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E B U H
G N E R
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2015 Energy Code
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E (as Opportunity) E N I G
E B U H
N E R
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AIA CES
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O O
S D
• Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. • This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
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G N E R
• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •
E B U H
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Discussion on the changes in the 2015 IECC as they relate to the Building Enclosure, HVAC, and the integration of the two. Discussion on how performance components of insulation, water management, air leakage, and HVAC relate to each other and as a whole to the building enclosure. Meeting the new code can be challenging, come understand the opportunities available in meeting these challenges. Pete and Steve will have you walking away with Easy‐to‐Understand solutions they use everyday, that meet the new code, while providing the means to a comfortable, durable, energy efficient, valued building enclosure.
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1. Identify the new provisions of the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) and the Energy‐Efficiency requirements of the 2012 and 2015 International Residential Code (IRC). 2. Compare and contrast the Prescriptive and Performance compliance paths of the IECC and IRC. 3. Explain why the relationship between vented claddings, exterior continuous insulation, and the four categories of vapor permeability (Class I – III and vapor open). 4. Describe the interaction between air sealing and insulation performance in buildings.
E B U H
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Choosing a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost Discipline
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Learning
G N E R
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Choosing a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost When someone makes your skin crawl they are either full of it or you are about to learn something‌ You have a choice:
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Write them off (easy path)
G N E R
Listen closely (much harder)
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O O I decided to listen more closely… W D E R E E N I G N E R
Building science was like that for me…
Building Science Corp.
You have a choice of paths
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Code compliance (pretty easy path, all three of them‌)
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G N E R
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High performance as a business opportunity (maybe harder initially but...)
IECC Climate Map
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G N E R
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E B U H
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Code Resource Center
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Understanding Energy Codes: Compliance Paths Mandatory Requirements must be met in every building design regardless of compliance path.
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G N E R
Prescriptive (components) Follow a menu of requirements.
E B U H
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Performance (systems) Flexible; allows tradeoffs.
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Energy Rating Index (new for 2015) Simpler; still flexible. Incl. ERI method or RESNET, Energy Star 3.1, Passivehaus,
Mandatory: Key Elements
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G N E R
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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AIR SEALING REQUIREMENTS (Mandatory)
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N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory).
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The building thermal envelope shall be constructed to limit air leakage in accordance with the requirements of Sections N1102.4.1 through N1102.4.5. • • • • •
G N E R
All joints, seams and penetrations. Site‐built windows, doors and skylights. Openings between window and door assemblies and their respective jambs and framing. Utility penetrations. Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope.
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• • • •
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Knee walls. Walls and ceilings separating a garage from conditioned spaces. Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls. Common walls between dwelling units.
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N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory)
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E E N ACH50: air changes per hour @ 50 Pascals I G pressure difference inside/outside home N E R
Testing required: No greater than 3 ACH50
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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DUCTS
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N1103.3.2 (R403.3.2) Sealing (Mandatory) Ducts, air handlers and filter boxes shall be sealed.
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Exception: Ducts located completely inside the building thermal envelope.
E B U H
G N E R
N1103.3.5 (R403.3.5) Building Cavities (Mandatory). Framing cavities shall not be used as ducts or plenums.
Mandatory: Key Elements
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R402.4.3 Fenestration Air Leakage
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- 0.3 cfm/sf (cubic feet per minute per square foot of window area) - 0.5 cfm/sf max for swinging doors
NFRC Window Labels
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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HVAC load calculation standard vs…
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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DUCT LEAKAGE
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N1103.3.3 (R403.3.3) Duct Testing (Mandatory)
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E B U H
G N E R
Austin Green Team
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1. Rough‐in test: Total leakage less than or equal to 6 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area. 2. Post‐construction test: Total leakage less than or equal to 6 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area.
Mandatory: Key Elements
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MECHANICALÂ VENTILIATON
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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MECHANICALÂ VENTILIATON
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Understanding Energy Codes
O INSULATION REQUIREMENTS: R4020102R402.1.2 (by Climate Zone – CZ) O W D E R E E N I G N E R E B U H CZ
Window U‐Factor
Windo w SHGCb, e
Ceiling R‐ value
Wood Wall R‐ value
Floor R‐ value
Bsmnt R‐ value
Slab R‐ Value & Depth
Crawl wall R‐ value
4
0.35
0.4
38
20 or 13+5h
19
10/13
10, 2 ft
10/13
5
0.32
NR
49
20 or 13+5h
30f
10/13
10, 2 ft
10/13
6
0.32
NR
49
23, 30f 20+5, 18+6.5, or
10/13
10, 4 ft
15/19
Footnotes: Important and helpful
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d. (Basements) The first R‐value applies to continuous insulation on the interior or exterior of the home, the second to framing cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall; either insulation meets the requirement. e. (Slabs) R‐5 shall be added to the required slab edge R‐values for heated slabs. g. “13 + 5” = R‐13 cavity insulation + R‐5 insulated sheathing. If structural sheathing covers 40% or less of the exterior, continuous R‐ value can be reduced by no more than R‐3 in locations where structural sheathing is used (maintain a consistent sheathing thickness).
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2015 Model Energy Code: Vapor Retarders
N1102.1.1 (R402.1.1) Vapor Retarder.
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Wall assemblies in the building thermal envelope shall comply with the vapor retarder requirements of Section R702.7.
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2015 Model Energy Code: Vapor Retarders
R702.7 Vapor Retarders Base‐case for Prescriptive code: Class I or II
E B U H
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G N E R
Can use Class III, but must meet specific criteria
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Class I: Sheet polyethylene, unperforated aluminum foil. Class II: Kraft‐faced fiberglass batts. Class III: Latex paint.
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TABLE R702.7.1 CLASS III VAPOR RETARDERS
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Up Next: My buddy, Steve – Defining High Performance
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G N E R
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• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
E E IN
HBCF_2018_1 •
G N E R
Hanley Wood Media, LLC
E B U H
Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com
WELCOME
E R
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HOMEBUILDING CROSSROADS
E B U H
E E FALL 2020 N I G HIGH PERFORMANCE N E R DEFINED
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AIA CES
O O
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• Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. • This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
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E E IN
G N E R
• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •
E B U H
Course Description
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Lots of programs and companies use the term high performance; Peter and Steve have built one that they use in all their work. High performance means a comfortable, durable, energy efficient, beautiful, valued building enclosure. Steve takes these adjectives and turns them in to real elements in his homes. If Steve’s clients can buy into his definition of high performance, other building professionals certainly can too.
E B U H
G N E R
Learning Objectives
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1. Understand what drives the energy efficiency parameters of a High Performance Home 2. Use Steve’s system to develop and plan for implementation of a High Performance Home 3. Use the “pen” test on your own building assemblies, based on how Steve uses this test on his own projects. 4. Connect the weather‐resistive barrier (WRB) to flashing systems at all penetrations—techniques and materials that Steve uses.
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Case for HIGH PERFORMANCE • Energy Efficiency • Resource Efficiency • Water Efficiency • Health
E B U H
W • Durability D E •R Value / Quality E E • Comfort N I
O O
• Indoor Air Quality
G N E “WE SELL VALUE = SUCCESS” R
S D
Where are YOU? Does it REALLY MATTER?S
D O
O W
“While Labels present a relative
D E
comparison of position – for me,
R E Opportunity E IN
HP is
the balance of budget / performance and
E B U H
G N E R
the
to set oneself
apart from the rest”
The Goal isn’t to deliver the most exceptional performance every time – but rather be prepared to answer the question
WHAT’s the NEXT STEP?
PROFESSIONALS,
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It is OUR RESPONSIBILITY
G N E R
to put our buildings in a
POSITION FOR
E B U H
SUCCESS!!
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“We are the
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Innovation is a Process and a DisciplineDS
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E B U H
G N E R
NOT a PRODUCT
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CURRENT CHALLENGES
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Code Materials Assemblies
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Workmanship CLIENT DESIRE
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Performance CLIENT SATISFACTION
E B U H
G N E R
Past Thinking………………………………………… Current Thinking
The EDUCATION Imperative One of the PROBLEMS with our industry is that we tend to believe and receive our education “Old School”…….
OLD
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G N E R
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while our actual necessity to keep up requires “New School”…..
NEW
O O
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And of course, there is always the CHALLENGE of Theory vs Practice
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G N Sometimes our history E CHALLENGES our R desireE to make change B U H
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Historically for Some – Change Heightens Risk
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FOUR Components of High Performance
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25% / 55%
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G N E R 25% / 15%
25% / 15%
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Considered EQUAL at Conception, as IMPROVEMENT to any Component increases, the Contribution of the Other Components – REGRESSES
25% / 15%
High Performance Decision making requires PROPORTIONATE Advancement
FOUR Barriers of Control in Order of PRIORITY S
D E
E B U H
O W
Control provides increased: • Durability, • Comfort, • Health, and • Energy Efficiency
R E E IN
G N E R
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High Performance = CONTROL
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G N E R
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Water Management
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Air Barrier
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Thermal Vapor
E B U H
G N E R
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“Pretty Lines” – but do you understand what they mean? Can you PROFILE a detail? Can the detail be successfully profiled??
PRE Construction Meeting
From To
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E B U H
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G N E R
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”INTEGRATION”…….not Application
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Many of the SERVICES required need to be PLANNED FOR (especially SOG Foundations)
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G N E R
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DETAILS Drawn as a SET of TWINS
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Air Sealing/Framing Detail
Finish Detail
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G N E R
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INTEGRATING Design and Performance
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G N E R
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WATERRE
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G N E R
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DURABILITY – Right and Wrong Decisions S
D E
R E E IN
?
?
E B U H
G N E R
D O
O W
?
?
WATER MANAGEMENT ‐ Rule #1 DOWN
DOWN
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G N E R OUT
E B U H
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Ensure the rule is applied to ALL Details
O O
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OUT
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G N E R
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Identifying the DRAINAGE PLANE Continuity is KEY..... E B U H
E B U H
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8.9%
G N E R
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18.1%
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MANAGEÂ Penetrations
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NO
E R E YES E N I G
E B U H
N E R
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AIR RE E
E IN
E B U H
G N E R
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RED LINE Test OUTSIDE INSIDE
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G N E R
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AIRTIGHTNESS Highest Exfiltration Pressure
E B U H
G N E R
Highest Infiltration Pressure
Airtightness Pressures VARY Along the Building Envelope
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Neutral Pressure Plane
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ENERGY STAR THERMAL BYPASS CHECKLIST
E B U H
G N E R
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E B U H
G N E R
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DIS‐Continuity = Failure
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G N E Good selection of material but POOR EXECUTION R E B U H
POSITIONING for Success
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E B U H
G N E R
Both PLANNING and EXECUTION require UNDERSTANDING
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CONTINUITY Is KEY!!
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G N E R
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Common Materials. Planned Execution. E B U H
Continuity TESTING
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E B U H
G N E R
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O O
4 Formal Blower Door Tests and 1 Fog Test 1. 32 cfm at 50Pa (.16 Ach50Pa) 2. 25 cfm at 50Pa (.12 Ach50Pa) 3. 104 cfm at 50Pa (.51 Ach50Pa) 4. 116 cfm at 50Pa (.56 Ach50Pa)
FINAL 110 cfm at 50Pa (.54 Ach50Pa)
.45 .56
.37 W D
E R
E E IN .32
PASSIVE HOUSE BLOWER DOOR FINAL TEST (AVG ‐POS/NEG) ach50 Pa
.16
E B U H
G N E R
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VAPORRE
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G N E R
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VAPOR – It challenges everything…
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Durability, Health, Comfort, Energy Efficiency Success balances in a degree or two!
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G N E R
MECHANICAL VENTILATION = Control Point Source
Distributed
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G N E R
Return
Supply
Exhaust
Supply
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E THERMAL R
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G N E R
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THERMAL Control…… Proportional and Continuous R‐7.5 STEPPING OFF R‐5 Window R‐21+6 R‐60 Ceiling R‐40 Above Grade Wall R‐20 Below Grade Wall R‐10 Subslab
E B U H
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R‐60
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G N E R
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R‐13 R‐9
R‐15
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WHOLE WALL R‐Value “Proportionate AND Continuous – the MATH”
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WHOLE WALL
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WALL SPECIFICATIONS
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O O
ADD R‐6.5 CONTINUOUS
R‐7.0
R‐11.3 (61%)
R‐8.7
R‐12.6 (44%)
R‐9.6
R‐13.5 (41%)
WALL SPECIFICATIONS (INCREASE TO R‐5 WINDOW)
WHOLE WALL
INCREASE TO R‐7.5 WINDOW
2x6 16”oc (20%) // R‐5 win (15%) // R‐21 + 6.5 CONT (65%)
R‐14.6
R‐17.1 (17%)
2x6 16”oc (20%) // R‐5 win (15%) // R‐21 + 13 CONT (65%)
R‐16.9
R‐20.3 (20%)
2x8 24”oc (15%) // R‐5 win (15%) // R‐28 + 13 CONT (70%)
R‐18.6
R‐22.8 (23%)
2x4 16”oc (22%) // R‐3 window (15%) // R‐15 Cavity (63%)
E E IN
2x6 16”oc (22%) // R‐3 window (15%) // R‐19 Cavity (63%)
2x6 24”oc (14%) // R‐3 window (15%) // R‐21 Cavity (71%)
E B U H
G N E R
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ZIP SYSTEM R‐SHEATHING
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E B U H
G N E R
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DREAM Utility Bill = $0.00
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G N This home will NEVER pay for E energy R E B U H
O O
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O O
It’s not that High Performance Houses cost too much; it’s that our idea of a fairly priced new home is based on a history of building houses to meet embarrassingly Low Performance benchmarks.
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E B U H
G N E THANK YOU R
“Baczek”
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G N E R
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Homebuilding Crossroads: 2015 Energy Code and High Performance Building Science Foundation – Keeping Our Homes Safe and Sound
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G N E R
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AIA CES
W D
O O
S D
• Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. • This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
E R
E E IN
G N E R
• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •
E B U H
Course Description
E R
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E E IN
S D
O O
The building science principles forming the foundation for high performance are how heat moves, how moisture moves, and how the two always work together. The three forms of heat transfer—radiation, conduction, and convection—and the four modes of moisture movement—bulk water, capillary water, air‐transported moisture, and vapor diffusion—are covered by practical expressions in buildings. The management of heat and moisture (hygrothermal) is accomplished by continuous control layers—water, air, and thermal—and then inevitable wetting is managed with a vapor profile—dedicated and directional drying by diffusion. This educational module sets the stage for how high performance can be accomplished in the context of model energy code compliance. It also sets the stage for how a high performance enclosure demands high performance HVAC, particularly connecting ACCA Manual J (load calculations) with ACCA Manuals S (system sizing) and D (duct distribution and sizing).
E B U H
G N E R
Learning Objectives
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1. Employ building science principles in their own design, specification and construction work. 2. Use the “pen” test to determine control layer continuity in their own building assemblies and enclosures. 3. Connect lower load building enclosures to higher performance HVAC. 4. Work with their clients to show how high performance translates into efficiency, better thermal comfort, improved indoor air quality and less maintenance/greater resilience.
E B U H
G N E R
Full disclosure…
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G N E R
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What is Building Science, anyway?
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• Study of how heat, air, and moisture move in, around, and through buildings • How stuff gets wet and dries (or not…) • Moisture and heat flows are linked; this is not an option, it’s the LAW • High performance builders: manage heat & moisture with equal intensity
E B U H
G N E R
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Proof Positive
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E B U H
G N E R
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How many ways can a building get wet?
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E B U H
G N E R
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The black mason’s flashing was installed after and in front of the green housewrap. This is reverse flashing that will do more to trap than drain water that gets past the brick veneer.
E B U H
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O O
G N E R
46
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
O O
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• Bulk water
W • leak, inside or out D E R E E
Solution? IN
E B U H
G N E R Weatherlap…
How many ways can a building get wet?
12.8% W D
E R
E E IN
E B U H
G N E R 18.0%
O O
S D
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
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• Wicking
W • capillarity of porous D E materials R E E
N I GSolution?
E B U H
N E Cap breaks R
Cap Break
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E B U H
G N E R
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S D
How many ways can a building get wet?
E R
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E E IN
E B U H
G N E R
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How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
W • Air leak D E R E E
• Convection
N I G
E B U H
N E R
Solution?
O O
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Air Seal
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E B U H
G N E R
O O
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Air Sealing Innovation: AeroBarrier
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E B U H
G N E R
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Air Sealing Innovation: AeroBarrier
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E B U H
G N E R
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How many ways can a building get wet?
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G N E R
Summer basement conditions, bare dirt floor: Air Temperature = 66 F Relative Humidity = 91% Dewpoint temperature = 63.5
E B U H
O O
S D
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
O O
S D
W • interior‐exterior D E gradients, created by R E Espace conditioning &
• Diffusion
N I G
E B U H
N E R
climate
Solution?
Decouple soil moisture from space
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E E IN
E B U H
G N E R
O O
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Prioritizing moisture movement • #1 – bulk water • #2 – capillary water • #3 – air-transported moisture • #4 – diffusive moisture movement
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E B U H
G N E R
W D
O O
S D
How many ways can a building assembly dry? • Free drainage • Convection • Diffusion
E B U H
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• Space • Air pathway and driving force • Evaporation
E E IN
G N E R
W D
O O
S D
S D
Once wet, how does the inside of a wall like this dry?
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E B U H
G N E R
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S D
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Drying Potential of Building Assemblies
E R
E E N Why We Care About the Vapor Permeability of Building I G Materials N E R E B U H or
How many layers in this wall? • Block • Lathing • Plaster
E B U H
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G N E R
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O O
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How many layers in today’s “typical” wall?
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• Exterior finish
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E B U H
G N E R
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Two…
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• Exterior finish • Cladding
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E B U H
G N E R
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Three and four…
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• Exterior finish • Cladding • Drainage space (rainscreen) • WRB
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E B U H
G N E R
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Five and six…
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• Exterior finish • Cladding • Drainage space • WRB • Sheathing • Framing
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E B U H
G N E R
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Seven, eight…
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• Exterior finish • Cladding • Drainage space • WRB • Sheathing • Framing • Insulation • Gypsum board
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G N E R
O O
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Nine and ten.
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• Exterior finish • Cladding • Drainage space (“rainscreen) • WRB • Sheathing • Framing • Insulation • Gypsum board • Primer • Interior finish
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Vapor Profile
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1.
Determine vapor permeability of each component of assembly
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Categorize each component (Class I, II, III, vapor open)
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Class I:
< 0.1 perms
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0.1 – 1 perms
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Class III:
1 – 10 perms
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“Vapor open:”
> 10 perms
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3.
Assess direction and extent of vapor drive: (remember always high to low)
4.
Identify/assess drying direction & potential
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Representative Vapor Permeability Info
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Material
Dry Cup
Wet Cup
Comments
Plywood
.75
3.5
Semi-permeable
OSB
.75
2
Fiberboard (AI)
14.5
15
Thermo Ply
0.5
XPS
1
EPS
5
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6-mil poly
.06
Kraft paper
1
MemBrainâ&#x201E;˘
1
TyvekÂŽ
Latex paint (primer + 1 coat)
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5
Semi-
Permeable
impermeable
Semi (but with skin, im-)
Semi-
.06
Impermeable
5 - 10
Semi- (variable)
10+
Variable, by design
14
?
permeable
3.6
6
Semi-
Data from BSC Building Materials Property Table
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Energy Code 2015: Vapor retarders
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Vapor Profile: Example 1 1. Latex paint - 17 perms 2. Wall board - 40 3. Cellulose - 75 4. XPS 1 5. Air space - “300” 6. Wood siding - “35” 7. Oil-based paint - 0.6 Least permeable (other than 7): 4. XPS
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Vapor Profile: Example 2 1. Vinyl wallpaper - <0.1 perms 2. Wall board - 40 3. Cellulose - 75 4. Foil-faced polyiso - <0.1 5. Vinyl siding - â&#x20AC;&#x153;60â&#x20AC;? Least permeable (in fact, impermeable): 1 & 4
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Connecting High Performance, the new Code, and Building Science
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• Keeping homes safe and sound means protecting the structure (durability) and occupants (IAQ) while you improve energy efficiency • To do that, you need to manage energy and moisture with equal intensity—it’s the Law • You achieve this with continuous control layers for water, air, and heat flows • And your backup plan is to design in drying potential “just in case” stuff gets wet
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Wait: how—if at all—are roofs different than walls?
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• Do roofs see any less or more bulk water? • Do roofs see any less or more conductive heat loss? • Do roofs see any less or more convective heat loss? • Do roofs vent any worse or better than walls? • Do roofs see any more or less sun? • Do roofs see any more or less wind?
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Attics and roofs:
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Cathedralized attic
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Roofs: Hygrothermal Performance and the Code • Is there an attic and is it vented, and how? • Gable‐to‐gable vs soffit‐to‐ridge • Free square footage ratio to floor area
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• 1:150 vs 1:300
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• If no attic, is the roof assembly vented or unvented? • Does the ceiling of the attic “need” a vapor retarder? • Does the Code make the same connections for vapor retarder/continuous insulation/vented cladding as it does for walls?
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What about vented vs unvented? • R806.1 Ventilation required (except when it is not…)
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• R806.2 Minimum vent area: 1/150 (where did this come from?)
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• R806.3 Vent clearance: minimum vent depth – 1‐inch (and this?)
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• R806.5 Unvented attic & unvented enclosed rafter assemblies (huh?)
R806.5 – Unvented Attic & Unvented Enclosed Rafter Assemblies
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• Continuous air barrier at ceiling • No Class I vapor retarder at ceiling • Wood roof claddings: special attention to drying • Air‐permeable cavity Insulation: Table R806.5 Insulation for Condensation Control
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R806.5 – Unvented Attic & Unvented Enclosed Rafter Assemblies
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Attic‐Roof Summary
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• Vent attics and roofs until you can’t (Steve B) • Simple roofs forgive; complex roofs don’t. • Select roof assembly materials/mfgrs that are “HP” • Worry about your control layers same as you do for walls: water, air, vapor, thermal • Airtight gets short shrift; make your roofs/attics TIGHT. • Do NOT vent to manage air leakage; it’s a losing proposition • Manage energy & moisture with equal intensity…
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Hygrothermal Balance WETTING: ‐ Bulk water ‐ Capillary water ‐ Air‐transported ‐ Diffusion
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DRYING:
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‐ Free drainage ‐ Cap break ‐ Convection ‐ Diffusion
YOUR BUILDING
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AIA CES
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• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
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HBCF_2018_2 •
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Hanley Wood Media, LLC
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Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com
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High Performance in E R E PRACTICE E
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Airtightness 1.1 Ach 50 Pa
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R‐29
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R‐10
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R‐50
R‐29
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INITIAL PRESSURE
UNDERSTANDING the means to a CLEAN successful application
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WETTING
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“WETTED”
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G N E “NOT WETTED” R
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G N E DO NOT TRY THIS AT HOME, R E B U H 10th YEAR
But I DID…….
FULL EXPOSURE
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G Roof Overhang N Drainage Plane E R Developing a Path for SUCCESS E B U H
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Rainscreen
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Identifying the DRAINAGE PLANE Continuity is KEY.....
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CLOSED JOINT
OPEN JOINT
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The many FACES of RAINSCREENS
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2 WAY SYSTEMS
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DIAGONAL
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Higher Durability offers Less Expensive Options
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“SLIDER”
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2x8 24”oc WOOD FRAME
RAISED HEEL
HDR POCKET
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AIR LEAKAGE .45 ach 50 Pa R-91.7
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U .13 / R-7.6
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R-48.3
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• 33 US Made Suniva 265 W Panels = 8,745 watts • Oriented True South – on 32 Degree (7.5 Pitch)
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PV System Economics Tax Credits INITIAL COST @ $3.95 / Watt LESS 30% FED TAX CREDIT 2014 LESS MASS CEC REBATE NET COST AFTER TAX CREDITS
$ 34,605 $ ‐10,382 $ ‐2,000
$ 22,224
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• Placed in Service 10/6/2014 – Waited To Get Accurate House Demand
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• In Service Over 3 Years
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• Generated Over 35,100 KWH So Far
SREC’s
SRECS ‐ 31 Sold thru Oct 2017 @ Average $260 each NET COST AFTER SRECS
$ ‐ 8,047
$ 14,176
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Avoided Electric Bills LESS AVOIDED ELEC BILLS TBL 10 NET COST AFTER SRECs & AVOIDED BILLS
• Annual Avoided Bills $1500
$ ‐ 4,976
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FINAL COST AFTER SRECs & AVOID & TRANSFERS
• Annual SREC’s $3000 / 7 More Years of SREC’s
$ 9,200
• Falmouth Rate = 20 cents / KWHr
Transfers
LESS PAYMENT TRANSFER TO IN LAWS
• Paid in Full in 5 years
$ ‐ 2,057
$ 7,143
YEAR 10
+$22,770 46
New Chevy Bolt â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Now Net Zero For Housing And Transportation
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Should Be Able To Travel 14,000
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Miles/Yr With PV At 3.5 Miles/KWH 47
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Water Management Air Barrier
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Thermal Vapor
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Air Barrier
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Thermal
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Water Management
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Water Management Air Barrier Thermal
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Water Management Air Barrier Thermal
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Vapor
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ROOF / EAVE / HEAD ASSEMBLY
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W ? D E R E ? E N I G ? N E R
Measured in CFM @Ach 50 Pa
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THANK YOU
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STEVEN BACZEK Architect
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@stevenbaczekarchitect (Instagram) www.stevenbaczekarchitect.com 781.354.5839
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AIA CES
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• Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. • This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
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• Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. •
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Course Description
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Building Science Puzzles ‐ A wide variety of moisture problems in buildings are covered in a step‐by‐step discovery process in which attendees use building science principles to identify the moisture problems and develop appropriate solutions. Even though all of the puzzles are for existing buildings the principles demonstrated by each puzzle can and will be related to moisture management in new construction.
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Learning Objectives
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1. Use building science principles to solve building science puzzles on their own projects 2. Employ the step‐by‐step prioritization of wetting and drying mechanisms to solve their own moisture problems 3. Link specific moisture management strategies to specific moisture problems 4. Use the appropriate building performance tools—moisture meters, hygrometers, blower door, infra‐red camera—to solve moisture problems in their own buildings
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Premises Things get wet, heat dries them out.
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Energy efficiency measures reduce heat loss.
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Energy & moisture must be managed with equal intensity. Follow the water.
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Mold/Rot Basics
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• Temperature/Food/Water • Molds (spores) are everywhere, all the time… • They like the same temperatures we do… • They like many of the materials out of which we like to build… • Mold generally shows up at 19% MC or higher • Rot requires 25‐ 28% MC • The easiest/most effective approach to control mold/rot is, almost always, managing moisture.
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What about interior sources of moisture?
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Sources ‐ Household Moisture Source Showering Clothes drying Cooking (dinner) 5 house plants 1 cord “green” wood 4 people Building materials Ground moisture
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Quantity (pints) ??? 4 - 6/load 1.2 (+1.5 gas) 1/day 600 - 800/season .5/hour ??? 0 - 100/day
Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)
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Sources ‐ Household Moisture Source Showering Clothes drying Cooking (dinner) 5 house plants 1 cord “green” wood 4 people Building materials Ground moisture
Quantity (pints) .5 (5 - min shower) 4 - 6/load 1.2 (+1.5 gas) 1/day 600 - 800/season .5/hour 6 - 17/day 0 - 100/day
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Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)
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Puzzle 1 – Mold in kitchen • Mold insurance claim • Mold mitigated once • Building scientists called in • Structure at bottom of steep hill with lake on opposite side • Insurance inspector “baffled” by mold returning…
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View as you drive up…
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12
Pieces – addition with full basement
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Crawlspace inspection…
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“Incorrectly‐installed” floor insulation…
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Key Takeaways/Lessons Learned • Ignore the client; do the “edges” first… • Existing info • “Walk” the exterior (bulk water) • Foundation (bulk & capillary) • Follow the water…
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Puzzle 1 ‐ New Construction Takeaway
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• “Confused” areas of buildings are a REAL problem
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• Make sure that attics & crawlspaces are either completely in or completely outside your control layers: water, air, & thermal
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Puzzle 2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard
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Puzzle 2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • Pre‐primed trim & clapboard • Appears to bleed through the latex topcoat
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Puzzle 2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • South side but not north side • Clapboard with rainscreen • Same acrylic latex topcoat • Different source of clapboard
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Puzzle 2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • Species of wood does not seem to matter • Moisture content of wood is not above 15% and often quite a bit drier
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Forest Products Lab Experts:
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O • If you cover an oil‐based primer with a “modern” latex paint… O W • The oil in the primer becomes a food source… D • The latex paint is vapor permeable and allows moisture to make E it through to the oil… R E • Modern latex topcoats don’t have the chemical content to inhibit E mold like they used to… IN G • Solution: Don’t use oil‐based pre‐primed wood with latex top N coats E R • Solution: Or if you do, look for a latex top coat with mildicide E B U H
Puzzle 2 ‐ New Construction Takeaway
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• Compatibility of components or adjacent, layered building materials is key.
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• Go with building product manufacturers that are taking the lead on material compatibility/creating systems rather than lone materials (like ZIP system….)
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Puzzle 3: liquid water leaks…
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Puzzle 3: recurring water leaks • Brick veneer • Indianapolis, IN • Tyvek‐OSB‐FG‐PE‐GWB • $200,000 reclad • Moisture problems persist
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Given these 2 faces, can you guess where the moisture showed up?
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Fireplace chimney
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E B U What happens to water getting past brick veneer above the bumpout? H
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Problem? Solutions?
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O O • Chimney is a “confused” space, not completely in or out of the W house D • Water getting behind veneer running down to bump‐out shed E R roof and going … where? E • Solution(s)? Follow the water E N I • WRB continuous around chimney chase G N • Thru‐flashing to carry moisture load from brick veneer above E • What about painting the brick to reduce/eliminate bulk water R wetting? E B U H
Puzzle 3 ‐ New Construction Takeaway
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• The “pen test” would have avoided this construction defect.
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• Make sure that all 3 of your control layers work; are continuous.
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Puzzle 4: mold in closets in “certain” locations • Hudson Valley NY • About 10 years old • Full walk‐out basement • Vented attic
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Bulk water management
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Interior sources of moisture
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Interior sources of moisture
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Assessment conducted 4‐21‐15
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• Outdoors: 59F (dry bulb); RH 64%; dewpoint: 46F. • Basement: 56F (dry bulb); RH: 60%; dewpoint: 42F • Kitchen: 65.5 F (dry bulb); RH: 56%; dewpoint: 47F • Upstairs (MBR): 68F (dry bulb); RH: 46%; dewpoint: 47
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One more crucial clue:
E Mold on back wallsR of closet E gypsum board E only in closets N I along G central partition. N E R E B U H
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Puzzle #4: last clue – proportions?
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Basement looking up…
Attic looking down…
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Solutions? • Air seal marriage wall in basement/attic • Improve bulk water management • Connect downspouts properly to drainage • Waterproof exposed above‐grade foundation
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• Improve interior moisture management
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• Vent kitchen range hood to outdoors • Replace existing bath exhausts with Energy Star h‐controlled or timer units • Store less cordwood in basement
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Puzzle 4 ‐ New Construction Takeaway
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• Performance testing (in this case, blower door test) is really key to getting the details right on each home.
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• A high performance homeowner’s manual can help with occupant management of moisture loads they create and can be a great marketing tool distinguishing your company’s attention to detail.
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Puzzle fatigue…
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• This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
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Hanley Wood Media, LLC
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Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com