allegations of torture, the commission finds that, although it was not anc policy to use torture, the security department of the anc routinely used torture to extract information and confessions from those being held in camps, particularly in the period 1979-89. ^ "Findings and Recommendations – Holding the ANC Accountable" (PDF). Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report. Truth and Reconciliation Commission. 2: 333. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Dreyer, Ronald (1994). Namibia and Southern Africa: Regional Dynamics of Decolonization, 1945-90. London: Kegan Paul International. pp. 59–60. ISBN 978-0710304711. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e George, Edward (2005). The Cuban intervention in Angola. New York: Frank Cass Publishers. p. 123. ISBN 978-0415647106. ^ Jump up to:a b Shubin, Vladimir Gennadyevich (2008). The Hot "Cold War": The USSR in Southern Africa. London: Pluto Press. pp. 92–93, 249. ISBN 978-0-7453-2472-2. ^ Jump up to:a b Hughes, Geraint (2014). My Enemy's Enemy: Proxy Warfare in International Politics. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press. pp. 65–79. ISBN 978-1845196271. ^ Steenkamp, Willem; Helmoed-Römer, Heitman (September 2016). Mobility Conquers: The Story Of 61 Mechanised Battalion Group 1978-2005. Solihull: Helion & Company. p. 706. ISBN 978-1-911096-52-8. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Thomas, Scott (1995). The Diplomacy of Liberation: The Foreign Relations of the ANC Since 1960. London: Tauris Academic Studies. pp. 200–202. ISBN 978-1850439936. ^ Callinicos, Luli (2012). "Oliver Tambo and the Dilemma of the Camp Mutinies in Angola in the Eighties". South African Historical Journal. 64 (3): 587–621. doi:10.1080/02582473.2012.675813. S2CID 144909892. ^ Statement of Nelson Mandela at Rivonia trial Archived 21 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine ^ "Mavuso Walter Msimang". South African History Online. Retrieved 5 July 2021. ^ "The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990" (PDF). Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report. Truth and Reconciliation Commission. 2: 327. ^ https://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/apartheid-repression/cross-border-raids.htm[dead link]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe
LIST OF MK OPERATIONS ANC-2nd Submission to TRC - APPENDIX FOUR Please note: Information in this list was drawn from press reports and the Annual S urveys of the SAIRR. These are not MK records. There are probably omissions and errors, due to censorship during the apartheid era and other difficulties in collecting information of this nature. 1960s Details are not available, but it is estimated that the MK High Command co-ordinated over 190 acts of sabotage between October 1961 and July 1963. There were no deaths or injuries. 1976: Note: a study by Tom Lodge of the University of the Witwatersrand estimated that there were 150 MK attacks between 1976 - 1982 30/11/76 Skirmish with SAP: Eastern Transvaal Two SAP killed as arrested cadres escape custody, throwing grenade into SAP vehicle 1977 08/01/77 Economic: railway line near Soweto 15/06/1977 Unplanned actions/skirmish with SAP: Two civilians killed in warehouse in Goch Street during unplanned panic reaction when cadres realised they were being followed by SAP; two cadres captured; Monty Motlaung beaten so badly by SAP he was brain damaged; Solomon Mahlangu hanged 186 Nongqai Vol 12 No 12B : SAP-SB / ANC-MK
