzaamheid.

Uwe Timm's 1973 novel Morenga revolves around Marenga's insurrection.

Recognition

Jacob Morenga is one of nine national heroes of Namibia that were identified at the inauguration of the country's Heroes' Acre near Windhoek. Founding president Sam Nujoma remarked in his inauguration speech on 26 August 2002 that: “Born of a Herero mother and a Nama father, Marenga had a vision of broad African nationalism which transcended narrow ethnic loyalties and he was therefore designated as 'the man of the future'. He employed scientific guerilla tactics with the multi-ethnic troops under his command and engaged the German colonial army in more than fifty battles. [...] To his revolutionary spirit and his visionary memory we humbly offer our honour and respect”. Morenga is honoured in form of a granite tombstone with his name engraved and his portrait plastered onto the slab.A statue of Morenga is situated at the cemetery of Warmbad in the far South of Namibia. Jakob Marengo Secondary School and Tutorial College in Windhoek's Khomasdal suburb is named after him.

References

• Kenyon, Jack (July 1, 2014). "The Legacy of Jacob Morenga". The Namibian. Retrieved 1 July 2014. • Dierks, Klaus. "Chapter 2:

The Rediscovery of ǁKhauxaǃnas". ǁKhauxaǃnas . Retrieved 30 Sep 2010. • Nujoma, Sam (26 August 2002). "Heroes' Acre Namibia Opening Ceremony inaugural speech". via namibia-1on1.com. • Froehling, Marc (November 2012). "Warmbad: (Noch)

Abseits der Touristenrouten" [Warmbad: (Yet)

Beyond the Beaten

Track]. Allgemeine

Zeitung (in German). 2012 (10). Tourismus

Namibia. • Kisting, Denver (2 April 2015). "Jakob Marengo

School Turns 30". The Namibian. p. 7. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Jacob_Morenga — 06-03-2021].