ﻧﯿﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺮﺷﯿﺪﯾﺔ
ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺤﯿﺎة واﻷرض
اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي إﻋﺪادي
ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﺪس اﻹﻋﺪادﯾﺔ
اﺳﺘﺮداد اﻟﻤﻌﺎرف ) 10ن (
اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﯿﺔ 2012ـ 2013 ﻓﺮض رﻗﻢ 2 ﻣﺪة اﻹﻧﺠﺎز :ﺳﺎﻋﺔ واﺣﺪة
اﻹﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ........................................... :اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ........ :اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺒﻲ..:
1ـ أﺟﺐ ﺑﺼﺤﯿﺢ أو ﺧﻄﺄ ) 4ن ( أ ـ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ھﻮ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻤﻮ ﯾﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﯿﺮﻗﺔ 1................................................................................ن ب ـ اﻷﺑﺮ ھﻮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﻣﻦ ﻣﯿﺴﻢ اﻟﺰھﺮة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺮﯾﺎح أو اﻟﺤﺸﺮات 1...................................................ن ج ـ اﻟﺨﺼﯿﺘﺎن ﺿﺮورﯾﺘﺎن ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻟﻈﮭﻮر اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺠﻨﺴﯿﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ 1......................................................................... :ن د ـ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻮراﺛﯿﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﻜﺘﺴﺒﮭﺎ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ 1.................................................................................... :ن 2ـ ارﺑﻂ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺎﺳﺒﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ 3 ) :ن ( اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻹﺧﺼــــــــــــﺎب ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ▄ اﻹﺧﺼـــــــــــﺎب اﻟﺪاﺧـــــــﻠــﻲ ▄ اﻹﺧﺼﺎب ﻋﻨـــﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺰھﺮﯾﺔ ▄ 3ـ أﻋﻂ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ :
اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ▄ ھﻮ اﻧﺪﻣﺎج ﻧﻮاﺗﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﯿﺠﯿﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﯿﺔ ▄ ﯾﺘﻢ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﯿﺾ ▄ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻠﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻤﺒﯿﺾ
)3ن(
أ ـ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ ؟ .......................................................................................................................................... 1............................................................................................................................. .................................ن ب ـ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻟﻨﺴﻞ ....................................................................................................................................... : 1...............................................................................................................................................................ن ج ـ ﺷﺠﺮة اﻟﻨﺴﺐ ............................................................................................................................................ : 1...............................................................................................................................................................ن
اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ واﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻲ واﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﻲ ) 10ن ( اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻷول 5 ) :ن ( ﺷﺠﺮة اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر اﻷﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ،ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﯿﻊ ﺗﺤﺮر ﺷﺠﺮة اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن اﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﺪدا ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﻣﻦ ﺣﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﻓﺘﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﻮاء ،وﺗﺴﺒﺐ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺒﻮب اﻷرﺟﯿﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص .ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺎح ﺗﺼﻞ ﺣﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح إﻟﻰ ﻣﯿﺴﻢ ﻛﻞ زھﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺷﺠﺮة اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن اﻷﻧﺜﻰ .وﺑﻌﺪ اﻹﺧﺼﺎب ،ﻛﻞ زھﺮة ﺗﺘﺤﻮل إﻟﻰ زﯾﺘﻮﻧﺔ )ﺛﻤﺮة ( ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻨﻀﺞ .ﺑﻌﺾ ﻧﻀﺠﮭﺎ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺟﻨﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺜﻤﺎر ﻟﯿﺘﻢ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﺰﯾﺖ و اﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻵﺧﺮ ﯾﺆﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ زﯾﺘﻮن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل واﻷﻟﻮان .ﯾﻤﻜﻦ زرع ﺑﺬرة اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن ﻓﺘﻨﺞ ﺷﺠﺮة اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن .ﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺿﻌﯿﻔﺔ ،وﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن إﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺸﺮات اﻟﺴﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ،ﯾﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻔﻼح ﺑﻌﺾ ﻏﺼﻮن ﺷﺠﺮة اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن ﻓﯿﻐﺮﺳﮭﺎ ،ﻓﺘﻨﻤﻮ إﻟﻰ ﺷﺠﺮة زﯾﺘﻮن ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﻮات .وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ إدﺧﺎل ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺔ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻢ إﻧﺘﺎج ﻋﺪد ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺘﻼت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻏﺮﺳﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻞ . 1ـ اﺳﺘﺨﺮج ﻧﻮع اﻷﺑﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن ..............................................................................................................: 1.....................................................................................................................................................ن 2ـ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﺪ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن ........................................................................................................ : 1......................................................................................................................................................ن 3ـ اﺳﺘﺨﺮج ﻧﻮع اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﻼﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن 1 ............................................................................................ :ن 4ـ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺰاوج اﻟﺪﯾﻚ واﻟﺪﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ اﻹﺧﺼﺎب داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺟﺎﺟﺔ .ﻗﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ اﻹﺧﺼﺎب ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن واﻹﺧﺼﺎب ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺪﺟﺎج ........................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2.....................................................................................................................................................................ن ......................................................................................................................................................................
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