El Observador April 14th, 2023.

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José López Zamorano

La Red Hispana

Medicaides uno de los grandes piolares de la red de seguridad social en los Estados Unidos.

Creado en 1965, Medicaid brinda usualmente cobertura médica a más de 70 millones de personas de bajos ingresos o discapacitadas. Durante la pandemia esa cifra creció a 90 millones. Casi la mitad de todos los nacimientos son pagados vía Medicaid.

El gobierno federal absorbe la mayor parte del costo, pero una parte corresponde a los 50 estados del país.

A raíz de la pandemia de COVID, el gobierno federal ordenó a los estados mantener la cobertura médica a todos los beneficiarios de Medicaid, y los proveyó de los recursos necesarios, una gran decisión sin duda.

Pero la emergencia pública por la pandemia de COVID se termina el 11 de mayo, por lo cual los estados no están obligados a mantener la cobertura de Medicaid.

El resultado es catastrófico: Hasta 15 millones de las personas más vulnerables de Estados Unidos podrían perder su cobertura médica, incluidos casi 7 millones que son elegibles, ante la falta de recursos para el programa.

Y adivine usted quieren serán los más afectados. Así es: latinos y negros. Casi la mitad de los afectados serán personas de color, en especial niños.

Los menores de edad son el segmento que más ha abandonado el programa, en especial los niños latinos. Y conocemos las razones: provienen de familias bajos ingresos, baja escolaridad o de padres indocumentados.

La buena noticia: muchas de esos niños estadounidenses y otras personas discapacitadas que quedarán sin cobertura podrían acudir al mercado de seguros de la Ley de Salud Asequible (ACA) y obtener cobertura a bajo costo o gratuita

La mala noticia: Cientos de miles quedarán en un limbo. No calificarán al ACA porque sus ingresos son menores a los requisitos del programa, pero demasiado altos para calificar para Medicaid. Peor aún, cada estado tiene sus propias reglas.

Es un problema social y de salud pública de implicaciones sociales de largo plazo, pues puede condenar a una generación de pobres al total abandono.

¿Y qué hace nuestra clase política? Dedicada casi en cuerpo y alma al

tema del momento. Las imputaciones criminales contra Donald Trump.

Aunque algunos estados han empezado a tomar medidas para evitar que personas elegibles pierdan la cobertura de Medicaid, este problema debería ser de alta prioridad en los radares de Washington y de los 50 estados. No hay excusa para evitar que millones de niños, caigan por este enorme hoyo de la red de seguridad innecesariamente.

José López

Zamorano

La Red Hispana

Medicaid

is one of the great pillars of the social safety net in the United States.

Created in 1965, Medicaid routinely provides health coverage to more than seventy million low-income or disabled people. During the pandemic that number grew to ninety million. Nearly half of all births are

paid for via Medicaid.

The federal government absorbs most of the cost, but a portion corresponds to the fifty states of the country.

In the wake of the COVID pandemic, the federal government ordered states to maintain health coverage for all Medicaid recipients, and provided them with the necessary resources, a big decision to be sure.

But the public emergency due to the COVID pandemic ends on May 11, so states are not required to maintain Medicaid coverage.

The result is catastrophic: Up to fifteen million of America's most vulnerable people could lose their health coverage, including nearly seven million who are eligible, due to lack of resources for the program.

And guess what populations will be the most affected.

That's right: Latinos and Black people. Nearly half of those affected will be people of color, especially the children.

Minors are the segment that has been abandoned by the program the most, especially Latino children. And we know the reasons: they come from low-income communities and might have parents that are undocumented or have low education levels.

The good news: Many of those American children and other disabled people who will go without coverage could turn to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) insurance marketplace and get coverage at little or no cost.

The bad news: Hundreds of thousands will be left in limbo. They will not qualify for the ACA because their income is below the program's requirements, but too high to qualify for Medicaid. Worse yet, each state has its own rules.

It is a social and public health problem with long-term social implications, since it can condemn a generation of poor people to total abandonment.

And what does our political class do? They are dedicated body and soul to the subject of the moment: the criminal charges against Donald Trump. Although some states have begun to take steps to prevent eligible individuals from losing Medicaid coverage, this issue should be high on the radar in Washington and all fifty states. There is no excuse to prevent millions of children from falling through this huge hole in the safety net unnecessarily.

Photo Credit: Freepik

NOTA PUBLICITARIA DE LA CAMPAÑA DE CONSERVACIÓN

LOS JARDINES HAN EVOLUCIONADO

Despídase de los jardines sedientos y dele la bienvenida a un bello jardín de bajo uso de agua.

jardín de alto consumo de agua en uno de bajo consumo y hacer que su equipo de irrigación sea más eficiente.

¿Sabía que al menos la mitad del agua que se consume en un hogar típico del condado de Santa Clara se usa en el exterior? Podría ahorrar dinero en su factura de agua si transforma su jardín con la ayuda del Programa de Reembolso para jardines de Valley Water (Distrito del Agua del Valle de Santa Clara).

Al caminar por su barrio tal vez haya notado que cada vez hay más casas en el condado de Santa Clara que ya han cambiado sus jardines frontales por hermosos jardines de bajo consumo de agua. Los residentes del condado de Santa Clara están descubriendo los numerosos beneficios de reemplazar jardines con el Programa de Reembolso para jardines del Distrito del Agua del Valle de Santa Clara. ¡De hecho, casi 13,500 residentes y comerciantes ya han participado en el programa!

• Obtenga $200 por cada 100 pies cuadrados de jardín que convierta hasta un máximo de $3,000 para propiedades residenciales y $100,000 para comercios e instituciones. ¡Algunas áreas que comparten costos podrían recibir incluso más!

• Comience el proceso de solicitud en watersavings.org para pedir una preinspección o llámenos al (408) 6302554 para obtener más información.

• Tenga en cuenta que es necesario obtener la aprobación de su solicitud antes de comenzar un proyecto.

Con el verano cada vez más cerca, permítanos ayudarlo a reemplazar su jardín con alto consumo de agua por uno “evolucionado” mediante el uso de plantas nativas de California que toleran las sequías y necesitan menos agua.

¡Un “jardín evolucionado” es funcional, atractivo y fácil de mantener, lo cual no solo lo ayudará a ahorrar dinero, sino que también logrará hacer de la conservación un estilo de

reembolsos pueden ayudar a hacer el cambio!

ENGLISH EXTRA PAY COULD LURE EXPERIENCED TEACHERS TO POORER SCHOOLS . WHY CALIFORNIA WON’T DO IT.

Throughout the state, schools with the highest rates of low-income students have fewer experienced teachers. Increasing teacher pay is one way to lure more experienced applicants, but teachers unions keep fighting that idea.

Joe Hong & Erica Yee CalMatters

Halfway through a chilly school day in February, Theresa Griffin’s sixth grade classroom at Stege Elementary is more chaotic than usual. On the white board, Griffin writes the names of talkative students who will be staying behind after the lunch bell rings. A knock on the door interrupts reading instruction.

Six younger students need a classroom to work in while their teachers are attending a conference. Griffin spends 10 minutes rearranging tables to make space for them. Griffin is willing to do anything she can to help her colleagues — if she can offer a little support, maybe they’ll stick around at the school where many teachers leave after a few years. At the start of the current school year, Griffin was the only teacher at Stege with more than five years of experience — she’s been teaching at the school 23 years. Located in Richmond just north of Berkeley, Stege serves the highest percentage of students from lowincome households in the West Contra Costa Unified School District but its teachers on average have less experience than all but one other school. And that experience disparity isn’t unique to Stege and West Contra Costa — it plays out in schools throughout California.

The dearth of experienced teachers at high-poverty schools contributes to one of the defining traits of public education: the achievement gap between students from low-income families and their higherincome peers. At schools throughout California, standardized test scores plummet when poverty rates rise. Last school year, 47% of students statewide met English language arts standards and 33% met math standards. At Stege, those rates were far lower, just 11% and 9%, respectively.

Over the past several decades, solutions to teacher staffing disparities have swirled within California’s state Legislature, local school boards and among academic researchers. Chief among them: paying teachers more to work at high-poverty schools. But again and again, teachers unions have shot down that idea.

The unions’ opposition frustrates some researchers who point to the benefits of what’s called “differentiated pay.” But labor groups point to the complex and fragile ecosystem that can be disrupted by trying to address just one piece of the broader inequality plaguing public education.

The California Teachers Association codified its opposition to differentiated pay in its policy handbook, which explains that school districts use what is known as a “single salary schedule” to pay all teachers at all

schools the same wages based on their experience and education levels. “The model is widely accepted because it is seen as less arbitrary, clearer and more predictable,” the handbook states. “Because of these factors, the single salary schedule will continue to be the foundation of educators’ pay.”

Claudia Briggs, a spokesperson for the association, said public school districts should not be using their limited pool of funds to pay certain teachers more than others.

“(Differentiated pay) can be very divisive and hard to implement fairly and consistently,” Briggs said. “And it doesn’t get to the root of the problem.”

In 2009, the statewide union assailed legislation authored by former state Sen. Darrell Steinberg that would have barred districts from laying off a larger share of teachers from high-poverty schools. School employees are typically laid off based on seniority, with newer teachers being most vulnerable. Steinberg said the state needed to step in to ensure that high-poverty schools could build strong teams of educators. The California Teachers Association argued for local control over layoffs.

“(The union) put up billboards saying I wasn’t friendly to education,” Steinberg said. “Some fights are just worth having.”

The union also rallied against merit pay in federal programs like Race to the Top that would have required districts to use test scores to evaluate teachers. Under pressure from the union, California lawmakers refused to implement a system of teacher evaluations, weakening their chances of winning a chunk of the $4 billion in competitive grants offered by the Obama Administration.

Briggs said differentiated pay is a “Band-Aid.” She added that paying higher salaries for teachers at certain schools is a decision for local districts and their unions, but the California Teachers Association opposes it as a statewide policy. State lawmakers should focus on raising salaries and improving working conditions for all teachers, she said.

“Paying higher salaries for hard-to-staff schools is a flawed solution. It doesn’t address the reasons they’re hard to staff in the first place.”

-CLAUDIA BRIGGS, SPOKESPERSON FOR THE CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION

In any conversation about improving teacher retention, union leaders, including those at the California Teachers Association, are likely to mention community schools as a more holistic solution. Community schools partner with local social service, mental health and other medical providers to link students and their families with the help they need. Union

leaders say community schools can remedy the hardships facing students, rather than simply paying teachers more to single-handedly address the impacts of poverty.

“Paying higher salaries for hard-to-staff schools is a flawed solution,” Briggs said. “It doesn’t address the reasons they’re hard to staff in the first place.”

In 2018, State Superintendent of Public Instruction

Tony Thurmond told CalMatters during his election campaign that he believes all teachers should be paid more, and that the focus should be on improving working conditions. Thurmond said the studies on differentiated pay showed mixed results, specifically citing research by the Learning Policy Institute. One study by the research organization found that teachers at high-poverty schools were more likely to leave because of the pressures of standardized testing and unhappiness about their administrations, not compensation.

Thurmond, who won election and re-election with strong backing from the teachers union, wouldn’t comment for this story, but Deputy Superintendent Malia Vella replied on his behalf and made clear that his opposition to paying teachers more in high-poverty schools hasn’t changed. Instead, Vella said, the solution is raising salaries for all teachers along with smaller class sizes, more mentorship and affordable housing.

“A complex problem needs a complex solution,” Vella said. “Yes, raising salaries, but also doing all the things we know will make the system sustainable.”

Statewide snapshot

It’s a common pattern within the teaching workforce: young teachers begin their careers in high-poverty schools, put in a few years of service and transfer to a school in a more affluent neighborhood once they acquire a bit of seniority. Schools serving wealthier families tend to have more classroom resources, higher test scores and more involved parents. Teachers feel physically safer and more supported by their principals and administrators.

The result is a constant drain on schools with the neediest kids, which serve as training grounds for novice teachers.

CalMatters analyzed teacher experience data from 35 California school districts and 1,280 schools, including those from urban, suburban and rural communities. The correlation between student poverty and teacher experience is most obvious in large urban districts. In San Diego Unified, the state’s second-largest district, 17% of teachers at the 20 highest-poverty schools have less than five years of experience. At the more affluent schools, just 6% have less than five years of experience.

Staffing data from other large urban districts, including Long Beach, Oakland and Sacramento, show a similar trend. These trends align with national research showing that high-poverty communities have the least access to experienced teachers.

The West Contra Costa Unified School District has 64 schools. Among them, the percentage of students qualifying for free or reduced-price meals ranges from 7% at Kensington Elementary to 77% at Stege. In 2022, Stege Elementary was identified as one of the 474 lowest-performing schools in the state.

The median years of experience among the 13 teachers at Stege, according to district data from 2022, is three years. Griffin is the one teacher in the school with more than six years of experience, and she believes her consistent presence makes a difference.

“When you have kids that come from families where they have a lot of strife going on, they don’t have anybody that is consistent,” Griffin said. “Children like to have consistency, and when you don’t have consistency they don’t know what to do.”

Experience is just one of the ways experts measure the quality of an educator. A teacher’s education level and effect on student test scores are also often factored in.

However it’s measured, there’s a large body of research showing that teacher quality is more influential than every other factor in a student’s education. That includes a student’s socioeconomic background, language abilities, school size and class size. At high-poverty schools, where students are more likely to be achieving below grade level, a quality teacher can make an even bigger difference. Andrew Johnston, an economist at UC Merced, said the research makes clear that an effective teacher can have a profound impact on all students.

“What’s amazing is that when we randomly assign a kid to a high-quality teacher, not only are they doing better in the years after that, but they’re doing significantly better in adulthood,” Johnston said. “A good teacher increases a student’s future earnings and decreases incarceration rates.”

The suggestion of differentiated pay triggers questions about whether money alone can entice the best teachers to work at the highest-needs schools. And that leads to the thornier question of which teachers deserve to be paid more.

John Zabala is the president of United Teachers of Richmond, the local union for West Contra Costa Unified. He was previously a school psychologist at another high-poverty school in the district. His experience has led him to support the idea of differentiated pay, but he knows that union opposition makes it untenable.

Theresa Griffin helps students with their class work on Feb. 6, 2023. Photo Credit: Shelby Knowles / CalMatters

A student writes on a board at Stege Elementary School in Richmond on Feb. 6, 2023.

Photo Credit: Shelby Knowles / CalMatters

“I think we have to be open to things,” he said. “But I can already hear the teachers in other schools being upset that they’re not getting additional pay.”

Griffin also thinks teachers at Stege Elementary should be paid more, but she’s in it for the mission more than the money. She said teachers’ compensation is less important than their commitment to maintain high standards for all students. It’s a way of showing love to students who might not have anyone else who believes in them.

“I demand excellence, and I will help you get there if you’re willing to get there with me,” Griffin said. “But I’m very strict and sometimes that can be hard on them because they’re not getting that from anywhere else.”

Challenges at high-poverty schools

Griffin comes to school dressed in jeans and a blue polo shirt under a gray hoodie. After making copies in the front office, she walks in a steady gait down the long hallway to tidy her classroom before school starts. She declines to share her age, saying her students have been trying to figure out how old she is. She speaks slowly in a soothing voice. As students file into the classroom, Griffin asks them to remove their hats and hoods. She delegates tasks to her students: one oversees the pencil sharpener while another distributes textbooks.

As students begin working independently on their iPads, Griffin takes attendance. From the corner of her eye she sees one student chewing gum.

“My trash can is lonely,” she tells him without looking up from the class roster.

Teaching students who live in poverty is uniquely challenging. They often come to school without having eaten breakfast or dinner the previous night, making it harder for them to focus and easier for them to be disruptive. Those experiencing homelessness or moving frequently have erratic attendance. Students with emotional traumas can require teachers to serve as both therapists and social workers.

“At some of the schools where I served, the way they treated kids of color was just horrible in my eyes,” said Griffin, who knows that Black and Latino students are more likely to be living in poverty. “They had very little expectations for their academics.”

At Stege, 44% of students are Black compared to 13% districtwide. Among them, 12% met or exceeded standards in English language arts and only 6% met or exceeded standards in math last school year.

Jeremy, a Black student in Griffin’s sixth grade class, said he likes how Griffin “does it old school.” He admits he’s talkative in class, and so he understands when she scolds him.

“She’s more experienced,” Jeremy said. “Other teachers get used. They get played because they don’t know how to control their students.”

Researchers say the benefits of experience usually plateau after five years in the profession, with the steepest learning curves occurring in the first three years.

The number of veteran teachers at a school can provide clues to the work environment as well as the job market in the surrounding community. Under most union contracts seniority must be considered when a teacher applies for a job, so more veteran teachers at a school is often an indicator of a less stressful work environment.

“When teachers at high-poverty schools get a couple years of experience, they tend to transfer,” said Dan Goldhaber, the director at the Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research, which studied gaps in teacher quality.

In other words, high-poverty schools see more turnover, while schools in more affluent areas see more applicants for teacher vacancies.

Mary Patterson is a teacher at Longfellow Middle School in Berkeley Unified. With 62% of students qualifying for free or reduced-price meals, Longfellow has more than double the poverty rate of the other two middle schools in the district. Patterson uses the term “headwinds” to describe the challenges her students face, such as dealing with biases because they are Black or Latino or being from a low-income or a divorced family.

“Our job’s harder. It just is,” she said. “But we teach every kid we get. We’re not a school that complains

about our students.”

Patterson wrote an article almost 20 years ago about reducing turnover among newer teachers. The piece examines how administrators often require newer teachers to teach more subjects, resulting in longer hours with less pay. Add a high-poverty student body to those working conditions, and you get a work life that’s unsustainable for many educators, Patterson said.

The salary solution

Over the years economists as well as education and policy experts have studied the benefits of compensating teachers more to work in more challenging environments. Some researchers say differentiated pay alone isn’t a sustainable solution.

“The term ‘combat pay’ has been used in a pejorative way to describe those pay schemes,” said Tara Kini, the director of state policy at the Learning Policy Institute. “But if it’s not paired with strengthening the working environments in those schools, then it doesn’t hold up in the long term.”

But experts agree that it’s one method of increasing retention at hard-to-staff schools.

“The papers that have come out recently say that pay flexibility is super useful to schools and students,” said Johnston of UC Merced. “What happens with rigid pay schedules is that the person who’s totally checked out is being paid the same as a person who’s being a real hero for students.”

In public school districts in California, administrators negotiate with local teachers unions to agree on a salary schedule, which determines how much educators get paid based on their education level and years of experience. Most, if not all, school districts post their teacher salary schedules on their websites.

“What happens with rigid pay schedules is that the person who’s totally checked out is being paid the same as a person who’s being a real hero for students.”

-ANDREW JOHNSTON, ECONOMIST AT UC MERCED

Teachers know exactly how much they and their colleagues are earning. Union leaders say this transparency is partly an effort to reduce historical pay gaps for women, people of color and other marginalized groups. The salary schedule also helps cultivate solidarity among a teaching force: Educators know they’re all being paid fairly compared to their peers, union leaders say. This lays the groundwork for collective bargaining and teachers’ loyalty to their unions.

Union leaders contend that differentiated pay would undermine collective bargaining — that instead, all teachers deserve raises.

“I absolutely believe that if we had a way to get teachers who were more effective and assign them to (schools with poorer students), we’d be better off,” said John Roach, the executive director of the School Employers Association of California. “But the collective bargaining process does everything it can to avoid identifying teachers as being better than another.”

Trying to pay the best teachers more to work in highpoverty schools inches school districts toward an even more fraught conversation about evaluating teacher quality. Experts, teachers unions and policymakers have argued over how to assess teachers for decades. From one perspective, teachers who have a history of raising their students’ test scores are seen as more qualified teachers.

Researchers refer to this measure as the “valueadded” score assigned to a teacher. Eric Hanushek, a Stanford University economist, championed this way of assessing educators starting in the 1970s.

“On average, standardized test scores have shown to be really important,” he said. “This is not the only thing that measures a good teacher, but it’s an important part.”

Opponents of the value-added model argue that a teacher’s effectiveness can vary widely from year to year depending on the types of students and various other social and economic factors outside the classroom.

One policy mechanism has been around for 10 years

as part of an effort to close achievement gaps. California’s Local Control Funding Formula, which is the state’s system for funding K-12 schools, sends more money to districts for their foster children, English learners and students from low-income households. But the intended results of the formula can only be fully realized with differentiated pay, Hanushek said. “If you aren’t allowed to use the money in the best way possible, the whole system is being undermined,” he said.

"If you take (differentiated pay) off the table, there’s not a lot you can do to get really highquality teachers into poor schools."

-ERIC HANUSHEK, STANFORD UNIVERSITY ECONOMIST

Hanushek also said districts should be able to use test score data to send their most effective teachers to the highest-poverty schools with more pay. This would allow districts to directly target the extra money they receive via the formula, giving in essence a pay bonus to lure the best teachers to work at those schools.

But without support from teachers unions, that notion remains a pipe dream. Districts instead rely on the personal passion and commitment of individual teachers to close the achievement gap.

“If you take (differentiated pay) off the table, there’s not a lot you can do to get really high-quality teachers into poor schools,” Hanushek said.

In California, school districts avoid value-added measures. District officials assess teachers through classroom observations, but tenure protections prevent disciplinary action based on low test scores alone.

Policies in other states suggest differentiated pay could make hard-to-hire positions more desirable and more competitive. In Hawaii and Michigan, districts enticed special education teachers with salary increases between $10,000 and $15,000. One study found that in Georgia, higher pay for math and science teachers reduced turnover by up to 28%.

Griffin, the teacher at Stege Elementary, said the district once offered a $10,000 stipend for teachers who committed to work at a high-poverty school for two years. But she said most teachers left after fulfilling that commitment.

Like the California Teachers Association, local unions are also calling for more community schools. Zabala, the union president for West Contra Costa Unified who supports differentiated pay, also believes the community school model is a crucial piece of the needed reform. Since 2021, California lawmakers doled out $4 billion in community schools grants. West Contra Costa Unified is guaranteed a total of $31 million until 2027.

“I don’t believe that a stipend or pay differential is sufficient,” Zabala said. “There also needs to be a change in how we conceptualize schooling.”

Meanwhile, West Contra Costa Unified’s teachers just narrowly averted a strike last month after negotiating a 7% raise this year and a 7.5% raise next year — raises that will apply equally to teachers at schools with the wealthiest and poorest student bodies. Zabala said these raises will be crucial for attracting teachers to all of West Contra Costa Unified’s schools, especially amid a teacher shortage. He said his bargaining team also asked for one-time $2,500 stipends for teachers working in high-poverty schools, but district officials rejected that proposal.

The situation looks dire at the district, as it needs to cut $20 million this year to afford those teacher raises. Zabala expects much of those reductions to come from after-school and mental-health programs at high-poverty schools.

But Griffin said she isn’t overly concerned. If anything, she’s indifferent to the threat of budget cuts. She said she’s going to keep doing what she has always done: focus on her students.

After her students leave her class at the end of the day, Griffin begins tidying up her classroom, picking up books and papers her students left behind. She admits she’s tired, but only because she’s a morning person and not because her students were especially rowdy that day.

“I think you just have to have it in your heart to do what you need to do to help the kids,” Griffin said. “If it’s not in your heart, it makes it harder to do.”

UN PAGO EXTRA PODRÍA ATRAER A MAESTROS EXPERIMENTADOS A LAS ESCUELAS MÁS POBRES. ¿POR QUÉ CALIFORNIA NO LO HACE?

En todo el estado, las escuelas con las tasas más altas de estudiantes de bajos ingresos tienen menos maestros con experiencia. Aumentar el salario de los docentes es una forma de atraer a solicitantes más experimentados, pero los sindicatos de docentes siguen luchando contra esa idea.

Joe Hong & Erica Yee CalMatters

Alamitad de un día escolar en febrero, el salón de clases de sexto grado de Theresa Griffin en Stege Elementary está más caótico que de costumbre. En la pizarra blanca, Griffin escribe los nombres de los estudiantes habladores que se quedarán después de que suene la campana del almuerzo. Un golpe en la puerta interrumpe la instrucción de lectura.

Seis estudiantes más jóvenes necesitan un salón de clases para trabajar mientras sus maestros asisten a una conferencia. Griffin pasa 10 minutos reorganizando las mesas para dejarles espacio. Griffin está dispuesta a hacer todo lo posible para ayudar a sus colegas; si puede ofrecer un poco de apoyo, tal vez se queden en la escuela donde muchos maestros se van después de unos años. Al comienzo del año escolar actual, Griffin era la única maestra en Stege con más de cinco años de experiencia; ha estado enseñando en la escuela durante 23 años.

Ubicada en Richmond, justo al norte de Berkeley, Stege atiende al porcentaje más alto de estudiantes de hogares de bajos ingresos en el Distrito Escolar Unificado de West Contra Costa, pero sus maestros en promedio tienen menos experiencia que todas las escuelas menos una. Y esa disparidad de experiencia no es exclusiva de Stege y West Contra Costa: se manifiesta en las escuelas de todo California.

La escasez de maestros con experiencia en las escuelas con alumnos de familias que viven en la pobreza contribuye a uno de los rasgos definitorios de la educación pública: la brecha de rendimiento entre los estudiantes de familias de bajos ingresos y sus compañeros de mayores ingresos. En las escuelas de California, los puntajes de las pruebas estandarizadas se desploman cuando aumentan las tasas de pobreza. El año escolar pasado, el 47% de los estudiantes en todo el estado cumplieron con los estándares de lengua y literatura en inglés y el 33% cumplieron con los estándares de matemáticas. En Stege, esas tasas eran mucho más bajas, solo 11% y 9%, respectivamente.

Durante las últimas décadas, las soluciones a las disparidades en la dotación de personal docente han girado en torno a la Legislatura estatal de California, las juntas escolares locales y entre los investigadores académicos. El principal de ellos: pagar más a los maestros para que trabajen en escuelas de alta pobreza. Pero una y otra vez, los sindicatos de docentes han rechazado esa idea.

La oposición de los sindicatos frustra a algunos investigadores que señalan los beneficios de lo que se denomina “salario diferenciado”. Pero los grupos laborales señalan el ecosistema complejo y frágil que puede interrumpirse al tratar de abordar solo una parte de la desigualdad más amplia que afecta a la educación pública.

La Asociación de Maestros de California codificó su oposición al pago diferenciado en su manual de políticas, que explica que los distritos escolares usan lo que se conoce como un “programa de salario único” para pagar a todos los maestros en todas las escuelas los mismos salarios en función de su experiencia y niveles de educación. “El modelo es ampliamente aceptado porque se considera menos arbitrario, más claro y más predecible”, afirma el manual. “Debido a estos factores, el programa de salario único seguirá siendo la base del salario de los educadores”.

Claudia Briggs, vocera de la asociación, dijo que los distritos escolares públicos no deberían usar su fondo limitado de fondos para pagarle a ciertos maestros más que a otros.

“(El pago diferenciado) puede ser muy divisivo y difícil de implementar de manera justa y consistente”, dijo Briggs. “Y no llega a la raíz del problema”. En 2009, el sindicato estatal atacó la legislación redactada por el exsenador estatal Darrell Steinberg que habría prohibido a los distritos despedir a una mayor proporción de maestros de escuelas de alta pobreza. Los empleados escolares suelen

ser despedidos en función de la antigüedad, siendo los maestros más nuevos los más vulnerables. Steinberg dijo que el estado necesitaba intervenir para garantizar que las escuelas de alta pobreza pudieran formar equipos sólidos de educadores. La Asociación de Maestros de California abogó por el control local sobre los despidos.

“(El sindicato) colocó vallas publicitarias que decían que yo no era amigo de la educación”, dijo Steinberg. “Algunas peleas simplemente valen la pena”. El sindicato también se manifestó contra el pago por mérito en programas federales como Race to the Top que habría requerido que los distritos usaran los puntajes de las pruebas para evaluar a los maestros. Bajo la presión del sindicato, los legisladores de California se negaron a implementar un sistema de evaluación de maestros, lo que debilitó sus posibilidades de ganar una parte de los $4 mil millones en subvenciones competitivas ofrecidas por la administración de Obama.

Briggs dijo que el pago diferenciado es una “curita”. Agregó que pagar salarios más altos a los maestros en ciertas escuelas es una decisión de los distritos locales y sus sindicatos, pero la Asociación de Maestros de California se opone como una política estatal. Los legisladores estatales deberían concentrarse en aumentar los salarios y mejorar las condiciones de trabajo de todos los maestros, dijo.

“Pagar salarios más altos por escuelas con personal difícil es una solución defectuosa. No aborda las razones por las que es difícil contratar personal en primer lugar”.

-CLAUDIA BRIGGS, PORTAVOZ DE LA ASOCIACIÓN DE MAESTROS DE CALIFORNIA

En cualquier conversación sobre cómo mejorar la retención de maestros, es probable que los líderes sindicales, incluidos los de la Asociación de Maestros de California, mencionen las escuelas comunitarias como una solución más holística. Las escuelas comunitarias se asocian con el servicio social local, la salud mental y otros proveedores médicos para vincular a los estudiantes y sus familias con la ayuda que necesitan. Los líderes sindicales dicen que las escuelas comunitarias pueden remediar las dificultades que enfrentan los estudiantes, en lugar de simplemente pagarles más a los maestros para que aborden por sí solos los impactos de la pobreza.

“Pagar salarios más altos por escuelas con personal difícil es una solución defectuosa”, dijo Briggs. “No aborda las razones por las que es difícil contratar personal en primer lugar”.

En 2018, el Superintendente de Instrucción Pública del Estado, Tony Thurmond, le dijo a CalMatters du-

rante su campaña electoral que cree que a todos los maestros se les debe pagar más y que el enfoque debe ser mejorar las condiciones laborales. Thurmond dijo que los estudios sobre salarios diferenciados mostraron resultados mixtos, citando específicamente la investigación del Learning Policy Institute. Un estudio realizado por la organización de investigación encontró que los maestros en las escuelas de alta pobreza tenían más probabilidades de irse debido a las presiones de las pruebas estandarizadas y al descontento con sus administraciones, no por la compensación.

Thurmond, quien ganó las elecciones y la reelección con un fuerte respaldo del sindicato de maestros, no quiso comentar para esta historia, pero la superintendente adjunta Malia Vella respondió en su nombre y dejó en claro que su oposición a pagar más a los maestros en las escuelas de alta pobreza no ha cambiado. En cambio, dijo Vella, la solución es aumentar los salarios de todos los maestros junto con clases más pequeñas, más mentores y viviendas asequibles.

“Un problema complejo necesita una solución compleja”, dijo Vella. “Sí, aumentar los salarios, pero también hacer todas las cosas que sabemos que harán que el sistema sea sostenible”.

Instantánea estatal

Es un patrón común dentro de la fuerza laboral docente: los maestros jóvenes comienzan sus carreras en escuelas de alta pobreza, pasan algunos años de servicio y se transfieren a una escuela en un vecindario más próspero una vez que adquieren un poco de antigüedad. Las escuelas que atienden a las familias más ricas tienden a tener más recursos en el salón de clases, puntajes más altos en las pruebas y padres más involucrados. Los maestros se sienten físicamente más seguros y más apoyados por sus directores y administradores.

El resultado es una salida constante en las escuelas con los niños más necesitados, que sirven como campos de entrenamiento para los maestros novatos.

CalMatters analizó datos sobre la experiencia de los maestros de 35 distritos escolares de California y 1280 escuelas, incluidas las de comunidades urbanas, suburbanas y rurales. La correlación entre la pobreza estudiantil y la experiencia docente es más evidente en los grandes distritos urbanos. En el Distrito Unificado de San Diego, el segundo distrito más grande del estado, el 17% de los maestros de las 20 escuelas con mayor pobreza tienen menos de cinco años de experiencia. En las escuelas más prósperas, solo el 6% tiene menos de cinco años de experiencia.

Los datos de dotación de personal de otros grandes distritos urbanos, incluidos Long Beach, Oakland y Sacramento, muestran una tendencia similar. Estas tendencias se alinean con la investigación nacional que muestra que las comunidades de alta pobreza tienen menos acceso a maestros con experiencia. El Distrito Escolar Unificado de West Contra Costa tiene 64 escuelas. Entre ellos, el porcentaje de estudiantes que califican para comidas gratuitas oa precio reducido oscila entre el 7% en Kensington Elementary y el 77% en Stege. En 2022, Stege Elementary fue identificada como una de las 474 escuelas con el rendimiento más bajo del estado.

La mediana de años de experiencia entre los 13 maestros de Stege, según datos del distrito de 2022, es de tres años. Griffin es la única maestra de la escuela con más de seis años de experiencia y cree que su presencia constante marca la diferencia.

“Cuando tienes niños que provienen de familias en las que hay muchos conflictos, no tienen a nadie que sea coherente”, dijo Griffin. “A los niños les gusta tener consistencia, y cuando no tienes consistencia no saben qué hacer”.

La experiencia es solo una de las formas en que los expertos miden la calidad de un educador. El nivel de educación de un maestro y el efecto en los puntajes de las pruebas de los estudiantes también suelen tenerse en cuenta.

Independientemente de cómo se mida, hay una gran cantidad de investigaciones que muestran que la calidad de los maestros influye más que cualquier otro factor en la educación de un estudiante. Eso incluye los antecedentes socioeconómicos del estudiante, las habilidades lingüísticas, el tamaño de la escuela y el tamaño de la clase. En las escuelas de alta pobreza, donde es más probable que los estudiantes estén por debajo del nivel de grado, un maestro de calidad puede marcar una diferencia aún mayor. Andrew Johnston, economista de UC Merced, dijo que la investigación deja en claro que un maestro eficaz puede tener un impacto profundo en todos los estudiantes.

“Lo sorprendente es que cuando asignamos aleatoriamente a un niño a un maestro de alta calidad, no solo les va mejor en los años posteriores, sino que les va significativamente mejor en la edad adulta”, dijo Johnston. “Un buen maestro aumenta las ganancias futuras de un estudiante y disminuye las tasas de encarcelamiento”.

La sugerencia de un pago diferenciado genera preguntas sobre si el dinero por sí solo puede atraer a los mejores maestros para trabajar en las escuelas con mayores necesidades. Y eso lleva a la pregunta más espinosa de qué maestros merecen que se les pague más.

John Zabala es el presidente de United Teachers of Richmond, el sindicato local de West Contra Costa Unified. Anteriormente fue psicólogo escolar en otra escuela de alta pobreza en el distrito. Su experiencia lo ha llevado a apoyar la idea del salario diferenciado, pero sabe que la oposición sindical la hace insostenible.

“Creo que tenemos que estar abiertos a las cosas”, dijo. “Pero ya puedo escuchar a los maestros de otras escuelas molestos porque no reciben un pago adicional”.

Griffin también cree que a los maestros de la escuela primaria Stege se les debería pagar más, pero ella está más interesada en la misión que en el dinero. Ella dijo que la compensación de los maestros es menos importante que su compromiso de mantener altos estándares para todos los estudiantes. Es una forma de mostrar amor a los estudiantes que tal vez no tengan a nadie más que crea en ellos.

“Exijo excelencia y te ayudaré a lograrlo si estás dispuesto a hacerlo conmigo”, dijo Griffin. “Pero soy muy estricto y, a veces, eso puede ser difícil para ellos porque no obtienen eso de ningún otro lado”.

Desafíos en las escuelas de alta pobreza

Theresa Griffin, maestra de sexto grado en la Escuela Primaria Stege en Richmond, el 6 de febrero de 2023. Photo Credit: Shelby Knowles / CalMatters

Griffin llega a la escuela vestido con jeans y un polo azul debajo de una sudadera con capucha gris. Después de hacer copias en la oficina principal, camina con paso firme por el largo pasillo para ordenar su salón de clases antes de que comiencen las clases. Ella se niega a compartir su edad, diciendo que sus alumnos han estado tratando de averiguar cuántos años tiene.

Ella habla lentamente con una voz suave. A medida que los estudiantes ingresan al salón de clases, Griffin les pide que se quiten los sombreros y las capuchas. Ella delega tareas a sus alumnos: uno supervisa el sacapuntas mientras que otro distribuye libros de texto.

A medida que los estudiantes comienzan a trabajar de forma independiente en sus iPads, Griffin toma asistencia. Por el rabillo del ojo ve a un estudiante mascando chicle.

“Mi bote de basura está solo”, le dice sin levantar la vista de la lista de la clase.

Enseñar a los estudiantes que viven en la pobreza es un desafío único. A menudo llegan a la escuela sin haber desayunado o cenado la noche anterior, lo que les dificulta concentrarse y les resulta más fácil ser disruptivos. Las personas sin hogar o que se mudan con frecuencia tienen una asistencia errática. Los estudiantes con traumas emocionales pueden requerir que los maestros actúen como terapeutas y trabajadores sociales.

“En algunas de las escuelas en las que serví, la forma en que trataban a los niños de color me parecía horrible”, dijo Griffin, quien sabe que los estudiantes de raza negra y latinos tienen más probabilidades de vivir en la pobreza. “Tenían muy pocas expectativas para sus académicos”.

En Stege, el 44% de los estudiantes son afroamericanos en comparación con el 13% en todo el distrito. Entre ellos, el 12 % cumplió o superó los estándares en lengua y literatura en inglés y solo el 6 % cumplió o superó los estándares en matemáticas el año escolar pasado.

Jeremy, un estudiante de raza negra en la clase de sexto grado de Griffin, dijo que le gusta cómo Griffin "lo hace a la vieja usanza". Él admite que es hablador en clase, por lo que entiende cuando ella lo regaña.

“Ella tiene más experiencia”, dijo Jeremy. “Otros maestros se acostumbran. Los engañan porque no saben cómo controlar a sus alumnos”.

Los investigadores dicen que los beneficios de la experiencia por lo general se estabilizan después de cinco años en la profesión, y las curvas de aprendizaje más pronunciadas ocurren en los primeros tres años.

La cantidad de maestros veteranos en una escuela puede proporcionar pistas sobre el entorno laboral y el mercado laboral en la comunidad circundante. Según la mayoría de los contratos sindicales, se debe considerar la antigüedad cuando un maestro solicita un trabajo, por lo que más maestros veteranos en una escuela a menudo es un indicador de un entorno laboral menos estresante.

“Cuando los maestros de las escuelas de alta pobreza obtienen un par de años de experiencia, tienden a transferirse”, dijo Dan Goldhaber, director del Centro para el Análisis de Datos Longitudinales en la Investigación Educativa, que estudió las brechas en la calidad de los maestros.

En otras palabras, las escuelas con un alto nivel de pobreza ven más cambios , mientras que las escuelas en áreas más prósperas ven más solicitantes para las vacantes de maestros.

Mary Patterson es maestra en Longfellow Middle School en Berkeley Unified. Con el 62% de los estudiantes que califican para recibir comidas gratuitas o a precio reducido, Longfellow tiene más del doble de la tasa de pobreza de las otras dos escuelas intermedias del distrito. Patterson usa el término "vientos en contra" para describir los desafíos que enfrentan sus estudiantes, como lidiar con los prejuicios porque son afroamericanos o latinos o provienen de una familia divorciada o de bajos ingresos.

“Nuestro trabajo es más difícil. Simplemente es”, dijo. “Pero enseñamos a todos los niños que tenemos. No somos una escuela que se queja de nuestros estudiantes”.

Patterson escribió un artículo hace casi 20 años sobre la reducción de la rotación entre los maestros

nuevos. El artículo examina cómo los administradores a menudo requieren que los maestros más nuevos enseñen más materias, lo que resulta en más horas con menos paga. Agregue un cuerpo estudiantil de alta pobreza a esas condiciones laborales y obtendrá una vida laboral que es insostenible para muchos educadores, dijo Patterson.

La solución salarial

A lo largo de los años, tanto economistas como expertos en educación y políticas han estudiado los beneficios de compensar más a los maestros para que trabajen en entornos más desafiantes. Algunos investigadores dicen que el pago diferenciado por sí solo no es una solución sostenible.

“El término 'pago de combate' se ha usado de manera peyorativa para describir esos esquemas de pago”, dijo Tara Kini, directora de política estatal en el Learning Policy Institute . “Pero si no se combina con el fortalecimiento de los entornos laborales en esas escuelas, entonces no se sostiene a largo plazo”.

Pero los expertos están de acuerdo en que es un método para aumentar la retención en las escuelas donde es difícil dotar de personal.

“Los documentos que han aparecido recientemente dicen que la flexibilidad salarial es muy útil para las escuelas y los estudiantes”, dijo Johnston de UC Merced. “Lo que sucede con los cronogramas de pago rígidos es que a la persona que se retira totalmente se le paga lo mismo que a una persona que es un verdadero héroe para los estudiantes”.

En los distritos escolares públicos de California, los administradores negocian con los sindicatos de maestros locales para acordar un programa salarial, que determina cuánto se les paga a los educadores en función de su nivel educativo y años de experiencia. La mayoría de los distritos escolares, si no todos, publican los salarios de sus maestros en sus sitios web.

“Lo que sucede con los cronogramas de pago rígidos es que a la persona que se retira totalmente se le paga lo mismo que a una persona que es un verdadero héroe para los estudiantes”.

ANDREW JOHNSTON, ECONOMISTA DE UC MERCED

Los maestros saben exactamente cuánto ganan ellos y sus colegas. Los líderes sindicales dicen que esta transparencia es en parte un esfuerzo por reducir las brechas salariales históricas para las mujeres, las personas de color y otros grupos marginados. El programa salarial también ayuda a cultivar la solidaridad entre una fuerza docente: los educadores saben que todos reciben un pago justo en comparación con sus compañeros, dicen los líderes sindicales. Esto sienta las bases para la negociación colectiva y la lealtad de los docentes

a sus sindicatos.

Los líderes sindicales sostienen que el pago diferenciado socavaría la negociación colectiva y que, en cambio, todos los maestros merecen aumentos.

“Creo absolutamente que si tuviéramos una manera de conseguir maestros que fueran más efectivos y asignarlos a (escuelas con estudiantes más pobres), estaríamos mejor”, dijo John Roach, director ejecutivo de la Asociación de Empleadores Escolares de California. . “Pero el proceso de negociación colectiva hace todo lo posible para evitar identificar a los maestros como mejores que otros”.

Tratar de pagarles más a los mejores maestros para que trabajen en escuelas de alta pobreza lleva a los distritos escolares a una conversación aún más tensa sobre la evaluación de la calidad de los maestros. Expertos, sindicatos de docentes y legisladores han discutido sobre cómo evaluar a los docentes durante décadas. Desde una perspectiva, los maestros que tienen un historial de mejorar los puntajes de las pruebas de sus alumnos son vistos como maestros más calificados.

Los investigadores se refieren a esta medida como el puntaje de "valor agregado" asignado a un maestro. Eric Hanushek, economista de la Universidad de Stanford, defendió esta forma de evaluar a los educadores a partir de la década de 1970.

“En promedio, los puntajes de las pruebas estandarizadas han demostrado ser realmente importantes”, dijo. “Esto no es lo único que mide a un buen maestro, pero es una parte importante”. Quienes se oponen al modelo de valor agregado argumentan que la eficacia de un maestro puede variar mucho de un año a otro según los tipos de estudiantes y otros factores sociales y económicos fuera del aula.

Un mecanismo de política ha existido durante 10 años como parte de un esfuerzo por cerrar las brechas de rendimiento. La Fórmula de Financiamiento de Control Local de California, que es el sistema estatal para financiar escuelas K-12, envía más dinero a los distritos para sus niños de crianza, estudiantes de inglés y estudiantes de hogares de bajos ingresos. Pero los resultados previstos de la fórmula solo se pueden realizar por completo con un pago diferenciado, dijo Hanushek.

“Si no se le permite usar el dinero de la mejor manera posible, todo el sistema se ve socavado”, dijo.

"Si elimina (el pago diferenciado) de la mesa, no hay mucho que pueda hacer para conseguir maestros realmente de alta calidad en las escuelas pobres".

ERIC HANUSHEK, ECONOMISTA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE STANFORD

Hanushek también dijo que los distritos deberían poder usar los datos de los puntajes de las prue-

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bas para enviar a sus maestros más efectivos a las escuelas con mayor pobreza y con mejores salarios. Esto permitiría a los distritos enfocarse directamente en el dinero extra que reciben a través de la fórmula, otorgando en esencia una bonificación salarial para atraer a los mejores maestros a trabajar en esas escuelas.

Pero sin el apoyo de los sindicatos de docentes, esa noción sigue siendo una quimera. Los distritos, en cambio, confían en la pasión personal y el compromiso de los maestros individuales para cerrar la brecha de rendimiento.

“Si elimina (el pago diferenciado) de la mesa, no hay mucho que pueda hacer para conseguir maestros realmente de alta calidad en las escuelas pobres”, dijo Hanushek.

En California, los distritos escolares evitan las medidas de valor agregado. Los funcionarios del distrito evalúan a los maestros a través de observaciones en el salón de clases, pero las protecciones de permanencia impiden que se tomen medidas disciplinarias basadas únicamente en puntajes bajos en las pruebas.

Las políticas en otros estados sugieren que el pago diferenciado podría hacer que los puestos difíciles de contratar sean más deseables y más competitivos. En Hawái y Michigan, los distritos atrajeron a los maestros de educación especial con aumentos salariales de entre $10,000 y $15,000. Un estudio encontró que en Georgia, un salario más alto para los maestros de matemáticas y ciencias redujo la rotación hasta en un 28%.

Griffin, el maestro de la escuela primaria Stege, dijo que el distrito ofreció una vez un estipendio de $10,000 a los maestros que se comprometieran a trabajar en una escuela de alta pobreza durante dos años. Pero dijo que la mayoría de los maestros se fueron después de cumplir con ese compromiso.

Al igual que la Asociación de Maestros de California, los sindicatos locales también están pidiendo más escuelas comunitarias. Zabala, el presidente del sindicato de West Contra Costa Unified que apoya el pago diferenciado, también cree que el modelo de escuela comunitaria es una pieza crucial de la reforma necesaria. Desde 2021, los legisladores de California han repartido $4 mil millones en subvenciones para escuelas comunitarias. El Distrito Unificado de West Contra Costa tiene garantizado un total de $31 millones hasta 2027.

“No creo que un estipendio o un diferencial salarial sea suficiente”, dijo Zabala. “También debe haber un cambio en la forma en que conceptualizamos la educación”.

Mientras tanto, los maestros de West Contra Costa Unified evitaron por poco una huelga el mes pasado después de negociar un aumento del 7% este año y un aumento del 7,5% el próximo año, aumentos que se aplicarán por igual a los maestros de las escuelas con los cuerpos estudiantiles más ricos y más pobres. Zabala dijo que estos aumentos serán cruciales para atraer maestros a todas las escuelas del Distrito Escolar Unificado de West Contra Costa, especialmente en medio de la escasez de maestros. Dijo que su equipo de negociación también solicitó estipendios únicos de $2,500 para maestros que trabajan en escuelas de alta pobreza, pero los funcionarios del distrito rechazaron esa propuesta.

La situación se ve grave en el distrito, ya que necesita recortar $20 millones este año para pagar esos aumentos de maestros. Zabala espera que gran parte de esas reducciones provengan de programas extracurriculares y de salud mental en escuelas de alta pobreza.

Pero Griffin dijo que no está demasiado preocupada. En todo caso, es indiferente a la amenaza de recortes presupuestarios. Ella dijo que va a seguir haciendo lo que siempre ha hecho: enfocarse en sus estudiantes.

Después de que sus alumnos dejan su clase al final del día, Griffin comienza a ordenar su salón de clases, recogiendo libros y papeles que sus alumnos dejaron. Ella admite que está cansada, pero solo porque es una persona madrugadora y no porque sus estudiantes estuvieran especialmente alborotados ese día.

“Creo que solo tienes que tenerlo en tu corazón para hacer lo que tienes que hacer para ayudar a los niños”, dijo Griffin. “Si no está en tu corazón, hace que sea más difícil de hacer”.

BREAKING UP WITH FRIENDS: HOW TO KNOW WHEN IT'S TIME TO MOVE ON

Friendshipsare an essential part of living a fulfilling life. However, just like any other relationship, some friends are only meant to be part of your life for a reason or a season, rather than a lifetime. The problem is, no one really talks about how to evaluate your friendships and let go of the ones that are no longer adding value to your life.

While an overwhelming majority (77%) of respondents in a recent Bumble For Friends survey* believe that friends are one of the main factors to a happy and healthy life, 42% have never intentionally evaluated the existing friendships in their lives, and 1 in 4 (25%) agree that they are stuck in outdated friendships that no longer serve them.

Danielle Bayard Jackson, Bumble For Friends' friendship expert, shares her advice on how to intentionally assess your friendships so that you can find peace in letting go of the ones you've outgrown. She suggests starting by asking yourself these questions:

Does the friendship feel like an obligation?

Many people have circumstantial friendships, meaning relationships that are mostly based on convenience, such as taking the same classes or having the same hobbies. Bumble For Friends' survey* found that 1 in 3 (35%) people have these kinds of friendships - they're common, and they add value to life by offering a certain kind of companionship. However, when these friendships become obligatory, meaning that you maintain them out of a sense of duty, it's time to reassess.

Why are you maintaining the friendship?

One of the most common reasons why people hold on to friendships that no longer serve them is that they feel they owe it to history. They may also feel scared that if they let a friendship go, they'll have a hard time finding new friendships. If the reasons you've elected to keep a friendship don't include a value-add to your life, then it might be time to mend or end the relationship.

What is maintaining the friendship costing you?

Holding on to a friendship that you aren't genuinely interested in maintaining can lead to resentment, as you're investing time, energy and emotional bandwidth that you most likely can't afford. It can also impact your other friendships, as you're dedicating space that you could be using on friends that fill your cup. There are only so many hours in the day, so it's important to focus on friendships that positively impact your life.

If you decide that it's time to part ways with the friendship, Jackson recommends a three-step formula for approaching the conversation:

* Show that you're intentional about the decision. Say, "Listen, I've been thinking a lot lately...."

* Address your needs without blaming the other person. Use 'I' statements as much as you can; rather than "you are never there for me when I need you...," try saying, "I need friendships in my life that can prioritize and support me in times of need."

* Tell them how much you appreciate them and what your intention is for moving forward. This could be, "I have appreciated our friendship so much, and you have been such an integral part of my life. However, I won't be able to show up in this friendship in the same way that I have before."

"Sometimes letting go is the first step toward creating a stronger friendship circle," says Jackson. "Ending a friendship that no longer fits doesn't make you mean or disloyal. Instead, it creates space for the both of you to be better positioned to invite new connections into your lives."

If things have changed in your life and you feel like you've maybe outgrown a friendship, Jackson suggests intentionally doing things to form new friendships - whether that be joining group activities, ask-

EL FIN DE UNA AMISTAD: CÓMO SABER CUÁNDO ES EL MOMENTO DE SEGUIR ADELANTE

42% señala nunca haber evaluado intencionalmente sus amistades actuales, y 1 de cada 4 (25%) coincide en que está atrapado en amistades obsoletas que no aportan nada significativo.

Danielle Bayard Jackson, experta en amistades de Bumble For Friends, nos brinda algunos consejos para evaluar deliberadamente nuestras amistades, con el propósito de encontrar la paz al poner fin a las que nada aportan. La experta sugiere comenzar haciéndose estas preguntas:

¿Siento esta amistad como una obligación?

ing friends of friends to tag along to their next event, or downloading Bumble For Friends, the friendshipfinding mode on the Bumble app. By putting yourself out there, you'll be on the right track to creating a stronger social circle around you.

For more expert advice on building (and maintaining) strong friendships, visit bumble.com/bff.

*Research was commissioned by Bumble and conducted online by Censuswide in February 2023 amongst a sample of more than 1,000 US adults who have either attended college or are currently in college.

Losamigos son parte esencial para tener una vida plena. Sin embargo, al igual que cualquier otra relación, algunas amistades están destinadas a ser parte de nuestro camino por una razón o temporalidad específica, y no quedarse por siempre. El problema es que nadie habla realmente de cómo evaluar las relaciones de amistad y dejar ir a aquellas que ya no agregan valor a nuestras vidas.

Mientras que una abrumadora mayoría (77%) de los participantes en una encuesta reciente de Bumble For Friends* cree que los amigos constituyen uno de los principales factores para una vida sana y feliz, el

AVISO DE AUDIENCIAS PÚBLICAS Y REUNIONES PARA LA SÉPTIMA ENMIENDA SUSTANCIAL AL PLAN DE ACCIÓN ANUAL DEL AÑO FISCAL 2019-2020

LA CIUDAD DE SAN JOSÉ ESTÁ PROPONIENDO UNA SÉPTIMA ENMIENDA SUSTANCIAL

A SUS PLANES DE ACCIÓN ANUALES EN EL AÑO FISCAL 2019-2020. ESTE AVISO PROPORCIONA UN CALENDARIO DE AUDIENCIAS PÚBLICAS Y OPORTUNIDADES PARA LA REVISIÓN Y LOS COMENTARIOS DEL PÚBLICO.

La Séptima Enmiendas Sustancial propuesta que actualizan el PAA del año fiscal 2019-2020 aprobado por la Ciudad. El período de comentarios para la Enmienda Sustancial va del 23 de abril de 2023 al 23 de mayo de 2023. Esto proporciona una oportunidad para la aportación del público.

Los PAA rigen el uso de los fondos federales del Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano de los Estados Unidos. Los fondos que la ciudad recibe por fórmula del HUD incluyen la Subvención en Bloque para el Desarrollo de la Comunidad (CDBG), la Subvención para Soluciones de Emergencia (ESG), las Asociaciones de Inversión en el Hogar (HOME) y las Oportunidades de Vivienda para Personas con SIDA (HOPWA). Los fondos de fórmula de la Ciudad tienen un promedio de aproximadamente $14 millones anuales, dependiendo del presupuesto federal. El desarrollo de estos Planes se nutre en gran medida de los comentarios del público

Si desea proporcionar comentarios sobre la modificación del Plan, la Ciudad agradece su asistencia a cualquiera de las reuniones que figuran en el calendario que se presenta a continuación. Además, los comentarios pueden proporcionarse por teléfono, por correo ordinario (a City of San José Housing Department, 200 E. Santa Clara Street, 12th Floor, San José, California 95113) o por correo electrónico a través de la información de contacto que se indica a continuación, tanto para las personas de habla inglesa como para las que tienen un dominio limitado del inglés. El borrador de las Enmiendas Sustanciales estará disponible para comentarios públicos en el sitio web del Departamento de Vivienda desde el 23 de abril de 2023 hasta el 23 de mayo de 2023.

Para solicitar adaptaciones especiales para cualquiera de las reuniones o un formato alternativo de cualquier material impreso relacionado, llame al (408) 294-9337 (TTY) lo antes posible, pero al menos tres días hábiles antes de la reunión. Todas las reuniones públicas son accesibles para las personas con problemas de movilidad.

Programa de audiencias públicas

Muchas personas tienen amistades circunstanciales, o sea, relaciones que se basan principalmente en la conveniencia, como asistir a las mismas clases o tener pasatiempos similares. La encuesta de Bumble For Friends* reveló que 1 de cada 3 participantes (35%) tienen este tipo de amistades: son comunes y agregan valor a la vida al ofrecer un cierto tipo de compañía. Sin embargo, cuando se vuelven obligatorias, lo cual equivale a que las mantenemos por un sentido del deber, es hora de reevaluarlas.

¿Por qué mantienes la amistad?

Una de las razones más comunes por las cuales nos aferramos a amistades que ya corrieron su curso, es porque nos sentimos en deuda con la historia que tenemos con esa persona. También podemos sentir miedo de que si finalizamos una amistad, tendríamos dificultades para encontrar nuevas. Si las razones por las que has elegido mantener una amistad no incluyen un valor agregado a tu vida, entonces podría haber llegado el momento de modificar o dar por terminada la relación.

¿Te está costando mantener esa amistad?

Aferrarse a una amistad que no te interesa genuinamente conservar puede generar resentimiento, ya que estás dedicándole tiempo, energía y emociones que probablemente no puedes invertir. También puedes afectar otras amistades, ya que estás dedicando espacio que podrías usar en amigos que realmente te llenan. Como el día no tiene más de 24 horas, es importante centrarse en las amistades que impactan positivamente nuestra vida.

Si decides que es hora finalizar la amistad, Jackson recomienda una fórmula de tres pasos para abordar la conversación:

* Demuestra que tomó decisión de manera consciente. Puede decir: "Escucha, he estado pensando mucho últimamente...".

* Explica tus necesidades sin culpar a la otra persona. Usa el pronombre "yo" tanto como puedas, en lugar de "nunca estás cuando te necesito...", trata de decir algo como: "Necesito amistades en mi vida que puedan priorizarme y apoyarme en momentos de necesidad".

Audiencia pública y aprobación de la enmienda sustancial al

Plan de Acción Anual del año fiscal 2019-2020

Audiencia pública y aprobación de la enmienda sustancial al Plan de Acción Anual del año fiscal 2019-2020

Consulte el sitio web del Departamento de Vivienda, http://www.sanjoseca.gov/ housingconplan para encontrar copias electrónicas, o llame al (408) 793-5542 o al (408) 2949337 (TTY) para obtener copias en papel

Housing and Community Development Commission (Comisión de Vivienda y Desarrollo Comunitario)

Ciudad de San José - Vivienda

200 E. Santa Clara St. Piso 12 (Torre)

Qué Quién Dónde Cuándo Publicación de las enmiendas sustanciales propuestas al PAA del año fiscal 2019-2020 Inicio del período de comentarios públicos de 30 días

Período de comentarios públicos: 23 de abril de 2023 al 23 de mayo de 2023

* Díle cuánto le aprecias y cuál es tu intención para seguir adelante. Podrías decir: "He apreciado mucho nuestra relación, y has sido una parte muy integral de mi vida. Sin embargo, no podré mantener esta amistad de la misma manera que lo he hecho antes".

Reunión en líneahttps://www.sanjoseca. gov/your-government/departments-offices/housing/ housing-community-development-commission/agendas-synopses

Consejo Municipal de San José Ayuntamiento de San José 200 E. Santa Clara Street Reunión en línea - https:// www.sanjoseca.gov/news-stories/watch-a-meeting

11 de mayo de 2023, a partir de las 5:45 p. m.

23 de mayo de 2023, a partir de la 1:30 p. m.

Las fechas de las reuniones pueden estar sujetas a cambios. Consulte en http://www.sanjoseca.gov/housingconplan para ver las actualizaciones.

INFORMACIÓN DE CONTACTO: Si tiene preguntas o comentarios sobre el Proyecto de Enmiendas Sustanciales al Plan de Acción Anual del Año Fiscal 2019-2020, póngase en contacto con Stephanie Gutowski en el (408) 535-3500 o en stephanie.gutowski@ sanjoseca.gov

PARA RESIDENTES QUE HABLAN ESPAÑOL: Si tiene preguntas o comentarios sobre el Proyecto de Enmiendas Sustanciales al Plan de Acción Anual del Año Fiscal 2019-2020, póngase en contacto con Luisa Cantu en el (408) 535-8357.

THÔNG TIN LIÊN LẠC:: Nếu quý vị có những câu hỏi hay ý kiến liên quan đến Bản Dự Thảo Báo Cáo Thẩm Định Thành Quả Hàng Năm (CAPER) và Bản Dự Thảo Về Những Thay Đổi Kế Hoạch Đáng Kể Hàng Năm cho Tài Khoá 2019-2020, xin vui lòng liên lạc cô Janie Lê qua số điện thoại (408) 975-4414 hoặc qua điện thư Janie.le@sanjose.ca.gov

使用華語的聖荷西居民：此通知是市府2019-2020 綜合年度績效報告和2019-2020 年度計劃的重要改變。此通知提供公聽會的日期 以及公眾的檢閱和建議。詳細資料，請電，華語 Ann Tu (408) 975-4450.

CNSB#3689869

"A veces, dejar ir es el primer paso para crear un círculo de amistad más fuerte", explica Jackson. "Terminar una amistad que ya no aporta no nos hace malos ni desleales. Al contrario, crea espacio a fin de que ambas partes estén mejor preparadas para invitar nuevas conexiones a sus vidas".

Si las cosas han cambiado en tu vida y sientes que tal vez un amigo ha perdido su significado, Jackson sugiere hacer las cosas con el propósito de formar nuevas amistades, ya sea uniéndote a actividades grupales, pidiéndoles a "amigos de amigos" que participen en tu próximo evento, o descargando Bumble For Friends, el modo de búsqueda de amistades en la aplicación Bumble. Al abrirte al mundo, estarás en el camino correcto para crear un círculo social más fuerte a tu alrededor.

Para obtener más consejos de expertos sobre cómo construir (y mantener) amistades sólidas, visita bumble.com/bff.

* La investigación fue encargada por Bumble y llevada a cabo en línea por Censuswide en febrero de 2023, con una muestra de más de 1,000 adultos estadounidenses que han realizado cursos universitarios o están actualmente en la Universidad.

Photo Credit: Pexels

Photo Credit: BPT

A CALIFORNIA LAW FORCED POLICE TO RELEASE SHOOTING FOOTAGE. NOW VIDEOS FOLLOW THE SAME SCRIPT

California law requires law enforcement agencies to release body cam footage of police shootings. Many departments shape

Nigel Duara CalMatters

KenPritchett clicks his mouse and the logo of a Southern California police department pops up on a computer monitor the width of his shoulders. Another click and the image flips to a three-dimensional map. A glowing orange arrow indicates the direction a man ran as he tried to evade police.

“Right here, this is the path he took in the alley,” Pritchett said, switching from the map to a still image highlighting an object in the man’s hand. “Then you can see him turn toward the officers. He wants to die. This is suicide.”

This incident, like all of the videos Pritchett produces in his home office, ended in a police shooting. Pritchett has made more than 170 of these for police departments and sheriff’s offices, mostly in California.

The video flips again, this time to the display of a shuddering body camera worn by an officer sprinting down an alley. Commands are yelled, the person being chased lifts an object with his right hand, police fire their weapons, the man falls down.

The video isn’t much different from hundreds of others produced since California passed a law in 2018 mandating police departments release body camera footage within 45 days of any incident when an officer fires a gun, or uses force that leads to great bodily injury or death. Like most other critical incident videos released by law enforcement agencies after a shooting, this one is a heavily edited version of the original raw video, created by one of the private contractors that went into business editing police footage after the law went into effect.

Pritchett, who makes more of these videos than any other private contractor in California, asked CalMatters not to disclose the name of the police department in order to preserve their business relationship.

The law has some exceptions, allowing departments to withhold video if it would endanger the investigation or put a witness at risk. Law enforcement departments often cite those reasons when regularly denying records requests by CalMatters and other news organizations. Of the 36 fatal police shooting cases since July 2021 being tracked by CalMatters, only three have responded with even partial records.

Instead, the public and the media must rely on edited presentations that often include a highlighted or circled object in a person’s hand, slowed-down video to show the moments when the person may have pointed the object at police and transcriptions of the body camera’s audio.

They are also the only documentation of a fatal police encounter that the public will see for months, or years, or maybe ever.

Since the advent of cell phone cameras and, later, police-worn body cameras, the public has had detailed access to violent police encounters in a way it never had before. After incidents including the livestream of the aftermath of the Minnesota police shooting of Philando Castile in 2016 and the helicopter

footage of the Sacramento police shooting of Stephon Clark in 2018, states including California passed a host of laws aimed at using that technology to better judge the actions of officers.

Critics allege that the problem with the condensed, heavily-edited version of the body camera footage released by law enforcement agencies is that they shape public opinion about a person’s death or injury at the hands of the police long before the department in question releases all the facts in the case or the full, raw video.

They also point to particular incidents in which a department erased or failed to transcribe audio critical to understanding the case, did not make clear which officers fired their gun or cut the video at a critical moment. In one case, Los Angeles journalist Sahra Sulaiman has taken apart multiple videos released by the Los Angeles Police Department and found irregularities that she asserts are deliberate manipulations meant to justify officers’ actions. In response, she said the LAPD ignores her or directs her back to the video.

“To only release an edited version is not what we think is called for from the defendant’s point of view,” said Stephen Munkelt, executive director of California Attorneys for Criminal Justice, a Sacramento-based association of criminal defense attorneys. “If they’re editing things out, it’s probably the stuff that’s beneficial to the defendant.”

He also worries about the impact of the release of the body camera footage on a potential jury pool. Still, Munkelt said, some video is better than none, if only because defense attorneys have more grounds to ask a judge for the full, unedited video.

Former journalist working with California police

In response to the 2018 body camera law, a cottage industry has emerged to produce these videos, though several larger law enforcement agencies produce theirs in-house. Pritchett works for Critical Incident Video, founded, not coincidentally, when the law

went into effect in 2019. According to emails obtained by The Appeal and The Vallejo Sun, Critical Incident Video charges $5,000 per video.

Pritchett is a former journalist, and insists that he applies the same scrutiny and objectivity to these videos, paid for by police departments, that he did in his former life as a television reporter and anchor in Fresno and Sacramento.

“Virtually every article we’ve seen about what we do, somebody accuses us of spinning for the police department, but I have yet to ever see an example put forward that shows that we’re spinning anything,” he said. “And if they did, tell me, for God’s sakes. My entire goal is to make these straight, spin-free.”

Not every department uses Critical Incident Video, but for the dozens that do, Pritchett’s style is unmistakable: first, the map, then usually a transcription of 911 calls, then the body camera video. Pritchett said that, if he’s done his job well, he can help head off conflict between a law enforcement agency and the public.

“I think the main issue now is people come jumping to conclusions about what happened before they’ve seen the video, which is why we recommend that (law enforcement) always get that video out there as quickly as possible,” Pritchett said. “We have done quite a few videos where there was a social media public narrative about something that happened and the video clearly shows that that didn’t happen.”

Pritchett said that, before he made his first video, he learned by watching the videos that departments produced internally. He did not like what he saw.

“Basically, what we saw was the LAPD’s videos, and I didn’t like them … I probably shouldn’t have said that,” he said with a laugh. “But I remember seeing mugshots. I remember seeing information that was not really relevant (like) previous charges. I remember thinking the whole (video) that someone had a gun, until they told me at the end that it was

actually not a gun.”

So, he has rules. He will not refer to the person who was shot as a “suspect”. He will not use mugshots of the person who was shot. He will not display previous charges or convictions of the person shot, even if the department asks him to – something that he said cost his company a client when the police department insisted on including it. If an object was later found to be anything other than a gun, he demands that the departments tell viewers that up front.

“Virtually every article we’ve seen about what we do, somebody accuses us of spinning for the police department, but I have yet to ever see an example put forward that shows that we’re spinning anything.”

-KEN PRITCHETT, VIDEO EDITOR FOR A CALIFORNIA POLICE DEPARTMENT

Critical Incident Video’s process usually begins hours after a shooting. The police department or sheriff’s office will call Pritchett and send the raw footage, along with any witness video the agency has obtained. He combs through it, picking out the parts he believes are important.

He reads the initial police press release –“which is often incorrect,” he said – then reads any related media reports. He transcribes the audio of the body camera, creates a 3D map showing where the encounter began and writes a prospective script if one is requested, then tells the police to put it in their own words.

Pritchett said he pushes back against departments. Sometimes in a press release, agencies will say they immediately rendered first aid to a person they shot, but the video shows a delay.

“Sometimes that becomes a point of contention,” Pritchett said. “I’m looking at the video and say, well, how do you define immediate? We’ll change that. Like I said, we have to fight.”

The California Police Chiefs Association and the California State Sheriffs’ Association did not return voicemails from CalMatters for this story.

Assemblymember Phil Ting, a San Francisco Democrat who wrote the 2018 body camera law, said he has no problem with the condensed videos provided by law enforcement agencies after a shooting, because they’re much better than what was made public before the law.

“After the legislation was passed into law, we’ve seen so much more released and so much more video,” Ting said. “If a department is articulating why they acted in a particular way, that’s a good thing. They work for the public and we want accountability.”

Michele Hanisee, president of the Los Angeles Association of Deputy District Attorneys, said the release of the videos is a balancing act, forcing prosecutors to weigh the benefit of transparency against the potential harm of prejudicing the jury pool.

“While transparency promotes public confidence in the conduct of law enforce-

those images into stories they want to tell.

Photo Credit: Illustration by Julie Hotz for CalMatters

ment,” Hanisee wrote in an email to CalMatters, “the pre-trial release of evidence has the potential to influence the testimony of witnesses, create bias in potential jurors, or create an environment that could justify a change in venue.”

Replaying LAPD shooting videos

Three hundred and sixty miles south of Pritchett’s Sacramento home office, Sulaiman, a communities editor for StreetsBlog Los Angeles, is in front of her own monitor, squeezed into the two-foot patch of carpet between her couch and a knee-high table on which her laptop is perched.

Her eyes, reflected back in the dark blue of a police uniform on screen, dart back and forth between the video released by the LAPD and the time code. She rewinds, presses play, pauses the video, rewinds again.

“Did you hear it?” she asks, then presses play on the video from December 2021. “Listen again.”

On screen is Margarito Lopez, a developmentally disabled 22-year-old sitting on a set of short stairs, holding a meat cleaver, bathed in blue and red light. Several LAPD patrol cars are parked in front of him, the officers shouting at him to drop the cleaver, as they have for at least five minutes.

Lopez stands. The police continue to shout in English and in Spanish. He holds the cleaver over his head. The body camera video’s transcription matches the words of the officers: “Hey, drop it, drop it, stop right there!”

Seconds later, officers fire

live rounds, killing Lopez. Sulaiman rewinds again and turns up the volume on her laptop.

This time, a piece of audio that wasn’t transcribed by the LAPD is clear: “Forty, stand by.”

Forty, in this case, is code for a less-lethal foam projectile, a warning to other officers that what they’re about to hear are not lethal rounds.

“The protocol demands that they give the warning and then everybody stand down, wait to see what effect it has,” she said. “So he gives the warning and if you don’t know what you’re listening for, you just hear shouting. But then I realized that that’s what the warning was, and immediately, as soon as the less lethal is fired, it’s contagious fire because they didn’t hear the warning.”

Without that piece of audio, Sulaiman said, the video makes it appear that Lopez was shot after failing to comply with commands and advancing toward the officers.

“And that’s where they play with these transcriptions a little bit,” she said. “So that’s the kind of thing where if you have this different piece of information, that completely changes what this incident is.”

Sulaiman doesn’t believe the LAPD transcription left out the less-lethal warning by accident. The LAPD did not respond to specific questions from CalMatters about this incident or the video transcription.

“What these videos have taught me is how really skilled LAPD is at deflecting attention at deeper structural reform, that they are very good at pointing the finger.”

-SAHRA SULAIMAN, COMMUNITIES EDITOR FOR STREETSBLOG LOS ANGELES

Since the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police in May 2020, Sulaiman has focused her work almost entirely on police violence.

Among her most thorough investigations was when she found the only evidence that an LAPD sergeant fired his weapon from his vehicle without stopping during a police chase on July 18, despite two other officers determining moments earlier that the man being chased didn’t have a gun.

The video never made clear which officer fired the shot that wounded 39-year-old Jermaine Petit, but in the reflection in the glass of the sergeant’s patrol car dashboard, she saw him holding up his gun and pointing it out the passenger side window. At the time of the shooting, the sergeant’s arm jerks backward. She said she had to watch the video several times, including at onequarter speed, before she noticed the reflection.

She acknowledges that police have a difficult job in often-chaotic circumstances, trying to make life-or-death decisions. But that, she said, is their job.

“A lot of times they’ll say, oh, when we put civilians through these active shooter sort of scenarios, they just fire willy-nilly at people,” she said. “Well, yeah, ‘cause I’m not f——- trained.

“And when you go secondby-second through these, it is certainly a lot easier to play Monday morning quarterback. But you also see that LAPD is doing the same thing when they’re constructing these narratives.”

Sulaiman said the videos themselves are a mixed bag of consequences. She’s glad that there is some video evidence of the shootings released, but said the format is ripe for manipulation by the police.

“What these videos have taught me is how really skilled LAPD is at deflecting attention at deeper structural reform,” she said. “That they are very good at pointing the finger, at localizing blame on the things that take the least amount of tweaking to fix and deflecting any kind of interest in questions of structural reform.”

Both Sulaiman and Pritchett, in their respective jobs, have had to watch hours and hours of people being shot. The images they see are not blurred. People lie dying in pools of blood, people ask why they were shot, people shout for their mothers.

“It’s tough,” Sulaiman said. “I don’t know what else to say about it.”

When asked how viewing those videos affects him, Pritchett paused for several seconds, started to speak, stopped himself, then started again.

“To be determined.”

Kenneth Pritchett edits video at his home in Sacramento on March 31, 2023.

Photo Credit: Miguel Gutierrez Jr. / CalMatters

UNA LEY DE CALIFORNIA OBLIGÓ A LA POLICÍA A PUBLICAR IMÁGENES DE DISPAROS. AHORA LOS VIDEOS SIGUEN EL MISMO CAMINO

La ley de California requiere que las agencias de aplicación de la ley publiquen imágenes de cámaras corporales de tiroteos policiales. Muchos departamentos dan forma a esas imágenes en historias que quieren contar.

Nigel Duara CalMatters

KenPritchett hace clic con el mouse y el logotipo de un departamento de policía del sur de California aparece en un monitor de computadora del ancho de sus hombros. Otro clic y la imagen cambia a un mapa tridimensional. Una flecha naranja brillante indica la dirección en la que corrió un hombre mientras intentaba evadir a la Policía.

“Justo aquí, este es el camino que tomó en el callejón”, dijo Pritchett, cambiando del mapa a una imagen fija que destaca un objeto en la mano del hombre. “Entonces puedes verlo girar hacia los oficiales. Él quiere morir. Esto es suicidio”.

Este incidente, como todos los videos que produce Pritchett en la oficina de su casa, terminó en un tiroteo policial. Pritchett ha fabricado más de 170 de estos para departamentos de Policía y oficinas del Sheriff, principalmente en California.

El video cambia de nuevo, esta vez a la pantalla de una cámara corporal temblorosa que usa un oficial que corre por un callejón. Se gritan órdenes, el perseguido levanta un objeto con la mano derecha, los policías disparan, el hombre cae.

El video no es muy diferente de cientos de otros producidos desde que California aprobó una ley en 2018 que exige que los departamentos de Policía publiquen imágenes de la cámara corporal dentro de los 45 días posteriores a cualquier incidente en el que un oficial dispare un arma o use la fuerza que provoque lesiones corporales graves o la muerte. Como la mayoría de los otros videos de incidentes críticos publicados por las fuerzas del orden después de un tiroteo, este es una versión muy editada del video original sin procesar, creado por uno de los contratistas privados que se dedicaron a editar imágenes policiales después de que la ley entró en vigencia.

Pritchett, que hace más de estos videos que cualquier otro contratista privado en California, pidió a CalMatters que no revelara el nombre del departamento de Policía para preservar su relación comercial.

La ley tiene algunas excepciones, que permiten a los departamentos retener el video si pondría en peligro la investigación o pondría en riesgo a un testigo. Los departamentos encargados de hacer cumplir la ley a menudo citan esos motivos cuando deniegan regularmente las solicitudes de registros de CalMatters y otras organizaciones de noticias. De los 36 casos fatales de disparos policiales desde julio de 2021 que CalMatters está rastreando, solo tres han respondido con registros parciales.

En su lugar, el público y los medios deben confiar en presentaciones editadas que a menudo incluyen un objeto resaltado o dentro de un círculo en la mano de una persona, videos ralentizados para mostrar los momentos en los que la persona pudo haber apuntado el objeto a la Policía y transcripciones del audio de la cámara corporal.

También son la única documentación de un encuentro policial fatal que el público verá durante meses, o años, o tal vez nunca.

Desde el advenimiento de las cámaras de los teléfonos celulares y, más tarde, las cámaras

corporales de la policía, el público ha tenido acceso detallado a encuentros policiales violentos como nunca antes. Después de incidentes que incluyeron la transmisión en vivo de las secuelas del tiroteo de Philando Castile por parte de la policía de Minnesota en 2016 y las imágenes del helicóptero del tiroteo de Stephon Clark por parte de la policía de Sacramento en 2018, los estados, incluido California, aprobaron una serie de leyes destinadas a utilizar esa tecnología para juzgar mejor a los acciones de los oficiales.

Los críticos alegan que el problema con la versión condensada y muy editada de las imágenes de la cámara corporal publicadas por las fuerzas del orden público es que dan forma a la opinión pública sobre la muerte o lesiones de una persona a manos de la Policía mucho antes de que el departamento en cuestión publique toda la información. hechos en el caso o el video completo y sin procesar.

También señalan incidentes particulares en los que un departamento borró o no transcribió un audio crítico para comprender el caso, no aclaró qué oficiales dispararon su arma o cortaron el video en un momento crítico. En un caso, la periodista de Los Ángeles Sahra Sulaiman desarmó varios videos publicados por el Departamento de Policía de Los Ángeles y encontró irregularidades que, según ella, son manipulaciones deliberadas destinadas a justificar las acciones de los oficiales. En respuesta, dijo que LAPD la ignora o la dirige de nuevo al video.

“Lanzar solo una versión editada no es lo que creemos que se requiere desde el punto de vista del acusado”, dijo Stephen Munkelt, director ejecutivo de Abogados de Justicia Criminal de California, una asociación de abogados defensores criminales con sede en Sacramento. “Si están editando las cosas, es probable que sean las cosas las que beneficien al acusado”.

También le preocupa el impacto de la publicación de las imágenes de la cámara corporal en un posible grupo de jurados. Aun así, dijo Munkelt, algo de video es mejor que nada, aunque solo sea porque los abogados defensores tienen más motivos para pedirle a un juez el video completo y sin editar.

Ex periodista que trabaja con la Policía en California

En respuesta a la ley de cámaras corporales de 2018, surgió una industria artesanal para producir estos videos, aunque varias agencias policiales más grandes producen los suyos internamente. Pritchett trabaja para Critical Incident Video, fundada, no por casualidad, cuando la ley entró en vigencia en 2019. Según los correos electrónicos obtenidos por The Appeal y The Vallejo Sun, Critical Incident Video cobra $5,000 por video.

Pritchett es un ex periodista e insiste en que aplica el mismo escrutinio y objetividad a estos videos, pagados por los departamentos de policía, que aplicó en su vida anterior como reportero de televisión y presentador en Fresno y Sacramento.

“Prácticamente en todos los artículos que hemos visto sobre lo que hacemos, alguien nos acusa de manipular para el departamento de policía, pero todavía no he visto un ejemplo presentado que demuestre que estamos manipulando algo”, dijo. “Y si lo hicieron, dímelo, por el amor de Dios. Todo mi objetivo es hacerlos rectos, sin giros”.

No todos los departamentos utilizan Critical Incident Video, pero para las docenas que lo hacen, el estilo de Pritchett es inconfundible: primero, el mapa, luego, por lo general, una transcripción de las llamadas al 911 y luego el video de la cámara del cuerpo. Pritchett dijo que, si ha hecho bien su trabajo, puede ayudar a evitar el conflicto entre una agencia de aplicación de la ley y el público.

“Creo que el problema principal ahora es que las personas llegan a conclusiones precipitadas sobre lo que sucedió antes de ver el video, por lo que recomendamos que (las fuerzas del orden público) siempre publiquen ese video lo más rápido posible”, dijo Pritchett. “Hemos hecho bastantes videos en los que hubo una narrativa pública en las redes sociales sobre algo que sucedió y el video muestra claramente que eso no sucedió”.

Pritchett dijo que, antes de hacer su primer video, aprendió viendo los videos que los departamentos producían internamente. No le gustó lo que vio.

“Básicamente, lo que vimos fueron los videos

del Departamento de Policía de Los Ángeles, y no me gustaron… Probablemente no debí haber dicho eso”, dijo riéndose. “Pero recuerdo haber visto fotos policiales. Recuerdo haber visto información que no era realmente relevante (como) cargos anteriores. Recuerdo haber pensado todo el (video) que alguien tenía un arma, hasta que al final me dijeron que en realidad no era un arma”.

Entonces, él tiene reglas. No se referirá a la persona que recibió el disparo como “sospechoso”. No utilizará fotografías policiales de la persona que recibió el disparo. No mostrará los cargos o condenas anteriores de la persona baleada, incluso si el departamento se lo pide, algo que, según dijo, le costó un cliente a su empresa cuando el departamento de policía insistió en incluirlo. Si luego se descubre que un objeto no es un arma, exige que los departamentos se lo digan a los espectadores desde el principio. “Prácticamente en todos los artículos que hemos visto sobre lo que hacemos, alguien nos acusa de manipular para el departamento de policía, pero todavía no he visto un ejemplo presentado que demuestre que estamos manipulando cualquier cosa”.

-KEN PRITCHETT, EDITOR DE VIDEO PARA UN DEPARTAMENTO DE POLICÍA DE CALIFORNIA

El proceso de Critical Incident Video generalmente comienza horas después de un tiroteo. El departamento de policía o la oficina del alguacil llamarán a Pritchett y le enviarán las imágenes en bruto, junto con cualquier video de testigo que haya obtenido la agencia. Lo revisa, eligiendo las partes que cree que son importantes.

Lee el comunicado de prensa inicial de la policía, “que a menudo es incorrecto”, dijo, y luego lee los informes de los medios relacionados. Él transcribe el audio de la cámara corporal, crea un mapa 3D que muestra dónde comenzó el encuentro y escribe un posible guión si se le solicita, luego le dice a la policía que lo ponga en sus propias palabras.

Pritchett dijo que se opone a los departamentos. A veces, en un comunicado de prensa, las agencias dicen que inmediatamente prestaron primeros auxilios a una persona a la que dispararon, pero el video muestra un retraso.

“A veces eso se convierte en un punto de discusión”, dijo Pritchett. “Estoy mirando el video y digo, bueno, ¿cómo defines inmediato? Cambiaremos eso. Como dije, tenemos que luchar”.

La Asociación de Jefes de Policía de California y la Asociación de Sheriffs del Estado de California no respondieron los mensajes de voz de CalMatters para esta historia.

El asambleísta Phil Ting, un demócrata de San Francisco que redactó la ley de cámaras corporales de 2018, dijo que no tiene ningún problema con los videos resumidos proporcionados por las fuerzas del orden después de un tiroteo, porque son mucho mejores que lo que se hizo público ante la ley.

“Después de que la legislación se convirtió en ley, hemos visto mucho más publicado y mucho más video”, dijo Ting. “Si un departamento está articulando por qué actuó de una manera particular, eso es algo bueno. Trabajan para el público y queremos responsabilidad”.

Michele Hanisee, presidenta de la Asociación de Fiscales Adjuntos de Distrito de Los

Kenneth Pritchett edita un video en su casa en Sacramento el 31 de marzo de 2023. Photo Credit: Miguel Gutierrez Jr. / CalMatters

Ángeles, dijo que la publicación de los videos es un acto de equilibrio que obliga a los fiscales a sopesar el beneficio de la transparencia frente al daño potencial de perjudicar al jurado.

“Si bien la transparencia promueve la confianza del público en la conducta de las fuerzas del orden”, escribió Hanisee en un correo electrónico a CalMatters, “la publicación de pruebas antes del juicio tiene el potencial de influir en el testimonio de los testigos, crear prejuicios en los posibles jurados o crear un entorno eso podría justificar un cambio de sede”.

Reproducción de vídeos de tiroteos de LAPD

Trescientas sesenta millas al sur de la oficina central de Pritchett en Sacramento, Sulaiman, editora de comunidades de StreetsBlog Los Ángeles, está frente a su propio monitor, apretujada en el trozo de alfombra de dos pies entre su sofá y una mesa hasta la rodilla en la que su computadora portátil está encaramada.

Sus ojos, reflejados en el azul oscuro de un uniforme de policía en la pantalla, van y vienen entre el video publicado por LAPD y el código de tiempo. Ella rebobina, presiona play, pausa el video, rebobina de nuevo.

“¿Lo escuchaste?” pregunta, luego presiona reproducir en el video de diciembre de 2021. “Escucha de nuevo”.

En la pantalla está Margarito López, un joven de 22 años con discapacidades de desarrollo sentado en unas escaleras cortas, sosteniendo un cuchillo de carnicero, bañado en luz azul y roja. Varios patrulleros de LAPD están estacionados frente a él, los oficiales le gritan que suelte el cuchillo, como lo han hecho durante al menos

cinco minutos.

López se pone de pie. La policía sigue gritando en inglés y en español. Sostiene el cuchillo sobre su cabeza. La transcripción del video de la cámara corporal coincide con las palabras de los oficiales: “¡Oye, suéltalo, suéltalo, detente ahí mismo!”

Segundos después, los oficiales disparan sus armas de fuego y matan a López. Sulaiman rebobina de nuevo y sube el volumen de su computadora portátil.

Esta vez, un fragmento de audio que no fue transcrito por LAPD es claro: “Cuarenta, espera”. Cuarenta, en este caso, es el código para un proyectil de espuma menos letal, una advertencia para otros oficiales de que lo que están a punto de escuchar no son balas letales.

“El protocolo exige que den la advertencia y luego todos se retiren, esperen a ver qué efecto tiene”, dijo. “Así que da la advertencia y si no sabes lo que estás escuchando, solo escuchas gritos. Pero luego me di cuenta de que esa era la advertencia, e inmediatamente, tan pronto como se dispara el menos letal, es un fuego contagioso porque no escucharon la advertencia”.

Sin esa pieza de audio, dijo Sulaiman, el video hace parecer que López recibió un disparo después de no cumplir con las órdenes y avanzar hacia los oficiales.

“Y ahí es donde juegan un poco con estas transcripciones”, dijo. “Así que ese es el tipo de cosas en las que si tienes esta información diferente, eso cambia completamente lo que es este incidente”.

Sulaiman no cree que la transcripción del De-

partamento de Policía de Los Ángeles omitiera la advertencia menos letal por accidente. LAPD no respondió a preguntas específicas de CalMatters sobre este incidente o la transcripción del video.

“Lo que estos videos me han enseñado es cuán hábil es LAPD para desviar la atención hacia una reforma estructural más profunda, que son muy buenos para señalar con el dedo”.

-SAHRA SULAIMAN, EDITORA DE COMUNIDADES DE STREETSBLOG LOS ANGELES

Desde el asesinato de George Floyd por la policía de Minneapolis en mayo de 2020, Sulaiman ha centrado su trabajo casi por completo en la violencia policial.

Una de sus investigaciones más exhaustivas fue cuando encontró la única evidencia de que un sargento de LAPD disparó su arma desde su vehículo sin detenerse durante una persecución policial el 18 de julio, a pesar de que otros dos oficiales determinaron momentos antes que el hombre perseguido no tenía un arma.

El video nunca aclaró qué oficial disparó el tiro que hirió a Jermaine Petit, de 39 años, pero en el reflejo en el vidrio del tablero de la patrulla del sargento, lo vio sosteniendo su arma y apuntando por la ventana del lado del pasajero. En el momento del disparo, el brazo del sargento se sacude hacia atrás. Dijo que tuvo que ver el video varias veces, incluso a un cuarto de velocidad, antes de notar el reflejo.

Ella reconoce que la policía tiene un trabajo difícil en circunstancias a menudo caóticas, tratando de tomar decisiones de vida o muerte.

Pero eso, dijo, es su trabajo.

“Muchas veces dirán, oh, cuando ponemos a

los civiles en este tipo de escenarios de tiradores activos, simplemente disparan a la gente de cualquier manera”, dijo. “Bueno, sí, porque no estoy bien entrenado”.

“Y cuando los revisas segundo a segundo, ciertamente es mucho más fácil jugar como mariscal de campo el lunes por la mañana. Pero también ves que LAPD está haciendo lo mismo cuando construye estas narrativas”.

Sulaiman dijo que los videos en sí son una mezcla de consecuencias. Está contenta de que se hayan publicado algunas pruebas en video de los tiroteos, pero dijo que el formato está listo para ser manipulado por la policía.

“Lo que estos videos me han enseñado es cuán hábil es LAPD para desviar la atención hacia una reforma estructural más profunda”, dijo. “Que son muy buenos para señalar con el dedo, para localizar la culpa en las cosas que requieren la menor cantidad de ajustes para arreglar y desviar cualquier tipo de interés en cuestiones de reforma estructural”.

Tanto Sulaiman como Pritchett, en sus respectivos trabajos, han tenido que ver horas y horas de disparos de personas. Las imágenes que ven no están borrosas. La gente yace muriendo en charcos de sangre, la gente pregunta por qué les dispararon, la gente grita llamando a sus madres.

“Es difícil”, dijo Sulaiman. “No sé qué más decir al respecto”.

Cuando se le preguntó cómo le afecta ver esos videos, Pritchett hizo una pausa de varios segundos, comenzó a hablar, se detuvo y luego comenzó de nuevo.

“Está por determinarse”.

GROUPS CALL FOR EXPANDING POWER OUTAGE BATTERY-BACKUP PROGRAM

Suzanne Potter & Jennifer McLelland California News Service

Our house lost power a few nights ago, during one of 2023’s record-setting storms. For most people, losing power is a minor inconvenience. For our family, losing power is a medical emergency.

People who use medical devices that depend on electricity need continuous access to electricity. Some of my son’s most critical machines—such as his ventilator—have built-in battery backup. But other machines, like the oxygen concentrator that supplies oxygen to help with breathing and the humidifier that adds moisture to the air from the ventilator, need to be plugged in. Previously when the power went out, I had to scramble to jerry-rig his ventilator circuit to run without many of the accessory machines he usually uses. This required making quick, complicated changes in the dark— putting his health at risk. I then had to quickly figure out a way to get to a place with electricity.

But on this occasion, for the first time, I had access to a portable power station. That meant I was able to simply unplug the machines from the wall and plug them into backup power without the outage affecting my son.

Portable power stations are rechargeable batteries that can provide hours of backup electricity, which is especially important for people who use medical devices or assistive technology. The battery takes up about the same amount of space as a suitcase, and using it is as simple as turning it on and plugging equipment into it. But even though this lifesaving technology exists, most people who need it don’t have access to it because of cost.

The power bank that we used to keep my son’s equipment running overnight was funded by my utility provider, Pacific Gas & Electric’s (PG&E) Disability Disaster Access and Resources Program.

This program pays for portable backup batteries, food replacement, transportation, and hotel stays related to power outages. The program works well—but only a limited number of California residents qualify. It’s only open to disabled PG&E customers who live in high-fire-threat areas subject to Public Safety Power Shutoff, a particular type of planned power outage intended to reduce the risk of wildfires. PG&E’s program isn’t available in the cities where most customers live. Other utilities with these programs have similarly narrow restrictions. Those who live in other states, such as the 1-year-old in New York whose mother had to use a bag valve mask to manually give breaths to her child when the ventilator battery ran out, are also in

need of backup power.

For people who depend on electricity-powered medical devices to live, any power outage is an emergency. When I’m scrambling to change the arrangement of my son’s ventilator circuit in the dark, I don’t care whether the power is out because of a wildfire threat or because a car knocked over a power pole. From a practical standpoint, it doesn’t make sense for one type of outage to be eligible for utility-funded backup power and the other not to be.

Access to electrical power during outages is an equity issue for low-income California residents. The power bank that we used to keep my son’s

equipment running retails for almost $6,000—as much as a decent used car. In California, 26% of people with disabilities live below the poverty level. Families don’t have thousands of dollars to spend on a device that will be used, at most, a few times a year. The sad irony is that because portable power stations are so costly for many families, those who can’t afford them may end up calling 911 during outages and requesting ambulance transportation to a hospital, an even larger expense.

Gasoline-powered generators are cheaper, but not a good option for many disabled people in an emergency. These generators require a well-ventilated outdoor space for safe operation. People who live in apartments typically don’t have access to a place to safely operate gas generators, or a way to store them when not in use. Setting up and operating an outdoor gas-powered generator also requires substantially more strength and agility than using an indoor power station. Using an indoor portable power bank is as easy as bending over to plug equipment into the device.

Access to electrical power during outages is critically important as climate change brings wildfires, hotter summers, and more unpredictable storms. When the power grid fails, it’s an inconvenience for most people, but a matter of life and death for disabled California residents who depend on medical devices that need to be plugged in.

The limited program that utility companies have in place proves they can identify customers who have a medical need for backup power and build a distribution network to get them the devices. California’s public utilities should build on this program and expand it across the state to any consumer who needs continuous power for medical devices.

Jennifer McLelland wrote this article for Yes! Magazine. Broadcast version by Suzanne Potter for California News Service reporting for the Solutions Journalism Network-Public News Service Collaboration

Jennifer McLelland's son James gives a thumbs-up as his ventilator equipment continues to run, thanks to a portable power station used during a recent power outage. Photo Credit: Jennifer McLelland

EARTHTALK Q&A: WEATHER PHENOMENA & GLOBAL WARMING

Dear EarthTalk: Have scientists been able to definitively prove links between global warming and more extreme weather phenomena in recent years, or is this still just a theory? – T.C., Chicago, IL

EARTHTALK Q&A: CALENTAMIENTO GLOBAL Y FENÓMENOS NATURALES

Dear EarthTalk: ¿Han podido demostrar los científicos de forma definitiva la relación entre el calentamiento global y los fenómenos meteorológicos más extremos de los últimos años, o sigue siendo sólo una teoría? - T.C., Chicago, IL

The question of whether science has been able to prove, let alone prove definitively, the connection between climate change and extreme weather is a very tricky one. This is because science is always reluctant to deal in certainty. “You can never have 100 percent proof of anything. There will always be doubt,” reports Jack Fraser, an Oxford-trained astrophysics Ph.D. at the Wellcome Sanger Institute. “Proof can only exist when there is no doubt, and there is always doubt. You could be a brain in a vat, living in a crazy simulation. You could be hallucinating everything. You cannot prove anything.”

Despite this embedded doubt in all things scientific, researchers have opened up a new branch of science called ‘Extreme Event Attribution’ in an attempt to work out the extent of man-made climate change’s culpability. To discern this, scientists begin by setting criteria for what made the event extreme. They then turn to historical climate records and make comparisons with other similar events, checking them against the same criteria. They are looking for a change in the intensity or frequency of a certain extreme event.

If they find a change, they then work out what caused it. To do this, they use models. There are many different types of models; one example is creating two virtual worlds with exactly the same conditions, except one is pumped full of greenhouse gases. These simulations then create thousands of weather scenarios allowing a direct comparison between the polluted world and the non-polluted world. The difference between the two suggests man-made climate change’s culpability in certain weather events.

Although new, this form of science has already gone as far as science permits into proving the role of climate change in certain extreme weather events. “The vast

majority of extreme weather events reviewed by researchers since 2011 – 70 percent – were shown to be more likely to occur, or were made more severe, because of global warming,” Eric Roston and Brian Sullivan report in The Washington Post.

Take the floods in Pakistan in 2020, for instance. The World Weather Attribution scientists say that their “evidence suggests that climate change played an important role in the event, although our analysis doesn’t allow us to quantify how big the role was.” And Frederike Otto, a climatologist from Imperial College London, said that “the fingerprints of global warming [were] evident” in the disaster.

Extreme Event Attribution is a particular science that works on a case-by-case basis, but the trend is clear. Seventy percent of extreme weather events were made more likely or more damaging by manmade issues. Definitive proof will never be offered by science, but most studies point in the same direction: towards global warming.

CONTACTS: NASA Vital Signs: Sea Level, climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/; “There's No Such Thing As Proof In The Scientific World - There's Only Evidence,” forbes.com/sites/quora/2017/12/14/ theres-no-such-thing-as-proof-in-thescientific-world-theres-only-evidence/;

“How Science Links Global Warming To Extreme Weather,” washingtonpost. com/business/energy/how-sciencelinks-global-warming-to-extremeweather/2022/07/18/80b19e1a-06ca11ed-80b6-43f2bfcc6662_story.html.

EarthTalk® is produced by Roddy Scheer & Doug Moss for the 501(c)3 nonprofit EarthTalk. See more at https://emagazine.com. To donate, visit https://earthtalk.org. Send questions to: question@earthtalk.org.

Lacuestión de si la ciencia ha sido capaz de demostrar, por no hablar de demostrar definitivamente, la conexión entre el cambio climático y los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos es muy delicada. Esto se debe a que la ciencia siempre es reacia a hablar de certezas. "Nunca se puede probar nada al cien por cien. Siempre habrá dudas", afirma Jack Fraser, doctor en astrofísica formado en Oxford en el Instituto Wellcome Sanger. "Las pruebas sólo existen cuando no hay dudas, y siempre las hay. Podrías ser un cerebro en una cuba, viviendo en una simulación loca. Podrías estar alucinándolo todo. No se puede demostrar nada".

A pesar de esta duda arraigada en todas las cosas científicas, los investigadores han abierto una nueva rama de la ciencia llamada "Atribución de Eventos Extremos" en un intento de averiguar el grado de culpabilidad del cambio climático provocado por el hombre. Para ello, los científicos empiezan por establecer criterios sobre qué hizo que el fenómeno fuera extremo. A continuación, recurren a los registros climáticos históricos y los comparan con otros fenómenos similares, comparándolos con los mismos criterios. Buscan un cambio en la intensidad o frecuencia de un determinado fenómeno extremo.

Si detectan un cambio, determinan su causa. Para ello utilizan modelos. Hay muchos tipos diferentes de modelos; un ejemplo es la creación de dos mundos virtuales con exactamente las mismas condiciones, excepto que uno está lleno de gases de efecto invernadero. Estas simulaciones crean miles de escenarios meteorológicos que permiten una comparación directa entre el mundo contaminado y el no contaminado.

La diferencia entre ambos sugiere la culpabilidad del cambio climático provocado por el hombre en determinados fenómenos meteorológicos.

Aunque nueva, esta forma de ciencia ya ha llegado todo lo lejos que la ciencia per-

mite para demostrar el papel del cambio climático en determinados fenómenos meteorológicos extremos. "La gran mayoría de los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos revisados por los investigadores desde 2011 -el 70 por ciento- demostraron ser más propensos a ocurrir, o se hicieron más graves, debido al calentamiento global", informan Eric Roston y Brian Sullivan en The Washington Post.

Por ejemplo, las inundaciones de Pakistán en 2020. Los científicos de World Weather Attribution afirman que sus "pruebas sugieren que el cambio climático desempeñó un papel importante en el suceso, aunque nuestro análisis no nos permite cuantificar la magnitud de dicho papel". Y Frederike Otto, climatóloga del Imperial College de Londres, afirmó que "las huellas del calentamiento global [eran] evidentes" en la catástrofe.

La atribución de sucesos extremos es una ciencia particular que funciona caso por caso, pero la tendencia es clara. El 70% de los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos fueron más probables o más dañinos por causas antropogénicas. La ciencia nunca ofrecerá pruebas definitivas, pero la mayoría de los estudios apuntan en la misma dirección: hacia el calentamiento global.

CONTACTOS: NASA Vital Signs: Sea Level, climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/; "There's No Such Thing As Proof In The Scientific World - There's Only Evidence", Forbes. com/sites/quora/2017/12/14/ theres-no-such-thing-as-proof-in-thescientific-world-theres-only-evidence/; "How Science Links Global Warming To Extreme Weather," washingtonpost. com/business/energy/how-sciencelinks-global-warming-to-extremeweather/2022/07/18/80b19e1a-06ca11ed-80b6-43f2bfcc6662_story.html.

EarthTalk® está producido por Roddy Scheer y Doug Moss para la organización sin ánimo de lucro EarthTalk. Más información en https://emagazine.com. Para donar, visite https://earthtalk.org. Envíe sus preguntas a: question@earthtalk.org.

Roddy Scheer & Doug Moss EarthTalk

Roddy Scheer & Doug Moss EarthTalk

Skeptics say you can’t prove anything, but climatologists beg to differ when it comes to proving links between extreme weather and climate change. Photo Credit: George Desipris / Pexels

Los escépticos dicen que no se puede demostrar nada, pero los climatólogos discrepan cuando se trata de probar los vínculos entre los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos y el cambio climático. Photo Credit: Pixabay

Mario Jiménez Castillo El Observador

TAURO CON ARIES

Tauro puede encender la chispa amorosa de Aries casi de inmediato. Si es mujer se sentirá protegida y querida al máximo; y si es hombre gozará de sensualidad, pasión y ternura. Tauro tendrá que satisfacer las fantasías sexuales de Aries, ya que este último necesita de constante novedad para sentirse atraído a su pareja. Por otro lado, a Tauro no le es fácil ser totalmente fiel. Cuidando el carácter de ambos, y evitando discusiones por celos, esta relación puede tener futuro.

TAURO CON TAURO

Los dos suelen ser tranquilos y muy equilibrados. Pensando siempre en superarse y progresar, juntos pueden llegar a alcanzar un buen nivel económico y social. Los únicos inconvenientes serán el carácter explosivo de los dos, y que siempre querrán tener la última palabra en todo lo que hagan; además, les disgusta que les gobiernen o que se tomen decisiones sin consultar a la pareja. Corrigiendo estos detalles la relación puede progresar y convertirse en algo serio.

TAURO CON GÉMINIS

Tauro pondrá un toque de estabilidad, en la filosófica inquietud de Géminis, le hará sentirse respaldado, querido y admirado. Por su parte Géminis, llenará de originalidad y fantasía el mundo

PRESAGIOS ROMÁNTICOS PARA TAURO

laborioso y metódico de Tauro. Sexualmente tendrán mucho que descubrir y experimentar en la cama. Esta relación puede ser armoniosa, feliz y muy apasionada, siempre y cuando ambos estimulen los deseos y preferencias del otro.

TAURO CON CÁNCER

La nobleza del espíritu de Cáncer, colmará de satisfacciones y recompensas el sentido práctico de Tauro. Para Cáncer la familia es lo primero, para Tauro la estabilidad económica, factores que pueden incrementar la química de pareja. Para que exista una verdadera complementación, Cáncer tendrá que apoyar a Tauro en todas sus decisiones, y Tauro deberá adaptarse a la ultra sensibilidad que muestra ocasionalmente, el nativo del signo Cáncer.

TAURO CON LEO

Es probable que sea relativamente fácil, llegar a un acuerdo sentimental entre ambos signos, aunque los dos quieren mandar, y creen que siempre tienen la razón, así que las discusiones y desacuerdos se pronostican desde el principio. Las relaciones íntimas prolongadas tenderán siempre a salvar la relación en momentos críticos. Para que puedan llegar a formar un hogar feliz, ambos deben de tener gustos, cultura similar, y sobre todo amigos en común.

TAURO CON VIRGO

Comparten sentimientos, afinidades y

deseos tanto en lo laboral como en el aspecto espiritual. La relación puede resultar feliz y placentera, teniendo cuidado con la competencia profesional. También huyendo de la monotonía que el trabajo y las obligaciones familiares lleguen a provocar, porque ambos factores, podrían llegar a congelar el ambiente sensual y romántico que les unió, cuando recién se conocieron.

TAURO CON LIBRA

Los dos son hijos de Venus, el planeta que rige el amor, así que compartirán sensualidad, gustos estéticos, amor a la comodidad, el lujo y la buena mesa, lo que puede propiciar desde el comienzo una unión ideal y perdurable. Si ambos se esfuerzan por lograr y mantener la comodidad doméstica, y la abundancia financiera que desean en la vida, permanecerán juntos, y no

habrá nada ni nadie que pueda separarlos.

TAURO CON ESCORPIÓN

Una relación seria dependerá mucho de la confianza que lleguen a tenerse, porque ambos son celosos y posesivos al extremo. Juntos podrán disfrutar del calor del hogar y las reuniones familiares. Es probable que en esta relación exista una pequeña diferencia de edades, que para muchos podría representar una desventaja, pero para ellos será una bendición. Vivirán en eterno romance, y sabrán amarse con gran pasión, si acuerdan ser fieles en la relación.

TAURO CON SAGITARIO

Tauro suele ser tranquilo, apacible y hogareño. Por su parte Sagitario, es un eterno buscador de aventuras, ambos pueden llegar a congeniar perfectamente si se entregan de lleno a la relación. Existirán inconvenientes que podrían enfriar la pasión, porque los celos pueden llegar a ser agobiantes; y en la mayoría de ocasiones, injustificados. Si los dos llegan a la conclusión, que es más importante el amor que los une que las diferencias que les separan, entonces serán una pareja feliz.

TAURO CON CAPRICORNIO

Dos signos de tierra que necesitan tener estabilidad económica, para sentirse seguros al entrar en una relación sentimental. La pasión entre ellos será discreta en público, pero

más que intensa en la intimidad. Si desarrollan un buen entendimiento, se apoyarán y lograrán todos los sueños que compartan. El único obstáculo que pueden enfrentar, será los celos que pueden causar turbulencias; además, ambos suelen en ocasiones guardar muchos secretos.

Tauro con Acuario

Dos signos totalmente opuestos en la forma de pensar, amar, sentir y vivir la vida. Las ideas y sueños de ambos, resultan a veces incomprensibles para la pareja. Los dos desean llegar a una meta, por la que luchan y entregan años de su vida, lo que podría constituir un punto de encuentro. En la intimidad romperán con sus propios tabúes. Si deciden ampliar sus horizontes, y estimular sus deseos, consolidaran una relación feliz y perdurable.

TAURO CON PISCIS

Aunque en algunas ocasiones, Tauro puede mostrarse poco demostrativo a la hora de la ternura, Piscis se las ingeniará para crear un ambiente romántico y sensual. Tauro exige sexo constante, y Piscis quiere romance sin parar. Si Tauro deja a un lado la testarudez, y le da un toque sensual a su vida; entonces Piscis, optará por ser más terrenal y aventurero, en ese momento ambos sentirán, que han encontrado definitivamente a la pareja ideal.

Photo Credit: catalyststuff / Freepik

Apartamentos para personas mayores de bajos ingresos. La lista de espera para Wittenberg Manor II se abrirá el Lunes 6/3/2023 y durará 5 semanas hasta el Viernes 7/4/23.

Durante ese tiempo, Wittenberg Manor II aceptará solicitudes de personas mayores de 62 años que cumplan con las pautas de admisión, así como de adultos con problemas de movilidad, mayores de 18 años, que requieran las características de diseño de los apartamentos accesibles.

Para solicitar un paquete de solicitud, llame al 510-785-7201 o acérquese a la oficina de Wittenberg Manor II, de 9:00 a. m. a 12:00 p. m. y de 2:00 p. m. a 4:00 p. m., de Lunes a Viernes, en 713 Bartlett Avenida, Hayward, CA 94541.

El Miércoles 19 de Abril de 2023, a las 10:00 a. m., en el comedor de Wittenberg Manor II, se llevará a cabo una lotería para la colocación en la lista de espera. Le invitamos a asistir a la lotería, pero no está obligado a asistir. Wittenberg Manor II ofrece igualdad de oportunidades de vivienda.

April 14, 21, 28, May 5, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 694248

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Esmeralda’s Jewerly inc., 1789 W San Carlos St, San Jose, CA 95128, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Esmeralda’s Jewerly Inc., 1789 W San Carlos St, San Jose, CA 95128. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/30/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Rocio Infante Esmeralda’s Jewerly Inc. Owner

Business/IT Analyst

Create, update Project Management (PMO) documents with Gantt chart; create wireframes, & mockups using industry standard tools like Balsamiq, Visio, Snagit, Zeppelin, HTML, CSS, JavaScript. Develop CRM profiles, user flows based on user roles & UX strategy. Use project management tools (PPM, SharePoint, Gantt Project, JIRA); Create detailed business analysis artifacts, define business requirements, identify system processes through real-time data analysis. Quality assurance of software products such as IOT apps, AWS products & Azure products. Perform requirements gap analysis, high level, technical design, & SAP integration. Requirements: BS in Computers+6 months of exp. Job location: Santa Clara, CA. Contact: Xekera Systems, 2350 Walsh Ave, Santa Clara, CA 95051

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 694639

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Centro Espiritual Alpha y Omega, 1370 E. Santa Clara St, San Jose, CA 95116, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Maria D.L. Serrano, 6146 Ellerbrook Way, San Jose, CA 95123. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 04/12/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Maria D.L. Serrano

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 04/12/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 694639

April 14, 21, 28, May 5, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 694633

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Latinos Fimbres Beauty Salon 892 Almaden Ave, San Jose, CA 95110, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Virginia Fimbres Beltran, 101 Round Table Dr Apt1, San Jose, CA 95111. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 04/12/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and

correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Virginia Fimbres Beltran

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 04/12/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy File No. FBN 694633

April 14, 21, 28, May 5, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694418

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: DULCERIA CHISPITA

3151 Alum Rock Ave, San Jose, CA 95127, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Claudia Reynada, 2441 Mather Dr, San Jose, CA 95116. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 05/24/2018.

This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file #: FBN642700. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Claudia Reynada

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 04/06/2023. Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Nina Khamphilath, Deputy File No. FBN 694418

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Raigoza’s General Cleaning, 6130 Monterey Hwy Spc 38, San Jose, CA 95138, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Evelyn Ayala, 6130 Monterey Hwy Spc 38, San Jose, CA 95138. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 06/25/2016. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file #: FBN642874. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Evelyn Ayala

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 04/03/2023.

STATEMENT NO. 694501

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: El Camino Laundry, 1095 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95050, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a limited liability company. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): El Camino Laundrette LLC, 1095 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95050. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Odeth Linares El Camino Laundrette LLC Member Article/Reg#: 202356019801

as: NB Mobile Detailing, 230 S Claremont Ave, San Jose, CA 95127, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Norberto Perez, 230 S Claremont Ave, San Jose, CA 95127. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 04/07/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Norberto Perez

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 04/07/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Elaine Fader, Deputy File No. FBN 694496

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 23CV413854

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Olena Serikova INTERESTED

PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s)

Article/Reg#: 4740763

Above entity was formed in the state of CA This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/30/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 694248

April 14, 21, 28, May 5, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694329

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: WTA PATENTS, 3964 Rivermark Plz #1051, Santa Clara, CA 95054, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Dohyun Ahn, 1231 Regency Pl, San Jose, CA 95129. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 04/03/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Dohyun Ahn

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 04/04/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Nina Khamphilath, Deputy File No. FBN 694329

April 14, 21, 28, May 5, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694309

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694309

April 14, 21, 28, May 5, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694308

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: PAWBABIES L.L.C. 5617 Cottle Road, San Jose, CA 95123, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a limited liability company. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): PAWBABIES LLC, 5615 Cottle Road, San Jose, CA 95123. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 08/01/2022. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file#: FBN687505. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Solin Heab

PAW BABIES LLC Owner

Article/Reg#:

202251714907

Above entity was formed in the state of CA This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 04/03/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy

File No. FBN 694308

April 14, 21, 28, May 5, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME

Above entity was formed in the state of CA

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 04/07/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694501

April 14, 21, 28, May 5, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694093

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: JM Flooring, 4033 Hamilton Ave Apt E8, San Jose, CA 95130, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Josue Mijongos, 4033 Hamilton Ave Apt E8, San Jose, CA 95130. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Josue Mijongos This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/27/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694093

April 14, 21, 28, May 5, 2023

FICTITIOUS

BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694496

The following person(s) is (are) doing business

April 14, 21, 28, May 5, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 23CV413032

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Hari Jap Singh Khalsa INTERESTED PERSONS:

1. Petitioner(s) Hari Jap Singh Khalsa has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Hari Jap Singh Khalsa to Peter Connley Lancaster 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date:

07/25/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. March 23, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior

Olena Serikova has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Olena Serikova to Olena Bohonol 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE

OF HEARING: Date:

08/08/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

April 11, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

April 14, 21, 28, May 5, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 23CV413644 Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Ngoc Bich Lien Lu INTERESTED

PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Ngoc Bich Lien Lu has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Ngoc Bich Lien Lu to Emily Lu 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for

CLASSIFIEDS / LEGALS

began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 02/28/2023.

This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Leticia Cuellar

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 02/28/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 693148

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693334

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: COCOA TAX CONSULTING, 750 N King Road Apt 104, San Jose, CA 95133, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Eugenia Paulina Gomez Palacios, 750 N King Road Apt 104, San Jose, CA 95113. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/01/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Eugenia Paulina Gomez Palacios

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/07/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 693334

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

FICTITIOUS

BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694196

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as:

Kati Silva Consulting, 19 Rennie Ave, San Jose, CA 95127, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a limited liability company. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are):

Kati Silva Consulting, 19 Rennie Ave, San Jose, CA 95127. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/29/2023.

This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Katherine Silva Kati Silva Consulting, LLC Owner Article/Reg#: 202355714616

Above entity was formed in the state of CA

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/29/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Elaine fader, Deputy File No. FBN 694196

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694047

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: S.J. AUDIO AND SECURITY, 65 Keyes St, San Jose, CA 95112, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Ofelia Robelledo, 1568 Christopher St, San Jose, CA 95112. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 02/11/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Ofelia Robelledo

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/27/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694047

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693975

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: PARTY DADDY EVENT RENTALS 3971 La Mesa Lane, San Jose, CA 95124, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a married couple. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): John Patrick Solis Lantin, 3971 La Mesa Lane, San Jose, CA 95124. Megan Olivia Lantin, 3971 La Mesa Lane, San Jose, CA 95124. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/22/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ John Patrick Solis

Lantin

This statement was filed with the Co. Clerk-

Recorder of Santa Clara County on 03/23/2023. Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 693975

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 694287

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: AREPAS PAL TIESTO, 338 Shadow Run Dr, San Jose, CA 95110, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a general partnership. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Carol Dalit Castro Cubides, 338 Shadow Run Dr, San Jose, CA 95110. Holmer Sneider Ramos Romero, 338 Shadow Run Dr, San Jose, CA 95110. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 01/30/2023. This filing is a refile [Changes(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file #: FBN692131. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Carol D. Castro Cubides

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 04/03/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Nina Khamphilath, Deputy File No. FBN 694287

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693950

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: SANTANA ROW DENTAL, 374 South Redwood Ave, San Jose, CA 95128, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Hengameh Yousefzadeh, 374 South Redwood Ave, San Jose, CA 95128. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Hengameh Yousefzadeh

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/23/2023. Regina Alcomendras,

County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 693950

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO.

694329

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: WTA PATENTS, 3964 Rivermark Plz #1051, Santa Clara, CA 95054, Santa Clara County This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Dohyun Ahn, 1231 Regency Pl, San Jose, CA 95129. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 04/03/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Dohyun Ahn

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 04/04/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Nina Khamphilath, Deputy File No. FBN 694329

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 694043

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: SUY PRINTS, 210 Oregano Couirt, Morgan Hill, CA 95037, Santa Clara County This business is owned by a corporation. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): SIMPLY UNIQUE YOU CORPORATION, 210 Oregano Couirt, Morgan Hill, CA 95037. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 02/28/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Chhorvon Nguyen SIMPLY UNIQUE YOU CORPORATION CFO

Article/Reg#: C4848576

Above entity was formed in the state of CA This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/27/2023. Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy File No. FBN 694043

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694235

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: N&J Towing, 1882 Kammerer Ave, San Jose, CA 95116, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Jose Cedillo, 1882 Kammerer Ave, San Jose, CA 95116. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/26/2023. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file #: 673448. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Jose Cedillo

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/30/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 694235

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694125

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: VD FOODS, 1952 Drumhead Ct, San Jose, CA 95131, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Vu Thai Do, 1952 Drumhead Ct, San Jose, CA 95131. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/28/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Vu Thai Do

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/28/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694125

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 23CV413391

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Kapsoon Kim INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Kapsoon Kim have filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of

this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Kap Soon Kim to Kevin Taehoon Kim 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 08/01/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

April 03, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 23CV410008

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Tiara Patricia Havelka INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s)

Tiara Patricia Havelka have filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Sofia Grace Paula to Sofia Grace Paula Havelka 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted.

If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 05/23/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy

of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

January 18, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 23CV409618

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Ngoc Que Chau Nguyen INTERESTED PERSONS:

1. Petitioner(s) Ngoc Que Chau Nguyen have filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Ngoc Que Chau Nguyen to Chloe Nguyen 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING:

Date: 05/09/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

Jan 06, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 23CV413328

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Keisha

Seals INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s)

Keisha Seals & Willie Seals have filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Zaniyah Simon to Zaniyah

Seals 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 08/01/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

March 30, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 23CV413332

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Ani Ovsepyan INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Ani Ovsepyan has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Ani Ovsepyan to Anne Ovsepyan 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 08/01/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition

in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

March 30, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 23CV411169

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Antonio Sanchez Flores INTERESTED PERSONS:

1. Petitioner(s) Antonio Sanchez Flores has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Antonio Sanchez Flores to Antonio Flores Sanchez 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE

OF HEARING: Date: 06/13/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

February 16, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

SUMMONS FIFTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT IN AND FOR BEAVER COUNTY STATE OF UTAH CASE NO. 224500033

In the matter of the marriage of VIRGINIA LENORA DIAZ, Petitioners, and MARK ROBERT VINCENT DIAZ, Respondent, Case No. 224500033. A Petition for Divorce has been filed in the Fifth District Court in Beaver County, Utah. You are hereby summoned and required to file an Answer in writing to the Petition for

Divorce with the Clerk of the above entitled Court, located at 2270 South 525 W, Beaver, Utah 84713 and to serve upon, or mail to Jeffery E. Slack, Petitioner’s attorney, at 137 N. Main, Cedar City, Utah 84720, a copy of said Answer, within thirty (31) days after the final printing of this legal notice. If you fail to do so, Judgment by Default will be taken against you for the relief demanded in said Petition, which has been filed with the Clerk of said Court, a copy of which is on file therein.

Dated this 5th day of April, 2023.

/s/ Jeffrey E. Slack Attorney for Petitioner

April 7, 14, 21, 28, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693628

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: SUPER ENCANTO FOOD TRUCK, 4915 Canto Dr Apt #4, San Jose, CA 95124, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Salvador Lopez Angel, 4915 Canto Dr Apt #4, San Jose, CA 95124. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Salvador Lopez Angel

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/14/2023. Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 693628

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694176

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: F.A.C.T. 5655 Silver Creek Valley Road #314, San Jose, CA 95138, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a corporation. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Godly Girls Network, 5655 Silver Creek Valley Road #314, San Jose, CA 95138. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 01/20/2002. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of

previous file #: . “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Donna Edward Godly Girls Network CEO

Article/Reg#: 3362551

Above entity was formed in the state of CA

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/29/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694176

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694173

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: MSWMCT College of Theology SJ, More Sure Word Midwest College of Theology – San Jose, More Sure Word MCT College of Theology SJ, 5655 Silver Creek Valley Road #314, San Jose, CA 95138, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a corporation. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are):

Godly Girls Network, 5655 Silver Creek Valley Road #314, San Jose, CA 95138. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 1/20/2002. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Donna Edward Godly Girls Network CEO

Article/Reg#: 3362551

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/29/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694173

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO.

694177

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Kingdom Worship Center International Church of San Jose, 5665 Silver Creek Valley Rd #314, San Jose, CA 95138, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a corporation. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Godly Girls Network, 5655 Sil-

ver Creek Valley Rd #314, San Jose, CA 95138. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 1/20/2002. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file #: “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Donna Edward Godly Girls Network

Article/Reg#: 3362551

Above entity was formed in the state of CA

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/29/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694177

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694155

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: VIANEY GIBBONS CONSULTING, 826 Clarkston Drive, San Jose, CA 95136, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a limited liability company. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are):

Vianey Enterprises, 826 Clarkston drive, San Jose, CA 95136. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 3/01/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Vianey Gibbons Vianey Enterprises CEO

Article/Reg#:

201935010143

Above entity was formed in the state of CA This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/29/2023. Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694155

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694156

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: THE CLOSET EDIT CO, 826 Clarkston Drive, San Jose, CA 95136, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a limited liability

company. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): VIANEY ENTERPRISES LLC, 826 Clarkston Drive, San Jose, CA 95136. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 08/26/2019. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file #: FBN662014. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ VIANEY GIBBONS

VIANEY ENTERPRISES LLC CEO

Article/Reg#: 20193501043

Above entity was formed in the state of CA

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/29/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694156

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694164

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Ochoa Landscape Services 186 North 9th Street, San Jose, CA 95112, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Franco Yosset Ochoa Carballo, 186 North 9th Street, San Jose, CA 95112. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/28/2023.

This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Franco Y. Ochoa

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/29/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy File No. FBN 694164

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694213

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: RED ROCK WESTERN WEAR 1640 Alum Rock Ave, San Jose, CA 95116, Santa Clara County. This business is owned

by a limited liability company. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are):

FAMILIA MURALLES LLC, 1515 Florida Ave, San Jose, CA 95122. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file #: FBN692682. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Ilda Hernandez

Muralles FAMILIA MURALLES LLC

President

Article/Reg#:

202253414593

Above entity was formed in the state of CA

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/30/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694213

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO.

693955

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: LEGENDZ APPAREL, 200 Carlester Dr, Los Gatos, CA 95032, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a limited liability company. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): RUSSKO, LLC, 200 Carlestred Dr, Los Gatos, CA 95032. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/23/2023.

This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Russell Condie RUSSKO, LLC Manager

Article/Reg#: 202355811888

Above entity was formed in the state of CA

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/23/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy File No. FBN 693955

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693303

The following person(s)

is (are) doing business as: DAZZLING CLEANING, 322 Capitol Village Circle, San Jose, CA 95136, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are):

Sandra Soledad Fernandez Mejia, 322 Capitol Village Circle, San Jose, CA 95136. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/06/2023.

This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Sandra Soledad

Fernandez Mejia

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/06/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy File No. FBN 693303

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693979

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: TT’s Succulent Garden, 1426 Clemence Ave, San Jose, CA 95122, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Phu Nguyen, 1426 Clemence Ave, San Jose, CA 95122. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 05/23/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Phu Nguyen

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/23/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 693979

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693901

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: HOAN MY, 2857 Senter Rd #K, San Jose, CA 95111, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Xuan Trinh, 3613 Mead-

owlands Lane, San Jose, CA 95135. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 08/15/2005. This filing is a refile [Change(s) in facts from previous filing] of previous file #: FBN640936. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Xuan Trinh

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/22/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy File No. FBN 693901

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693258

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: JP PRO CONCRETE, 96 Goodyear St, San Jose, CA 95110, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Juan David Padilla Limón, 96 Goodyear St, San Jose, CA 95110. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/03/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Juan David Padilla Limón

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/03/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 693258

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 694021

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Casa Juana, 7365 Cypress Ave, San Jose, CA 95117, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Juana Gabriela Ruiz Mejia, 3365 Cypress Ave, San Jose, CA 95117. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/24/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement

is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Juana Gabriela Ruiz

Mejia

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/24/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Ronald Nguyen, Deputy File No. FBN 694021

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 694108

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Chuy’s Mobile Car Wash, 543 Miramonte Ave, Morgan Hill, CA 95037, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Jesus Patino Montesano, 543 Miramonte Ave, Morgan Hill, CA 95037. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 03/27/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Jesus Patino Montesano

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/27/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 694108

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 23CV411211

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of:

Sandra Sanchez Calle and Christiam Leoncio Calle INTERESTED

PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s)

Sandra Sanchez Calle and Christiam Leoncio Calle have filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Emma Calle-Sanchez to Emma Sanchez Calle 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must

file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 06/18/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

February 17, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 23CV412347 Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Dang Anh Tu Nguyen INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Dang Anh Tu Nguyen has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Dang Anh Tu Nguyen to Dang Anh Tu Morales 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 07/11/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. March 13, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 23CV411640

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: John David Teneyuca INTERESTED PERSONS:

1. Petitioner(s) John David Teneyuca has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. John David Tenyuca to John David Tenayuca 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date:

06/27/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. March 02, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW

CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 23CV413147

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of:

Harshika Chowdhary

Pathak INTERESTED

PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s)

Harshika Chowdhary

Pathak has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a.(f)

Harshika (m)Chowdhary

(l)Pathak AKA Harshika Chowdhary to (f)

Harshika (l)Chowdhary

(l)Pathak 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name

should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 07/25/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. March 27, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

AMENDED ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 22CV406068

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Danibal Kasbari Reihanabad INTERESTED PERSONS:

1. Petitioner(s) Danibal Kasbari Reihanabad has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Danibal Kasbari Reihanabad to Danibel Kasbari 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 04/11/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the

county of Santa Clara. March 08, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 23CV411348

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Marissa Mendoza INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Marissa Mendoza has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Zhavia Ka’iulani Guerrero to Zhavia Francisca Ka’iulani Mendoza 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 06/20/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

February 22, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

March 31, April 7, 14, 21, 2023

Notice of Petition to Administer Estate of Duke Le Case No. 23PR194399

1.To all heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, contingent creditors, and persons who may be interested in the will or estate, or both, of Duke Le, Duke H. Le. 2. A Petition for Probate has been filed by Wai Man Choi in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara.

3.The Petition for Probate requests Wai Man Choi be appointed as personal representative to administer the estate of the decedent. 5. The petition requests authority

to administer the estate under the Independent Administer of Estate Act. (This authority will allow the personal representative to take any actions without obtaining court approval. Before taking certain very important actions, however, the personal representative will be required to give notice to interested persons unless they have waived notice or consent to the proposed action.) The independent administration authority will be granted unless an interested person Files and objection to the petition and shows good cause why the court should not grant the authority. 6. A hearing on the petition will be held in this court as follows: May 04, 2023, at 9:01am, Dept. 2, located at 191 North First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 7 If you object to the granting of this petition, you should appear at the hearing and state your objections or file written objections with the court before the hearing. Your appearance may be in person or by your attorney. 8. If you are a creditor or contingent creditor of the decedent, you must file your claim with the court and mail a copy to the personal representative appointed by the court within the later of either:

1) four months from the date of first issuance of letters to a general personal representative as defined in section 58(b) of the California Probate Code, or 2) 60 days from the date of mailing or personal delivery to you of a notice under section 9052 of the California Probate Code. Other California statutes and legal authority may affect your rights as a creditor. You may want to consult with an attorney knowledgeable in California law. 9. You may examine the file kept by the court. If you are a person interested in the estate, you may file with the court a Request for Special Notice (form DE-154) of the filing of an inventory and appraisal of estate assets or of any petition or account as provided in Probate Code section 1250. A Request for Special Notice form is available from the court clerk.

10. Attorney for Petitioner: Shahram Miri 80 Gilman Ave Suite 27 Campbell, CA 95008 408-866-8382

Run Date: March 31, April 7, 14, 2023

Notice of Petition to Administer Estate of Scott Alan Getline

Case No.

23PR194359

1.To all heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, contingent

creditors, and persons who may be interested in the will or estate, or both, of Scott Alan Getline. 2. A Petition for Probate has been filed by Michael Rov Getline in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara. 3.The Petition for Probate requests Michael Rov Getline be appointed as personal representative to administer the estate of the decedent. 5. The petition requests authority to administer the estate under the Independent Administer of Estate Act. (This authority will allow the personal representative to take any actions without obtaining court approval. Before taking certain very important actions, however, the personal representative will be required to give notice to interested persons unless they have waived notice or consent to the proposed action.) The independent administration authority will be granted unless an interested person Files and objection to the petition and shows good cause why the court should not grant the authority. 6. A hearing on the petition will be held in this court as follows: April 27, 2023, at 9:01am, Dept. 2, located at 191 North First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 7 If you object to the granting of this petition, you should appear at the hearing and state your objections or file written objections with the court before the hearing. Your appearance may be in person or by your attorney. 8. If you are a creditor or contingent creditor of the decedent, you must file your claim with the court and mail a copy to the personal representative appointed by the court within the later of either:

1) four months from the date of first issuance of letters to a general personal representative as defined in section 58(b) of the California Probate Code, or

2) 60 days from the date of mailing or personal delivery to you of a notice under section 9052 of the California Probate Code. Other California statutes and legal authority may affect your rights as a creditor. You may want to consult with an attorney knowledgeable in California law. 9. You may examine the file kept by the court. If you are a person interested in the estate, you may file with the court a Request for Special Notice (form DE-154) of the filing of an inventory and appraisal of estate assets or of any petition or account as provided in Probate Code section 1250. A Request for Special Notice form is available from the

court clerk.

10. Attorney for Petitioner: Domenic Scire, Esq. 27281 Las Ramblas, Suite 150 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 949-639-0431

Rune Date: March 31, April 7, 14, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693751

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: JSJ Workers, 1177 Sandia Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by a general partnership. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Jose Alfredo Alfaro Malagon, 1177 Sandia Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94089. Juan Manuel Jimenez Garcia, 1177 Sandia Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94089.

The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on N/A. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Jose Alfredo Alfaro

Malagon

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/17/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 693751

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693795

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: REEKS PEST MANAGEMENT, 1501 Berryessa Rd, San Jose, CA 95133, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Luis Felipe Manosalva, 1501 Berryessa Rd, San Jose, CA 95133. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 3/20/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Luis Felipe Manosalva

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/20/2023. Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy

File No. FBN 693795

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 692861

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: MITZY’S SPA PARA MASCOTAS, 82 North Capitol Avenue, San Jose, CA 95127, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are):

Miriam M Tellez Zarate, 82 North Capitol Avenue, San Jose, CA 95127. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 2/21/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Miriam M Tellez Zarate

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 02/21/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Mike Louie, Deputy File No. FBN 692861

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO.

693261

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: Sugar Images 2478 Clyda Dr, San Jose, CA 95116, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Patricia Luna Padilla, 2478 Clyda Dr, San Jose, CA 95116. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 3/03/2023.

This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Patricia Luna Padilla

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/03/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Corinne Vasquez, Deputy File No. FBN 693261

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

NO. 693775

The following person(s) is (are) doing business

as: HYBRID BATTERY

LAB 129 E Latimer Ave Apt 3, San Jose, CA 95008, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Danilo Tovar Hernandez, 129 E Latimer Ave Apt 3, San Jose, CA 95008. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 3/16/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Danilo Tovar Hernandez

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/20/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Patty Camarena, Deputy File No. FBN 693775

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693441

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: ALMZ 1102 Porto Alegre Place, San Jose, CA 95120, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Alma Irene Duran-Heinle, 1102 Porto Alegre Place, San Jose, CA 95120. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 3/08/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Alma Irene DuranHeinle

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/09/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Elaine Fader, Deputy File No. FBN 693441

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693527

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: A.B-Construction, 5384 Larch Grove Place, San Jose, CA 95123, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence ad-

dress of the registrant(s) is (are): Abrahan Barrera, 5384 Larch Grove Place, San Jose, CA 95123. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 3/13/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Abrahan Barrera

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/13/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Elaine Fader, Deputy File No. FBN 693527

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693807

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: OUR LITTLE EARTH, 19094 Myren Ct, Saratoga, CA 95070, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): Barkha Madan Katiyar, 19094 Myren Ct, Saratoga, CA 95070. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 3/15/2023. This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all information in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Barkha Madan Katiyar

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/20/2023.

Regina Alcomendras, County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Elaine Fader, Deputy File No. FBN 693807

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT NO. 693246

The following person(s) is (are) doing business as: TAM HANDYMAN SERVICES, 361 S 22nd St, San Jose, CA 95116, Santa Clara County. This business is owned by an individual. The name and residence address of the registrant(s) is (are): BUU TAN LE, 361 S 22nd St, San Jose, CA 95116. The registrant began transacting business under the fictitious business name(s) listed above on 3/03/2023.

This filing is a first filing. “I declare that all informa-

tion in this statement is true and correct.” (A registrant who declares as true information which he or she knows to be false is guilty of a crime.)

/s/ Buu Tan Le

This statement was filed with the Co. ClerkRecorder of Santa Clara County on 03/03/2023.

Regina

Alcomendras,

County Clerk Recorder

By: /s/ Elaine Fader, Deputy

File No. FBN 693246

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 23CV412975

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Elizbeth Montejo Chavarria INTERESTED PERSONS:

1. Petitioner(s) Elizabeth Montejo Chavarria has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Elizabeth Montejo Chavarria to Elizabeth M. Spindola 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 07/25/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. March 22, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 23CV412577

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Chau Bao Nguyen INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Chau Bao Nguyen has filed a petition for Change

of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Chau Bao Nguyen to Ricky ChauThuan Nguyen 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 07/18/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

March 17, 2023

OF HEARING: Date: 07/18/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

March 16, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

AMENDED ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME

NO. 22CV401827

Woo Lee and Young Eun Ahn INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s)

Jeong Woo Leee and Young Eun Ahn has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Seungmin Lee to Benjamin Seungmin Lee 2. THE COURT

matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING:

Date: 07/18/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. March 20, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

Jacqueline M.

Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 23CV412530

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of:

Shahidul Mohammed Abulkalam INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Shahidul Mohammed Abulkalam has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Shahidul Mohammed Abulkalam to Abulkalam Muhammad Shahidullah 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Elizabeth T. Arevalos INTERESTED PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Elizabeth T. Arevalos has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Elizabeth T. Arevalos to Elizabeth Terrazas Ubillos 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 04/25/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara. March 20, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 23CV412534

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Jeong

ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING: Date: 07/18/2023 at 8:45 am, Probate Dept., located at 191 N. First Street, San Jose, CA 95113. 3. A copy of the Order to Show cause shall be published at least once a week for four successive weeks prior to the date set for hearing on the petition in El Observador, a newspaper of general circulation, printed in the county of Santa Clara.

March 16, 2023

Jacqueline M. Arroyo Judge of the Superior Court

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR CHANGE OF NAME NO. 23CV412812

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara-In the matter of the application of: Laidy Genoveva Mendez Contreras INTERESTED

PERSONS: 1. Petitioner(s) Laidy Genoveva Mendez Contreras has filed a petition for Change of Name with the clerk of this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. Nathan Omar Martinez Mendez to Nathan Omar, Martinez Mendez b. Laidy Genoveva Mendez Contreras to Laidy, Genoveva, Mendez Contreras 2. THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

NOTICE OF DEATH OF Lydia

Jean Wesson

To all heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, contingent creditors, and persons who may otherwise be interested in the will or estate, or both of Lydia Jean Wesson, who was a resident of Santa Clara County, State of California, and died on December 12, 2022, in the Morgan Hill, County of Santa Clara, State of California.

IF YOU ARE A CREDITOR or a contingent creditor of the deceased, you must file your claim within four months from the date of first publication with the DERMER LAW FIRM, 5448 Thornwood Drive, Suite 200, San Jose, California 95123 (408)395-5111.

Joseph D. Dermer, Esq. DERMER LAW FIRM 5448 Thornwood Drive, Ste 200 San Jose, CA 95123 Tel (408) 395-5111 Fax (408) 354-2797

March 24, 31, April 7, 14, 2023

REPORT FINDS BIG DROP IN CHILDREN’S PERCENTAGE OF U.S. POPULATION

Suzanne Potter California News Service

Childrenmade up just 22% of the U.S. population in 2020 - and that's an alltime low, according to a new analysis of census data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation.

The report finds, by contrast, that the nation's children made up 36% of the population in 1960, and 40% in 1900.

Demographer and report co-author Bill O'Hare said American society is aging faster and faster, and younger people are having fewer kids.

"The number of children decreased by over a million between 2010 and 2020," said O'Hare. "And in fact, it's gone down even more steeply over the last couple of years, since 2020."

The report predicts the implications for the future are huge - raising the specter of major shortages in the labor market, which means fewer workers to generate funding for programs that help support retirees, like Medicare and Social Security.

O'Hare said other countries faced with an aging demographic try to encourage bigger families by offering high-quality, free or low-cost healthcare, childcare and preschool.

"The U.S. doesn't do nearly as much as many other countries in terms of supporting families with young children," said O'Hare. "The point being if our country is interested in having more children born, it would be good to think about how we can provide the supportive infrastruc-

INFORME ENCUENTRA UNA GRAN CAÍDA EN EL PORCENTAJE DE NIÑOS EN LA POBLACIÓN DE EE. UU.

millón entre 2010 y 2020", dijo O'Hare. "Y, de hecho, ha disminuido aún más en los últimos años, desde 2020".

El informe predice que las implicaciones para el futuro son enormes -- aumenta el espectro de una gran escasez en el mercado laboral, lo que significa menos trabajadores para generar fondos para programas que ayudan a los jubilados, como Medicare y el Seguro Social.

O'Hare dijo que otros países que se enfrentan a un envejecimiento demográfico intentan alentar a las familias más grandes ofreciendo atención médica, cuidado infantil y preescolar de alta calidad, gratuitos o de bajo costo.

ture for those families."

The data also show the number of non-Hispanic white children has decreased since 2010 - while the populations of children of color have increased in 46 states, plus Washington D.C.

Mayra E. Alvarez, president of the Children's Partnership - based in Los Angeles, said children of color make up roughly 75% of those under 18 in the Golden State.

"These children today are going to be our future entrepreneurs, leaders," said Alvarez, "our future elected. So, the investment in these children is an investment in all of us,

our future."

Suzanne Potter California News Service

Losniños constituían sólo el 22 % de la población de EE. UU. en 2020, lo cual es un mínimo histórico, según un nuevo análisis de los datos del censo de la Fundación Annie E. Casey.

El informe encuentra, por el contrario, que los niños de la nación constituían el 36% de la población en 1960 y el 40% en 1900.

El demógrafo y coautor del informe, Bill O'Hare, dijo que la sociedad estadounidense está envejeciendo cada vez más rápido y que las personas más jóvenes tienen menos hijos.

"La cantidad de niños disminuyó en más de un

"Estados Unidos no hace tanto como muchos otros países en términos de apoyo a las familias con niños pequeños", dijo O'Hare. "El punto es que si nuestro país está interesado en que nazcan más niños, sería bueno pensar en cómo podemos proporcionar la infraestructura de apoyo para esas familias".

Los datos también muestran que la cantidad de niños blancos no hispanos ha disminuido desde 2010, mientras que las poblaciones de niños de color han aumentado en 46 estados, además de Washington D.C.

Mayra E. Alvarez, presidenta de Children's Partnership, con sede en Los Ángeles, dijo que los niños de color representan aproximadamente el 75% de los menores de 18 años en el Estado Dorado.

“Estos niños de hoy van a ser nuestros futuros empresarios, líderes”, dijo Álvarez, “nuestros futuros elegidos. Entonces, la inversión en estos niños es una inversión en todos nosotros y en todo nuestro futuro".

Ahorre tiempo cuando más lo necesita. Ahorre dinero en los peajes. El programa Express Lanes STARTSM ofrece grandes descuentos a los conductores que reúnan los requisitos.

Haga su solicitud hoy mismo

Aplican reglas de ingresos y es necesario presentar comprobante de ingresos. Los conductores necesitan una cuenta de FasTrak® y un dispositivo FasTrak Flex® para poder recibir descuentos.

and in all of

A new report finds the 2020 U.S. Census may have undercounted children under age 5 by 5.4% and recommends greater focus on an accurate count of this population for the 2030 Census. Photo Credit: Malija / Adobe Stock

Un nuevo informe encuentra que el Censo de EE. UU. de 2020 puede haber subestimado a los niños menores de 5 años en un 5,4% y recomienda un mayor enfoque en un recuento preciso de esta población para el Censo de 2030. Photo Credit: Tatiana Syrikova - Pexels

Los conductores de bajos ingresos pueden ahorrar entre un 50% y un 75% en los peajes de los carriles exprés de la I-880.

Sunita Sohrabji Ethnic Media Services

Physicalviolence and verbal abuse are the norm for many transgender youths. Last month, as news emerged that 28-year Audrey Hale — who killed six people, including three 9-year-old students at Nashville, Tennessee’s Covenant School — was transgender, the LGBTQIA community began to fear it would once again be targeted for retaliatory attacks.

Susan Maasch, director of the Trans Youth Equality Foundation in Portland, Maine, told Ethnic Media Services: “We were called yesterday by a man who was screaming at us. ‘What are you going to do with your donations? Are you going to use them to train kids to kill Christian children?’ This was very scary.”

“We’ve got scared children, scared families, scared organizations who are afraid of being targeted, but there’s no support,” she said. Maasch said she called the FBI to report the hateful phone call but could not get past a receptionist. “I will talk to local police, but I’m not sure what will come of that. The response just isn’t there.”

The FBI and the Justice Department did a briefing this week with organizations who support transgender youth, advising them how to keep safe during a possible uptick in violence against the community.

“This is a terrible, scary, and intimidating time for transgender people and their loved ones,” said Maasch. “The fact that this shooter was transgender is going to be used and abused by politicians and others.”

She noted the current climate of hostility in many states, which are demonizing trans individuals via legislation and rhetoric. “These are right-wing attacks by uninformed people. There’s a sense of going backwards.”

Kids in red states are having a particularly rough time, said Maasch, noting that few resources are available to them.

Maasch spoke of the need for gender affirming care, noting there is no cure for body dysphoria. “If you don’t treat, that’s when you get into danger. Some children go dark when you try to will away their gender. They begin to lose hope, and become depressed and anxious.”

Gender affirming care is on the chopping block in 11 states, including — most recently — Iowa and Kentucky. Other states which ban gender affirming care for minors include: Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Dakota, Tennessee and Utah.

The US Department of Health and Human Services defines gender affirming care as patient-centered treatment which aligns individuals’ outward, physical traits with their gender identity. “Gender diverse adolescents, in particular, face significant health. disparities compared to their cisgender peers,” notes HHS.

Maasch encouraged children who are struggling with gender identity to reach out to her organization TYEF or The Trevor Project, which has a good track record of supporting transgender youth. Trusted individuals, including older siblings or an aunt, can also be a source of support, she said.

Physical violence is the norm for many transgender youth. Last June, a transgender student in Kalama, Washington was kicked repeatedly by another student wearing steel-toed boots, and had to be hospitalized. A transgender teen in Pompano Beach, Florida has been savagely attacked twice. The teen was kicked, beaten and spat upon relentlessly, the first time when they were in 6th grade.

In March, eight students savagely beat a transgender student on a Tulsa, Oklahoma school bus.

Stella Tice spent much of her young life trying to fit into the norms of the gender to which she was assigned at birth.

“I always felt I was different from everyone else,” Tice, 22, told EMS. “The early stages of dysphoria hit especially hard during puberty. I didn’t have any language or knowledge to express it,” said Tice, who grew up in rural Klamath Falls, Oregon, and attended church every Sunday with her family, as well as a religious youth group every Wednesday evening.

Tice says she was bullied a lot in school. But she never told high school administrators or even her parents about what she was experiencing. “It made me uncomfortable to share my feelings because I was worried about being ridiculed by my peers.”

About 16 months ago, with the support of her partner, Tice began transitioning into a woman. Telling her parents was initially difficult. “It was a rough start, but they definitely did a lot of learning. I come from a very tight-knit family. And they didn’t want to lose me.”

Tice’s older brother turned out to be one of her strongest supporters. “’Wherever you end up, you have my support 100 percent,’ he told me.”

Tice and her partner live in Eugene, Oregon, which has a large LGBTQIA community, so the young woman was able to access the support she needed during her transitioning process.

Tice urged trans youth to turn to sub-Reditts, Twitch transgender streamers, and TikTok transgender content creators, to get a sense of community and support.

“I know this is a cliche, but it will and does get better,” she said.

Sunita Sohrabji Ethnic Media Services

Unavez que se conoció la noticia de que Audrey Hale era transgénero, la comunidad LGBTQIA teme ahora ser el blanco de ataques, en represalia.

Audrey Hale, de 28 años, quien al nacer fue registrada con género femenino y que luego se habría autoidentificado como hombre, mató a seis personas en la escuela Covenant de Nashville (Tennessee), entre ellas a tres estudiantes de 9 años.

Susan Maasch, directora de Trans Youth Equality Foundation en Portland, Maine, dijo a Ethnic Media Services: “Ayer nos llamó un hombre que nos estaba gritando. ‘¿Qué vas a hacer con tus donaciones?, ¿los vas a usar para entrenar a niños para matar a niños cristianos?’ Esto fue aterrador. Tenemos niños, familias y organizaciones que temen ser atacadas”, indicó.

La activista contó que llamó al FBI para denunciar la llamada telefónica amenazante, pero no pudo pasar de una recepcionista. “Hablaré con la Policía local, pero no estoy segura de qué saldrá de eso. Simplemente, no tenemos respuesta”, lamentó.

El FBI y el Departamento de Justicia realizaron una sesión informativa esta semana con organizaciones que apoyan a los jóvenes transgénero, aconsejándoles cómo mantenerse a salvo durante un posible aumento de la violencia contra la comunidad.

“Este es un momento terrible, aterrador e intimidante para las personas transgénero y sus seres queridos”, dijo Maasch. “El hecho de que la persona responsable del tiroteo en Nashville fuera transgénero será usado y abusado por políticos y otras personas”.

Señaló que existe un clima hostil en muchos estados, donde se están “demonizando” a las personas trans, a

través de la legislación y la retórica. “Estos son ataques de derecha, de personas desinformadas. Hay una sensación de retroceso”.

Los niños en los “estados rojos” están pasando por un momento particularmente difícil y hay pocos recursos disponibles para ellos, dijo.

Afirmación de género, en riesgo Maasch habló de la necesidad de atención a la afirmación de género y señaló, por ejemplo, que no existe una cura para la disforia corporal; es decir, para el malestar o el trastorno que experimentan personas trans sobre la contradicción que existe entre su identidad de género y su género de asignación (nacimiento).

“Si no lo tratas, ahí es cuando te pones en peligro. Algunos niños se ponen mal cuando tratas de eliminar su género. Empiezan a perder la esperanza y se deprimen o sufren de ansiedad”.

La atención de la afirmación de género está en peligro de extinción en 11 estados, entre los que se cuentan Iowa y Kentucky. Otros estados que prohíben el cuidado por afirmación de género para menores incluyen a Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Dakota del Sur, Tennessee y Utah.

El Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de EE.UU. (HHS) define la atención de afirmación de género como un tratamiento centrado en el paciente que alinea los rasgos físicos externos con su identidad de género. Maasch alentó a los niños que luchan con la identidad de género a apoyarse en voces calificadas y a comunicar su caso, por ejemplo, con su organización The Trevor Project, que tiene experiencia en la asistencia a jóvenes transgénero. Las personas de confianza, incluidos los hermanos mayores o una tía, también pueden ser una fuente de apoyo, agregó.

La violencia como respuesta

A pesar de las campañas de concientización, muchos jóvenes transgénero siguen siendo víctimas de violencia.

En junio pasado, un estudiante transgénero en Kalama, Washington, tuvo que ser hospitalizado. luego de que fue pateado repetidamente por otro estudiante que usaba botas con punta de acero.

Un adolescente transgénero en Pompano Beach, Florida, denunció haber sido pateado, golpeado y escupido sin descanso dos veces. La primera vez fue cuando estaba en sexto grado.

En marzo, ocho estudiantes golpearon salvajemente a un estudiante transgénero en un autobús escolar de Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Stella Tice, de 22 años, quien creció en la zona rural de Klamath Falls, Oregon, cuenta su experiencia. Pasó gran parte de su joven vida tratando de adaptarse a las normas del género que le fue asignado al nacer.

“Siempre sentí que era diferente a los demás”, dijo Tice a EMS. “Las primeras etapas de la disforia golpean fuerte, especialmente, durante la pubertad. No tenía ningún idioma ni conocimiento para expresarlo”, aseveró. Stella asistía a la iglesia todos los domingos con su familia, así como a las reuniones de los miércoles con un grupo de jóvenes religiosos.

Aunque recuerda que fue intimidada en la escuela, nunca contó nada a los administradores de la secundaria y tampoco a sus padres. “Me incomodaba compartir mis sentimientos, porque me preocupaba ser ridiculizado por mis compañeros”.

Hace 16 meses, con el apoyo de su pareja, Stella comenzó a hacer la transición a mujer. Decírselo a sus padres fue inicialmente duro. “Fue un comienzo difícil, pero definitivamente aprendieron mucho. Vengo de una familia muy unida. Y no querían perderme”.

El hermano mayor de Stella resultó ser uno de sus más fuertes seguidores. “Donde sea que termines, tienes mi apoyo al 100 por ciento”, me dijo.

Stella y su pareja viven en Eugene, Oregon, que tiene una gran comunidad LGBTQIA, por lo que la joven pudo acceder al apoyo que necesitaba durante su proceso de transición. Ahora, ella insta a los jóvenes trans a recurrir a distintas fuentes de apoyo, como los subreddits, streamers transgénero de Twitch o los creadores de contenido transgénero de TikTok, con el fin de tener un sentido de comunidad y respaldo.

“Sé que esto es un cliché, pero (así tu situación) mejorará e irá mejorando”, dijo.

Traducción por Al Día en América

y organizaciones, así como autoridades, piden tomar medidas de precaución para neutralizar posibles agresiones. Activists and organizations, as well as authorities, ask to take precautionary measures to neutralize possible attacks.

Stella Tice, 22, began her transition 16 months ago. Photo credit: Stella Tice

Photo Credit: Lisett Kruusimäe / Pexels

Las vacunas son parte del desarrollo saludable

Al igual que las primeras palabras, las vacunas son una parte importante del desarrollo infantil. Son seguras y protegen a los niños para que crezcan sanos, felices y fuertes.

Hable con el doctor de su hijo sobre las vacunas necesarias este año.

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