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O 2015 Energy Code W D E R E (as Opportunity) E N I G N E PRESENTED BY
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Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
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___________________________________________ Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
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COURSE DESCRIPTION
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Discussion on the changes in the 2015 IECC as they relate to the Building Enclosure, HVAC, and the integration of the two. Discussion on how performance components of insulation, water management, air leakage, and HVAC relate to each other and as a whole to the building enclosure. Meeting the new code can be challenging, come understand the opportunities available in meeting these challenges. Pete and Steve will have you walking away with Easy-to-Understand solutions they use everyday, that meet the new code, while providing the means to a comfortable, durable, energy efficient, valued building enclosure.
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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1. Identify the new provisions of the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) and the EnergyEfficiency requirements of the 2012 and 2015 International Residential Code (IRC). 2. Compare and contrast the Prescriptive and Performance compliance paths of the IECC and IRC. 3. Explain why the relationship between vented claddings, exterior continuous insulation, and the four categories of vapor permeability (Class I – III and vapor open). 4. Describe the interaction between air sealing and insulation performance in buildings.
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Choosing a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost
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• Discipline • Learning
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Choosing a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost When someone makes your skin crawl they are either full of it or you are about to learn something
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You have a choice: • Write them off (easy path) • Listen closely (much harder)
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Building science was like that for me…
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I decided to listen more closely…
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Building Science Corp.
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You have a choice of paths
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• Code compliance (pretty easy path, all three of them…)
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• High performance as a business opportunity (maybe harder initially but...)
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IECC Climate Map
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Connecticut State and County Level Map
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Code Resource Center
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Significant amendments:
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• Duct Leakage: relaxed from 4 – 8
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Understanding Energy Codes: Compliance Paths
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Mandatory Requirements must be met in every building design regardless of compliance path.
Prescriptive (components) Follow a menu of requirements.
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Performance (systems) Flexible; allows tradeoffs.
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Energy Rating Index (new for 2015) Simpler; still flexible. Incl. ERI method or RESNET, Energy Star 3.1, Passivehaus,
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D Mandatory: Key Elements E
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Mandatory: Key Elements AIR SEALING REQUIREMENTS (Mandatory) N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory).
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The building thermal envelope shall be constructed to limit air leakage in accordance with the requirements of Sections N1102.4.1 through N1102.4.5. • • • • •
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All joints, seams and penetrations. Site-built windows, doors and skylights. Openings between window and door assemblies and their respective jambs and framing. Utility penetrations. Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope.
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• • • •
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Knee walls. Walls and ceilings separating a garage from conditioned spaces. Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls. Common walls between dwelling units.
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Understanding Energy Codes
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AIR SEALING REQUIREMENTS (Mandatory)
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N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory)
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Testing required: No greater than 3 ACH50
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ACH50: air changes per hour @ 50 Pascals pressure difference inside/outside home
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Mandatory: Key Elements DUCTS
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N1103.3.2 (R403.3.2) Sealing (Mandatory) Ducts, air handlers and filter boxes shall be sealed.
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Exception: Ducts located completely inside the building thermal envelope.
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N1103.3.5 (R403.3.5) Building Cavities (Mandatory). Framing cavities shall not be used as ducts or plenums.
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Mandatory: Key Elements
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WINDOW AIR LEAKAGE (AL)
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R402.4.3 Fenestration Air Leakage
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- 0.3 cfm/sf (cubic feet per minute per square foot of window area)
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- 0.5 cfm/sf max for swinging doors
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NFRC Window Labels
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Mandatory: Key Elements HVAC: ACCA Manual J (R403.7)
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HVAC load calculation standard vs…
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Mandatory: Key Elements DUCT LEAKAGE
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N1103.3.3 (R403.3.3) Duct Testing (Mandatory)
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Austin Green Team
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1. Rough-in test: Total leakage less than or equal to 8 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area. 2. Post-construction test: Total leakage less than or equal to 8 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area.
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Mandatory: Key Elements MECHANICAL VENTILIATON
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Mandatory: Key Elements MECHANICAL VENTILIATON
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Understanding Energy Codes
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INSULATION REQUIREMENTS: R4020102R402.1.2 (by Climate Zone – CZ) CZ
Window UFactor
Window SHGCb, e
Ceiling R-value
4
0.35
0.4
38
5
0.32
NR
6
0.32
NR
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Bsmnt Rvalue
Crawl wall Rvalue
19
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Slab RValue & Depth
10/13
10, 2 ft
10/13
20 or 13+5h
30f
10/13
10, 2 ft
10/13
23, 20+5, 18+6.5, or 13+10
30f
10/13
10, 4 ft
15/19
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Floor Rvalue
Wood Wall Rvalue
49
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20 or 13+5h
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Footnotes Help
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d. (Basements) The first R-value applies to continuous insulation on the interior or exterior of the home, the second to framing cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall; either insulation meets the requirement.
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e. (Slabs) R-5 shall be added to the required slab edge R-values for heated slabs.
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g. “13 + 5” means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 insulated sheathing. If structural sheathing covers 40% or less of the exterior, continuous insulation R-value shall be permitted to be reduced by no more than R-3 in the locations where structural sheathing is used – to maintain a consistent total sheathing thickness.
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2015 Model Energy Code: Vapor Retarders
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N1102.1.1 (R402.1.1) Vapor Retarder.
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Wall assemblies in the building thermal envelope shall comply with the vapor retarder requirements of Section R702.7.
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2015 Model Energy Code: Vapor Retarders R702.7 Vapor Retarders Base-case for Prescriptive code: Class I or II Can use Class III, but must meet specific criteria
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Class I: Sheet polyethylene, unperforated aluminum foil.
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Class II: Kraft-faced fiberglass batts. Class III: Latex paint.
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2015 Model Energy Code: Insulation, venting, VRs?
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TABLE R702.7.1 CLASS III VAPOR RETARDERS
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Up Next: My buddy, Steve – Defining High Performance
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Code Questions?
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This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
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Hanley Wood Media
PRESENTED BY
Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
WELCOME
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HOMEBUILDING CROSSROADS
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SPRING 2019
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HIGH PERFORMANCE
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DEFINED
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Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
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This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
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___________________________________________ Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
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COURSE DESCRIPTION
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Lots of programs and companies use the term high performance; Peter and Steve have built one that they use in all their work. High performance means a comfortable, durable, energy efficient, beautiful, valued building enclosure. Steve takes these adjectives and turns them in to real elements in his homes. If Steve’s clients can buy into his definition of high performance, other building professionals certainly can too.
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Learning Objectives:
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1. Understand what drives the energy efficiency parameters of a High Performance Home 2. Use Steve’s system to develop and plan for implementation of a High Performance Home 3. Use the “pen” test on your own building assemblies, based on how Steve uses this test on his own projects.
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Where are YOU? Does it REALLY matter?
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High Performance Labels
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“While Labels present a relative
comparison of position – for me,
the balance of budget / performance and the
Opportunity to set oneself apart from the rest”
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Case for HIGH PERFORMANCE • Energy Efficiency
• Indoor Air Quality
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• Resource Efficiency
• Durability
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• Water Efficiency • Health
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• Value / Quality • Comfort
“WE SELL VALUE = SUCCESS”
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Final Choices Modest Advances
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Low Hanging Fruit
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As the level of Advancement and Opportunity in Performance increases – inversely proportional – the Cost increases
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The Goal isn’t to deliver the most exceptional performance every time – but rather be prepared to answer the question
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INNOVATION is a PROCESS and DISCIPLINE
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NOT a PRODUCT PRESENTED BY
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CURRENT CHALLENGES to What We Do Code Materials Assemblies
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Workmanship CLIENT DESIRE
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Performance CLIENT SATISFACTION
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Past Thinking………………………………………… Current Thinking
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The EDUCATION IMPERATIVE One of the PROBLEMS with our industry is that we tend to believe and receive our education “Old School”…….
OLD
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NEW
while our actual necessity to keep up requires “New School”…..
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And of course, there is always the CHALLENGE of Theory vs Practice
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Historically for Some – Change Heightens Risk
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Sometimes our history CHALLENGES our desire to make change
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FOUR Components of High Performance
25% / 55%
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25% / 15%
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25% / 15%
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Considered EQUAL at Conception, as IMPROVEMENT to any Component increases, the Contribution of the Other Components – REGRESSES
25% / 15%
High Performance Decision making requires PROPORTIONATE Advancement
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Four Barriers of Control in Order of Priority
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Control provides increased: • Durability, • Comfort, • Health, and • Energy Efficiency
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High Performance = CONTROL
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Air Barrier Thermal Vapor
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“Pretty Lines” – but do you understand what they mean?
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Water Management
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Can you PROFILE a detail? Can the detail be successfully profiled??
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Pre Construction Meeting
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To
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From
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“INTEGRATION”… not Application
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Many of the SERVICES required need to be PLANNED FOR (especially SOG Foundations)
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Details Drawn as Twins: Air Sealing / Framing and Finish Air Sealing/Framing Detail
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Finish Detail
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INTEGRATING Design and Performance
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WATER R
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Water Management Rule #1 – DOWN AND OUT DOWN
DOWN
OUT
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OUT
Ensure the rule is applied to ALL Details
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Manage Penetrations
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AIR
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The RED LINE test…
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Airtightness…
Highest Exfiltration Pressure
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Airtightness D EPressures VARY
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Neutral Pressure Plane
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Along the Building Envelope
Highest Infiltration Pressure IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
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ENERGY STAR THERMAL BYPASS CHECKLIST
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disCONTINUITY = Failure
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E Good selection of material but POOR EXECUTION R E B U H PRESENTED BY
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CONTINUITY is the key!
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E Common Materials. Planned Execution. R E B
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Continuity Testing
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4 Formal Blower Door Tests and 1 Fog Test 1. 32 cfm at 50Pa (.16 Ach50Pa) 2. 25 cfm at 50Pa (.12 Ach50Pa) 3. 104 cfm at 50Pa (.51 Ach50Pa) 4. 116 cfm at 50Pa (.56 Ach50Pa)
FINAL 110 cfm at 50Pa (.54 Ach50Pa)
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.45 .56
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PASSIVE HOUSE BLOWER DOOR FINAL TEST (AVG -POS/NEG) ach50 Pa
.16
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VAPORR
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VAPOR – It challenges everything…
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Durability, Health, Comfort, Energy Efficiency Success balances in a degree or two!
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Mechanical Ventilation: Control Point Source
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Distributed
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Return
Supply
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Exhaust
Supply
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THERMAL R
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Thermal Control… 40 (38) (49)
Thermal Control Proportional and Continuous
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3 (.32)
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21/6 (13/5)
15 (15) 10 (10)
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Thermal Control…
60 5
Thermal Control Proportional and Continuous
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20
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Whole Wall R-Value
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“Proportionate AND Continuous – the MATH”
2x6 16”oc (22%) // R-3 window (15%) // R-19 Cavity (63%)
D E R-8.7
R-12.6 (44%)
2x6 24”oc (14%) // R-3 window (15%) // R-21 Cavity (71%)
R-9.6
R-13.5 (41%)
WHOLE WALL
INCREASE TO R-7.5 WINDOW
2x6 16”oc (20%) // R-5 win (15%) // R-21 + 6.5 CONT (65%)
R-14.6
R-17.1 (17%)
2x6 16”oc (20%) // R-5 win (15%) // R-21 + 13 CONT (65%)
R-16.9
R-20.3 (20%)
2x8 24”oc (15%) // R-5 win (15%) // R-28 + 13 CONT (70%)
R-18.6
R-22.8 (23%)
WALL SPECIFICATIONS
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2x4 16”oc (22%) // R-3 window (15%) // R-15 Cavity (63%)
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WALL SPECIFICATIONS (INCREASE TO R-5 WINDOW)
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WHOLE WALL
ADD R-6.5 CONTINUOUS
R-7.0
R-11.3 (61%)
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ZIP SYSTEM R-SHEATHING
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Everyone’s Dream Utility Bill = $0.00
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G This home will NEVER N Epay for energy R E B PRESENTED BY
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This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
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Hanley Wood Media
PRESENTED BY
Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
O W
It’s not that High Performance Houses cost too much; it’s that our idea of a fairly priced new home is based on a history of building houses to meet embarrassingly Low Performance benchmarks.
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“Baczek”
THANK YOU
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S D O
H
O W Home Building Crossroads: D 2015 Energy Code and High Performance E R E E Building Science Foundation N I Keeping Our Homes Safe and Sound G N E R E B U PRESENTED BY
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
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S D O
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. ___________________________________________ Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
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D E
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Course Description
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The building science principles forming the foundation for high performance are how heat moves, how moisture moves, and how the two always work together. The three forms of heat transfer—radiation, conduction, and convection—and the four modes of moisture movement—bulk water, capillary water, air‐transported moisture, and vapor diffusion—are covered by practical expressions in buildings. The management of heat and moisture (hygrothermal) is accomplished by continuous control layers—water, air, and thermal—and then inevitable wetting is managed with a vapor profile—dedicated and directional drying by diffusion. This educational module sets the stage for how high performance can be accomplished in the context of model energy code compliance. It also sets the stage for how a high performance enclosure demands high performance HVAC, particularly connecting ACCA Manual J (load calculations) with ACCA Manuals S (system sizing) and D (duct distribution and sizing).
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Learning Objectives:
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1. Employ building science principles in their own design, specification and construction work. 2. Use the “pen” test to determine control layer continuity in their own building assemblies and enclosures. 3. Connect lower load building enclosures to higher performance HVAC. 4. Work with their clients to show how high performance translates into efficiency, better thermal comfort, improved indoor air quality and less maintenance/greater resilience.
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Full Disclosure
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What is Building Science, anyway?
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• Study of how heat, air, and moisture move in, around, and through buildings • How stuff gets wet and dries (or not…) • Moisture and heat flows are linked; this is not an option, it’s the LAW • High performance builders: manage heat & moisture with equal intensity
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Proof Positive
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
D E
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R How manyEways E can a building IN get wet? U H
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PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways…
U H
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G N
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways…
U H
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E IN
G N
E
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways…
U H
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G N
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PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
• Leak, inside or out
• Bulk water
U H
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G N Solution?
E
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Weather-lapped Flashing
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Photo: Berger Building Products
PRESENTED BY
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways can a building get wet?
U H
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PRESENTED BY
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23.4
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
D E
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S D O
• Capillarity of porous materials
R E
• Wicking
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E
G N Solution? PRESENTED BY
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Cap Break
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PRESENTED BY
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13.9
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways can a building get wet?
U H
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E IN
G N
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways can a building get wet?
U H
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E IN
G N
E
R E
PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways can a building get wet?
U H
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G N
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PRESENTED BY
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
D E
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• Air leak
R E
• Convection
U H
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G N Solution?
E
PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Air Seal
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
An innovative approach to air sealing: AeroBarrier
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
An innovative approach to air sealing: AeroBarrier
U H
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G N
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PRESENTED BY
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways can a building get wet?
E IN
G N
E
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Summer basement conditions, bare dirt floor:
R E B
Air Temperature = 66 F Relative Humidity = 91%
Dewpoint temperature = 63.5
U H
PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
• Interior-exterior gradients, created by space conditioning & climate
R E
• Diffusion
U H
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E
G N Solution? PRESENTED BY
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Decouple soil moisture from space
U H
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PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
• Bulk water • Wicking • Air-transported moisture • Diffusion
U H
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• Leak, inside or out • Capillarity of porous materials • Air leak • Interior-exterior gradients, created by space conditioning and climate
R E
E IN
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PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Prioritizing Moisture Movement
D E
#1 – bulk water #2 – capillary water
E IN
R E
#3 – air-transported moisture
G N
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#4 – diffusive moisture movement
U H
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PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many ways can a building assembly dry?
• Free drainage • Convection • Diffusion
U H
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• Space • Air Pathway and driving force • Evaporation
R E
E IN
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PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
S D O
Once wet, how does the inside of a wall like this dry?
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27.5
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
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H
O W Drying Potential of Building Assemblies D E or ER E N I Why We Care About the Vapor G N Permeability E of Building Materials R E B U PRESENTED BY
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
How many layers in this wall?
•Block •Lathing •Plaster
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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S D O
How many layers in today’s “typical” wall?
• Exterior finish
• Exterior finish
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Two…
• Exterior finish • Cladding
• Exterior finish • Cladding
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Three…
U H
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• Exterior finish • Cladding • WRB
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Four and five…
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• Exterior finish • Cladding • WRB • Sheathing • Framing
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Six, seven and eight…
U H
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• Exterior finish • Cladding • WRB • Sheathing • Framing • Insulation • Vapor retarder • Gypsum board
D E
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Nine and ten!
U H
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Exterior finish Cladding WRB Sheathing Framing Insulation Vapor retarder Gypsum board Primer Interior finish
D E
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E IN
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Vapor Profile
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1. Determine vapor permeability of each component of assembly
D E
2. Categorize each component (Class I, II, III, vapor open)
R E
3. Assess direction and extent of vapor drive: interior/exterior temperature difference, interior/exterior relative humidities (remember always high to low)
E IN
G N
4. Identify/assess drying direction & potential
U H
E Moisture profile rather than vapor profile? R E B PRESENTED BY
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Representative Vaper Permeability Info Material
Dry Cup
Wet Cup
Plywood
.75
3.5
OSB
.75
2
Fiberboard (AI)
14.5
Thermo Ply
0.5
XPS
1
EPS
5
MemBrain™
R E B
Tyvek®
E
U H
Semi-
Permeable impermeable Semi (but with skin, im-)
Semi-
.06
Impermeable
5 - 10
Semi- (variable)
10+
Variable, by design
14
?
permeable
3.6
6
Semi-
.06
Latex paint (primer + 1 coat)
1
Semi-permeable
5
G N
6-mil poly Kraft paper
E IN
0.6
O W
Comments
D E
R E 15
1
1
Data from BSC Building Materials Property Table PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Representative Vaper Permeability Info
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Representative Vaper Permeability Info
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Vapor Profile: EXAMPLE 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Latex paint - 17 perms Wall board - 40 Cellulose - 75 XPS - 1 Air space - “300” Wood siding - “35” Oil-based paint - 0.6
R E B
7 6 5 4
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Least permeable (other than 7): 4. XPS
U H
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3 2 1
Vapor Profile: EXAMPLE 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Vinyl wallpaper - <0.1 perms Wall board - 40 Cellulose - 75 Foil-faced polyiso - <0.1 Vinyl siding - “60”
R E
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G N
D E
5
4
O W
Least permeable (in fact, impermeable): 1 and 4
U H
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
3 2 1
Fitting it all together…
O W
How do you vapor retarders, vented claddings and exterior rigid insulation fit together?
R E
D E
S D O
• Classes of vapor retarder try to balance wintertime wetting with drying potential to the interior (the rest of the year…). • Vented claddings (or ventilated?) increase drying potential to the exterior (not to mention free drainage of bulk water). • Warming building assemblies reduces the potential for wintertime interstitial condensation. • The code is including more and more building science-based elements over time, recognizing that both heat and moisture flows must be managed.
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“It’s not the heat, it’s the humidity…”
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Mechanical Ventilation “…mechanical ventilation, operated at the ASHRAE 62.2-2010 addendum r rate, in a 3 ach50 house, raises the annual median indoor RH by almost 10% compared to a 7 ach50 house without mechanical ventilation in Orlando.”
U H
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U.S Department of Energy: Recommended Approaches to Humidity Control in High Performance Homes by Armin Rudd
PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Image credit ‐ Allison Bailes
Drivers of Latent Loads
“It’s not the heat, it’s the humidity…”
U H
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Source: ASHRAE Journal, Lewis G. Harriman III, Dean Plager, Douglas Kosar; Dehumidification and Cooling Loads From Ventilation Air, 1997
PRESENTED BY
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Source: ASHRAE Journal, Lewis G. Harriman III, Dean Plager, Douglas Kosar; Dehumidification and Cooling Loads From Ventilation Air, 1997
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Latent Loads… Latent Loads Increase as a Percentage of Total Loads at Part-Load Conditions.
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Conclusion… HVACD
•
D E
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High efficiency HVAC equipment can not always be counted on to keep LLH in humid climates dry, healthy and comfortable.
U H
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We have reduced the sensible loads on the home but the latent loads have not changed and possibly increased.
R E B
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HVAC system was sized according to Manual J
Home was build tight
•
S D O
PRESENTED BY
Bringing in outside air to meet ASHRAE or other standard
ACCA Manual LLH will look at: •
Resolving ventilation requirements (for occupant health and safety) while maintaining moisture control.
•
Addressing ancillary dehumidification equipment for humid locations (e.g., DOE Type A climate zones require ancillary dehumidification).
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Hypothermal Balance
WETTING Bulk water Capillary water Air-transported Diffusion
U H
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DRYING Free Drainage Cap Break Convection Diffusion
YOUR BUILDING
PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
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This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
E IN
Hanley Wood Media
U H
R E B
E
G N
PRESENTED BY
S D O
Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E IN
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D E
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S D O
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S D O
High Performance in D E R PRACTICE E
E IN
G N
Homebuilding Crossroads: 2015 Energy Code and High Performance
U H
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PRESENTED BY
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
D E
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S D O
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. ___________________________________________ Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
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Course Description
D E
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S D O
This is where the building science rubber meets the architect’s road. Steve uses his many high performance projects to show how high performance is translated into actual assemblies, with real materials, and with triedand-true project management done cooperatively with the architect and builder. Steve will have you walking away with Easy-to-Understand solutions he uses everyday, that meet the new code, while providing the means to a comfortable, durable, energy efficient, valued building enclosure.
U H
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PRESENTED BY
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
D E
Learning Objectives:
R E
1. Recognize thermal management strategies for a High Performance Home 2. be able to accomplish proper water management of a High Performance Home 3. Take home proper airtightness strategies for a High Performance Home 4. Embrace proper detailing for a High Performance Home
U H
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
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PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Airtightness 1.1 Ach 50 Pa R‐29
D E
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R‐50
R‐10
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R E
E IN
R‐19
PRESENTED BY
R‐10
S D O
R‐29
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E IN
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E
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PRESENTED BY
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E
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PRESENTED BY
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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PRESENTED BY
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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PRESENTED BY
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
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PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
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PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
INITIAL PRESSURE
UNDERSTANDING the means to a successful application
U H
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CLEAN
E
R E
E IN
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
WETTING
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
R E
“WETTED”
U H
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E
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D E
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“NOT WETTED”
PRESENTED BY
S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
10th
R E B
E
R E
E IN
G N
YEAR
DO NOT TRY THIS AT HOME, But I DID…….
U H
PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
FULL EXPOSURE
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E IN
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PRESENTED BY
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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PRESENTED BY
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E
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PRESENTED BY
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IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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Roof Overhang
D E
Drainage Plane
S D O
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Rainscreen
Developing a Path for SUCCESS PRESENTED BY
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
R E B
E IN
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D E
S D O
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Identifying the DRAINAGE PLANE Continuity is KEY.....
U H
PRESENTED BY
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E
R E
PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
R E B
E
CLOSED JOINT
U H
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E IN
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
OPEN JOINT
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E IN
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E
R E
D E
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The many FACES of RAINSCREENS PRESENTED BY
S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
R E B
G N
E
R E
E IN
2 WAY SYSTEMS
PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
DIAGONAL
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
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E
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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Higher Durability offers Less Expensive Options PRESENTED BY
S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
R E B
E IN
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E
R E
PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
R E B
E IN
G N
E
R E
PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
S D O
“SLIDER”
R E B
E
R E
E IN
G N
D E
O W
RAISED HEEL
HDR POCKET
2x8 24”oc WOOD FRAME
U H
PRESENTED BY
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
R E B
E IN
G N
E
R E
PRESENTED BY
D E
O W
S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
R E B
E IN
G N
E
R E
PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
R E B
E IN
G N
E
R E
PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
R E B
E IN
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E
R E
PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
AIR LEAKAGE .45 ach 50 Pa R-91.7
G N
U .13 / R-7.6
U H
R E B
E
R E
E IN
R-49.2
PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
R-48.3 IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
R E B
E IN
G N
E
R E
PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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PRESENTED BY
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E
R E
D E
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• 33 US Made Suniva 265 W Panels = 8,745 watts • Oriented True South – on 32 Degree (7.5 Pitch) PRESENTED BY
S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
PV System Economics Tax Credits $ 34,605
INITIAL COST @ $3.95 / Watt LESS 30% FED TAX CREDIT 2014 LESS MASS CEC REBATE NET COST AFTER TAX CREDITS
$ ‐10,382 $ ‐2,000
$ 22,224
D E
S D O
O W
• Placed in Service 10/6/2014 – Waited To Get Accurate House Demand
R E
• In Service Over 3 Years
• Generated Over 35,100 KWH So Far
E IN
SREC’s
SRECS ‐ 31 Sold thru Oct 2017 @ Average $260 each NET COST AFTER SRECS
G N
Avoided Electric Bills LESS AVOIDED ELEC BILLS TBL 10 NET COST AFTER SRECs & AVOIDED BILLS
Transfers
R E B
E
LESS PAYMENT TRANSFER TO IN LAWS
FINAL COST AFTER SRECs & AVOID & TRANSFERS
U H
$ ‐ 8,047
$ 14,176
• Paid in Full in 5 years
• Annual Avoided Bills $1500
$ ‐ 4,976
• Annual SREC’s $3000 / 7 More Years of SREC’s
$ 9,200
• Falmouth Rate = 20 cents / KWHr
$ ‐ 2,057
$ 7,143
PRESENTED BY
YEAR 10
+$22,770 IN PARTNERSHIP WITH 50
S D O
New Chevy Bolt – Now Net Zero For Housing And Transportation
U H
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E IN
G N
E
R E
Should Be Able To Travel 14,000 PRESENTED BY
D E
O W
Miles/Yr With PV At 3.5 Miles/KWH IN PARTNERSHIP WITH 51
Point Source
U H
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E IN
E
G N
PRESENTED BY
D E
R E
Supply Return
S D O
O W
Exhaust
Distributed
Supply
MECHANICAL VENTILATION CONTROL IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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E IN
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E
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PRESENTED BY
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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PRESENTED BY
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
U H
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G N
E
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PRESENTED BY
D E
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S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Water Management Air Barrier Thermal
D E
Vapor
U H
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E IN
G N
E
R E
PRESENTED BY
O W
S D O
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
O W
Water Management Air Barrier
U H
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Thermal
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Water Management Air Barrier Thermal
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Vapor
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Water Management Air Barrier Thermal
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ROOF / EAVE / HEAD ASSEMBLY
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Measured in CFM @Ach 50 Pa
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THANK YOU
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STEVEN BACZEK Architect @stevenbaczekarchitect www.stevenbaczekarchitect.com 781.354.5839
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This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
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Hanley Wood Media Cesar Rodriguez crodriguez@hanleywood.com
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Building Science D E R Puzzles E
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Homebuilding Crossroads: 2015 Energy Code and High Performance
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Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
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___________________________________________ Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
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Course Description
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Building Science Puzzles ‐ A wide variety of moisture problems in buildings are covered in a step‐by‐step discovery process in which attendees use building science principles to identify the moisture problems and develop appropriate solutions. Even though all of the puzzles are for existing buildings the principles demonstrated by each puzzle can and will be related to moisture management in new construction.
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Learning Objectives:
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1. Use building science principles to solve building science puzzles on their own projects 2. Employ the step‐by‐step prioritization of wetting and drying mechanisms to solve their own moisture problems 3. Link specific moisture management strategies to specific moisture problems 4. Use the appropriate building performance tools—moisture meters, hygrometers, blower door, infra‐red camera— to solve moisture problems in their own buildings
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Premises
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• Things get wet, heat dries them out. • Energy efficiency measures reduce heat loss. • Energy & moisture must be managed with equal intensity. • Follow the water.
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Mold/Rot Basics
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• Temperature/Food/Water • Molds (spores) are everywhere, all the time… • They like the same temperatures we do… • They like many of the materials out of which we like to build… • Mold generally shows up at 19% MC or higher • Rot requires 25- 28% MC • The easiest/most effective approach to control mold/rot is, almost always, managing moisture.
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D What about interior E R sources of moisture? E E N I G N E R E PRESENTED BY
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Sources - Household Moisture Source
Quantity (pints)
Showering
???
Clothes drying
4 - 6/load
Cooking (dinner)
1.2 (+1.5 gas)
1/day
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1 cord “green” wood 4 people
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Ground moisture
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5 house plants
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600 - 800/season
.5/hour
??? 0 - 100/day
Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)
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Sources - Household Moisture Source Showering Clothes drying Cooking (dinner) 5 house plants 1 cord “green” wood 4 people Building materials Ground moisture
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Quantity (pints) .5 (5 - min shower) 4 - 6/load 1.2 (+1.5 gas) 1/day 600 - 800/season .5/hour 6 - 17/day 0 - 100/day
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Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)
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Puzzle 1 – Mold in kitchen • Mold insurance claim • Mold mitigated once • Building scientists called in • Structure at bottom of steep hill with lake on opposite side • Insurance inspector “baffled” by mold returning…
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View as you drive up…
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12
Pieces – addition with full basement
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Crawlspace inspection…
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“Incorrectly-installed” floor insulation…
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Key Takeaways/Lessons Learned • Ignore the client; do the “edges” first… • Existing info • “Walk” the exterior (bulk water) • Foundation (bulk & capillary) • Follow the water…
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Puzzle 1 - New Construction Takeaway • “Confused” areas of buildings are a REAL problem
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• Make sure that attics & crawlspaces are either completely in or completely outside your control layers: water, air, & thermal
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Puzzle 2 – Mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard
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Puzzle 2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • Pre-primed trim & clapboard • Appears to bleed through the latex topcoat
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Puzzle 2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • South side but not north side • Clapboard with rainscreen • Same acrylic latex topcoat • Different source of clapboard
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Puzzle 2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • Species of wood does not seem to matter • Moisture content of wood is not above 15% and often quite a bit drier
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Forest Products Lab Experts:
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• If you cover an oil-based primer with a “modern” latex paint… • The oil in the primer becomes a food source… • The latex paint is vapor permeable and allows moisture to make it through to the oil… • Modern latex topcoats don’t have the chemical content to inhibit mold like they used to…
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• Solution: Don’t use oil-based pre-primed wood with latex top coats • Solution: Or if you do, look for a latex top coat with mildewcide
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Puzzle 2 - New Construction Takeaway
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• Compatibility of components or adjacent, layered building materials is key.
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• Go with building product manufacturers that are taking the lead on material compatibility/creating systems rather than lone materials (like ZIP System….)
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Puzzle 3: liquid water leaks…
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Puzzle 3: recurring water leaks
• Brick veneer • Indianapolis, IN • Tyvek-OSB-FG-PE-GWB • $200,000 reclad • Moisture problems persist
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Given these 2 faces, can you guess where the moisture expressed?
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Bay bump-out
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Fireplace chimney
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What happens to water getting past the brick veneer above the bumpout brick ledge?
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Problem? Solutions?
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• Chimney is a “confused” space, not completely in or out of the house • Water getting behind veneer running down to bump-out shed roof and going where? • Solution(s)? Follow the water • WRB continuous around chimney chase • Thru-flashing to carry moisture load from brick veneer above • What about painting the brick to reduce/eliminate bulk water wetting?
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Puzzle 3 - New Construction Takeaway
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• The “pen test” would have avoided this construction defect.
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• Make sure that all 3 of your control layers work; are continuous.
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Puzzle 4: mold in closets in “certain” locations • Hudson Valley NY • About 10 years old • Full walk-out basement • Vented attic
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Bulk water management
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Interior sources of moisture
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Interior sources of moisture
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Assessment conducted 4-21-15
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• Outdoors: 59F (dry bulb); RH 64%; dewpoint: 46F. • Basement: 56F (dry bulb); RH: 60%; dewpoint: 42F • Kitchen: 65.5 F (dry bulb); RH: 56%; dewpoint: 47F • Upstairs (MBR): 68F (dry bulb); RH: 46%; dewpoint: 47
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O One more crucial clue:W D E Mold on back wallsRof closet E gypsum board E only in closets N I along central partition. G N E R E B U PRESENTED BY
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Puzzle #4: last clue – proportions?
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Basement looking up… PRESENTED BY
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Attic looking down…
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Solutions? • Air seal marriage wall in basement/attic • Improve bulk water management
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• Connect downspouts properly to drainage • Waterproof exposed above-grade foundation
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• Improve interior moisture management
• Vent kitchen range hood to outdoors • Replace existing bath exhausts with Energy Star h-controlled or timer units • Store less cordwood in basement
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Puzzle 4 - New Construction Takeaway
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• Performance testing (in this case, blower door test) is really key to getting the details right on each home.
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• A high performance homeowner’s manual can help with occupant management of moisture loads they create and can be a great marketing tool distinguishing your company’s attention to detail.
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Puzzle 5: “Fanciful Fuel”
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Fireplace/woodstove insert above…
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CMU fireplace base below…
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Basement slab has moisture barrier
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CMU fireplace base supporting…
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Order of operations?
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Problem? Solution?
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• CMU chimney base put in before basement slab so likely no moisture barrier under fireplace CMU column • Staining pre-dates insert wood stove • But what about the blue-green efflorescence?
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Puzzle 5 - New Construction Takeaway
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• Working out job site sequencing is key to successful continuity of control layers
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• Maybe the pen test is not just footing to ridge but goes across the basement slab as well!
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This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Hanley Wood Media
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Puzzle fatigue…
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HW HBC Portsmouth and Bethesda: May 22 and 24 2018 References/Resources: 1. Vapor Profile – GBA: http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/dept/buildingscience/vapor-profiles-help-predict-whether-wall-can-dry 2. Dewpoint calculations – GBA: http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/dept/musings/calculating-minimumthickness-rigid-foam-sheathing
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3. Spray foam 7 tips – BuildingGreen: https://www.buildinggreen.com/blog/foamplace-insulation-7-tips-getting-injection-and-spray-foam-right 4. Sticky Business – BuildingGreen: https://www.buildinggreen.com/search/site/sticky%20business
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5. Designs That Work – BuildingScience Corp: https://buildingscience.com/document-search
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6. Enclosures That Work – BuildingScience Corp: https://buildingscience.com/document-search
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7. Architecture/Building Science/Enclosures: “Designing the Exterior Wall” – Linda Brock: https://www.wiley.com/enus/Designing+the+Exterior+Wall%3A+An+Architectural+Guide+to+the+Vertical+ Envelope-p-9780471451914
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8. Commercial high performance buildings - Whole Building Design Guide: https://www.wbdg.org
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9. Building Science for Building Enclosures – John Straube: https://buildingscience.com/bookstore/books/high-performance-enclosures or https://www.amazon.com/Building-Science-for-Enclosures/dp/0975512749 10. Yost blogs on building science puzzles et al – GBA: http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/dept/building-science 11. Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency http://www.dsireusa.org 12. Building America Solution Center: https://basc.pnnl.gov