Immunite5

‫إﻋﺪادﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﯿﺪﻳﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮض رﻗﻢ‪ 2‬اﻷﺳﺪوس‪2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺤﯿﺎة و اﻷرض‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻢ اﻟﺪراﺳﻲ ‪2012/2011 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺪراﺳﻲ ‪ :‬اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ إﻋﺪادي‬ ‫ﻣﺪة اﻹﻧﺠﺎز ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ واﺣﺪة‬

‫اﻻﺳﻢ ‪ .............................................. :‬اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ .... /3 :‬اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪ ..... :‬أﺟﺐ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ‬

‫‪1/2‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮداد اﻟﻤﻌﺎرف‬ ‫‪ -1‬أﺟﺐ ﺑﺼﺤﯿﺢ أو ﺧﻄﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻗﺘﺮاﺣﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪5).‬ن(‬ ‫ ﺗﻨﻀﺞ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوﻳﺎت ‪ T‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻐﺪة اﻟﺴﻌﺘﺮﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬‫ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻨﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺮاﺛﯿﻢ ‪.‬‬‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺼﯿﻠﺔ دﻣﻮﻳﺔ ‪ AB‬اﻟﺘﺒﺮع ﺑﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺼﯿﻠﺔ دﻣﻮﻳﺔ ‪.A‬‬‫ اﻟﻜﺒﺎد ‪ B‬ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺎ ‪ ,‬ﻓﻲ ﻏﯿﺎب اﻟﻌﻼج ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﺸﻤﻊ أو ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻜﺒﺪ ‪.‬‬‫ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻣﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺼﺎب ﺑﺎﻟﺴﯿﺪا ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﺮض‪.‬‬‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ‪ 1‬ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻟﻈﺎھﺮة ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪.............‬‬ ‫‪.............‬‬ ‫‪.............‬‬ ‫‪.............‬‬ ‫‪.............‬‬

‫أ‪ -‬ﺳﻢ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮة اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ﻣﺒﺮزا ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﮫﺎ‪1).‬ن( ‪...................................................................... :‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬أﻋﻂ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ ‪2).‬ن(‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ‪ ...................................................... : 1‬اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‪....................................................... :2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ‪ ....................................................... :3‬اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‪....................................................... :4‬‬

‫اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ و اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻲ و اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻷول )‪ 4,5‬ﻧﻘﻂ(‬ ‫ﻟﻔﮫﻢ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺣﻤﺔ ‪ HVI‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻧﻘﺘﺮح دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ‪ 1‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺗﻄﻮر ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ دم‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺼﺎب ﺑﺪاء اﻟﺴﯿﺪا ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺣﺪد ﻛﻢ ﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺪوى ﻟﯿﺼﺒﺢ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﺮد إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﻞ ﺗﺠﺎه ﻓﯿﺮوس ‪ . HVI‬ﻋﻠﻞ ﺟﻮاﺑﻚ‪1).‬ن(‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺻﻒ ﺗﻄﻮر ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﯿﺮوس ﺧﻼل ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‪1).‬ن(‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺣﺪد ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر ﻓﯿﺮوس ‪ HVI‬اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ إﻳﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻞ و إﻟﻰ ﻧﮫﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‪1).‬ن(‬

‫‪2/2‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬أ‪ -‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﻄﻮرت ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﯿﺮوس ‪ HVI‬و ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوﻳﺎت ‪ ,‬و ذﻟﻚ اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪1).‬ن(‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﮫﺎز اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻲ ‪0,5).‬ن(‬ ‫‪...................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ )‪7,5‬ﻧﻘﻂ(‬ ‫ﻣﺮض اﻟﺒﺨﺺ ﺗﺴﻤﻢ ﻏﺬاﺋﻲ ‪ ,‬ﺗﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﻳﺎ ﻻ ھﻮاﺋﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻋﺼﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺨﺺ )ﺗﻠﻮث ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﺒﺔ ﺳﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻘﯿﻢ(‪ ,‬و ﻣﻦ أﻋﺮاﺿﻪ اﻷوﻟﯿﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻘﯿﺆ ‪ ,‬اﻹﺳﮫﺎل ‪ ,‬أوﺟﺎع اﻟﺒﻄﻦ ‪ ...‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﻈﮫﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎت ﺧﻄﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺎب اﻟﻌﻼج ‪ ,‬ﻛﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﺸﻠﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺼﯿﺐ ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﯿﺎ ﻋﻀﻼت اﻟﻘﻔﺺ اﻟﺼﺪري ‪ ,‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮت‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﻨﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ھﺬه اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ‪ ,‬ﻧﻘﺘﺮح اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ‪ : 1‬ﺗﻘﯿﻢ ﻏﺬاء ﻣﻌﻔﻦ ﺑﻌﺼﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﺨﺺ ﻟﻔﺄر ﺳﻠﯿﻢ ‪ S1‬و ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻀﻲ ﺑﻀﻊ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﻼص ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫و ﺣﻘﻨﮫﺎ ﻟﻔﺄر ﺳﻠﯿﻢ ‪ S2‬ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻮت ھﺬا اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﻤﺮض اﻟﺒﺨﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﺼﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﺨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ‪1,5).‬ن(‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺿﺪ ﻋﺼﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﺨﺺ ‪ ,‬ﺗﻢ اﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺘﯿﻦ ‪2‬و ‪ 3‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺌﺮان ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ )‪ A‬و ‪ B‬و ‪ , (C‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻔﺄر ‪ A‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﺼﺎﺑﺎ ﺑﻤﺮض اﻟﺒﺨﺺ و ﺷﻔﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ‪ 1‬ﻇﺮوف وﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺘﯿﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺴﺮ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺘﯿﻦ ‪2‬و ‪3).3‬ن( ‪..................................................................................................... :‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ – 3‬اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻧﻮع اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺘﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺪﺧﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻋﻠﻞ ﺟﻮاﺑﻚ ‪2).‬ن( ‪........................................ :‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل إﺟﺎﺑﺎﺗﻚ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ و ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺎﺗﻚ ‪ ,‬اﻋﻂ ﺧﻄﺎﻃﺔ ﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﺗﻔﺴﺮ آﻟﯿﺔ دﻓﺎع اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺿﺪ ﻣﺮض اﻟﺒﺨﺺ ‪1) .‬ن(‬

‫إﻋﺪاد اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ‪ :‬ﺣﻤﯿﺪ ﻛﺎﺑﻮري‬