Home Building Crossroads - Atlanta by CR - Hanley Wood

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2015 Energy Code

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(as Opportunity) EE

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AIA CES

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• Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. • This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

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• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •

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Discussion on the changes in the 2015 IECC as they relate to the Building Enclosure, HVAC, and the integration of the two. Discussion on how performance components of insulation, water management, air leakage, and HVAC relate to each other and as a whole to the building enclosure. Meeting the new code can be challenging, come understand the opportunities available in meeting these challenges. Pete and Steve will have you walking away with Easy‐to‐Understand solutions they use everyday, that meet the new code, while providing the means to a comfortable, durable, energy efficient, valued building enclosure.

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1. Identify the new provisions of the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) and the Energy‐Efficiency requirements of the 2012 and 2015 International Residential Code (IRC). 2. Compare and contrast the Prescriptive and Performance compliance paths of the IECC and IRC. 3. Explain why the relationship between vented claddings, exterior continuous insulation, and the four categories of vapor permeability (Class I – III and vapor open). 4. Describe the interaction between air sealing and insulation performance in buildings.

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Choosing a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost Discipline

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Learning

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Choosing a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost When someone makes your skin crawl they are either full of it or you are about to learn somethingâ&#x20AC;Ś You have a choice:

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Write them off (easy path)

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Listen closely (much harder)

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S D O I decided to listen more closely… O W D E R E E N I G

Building science was like that for me…

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Building Science Corp.

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You have a choice of paths

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Code compliance (pretty easy path, all three of themâ&#x20AC;Ś)

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High performance as a business opportunity (maybe harder initially but...)

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IECC Climate Map

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Mixed‐humid climate (CZ 3A, 4A):

• > 20 inches of annual precipitation, • < 5,400 heating degree days (65°F basis), • average monthly outdoor temperature < 45°F during the winter months.

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Hot humid climate (CZ 2A): • > 20 inches of annual precipitation, • > 67F wet bulb temperature > 3k hrs • > 73F wet bulb temperature > 1.5 hrs Counties below “wiggly” white line…

Wet Bulb Temperature? How much can you lower a thermometer by evaporation

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N E R SlingÂ psychrometer E B U H

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Code Resource Center

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Understanding Energy Codes: Compliance Paths Mandatory Requirements must be met in every building design regardless of compliance path.

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Prescriptive (components) Follow a menu of requirements.

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Performance (systems) Flexible; allows tradeoffs.

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Energy Rating Index (new for 2015) Simpler; still flexible. Incl. ERI method or RESNET, Energy Star 3.1, Passivehaus,

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Understanding Energy Codes: Compliance Paths

Energy Rating Index (new for 2015) Simpler; still flexible. Incl. ERI method or RESNET, Energy Star 3.1, Passivehaus,

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Mandatory: Key Elements

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Mandatory: Key Elements AIR SEALING REQUIREMENTS (Mandatory)

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N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory).

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The building thermal envelope shall be constructed to limit air leakage in accordance with the requirements of Sections N1102.4.1 through N1102.4.5. • • •

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All joints, seams and penetrations. Site‐built windows, doors and skylights. Openings between window and door assemblies and their respective jambs and framing. Utility penetrations. Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope.

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• •

• • • •

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Knee walls. Walls and ceilings separating a garage from conditioned spaces. Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls. Common walls between dwelling units.

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AIR SEALING REQUIREMENTS (Mandatory)

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N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory)

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2015 Testing required: 3 ACH50; Georgia code relaxed to 5 ACH50 ACH50: air changes per hour @ 50 Pascals pressure difference inside/outside home

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Mandatory: Key Elements DUCTS

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N1103.3.2 (R403.3.2) Sealing (Mandatory) Ducts, air handlers and filter boxes shall be sealed.

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Exception: Ducts located completely inside the building thermal envelope. N1103.3.5 (R403.3.5) Building Cavities (Mandatory). Framing cavities shall not be used as ducts or plenums.

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Mandatory: Key Elements

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R402.4.3 Fenestration Air Leakage

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- 0.3 cfm/sf (cubic feet per minute per square foot of window area) - 0.5 cfm/sf max for swinging doors

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NFRC Window Labels

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Mandatory: Key Elements HVAC load calculation standard vsâ&#x20AC;¦

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Mandatory: Key Elements

DUCT LEAKAGE

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N1103.3.3 (R403.3.3) Duct Testing (Mandatory)

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Austin Green Team

1. Rough‐in test: Total leakage less than or equal to 6 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area. 2. Post‐construction test: Total leakage less than or equal to 6 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area.

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Mandatory: Key Elements MECHANICALÂ VENTILIATON

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Mandatory: Key Elements MECHANICALÂ VENTILIATON

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Understanding Energy Codes

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Footnotes: Important and helpful a. R values are minimum; U-factors & SHGC are minimums

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c. “10/15” means R-10 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home or R-15 cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall or crawl space wall

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h. The first value is cavity insulation, the second value is continuous insulation, so “13+5” means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 continuous insulation

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What about vented vs unvented attics/roofs? R806.1 Ventilation required R806.2 Minimum vent area: 1/150

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R806.3 Vent clearance: minimum vent depth – 1-inch minimum

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R806.5 Unvented attic & unvented enclosed rafter assemblies – Long list! And big difference between CZ 2A/3A & 4A – stay tuned…

Up Next: My buddy, Steve â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Defining High Performance

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Code Resource Center

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• Edit Master text styles • Second level

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• Third level

• Fourth level • Fifth level

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“Nashville/Davidson County adopted IECC 2012”

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• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

E E N I G HBCF_2018_1

•

Hanley Wood Media, LLC

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Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com

WELCOME

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HOMEBUILDING CROSSROADS

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E E FALL 2019 N I G

HIGH PERFORMANCE DEFINED

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S • Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES D O for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and O non‐AIA members are available upon request. W D • This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional E education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or R E construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of E N construction or any method or manner of I G handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. N E R E B U H

AIA CES

• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •

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Lots of programs and companies use the term high performance; Peter and Steve have built one that they use in all their work. High performance means a comfortable, durable, energy efficient, beautiful, valued building enclosure. Steve takes these adjectives and turns them in to real elements in his homes. If Steve’s clients can buy into his definition of high performance, other building professionals certainly can too.

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1. Understand what drives the energy efficiency parameters of a High Performance Home 2. Use Steve’s system to develop and plan for implementation of a High Performance Home 3. Use the “pen” test on your own building assemblies, based on how Steve uses this test on his own projects. 4. Connect the weather‐resistive barrier (WRB) to flashing systems at all penetrations—techniques and materials that Steve uses.

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Case for HIGH PERFORMANCE • Energy Efficiency • Water Efficiency

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• Indoor Air Quality

D E •R Value / Quality E• Comfort E N I G

• Resource Efficiency • Health

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• Durability

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“WE SELL VALUE = SUCCESS” E B

Where are YOU? Does it really matter?

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“While Labels present a relative

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comparison of position – for me,

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HP is

the balance of budget / performance and

the

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Opportunity to set oneself apart from the rest”

The Goal isn’t to deliver the most exceptional performance every time – but rather be prepared to answer the question

WHAT’s the NEXT STEP?

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;We are the PROFESSIONALS,

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It is OUR RESPONSIBILITY

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to put our buildings in a

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POSITION FOR

SUCCESS!!

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INNOVATION is a PROCESS and DISCIPLINE

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NOT a PRODUCT

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CURRENT CHALLENGES to What We Do Code

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Materials Assemblies

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Workmanship CLIENT DESIRE

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Performance CLIENT SATISFACTION

Past Thinking………………………………………… Current Thinking

The EDUCATION IMPERATIVE One of the PROBLEMS with our industry is that we tend to believe and receive our education “Old School”…….

OLD

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while our actual necessity to keep up requires “New School”…..

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And of course, there is always the CHALLENGE of Theory vs Practice

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N E Sometimes our history R CHALLENGES our E B desire to make change U H

Historically for Some – Change Heightens Risk

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FOUR Components of High Performance

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25% / 55%

25% / 15%

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Considered EQUAL at Conception, as IMPROVEMENT to any Component increases, the Contribution of the Other Components – REGRESSES

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25% / 15%

High Performance Decision making requires PROPORTIONATE Advancement

FOUR Layers of Control in Order of Priority

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Control provides increased: • Durability, • Comfort, • Health, and • Energy Efficiency

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High Performance =

CONTROL

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Water Management

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Air Barrier Thermal

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Vapor

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“Pretty Lines” – but do you understand what they mean? Can you PROFILE a detail? Can the detail be successfully profiled??

Pre Construction Meeting

From To

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Details Drawn as Twins: Air Sealing / Framing and Finish

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Air Sealing/Framing Detail

Finish Detail

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“INTEGRATION”… not Application

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Many of the SERVICES required need to be PLANNED FOR (especially SOG Foundations)

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Successful PLANning

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Developing PATTERNS for Success

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INTEGRATING Design and Performance

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INTEGRATING Design and Performance

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WATERRED

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When the LINES become reality –

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O W Are they ready? For 50 yrs? 100 yrs?

Durability BEGINS with WORKMANSHIP / EDUCATION

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Durability – The Right and Wrong Decisions in Design ?

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Water Management Rule #1 – DOWN AND OUT DOWN

DOWN

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OUT

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EEnsure the rule is applied to ALL Details B U

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OUT

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E B U Identifying the DRAINAGE PLANE Continuity is KEY.....

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8.9%

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18.1%

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ManageÂ Penetrations

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AIR RED E

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The RED LINE test…

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OUTSIDE INSIDE

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Some Homes are CHALLENGED from DAY ONE!!

Airtightnessâ&#x20AC;Ś

Highest Exfiltration Pressure

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Neutral Pressure Plane

Highest Infiltration Pressure

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Airtightness Pressures VARY Along the Building Envelope

ENERGY STAR THERMAL BYPASS CHECKLIST

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Positioning for SUCCESS

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Both PLANNING and EXECUTION require UNDERSTANDING

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CONTINUITY is the key!

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E Materials Common B U

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Planned Execution.

Continuity Testing

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4 Formal Blower Door

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Tests and 1 Fog Test 1. 32 cfm at 50Pa (.16 Ach50Pa) 2. 25 cfm at 50Pa (.12 Ach50Pa) 3. 104 cfm at 50Pa (.51 Ach50Pa) 4. 116 cfm at 50Pa (.56 Ach50Pa)

FINAL 110 cfm at 50Pa (.54 Ach50Pa)

.45 .56

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PASSIVE HOUSE BLOWER DOOR FINAL TEST (AVG ‐POS/NEG) ach50 Pa

.16

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E E N .32 I G

.37 O W

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VAPORRED

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VAPOR – It challenges everything…

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Durability, Health, Comfort, Energy Efficiency  Success balances in a degree or two!

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Mechanical Ventilation: Control Point Source

Distributed

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Return

Supply

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Exhaust

Supply

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D THERMAL E R

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Thermal Control… Proportional and Continuous

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R‐7.5

STEPPING OFF Window R‐5 R‐21+6 R‐60 Ceiling R‐40 Above Grade Wall R‐20 Below Grade Wall R‐10 Subslab

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R‐60

R‐13 R‐9

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R‐15

ZIP SYSTEM R‐SHEATHING

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Everyone’s Dream Utility Bill = $0.00

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N This home will NEVER pay for E R energy

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It’s not that High Performance Houses cost too much; it’s that our idea of a fairly priced new home is based on a history of building houses to meet embarrassingly Low Performance benchmarks.

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N E R THANK YOU

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“Baczek”

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D E HBCF_2018_4R E E Hanley Wood Media, LLC N Cesar Rodriguez I G crodriguez@hanleywood.com N E R E B U

• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course •

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Homebuilding Crossroads: 2015 Energy Code and High Performance Building Science Foundation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Keeping Our Homes Safe and Sound

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• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •

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Course Description

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The building science principles forming the foundation for high performance are how heat moves, how moisture moves, and how the two always work together. The three forms of heat transfer—radiation, conduction, and convection—and the four modes of moisture movement—bulk water, capillary water, air‐transported moisture, and vapor diffusion—are covered by practical expressions in buildings. The management of heat and moisture (hygrothermal) is accomplished by continuous control layers—water, air, and thermal—and then inevitable wetting is managed with a vapor profile—dedicated and directional drying by diffusion. This educational module sets the stage for how high performance can be accomplished in the context of model energy code compliance. It also sets the stage for how a high performance enclosure demands high performance HVAC, particularly connecting ACCA Manual J (load calculations) with ACCA Manuals S (system sizing) and D (duct distribution and sizing).

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Learning Objectives

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1. Employ building science principles in their own design, specification and construction work. 2. Use the “pen” test to determine control layer continuity in their own building assemblies and enclosures. 3. Connect lower load building enclosures to higher performance HVAC. 4. Work with their clients to show how high performance translates into efficiency, better thermal comfort, improved indoor air quality and less maintenance/greater resilience.

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Full disclosure…

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Building Science Foundation Key Topics • How walls get wet… • How walls get dry… • What about roofs…

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• Connecting HP enclosures with high performance HVAC(D)…

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A “nice” summer day in Houston…

How many ways can a building get wet?

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The black masonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flashing was installed after and in front of the green housewrap. This is reverse flashing that will do more to trap than drain water that gets past the brick veneer.

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How many ways can a building assembly get wet?

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• leak, inside or out

• Bulk water

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E E Solution? N I G

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Weatherlap…

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How many ways can a building get wet?

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18.0%

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12.8%

How many ways can a building assembly get wet?

• Wicking

• capillarity of porous materials

E E N I GSolution?

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Cap breaks

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Cap Break

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How many ways can a building get wet?

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How many ways can a building assembly get wet?

• Convection

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• Air leak

Solution?

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Air Seal

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Air Sealing Innovation: AeroBarrier

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Air Sealing Innovation: AeroBarrier

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How many ways can a building get wet?

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Summer basement conditions, bare dirt floor: Air Temperature = 66 F Relative Humidity = 91% Dewpoint temperature = 63.5

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How many ways can a building assembly get wet?

• Diffusion

• interior‐exterior gradients, created by space conditioning & climate

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Solution?

Decouple soil moisture from space

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Prioritizing moisture movement • #1 – bulk water • #2 – capillary water • #3 – air-transported moisture • #4 – diffusive moisture movement

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How many ways can a building assembly dry? • Free drainage • Convection • Diffusion

• Space • Air pathway and driving force • Evaporation

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Once wet, how does the inside of a wall like this dry?

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Drying Potential of Building Assemblies

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E E N Why We Care About the Vapor Permeability of Building I G Materials N E R E B U H or

How many layers in this wall? • Block • Lathing • Plaster

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How many layers in today’s “typical” wall?

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• Exterior finish

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Two…

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• Exterior finish • Cladding

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Three and four… • Exterior finish • Cladding • Drainage space (rainscreen) • WRB

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Five and six…

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O • Exterior finish W D • Cladding E R E• Drainage space • WRB • Sheathing • Framing

Seven, eight… • Exterior finish • Cladding • Drainage space • WRB • Sheathing • Framing • Insulation • Gypsum board

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Nine and ten.

• Exterior finish • Cladding • Drainage space (“rainscreen) • WRB • Sheathing • Framing • Insulation • Gypsum board • Primer • Interior finish

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Vapor Profile

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Determine vapor permeability of each component of assembly

Categorize each component (Class I, II, III, vapor open) A.

Class I:

< 0.1 perms

Class II:

0.1 – 1 perms

Class III:

1 – 10 perms

“Vapor open:”

> 10 perms

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Assess direction and extent of vapor drive: (remember always high to low) Identify/assess drying direction & potential

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Representative Vapor Permeability Info

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Material

Dry Cup

Wet Cup

Comments

Plywood

.75

3.5

Semi-permeable

OSB

.75

Fiberboard (AI)

14.5

Thermo Ply

0.5

XPS

EPS

6-mil poly

.06

Kraft paper

MemBrainâ&#x201E;˘

TyvekÂŽ

Latex paint (primer + 1 coat)

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0.6 1

Semi-

Permeable

impermeable

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Semi (but with skin, im-)

Semi-

.06

Impermeable

5 - 10

Semi- (variable)

10+

Variable, by design

permeable

3.6

Semi-

Data from BSC Building Materials Property Table

S D O

Energy Code 2015: Vapor retarders

D E R

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N E R

E E N I G

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S D O

Vapor Profile: Example 1 1. Latex paint - 17 perms 2. Wall board - 40 3. Cellulose - 75 4. XPS 1 5. Air space - “300” 6. Wood siding - “35” 7. Oil-based paint - 0.6 Least permeable (other than 7): 4. XPS

D E R

E E N I G 5

O W

3 2 1

N E R

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S D O

Vapor Profile: Example 2 1. Vinyl wallpaper - <0.1 perms 2. Wall board - 40 3. Cellulose - 75 4. Foil-faced polyiso - <0.1 5. Vinyl siding - â&#x20AC;&#x153;60â&#x20AC;? Least permeable (in fact, impermeable): 1 & 4

E E N I G 4

O W

3 2 1

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D E R

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Connecting High Performance, the new Code, and Building Science

O W

S D O

• Keeping homes safe and sound means protecting the structure (durability) and occupants (IAQ) while you improve energy efficiency • To do that, you need to manage energy and moisture with equal intensity—it’s the Law • You achieve this with continuous control layers for water, air, and heat flows • And your backup plan is to design in drying potential “just in case” stuff gets wet

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

Hygrothermal Balance WETTING: ‐ Bulk water ‐ Capillary water ‐ Air‐transported ‐ Diffusion

DRYING:

E B U

D E R

E E N I G

N E R

‐ Free drainage ‐ Cap break ‐ Convection ‐ Diffusion

YOUR BUILDING

O W

S D O

Wait: how—if at all—are roofs different than walls? • Do roofs see any less or more bulk water? • Do roofs see any less or more conductive heat loss? • Do roofs see any less or more convective heat loss? • Do roofs vent any worse or better than walls? • Do roofs see any more or less sun? • Do roofs see any more or less wind?

D E R

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N E R

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AtticsÂ andÂ roofs:

N E R

E B U

D E R

E E N I G Cathedralized attic

O W

S D O

Roofs: Hygrothermal Performance and the Code • Is there an attic and is it vented, and how? • Gable‐to‐gable vs soffit‐to‐ridge • Free square footage ratio to floor area • 1:150 vs 1:300

E E N I G

D E R

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• If no attic, is the roof assembly vented or unvented? • Does the ceiling of the attic “need” a vapor retarder? • Does the Code make the same connections for vapor retarder/continuous insulation/vented cladding as it does for walls?

E B U

N E R

What about vented vs unvented? • R806.1 Ventilation required (except when it is not…)

E E N I G

D E R

• R806.2 Minimum vent area: 1/150 (where did this come from?)

N E R

S D O

O W

• R806.3 Vent clearance: minimum vent depth – 1‐inch (and this?)

E B U

• R806.5 Unvented attic & unvented enclosed rafter assemblies (huh?)

R806.5 – Unvented Attic & Unvented Enclosed Rafter Assemblies

O W

• Continuous air barrier at ceiling • No Class I vapor retarder at ceiling • Wood roof claddings: special attention to drying • Air‐permeable cavity Insulation: Table R806.5 Insulation for Condensation Control

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

S D O

Attic‐Roof Summary

D E R

E E N I G

N E R

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• Vent attics and roofs until you can’t (Steve B) • Simple roofs forgive; complex roofs don’t. • Select roof assembly materials/mfgrs that are “HP” • Worry about your control layers same as you do for walls: water, air, vapor, thermal • Airtight gets short shrift; make your roofs/attics TIGHT. • Do NOT vent to manage air leakage; it’s a losing proposition • Manage energy & moisture with equal intensity…

S D O

“It’s not the heat, it’s the humidity…”

D E R

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N E R

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Drivers of Latent Loads MECHANICAL VENTILATION “…mechanical ventilation, operated at the ASHRAE 62.2‐ 2010 addendum r rate, in a 3 ach50 house, raises the annual median indoor RH by almost 10% compared to a 7 ach50 house without mechanical ventilation in Orlando.”

O W

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D E R

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U.S Department of Energy: Recommended Approaches to Humidity Control in High Performance Homes by Armin Rudd

Image credit ‐ Allison Bailes

S D O

“It’s not the heat, it’s the humidity…”

D E R

U H

E E N I G

N E R

Source: ASHRAE Journal, Lewis G. Harriman III, Dean Plager, Douglas Kosar; Dehumidification and Cooling Loads From Ventilation Air, 1997

O W

D E R

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N E R

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O W

S D O

MORE TO THE POINT: AUSTIN

D E R

N E R

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E3852 E N I G

146 pints/day @100 cfm vent rate

HOURS/YR

O W

S D O

MORE TO THE POINT: HOUSTON, TX

D E R

N E R

E B U

E E N I 3722 G

149 pints/day @100 cfm vent rate

HOURS/YR

O W

S D O

Home was build tight

•

E E N I G

We have reduced the sensible loads on the home but the latent loads have not changed and possibly increased. High efficiency HVAC equipment can not always be counted on to keep LLH in humid climates dry, healthy and comfortable.

N E R •

D E R

S D O

O W

HVAC system was sized according to Manual J Bringing in outside air to meet ASHRAE or other standard

ACCA Manual LLH will look at: • Resolving ventilation requirements (for occupant health and safety) while maintaining moisture control. • Addressing ancillary dehumidification equipment for humid locations (e.g., DOE Type A climate zones require ancillary dehumidification).

E B U

S D O

Wait, what about ERV’s and dehumidification?

D E R

N E R

E B U

E E N I G

https://www.ultra‐aire.com/pdf/Ultra‐Aire_Spray_Foam_Case_Study.pdf

O W

S D O

Replace ERV with high performance DEHU

D E R

N E R

E B U

E E N I G

https://www.ultra‐aire.com/pdf/Ultra‐Aire_Spray_Foam_Case_Study.pdf

O W

S D O

Building Science Foundation Summary • Walls get wet… • We know how to dry them…

E E N I G

• We know how to make our roofs high performance…

N E R

• We know how to connect HP enclosures to high performance HVAC(D)…

U H

D E R

O W

A “nice” summer day in Houston…

S D O

AIA CES

D E R

O W

• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

E E N I G HBCF_2018_2

•

Hanley Wood Media, LLC

E B U

N E R

Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com

WELCOME

O W

S D O

HOMEBUILDING CROSSROADS D

E R

N E R

E B U

E E FALL 2019 N I G

CONTROL LAYERS

AIA CES

O W

S D O

D E R

N E R

E E N I G

• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •

E B U

D E R

E E N I G

S D O

O W

This is where the building science rubber meets the architect’s road. Steve uses his many high performance projects to show how high performance is translated into actual assemblies, with real materials, and with tried‐and‐true project management done cooperatively with the architect and builder. Steve will have you walking away with Easy‐ to‐Understand solutions he uses everyday, that meet the new code, while providing the means to a comfortable, durable, energy efficient, valued building enclosure.

E B U

N E R

D E R

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1. Recognize thermal management strategies for a High Performance Home 2. be able to accomplish proper water management of a High Performance Home 3. Take home proper airtightness strategies for a High Performance Home 4. Embrace proper detailing for a High Performance Home

E B U

N E R

S D O

D E R

N E R

E WATER B U

E E N I G

O W

S D O

#1 Killer of Buildings – “MANAGEMENT” is KEY

D E R

O W

E E N I It’s About UNDERSTANDING G

N E R

E B U

S D O

the Execution of Success

I’m always asked “What material is the best for …….?” My answer is always the same – “The one installed RIGHT”

S D O

The BAD The GOOD

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

The UGLY

O W

The WORSE

D E R

O W

N E R

E B U

E E N I G

S D O

Sometimes it’s a series of Unfortunate Events

D E R

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N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

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N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

E E N I G

N E R

DOWN & OUT

DRAIN?Â Or VENTILATION?

S D O

DOWN

UP & AWAY

O W

OUT

Ensure the rule Is applied to All Details

D E R

O W

N E R

E B U

E E N I G

S D O

Identifying the DRAINAGE PLANE Continuity is KEY.....

INITIAL PRESSURE

CLEAN

D E R

E E N I G

N E R UNDERSTANDING the E B means to a successful U H application

S D O

O W

WETTING

D E R

“WETTED”

N E R

E B U

E E N I G

“NOT WETTED”

O W

S D O

O W

S D O

E B U

N E R

D E PRESSURE Required R E E N I G PRESSURE Applied

E E N I G

D E R

10th YEAR

N E R

E DO NOT TRY THIS AT HOME, B U But I DID…….

S D O

O W

FULL EXPOSURE

Roof Overhang Drainage Plane

D E R

Rainscreen

O W

N E R

E B U

E E N I G

S D O

Developing a Path for SUCCESS

HORIZONTAL SIDING

D E R

N E RCLOSED JOINT

E B U

E E N I G

S D O

O W

OPEN JOINT

The many FACES of RAINSCREENS

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

2 WAY SYSTEMS

D E R

B U

E E DIAGONAL N I G N E R E

O W

S D O

VERTICAL

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

SHINGLEÂ SIDING

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Higher Durability offers Less Expensive Options

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

U H

D E R DETAILSâ&#x20AC;¦.DETAILS E E N I G N E R BE

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

DOWN & OUT

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

ChallengedÂ Daily

NOT H

E E N I G

N E R

E B U

D E R

O W

S D O

NOT

D E R

N E R

E E N I G

LOWEST RISK TO WINDOW LEAKAGE?? MAYBE DON’T LET IT SEE WATER??

E B U

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

BACK DAM AT WORK

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

N I G

N E R

E B U

Air RED EE

O W

S D O

DisCONTINUITY = FAILURE

D E R

N E R

Good Selection Of Material BUT POOR EXECUTION

E B U

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

E E N I G

N E R CONTINUITY E B Is the KEY U H

O W

S D O

My SECRET Is OUT!!

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

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N E R

E E N I G

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S D O

VERIFICATION – Do you know how well you’re doing?

D E R

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N E R

E E N I G

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S D O

D E R

N E R

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E E N I G

Measured in CFM @Ach 50 Pa

O W

S D O

? ? ?

D Thermal E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

I WILL LET YOU DEVELOP YOUR OWN 1000 WORDS…………

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Thermal Control… Proportional and Continuous

E E N I G

R‐7.5

STEPPING OFF R‐5 Window R‐21+6 R‐60 Ceiling R‐40 Above Grade Wall R‐20 Below Grade Wall R‐10 Subslab

N E R

E B U

D E R

R‐60

R‐13 R‐9

R‐15

O W

S D O

Basement Slab Transition….

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Basement Wall/ Floor Transition….

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Above Grade Wall / Slab Transition…

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Roof Eave…

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

WHOLE WALL R‐VALUE “Proportionate AND Continuous – the MATH”

WALL SPECIFICATIONS 2x4 16”oc (22%) R‐3 window (15%) R‐15 Cavity (63%)

R‐7.0

2x6 16”oc (22%) R‐3 wdw (15%) R‐19 Cavity (63%)

R‐8.7

2x6 24”oc (14%) R‐3 wdw (15%) R‐21 Cavity (71%)

R‐9.6

ADD R‐3

R‐8.2

ADD R‐6

D E R

E E N I G

N E R

E B U

WHOLE WALL

O W

S D O

UPGRADE WINDOW R‐5

R‐9.0

R‐10.8

R‐9.5

R‐10.0

R‐12.6

R‐10.2

R‐10.6

R‐13.5

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Re-Locate to Nearest King Truss Header Stud as Possible

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

D E R

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

ZIP R‐WALL

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

“TWO WAYS TO DO O W D THINGS – THERERIGHT E E N I WAY…..and…..AGAIN” G

E B U

N E R

THANK YOU

D E R

S D O

O W

• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

E E N I G HBCF_2018_3

•

Hanley Wood Media, LLC

E B U

N E R

Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

O W

Building Science Puzzles

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

S D O

AIA CES

O W

S D O

D E R

N E R

E E N I G

• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •

E B U

Course Description

D E R

E E N I G

S D O

O W

Building Science Puzzles ‐ A wide variety of moisture problems in buildings are covered in a step‐by‐step discovery process in which attendees use building science principles to identify the moisture problems and develop appropriate solutions. Even though all of the puzzles are for existing buildings the principles demonstrated by each puzzle can and will be related to moisture management in new construction.

E B U

N E R

Learning Objectives

D E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

1. Use building science principles to solve building science puzzles on their own projects 2. Employ the step‐by‐step prioritization of wetting and drying mechanisms to solve their own moisture problems 3. Link specific moisture management strategies to specific moisture problems 4. Use the appropriate building performance tools—moisture meters, hygrometers, blower door, infra‐red camera—to solve moisture problems in their own buildings

E B U

N E R

S D O

Premises Things get wet, heat dries them out.

D E R

Energy efficiency measures reduce heat loss.

E E N I G

O W

Energy & moisture must be managed with equal intensity. Follow the water.

E B U

N E R

S D O

Mold/Rot Basics

D E R

E E N I G

N E R

E B U

O W

• Temperature/Food/Water • Molds (spores) are everywhere, all the time… • They like the same temperatures we do… • They like many of the materials out of which we like to build… • Mold generally shows up at 19% MC or higher • Rot requires 25‐ 28% MC • The easiest/most effective approach to control mold/rot is, almost always, managing moisture.

What about interior sources of moisture?

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Sources ‐ Household Moisture Source Showering Clothes drying Cooking (dinner) 5 house plants 1 cord “green” wood 4 people Building materials Ground moisture

E B U

Quantity (pints) ??? 4 - 6/load 1.2 (+1.5 gas) 1/day 600 - 800/season .5/hour ??? 0 - 100/day

D E R

E E N I G

N E R

O W

Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)

S D O

Sources ‐ Household Moisture Source Showering Clothes drying Cooking (dinner) 5 house plants 1 cord “green” wood 4 people Building materials Ground moisture

E B U

Quantity (pints) .5 (5 - min shower) 4 - 6/load 1.2 (+1.5 gas) 1/day 600 - 800/season .5/hour 6 - 17/day 0 - 100/day

D E R

E E N I G

N E R

O W

Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)

S D O

Puzzle 1 – Rotten floor in Texas Gulf coast home

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 1 – Rotten floor in Texas Gulf coast home

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 1 – Floor Assembly

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 1 – Floor Assembly

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 1 – Floor Assembly Outdoor Temperature & Relative Humidity

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

81.7 Ԭ 78.7% RH

Puzzle 1 – Floor Assembly Indoor Temperature & Relative Humidity

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

71.9 Ԭ 63.1% RH

Puzzle 1 – Floor Assembly

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 1 – Floor Assembly structural subfloor

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 1 – Floor Assembly “Innards…”

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 1 – Floor Assembly Cavity Close‐up

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

S D O

O W

73.6 Ԭ 99.5% RH

Puzzle 1 – Floor Assembly Cavity Close‐up

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 1 – Floor Assembly Cavity Close‐up

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 1 – Air Leakage? • 1st condensing surface? • Condensation? • Exterior Conditions: T – 81.7 F; RH ‐ 78.7% • Interior Conditions: T ‐ 71.9 F; RH ‐ 63.1% • Dewpoint?

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 1 – HVAC‐driven?

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

Puzzle 1 – HVAC‐driven – TX Gulf Coast Style?

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

Adapted from Building Science Corp

D E R

O W

S D O

Puzzle 2: What the heck are these guys up to?

D E R

N E R

E B U

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Images courtesy of Building America/Building Science Corporation

Puzzle 2: Moisture at ridge in hot‐humid climate air‐permeable cavity insulation in unvented roof

D E R

N E R

E B U

E E N I G

Images courtesy of Building America/Building Science Corporation

O W

S D O

Puzzle 2: Vapor Diffusion Ports

D E R

N E R

E B U

E E N I G

Illustration: Tim Healey (JLC)/BSC

O W

S D O

Are vapor diffusion ports code compliant in CZ2 & 3?

O W

• 5.2.1: port location

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

• 5.2.2: port area 1:600 ceiling • 5.2.3: port v.p. ≥ 20 perms • 5.2.4: port = air barrier • 5.2.5: port protect precip

S D O

Are vapor diffusion ports code compliant in CZ2 & 3?

O W

• 5.2.6: framing can’t block port

D E R

• 5.2.7: roof slope ≥ 3:12

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

• 5.2.8: air‐permeable insulation up against roof sheathing • 5.2.9: any air‐impermeable tight to air‐permeable insulation • 5.2.10: dedicated air flow to attic – 50 cfm/1000 sf ceiling

S D O

Puzzle 3 – Infra‐red & vented, radiant barrier attic

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

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N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

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N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

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N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

D E R

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N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

O W

D E R Building supply

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

bar code sticker

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle fatigue…

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

BONUSÂ PUZZLES!

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

Puzzle 4 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 4 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • Pre‐primed trim & clapboard • Appears to bleed through the latex topcoat

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

D E R

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 4 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • South side but not north side • Clapboard with rainscreen • Same acrylic latex topcoat • Different source of clapboard

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

D E R

O W

Puzzle 4 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • Species of wood does not seem to matter • Moisture content of wood is not above 15% and often quite a bit drier

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

D E R

O W

S D O

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Forest Products Lab Experts:

S D • If you cover an oil‐based primer with a “modern” latex paint… O O • The oil in the primer becomes a food source… W • The latex paint is vapor permeable and allows moisture to make D E it through to the oil… R E • Modern latex topcoats don’t have the chemical content to inhibit E mold like they used to… IN G N • Solution: Don’t use oil‐based pre‐primed wood with latex top E coats R E • Solution: Or if you do, look for a latex top coat with mildicide B U H

Puzzle 4 ‐ New Construction Takeaway

O W

• Compatibility of components or adjacent, layered building materials is key.

D E R

E E N I G

S D O

• Go with building product manufacturers that are taking the lead on material compatibility/creating systems rather than lone materials (like ZIP system….)

E B U

N E R

S D O

Puzzle 5: liquid water leaks…

D E R

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

O W

S D O

Puzzle 5: recurring water leaks • Brick veneer • Indianapolis, IN • Tyvek‐OSB‐FG‐PE‐GWB • $200,000 reclad • Moisture problems persist

E B U

N E R

E E N I G

D E R

O W

Given these 2 faces, can you guess where the moisture showed up?

D E R

N E R

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E E N I G

Bay bump‐out

Fireplace chimney

O W

S D O

D E R

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HWhat happens to water getting past brick veneer above the bumpout?

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Problem? Solutions?

S D O • Chimney is a “confused” space, not completely in or out of the O house W D • Water getting behind veneer running down to bump‐out shed E roof and going … where? R E • Solution(s)? Follow the water E N I • WRB continuous around chimney chase G N • Thru‐flashing to carry moisture load from brick veneer above E R • What about painting the brick to reduce/eliminate bulk water E B wetting? U H

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Puzzle 5 ‐ New Construction Takeaway

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• The “pen test” would have avoided this construction defect.

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• Make sure that all 3 of your control layers work; are continuous.

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AIA CES

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• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

E E N I G HBCF_2018_5

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Hanley Wood Media, LLC

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Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com