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2015 Energy Code
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(as Opportunity) E E
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AIA CES
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• Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. • This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
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• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •
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Discussion on the changes in the 2015 IECC as they relate to the Building Enclosure, HVAC, and the integration of the two. Discussion on how performance components of insulation, water management, air leakage, and HVAC relate to each other and as a whole to the building enclosure. Meeting the new code can be challenging, come understand the opportunities available in meeting these challenges. Pete and Steve will have you walking away with Easy‐to‐Understand solutions they use everyday, that meet the new code, while providing the means to a comfortable, durable, energy efficient, valued building enclosure.
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1. Identify the new provisions of the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) and the Energy‐Efficiency requirements of the 2012 and 2015 International Residential Code (IRC). 2. Compare and contrast the Prescriptive and Performance compliance paths of the IECC and IRC. 3. Explain why the relationship between vented claddings, exterior continuous insulation, and the four categories of vapor permeability (Class I – III and vapor open). 4. Describe the interaction between air sealing and insulation performance in buildings.
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Choosing a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost
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Discipline Learning
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Choosing a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost When someone makes your skin crawl they are either full of it or you are about to learn something‌ You have a choice:
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Write them off (easy path)
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Listen closely (much harder)
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Building science was like that for me…
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O O I decided to listen more closely… W D E R E E N I G
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Building Science Corp.
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You have a choice of paths
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Code compliance (pretty easy path, all three of them‌)
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High performance as a business opportunity (maybe harder initially but...)
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IECC Climate Map
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North Carolina State and County Level Map
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Mecklenburg: 3A; Wake: 4A
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Mixed‐humid climate (CZ 3A, 4A): • > 20 inches of annual precipitation, • < 5,400 heating degree days (65°F basis), • average monthly outdoor temperature < 45°F during the winter months.
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Code Resource Center
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Significant amendments
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• Duct leakage testing exception (< 750 sf)
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• Vapor retarder – deleted section • Blower door: 5 ACH50 stead of 3 • Mechanical ventilation – no fan efficiency reqs
“Less energy efficient than 2015 IECC”
Understanding Energy Codes: Compliance Paths Mandatory Requirements must be met in every building design regardless of compliance path.
Prescriptive (components) Follow a menu of requirements.
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Performance (systems) Flexible; allows tradeoffs.
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Energy Rating Index (new for 2015) Simpler; still flexible. Incl. ERI method or RESNET, Energy Star 3.1, Passivehaus,
Mandatory: Key Elements
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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AIR SEALING REQUIREMENTS (Mandatory) N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory). The building thermal envelope shall be constructed to limit air leakage in accordance with the requirements of Sections N1102.4.1 through N1102.4.5. • • • • •
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All joints, seams and penetrations. Site‐built windows, doors and skylights. Openings between window and door assemblies and their respective jambs and framing. Utility penetrations. Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope.
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• • • •
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Knee walls. Walls and ceilings separating a garage from conditioned spaces. Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls. Common walls between dwelling units.
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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AIR SEALING REQUIREMENTS (Mandatory) N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory)
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Testing required: No greater than 5 (not 3) ACH50
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ACH50: air changes per hour @ 50 Pascals pressure difference inside/outside home
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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DUCTS
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N1103.3.2 (R403.3.2) Sealing (Mandatory) Ducts, air handlers and filter boxes shall be sealed.
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Exception: Ducts located completely inside the building thermal envelope.
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N1103.3.5 (R403.3.5) Building Cavities (Mandatory). Framing cavities shall not be used as ducts or plenums.
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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R402.4.3 Fenestration Air Leakage
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- 0.3 cfm/sf (cubic feet per minute per square foot of window area) - 0.5 cfm/sf max for swinging doors
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NFRC Window Labels
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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HVAC load calculation standard vsâ&#x20AC;¦
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Mandatory: Key Elements
DUCT LEAKAGE
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N1103.3.3 (R403.3.3) Duct Testing (Mandatory)
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1. Rough‐in test: Total leakage less than or equal to 5 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area.
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R E B Austin Green Team
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2. Post‐construction test: Total leakage less than or equal to 5 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area.
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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MECHANICALÂ VENTILIATON
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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MECHANICALÂ VENTILIATON
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Insulation Requirements
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Footnotes: Important and helpful
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c. “10/15” means R-10 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home or R-15 cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall or crawl space wall
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f. Basement wall insulation is not required in warm-humid locations h. The first value is cavity insulation, the second value is continuous insulation, so “13+5” means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 continuous insulation
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j & k. exemption for 2 fenestration assemblies for U-factor & SHGC
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What about vented vs unvented attics/roofs? R806.1 Ventilation required R806.2 Minimum vent area: 1/150
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R806.3 Vent clearance: minimum vent depth – 1-inch minimum
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R806.5 Unvented attic & unvented enclosed rafter assemblies – Long list!
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And big difference between CZ 3A & 4A – stay tuned…
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Up Next: My buddy, Steve â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Defining High Performance
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• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
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HBCF_2018_1
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•
Hanley Wood Media, LLC
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Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com
WELCOME
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HOMEBUILDING CROSSROADS
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E E FALL 2019 N I G HIGH PERFORMANCE N E R DEFINED E B
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AIA CES
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• Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. • This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
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• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •
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Lots of programs and companies use the term high performance; Peter and Steve have built one that they use in all their work. High performance means a comfortable, durable, energy efficient, beautiful, valued building enclosure. Steve takes these adjectives and turns them in to real elements in his homes. If Steve’s clients can buy into his definition of high performance, other building professionals certainly can too.
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1. Understand what drives the energy efficiency parameters of a High Performance Home 2. Use Steve’s system to develop and plan for implementation of a High Performance Home 3. Use the “pen” test on your own building assemblies, based on how Steve uses this test on his own projects. 4. Connect the weather‐resistive barrier (WRB) to flashing systems at all penetrations—techniques and materials that Steve uses.
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Case for HIGH PERFORMANCE
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• Energy Efficiency
• Indoor Air Quality
• Resource Efficiency
• Durability
• Water Efficiency
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• Value / Quality
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• Health
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• Comfort
“WE SELL VALUE = SUCCESS” R E B
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Where are YOU? Does it really matter?
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“While Labels present a relative
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comparison of position – for me,
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HP is
the balance of budget / performance and
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E E Opportunity the
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apart from the rest”
The Goal isn’t to deliver the most exceptional performance every time – but rather be prepared to answer the question
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WHAT’s the NEXT STEP?
to set oneself
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â&#x20AC;&#x153;We are the
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PROFESSIONALS, It is OUR RESPONSIBILITY
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to put our buildings in a POSITION FOR
R E B SUCCESS!!
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INNOVATION is a PROCESS and DISCIPLINE
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NOT a PRODUCT
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CURRENT CHALLENGES to What We Do
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Code Materials Assemblies
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Workmanship CLIENT DESIRE
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Performance CLIENT SATISFACTION
Past Thinking………………………………………… Current Thinking
The EDUCATION IMPERATIVE One of the PROBLEMS with our industry is that we tend to believe and receive our education “Old School”…….
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while our actual necessity to keep up requires “New School”…..
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NEW
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And of course, there is always the CHALLENGE of Theory vs Practice
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Historically for Some – Change Heightens Risk
Sometimes our history CHALLENGES our desire to make change
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FOUR Components of High Performance
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25% / 55%
25% / 15%
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N I G 25% / 15%
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Considered EQUAL at Conception, as IMPROVEMENT to any Component increases, the Contribution of the Other Components – REGRESSES
25% / 15%
High Performance Decision making requires PROPORTIONATE Advancement
FOUR Layers of Control in Order of Priority
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Control provides increased: • Durability, • Comfort, • Health, and • Energy Efficiency
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High Performance =
CONTROL
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Water Management Air Barrier Thermal
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Vapor
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“Pretty Lines” – but do you understand what they mean? Can you PROFILE a detail? Can the detail be successfully profiled??
Pre Construction Meeting
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From To
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Details Drawn as Twins: Air Sealing / Framing and Finish
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Air Sealing/Framing Detail
Finish Detail
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“INTEGRATION”… not Application
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Many of the SERVICES required need to be PLANNED FOR (especially SOG Foundations)
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Successful PLANning
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Developing PATTERNS for Success
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INTEGRATING Design and Performance
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INTEGRATING Design and Performance
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WATERRE
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When the LINES become reality –
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Durability BEGINS with WORKMANSHIP / EDUCATION
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Durability – The Right and Wrong Decisions in Design ?
?
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?
?
Water Management Rule #1 – DOWN AND OUT DOWN
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OUT
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Ensure the rule is applied to ALL Details
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OUT
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Identifying the DRAINAGE PLANE Continuity is KEY.....
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8.9%
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18.1%
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Manage Penetrations
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NO
E YES E N
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AIR RE E
E IN
G N
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The RED LINE test…
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OUTSIDE INSIDE
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Some Homes are CHALLENGED from DAY ONE!!
Airtightnessâ&#x20AC;Ś
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Highest Exfiltration Pressure
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Neutral Pressure Plane
Highest Infiltration Pressure
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Airtightness Pressures VARY Along the Building Envelope
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ENERGY STAR THERMAL BYPASS CHECKLIST
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Positioning for SUCCESS
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Both PLANNING and EXECUTION require UNDERSTANDING
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CONTINUITY is the key!
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Common Materials
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Planned Execution.
Continuity Testing
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4 Formal Blower Door
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Tests and 1 Fog Test
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1. 32 cfm at 50Pa (.16 Ach50Pa) 2. 25 cfm at 50Pa (.12 Ach50Pa) 3. 104 cfm at 50Pa (.51 Ach50Pa) 4. 116 cfm at 50Pa (.56 Ach50Pa)
FINAL 110 cfm at 50Pa (.54 Ach50Pa)
.45
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.56
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PASSIVE HOUSE BLOWER DOOR FINAL TEST (AVG ‐POS/NEG) ach50 Pa
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.16
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.32 N I G
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VAPORRE
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VAPOR – It challenges everything…
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Durability, Health, Comfort, Energy Efficiency Success balances in a degree or two!
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Mechanical Ventilation: Control Point Source
Distributed
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Return
Supply
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Supply
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E THERMAL R
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Thermal Control…
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Proportional and Continuous R‐7.5
STEPPING OFF Window R‐5 R‐21+6 R‐60 Ceiling R‐40 Above Grade Wall R‐20 Below Grade Wall R‐10 Subslab
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R‐60
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R‐13 R‐9
ZIP SYSTEM R‐SHEATHING
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Everyone’s Dream Utility Bill = $0.00
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This home will NEVER pay for energy
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It’s not that High Performance Houses cost too much; it’s that our idea of a fairly priced new home is based on a history of building houses to meet embarrassingly Low Performance benchmarks.
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N E THANK YOU
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“Baczek”
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O O
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• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
E R
E E
HBCF_2018_4
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•
Hanley Wood Media, LLC
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Cesar Rodriguez
crodriguez@hanleywood.com
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W Building Science Foundation: D E R Keeping Our Homes Safe & Sound E E N I G N E
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AIA CES
O O
• Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. • This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
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• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •
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The building science principles forming the foundation for high performance are how heat moves, how moisture moves, and how the two always work together. The three forms of heat transfer—radiation, conduction, and convection—and the four modes of moisture movement—bulk water, capillary water, air‐transported moisture, and vapor diffusion—are covered by practical expressions in buildings. The management of heat and moisture (hygrothermal) is accomplished by continuous control layers—water, air, and thermal—and then inevitable wetting is managed with a vapor profile—dedicated and directional drying by diffusion. This educational module sets the stage for how high performance can be accomplished in the context of model energy code compliance. It also sets the stage for how a high performance enclosure demands high performance HVAC, particularly connecting ACCA Manual J (load calculations) with ACCA Manuals S (system sizing) and D (duct distribution and sizing).
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1. Employ building science principles in their own design, specification and construction work. 2. Use the “pen” test to determine control layer continuity in their own building assemblies and enclosures. 3. Connect lower load building enclosures to higher performance HVAC. 4. Work with their clients to show how high performance translates into efficiency, better thermal comfort, improved indoor air quality and less maintenance/greater resilience.
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Full Disclosure
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What is Building Science, anyway?
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• Study of how heat, air, and moisture move in, around, and through buildings • How stuff gets wet and dries (or not…) • Moisture and heat flows are linked; this is not an option, it’s the LAW • High performance builders: manage heat & moisture with equal intensity
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Proof Positive
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E R How manyEways E can a building get wet? N I G N E R E
H
B U
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How many waysâ&#x20AC;¦
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How many waysâ&#x20AC;¦
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How many waysâ&#x20AC;¦
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How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
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Solution?
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Weather-lapped Flashing
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Photo: Berger Building Products
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How many ways can a building get wet?
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23.4
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
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Solution?
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Capillary Break
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18.0%
E E
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12.8% W D
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How many ways can a building get wet?
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How many ways can a building get wet?
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How many ways can a building get wet?
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How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
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Solution?
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Air Seal
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An innovative approach to air sealing: AeroBarrier
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An innovative approach to air sealing: AeroBarrier
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How many ways can a building get wet?
N E
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Summer basement conditions, bare dirt floor: Air Temperature = 66 F
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Relative Humidity = 91%
Dewpoint temperature = 63.5
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How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
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Solution?
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Decouple soil moisture from space
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Prioritizing Moisture Movement Bulk water Wicking Air-transported moisture Diffusion
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Leak, inside or out Capillarity of porous materials Air leak Interior-exterior gradients, created by space conditioning and climate
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How many ways can a building dry?
Free drainage Convection Diffusion
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Space Air Pathway and driving force Evaporation
N E
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Once wet, how does the inside of a wall like this dry?
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27.5
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Drying Potential of Building Assemblies
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or
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N I Why WeG Care About the Vapor N Permeability of Building Materials E R E B
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How many layers in this wall?
• Block • Lathing • Plaster
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One and Twoâ&#x20AC;¦
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Exterior finish Cladding
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Threeâ&#x20AC;¦
O O
Exterior finish Cladding WRB
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Four and fiveâ&#x20AC;¦
O O
Exterior finish Cladding WRB Sheathing
N I G
Framing
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Six, seven and eightâ&#x20AC;Ś
O O
Exterior finish Cladding WRB Sheathing
N I G
Framing Insulation Vapor retarder
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Gypsum board
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Nine and ten!
O O
1. Exterior finish
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2. Cladding
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3. WRB
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4. Sheathing 5. Framing 6. Insulation 7. Vapor retarder 8. Gypsum board 9. Primer 10. Interior finish
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Vapor Profile 1.
Determine vapor permeability of each component of assembly
2.
Categorize each component (Class I, II, III, vapor open) A.
Class I:
< 0.1 perms
B.
Class II:
0.1 – 1 perms
C.
Class III:
1 – 10 perms
D.
“Vapor open:”
> 10 perms
3.
4.
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Assess direction and extent of vapor drive: interior/exterior temperature difference, interior/exterior relative humidities (remember always high to low)
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Identify/assess drying direction & potential
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Representative Vaper Permeability Info Material
Dry Cup
Wet Cup
Comments
Plywood
.75
3.5
Semi-permeable
OSB
.75
2
Semi-
Fiberboard (AI)
14.5
15
Thermo Ply
0.5
0.6
XPS
1
N I G
EPS
5
6-mil poly Kraft paper MemBrainâ&#x201E;˘ TyvekÂŽ
R E B
.06
N E
Latex paint (primer + 1 coat)
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1
5
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Permeable
impermeable
Semi (but with skin, im-)
Semi-
.06
Impermeable
1
5 - 10
Semi- (variable)
1
10+
Variable, by design
14
?
permeable
3.6
6
Semi-
Data from BSC Building Materials Property Table
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Representative Vaper Permeability Info
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Huber Moisture Property Testing
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Vapor Profile: EXAMPLE 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Latex paint - 17 perms Wall board - 40 Cellulose - 75 XPS - 1 Air space - “300” Wood siding - “35” Oil-based paint - 0.6
N I G
N E
Least permeable (other than 7): 4. XPS No moisture-sensitive components “trapped” by Class I or II components
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7 6
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5 4
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1
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Vapor Profile: EXAMPLE 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Vinyl wallpaper - <0.1 perms Wall board - 40 Cellulose - 75 Foil-faced polyiso - <0.1 Vinyl siding - “60”
N I G
5
4
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Least vapor-permeable: 1. Wall paper & 4. XPS Moisture-sensitive components “trapped” by Class I or II components
N E
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3 2 1
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Fitting it all together: vapor retarders, vented claddings and exterior rigid insulation?
O O
• It’s not about vapor retarders keeping things from getting wet; it’s about vapor profiles that promote drying. • Vented claddings (or ventilated?) increase drying potential to the exterior (not to mention free drainage of bulk water). • Warming building assemblies reduces the potential for interstitial condensation. • The code is including more and more building science-based elements over time, recognizing that both heat and moisture flows must be managed.
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“It’s not the heat, it’s the humidity…”
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Drivers of Latent Loads
Mechanical Ventilation “…mechanical ventilation, operated at the ASHRAE 62.2-2010 addendum r rate, in a 3 ach50 house, raises the annual median indoor RH by almost 10% compared to a 7 ach50 house without mechanical ventilation in Orlando.”
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U.S Department of Energy: Recommended Approaches to Humidity Control in High Performance Homes by Armin Rudd
Image credit ‐ Allison Bailes
O O
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“It’s not the heat, it’s the humidity…”
N I G
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Source: ASHRAE Journal, Lewis G. Harriman III, Dean Plager, Douglas Kosar; Dehumidification and Cooling Loads From Ventilation Air, 1997
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Source: ASHRAE Journal, Lewis G. Harriman III, Dean Plager, Douglas Kosar; Dehumidification and Cooling Loads From Ventilation Air, 1997
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Latent Loadsâ&#x20AC;¦
Latent Loads Increase as a Percentage of Total Loads at Part-Load Conditions.
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D
Conclusion… HVAC
O O
HVAC system was sized according to Manual J
Home was build tight
•
•
N I G
We have reduced the sensible loads on the home but the latent loads have not changed and possibly increased.
R E B
N E
High efficiency HVAC equipment can not always be counted on to keep LLH in humid climates dry, healthy and comfortable.
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Bringing in outside air to meet ASHRAE or other standard
ACCA Manual LLH will look at: •
Resolving ventilation requirements (for occupant health and safety) while maintaining moisture control.
•
Addressing ancillary dehumidification equipment for humid locations (e.g., DOE Type A climate zones require ancillary dehumidification).
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Hypothermal Balance
O O
WETTING Bulk water Capillary water Air-transported Diffusion
N I G
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N E
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YOUR BUILDING
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DRYING Free Drainage Cap Break Convection Diffusion
Wait: howâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;if at allâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;are roofs different than walls? Do roofs see any less or more bulk water?
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Do roofs see any less or more conductive heat loss?
E R
Do roofs see any less or more convective heat loss?
E E
Do roofs vent any worse or better than walls?
N I G
Do roofs see any more or less sun?
N E
Do roofs see any more or less wind?
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Attics and roofs:
O O
Cathedralized attic
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Roofs: Hygrothermal Performance and the Code Is there an attic and is it vented, and how? Gable-to-gable vs soffit-to-ridge Free square footage ratio to floor area • 1:150 vs 1:300
N I G
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If no attic, is the roof assembly vented or unvented?
N E
Does the ceiling of the attic “need” a vapor retarder? Does the Code make the same connections for vapor retarder/continuous insulation/vented cladding as it does for walls?
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What about vented vs unvented?
O O
R806.1 Ventilation required (except when it is notâ&#x20AC;Ś) R806.2 Minimum vent area: 1/150 (where did this come from?)
N I G
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R806.3 Vent clearance: minimum vent depth â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1-inch (and this?)
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N E
R806.5 Unvented attic & unvented enclosed rafter assemblies (huh?)
U H
R806.5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Unvented Attic & Unvented Enclosed Rafter Assemblies Continuous air barrier at ceiling
E R
No Class I vapor retarder at ceiling
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Wood roof claddings: special attention to drying
N I G
Air-permeable cavity Insulation: Table R806.5 Insulation for Condensation Control
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R806.5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Unvented Attic & Unvented Enclosed Rafter Assemblies
N I G
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Attic-Roof Summary Vent attics and roofs until you can’t (Steve B) Simple roofs forgive; complex roofs don’t.
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Select roof assembly materials/mfgrs that are “HP”
E E
Worry about your control layers same as you do for walls: water, air, vapor, thermal
N I G
Airtight gets short shrift; make your roofs/attics TIGHT.
N E
Do NOT vent to manage air leakage; it’s a losing proposition
R E B
Manage energy & moisture with equal intensity…
U H
S D
O O
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• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
E E
HBCF_2018_2
N I G
•
Hanley Wood Media, LLC
U H
R E B
N E
E R
Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com
WELCOME
O O
W HOMEBUILDING CROSSROADS D E R E E FALL 2019 N I G N E R E B CONTROL LAYERS U
H
S D
S D
AIA CES
O O
• Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. • This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
N I G
N E
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• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •
U H
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O O
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This is where the building science rubber meets the architect’s road. Steve uses his many high performance projects to show how high performance is translated into actual assemblies, with real materials, and with tried‐and‐true project management done cooperatively with the architect and builder. Steve will have you walking away with Easy‐ to‐Understand solutions he uses everyday, that meet the new code, while providing the means to a comfortable, durable, energy efficient, valued building enclosure.
N I G
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N E
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1. Recognize thermal management strategies for a High Performance Home 2. be able to accomplish proper water management of a High Performance Home 3. Take home proper airtightness strategies for a High Performance Home 4. Embrace proper detailing for a High Performance Home
N I G
U H
R E B
N E
E E
S D
O O
N I G
E E
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N E
R WATER E
H
B U #1 Killer of Buildings – “MANAGEMENT” is KEY
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N It’s About UNDERSTANDING I G the Execution of Success
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N E
I’m always asked “What material is the best for …….?” My answer is always the same – “The one installed RIGHT”
The BAD The GOOD
O O
N E
The UGLY
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N I G
E E
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The WORSE
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O O
N I G
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E E
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N E
Sometimes it’s a series of Unfortunate Events
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N I G
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N E
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N I G
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N E
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N I G
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N E
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DOWN
UP & AWAY
N I G
U H
R E B DOWN & OUT
E E
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N E
DRAIN? Or VENTILATION?
O O
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OUT
Ensure the rule Is applied to All Details
S D
O O
N I G
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E R
E E
W D
N E
U Identifying the DRAINAGE PLANE H
Continuity is KEY.....
INITIAL PRESSURE
CLEAN
O O
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N I G
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N E
UNDERSTANDING the means to a successful application
U H
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WETTING
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O O
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“WETTED”
N I G
U H
R E B
E E
N E
“NOT WETTED”
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O O
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N I G
U H
R E B
N E
E R PRESSURE Required E E PRESSURE Applied
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10th YEAR
N I G
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N E
E E
DO NOT TRY THIS AT HOME, But I DID…….
E R
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FULL EXPOSURE
Roof Overhang
S D
O O
Drainage Plane Rainscreen
N I G
U H
R E B
E E
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N E
Developing a Path for SUCCESS
HORIZONTAL SIDING
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O O
N I G
E E
N E CLOSED JOINT R E B
U H
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OPEN JOINT
The many FACES of RAINSCREENS
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O O
N I G
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N E
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2 WAY SYSTEMS
DIAGONAL
N I G
U H
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N E
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O O
VERTICAL
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O O
N I G
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N E
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SHINGLEÂ SIDING
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N I G
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N E
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Higher Durability offers Less Expensive Options
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N E
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O O
E R DETAILSâ&#x20AC;¦.DETAILS E E N I G N E R E
H
B U
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N I G
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N E
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DOWN & OUT
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N I G
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N E
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Challenged Daily
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NOT N I G
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N E
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NOT
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O O
N I G
N E
LOWEST RISK TO WINDOW LEAKAGE?? MAYBE DON’T LET IT SEE WATER??
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O O
N I G
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N E
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N I G
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N I G
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N E
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BACK DAM AT WORK
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N I G
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N E
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O O
Air RE E E N I G
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N E
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DisCONTINUITY = FAILURE
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Good Selection Of Material BUT POOR EXECUTION
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N E
N I G
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O O
N I G
U H
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N E
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O O
N I G
N E
CONTINUITY R
E B
Is the KEY
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My SECRET Is OUT!!
N I G
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N E
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O O
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O O
N I G
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N E
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O O
N I G
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N I G
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N I G
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VERIFICATION – Do you know how well you’re doing?
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O O
N I G
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N E
Measured in CFM @Ach 50 Pa
E E
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? ? ?
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Thermal E R E E N I G
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I WILL LET YOU DEVELOP YOUR OWN 1000 WORDS…………
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Thermal Control…
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Proportional and Continuous R‐7.5
STEPPING OFF R‐5 Window R‐21+6 R‐60 Ceiling R‐40 Above Grade Wall R‐20 Below Grade Wall R‐10 Subslab
U H
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R‐60
N I G
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W D R‐15
N E
R‐13 R‐9
Basement Slab Transition….
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N I G
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N E
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Basement Wall/ Floor Transition….
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N I G
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N E
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Above Grade Wall / Slab Transition…
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N I G
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Roof Eave…
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N I G
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WHOLE WALL R‐VALUE “Proportionate AND Continuous – the MATH”
WALL SPECIFICATIONS 2x4 16”oc (22%) R‐3 window (15%) R‐15 Cavity (63%) 2x6 16”oc (22%) R‐3 wdw (15%) R‐19 Cavity (63%)
R E B
2x6 24”oc (14%) R‐3 wdw (15%) R‐21 Cavity (71%)
U H
WHOLE WALL
ADD R‐3
R‐7.0
R‐8.2
N I G
N E
ADD R‐6
E E
E R R‐9.0
O O
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UPGRADE WINDOW R‐5
W D R‐10.8
R‐8.7
R‐9.5
R‐10.0
R‐12.6
R‐9.6
R‐10.2
R‐10.6
R‐13.5
S D
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N I G
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O O
Re-Locate to Nearest King Truss Header Stud as Possible
N I G
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O O
N I G
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N E
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ZIP R‐WALL
N I G
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O O
O O
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“TWO WAYS TO DO W D E THINGS – THE RIGHT R E E N WAY…..and…..AGAIN” I G
U H
R E B
N E
THANK YOU
S D
O O
W D
• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
E E
HBCF_2018_3
N I G
•
Hanley Wood Media, LLC
U H
R E B
N E
E R
Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com
S D
O O
N I G
U H
R E B
N E
E E
E R
W D
S D
O O
E R
W D
Building Science Puzzles
N I G
U H
R E B
N E
E E
S D
AIA CES
O O
• Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. • This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
N I G
N E
E E
E R
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• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •
U H
R E B
S D
O O
Course Description
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Building Science Puzzles ‐ A wide variety of moisture problems in buildings are covered in a step‐by‐step discovery process in which attendees use building science principles to identify the moisture problems and develop appropriate solutions. Even though all of the puzzles are for existing buildings the principles demonstrated by each puzzle can and will be related to moisture management in new construction.
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Learning Objectives
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1. Use building science principles to solve building science puzzles on their own projects 2. Employ the step‐by‐step prioritization of wetting and drying mechanisms to solve their own moisture problems 3. Link specific moisture management strategies to specific moisture problems 4. Use the appropriate building performance tools—moisture meters, hygrometers, blower door, infra‐red camera—to solve moisture problems in their own buildings
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Premises
O O
Things get wet, heat dries them out.
E R
Energy efficiency measures reduce heat loss.
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Energy & moisture must be managed with equal intensity.
N E
Follow the water.
U H
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Mold/Rot Basics
O O
Temperature/Food/Water Molds (spores) are everywhere, all the time…
E R
They like the same temperatures we do…
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They like many of the materials out of which we like to build…
N I G
Mold generally shows up at 19% MC or higher
N E
Rot requires 25- 28% MC
The easiest/most effective approach to control mold/rot is, almost always, managing moisture.
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What about interior sources of moisture?
N I G
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Sources - Household Moisture Source Showering Clothes drying Cooking (dinner) 5 house plants 1 cord “green” wood 4 people Building materials Ground moisture
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Quantity (pints) ??? 4 - 6/load 1.2 (+1.5 gas) 1/day 600 - 800/season .5/hour ??? 0 - 100/day
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Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)
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Sources - Household Moisture Source Showering Clothes drying Cooking (dinner) 5 house plants 1 cord “green” wood 4 people Building materials Ground moisture
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Quantity (pints) .5 (5 - min shower) 4 - 6/load 1.2 (+1.5 gas) 1/day 600 - 800/season .5/hour 6 - 17/day 0 - 100/day
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Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)
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Puzzle 1 – Mold in kitchen
O O
Mold insurance claim Mold mitigated once Building scientists called in Structure at bottom of steep hill with lake on opposite side
N I G
Insurance inspector “baffled” by mold returning…
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View as you drive upâ&#x20AC;¦
O O
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Pieces â&#x20AC;&#x201C; addition with full basement
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E Crawlspace inspectionâ&#x20AC;¦ R E E N I G N E R E B
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“Incorrectly-installed” floor insulation…
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Key Takeaways/Lessons Learned
O O
Ignore the client; do the “edges” first… Existing info “Walk” the exterior (bulk water) Foundation (bulk & capillary)
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Follow the water…
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Puzzle 1 - New Construction Takeaway
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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Confusedâ&#x20AC;? areas of buildings are a REAL problem
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Make sure that attics & crawlspaces are either completely in or completely outside your control layers: water, air, & thermal
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Puzzle 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard
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Puzzle 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard Pre-primed trim & clapboard Appears to bleed through the latex topcoat
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Puzzle 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard South side but not north side Clapboard with rainscreen Same acrylic latex topcoat Different source of clapboard
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Puzzle 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard Species of wood does not seem to matter Moisture content of wood is not above 15% and often quite a bit drier
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Forest Products Lab Experts:
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If you cover an oil-based primer with a “modern” latex paint… The oil in the primer becomes a food source…
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The latex paint is vapor permeable and allows moisture to make it through to the oil…
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Modern latex topcoats don’t have the chemical content to inhibit mold like they used to…
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Solution: Don’t use oil-based pre-primed wood with latex top coats
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Solution: Or if you do, look for a latex top coat with mildewcide
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Puzzle 2 - New Construction Takeaway
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Compatibility of components or adjacent, layered building materials is key.
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Go with building product manufacturers that are taking the lead on material compatibility/creating systems rather than lone materials (like ZIP Systemâ&#x20AC;Ś.)
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Puzzle 3: What the heck are these guys up to?
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Images courtesy of Building America/Building Science Corporation
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Puzzle 3: Moisture at ridge in hot-humid climate air-permeable cavity insulation in unvented roof
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Images courtesy of Building America/Building Science Corporation
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Puzzle 3: Vapor Diffusion Ports
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Illustration: Tim Healey (JLC)/BSC
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Are vapor diffusion ports code compliant in CZ3?
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5.2.1: port location
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5.2.2: port area 1:600 ceiling 5.2.3: port v.p. â&#x2030;Ľ 20 perms 5.2.4: port = air barrier 5.2.5: port protect precip
Are vapor diffusion ports code compliant in CZ3?
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5.2.6: framing can’t block port
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5.2.7: roof slope ≥ 3:12
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5.2.8: air-permeable insulation up against roof sheathing 5.2.9: any air-impermeable tight to air-permeable insulation 5.2.10: dedicated air flow to attic – 50 cfm/1000 sf ceiling
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Puzzle 4: Radiant barriers in unvented attic\
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Building supply bar code sticker
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Puzzle 5: liquid water leaksâ&#x20AC;¦
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Puzzle 5: recurring water leaks
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Brick veneer Indianapolis, IN Tyvek-OSB-FG-PE-GWB $200,000 reclad
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Moisture problems persist
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Given these 2 faces, can you guess where the moisture expressed?
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Bay bump-out
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Fireplace chimney
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What happens to water getting past the brick veneer above the bumpout brick ledge?
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Problem? Solutions?
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Chimney is a â&#x20AC;&#x153;confusedâ&#x20AC;? space, not completely in or out of the house
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Water getting behind veneer running down to bump-out shed roof and going where? Solution(s)? Follow the water
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WRB continuous around chimney chase
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Thru-flashing to carry moisture load from brick veneer above
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What about painting the brick to reduce/eliminate bulk water wetting?
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Puzzle 5 - New Construction Takeaway
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The â&#x20AC;&#x153;pen testâ&#x20AC;? would have avoided this construction defect.
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Make sure that all 3 of your control layers work; are continuous.
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Puzzle fatigueâ&#x20AC;¦
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AIA CES
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• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
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HBCF_2018_5
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•
Hanley Wood Media, LLC
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Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com