R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
D E
2015 Energy Code (as Opportunity)
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
W
O O
S D
Choosing a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost
O O
-
Discipline
-
Learning
R E B U H
R E
N E
E N I G
D E
S D
W
Choosing a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost
O O
When someone makes your skin crawl they are either full of it or you are about to learn something
-
Write them off (easy path)
-
Listen closely (much harder)
R E B U H
R E
E N I G
You have a choice:
N E
D E
S D
W
Building science was like that for me‌
O O
D E
S D
W
I decided to listen more closely‌
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
You have a choice of paths
O O
-
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
W
Code compliance (pretty easy path, all three of them‌)
R E -
D E
S D
High performance as a business opportunity (maybe harder initially but...)
Illinois State and County Code Map
O O
R E B U H
Yellow: CZ4
-
Green: CZ5
R E
E N I G
N E
D E
-
S D
W
Code Resource Center
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
R E
D E
W
O O
S D
Understanding Energy Codes: Compliance Paths
O O
Mandatory Requirements must be met in every building design regardless of compliance path.
E N I G
Prescriptive (components)
Performance (systems)
Follow a menu of requirements.
Flexible; allows tradeoffs.
R E B U H
R E
N E
D E
S D
W
Energy Rating Index (new for 2015) Simpler; still flexible. Incl. ERI method or RESNET, Energy Star 3.1, Passivehaus,
R E
E N I G
D E
Mandatory: Key Elements
R E B U H
N E
W
O O
S D
Mandatory: Key Elements AIR SEALING REQUIREMENTS (Mandatory) N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory). The building thermal envelope shall be constructed to limit air leakage in accordance with the requirements of Sections N1102.4.1 through N1102.4.5.
• • •
All joints, seams and penetrations. Site‐built windows, doors and skylights. Openings between window and door assemblies and their respective jambs and framing. Utility penetrations. Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope.
R E B U H • •
E N I G
R E
N E
• • • •
D E
S D
W
O O
Knee walls. Walls and ceilings separating a garage from conditioned spaces. Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls. Common walls between dwelling units.
AIR SEALING REQUIREMENTS (Mandatory)
D E
N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory)
R E
O O
W
Testing required: No more than 3 ACH50
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
S D
Mass does not require a third‐party inspector, but does specify who can do it: • HERS Rater • HERS Rating Field Inspector • BPI Certified Professional • BBRS approved third party
Mandatory: Key Elements
O O
N1103.3.2 (R403.3.2) Sealing (Mandatory) Ducts, air handlers and filter boxes shall be sealed.
DUCTS
R E
D E
W
Exception: Ducts located completely inside the building thermal envelope.
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
S D
N1103.3.5 (R403.3.5) Building Cavities (Mandatory). Framing cavities shall not be used as ducts or plenums.
Mandatory: Key Elements
O O
Window Air Leakage (AL)
R E B U H
W
0.3 cfm/sf (cubic feet per minute per square foot of window area)
R E
E N I G
N E
D E
S D
Mandatory: Key Elements HVAC: ACCA Manual J
D E
W
O O
S D
HVAC load calculation standard vs…
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
Mandatory: Key Elements
W
N1103.3.3 (R403.3.3) Duct Testing (Mandatory)
DUCT LEAKAGE
R E
R E B U H
O O
N E
E N I G
D E
S D
1. Rough‐in test: Total leakage less than or equal to 4 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area. 2. Post‐construction test: Total leakage less than or equal to 4 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area.
Mandatory: Key Elements MECHANICAL VENTILATION
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Mandatory: Key Elements MECHANICAL VENTILATION
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Understanding Energy Codes INSULATION REQUIREMENTS: Above Grade
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Understanding Energy Codes INSULATION REQUIREMENTS: Above Grade
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Understanding Energy Codes INSULATION REQUIREMENTS: Above Grade
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Energy Code 2015: Vapor retarders
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Energy Code 2015: Vapor retarders
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Energy Code 2015: Vapor retarders
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Energy Code 2015: Vapor retarders
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
O O
Understanding Energy Codes
Key Take-Aways
R E
D E
S D
W
•
The evolving energy code is becoming more challenging
•
Code now reflects more complex building science
•
Prescriptive path (component based): Must follow the entire code to avoid risk
•
Performance or ERI (both system based). Affords more flexibility and more opportunity.
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
Up Next: My buddy Steve – Defining High Performance
O O
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
S D
W
4/9/2018
WELCOME HOMEBUILDING CROSSROADS SPRING 2018 HIGH PERFORMANCE DEFINED
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
Where Are YOU? Does it REALLY matter?
U H
High Performance Labels “While Labels present a relative comparison of position – for me, HP is the balance of budget / performance and the Opportunity to set oneself apart from the rest”
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
1
4/9/2018
CASE for
HIGH PERFORMANCE Indoor Air Quality
Energy Efficiency Resource Efficiency
Durability
Water Efficiency
Value / Quality
Health
Comfort
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
2
4/9/2018
Final Choices Modest Advances Low Hanging Fruit
O O W
As the level of Advancement and Opportunity in Performance increases – inversely proportional – the Cost increases The Goal isn’t to deliver the most exceptional performance everytime – but rather be prepared to answer the question
D E
WHAT’s the NEXT STEP?
R E
U H
R BE
E N I G N
E
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
CURRENT CHALLENGES
- Code - Materials - Assemblies - Workmanship - CLIENT DESIRE - Performance - CLIENT SATISFACTION
Past Thinking…………..………… Current Thinking HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
3
4/9/2018
The Education
Imperative
One of the PROBLEMS with our industry is that we tend to believe and receive our education “Old School”……. NEW
OLD
while our actual necessity to keep up requires “New School”…..
D E
R E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
U H
And of course, there is always the CHALLENGE of Theory vs Practice
Historically for Some – Change Heightens Risk
Sometimes our history CHALLENGES our desire to make change HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
4
4/9/2018
FOUR Components of High Performance
25% / 15% 25% / 55%
25% / 15% 25% / 15%
Considered EQUAL at Conception, As IMPROVEMENT to any Component increases, the Contribution of the Other Components – REGRESSES……..High Performance Decision making requires PROPORTIONATE Advancement
D E
R E
U H
R BE
E
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
The Four Barriers of Control in Order of Priority // Control provides increased Durability, Comfort, Health, and Energy Efficiency
High Performance = Control
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
5
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
INNOVATION is a PROCESS not a PRODUCT
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
6
4/9/2018
Pre Construction Meeting
D E
R E
R BE
E
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
“INTEGRATION” not “Application” Many of the SERVICES required need to be PLANNED FOR (especially SOG Foundations)
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
7
4/9/2018
Details were Drawn as Twins – Airsealing / Framing and Finish Details
Finish Detail
D E
Air Sealing Detail
R E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
Details were Drawn as Twins – Airsealing / Framing and Finish Details
U H
Finish Detail Air Sealing Detail HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
8
4/9/2018
DOWN DOWN
OUT
OUT
Ensure the rule Is applied to All Details
D E
R E
R BE
O O W
WM Rule #1 – Down and OUT
E N I G N
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
9
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
U H
RED LINE TEST
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
10
4/9/2018
Highest Exfiltration Pressure
Airtightness Neutral Pressure Plane
Highest Infiltration Pressure
Air Tightness Pressures VARY Along the Building Envelope
D E
R E
U H
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
ENERGY STAR THERMAL BYPASS CHECKLIST
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
11
4/9/2018
D E
R E
R BE
E N I G N
E
U H
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
DisCONTINUITY = FAILURE
Good Selection Of Material BUT POOR EXECUTION HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
12
4/9/2018
Common Materials Planned Execution
CONTINUITY
D E
Is the KEY
R E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
13
4/9/2018
My SECRET Is OUT!!
D E
R E
U H
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
4 Formal Blower Door Tests and 1 Fog Test
1. 32 cfm at 50Pa (.16 Ach50Pa) 2. 25 cfm at 50Pa (.12 Ach50Pa) 3. 104 cfm at 50Pa (.51 Ach50Pa) 4. 116 cfm at 50Pa (.56 Ach50Pa) FINAL 110 cfm at 50Pa (.54 Ach50Pa) HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
14
4/9/2018
.56
.45 .37 PASSIVE HOUSE BLOWER DOOR FINAL TEST (AVG ‐POS/NEG) ach50 Pa
.16
.32
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
VAPOR – It challenges everything……Durability, Health, Comfort,
Energy Efficiency……Success balances in a degree or two…
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
15
4/9/2018
MECHANICAL VENTILATION - CONTROL
Supply Return
Exhaust
Supply
Point Source
R BE
D E
Distributed
E N I G N
R E
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
16
4/9/2018
40 (38)
Thermal Control
(49) 3 (.32)
Proportional and Continuous
21/6 (13/5)
D E
15 (15) 10 (10)
R E
R BE
E N I G N
E
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
WHOLE WALL R‐VALUE “Proportionate AND Continuous – the MATH”
WALL SPECIFICATIONS
U H
O O W
S D
WHOLE WALL
ADD R‐6.5 CONTINUOUS
2x4 16”oc (22%) // R‐3 window (15%) // R‐15 Cavity (63%)
R‐7.0
R‐11.3 (61%)
2x6 16”oc (22%) // R‐3 window (15%) // R‐19 Cavity (63%)
R‐8.7
R‐12.6 (44%)
2x6 24”oc (14%) // R‐3 window (15%) // R‐21 Cavity (71%)
R‐9.6
R‐13.5 (41%)
WALL SPECIFICATIONS (INCREASE TO R‐5 WINDOW)
WHOLE WALL
2x6 16”oc (20%) // R‐5 win (15%) // R‐21 + 6.5 CONT (65%)
R‐14.6
2x6 16”oc (20%) // R‐5 win (15%) // R‐21 + 13 CONT (65%)
R‐16.9
2x8 24”oc (15%) // R‐5 win (15%) // R‐28 + 13 CONT (70%)
R‐18.6
INCREASE TO R‐7.5 WINDOW R‐17.1 (17%) R‐20.3 (20%) R‐22.8 (23%)
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
17
4/9/2018
60 PROPORTIONATE and CONTINUOUS
5 40
20
D E
10
R E
R BE
E
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
ZIP R‐WALL
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
18
4/9/2018
3” ROCKWOOL
2” POLYISO
R E
D E
U H
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
E
It’s not that High Performance Houses cost too much; it’s that our idea of a fairly priced new home is based on a history of building houses to meet embarrassingly Low Performance benchmarks.” “Baczek”
THANK YOU HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2017
19
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
D E
W
O O
Homebuilding Crossroads: 2015 Energy Code and High Performance Building Science Foundation – Keeping Our Homes Safe and Sound
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
S D
O O
Full disclosure…
W
R E
D E
O O
W
• Study of how heat, air, and moisture move in, around, and through buildings • How stuff gets wet and dries (or not…) • Moisture and heat flows are linked; this is not an option, it’s the LAW • High performance builders: manage heat & moisture with equal intensity
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
S D
Proof Positive
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
How many ways can a building get wet?
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E B U H
D E
W
• leak, inside or out
• Bulk water
R E
N E
E N I G
Solution?
S D
O O
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
Weather�lapped Flashing
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
W
O O
Photo: Berger Building Products
R E
D E
S D
How many ways can a building get wet?
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E B U H
D E
W
• capillarity of porous materials
• Wicking
R E
N E
E N I G
Solution?
S D
O O
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
Cap Break
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
How many ways can a building get wet?
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E B U H
D E
• Air leak
• Convection
R E
N E
E N I G
Solution?
S D
O O
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
W
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
S D
O O
Air Seal
W
How many ways can a building get wet?
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
Summer basement conditions, bare dirt floor: Air Temperature = 66 F Relative Humidity = 91% Dewpoint temperature = 63.5
D E
W
O O
S D
• Diffusion
R E B U H
W
• interior‐exterior gradients, created by space conditioning & climate
R E
E N I G
N E
D E
Solution?
S D
O O
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
Decouple soil moisture from space
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
S D
O O
How many ways can a building assembly get wet?
W • leak, inside or out • Bulk water D E • capillarity of porous • Wicking R materials E • Air‐transported moisture E • air leak • Diffusion N • interior‐exterior I G gradients, created by N E space conditioning & R climate E B U H
Prioritizing moisture movement • #1 – bulk water • #2 – capillary water • #3 – air-transported moisture • #4 – diffusive moisture movement
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
R E
D E
W
O O
S D
How many ways can a building assembly dry? • Free drainage • Convection • Diffusion
R E B U H
W
O O
• Space • Air Pathway and driving force • Evaporation
R E
E N I G
N E
D E
S D
S D
Once wet, how does the inside of a wall like this dry?
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
D E
S D
W
O O
Drying Potential of Building Assemblies or
R E
E Why We Care About the Vapor Permeability of Building N I G Materials N E R E B U H
How many layers in this wall? • Block • Lathing • Plaster
R E B U H
R E
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
How many layers in today’s “typical” wall?
D E
W
• Exterior finish
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
O O
S D
D E
W
• Exterior finish • Cladding
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
S D
O O
Two…
R E B U H
N E
W
• Exterior finish • Cladding • WRB
R E
E N I G
D E
S D
O O
Three…
W • Exterior finish D E •R Cladding E
R E B U H
S D
O O
Four and five…
N E
E N I G
• WRB • Sheathing • Framing
Six, seven and eight… • Exterior finish • Cladding • WRB • Sheathing • Framing • Insulation • Vapor retarder • Gypsum board
R E
R E B U H
E N I G
N E
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
E N I G
N E
D E
• Exterior finish • Cladding • WRB • Sheathing • Framing • Insulation • Vapor retarder • Gypsum board • Primer • Interior finish
S D
O O
Nine and ten.
W
Vapor Profile
O O
1. Determine vapor permeability of each component of assembly 2. Identify least vapor permeable component(s) 3. Assess direction and extent of vapor drive: interior/exterior temperature difference, interior/exterior relative humidities (remember always high to low) 4. Identify/assess drying direction & potential
R E
R E B U H
E N I G
D E
N E
Moisture profile rather than vapor profile?
S D
W
Energy Code 2015: Vapor retarders
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Energy Code 2015: Vapor retarders
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Energy Code 2015: Vapor retarders
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Energy Code 2015: Vapor retarders
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Material
Dry Cup
Wet Cup
Comments
Plywood
.75
3.5
Semi-permeable
OSB
.75
2
Semi-
Fiberboard (AI)
14.5
15
Thermo Ply
0.5
0.6
XPS
1
EPS
5
6-mil poly
.06
Kraft paper MemBrain™
R E B U H TyvekÂŽ
Latex paint (primer + 1 coat)
R E
D E
Permeable
W
impermeable
1
E N I G 10+
Variable, by design
14
?
permeable
3.6
6
Semi-
N E 1
1
5
Semi (but with skin, im-)
Semi-
.06
Impermeable
5 - 10
Semi- (variable)
Data from BSC Building Materials Property Table
S D
O O
Representative Vapor Permeability Info
Vapor Profile: Example 1 1. Latex paint - 17 perms 2. Wall board - 40 3. Cellulose - 75 4. XPS 1 5. Air space - “300” 6. Wood siding - “35” 7. Oil-based paint - 0.6 Least permeable (other than 7): 4. XPS
R E B U H
6
R E
5
E N I G
N E
D E 7
4
S D
W
O O
3 2 1
Vapor Profile: Example 2 1. Vinyl wallpaper - <0.1 perms 2. Wall board - 40 3. Cellulose - 75 4. Foil-faced polyiso - <0.1 5. Vinyl siding - â&#x20AC;&#x153;60â&#x20AC;? Least permeable (in fact, impermeable): 1 & 4
R E B U H
5
E N I G
R E
D E
S D
O O
W
3 2 1
4
N E
45
S D
Connecting High Performance, the new Code, and Building Science
D E
W
O O
• Keeping homes safe and sound means protecting the structure (durability) and occupants (IAQ) while you improve energy efficiency • To do that, you need to manage energy and moisture with equal intensity—it’s the Law • You achieve this with continuous control layers for water, air, and heat flows • And your backup plan is to design in drying potential “just in case” stuff gets wet
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
Hygrothermal Balance WETTING: ‐ Bulk water ‐ Capillary water ‐ Air‐transported ‐ Diffusion
DRYING:
R E B U H
R E
N E
E N I G YOUR BUILDING
D E
‐ Free drainage ‐ Cap break ‐ Convection ‐ Diffusion
W
O O
S D
W
O O
S D
D Hygrothermal Balancing: 2015 Model Energy E Code:ER E N I Connecting vapor retarder requirements to G N exterior insulation and/or venting of claddings E R E B U H
S D Hygrothermal Balancing: 2015 Model Energy Code O O W D E R E E N I G N E R E B U H N1102.1.1 (R402.1.1) Vapor Retarder.
Wall assemblies in the building thermal envelope shall comply with the vapor retarder requirements of Section R702.7.
O O
S D
Hygrothermal Balancing: 2015 Model Energy Code R702.7 Vapor Retarders. Base‐case for Prescriptive code: Class I or II Can use Class III, but must meet specific criteria
R E B U H
R E
E N I G
N E
D E
Class I: Sheet polyethylene, unperforated aluminum foil. Class II: Kraft‐faced fiberglass batts. Class III: Latex paint.
W
O O
S D
Hygrothermal Balancing: 2015 Model Energy Code
D E
TABLE R702.7.1 CLASS III VAPOR RETARDERS
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
W
S D
How do vapor retarders, vented claddings, and exterior rigid insulation fit together?
D E
W
O O
• Classes of vapor retarder try to balance wintertime wetting with drying potential to the interior (the rest of the year…). • Vented claddings (or ventilated?) increase drying potential to the exterior (not to mention free drainage of bulk water). • Warming building assemblies reduces the potential for wintertime interstitial condensation. • The code is including more and more building science‐based elements over time, recognizing that both heat and moisture flows must be managed.
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
Summary Continuous: -
R E
E N I G
R E B U H
N E
-
O O
W
Bulk water management
-
D E
S D
Air leakage management (convective heat flow) Thermal management (conductive heat flow) Vapor profile (dedicated directional drying potential)
4/9/2018
WELCOME
HOMEBUILDING CROSSROADS SPRING 2018 High Performance in PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
1
4/9/2018
Airtightness 1.1 Ach 50 Pa R‐29 R‐50
R‐19
R‐10
D E
R‐10
R‐29
R E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
2
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
3
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
4
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
5
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
6
4/9/2018
D E
R E
U H
R BE
E
E N I G N Pressure
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
Wetting
Clean
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
7
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
8
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
9
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
10
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
11
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
12
4/9/2018
D E
R E
R BE
E N I G N
E
2x8 24”oc WOOD FRAME
U H
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
“SLIDER”
RAISED HEEL HDR POCKET HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
13
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
14
4/9/2018
AIR LEAKAGE .45 ach 50 Pa R-91.7 R-49.2 U .13 / R-7.6 R-48.3
R E
D E
U H
R BE
E N I G N
E
R = 91.7
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
Wall Construction
Air Barrier Walls – Zip Wall & Tremco Acoustic Sealant Ceilings ‐ Double Drywall, Slab ‐ Poly Sheet & Concrete
R = 52.2
Insulation Walls – 4” Closed Cell, 10”Dense Pack Cellulose Ceilings – 24” Cellulose Slab – 1.5” EPS, 10” EPS Window .12 / R=7.6 Air Leakage .45 Ach 50 Pa
R = 48.3
From Fine Homebuilding Magazine
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
15
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
16
4/9/2018
• 33 US Made Suniva 265 W Panels = 8,745 watts
D E
• Oriented True South – on 32 Degree (7.5 Pitch)
R E
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
New Chevy Bolt – Now Net Zero For Housing And Transportation
R BE
U H
Should Be Able To Travel 14,000 Miles/Yr With PV At 3.5 Miles/KWH HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
17
4/9/2018
D E
R E
U H
R BE
E N I G N
E
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
R-27 ccsf R-31.9 blown Rockwool R-58.9 total
R-13 cont insul shtng R-32 Rockwool R-45 total
R-26
O O W
S D
R-7.7 /8.3 WINDOWS
AIR LEAKAGE 1.1 ach 50 Pa R-10
BSC RULE 10 / 20 / 40 / 60 / 5 HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
18
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
19
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
20
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
21
4/9/2018
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
CONTEMPORARY 1840 sq ft Two Story Slab on Grade 3 Bedroom / 2 Bath
R E
D E
R BE
E
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
1840 SQ FT GROSS TOTAL
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
22
4/9/2018
R‐92 Attic
Air Leakage .16 ach50 Pa
R‐60 AGW R‐7.6 Windows
D E
R‐26 Slab
R E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
23
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
24
4/9/2018
Water Management Air Barrier Thermal Vapor
R E
D E
U H
R BE
E
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
Water Management Air Barrier Thermal Vapor
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
25
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
Water Management Air Barrier Thermal
U H
Vapor
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
26
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
27
4/9/2018
Water Management Air Barrier Thermal Vapor
ROOF / EAVE / HEAD
D E
ASSEMBLY
R E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
28
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
29
4/9/2018
R E
D E
R BE
E N I G N
O O W
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
30
4/9/2018
THANK YOU STEVEN BACZEK Architect @stevenbaczekarchitect
O O W
www.stevenbaczekarchitect.com
D E
781-354-5839
R E
R BE
E N I G N
S D
HomeBuilding Crossroads SPRING 2018
E
U H
31
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
D E
W
Homebuilding Crossroads: 2015 Energy Code and High Performance
E N I Building Science Puzzles G N E R E B U H
O O
S D
Premises
O O
Things get wet, heat dries them out.
R E
D E
W
Energy efficiency measures reduce heat loss.
E N I G
Energy & moisture must be managed with equal intensity. Follow the water.
R E B U H
N E
S D
Mold/Rot Basics
W
O O
• Temperature/Food/Water • Molds (spores) are everywhere, all the time… • They like the same temperatures we do… • They like many of the materials out of which we like to build… • Mold generally shows up at 19% MC or higher • Rot requires 25‐ 28% MC • The easiest/most effective approach to control mold/rot is, almost always, managing moisture.
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
S D
O O
What about interior sources of moisture?
W
Source Showering Clothes drying Cooking (dinner) 5 house plants 1 cord “green” wood 4 people Building materials Ground moisture
R E B U H
R E
E N I G
N E
W
Quantity (pints) ??? 4 - 6/load 1.2 (+1.5 gas) 1/day 600 - 800/season .5/hour ??? 0 - 100/day
Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)
D E
S D
O O
Sources ‐ Household Moisture
Source Showering Clothes drying Cooking (dinner) 5 house plants 1 cord “green” wood 4 people Building materials Ground moisture
R E B U H
R E
E N I G
N E
W
Quantity (pints) .5 (5 - min shower) 4 - 6/load 1.2 (+1.5 gas) 1/day 600 - 800/season .5/hour 6 - 17/day 0 - 100/day
Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)
D E
S D
O O
Sources ‐ Household Moisture
Puzzle 1 (Zone 6) – Mold in kitchen • Mold insurance claim • Mold mitigated once • Building scientists called in • Structure at bottom of steep hill with lake on opposite side • Insurance inspector “baffled” by mold returning…
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
R E
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
E N I G
D E
S D
O O
View as you drive up…
W
N E
9
Pieces – addition with full basement
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Crawlspace inspection…
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
“Incorrectly‐installed” floor insulation…
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Key Takeaways/Lessons Learned • Ignore the client; do the “edges” first… • Existing info • “Walk” the exterior (bulk water) • Foundation (bulk & capillary) • Follow the water…
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
D E
W
• “Confused” areas of buildings are a REAL problem
R E
• Make sure that attics & crawlspaces are either completely in or completely outside your control layers: water, air, & thermal
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
S D
O O
Puzzle 1 ‐ New Construction Takeaway
O O
S D
Puzzle 2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • Pre‐primed trim & clapboard • Appears to bleed through the latex topcoat
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
R E
D E
W
S D
Puzzle 2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • South side but not north side • Clapboard with rainscreen • Same acrylic latex topcoat • Different source of clapboard
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
R E
D E
W
O O
S D
Puzzle 2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard • Species of wood does not seem to matter • Moisture content of wood is not above 15% and often quite a bit drier
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
R E
D E
W
O O
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
S D
O • If you cover an oil‐based primer with a “modern” latex paint… O • The oil in the primer becomes a food source… W D • The latex paint is vapor permeable and allows moisture to make E it through to the oil… R E • Modern latex topcoats don’t have the chemical content to inhibit mold like they used to… NE I • Solution: Don’t use oil‐based pre‐primed wood with latex top G coats N E • Solution: Or if you do, look for a latex top coat with mildicide R E B U H Forest Products Lab Experts:
Puzzle 2 ‐ New Construction Takeaway
D E
S D
W
O O
• Compatibility of components or adjacent, layered building materials is key.
R E
E N I G
• Go with building product manufacturers that are taking the lead on material compatibility/creating systems rather than lone materials (like ZIP system….)
R E B U H
N E
Puzzle 3: liquid water leaks…
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Puzzle 3: recurring water leaks • Brick veneer • Indianapolis, IN • Tyvek‐OSB‐FG‐PE‐GWB • $200,000 reclad • Moisture problems persist
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
R E
D E
W
O O
S D
Given these 2 faces, can you guess where the moisture expressed?
R E
R E B U H Bay bump‐out
E N I G
N E
Fireplace chimney
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
O O
S D
W
What happens to water getting past the brick veneer above the bumpout brick ledge?
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
S D
O O
Problem? Solutions?
W
• Chimney is a “confused” space, not completely in or out of the house • Water getting behind veneer running down to bump‐out shed roof and going … where? • Solution(s)? Follow the water • WRB continuous around chimney chase • Thru‐flashing to carry moisture load from brick veneer above • What about painting the brick to reduce/eliminate bulk water wetting?
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
Puzzle 3 ‐ New Construction Takeaway
D E
O O
S D
W
• The “pen test” would have avoided this construction defect.
R E
E N I G
• Make sure that all 3 of your control layers work; are continuous.
R E B U H
N E
• Hudson Valley NY • About 10 years old • Full walk‐out basement • Vented attic
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
R E
D E
S D
O O
Puzzle 4: mold in closets in “certain” locations
W
Bulk water management
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
S D
O O
Interior sources of moisture
W
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
S D
O O
Interior sources of moisture
W
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
D E
W
• Outdoors: 59F (dry bulb); RH 64%; dewpoint: 46F. • Basement: 56F (dry bulb); RH: 60%; dewpoint: 42F • Kitchen: 65.5 F (dry bulb); RH: 56%; dewpoint: 47F • Upstairs (MBR): 68F (dry bulb); RH: 46%; dewpoint: 47
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
S D
O O
Assessment conducted 4‐21‐15
S D
O O
One more crucial clue:
W
mold on back walls of closet gypsum board only in closets along central partition…
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
Puzzle #4: last clue – proportions?
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Attic looking down…
R E
R E B U H Basement looking up…
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
D E
S D
O O
Solutions?
W
• Air seal marriage wall in basement/attic • Improve bulk water management • Connect downspouts properly to drainage • Waterproof exposed above‐grade foundation • Improve interior moisture management • Vent kitchen range hood to outdoors • Replace existing bath exhausts with Energy Star h‐controlled or timer units • Store less cordwood in basement
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
Puzzle 4 ‐ New Construction Takeaway
S D
W
O O
Performance testing (in this case, blower door test) is really key to getting the details right on each home.
R E
E N I G
D E
A high performance homeowner’s manual can help with occupant management of moisture loads they create and can be a great marketing tool distinguishing your company’s attention to detail.
R E B U H
N E
Puzzle 5: “Fanciful Fuel”
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Fireplace/woodstove insert above…
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
CMU fireplace base below…
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
S D
O O
Basement slab has moisture barrier
W
CMU fireplace base supporting…
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Order of operations?
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
D E
W
• CMU chimney base put in before basement slab so likely no moisture barrier under fireplace CMU column • Staining pre‐dates insert wood stove • But what about the blue‐green efflorescence?
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
S D
O O
Problem? Solution?
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D
Puzzle 5 ‐ New Construction Takeaway
D E
O O
W
• Working out job site sequencing is key to successful continuity of control layers
R E
E N I G
• Maybe the pen test is not just footing to ridge but goes across the basement slab as well!
R E B U H
N E
S D
Puzzle fatigue…
R E
R E B U H
N E
E N I G
D E
W
O O
S D