August 2014
LTE Advanced—Evolving and expanding in to new frontiers
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LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers
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Brings carrier aggregation and its evolution – led by Qualcomm Technologies
2
Enables hyper-dense HetNets; Further gains with enhanced receivers
3
Extends benefits of LTE to unlicensed spectrum
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Expands LTE in to new frontiers – device-to-device, Broadcast TV, higher bands & more
1000x mobile data challenge enabler 2
LTE Advanced brings different dimensions of improvements Leverage wider bandwidth Carrier aggregation across multiple carriers, multiple bands, and across licensed and unlicensed spectrum
F1 LTE Carrier #1 LTE Carrier #2 LTE Carrier #3 LTE Carrier #4
Carrier aggregation
Up to 100 MHz
Higher data rates (bps)
LTE Carrier #5
Leverage more antennas MIMO
Downlink MIMO up to 8x8, enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4
Higher spectral efficiency (bps/Hz)
Leverage HetNets
Higher spectral efficiency per coverage area
With advanced interference management (FeICIC/IC)
(bps/Hz/km2)
Small Cell Range Expansion 3
Carrier Aggregation rapidly expanding and evolving—led by Qualcomm
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Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies Inc.
Carrier Aggregation—fatter pipe to enhance user experience Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #1
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #2
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #3
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #4
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #5
Higher peak data rates
1The
Aggregated Data Pipe
Higher user data rates and lower latencies for all users
Up to 100 MHz
More capacity for typical ‘bursty’ usage1
Leverages all spectrum assets
typical bursty nature of usage, such as web browsing, means that aggregated carriers can support more users at the same response (user experience) compared to two individual carriers, given that the for carriers are partially loaded which is typical in real networks. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users. For completely loaded carrier, there is limited capacity gain between individal carriers and aggregated carriers,
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Carrier aggregation increases capacity for typical network load Typical bursty smartphone applications
Carrier aggregation capacity gain
Burst Rate (normalized)
6 2 10MHz Single Carriers
Pandora
User experience
Skype
Data bursts
10MHz + 10MHz Carrier Aggregation
5
You Tube
4 3 2
Partially loaded carriers
1
Capacity gain can exceed 2x (for same user experience)1
0 Idle time
0
63
6 12
9 18
12 24
15 30
Load (Mbps) 1Carrier aggregation doubles burst rate for all users in the cell, which reduces over-the-air latency ~50%, but if the user experience is kept the same (same burst rate), multicarrier can instead support more users for partially loaded carriers. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users (starting to resemble full buffer with limited gain). Source: Qualcomm simulations, 3GPP simulation framework, FTP traffic model with 1MB file size, 57 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 2x2 MIMO, TU3, NLOS, 15 degree downtilt 2GHz spectrum., 6
Carrier aggregation gaining momentum – Led by Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
8974 LTE Advanced
9x35
9x25 LTE Advanced (Cat4)
World’s 1st LTE Advanced carrier aggregation (Launched Jun 2013)
150 Mbps peak data rate (cat 4)
10 + 10 MHz in downlink QTI’s 3rd generation Qualcomm® Gobi ™ LTE modem HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
LTE Advanced (Cat6)
LTE Advanced Cat 6 (300 Mbps) (Announced Nov 2013)
300 Mbps peak data rate (cat 6)
20 + 20 MHz in downlink QTI’s 4th generation Qualcomm® Gobi ™ LTE modem HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation
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Taking carrier aggregation global - 4Th Gen Gobi LTE New Gobi modem paired with new RF solution
4th Generation LTE modem 40 MHz Support in downlink (20 MHz+ 20MHz)
One chip, all carrier aggregation combinations Supports next gen LTE Advanced wideband CA 4th generation LTE transceiver
300 Mbps Peak data rate (LTE Cat6)
1st 28nm RF
FDD/TDD Support 1st 20nm modem
~3x* more CA band combinations
HSPA+ 3 carrier downlink & 2 carrier uplink aggregation Common platform for LTE Advanced & HSPA+ carrier aggregation
Note: *Compared to previous generation QCT solutions; Qualcomm Gobi is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. ; Qualcomm WTR 3925 is a product of Qualcomm Atheros, Inc. 8
Global demand for LTE Carrier Aggregation QTI chipsets designed to support all CA band combinations currently in deployment or in planning ~50 band combinations being defined by 3GPP
Japan
China Europe
North America B4 + B17 B4 + B13 B4 + B12 B5 + B12 B2 + B17 B4 + B5 B5 + B17 B4 + B7 B2 + B5 B2 + B29 B4 + B29 B2 + B4 B2 + B13 B23 + B29 B2 + B12 Contiguous B41 Non Contiguous 41 Non Contiguous B4 Non Contiguous B25
B3 + B7 B3 + B20 B7 + B20 B8 + B20
B39 + B41 B1 + B7 Contiguous B38 Contiguous B7 Contiguous B3 Contiguous 40 Non Contiguous 41 Contiguous B39
B11 + B18 B3 + B28 B1 + B8 B1 + B18 B1 + B19 B1 + B21 B1 + B26 B3 + B19 B19 + B21 Contiguous B1
Requirements: 700-2700 MHz Inter-Band CA Intra-Band CA Wider Bandwidth TDD CA FDD CA
South Korea South America Contiguous B41 Non Contiguous B7
Australia B3 + B8 B3 + B28
B3 + B8 B1 + B5 B3 + B5 B3 + B26 B8 + B26 Non Contiguous B3
RFFE + Modem
Source: 3GPP, the combinations in blue are completed as of September 2013, remaining represent work items in progress; 3GPP continually defines band combinations 9
Advanced multiple antenna techniques for more capacity
10
More antennas—large gain from receive diversity Downlink
1.8x
4x4 MIMO 4 Way Receive Diversity (+ 2 x 2 MIMO)
1.7x
Diversity, MIMO
1x NodeB
Device
2 x 2 MIMO
LARGE GAIN, NO STANDARDS OR NETWORK IMPACT MAINSTREAM COMMERCIAL
Relative spectral efficiency
Note: LTE Advanced R10 and beyond adds up to 8x8 Downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Simulations: 3GPP framework, 21 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 10MHz FDD, carrier freq 2GHz, 25 UEs per cell, TU 3km/h, full-buffer traffic, no imbalance or correlation among antennas. 2x4 MIMO used for receive diversity gain of 1.7x compared to 2x2 MIMO, similarly 2x3 diversity provides a 1.3x gain over 2x2 MIMO
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Leverage fiber backhaul installations Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) for more capacity and better user experience Coordinated scheduling
Remote Radio Head (RRH)
Coordinated beamforming
Macro
Same or different cell identity across macro and RRH
Remote Radio Head (RRH)
Central processing/scheduling (requires low latency fiber) 12 Note: CoMP enabled by TM10 transmission modes in the device and network. Picture focuses on downlink CoMP techniques, CoMP can also apply to the uplink
It’s not just about adding small cells — LTE Advanced brings even more capacity and enables hyper-dense HetNets1
Small Cell Range Expansion (FeICIC/IC)
Macro Only
Macro+ 4 Picos
with Range Expansion
LTE R8
1X
LTE R8
1.4X
LTE Advanced
2.8X
Macro+ 4 Picos
Data rate improvement2
Higher capacity, network load balancing, enhanced user experience, user fairness 1By
applying advanced interference management to HetNets. 2Median downlink data rate. Assumptions: 4 Picos added per macro and 33% of users dropped in clusters closer to picos (hotspots) : 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO, 25 users and 500m ISD. Advanced interference management: enhanced timedomain adaptive resource partitioning, advanced receiver devices with enhanced RRM and RLM1Similar gain for the uplink 13
Capacity scales with small cells deployed - thanks to advanced interference management (FeICIC/IC) ~37X
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
~21XSMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
~11X SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
~6X
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
+4 Small Cells
+8 Small Cells
+16 Small Cells
+32 Small Cells
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
Capacity scales with small cells added1 LTE Advanced with 2x Spectrum added 1 Assumptions: Pico type of small cell, 10MHz@2GHz + 10MHz@3.6GHz,D1 scenario macro 500m ISD, uniform user distribution scenario. Gain is median throughput improvement, from baseline with macro only on 10MHz@2GH, part of gain is addition of 10MHz
spectrum. Users uniformly distributed—a hotspot scenario could provide higher gains. Macro and outdoor small cells sharing spectrum (co-channel)
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LTE Advanced - Evolving and expanding into new frontiers Further improving LTE Advanced
Aggregated Data Pipe
Evolving carrier aggregation
Further Enhanced HetNets
More advanced antenna features and 256 QAM
Higher capacity for Machine-to-machine and Smartphone signaling
Enhanced Receivers for superior performance
Rel. 12 & beyond
New Frontiers
Device Interference cancellation
700MHz to 3.8GHz
LTE Advanced in unlicensed spectrum
~3.5 GHz / ASA
LTE Broadcast going beyond mobile
LTE Direct for device to device
Higher bands & new licensing models (Authorized Shared Access) 15
Carrier aggregation evolution, Enhanced Hetnets
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LTE Advanced carrier aggregation continues to evolve Leveraging all spectrum assets Across cells (Multiflow) (Supported in Rel. 12)
FDD/TDD Aggregation
Across licensed/ unlicensed
(Supported in Rel. 12)
(Specific band combinations to be defined)
Paired
Traditional Licensed
Unpaired
ASA/LSA Licensed
Unlicensed (LTE)
Anchor
3GPP continually defines band combinations
Aggregated Data Pipe
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MultiFlow – Dual-cell connectivity across small cells and across macros and small cells Small cell “Booster”
Macro “Anchor”
Macro
Improved offload to small cells
Higher cell-edge data rates
Robust mobility 18
Further enhancing HetNets performance User deployed 3G/4G
Operator deployed 3G/4G
Typically indoor small cells
Indoor/outdoor small cells1
4G Relays & Wireless Backhaul ENTERPRISE RESIDENTIAL
1
METRO
Multiflow—Improve offload to small cells
Enhanced device receiver
LTE in unlicensed spectrum
LTE/Wi-Fi tight interworking
Dual-cell connectivity across cells
Data channel interference cancellation for even more gain
Better utilize 5GHz spectrum with unified LTE network & small cells
Converged small cells with LTE & Wi-Fi
Such as relay and Pico/Metro/RRH small cells for hotspots. RRH= Remote Radio Heads, in addition Distributed Antenna Systems are used in HetNets
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Enhanced receivers for superior LTE Advanced performance
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Enhanced receivers offer better user experience & more capacity Interference Cancellation
Interference Cancellation
Rel. 10/11
Re. 12
Sync ref. signal Common ref. signal Primary broadcast channel Data channel
Better user experience Higher data rates especially at cell-edges
Higher network capacity Higher users data rate increases overall network capacity
Enhanced performance for HetNets Even more beneficial in managing interference in small cell deployments
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Enhanced receivers further improve HetNet performance Live demonstration at MWC 2014, utilizing our LTE Advanced test network in San Diego
Higher network capacity 140
Macro 1
Throughout
120 100 80
Rel. 10/11 Receiver
Enhanced Receiver
60 40
Pico 2 Pico 3 Pico 4
20 Pico 5
0
Increased cell-edge data rates Throughout
30
Enhanced Receiver
25 20 15 10
Rel. 10/11 Receiver
5 0 22
Extending the benefits of LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum
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Extending the benefits of LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum Better network performance
Enhanced user experience
Longer range and increased capacity
Thanks to LTE Advanced anchor in licensed spectrum with robust mobility LTE in Licensed spectrum 700MHz to 3.8GHz
Ideal for small cells
Carrier aggregation
LTE in Unlicensed spectrum 5 GHz
Unified LTE Network
Coexists with Wi-Fi
Common LTE network with common authentication, security and management.
Features to protect Wi-Fi neighbors 24
Leverages existing LTE standards, ecosystem and scale LTE transmitted according to unlicensed spectrum regulations, such as power levels Large scale, global 1 LTE deployments
in unlicensed spectrum 2 LTE for USA, Korea and China
268+ network launches in 100+ countries1
LTE Advanced 3GPP R10
LTE Advanced 3GPP R10 launched June 2013
Wi-Fi and LTE co-existence features2
Targets 5 GHz unlicensed bands
in unlicensed 3 LTE spectrum everywhere Extend deployment to regions with ‘Listen Before Talk’ (LBT) regulations Optimized waveform enabling LBT, carrier discovery and expanded uplink coverage Candidate for 3GPP R13 standard
Common core network with common mobility, security, authentication and more.
R10 Ideal for small cells
Converged 3G/4G small cells with LTE for licensed and unlicensed spectrum as well as Wi-Fi
Unified network for licensed and unlicensed spectrum 1Per
GSA as of as of Feb 5th 2014. 2 With Carrier Sensing and Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) in the time domain.
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Making LTE broadcast dynamic and extending to terrestrial TV
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LTE broadcast is commercial – Powered by Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ processors
800 LTE Advanced
st 1
World’s 1st LTE Broadcast solution Gobi LTE Modem integrated into Snapdragon 800
KT Corp launches world’s first commercial LTE Broadcast service By Nick Wood, Total Telecom Monday 27, January 2014
South Korean operator to use eMBMS technology to deliver mobile TV service to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 smartphones. KT Corp on Monday launched the world’s first commercial LTE Broadcast service, delivering mobile TV content to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 users. Called ‘Olleh LTE Play’, the service is based on eMBMs (evolved multimedia broadcast multicast services) solutions developed in …
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Source: http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?ID=485128
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LTE broadcast – Higher capacity even with fewer users Leveraging LTE infrastructure and spectrum 7X
Unicast LTE Broadcast
3X 1.7X X 1 user/ cell
X 2 users/cell
X 5 users /cell
Network capacity/throughput
Source: Qualcomm Research; Simulation assumptions - 2GHz carrier frequency, 5MHz spectrum, 500m site-to-site distance, cluster eMBMS with 19 sites MBSFN deployment (100% of carrier usage), comparison with unicast (based on average throughput) 28 is based on the same amount of resource allocation.
Dynamic switching to broadcast offers even more flexibility Event or demand driven Pre-scheduled (e.g. at stadium only during games) Users accessing same content on unicast
Users moved to broadcast
Based on demand (e.g. breaking news)
Seamless transition Make-before–break connection Fully transparent to user
Part of Rel. 121 Dynamically switch between unicast and broadcast (based on operator configured triggers) 1This
feature is called Mood (Multicast operation on Demand) in Rel 12
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Terrestrial TV service using LTE Broadcast Enabling broadcasters to reach mobile devices LTE Broadcast Single Frequency Network (SFN) for the whole coverage area -
LTE (Unicast)
Enhanced user experience in the “Assisted Mode” (e.g. On-demand content, interactivity )
Assisted Mode
Using LTE sites/infrastructure
LTE Broadcast on a dedicated spectrum
Broadcast TV Stand-alone Mode
Devices in “Stand-alone” or “Assisted” mode
~2x Higher capacity than today’s broadcast (DVB-T/ATSC) - Opportunity to free-up spectrum for mobile broadband Current broadcast technology operates in Multi Frequency Network (MFN) mode with a frequency reuse of at least 4 with a spectrum efficiency of up to 4 bps/Hz inside each cell. This corresponds to an overall spectrum efficiency of approx. 1bps/Hz. Whereas LTE-B operates in SFN over the entire coverage area with a spectrum efficiency of up to 2bps/Hz.
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LTE Direct – Operator-owned global platform for continuous proximity awareness
31
Designed for autonomous “Always-ON” discovery Licensed spectrum utilized for continuous proximity awareness DISCOVERY
LTE
Up to 500m range LTE
20s
Discover 1000s of services in milliseconds
64ms
Privacy sensitive Device based, connectionless discovery – without location tracking
Negligible LTE capacity impact <1% of uplink resources for thousands of services
Source: Qualcomm simulations; Assumes 10MHz system
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Operator platform that enables new mobile services Mobile Proximity and Discovery services at scale Operator owned LTE Direct platform
Common discovery network
Managed, owned, monetized by mobile operator
Enables discovery horizontally across apps, OS, operators
Expected to be in every Rel 12 device Part of 3GPP Release 12 standard
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Utilizing higher bands & new licensing models (Authorized Shared Access)
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ASA leverages underutilized spectrum for exclusive use Exclusive Use
Used in both macros and small cells
Incumbents (i.e., government) may not use spectrum at all times and locations
Small cells can be closer to incumbent than macros
3G/4G Macro Base Station
Protects spectrum incumbents Binary use â&#x20AC;&#x201C; either incumbent or rights holder with protection zones
1No
Incumbent user 3G/4G Small Cells
Regular Multi-band Device1
Incentive-based cooperation model Allows incumbents to monetize unused spectrum
device impact due to ASA, just a regular 3G/4G device supporting global harmonized bands targeted for ASA. Carrier aggregation would be beneficial to aggregate new ASA spectrum with existing spectrum, but is not required.
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ASA/LSA1 – Implementation underway in Europe and USA POLICY
Endorsed by 28 EU member states Nov ’13
Evaluation by NTIA Endorsed by 28 EU member states Nov ’13
1
REGULATORY
Defined by CEPT
in report published in Feb ’142 for harmonizing 2.3 GHz3
STANDARDS
Specified by ETSI Currently working on requirements
OPERATOR INTEREST
PROOF OF CONCEPT
Demonstrated by many infra/device vendors; 2.3 GHz and 3.5 GHz demos at MWC Feb ‘14
Trialed Live in Finland in Sep’13
Proposed by FCC To make 3.5GHz4 band dedicated to licensed shared access for mobile broadband
ASA has been named LSA (Licensed Shared Access) in the EU by the Radio Spectrum Policy Group; 23ECC Report 205; 33Draft ECC decision on “harmonized technical and regulatory conditions for the use of the band 2300-2400 MHz for MFCN;” 3GPP Band 40, 2.3-2.4 GHz; 4 Target 3.5 GHz in the US is 3550-3650 MHz
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LTE Advanced - 1000x data challenge enabler Continue to evolve LTE: -- Multiflow, Hetnets enhancements -- Opportunistic HetNets LTE in unlicensed spectrum
LTE Broadcast and LTE Direct Carrier Aggregation (TDD and FDD) Authorized Shared Access (ASA) Higher spectrum bands (esp. TDD) Hetnets with FeICIC/IC
Full interference management New deployment models, e.g. neighborhood small cells
More Small Cells is Key to 1000x
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Qualcomm Technologies LTE advanced leadership
Standards Leadership
Industry-first Demos
A main contributor to key LTE Advanced features
MWC 2012: Live Over-The-Air HetNet Demo with Mobility
Instrumental in driving interference cancellation and other Hetnets features
MWC 2013: Live OTA opportunistic HetNet Demo with VoIP Mobility. Authorized Shared Access (ASA) demo
Pioneering work on LTE Direct and LTE in unlicensed spectrum
Industry-first Chipsets from QTI World’s 1st LTE Advanced solution (Jun ’13) First with LTE Broadcast (Jan ‘14) LTE Advanced cat 6 (300 Mbps) solution announced in Nov. ‘13
MWC 2014: Enhanced HetNets with datachannel interference cancellation 800
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
MDM 9x35
LTE Advanced
LTE Advanced
World’s 1st LTE Advanced solution
300Mpbs (Cat 6) solution 38
LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers
1
Brings carrier aggregation and its evolution â&#x20AC;&#x201C; led by Qualcomm Technologies
2
Enables hyper-dense HetNets; Further gains with enhanced receivers
3
Extends benefits of LTE to unlicensed spectrum
4
Expands LTE in to new frontiers â&#x20AC;&#x201C; device-to-device, Broadcast TV, higher bands & more
1000x mobile data challenge enabler 39
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