Accelerator-based research in nuclear physics, material science, isotope production, radiochemistry, analytical chemistry etc., & development of large scale detectors and experimental facilities. Accelerator design, development, construction, and operation. Theoretical nuclear physics, outreach, human resources (35). Technology development (primarily related to accelerators and accelerator-based research, and for societal benefit ) Collaborations at RHIC, LHC, INO, FAIR, TRIUMF, Fermi Lab, … Regional Radiation Medicine Centre & The Medical Cyclotron
Lest We Forget!
Land acquired 1968; Project Sanctioned 1969; Beam 1977
श्रण्ृ वन्तु ववश्वे अमत ु राः ृ स्य पत्
(Oh the Children of Immortality, Listen if you please ..) This land is very special: First mentioned by Clive who saw it from the roof of his “kothi” at Dumdum. The Christopher Canal or Kestopur Khal is part of the “Marhatta Ditch” surrounding the city of Calcutta. During 1756-57, the army of Nawab Sirajuddaula camped here before attacking Calcutta. After capturing Calcutta the Nawab renamed it as “Alinagar”. The legend of “Black Hole” was invented in the aftermath of this war to malign him. During a severe cyclone in 1767, pilot whales were “blown here”. The sweet “lady keni” (Lady Canning) commemorates this event . The visionary Bidhan Chandra Roy developed it as a township for the middle class of Calcutta. During the Bangladesh War and later it was camp for refugees and prisoners of war.
The Original Flora of 1/AF Bidhan Nagar
Original Inhabitants of 1/AF Bidhan Nagar
A Swarm of Mosquitoes Following our Scientists on a Typical Evening!
Today, I thrill In the ecstasy of creation. I smile, My eyes glitter And my blood revels With effervescent splendour In the ecstasy of my creation. -Kazi Nazrul Islam
VEC accelerates ~8 MeV alphas! June 16, 1977
224cm Variable Energy Cyclotron; Operating since 1977
Training ground of accelerator & nuclear physicists in the country
Beam utilization of K130 Variable Energy Cyclotron (2013-14)
Projectiles utilized for experiments (2013-14)
• Alpha : 26 – 70 MeV • Proton : 7.5 – 18 Mev • Deuteron : 25 MeV • He+ : 5.55 - 7.77 MeV
How the beam was used?
RIB
Others 2%
Isotope Prod 16%
RIB 23%
Nuclear Physcs Radiation Chemistry Material Sc. Isotope Prod Others
Material Sc. 25% Nuclear Physics 20% Radiation Chemistry 14%
Improvements are a Continuous Process!
K130 deflector septum handling device Exposure to personnel handling K130 deflector reduced Manual handling of deflector septum eliminated Distance of personnel more than one metre Spring loaded lever for locking
K130 cyclotron ion source positioning Remote positioning and monitoring. New data acquisition system Position can be monitored in (r,q) and (x, y) coordinate Prevents physical contact with central region components
Magnetic field mapper
Volume:1300 x 1200 x 300 mm Measurement by hall sensor/NMR Accuracy: 0.2 mm Resolution: 20 micron
Zero interruption in two years compared to interruption every 15 minutes to 6-7 days, earlier- which used to be fixed by spraying aerosols.
Beam Transport System Vacuum Control System Elaborate vacuum system – 42 pumps, 50 HV valves & gauges distributed over 5 beam lines State-of-the-art PLC based system with 384 digital & 64 analog I/O capacity EPICS based supervisory control – single GUI for controlling BTS vacuum system and cyclotron vacuum system Local control panel – optimally designed with minimal h/w elements, for in-situ control Inter-PLC communication - for exchanging crucial control parameters with Cyclotron Vacuum Control system Integration with Cyclotron control & monitoring system at supervisory level and archiving of control parameters IOC
OPI
CONTROL LAN
MODBUS-TCP PLC SYSTEM
CONTROL I/O
MCC ELEC. POWER
PUMP
ISO. VALVES, LINE GATE VALVES, VACUUM GAUGES, INTERLOCKS, LOCAL CONTROL PANEL
K130 VEC: Crane wheel repair
Crack observed in crane wheel
Wheel after completion of welding
A crack was seen on one of the crane wheel of K130 cyclotron. A repair was undertaken. Material composition of the wheel was analyzed, recommended welding filler material and process were chosen, electrical heaters were wound on the wheel for pre-heating and temperature sensors were mounted to keep the temperature within 100 – 130 Deg. C during welding. Radiography test was performed, which showed a successful weld. The wheel was mounted on the rail and crane was load tested before giving clearance for operation.
Heavy ion acceleration program at K130 Variable Energy Cyclotron We plan to provide: • • • • • • •
Nitrogen (14) 5+, 6+ Oxygen (16) 5+, 6+, 7+ Neon (20) 6+, 7+ Argon (40) 11+, 12+, 13+ Ni (58) 16+ and above Cu (63) 17+ and above Zn (65) 17+ and above
First plasma discharge in a new 14.4 GHz ECR ion source (for K-130 cyclotron)
ECR Ion Source assembled with microwave injection And injection side vacuum system.
Image of a star shaped plasma captured from the extraction side of ECR ion source
Heavy ion injection at K130 cyclotron BDC3 BM2
BDC4
SM5
SM4
BDC2 SM3
BM1
SM2 SM1
BDC5
SM6
BDC6 BDC7
SM7 SM8
BDC1
Physics and engineering of Magnetic elements completed
BM: Bending Magnet SM: Switching Magnet BDC: Beam Diagnostic Chamber
Super-conducting Cyclotron Identification of Deficiencies and Corrections
Compromise and politesse can be disastrous in nuclear engineering. Thousands of components—many of them huge machines in their own right—must be slotted beside one another, more or less perfectly.- A Star in a Bottle, The New Yorker.
VECC SUPERCONDUCTING CYCLOTRON Kbend=520 Accelerate heavy ion beams Energy 80 MeV/nucleon for light ions 8 MeV/nucleon for heavy ions
Radio-frequency system 9-27 MHz 80 kV maximum Dee voltage
Superconducting magnet Average magnetic field = 5 Tesla 100 Tonnes magnet iron 12.5 Tonnes cryostat
Superconducting Cyclotron with its Beam Line
Accelerated Neon (Ne 3+) Beam Spot on Viewer Probe
First Beam Acceleration in the Superconducting Cyclotron at VECC (August 25, 2009)
VECC’s Superconducting Cyclotron Accelerates First Beam!
Beam current profile along radius
Neutron and gamma spectrum from Ne + Al nuclear reaction
K500 SUPERCONDUCTING CYCLOTRON EXTERNAL BEAMLINE LAYOUT
The Superconducting Cyclotron Building, with Outside Retrofitting completed.
Efforts During 2012-2013 to Diagnose the Problems of Beam Extraction • Measurement of beam centering (Is there a magnetic field harmonic error?) • Measurement of beam phase w. r. t. RF
(Is there an average magnetic field error?) • Installation of a new inflector with remote rotation & vertical movement capability • Magnetic Field Mapping
Compact magnetic field measurement system for superconducting cyclotron
Space reduced from 23 mm to 16.5 mm with only 2.5 mm below the median plane. Achieved vertical jitter less than 0.25 mm and horizontal jitter less than 0.05 mm over 700 mm of travel.
Calibration of Search Coil •
• •
Two NMR probes are placed at two points where the required homogeneity of field for locking the NMR signal exists One NMR is placed at the cyclotron centre Other NMR is placed at a point on the hill central line The search coil is moved from cyclotron centre to hill centre The induced voltage on the search coil is passed through Voltage-toFrequency converter and Integrator to give the field difference between these points.
1st NMR at Cyclotron Centre
2nd NMR at Hill Centre
Search coil calibration Ne4+, 19 MHz, h=2 Operation. Main coil excitations: (448.9 A, 281.09 A) 600
Y (inches)
400
200
0
-200
-400
X (inches)
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
Position of 1st and 2nd NMR probes
Iso Gauss contours with 1Gauss difference at the location of 2nd NMR probe at Hill-Central line
Magnetic Field Mapping 2013 Contour plot of grid(4,1) map, I_alpha=459.38 A, I_beta=471.87 A
Cyclotrons 2013, Vancouver, Canada
Average Magnetic Field N2+ in 2nd harmonic mode of operation at RF frequency 14 MHz N=2 14 MHz Coil
32.125
31.891
Difference ~234 Gauss at centre
I_alpha I_beta TC-0 TC-1 TC-2 TC-3 TC-4 TC-5 TC-6 TC-7 TC-8 TC-9 TC-10 TC-11 TC-12 TC-13
Current (A) 452.23 313.49 -68.2 82.58 -34.9 0 -226.7 -121 -157.3 -111 125 -130 21 21 26.8 262
Average Magnetic Field Ne4+ in 2nd harmonic mode of operation at RF frequency 19 MHz
31.175
30.942
Difference ~233 Gauss at centre
Coil
Current (A)
I_alpha I_beta TC-0 TC-1 TC-2 TC-3 TC-4 TC-5 TC-6 TC-7 TC-8 TC-9 TC-10 TC-11 TC-12 TC-13
448.9 281.09 -133.33 162 -56.6 0 41.3 -19 -192.3 0 -54.6 116 0 168.3 151.9 195.8
Amplitude of First Harmonic Field
(Gauss)
N2+ in 2nd harmonic mode of operation at RF frequency 14 MHz
Large first harmonic field from 610 mm. Peaks at 650 mm, 45 Gauss !!! Deflector position is 667 mm MAIN HURDLE FOR BEAM EXTRACTION?
Conclusions from Field Mapping • Average field error at the centre • Large first harmonic field at the extraction zone • Large first harmonic at the centre
Iron Shims on the Inner wall of coil-tank For correction of 1st harmonic field Hill Shoes Fitted with Coil Tank Inner wall
Coil Tank Inner Wall
Sectional View
SCC: Magnetic field shimming Central plug hill additions Median Plane (Imaginary)
Shim @180 Degree
Shims added on the side of hill additions
Shim @sector ‘C’
Coil Tank Inner Wall Upper Dee (@ 3 sectors) Shim Fitted with Hill Shoe @1 Degree Shim @sector ‘A’
RF Liner (Lower) Hill Shoes Fitted with Coil Tank (Upper & Lower) (@ 3 sectors)
Lower Dee (@3 sectors)
SCC: Magnetic field shimming for central region
New hill additions
After detailed magnetic field measurements, new center region hill addition components were designed, machining and installed. Final field measurement shows the required improvements in field quality at the central region.
SCC: Modification of RF system (central region)
Slope added to increase vertical gap
New central connectors are designed to increase the vertical gap. It is expected that higher Dee voltages can be acheived.
SCC: Improvement in Dee positioning Measurement gauges Dee stem height measurement Coil tank liner position measurement
Dee gap measurement Dee movement measurement Dee leveling
SCC magnetic field average field
Comparison of average field among measurements in 2006-February when the poles were bare (before installation of trim coil and RF liner), 2013-May (After installation of trim coils and RF liner) and 2013-August (after partial correction of magnetic field by modifying central iron plug and putting iron shims on the inner wall of coil-tank). The field mapping result shown in the figure is for following excitations of main coils (403.1 A , 340.62 A).
SCC magnetic field 1st harmonic
Comparison of 1st harmonic field amplitude among measurements in 2006-February when the poles were bare (before installation of trim coil and RF liner), 2013-May (After installation of trim coils and RF liner) and 2013-August (after partial correction of magnetic field by modifying central iron plug and putting iron shims on the inner wall of coil-tank). The field mapping results shown in the figure is for following excitations of main coils (403.1 A , 340.62 A).
SCC magnetic field 2nd harmonic 0.07
old-2006 new-before correction
Amplitude of B2 (KG)
0.06
new-after correction
0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0 -0.01
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
Radius cm
Variation of second harmonic field amplitude before and after
SCC magnetic field 1st harmonic 0.06 0.055
g24(553.13,190.63)
g31(431.25,406.25)
0.045
g35(631.25,206.25)
g41(459.38,471.88)
0.04
g44(609.38,321.88)
g45(659.38,271.88)
g51(487.5,537.5)
g54(637.5,387.5)
B1 in KG
0.05
0.035 0.03 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005
0 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
Radius mm
Excitation dependence of first harmonic field before correction at different excitations. ‘g’ denotes grid numbers and corresponding alpha and beta coil currents (in amperes) are inside the bracket.
Conclusions from Interim Measures for Field Correction • The varying amplitude of first harmonic with main coil excitation indicates that the cause of this first harmonic is axis mismatch between the coil and iron poles. • The partial correction of first harmonic was implemented at a particular operating point (at 19 MHz, 2nd harmonic operation of N+2). • The first harmonic amplitude could be reduced, but at the cost of large second harmonic.
Improvement in VECC SCC Vacuum System
RADIATION SHIELD
• • • •
Trapped volumes in beam chamber removed (relief hole drilled in about 200 fasteners) Operation of charcoal cryopanel started Improved hydrogen pumping with charcoal cryopanels Stable operation of radio frequency system
Spanner in Works: Power Failures
Developments in Accelerator Technology
Design and Fabrication of Large Switching Magnets for SCC Beam Line
Two large switching magnets to guide the beam through the desired channel by angles of 420 and Âą320 respectively. The maximum field of the magnets in the pole gap is about 16 kG with better than 3 x 10-4 field homogeneity at all excitations. The total weight of these magnets is around 12 Ton and 16 Ton respectively. ARRIVED!
Development of conductively cooled HTS magnet using commercial cryo-cooler for test set-up: SMES
Temperature & field distribution
Cooling cum support for magnet
14 pancakes were fabricated and tested individually in liquid nitrogen for quality control and ready for final assembly inside the cryostat
Development of a Cryo-cooler based High Temperature Superconductor Steering Magnet Motivation: Development of Conduction-cooled HTS magnet technology: Future trends world wide A HTS based steering magnet for K500 cyclotron external beam line (high beam rigidity) will be very compact and can be conceived. Challenges: As HTS materials are brittle in nature, winding technology needs to be developed with utmost care. Integration of the coil with cryo-cooler for efficient
cooling. Development of cryostat well within the heat budget of cryo-coolers.
Basic specification: Bending Angle (For max Beam rigidity: 3.3 Tm) Iron Length (m) Good field Region (mm) Conductor (mm) NI (A-T) for each By coil NI (A-T) for each Bx coil Operating Temperature
±3 deg horizontal; ±1.5 deg Vertical;
0.3 ±35 BSCCO-2223 (4.3 × 0.25 ) 80×6×175 (Three DPC for each By coil) 60×4×175 (Two DPC for each Bx coil) 20 K
HTS coil testing set-up
Development of 9 T superconducting focusing solenoid for RIB Project at VECC Special Features:
Focusing in the superconducting LINAC is provided by superconducting solenoids (B~ 9 T).
End magnetic fringe field is controlled by active bucking coil.
Special magnetic shielding technology to reduce the stray magnetic field near superconducting LINAC sufficiently below 50 mT (Bc1 OF Nb (@ 4.2 K): 129 mT)
THE SOLENOID Axial Field
9T
Bore diameter
42 mm
Bore type
Cold
Leff
340 mm
Lmax
540 mm
Fringe field level at < 30 mT cavity wall Conductor
NbTi (1.96 × 1.26 )
Current(MC)
330 A
Current (BC)
280 A
Fringe field End bucking coil compensation Operating Temperature
4.2 K
THE COMPLETE CRYOMODULE
Ic (9T, 4.2K)=483 A Bucking coil(BC)
Nos. of filaments: 54 Cu/NbTi ratio: 1.35
Main coil(MC) Iron
Plasma ion source based high current low energy focused ion beam system (1st in India, 2nd in World) Ion
Energy (kV)
Current used in milling (mA)
Diameter of hole (mm)
time to drill hole (Seconds)
Milling rate mm3/s
100
Xe
10
2
12
114
132
Cu
60
Xe
10
2
12
16
565
Mo
100
Xe
10
2
12
120
128
WC
300
Xe
10
0.85
25x500 (slot)
4500
260
Target
Thickness of target (mm)
Ta
Low energy focused ion beam system
Cu foil of thickness 100 mm
Micro drilling of 100 um thick Tantalum sheet by 10 keV Xe ion beam
RF AMPLIFIER
HEAT SINK
DIRECTIONAL COUPLER
RF TRANSFORMER
Cryostat for testing SCRF cavity Design of the cryostat to test cavities for IFCC has been completed.
Procurement of the cryostat and magnetic shield is in progress
Radiation Shield Cryoperm Magnetic Shield
Cavity
Mu Metal Magnetic Shield LHe Chamber LN2 Shield Chamber Vacuum Chamber
4K-2K test set up 4K LHe in 4K LHe out Vacuum chamber
4K Phase separator 2K He pumping port 2K LHe safety port
2K Phase separator
Assembly 3D model of test set up
Superconducting RF cavities are used for Radio-active Ion Beam acceleration. Cavities operated at 2K produce higher electric field gradient with lower losses. A testsetup is planned to produce 2K liquid from 4K liquid helium available from the helium refrigerator.
RFQ vane for RIB acceleration
The complex geometry was modelled and the RFQ vane was fabricated inhouse with an accuracy of better than 10 micron at the modulation surface
Rare Isotope Beam Frontier
Layout of the RIB Facility at VECC RB-4 IH-3 RB-3
ECRIS
Target Ion Source
K130 Vault
Rebuncher 3 & 4 Frequency : 75.6 MHz No. of gaps : 4
q/A â&#x2030;Ľ 1/7
Cavity Length : 0.43 m
Q0 : 6600 (Simulation) / 5460 (Measured)
Ready for Commissioning
SC Linac for heavy-ion beam acceleration from 1 to 2 MeV/u Frequency [MHz]
113.4
β0 [%]
5.3
No. of resonators
8
Epeak/Eacc
~ 7.6
Bpeak/E_acc [G-m/MV]
~130
Initial/final energy (MeV/u)
1.04/2.0 Niobiu m QWR cavity
Cryo-module Coupler
Central tube Central Drift tube
Design in advanced stage Tuner End Drift tube
Design of internal superconducting solenoid for SC HI Linac
Design in advanced stage
Effective Field Length [mm]
340
Physical Length [mm]
540
Max. Axial Field [T]
9
Fringing Field near QWR [mT]
<0.21
Conductor
NbTi
Conductor size [mm x mm]
1.88 x 1.18
Critical current of conductor [A]
822 @ 8T
Radioactive Ion Beam of 111In (T1/2 2.8 days) Ion-plasma sputtering in ECR
Applications of
111In
RIB
Perturbed Angular Correlation study of materials characteristics via hyperfine interaction between probe and lattice
Gamma-ray spectrum from decay of 111In
Radio-tracer for wear studies of biomedical implants, automobile components and industrial products, tracer for biological studies
Preparations on for user experiments
72
RIB annex building
73
Test plan
Cryogenic distribution layout is being finalized at VECC
4K-2K test set-up He pump LN2 dewar CCM
4K-2K test set-up ICM
74
A Vision for Rajarhat Campus
A National Facility for Unstable and Rare Ion Beams & Centre for Nuclear Theory
ANURIB eSC electron LINAC 50 MeV, 100 kW
n
Neutron beam-line for nuclear astrophysics, material science
g
eTa
Actinide Target
1+ Ion Radioactiv Source e Atoms
b+
ECR Ion Source
Positron beam-line
p
Radioactiv 1+ RIB e Atoms
Stable isotope
n+ RIB
injection
Separator Spectroscopy of r-process, nrich exotic nuclei
30 MeV, 1mA Proton driver
1.5 keV/u
1.5 keV/u
RFQ
12th plan Phase-1
High current Injector Material Science & biological studies with stable & RIBs
0.1 MeV/u LINAC Nuclear Astrophysics
1.0 MeV/u LINAC booster Nuclear structure, Elastic/ Inelastic scattering, Coulomb barrier physics, Super Heavy Elements
Studies on drip line & near drip line nuclei
Next phase
RIB 7 MeV/u
Stable Exotic Isotope P fragments Beam F S RIB Secondary target
100 MeV/u
Stripper
Ring Cyclotron
76
50 MeV Superconducting Electron Linac Based on 1.3 GHz SRF technology
Scheme of photo-fission production of RIB in ANURIB fission products E-Linac
etantalum converter
g
Ion Source target 238U
Radioactive Ion Beam Isotope Separator On Line
Postaccelerator
RIB 77
Capture Cryo Module (CCM) : to be fabricated in Indian industry
78
Injector Cryo Module (ICM) being assembled at TRIUMF Canada Heat exchanger
4K separator strongback tuner strongback
9-cell cavity Power coupler
He gas return pipe
vacuum vessel tuner 1.3 GHz 9-cell cavity 79
Niobium 1.3 GHz Cavity development at TRIUMF 1-cell cavity cold tests
Dressed 9-cell cavity 1-cell cavity
9-cell cavity 9-cell cavity alignment
9-cell cavity inspection
80
Test plan
4K-2K test set-up is being assembled
Helium leak test of nitrogen vessel of cryostat
4K Phase separator Elliptical top flange
Elliptical vacuum chamber
Radiation Shield
2K phase separator
Prototype heat exchanger(1:5) 81
TRIUMF Target module
Electron Beam
RIB
Multiple charge state acceleration using Alternate Phase Focusing in superconducting heavy-ion linacs for ANURIB •
Radioactive ion beam intensity loss should be minimized during post-acceleration • 1.3 MeV/u radioactive ions pass the foil stripper → several charge states are created • One could utilize most of the RI beam intensity if multiple charges are accelerated • This is achieved using a novel Asymmetrical Alternate Phase (A-APF) focusing mode in superconducting heavy-ion linacs • Beam dynamics results show that one could accelerate almost 81 % of input Uranium beam before foil stripper to an energy of 6.2 MeV/u from 1.3 MeV/u. Ten charge states from 34+ to 43+ could be simultaneously accelerated.
S.Dechoudhury, Alok Chakrabarti, Y-C Chao (TRIUMF)
(communicated to PRSTAB)
ANURIB phase-1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Floor layout is being finalized
85
Centre for Nuclear Theory & Hub for ANURIB: Front View
Centre for Nuclear Theory & Hub for ANURIB : Side View
Podium
Second Floor
Typical Floor Plan: 3rd to 10th
Medical Cyclotron: Approaching Realization!
Medical Cyclotron Project (30 MeV, 500 mA p) Importance in Atomic Energy Program: • Material Science R&D on structural materials for Nuclear Reactor • R&D on LBE target for ADSS
R&D
Societal Benefit: Production of SPECT (Ga-67, Tl-201) and PET radio-isotopes and processing radio-pharmaceuticals used in nuclear imaging of cancerous tumors.
Cyclotron
PET
Expected Date of Completion: ADSS
SPECT
2015
500 ÎźA proton beam with 15 MeV to 30 MeV energy
Utilization: 1. 2. 3.
PET and SPECT isotopes R&D Experiments in Material Sciences & radiochemistry
Experiments on liquid metal target
Radioisotopes to be Produced Radioisotope (T1/2)
Ga-67 (78.3 h)
Nuclear Reaction
68Zn(p,
Target Quantity per Run
Proton Energy (MeV)
Beam Current (mAmp)
Average Irradiation Time
2n) 67Ga
1 gr (98% enriched)
28.5
200 *
9.5 h
Tl-201 (73.5 h)
203Tl(p,
3n) 201Pb (9.4 h) (EC/b+) 201Pb 201Tl
1 gr (98% enriched)
28.5
200 *
9.5 h
In-111 (67.9 h)
112Cd(p,
1 gr (98% enriched)
28.5
200 *
9.5 h
FDG (1.8 h)
18O(p,
2 gr (95% enriched H218O)
18
40
1–2h
2n) 111In
n) 18F
* Wobbling
Medical Applications Radioisotope
Half â&#x20AC;&#x201C; life
Radiopharmaceutical
Diagnostic use
201Tl
73.5 hrs
[201Tl] Thallous chloride
Myocardial perfusion imaging
67Ga
78.3 hrs
[67Ga] Gallium citrate
Soft tissue tumour imaging (abscess and infection imaging)
123I
13.2 hrs
[123I] Sodium iodide
Thyroid uptake & imaging
[123I]
Monoclonal Cancer
antibody 111In
68 hrs
[111In] Peptide
Cancer
18F
110 min
[18F]
Regional glucose metabolism in brain, heart and tumour
Fluorodeoxyglucose
11/06/2012
ADSS Beam Line Area
June 6, 2014
Electrical Systems
Compressor Buliding
Blower Building
Water Tank
Sewage Treatment Plant
Loading Unloading Bay
Ready to Receive the Main Magnet!
Cyclotron Vault
Medical Cyclotron Kolkata: Front Expression
LANDSCAPE LEGENDS Sr. No.
PLANT PARTICULARS
QUANTITY (KG / NO)
1
PASPALUM NOTUDUM LAWN
4800 KG
2
KOREAN CARPET (2’ X 1’ SLAB)
13700
3
GOLDEN DURANTA
7200
4
ROYAL / BOTTLE PALMS
60
5
LAGERSTOEMEA THORELLI
20
6
CASSIA FISTULA
08
7
FOXTAIL PALM
45
8
BOTTLE BRUSH (WEEPING WILLOW)
02
9
SPATHODIA COMPANULATA
09
10
CANA GENARALLIS RED
125
11
CANA GENERALLIS YELLOW
125
12
IMPATIENS BALSAMIEA
800
13
LANTENA CAMERA LAVENDER
750
14
LANTENA CAMERA WHITE
750
15
FICUS STARLIGHT
20
16
SPATHYPHYLLUM INNOPHYLLUM
60
17
BEETLE NUT PALM
20
18
ARECA CATECHU PALM
32
19
CYCUS REVOLUTA PALM
01
20
TABEBUIEA AVELLENDI
04
21
POINSETTIAS
176
22
ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS
35
23
BOUGAINVELLIEA (PINK, WHITE, YELLOW, RED, MAGENTA)
400
24
BAUHINIEA PURPURIEA
02
25
THIVETIA NERIFOLIA
08
26
JAMUN TREE
01
27
CANA GENERALLIS (YELLOW & RED)
250
28
TRAVELLERS PALM (RAVENALA MADAGASCARENSIS)
01
THIVETIA NERIFOLIA
SPATHYPHYLLUM INNOPHYLUM KANCHAN
LAGERSTROEMIEA THORELLI
CASSIA FISTULA KOREAN CARPET FURCURIA LANTENA CAMERA
GOLDEN DURANTA
C
BOTTLE BRUSH FOXTAIL PALM
SPATHODIA COMPANULATA LILIES PASPALLUM LAWN
LANTENA CAMERA
STATUE / SCULPTURE
WATER BODY
FICUS STARLIGHT
CORDIA SEBESTINA
ARECA PALM
TABEBUIEA AVELLINDI
BUTEA MONOSPERMA
BRITTLENUT PALM
TRAVELLER PALM
CORDIA SEBESTINA
JAMUN TREE
Collaborations with FAIR & Fermi Lab
Development of superconducting RF cavity A SET OF DUMMY 650 MHZ HALF CELL CAVITY OF ALUMINUM IS MADE SUCCESSFULLY FOR HIGH ENERGY HIGH CURRENT (~1GEV, 20MA) PROTON LINEAR ACCELERATORS
Die-punch
CMM inspection
Formed dummy cavity
measured deviations
IIFC: Forming of Nb Half cell
Nb disc ready for deep drawing
Deep drawing press
Nb half cell after deep drawing Under Indian Institution and Fermilab Collaboration, design and fabrication of Superconducting RF cavity, 650 MHz, b=0.6 is under progress. First Nb half cell is made. Further work on building a single cell cavity is in progress.
VECC at India based Neutrino Observatory
Magnet coil, power supply and Bakelite RPCs
R&D for silver brazing of 30mm conductor at VECC
75 layer 1/8 scale ICAL module for Madurai
•Vendor development in progress •Conductor procurement in progress •Power supply design completed
Computation, IT & Automation
Building to house High Performance Computing Facility
Computing Resources – New Addition • 32 node blade servers • Theoretical peak performance: 7 Tera Flops • Processing Cores: 768 • CPU: AMD Opteron 6234 @ 2.4 GHz • Aggregate RAM: 2 TB
Protection of IT Assets • Security of IT devices, IT assets and underlying Operating System -- In line with the recommendations of the Computer Information Security Advisory Group (CISAG) of DAE •
Quarterly audit of the IT devices and IT services
•
New website of VECC is in conformance with the Guidelines for Indian Government Websites (GIGW)
•
Deployment of a centralised Anti-Virus for securing all the client machines connected to the VECC LAN
New website of VECC
Regular IT Services • Web page of VECC • E-mail • E-services • Administration, Accounts, Stores, Purchase, Security • Attendance, CHSS, Guest House
• Online submission and management of APAR, IPR • Online Ticket Request System (OTRS) • Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) for library
Cloud Storage Features
Architecture Client Apps
Own Cloud App
Client Apps
IP Network Gluster Global Namespace (NFS,CIFS etc.)
Application Data Gluster Virtual Storage Pool
Disk pool
Disk pool
• Online File Storage cloud. • Easy access to the files, folders, contacts etc. via web browser, desktop application etc. • Synchronizes the data across all the devices with version control. • Enables sharing of data within the VECC’s personnel and research teams. • Helps IT managers to enable backup facility for IT infrastructure. • Backup over ANUNET is under testing.
Development of Library Automation System •
Automation of would enable
VECC
library
– Users to issue, renew and return books directly from/to the kiosk – Library personnel to easily locate, shelve and perform stock verification – Protection against pilferage of library holdings
•
• •
Automation is based on electronics developed in-house and open source software (KOHA) Our development will supplant the existing commercial system It will free us from exorbitant upgrade and maintenance costs
Online Library Catalogue
Research on Autonomous Mobile Robot Navigation •
In many applications a mobile robot is required to navigate autonomously
•
The capabilities required for autonomous navigation include that of mapping and localization. We have – Developed method for building maps of indoor environments* – Developed method for localization in indoor environments
•
Application areas: Continuous radiation profiling around accelerators/nuclear power plants, transportation of hazardous material, remote survey and inspection and the like.
Maps built by the proposed method
*B. Sarkar, P. K. Pal, D. Sarkar, "Building maps of indoor environments by merging line segments extracted from registered laser range scans", Robotics and Autonomous Systems, volume 62 (2014) pp. 603–615.
Automatic Key Management System • The system will allow or restrict, depending upon authorization, the employees of an organization to withdraw and return keys of offices/laboratories from/to kiosk • ID card-based user authentication • Automated recording of all key transactions, enhancing security • Based on RFID technology • Lessen burden on security personnel.
Improvements in Our Fire & Safety Systems
Shobar upor manush shotto tahar upore nai - Chandidas
Improvements in Electrical Systems
33KV/433 VOLT SWITCHYARD
SCC- 2nd Feeder through Transformer-6
3200Amp. Sandwich Bus duct installed for SCC 2nd feeder
Renovation of Fencing & Painting of 33KV Switchyard
250 KVA, AMF â&#x20AC;&#x201C;Silent DG set at RRMC Thakurpukur: Commissioned
Solar Street Lights at Rajarhat Campus
33KV, 3rd Feeder from GIS sub station installed by WBSEDCL for increasing reliability of VECC Power
VECC & BRIT, Kolkata collaboration
99mTc-TCM-AUTOSOLEX ď&#x192;&#x2DC;Indigenous development of automated computer controlled 99mTc-TCMAUTOSOLEX module by VECC & BRIT, Kolkata for preparation of pharmaceutical grade 99mTc from (n, g) 99Mo (produced at BARC reactor) for societal benefits.
Chemical Process Unit
PC based GUI showing the Process Schematic & Operational Status
99mTc-TCM-AUTOSOLEX:
The system has been thoroughly tested and put to use at RRMC, VECC, Thakurpukur. 1st clinical studies of 99mTc obtained from TCM-AUTOSOLEX module was performed at RRMC, VECC, Thakurpukur, Kolkata on 24.10.2013. More than 70 clinical studies have been carried out successfully till December, 2013 at RRMC, VECC, Thakurpukur, using various radiopharmaceuticals prepared from the 99mTc obtained from this module.
Utilization
99mTc-TCM-AUTOSOLEX
ď&#x192;&#x2DC;Enhanced radiological and pharmaceutical safety as well as enhanced capacity to handle much larger quantity of low-medium specific activity Mo-99. ď&#x192;&#x2DC; As per the request from CE, BRIT, 5 Autosolex Electronics Modules has been fabricated at VECC and is being given to BRIT, Mumbai for commercialization of the unit.
99mTc-TCM-AUTODOWNA:
Development
ď&#x192;&#x2DC; Under the IAEA Coordinate Reaearch Project (CRP) on direct production of 99mTc in cyclotron, separation of technetium radionuclide from the irradiated Mo target by a new method was studied and the suitability of the quality was ascertained as compared to those produced by standard methods.
Chemical process scheme
ď&#x192;&#x2DC;The unit may also be used for separation of 99mTc from (n, g) 99Mo, produced at BARC reactor.
99mTc-TCM-AUTODOWNA:
Development
ď&#x192;&#x2DC;The Chemical processing was automated and computer controlled.
Chemical process unit
Automation Electronics
Electronics Module Front Panel
Visions of 68Ge/68Ga Generator • Use of 68Ge/68Ga generator which is used to make 68Ga-base PET radiopharmaceuticals is growing. • We have planned to produce this generator using medical cyclotron Target holder for Ga metal irradiation produced 68Ge. Achievements: SS Nb 68 • Produced a few mCi Ge using VECC cyclotron by Zn(p,2n) and Ga(p,2n) reaction • Prepared a SnO2 based 68Ge/68Ga generators and evaluated their performance for more that 1 year. Average elution efficiency has been 55% . Work needs to be done: • Designing and fabrication of target holder with adequate cooling arrangements for irradiation of Ga metal (m.p. 30 oC) target with 25-50μA proton beam
SETUP FOR GAS IRRADIATION BY PROTON BEAM (10 µA) GAS IN/OUT
INSULATOR
PROTON BEAM
GAS IRRADIATION ALALLOY ENCLOSURE: Ø25.4mm x 490 mm lg UP-STREAM FEED-THRU COOLING
LCW OUT
LCW IN
300 oC 600 oC 900 oC
Temp. profile of the window foil (25μ HAVAR)
Fulfilling Dreams of Future: 22Na production in Medical Cyclotron 22Na
is often used as a positron source in calibrating ion chambers and PET cameras to study damage in material using positron annihilation Since there is demand for this radioisotope we have considered to produce this radioisotpe in the upcoming medical cyclotron facility.
Achievements: A gas target irradiation chamber has been designed to produce 22Na by 22Ne(p, n)22Na reaction on Ne gas at 8 bar pressure using 17 MeV, 10 μA proton beam. The target holder is in advance stage of fabrication and it will be tested soon for irradiation of Ne gas.
Regional Radiation Medicine Centre
DUAL HEAD GAMMA CAMERA
One More To Come
NUCLEAR IMAGING AT RRMC-2012 PERCENTAGE OF DIFFERENT NUCLEAR SCANS- 2012 Hepato-biliary 4% I-131 Large dose 6%
Other >1% DMSA 8% BONE 32%
THYROI D 16% RENOGRA M 34%
Bone
490
Renogram
525
Thyroid
240
I-131 Large dose
92
Hepatobiliary
54
DMSA
120
Other
08
Total
1569
Skeletal Metastases( CA Breast)
AUTOMATIC MULTIDETECTOR RIA COUNTER
I-131 UPTAKE PROBE
STATISTICS OF HIGH DOSE I-131 THERAPY OF CA THYROID- 2012 7 6 5
Whole Body I-131 ScanSkeletal Metastases From CA Thyroid
4 3 2 1 0 1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Bar Chart of Statistics of I-131 therapy of CA Thyroid2012 Month
Jan.
Feb.
Mar
Apr
May
Jun.
Jul
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov
Dec
Total
CA Thyroid Therapy
04
02
04
05
06
06
05
05
07
00
01
04
49
Tc-99m MIBI BREAST TUMOR IMAGING
Tc-99 m HAS NANOCOLLOID LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY
I-131 Therapy Facility at RRMC, Saroj Gupta CC&RI. Presently One bed. Proposed to augment it to two beds with additional delay tank of 8000 litres Location of existing delay tanks
New 8000 L delay tank to be built near existing delay tanks
And Basic Research
Measurement of lifetimes ~ picoseconds through Mirror Symmetric Centroid Difference Technique in odd-odd 146Eu A new and outstanding technique for measurement of ps lifetimes - explored first time in India Makes the first step forward towards the complete spectroscopy of nuclei at VECC Establishes the validity of Z = 64 subshell closure for N = 83 odd-odd Eu. Produced with 4He beam from K = 130 cyclotron and studied with LaBr3 (Ce) detectors
146Eu
T. Bhattacharjee, D. Banerjee, S. K. Das et al., Phys. Rev. C88, 014313 (2013)
Measurement of Level Lifetime and Quadrupole Moment in Neutron Rich 131,132I Nuclei 131I
: Ex = 1899 keV
0.2
(81-102) keV
Q = 275.26 (15.07) MHz
1000
(102-81) keV
No. of Events
200
: Ex = 49 keV
Q ~ Q* Vzz
0.1
A2G2(t)
No. of Events
132I
0.0
-0.1
1000
-0.2
200 188.0 188.5 189.0 189.5 190.0 190.5 191.0 191.5 192.0
Time (ns)
0
1
2
3
Time (ns)
: Ex = 162 keV
132I
4
5
6
(116-111) keV
1000
200
(111-116) keV
1000
200
188.3 189.0 189.7 190.4 191.1 191.8
Time (ns)
The MSCD technique successfully applied for the neutron rich Iodine nuclei around 132Sn shell closure - Touches important milestone for MSCD technique in weakly populated nuclear levels in presence of the isotopic contamination Produced via fission reaction followed by radio-chemical separation t ≤ 8 ps for the 162 keV level of 132I and 1899 keV level of 131I; wQ (quadrupole frequency) = 275.26 MHz for 49 keV level of 132I D. Banerjee, A. Saha, T. Bhattacharjee et al., Conf. proc. on 75 years of nuclear fissionpresent status and future perspective, held at BARC May 08 - 10; pp 72 (2014)
Measurement of b-decay with planar Ge LEPS Detector A significant achievement has been made for the measurement of long lived beta decaying isomers in neutron rich nuclei
ď&#x192;ź Another step forward towards the complete spectroscopy of nuclei with K = 130 cyclotron at VECC.
T. Bhattacharjee, D. Pandit, S. K. Das et al., arXiv: 095813 [nucl-ex] 16 Apr. 2014, submitted in NIMA
ď&#x192;ź Measurement was carried out with one segmented planar Ge LEPS and one 10% HPGe
Symmetry Energy from Nuclear Multifragmentation Primary Fragments Input Csym= 23.5 MeV
CM
Input Csym = 23.5 MeV Grand Canonical Model yields from primary fragments give proper results for Csym. Results from experimental yields or secondary fragments might lead to wrong conclusion
GCM
Canonical Model 30 CM=Canonical Model GCM=Grand Canonical Model Csym/T from secondary fragments match with data.
58Ni
+9Be
140 MeV/n
124Xe
+ 208Pb
1 GeV/n
primary
Values from primary fragments much lower.
Ref. S. Mallik and G. Chaudhuri, Phys. Rev. C 87, 011602 (2013) (Rapid Communication) S. Mallik and G. Chaudhuri ,Phys. Lett. B 727 (2013) 282
Transformation between statistical ensembles in multifragmentation Eq. (1) QC â&#x2020;&#x2019; observable in canonical
QGC â&#x2020;&#x2019; observable in grand canonical
The equation can be used to extract canonical values from grand canonical results
Observable (At T=4 MeV)
Average Multiplicity Average size of Largest Cluster
Fragmenting System Mass
Grand Canonical Ensemble Result
Canonical Ensemble Result
(From Grand Canonical Model)
From Eq. (1)
From Canonical Model
50
1.854
1.955
1.926
200
7.415
7.516
7.518
50
33.285
44.312
43.533
200
62.245
65.956
66.086
Ref. G. Chaudhuri, F. Gulminelli and S. Mallik Phys. Lett. B 724 (2013) 115
Transport model (BUU) calculation for estimating initial conditions of projectile fragmentation 124Sn+ 119Sn
600 A MeV (GSI Experiment) Temperature Profile
PLF Identification Time=200 fm/c
3
9
0
PLF
-1x10
3
-2x10
3
0
50 100 150 200
z (fm)
Red Points → Projectile Test Particles Green Points → Target Test Particles
Z axis: Beam Direction
T (MeV)
pzc (MeV)
1x10
6 3 0 0.0
0.5 As/A0
1.0
Solid line → Transport model calculation Dashed line → Parameterized from data
As: PLF Mass A0=Projectile Mass
Ref. S. Das Gupta, S. Mallik and G. Chaudhuri ,Phys. Lett. B 726 (2013) 427 S. Mallik, S. Das Gupta and G. Chaudhuri, Phys. Rev. C 89, 044614 (2014)
Future Plans:To develop a hybrid model (dynamical+statistical) for studying central collision reactions around Fermi energy domain. To study the liquid gas phase transition from dynamical model (BUU) of nuclear multifragmentation. To study production of hypernuclei in projectile fragmentation.
Fission lifetime of highly excited (EX> 50 MeV) trans-uranium nuclei.
So, for X ray and Crystal Blocking Techniques, measured Fission Lifetime should be 10-18 sec + 10-21 sec â&#x2030;&#x2C6; 10-18 sec .
INDIRECT METHOD- Pre-scission neutron multiplicity measurement and GDR technique ~ 10-20 sec - 10-21 sec. ( Model Dependent) DIRECT METHOD- X-ray and crystal blocking techniques ~ 10-18 sec. Large discrepancy observed between two methods. Might be due to Quantum Decoherence Effect
4He
(60 MeV) on 238U target produces 242Pu. Observation of broadened characteristics Pu K Xray (103.5 keV) would imply fission lifetime ~ 10-18 sec. - 10-21 sec ~ 10-18 sec
Initial Data A X-ray peak in coincidence with fission fragments seems to be emerging at 105.5 keV. Can it be because of highly deformed Pu near saddle? New observatio n.
Confirmation needs more data.
Hoyle state: Direct decays Vs Sequential decays ? The Hoyle state, second 02+ resonant excited state of 12C at an excitation energy of 7.654 MeV, plays an important role to understand a variety of problems of nuclear astrophysics like elemental abundance in the universe as well as the stellar nucleo synthesis process as a whole . The structure of this state is highly exotic, there are many unanswered questions regarding the configuration of this state;
Difficult to explain by the shell model
2+, 4.4 MeV
Predicted to be a 3-alpha cluster system Configuration ??
– Linear chain α Loosely coupled 3α structure clusters (gas-like
12C
0+, g. s
3α-clusters condensate in the lowest S-orbit
Direct Decay : 12C (a, aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;) 3a at 60 MeV The Experiment
of Hoyle State
Two DSSD
Strip Detector telescopes
Target of thickness ~ 90 mg/cm2 Detectors used: Two DSSD (500 mm) in forward direction and one strip detector telescope (SSSD, 50 mm + DSSD, 500 mm) in backward direction.
Target
Complete kinematics : fully detected events only : very high statistics
Sequential vs. Direct Decay :: Dalitz Plot Experiment …………
Direct Decay
Present Results : vis-a-vis earlier measurements
Total events DDE (%) DDL (%) DD (%) Total (%) CL ∼2000a – – – <4 99.5 ~1000b 7.5(4) 9.5(4) – 17(5) ∼4000b <0.45 – <3.9 <4.35 99.75 ∼5000a <0.09 <0.09 <0.5 <0.68 95 ∼20000a 0.3(1) 0.01(3) 0.60(9) 0.91(14) _______________________________________________________________ a : fully detected event; b : 3-a reconstructed event
Observation 1 : Total direct decay < 1%; not 17% as determined earlier Observation 2 : 0.3% of events carry signatures of nuclear-BEC (not 7.5%) Observation 3 : Upper limit of Linear chain structure : 0.1% at 99.75% CL
Yield (arb unit) / (0.5 MeV) Yield (arb unit) / (0.5 MeV)
1
1Temperature 5F
=10 3
& angular momentum dependence of the GDR Width Critical Temperature Fluctuation Model (CTFM) 3 15 5020MeV 20 25 5F =10 25
42 MeV
15
3
34
GDR
X Axis X Axis 50 MeV K-130 F =room 2 42temperature MeV 3 F = 2 cyclotron
23
4He
12
2 97 + 93Nb Tc* 2
Elab = (28, 35, 42,150 MeV) 1
> 10 4
5F
20MeV 25 =10 3 X15Axis 42
3
15
X Axis
2
3
1
1 55F > 10 154220 20 25 10 25 4 15 MeV Axis EgX(MeV)
122
5020MeV 25
15X 50 20MeV 25 Axis X Axis
3
1
2025 5020MeV 5F5>10 41015 15
1
5
Eg (MeV)
6
5
10 15 20 25
Eg (MeV)
CTFM 0.0
0.5
1.5
T=1.35 MeV
0
Temperature (MeV)
2.0
Physics Letters B 731 (2014) 92
(a)
0 = 5.7 MeV 20 CTFM 30 40 50 60 T MeV Angular ( ) c = 0.92Momentum
152Gd
10
T=1.6 MeV 144Sm 144Sm (b) Tc =
CTFM 0 = 5.7 MeV Tc = 0.92 MeV
152Gd
(b)
20 30 40 50 Angular Momentum ( )
60
20 30 40 50 Angular Momentum ( )
60
T=1.65 MeV
8
2.5
0.88 T = 1.55 MeV
T=1.3 MeV
0.4 6 0.3
10 10 0 T=1.9 MeV
No Shell Effect 1.0
T=1.7 MeV
8 6 12
CTFM 0 = 4.4 MeV Tc = 0.88 MeV
144Sm
0.2 12 0.1
CTFM
4
10
8 0.5
New Data TSFM 10 15 20 25
(a)
10 0.6
X Axis E g (MeV)
2
101
12
25
<b>
GDR width (MeV)
3 5F =103
15
2
1
8
>104
2
2
3
5F
25 4220MeV
GDR Width (MeV)
3
5F
GDR Width (MeV)
1
0
10
Phys Rev C 88, 054327 (2013)
High resolution, Highly Granular Si-Strip, CsI(Tl) Array Array ready with electronics No. of Telescopes : 24
No. of signals : 1248
(16x3x 24 Si-strip + 4x 24 CsI(Tl) )
Structure f 26Al studied by one -nucleon transfer reaction 27Al(d,t) Experiment was performed at VECC, Kolkata using 25 MeV deuteron beam Typical Two Dimensional Spectrum Obtained at Ѳ=37°
DE (Channel no.)
Strip detector telescope – DE (55 mm) + E (1030 mm)+ 2 CsI (Tl) (6cm)
3He
p d
a
t
Total Energy ( Channel no. )
Counts
Excitation energy spectrum of 26Al at q lab = 37 0
Angular distribution for 5+ and 0+ excited states of 26Al
Triangular flow of thermal photons for 0â&#x20AC;&#x201C;40% central collisions of Pb nuclei at LHC R. Chatterjee, DKS, T. Renk, arXiv:1401.7464
v3(PP) is non-zero, positive and its pT dependence is qualitatively similar to the elliptic flow parameter v2(PP).
The
Effects in the medium
cross-section changes in the medium and so do the transport coefficients.
S. Mitra & S. Sarkar, PRD-2013 & PRD-2014
Sub-threshold decay modes of the J/ψ open up due to spectral changes of D & D* mesons.
S.Ghosh, S Mitra & S. Sarkar, NPA 2013
The ω meson broadens with increasing density and temperature. S.Ghosh & S. Sarkar, EPJA 2013
Response of viscous quark gluon plasma to heavy quarks
Temperature variation of diffusion (left) and drag (right) coefficients of heavy quarks in a viscous quark gluon plasma.
Role of hadronic matter in heavy flavour suppression
RHIC
LHC
Suppression of heavy flavours in hot QGP and hadronic medium
The role of hadronic phase is marginalized at LHC
Indian National Gamma
A Powerful tool to probe shapes and shells of the nucleus INGA @ VECC
Array
Planned experimental campaign with light ion beam @ VECC 32 proposals received !
Charged Particle Activation Analysis Nuclear
Ion beam high Target atom energy
+
Reaction
Emitted particles
Isotopes
Suitable Isotopes are produced with convenient half-lives (a few min. to several months) and grays : (50 to 2000 keV) having good intensity Charged particles used : High energy ion beams, like p, d : 10 – 30 MeV, a -particle : 40 – 50 MeV Sample (with unknown amount of impurity) and standard (known amount) were to undergone irradiation with same ion beam having same energy producing same radioisotopes. The γ-activity of isotopes in both sample and standard measured to get the amount of impurity 15 MeV proton was chosen for the determination of impurity in graphite and alumina materials to produce suitable isotopes by preferably (p, n) reaction. The sensitivity could be enhanced to ppm (parts per million) to ppb (parts per billion) levels by CPAA technique. High purity graphite and alumina materials used in our Indian power reactor are characterized to determine the impurity elements present to certify their reactor grade purity.
Determination of As(III) & As(V) individually in ground water from Charged Particle Activation Analysis using protons from the Cyclotron
Water condenser
On line camera
Water sample
â&#x20AC;˘First report of on-line irradiation of liquids at an accelerator at a high beam current.
Proton beam
18 MeV, 0.5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1.0 mA protons. 75As(p,
n)75Se
Water samples from 24 Parganas (North): As(III) & As(IV) 100-200 ppb!!!! SAFE
Thin Layer Activation Analysis Sensitive & powerful nuclear analytical technique to measure surface loss of materials in nanometer to micrometer level by producing of thin layer of activity of isotopes in surface by nuclear reaction using high energy ion beams like p, a-particles Applied to measure the surface loss of zircaloy base material of fuel element during laser ablation process used for cleaning the adhered MOX powder from clad surface. MOX Fuel pellets
U & Pu mixed oxide (MOX) fuel particulates
Vacuum chamber Laser beam Zircaloy fuel element Wall – thickness ~ 1 mm Laser ablation process with Nd-YAG laser Laser pulse : 1064 nm, 300 ps to 1.5 ns • 40 MeV a used to generate TLA activity of isotopes of
92mNb
and
95Nb
(150 – 200 mm) in
surface of fuel element • Laser power of 200 mJ/cm2 (used for cleaning) : causes surface loss of base materials < 80 nm (Not significant) • As laser power enhanced to 20 J/cm2 : loss of base materials occurred in the micron order • Total loss up to laser power applied 15 kJ : Loss ~ 60 mm
Material Science & Radiation Damage Studies
Bismuth Ferrite (BFO) nanorod • Sp. Capacitance estimated to be > 450 F/gm! • Sensationally high. •Ideal for electrode with energy storage. •Series of such BFO nanorods would be ideal as capacitors
Scanning Electron Microscope image of BiFeO3 nanorods protruding out of nanopores on anodized alumina template. Average protruded length is 1µm, whereas thickness of anodized alumina template is 60µm. (Weight of BFO is 40µgms and weight of template is 13.3mg.)
Cond-Mat arxiv 1309.6764
STUDY OF COMPLEX EVOLUTION OF TEXTURE OF HEAVILY DEFORMED COPPER USING HIGH TEMPERATURE XRD
2 th
eta
(de
(311)
(220)
(200)
60
o
Annealed (200 C)
Deformed (80% rolled)
gre
90 es)
Change in texture during re-crystallisation
0.38
185 C 200 C
0.25
0.13
{111} 0.00
102
103
104
Time (secs)
105
Stored energy (J/g)
100 80 60 40 20 0
Stored energy (J/g)
Plausible explanation of change of macro-texture : deformation texture re-crystallization texture Release of stored energy along different planes followed using time dependent XRD
(111)
3
) (x10 counts Intensity
Temperature and time dependent XRD study on 80% cold rolled Copper
185 C 200 C
0.12 0.08 0.04
{220} 0.00
102
103
104
105
Time (secs)
Distinct change in the release of stored energy with time gives a strong signature about the difference in the locked up micro-stress along different crystallographic directions
Radiation damage of nuclear structural materials using VEC beam - Collaborative studies with BARC Proton irradiation (5MeV) of Zr-1%Nb samples (annealed at 565C for 4 hrs) doses 5x1016 p/cm2 and 7x1017 p/cm2
Zr-1%Nb alloy - Cladding material for 1000 MWe VVER type pressurized water reactors
Characterization of the inhomogeneous damage profile using •Grazing Incidence XRD – using SYNCHROTRON - RRCAT l = 0.709Å •Wide-angle XRD – VECC l = 1.54 Å
unirr 5x1016 7x1017
1.4x10-3
Pv(L)
1.2x10-3
2
1.0x10-3 8.0x10-4
Wide- angle XRD
6.0x10-4 4.0x10-4
Samples Unirradiated 5x1016
p/cm2
7x1017p/cm2
Surface weighted Domain size (Å) 711 438
Microstrain
294
1.09x10-3
3.72x10-4 1.02x10-3
2.0x10-4 0.0
0
2000 L (Å)
4000
Narrower size distribution of domain with increasing dose
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Unirr 5x1016 7x1017
0
500
1000 L (Å)
1500
2000
Change in strain field due to individual dislocations and dislocations forming domains with increasing dose
Results of Nano-indentation Instrumented Hardness (GPa)
5
1.6x10-3
< (L)> x10
Damage profile as a function of depth
2.5
5E16 7E17
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Distance from irradiated surface (mm)
Understanding the interaction of irradiation induced defects with nucleation and propagation of dislocations during nano-indentation using MD simulation and comparison with ECR irradiated T91
Unloading Loading
Pure Fe
T91 Steel – Candidate material for fusion reactors accelerator driven spallation neutron source and generation IV reactors
Irradiation done at ECR source - Ar 9+ •2x1015 Ar9+/cm2 •4x1015Ar9+/cm2 •8x1015 Ar9+/cm2
Normalized load
Dislocation density (x1012 ) /m2
- Collaborative studies with BARC
Loading
Unloading
Fe -10%Cr
Depth of indentation (nm) Dislocation density evolution during indentation of Fe and Fe-10%Cr with pre existing dislocation loops
Normalized depth of indentation
Comparison of experimental (different dpa ) and MD simulated load vs. depth of indentation curves
New framework to yield the statistics of dislocation pinning at defects In general, mean value of defect size distribution is considered : averaging out the original statistics obscures the valuable info regarding evolution of microstructure in radiation damage studies
10
15
10
13
10
11
10
initial void [1] dist.
pinned void dist.
9
dN o dr 0
2
T= 803K
-3
T= 653K
Number density (cm )
-3
Pinning statistics for nanovoids in irradiated type 316-SS at neutron fluence of 6×1022 neutrons/cm2
Number density (cm )
We derive a closed-form solution to yield number of dislocations pinned by defects (voids, bubbles, precipitates etc.) within a Application: given size-range
4 6 8 10 12 14 Void radius (nm)
12
10
11
10
10
10
10
pinned void dist.
initial [1] void dist.
dN o dr 20 30 40 50 Void radius (nm)
Crossover from rare pinning to multiple pinning with increasing irradiation temperature New aspects of collective dislocation behavior revealed which are inaccessible without statistical info A. Dutta, M. Bhattacharya & P. Barat, 2014 (submitted) Ref [1]: Void size distribution data : D. Olander, Fundamental Aspects of Nuclear Reactor Fuel Elements. Springfield, VA, 1976
Future Ahead Ion Irradiation of nuclear structural materials (emphasizing bcc and fcc class of materials) Emulating neutron damage for future high temperature reactors â&#x20AC;˘VEC (proton, alpha) â&#x20AC;˘ DAE Medical Cyclotron
Study of thermophysical properties, thermodynamics and kinetics of defects
Structural integrity of material !! Modeling and Simulation of defect dynamics
Design and fabrication of high temperature irradiation flange
Quantifications of lattice imperfections (point defects, dislocations, defect clusters, voids, etc.)
High Energy Nuclear Physics
Detectors for STAR@BNL 11 Large multi-gap RPCs built at VECC have been dispatched to U. Texas Austin as part of the STAR-Muon telescope detector programme One module tested OK at University of Tsinghua, China
Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) for the STAR experiment at BNL-USA 11 modules built at VECC dispatched to Univ of Texas for testing and integration Large MRPC module (1m x 0.5 m)
Packing of modules
Ready to go 202
Grid computing centre for ALICE@CERN • Pledged resources fully implemented at VECC tier-2 centre • Tier-2 centre at VECC is working with >100% of pledged resources, 95% reliability • Multi-threading implemented to enhance computing resources • Expansion for 6x computing power and 10x disk capacity being planned
KOLKATA TIER-2 CENTRE CONTRIBUTION 700 jobs running for last 6 months. Number of jobs increased from 450 to 700 without adding new resources. Enabled hyperthreading on each Worker Node
More than 350000 Jobs Successfully completed during last six months
Month
Site Name
April-14 IN-DAE-VECC-02 March-14 IN-DAE-VECC-02
which is 1.75% of total ALICE job
Pledged Pledged (HEP CPU Spec06 Hrs) Used Hrs
6000 6000
3,024,000 3,124,800
3,847,468 4,503,244
Used as %of Pledge
127% 144%
Kolkata Tier-2 running satisfactorily and contributing more than 100% of its pledge to ALICE, without adding new resources. Kolkata Tier-2 Resources will be increased as per ALICE resource contribution M&O A rule. 204
VECC’s Participation in FAIR program 1. Design of superconducting magnets completed, new layout is being designed 2. Power converter prototype built, contract signed with ECIL for production 3. Co-ordination of FAIR activities in India 4. Leader of the International team building muon chambers for CBM experiment at FAIR 5. Technical Design Report (TDR) submitted to FAIR 6. Delivered plenary presentation on “physics at FAIR” at the Quark Matter 2014 conference at Darmstadt, Germany
31 cm x 31 cm size triple GEM detector built at VECC
Tested at Juelich-Germany
)
FAIR Power converters prototype built at VECC
Contract signed with ECIL and FAIR production of power converters
Beam Energy Scan at RHIC √sNN = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39 GeV (Au+Au collisions)
Study QCD Phase Structure • Signals for onset of sQGP • Signals for phase boundary • Signals for critical point VECC scientists are taking a major role in the Beam Energy Scan program for locating the Critical Point by using Fluctuation measures:
• Higher moments of conserved quantities • Charged-Neutral Correlations using PMD and FTPC
Higher moments of Net-charge distributions STAR Collaboration Work done at VECC •
No non-monotonic behaviour • Need higher statistics BES-II data First Time: LATTICE MEETS EXPERIMENT:
e-Print: arXiv:1402.1558 [nucl-ex]
• Used to determine Freezeout parameters by comparing with Lattice QCD Calculations: • Freeze-out temperatures in the range 135 – 151 MeV • Baryonic Chemical potentials in the range 326 – 23 MeV
Charge-neutral correlation using PMD-FTPC ng-ch
STAR Collaboration Work done at VECC
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
-0.01
10
Same side
PMD-FTPCE
50
Anomalous pion production
HIJING GEANT+HIJING Data Mixed Poisson
Hadron Gas Non-zero chiral condensat e
-0.02
Metastable domains Disoriente d Chiral condensat e
20 30 40 ¾¾¾¾¾¾ ÖáNchñ áNgñ
QGP Melting of chiral condensat e
60
ng-ch
10 GEANT+HIJING HIJING Data Mixed Poisson
60
• Might indicate dynamical signal is of localized nature.
Au+Au 200 GeV PMD-FTPCW
50
• Deviation from models observed only in the same acceptance.
20 30 40 ¾¾¾¾¾¾ ÖáNchñ áNgñ
Away side
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
-0.02
Comm on Cover age
Inclusive photon production at forward rapidities in proton-proton collisions at c.m. energies of 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV ALICE 0.9 TeV ALICE 2.76 TeV ALICE 7 TeV
Probability P(Ng ) á Ng ñ
1
Results from ALICE - PMD Work done at VECC
10-1 20 ALICE (pp) NSD -2
10
15
INEL
10-3
á Ng ñ
2.3 < h < 3.9
ALICE (2.76 TeV/0.9 TeV) ALICE (7 TeV/0.9 TeV)
3 Ratio
ALICE (pp) INEL
UA5 (pp) NSD
10
A + B log s b
Power law (a s )
2.3 < h < 3.9
5
2 1 0
0
1
2
3
4
z = Ng / á Ng ñ
5
6
7
a = 0.78 ± 0.15
B = 1.76 ± 0.17
b = 0.28 ± 0.02
3
10
0
A = -6.60 ± 1.20
s (GeV)
Under Collaboration Review
104
5
10
Forward-Backward multiplicity correlations in proton-proton collisions at c.m. energies of 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV ALICE Collaboration â&#x20AC;&#x201C; work done at VECC
â&#x20AC;˘ Increase of correlation with the increase in collision energy Paper under Collaboration Review
ALICE Upgrade: target LS2 (2018) • Scope: • Precision studies of charm, beauty, baryons and charmonia • Low mass lepton pairs and thermal photons • Gamma-jet and jet-jet with PID from low pT up to 30 GeV. • Heavy nuclear states • Low-transverse momentum observables (flow, fluctuations)
• •
Not triggerable: Need to examine full statistics
Operate at high rate (50 kHz compared to present rate of 500 Hz for Pb-Pb) • VECC participation •
TPC Upgrade (GEM detectors) Common Readout Unit (CRU) • FoCal (for LS3)
ALICE TPC with GEMs: Tests at VECC
Replace wire chambers With GEM chambers
55Fe
Spectrum
Various tests of GEM detectors done in the lab.
ALICE Common Readout Units (CRU) VECC, Kolkata INDIA Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary CERN
• CRU interfaces various detectors and CTP to DAQ • Scheme based on up-todate FPGA technology • VECC has major responsibility for design, firmware and fabrications
Tests at using FPGA development boards
ALICE FoCal: Results of beam test To be published in NIM-A MIP Response At 2X0 At 3X0 At 4X0 After 2X 0 (Sum Signal) After 3X 0 (Sum Signal) After 4X 0 (Sum Signal)
1000
ADC
800
600
400
200
Calibration Curve 0
0
5
10
15
20
Edep (MeV)
Pions
Electrons
• Collaboration: VECC & BARC • Silicon pad detectors: Bharat Electronics Limited
The proton-proton collision at LHC Present Understanding • Elementary interaction • No medium, whatsoever. Transverse radial velocity
The high multiplicity events at the LHC exhibit features resembling heavy-ion collisions – collectivity ! Collectivity in pp collisions is indeed indicated by work from VECC: J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 41 (2014) 035106 In terms of Transverse flow velocity
Proposal of VECC - Mexico University collaboration on Physics of high-multiplicity pp collisions.
Pb+Pb@LHC: Energy Density and Temperature as a function of time e-Print: arXiv:1405.3969
(2+1)-dimensional event-by-event Hydrodynamic Calculations Large bin-to-bin fluctuations in Energy Density and Temperature at early times
Maps of the Little Bang through Temperature Fluctuations
e-Print: arXiv:1405.3969
Measuring the Masses of Nuclei & Neutrinos to Extreme Precision
TRAP ELECTRODES FABRICATED AT VECC WORKSHOP with critical tolerance
19 pin Electrical, Vacuum Feedthrough tested down to 77K for several times successfully.
Planned commissioning by 2015.
Trap electronics tested at 77K. Cryogenic switches tested at 77K. Electron Field emission tested at 77K.
Neutrino mass determination by high precision kinetic energy measurement with Penning Trap.
Connecting with the World at Large
Journal Publications (2013-14) : 153 22
22 Nuclear Theory
11
Nuclear Expt (HE) 17
Nuclear Expt (LE) 50 31
Mat. Sc. Accl. Phys. Others
Conference Contributions (2013-14) : 106
CI wise summary of publication record for the period 2009-2013 Constituent Institution
Sr. No.
TP
APY
TC
ACP h-Index
AIF
IF Range (JCR 2012)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
BARC IGCAR SINP TMC RRCAT
6978 1741 1572 935 827
1395.60 348.20 314.40 187.00 165.40
30684 4964 10405 5002 2312
4.40 2.85 6.62 5.35 2.80
45 22 38 27 16
2.11 1.51 3.11 2.85 1.76
0.00 - 41.30 0.00 - 09.74 0.00 - 44.98 0.00 - 51.66 0.00 - 38.60
6.
VECC
656
131.20
5576
8.50
36
3.11
0.00 - 38.60
7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
IMSc IoP IPR HRI NISER-IoP
629 596 521 495 244
125.80 119.20 104.20 99.00 48.80
2403 4826 1193 3480 841
3.82 8.10 2.29 7.03 3.45
23 33 11 26 13
2.39 3.33 1.54 3.77 3.72
0.00 - 44.98 0.00 - 38.60 0.00 - 09.74 0.00 - 22.93 0.00 - 35.75
15194 3038.80
71686
4.72
-
2.34
Total
-
TP=Total Publications; APY=Average Publications per Year; TC=Total Citations; ACP=Average Citations per Publication; AIF=Average Impact Factor per Publication; JCR=Journal Citations Report
Received from HBNI, Compiled by Dr K. Bhanumurthy (BARC Library)
Conferences, Symposia, Workshops, .. 1. Summer School on Nuclear Fission and Related Phenomena (May 13-23, 2014). 2. 6th Asian Nuclear Physics Association Symposium (February 19-21, 2014). 3. Workshop on Prevention and Response to Nuclear/ Radiological Emergencies (February 6-7, 2014). 4. International Seminar on Application of Communication and Information Technology in Library (January 28-30, 2014). 5. Rastriya Vaigyanik Sangosthi (January 8-9, 2014) 6. DAE-BRNS Indian Particle Accelerator Conference 2013 (November 19-23, 2013)
6th Asian Nuclear Physics Association Symposium (ANPhAS) held at VECC during 19-21st February, 2014 Sponsored by Centre for Nuclear Theory Project About 100 participants From 6 different countries: India, China, Japan, Taiwan, Australia and Germany Program consisted of address (Dr. B.C. • Key note Sinha) • 34 presentations • Board meeting The main objectives of ANPhA are:• Panel discussion To strengthen "Collaboration" among Asian nuclear research scientists through promotion of nuclear physics and its transdisciplinary use and applications. To promote "Education" in Asian nuclear science through mutual exchange and coordination in the Asian nuclear science communities. To encourage "Coordination" among Asian nuclear scientists by actively utilizing existing research facilities. To discuss “future planning” of the nuclear science facilities and instrumentation among member countries.
Celebrating 75th year of the discovery of nuclear fission
VECC celebrated 75 years of discovery of nuclear fission with 38 PhD students and 15 Faculty members from India and abroad. This is the first summer school sponsored by Centre for Nuclear Theory project at VECC
National Science Day Celebration and Student Visits VECC celebrated National Science Day on February 28, 2014. The main theme of the celebration for the current year : “Fostering Scientific Temper”. Whole day program : scientific seminars, quiz and debate competition Overwhelming participation of students and teachers from various colleges and schools National Science Day Celebration
Student Visits during 2013-2014:
Supreme Knowledge Foundation Group of Institution, Mankundu Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Kolkata St. Anthony's College, Shilong Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata Advanced Training Institute, Dasnagar Raghunathpur Girls High School , Raghunathpur Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandir, Belur Jadavpur University, Kolkata
Students of Lady Brabourne College at the cyclotron control room
Participation of VECC at Science Exhibition
Satyendranath Bose Smarak Bigyan-O-Projukti Mela at Hedua, Kolkata
National Science Exhibition 21-09-2014 to 25-09-2014 at Belur Vidyamandir Ground, Belur Math, Howrah
Shri Arup Roy , Hon’ble Minster of West Bengal Govt. visited VECC stall
29-01-2014 to 02-02-2014
Students and Teachers from Belur Vidyamandir, Belur Shilpa Mandir, and from many other neighbouring Schools visited the stall
DAE Awards to VECC Groups and Scientists GROUP ACHIEVEMENT AWARD Dr. Sailajananda Bhattacharya, Head, Physics Group, (Total 14 persons)
Development of different types of neutron detectors at VECC
Shri Gautam Pal, Head, Mechanical Engg. Group, (Total 31 persons)
K130 Cyclotron – Improvement of Vacuum System.
Dr. Alok Chakrabarti, Associate Director (Accelerators), R&D activities on production, acceleration (Total 24 persons) and use of Radioactive Ion beams at VECC
SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE AWARD Shri Chinmay Nandi, ATD (M), Mechanical Engineering Group. Dr. Sarmishtha Bhattacharyya, Exp. Nucl. Physics Division, Physics Group.
Developing the cryogen delivery system, magnetic field measuring system, beam transport system for SCC and designing a large aperture high quality spectrometer electromagnet.
Nuclear Structure Studies with gamma ray spectroscopy
YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD Dr. Jhilam Sadhukhan, Theoretical Physics Division, Physics Group.
Theoretical studies on nuclear fission of hot compound nuclei formed in heavy-ion induced fusion reactions".
YOUNG ENGINEER AWARD Shri Jogender Saini, Electronics for High Energy Physics Experiments Experimental High Energy Physics & Applications Group.
Books by Our Scientists-I
Books by Our Scientists-II â&#x20AC;˘ A Short Course on Relativistic Heavy Ion CollisionsAsish Kumar Chouddhuri (Institute of Physics, London)
Dr. S. S. Kapoor, delivered 8th Raja Ramanna Memorial Lecture
Physical Sciences (Faculty 34) 1. 29 (students) + 14 (scientific officers) are doing Ph. D. now. 2. 8 (students) +3 (officers) have received Ph. D. in physical sciences during the last one year. 3. There are 8 Post-doctoral Fellows.
Engineering Sciences 1. 11 candidates are doing and 12 have completed M. Tech. 2. 14 candidates are doing Ph. D. in Engineering Sciences.
About 170 students from 71 Institutes work(ed) as summer/winter/vacation interns.
We are in love with our little campus!
Those Days on the Kestopur Canal!
We still see at our Campus!
Call of the City :Jackals of VECC !
A Fascinating Story of Survival and Adoption! We had quite a few jackals on the campus. One could hear their call every prahar (they are also called paharua) during the night. One could see them playing in the sand during the night shifts. As the vegetation growth reduced, they could be seen during the day on week ends, but kept away from people and were chased by dogs. Then they started developing “friendly” association with our drivers and technicians who worked in the garage which is in a corner. Now they are quite “friendly” with the dogs and as the sun starts setting they come out and run and play in the campus. Even though there are still quite a few jackals on the campus, they are rarely heard giving a call.
Look closely at the canine teeth of the jackal at the back!
Our Green Little Campus… • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Silver Oak Magnolia Araucaria Cookii Mahogany Teak Amla Rudraksha Haritika Arjuna Lychee Jacaranda Sandalwood, Cordia Sebestina Shinshap (sheesham) Jamrul, Pride of India (Jarul) Champa, Har Shringar, Kamini Wild Almonds, Jungle Jalebi
• • • • • • • • • • • •
Bottle Brush Sita-Ashok, False Ashok (Devdaru) Jumping Palm, Palmyra Palm Bel, Jamun, Mango, Guava, Grape Fruit Kachanar Bottle Palm, Coconut Palm, Date Palm Flame of Forest (Palash) Bay (Tej Patta) Jackfruit, Fountain Tree (African Tulip) Cherry Bakul (Maul Shri), Sapta Parni Kadamba Gulmohar, Amalatas, Dok Champa Poplar, Eucalyptus Neem, Drum Sticks ………….
And New Beginnings Are Made..
Kailash Temple: Ellora, Took over 100 years to make.
Vibrant Basic Research Path Breaking Developments Devoted Employees Brilliant Students Societal Awareness Wide Recognitions Collaborations Across the World Sufficient Funds A Dream Project Fullest support from DAE Great Future Aheadâ&#x20AC;Ś.. What Else Can One Ask for?