Home Building Crossroads Pittsburgh & Philadelphia

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Energy Code E2015 NG INE (as Opportunity) ER ED WO PRESENTED BY

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HChoosing UB a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost ER EN GI NE ER ED

• Discipline • Learning

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HChoosing UB a Path: Chaplain Israel Yost ER EN GI NE ER ED When someone makes your skin crawl they are either full of it or you are about to learn something You have a choice: • Write them off (easy path) • Listen closely (much harder)

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HBuilding UB science was like that for me… ER EN GI I decided to listen more closely… NE ER ED WO OD S Building Science Corp.

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HYouUhave a choice of paths BE R EN GI NE

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• Code compliance (pretty easy path, all three of them…)

• High performance as a business opportunity (maybe harder initially but...)

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HIECC UBClimate Map ER EN G

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HPennsylvania UB State and County Level Map ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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HCode UBResource Center ER EN GI

Significant amendments: • 5 ACH50 airtightness all zones

• Blower door test 3rd party certified, as required by building code official

• Duct tightness testing:

• post-construction or rough-in;

• Total leakage: 4 cfm/100 sf

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HUnderstanding UB Energy Codes: Compliance Paths ER EN GI NE ER ED WO O Mandatory Requirements must be met in every building design regardless of compliance path.

Prescriptive (components) Follow a menu of requirements.

Performance (systems) Flexible; allows tradeoffs.

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Energy Rating Index (new for 2015) Simpler; still flexible. Incl. ERI method or RESNET, Energy Star 3.1, Passivehaus,

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EN Mandatory: GI Key Elements NE ER ED WO O PRESENTED BY

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HMandatory: UB Key Elements ER EN GI NE

AIR SEALING REQUIREMENTS (Mandatory) N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory).

The building thermal envelope shall be constructed to limit air leakage in accordance with the requirements of Sections N1102.4.1 through N1102.4.5. • • • • •

All joints, seams and penetrations. Site-built windows, doors and skylights. Openings between window and door assemblies and their respective jambs and framing. Utility penetrations. Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope.

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ER • • • •

Knee walls. Walls and ceilings separating a garage from conditioned spaces. Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls. Common walls between dwelling units.

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HUnderstanding UB Energy Codes ER EN GI NE E

AIR SEALING REQUIREMENTS (Mandatory) N1102.4 (R402.4) Air Leakage (Mandatory)

Testing required: No greater than 5 (not 3) ACH50

ACH50: air changes per hour @ 50 Pascals pressure difference inside/outside home

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HMandatory: UB Key Elements ER EN GI NE DUCTS

N1103.3.2 (R403.3.2) Sealing (Mandatory) Ducts, air handlers and filter boxes shall be sealed.

Exception: Ducts located completely inside the building thermal envelope.

N1103.3.5 (R403.3.5) Building Cavities (Mandatory). Framing cavities shall not be used as ducts or plenums. PRESENTED BY

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HMandatory: UB Key Elements ER EN GI NE

WINDOW AIR LEAKAGE (AL) R402.4.3 Fenestration Air Leakage

- 0.3 cfm/sf (cubic feet per minute per square foot of window area)

- 0.5 cfm/sf max for swinging doors

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HNFRC UBWindow Labels ER EN GI

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HMandatory: UB Key Elements ER EN GI NE HVAC: ACCA Manual J (R403.7)

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HVAC load calculation standard vs…

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HMandatory: UB Key Elements ER EN GI NE

DUCT LEAKAGE N1103.3.3 (R403.3.3) Duct Testing (Mandatory)

1. Rough-in test: Total leakage less than or equal to 4 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area.

2. Post-construction test: Total leakage less than or equal to 4 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area. Austin Green Team

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HMandatory: UB Key Elements ER EN GI NE MECHANICAL VENTILIATON

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HMandatory: UB Key Elements ER EN GI NE MECHANICAL VENTILIATON

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HUnderstanding UB Energy Codes // ER EN GI NE ER

INSULATION REQUIREMENTS: Above Grade

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HUnderstanding UB Energy Codes ER EN GI NE E

INSULATION REQUIREMENTS: R4020102R402.1.2 (by Climate Zone – CZ) CZ

Window UFactor

Window SHGCb, e

Ceiling R-value

Wood Wall Rvalue

Floor Rvalue

Bsmnt Rvalue

Slab RValue & Depth

Crawl wall Rvalue

0.35

0.4

20 or 13+5h

10/13

10, 2 ft

10/13

0.32

20 or 13+5h

10, 2 ft

10/13

0.32

23, 20+5, 18+6.5, or 13+10

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RE 30f

30f

10/13

10, 4 ft

15/19

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HFootnotes UB Help ER EN G

d. (Basements) The first R-value applies to continuous insulation on the interior or exterior of the home, the second to framing cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall; either insulation meets the requirement.

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e. (Slabs) R-5 shall be added to the required slab edge R-values for heated slabs.

g. “13 + 5” means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 insulated sheathing. If structural sheathing covers 40% or less of the exterior, continuous insulation R-value shall be permitted to be reduced by no more than R-3 in the locations where structural sheathing is used – to maintain a consistent total sheathing thickness.

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H2015 UBModel Energy Code: Vapor Retarders ER EN GI NE ER ED

N1102.1.1 (R402.1.1) Vapor Retarder. Wall assemblies in the building thermal envelope shall comply with the vapor retarder requirements of Section R702.7.

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H2015 UBModel Energy Code: Vapor Retarders ER EN GI NE ER ED R702.7 Vapor Retarders

Base-case for Prescriptive code: Class I or II

Class I: Sheet polyethylene, unperforated aluminum foil.

Can use Class III, but must meet specific criteria

Class II: Kraft-faced fiberglass batts.

Class III: Latex paint.

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H2015 UBModel Energy Code: Insulation, venting, VRs? ER EN GI NE ER ED WO OD S TABLE R702.7.1 CLASS III VAPOR RETARDERS

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HUpUNext: My buddy, Steve – Defining High Performance BE R EN GI NE ER ED WO OD S PRESENTED BY

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HU BE

EN GI CROSSROADS HOMEBUILDING NE SPRING E2019 RE HIGH PERFORMANCE D W DEFINED OO WELCOME

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HWhere UBare YOU? Does it REALLY matter? ER EN GI NE HP ER ED Opportunity WO OD S High Performance Labels “While Labels present a relative

comparison of position – for me,

the balance of budget / performance and

the

to set oneself

apart from the rest”

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HCase UBfor HIGH PERFORMANCE ER EN GI NE ER • Energy Efficiency

• Indoor Air Quality

• Resource Efficiency

• Durability

• Water Efficiency

• Value / Quality

• Health

• Comfort

“WE SELL VALUE = SUCCESS” PRESENTED BY

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Final Choices

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Modest Advances

Low Hanging Fruit

As the level of Advancement and Opportunity in Performance increases – inversely proportional – the Cost increases

The Goal isn’t to deliver the most exceptional performance every time – but rather be prepared to answer the question

WHAT’s the NEXT STEP? PRESENTED BY

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HU INNOVATION is a PROCESS and DISCIPLINE BE R EN GI NE ER ED WO NOT a PRODUCT O PRESENTED BY

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HCURRENT UB CHALLENGES to What We Do ER EN GI NE ER ED Code

Materials Assemblies

Workmanship CLIENT DESIRE

Performance CLIENT SATISFACTION

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Past Thinking………………………………………… Current Thinking PRESENTED BY

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HTheUEDUCATION IMPERATIVE BE R EN GI NE OLD ER

One of the PROBLEMS with our industry is that we tend to believe and receive our education “Old School”…….

NEW

while our actual necessity to keep up requires “New School”…..

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Historically for Some – Change Heightens Risk

Sometimes our history CHALLENGES our desire to make change PRESENTED BY

And of course, there is always the CHALLENGE of Theory vs Practice

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HFOUR UBComponents of High Performance ER EN GI NE ER ED

Considered EQUAL at Conception, as IMPROVEMENT to any Component increases, the Contribution of the Other Components – REGRESSES

25% / 15%

25% / 55%

25% / 15%

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High Performance Decision making requires PROPORTIONATE Advancement

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HFour UBBarriers of Control in Order of Priority ER EN GI NE ER ED W CONTROL OO DS Control provides increased: • Durability, • Comfort, • Health, and • Energy Efficiency

High Performance =

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“Pretty Lines” – but do you understand what they mean?

Water Management Air Barrier Thermal Vapor

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Can you PROFILE a detail? Can the detail be successfully profiled??

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HPreUConstruction Meeting BE R EN GI NE From

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H“INTEGRATION”… UB not Application ER EN GI NE ER

Many of the SERVICES required need to be PLANNED FOR (especially SOG Foundations)

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HDetails UB Drawn as Twins: Air Sealing / Framing and Finish ER EN GI NE ER ED WO OD S Air Sealing/Framing Detail

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Finish Detail

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HINTEGRATING UB Design and Performance ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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WATER IN

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HWater UBManagement Rule #1 – DOWN AND OUT ER EN GI NE ER ED W ALL O DOWN

DOWN

OUT

Ensure the rule is applied to PRESENTED BY

Details

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HManage UB Penetrations ER EN GI

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INAIR EE R

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HTheURED LINE test… BE R EN GI

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HAirtightness… UB ER EN G

Highest Exfiltration Pressure

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Neutral Pressure Plane

Highest Infiltration Pressure PRESENTED BY

Airtightness Pressures VARY Along the Building Envelope

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ENERGY STAR THERMAL BYPASS CHECKLIST

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HdisCONTINUITY UB = Failure ER EN GI NE

W Good selection of material but POOR EXECUTION OO DS PRESENTED BY

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HCONTINUITY UB is the key! ER EN GI

W Common Materials. Planned Execution. O PRESENTED BY

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HContinuity UB Testing ER EN G

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4 Formal Blower Door Tests and 1 Fog Test

1. 32 cfm at 50Pa (.16 Ach50Pa) 2. 25 cfm at 50Pa (.12 Ach50Pa)

3. 104 cfm at 50Pa (.51 Ach50Pa) 4. 116 cfm at 50Pa (.56 Ach50Pa)

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FINAL 110 cfm at 50Pa (.54 Ach50Pa)

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HU B .56 E

.45

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.37

PASSIVE HOUSE BLOWER DOOR FINAL TEST (AVG -POS/NEG) ach50 Pa

.16

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E .32 R

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IN VAPOR EE

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VAPOR – It challenges everything…

Durability, Health, Comfort, Energy Efficiency  Success balances in a degree or two!

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HMechanical UB Ventilation: Control ER EN GI NE ER Point Source

Return

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Distributed

Supply

Exhaust

Supply

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IN THERMAL EE

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HThermal UB Control… ER EN G Thermal Control Proportional and Continuous

40 (38) (49)

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3 (.32)

15 (15)

21/6 (13/5)

10 (10)

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HThermal UB Control… ER EN G Thermal Control Proportional and Continuous

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ER 20

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HWhole UBWall R-Value ER EN G

“Proportionate AND Continuous – the MATH” WHOLE WALL

ADD R-6.5 CONTINUOUS

R-7.0

R-11.3 (61%)

2x6 16”oc (22%) // R-3 window (15%) // R-19 Cavity (63%)

R-8.7

R-12.6 (44%)

2x6 24”oc (14%) // R-3 window (15%) // R-21 Cavity (71%)

R-9.6

R-13.5 (41%)

WHOLE WALL

INCREASE TO R-7.5 WINDOW

R-14.6

R-17.1 (17%)

WALL SPECIFICATIONS

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2x4 16”oc (22%) // R-3 window (15%) // R-15 Cavity (63%)

WALL SPECIFICATIONS (INCREASE TO R-5 WINDOW)

2x6 16”oc (20%) // R-5 win (15%) // R-21 + 6.5 CONT (65%)

2x6 16”oc (20%) // R-5 win (15%) // R-21 + 13 CONT (65%)

R-16.9

2x8 24”oc (15%) // R-5 win (15%) // R-28 + 13 CONT (70%)

R-18.6

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R-20.3 (20%) R-22.8 (23%)

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RZIP SYSTEM R-SHEATHING EN GI NE ER ED WO PRESENTED BY

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HEveryone’s UB Dream Utility Bill = $0.00 ER EN GI NE ER E This home will NEVER D pay for energy PRESENTED BY

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HU BE It’s not that High Performance Houses R cost E too much; it’s that our idea of a fairly NGhome is based on a history of priced new building houses to meet embarrassingly I N Low Performance EEbenchmarks. RE D WO THANK YOU O “Baczek”

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Home E Building Crossroads: N

2015 Energy Code and High Performance

Building Science Foundation

Keeping Our Homes Safe and Sound

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HFullUDisclosure BE R EN G

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HWhat UBis Building Science, anyway? ER EN GI NE ER

• Study of how heat, air, and moisture move in, around, and through buildings • How stuff gets wet and dries (or not…) • Moisture and heat flows are linked; this is not an option, it’s the LAW • High performance builders: manage heat & moisture with equal intensity

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HProof UBPositive ER EN G

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I NE ways How many E can a buildingRget wet? ED WO PRESENTED BY

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HHow UBmany ways… ER EN G

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HHow UBmany ways… ER EN G

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HHow UBmany ways… ER EN G

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HHow UBmany ways can a building assembly get wet? ER EN GI NE ER ED Solution? W OO DS • Leak, inside or out

• Bulk water

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HWeather-lapped UB Flashing ER EN GI NE

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Photo: Berger Building Products

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HHow UBmany ways can a building get wet? ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

23.4

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HHow UBmany ways can a building assembly get wet? ER EN GI NE ER ED Solution? W OO DS • Capillarity of porous materials

• Wicking

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HCap UB Break ER

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13.9

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HHow UBmany ways can a building get wet? ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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HHow UBmany ways can a building get wet? ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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HHow UBmany ways can a building get wet? ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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HHow UBmany ways can a building assembly get wet? ER EN GI NE ER ED Solution? W OO DS • Air leak

• Convection

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HAirUSeal BE R

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HHow UBmany ways can a building get wet? ER EN GI NE ER ED Summer basement conditions, bare dirt floor: Air Temperature = 66 F Relative Humidity = 91%

Dewpoint temperature = 63.5 PRESENTED BY

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HHow UBmany ways can a building assembly get wet? ER EN GI NE ER ED Solution? W OO DS • Interior-exterior gradients, created by space conditioning & climate

• Diffusion

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HDecouple UB soil moisture from space ER EN GI NE ER

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HHow UBmany ways can a building assembly get wet? ER EN GI NE ER ED WO OD S • Bulk water • Wicking • Air-transported moisture • Diffusion

PRESENTED BY

• Leak, inside or out • Capillarity of porous materials • Air leak • Interior-exterior gradients, created by space conditioning and climate

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HPrioritizing UB Moisture Movement ER #1 – bulk water EN #2 – capillary waterGI NE #3 – air-transported moisture E R #4 – diffusive moisture movement

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HHow UBmany ways can a building assembly dry? ER EN • Free drainage • Space • Convection GI • AirforcePathway and driving NE • Evaporation • Diffusion ER ED WO OD S PRESENTED BY

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HOnce UBwet, how does the inside of a wall like this dry? ER EN GI NE ER 27.5 ED WO OD S PRESENTED BY

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Drying Potential of Building Assemblies

INEor ER

Why We Care About the Vapor Permeability of Building Materials PRESENTED BY

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HHow UBmany layers in this wall? ER EN •Block GI •Lathing NE •Plaster E

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HHow UBmany layers in today’s “typical” wall? ER EN GI NE ER ED WO • Exterior finish

• Exterior finish

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HTwo… UB E

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• Exterior finish • Cladding

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• Exterior finish • Cladding

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HThree… UB ER

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• Exterior finish • Cladding • WRB

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HFour UBand five… ER EN G

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• Exterior finish • Cladding • WRB • Sheathing • Framing

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HSix,Useven and eight… BE R EN GI

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• Exterior finish • Cladding • WRB • Sheathing • Framing • Insulation • Vapor retarder • Gypsum board

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HNine UBand ten! ER

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Exterior finish Cladding WRB Sheathing Framing Insulation Vapor retarder Gypsum board Primer Interior finish

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HVapor UBProfile ER 1. Determine vapor permeability of each component of assembly E NG 2. Categorize each component (Class I, II, III, vapor open) INE 3. Assess direction and extent of vapor drive: interior/exterior temperature difference, interior/exterior relative humidities ER (remember always high to low) ED 4. Identify/assess drying direction & potential W Moisture profile rather than vapor profile? OO DS PRESENTED BY

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HRepresentative UB Vaper Permeability Info ER EN GI NE ER ED Material

Dry Cup

Wet Cup

Comments

Plywood

.75

3.5

Semi-permeable

OSB

.75

Semi-

Fiberboard (AI)

14.5

Permeable

Thermo Ply

0.5

0.6

impermeable

XPS

Semi (but with skin, im-)

EPS

Semi-

6-mil poly

.06

Impermeable

Kraft paper

5 - 10

Semi- (variable)

MemBrain™

10+

Variable, by design

Tyvek®

permeable

Latex paint (primer + 1 coat)

3.6

Semi-

Data from BSC Building Materials Property Table PRESENTED BY

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HRepresentative UB Vaper Permeability Info ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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HRepresentative UB Vaper Permeability Info ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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HVapor UBProfile: EXAMPLE 1 ER EN GI NE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Latex paint - 17 perms Wall board - 40 Cellulose - 75 XPS - 1 Air space - “300” Wood siding - “35” Oil-based paint - 0.6

Least permeable (other than 7): 4. XPS PRESENTED BY

7 6 3 2

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HVapor UBProfile: EXAMPLE 2 ER EN GI NE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Vinyl wallpaper - <0.1 perms Wall board - 40 Cellulose - 75 Foil-faced polyiso - <0.1 Vinyl siding - “60”

Least permeable (in fact, impermeable): 1 and 4

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3 2 1

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HFitting UBit all together… E R How do you vapor retarders, vented claddings and exterior rigid E insulation fit together? NG INE ER ED WO O

• Classes of vapor retarder try to balance wintertime wetting with drying potential to the interior (the rest of the year…). • Vented claddings (or ventilated?) increase drying potential to the exterior (not to mention free drainage of bulk water). • Warming building assemblies reduces the potential for wintertime interstitial condensation. • The code is including more and more building science-based elements over time, recognizing that both heat and moisture flows must be managed.

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H“It’s UB not the heat, it’s the humidity…” ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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“…mechanical ventilation, operated at the ASHRAE 62.2-2010 addendum r rate, in a 3 ach50 house, raises the annual median indoor RH by almost 10% compared to a 7 ach50 house without mechanical ventilation in Orlando.”

U.S Department of Energy: Recommended Approaches to Humidity Control in High Performance Homes by Armin Rudd

PRESENTED BY

Image credit ‐ Allison Bailes

HDrivers UB of Latent Loads ER Mechanical Ventilation EN GI

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H“It’s UB not the heat, it’s the humidity…” ER EN GI NE ER ED Source: ASHRAE Journal, Lewis G. Harriman III, Dean Plager, Douglas Kosar; Dehumidification and Cooling Loads From Ventilation Air, 1997

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Source: ASHRAE Journal, Lewis G. Harriman III, Dean Plager, Douglas Kosar; Dehumidification and Cooling Loads From Ventilation Air, 1997

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HLatent UBLoads… E RIncrease as a Percentage Latent Loads of Total Loads atE Part-Load Conditions. NG INE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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HConclusion… UB HVACD ER EN GI

HVAC system was sized according to Manual J

Home was build tight

Bringing in outside air to meet ASHRAE or other standard

ACCA Manual LLH will look at:

•

We have reduced the sensible loads on the home but the latent loads have not changed and possibly increased. High efficiency HVAC equipment can not always be counted on to keep LLH in humid climates dry, healthy and comfortable. PRESENTED BY

• •

Resolving ventilation requirements (for occupant health and safety) while maintaining moisture control.

Addressing ancillary dehumidification equipment for humid locations (e.g., DOE Type A climate zones require ancillary dehumidification).

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HHypothermal UB Balance ER EN GI WETTING Bulk water Capillary water Air-transported Diffusion

YOUR BUILDING PRESENTED BY

DRYING Free Drainage Cap Break Convection Diffusion

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E HighNG Performance in INE PRACTICE ER ED WO O Homebuilding Crossroads: 2015 Energy Code and High Performance

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R‐29

EN G

Airtightness 1.1 Ach 50 Pa

R‐50

INE R‐19

R‐10 R‐10

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R‐29

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INITIAL PRESSURE

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UNDERSTANDING the means to a successful application

CLEAN

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WETTING

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10th

YEAR

DO NOT TRY THIS AT HOME, But I DID…….

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FULL EXPOSURE

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Roof Overhang

Drainage Plane

Developing a Path for SUCCESS PRESENTED BY

Rainscreen

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Identifying the DRAINAGE PLANE Continuity is KEY..... PRESENTED BY

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CLOSED JOINT

OPEN JOINT

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The many FACES of RAINSCREENS PRESENTED BY

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2 WAY SYSTEMS

DIAGONAL

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Higher Durability offers Less Expensive Options PRESENTED BY

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“SLIDER”

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RAISED HEEL

HDR POCKET 2x8 24”oc WOOD FRAME

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AIR LEAKAGE .45 ach 50 Pa

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R-91.7

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U .13 / R-7.6

R-48.3 PRESENTED BY

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• 33 US Made Suniva 265 W Panels = 8,745 watts • Oriented True South – on 32 Degree (7.5 Pitch) PRESENTED BY

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HPVUSystem Economics BE R EN GI Tax Credits

INITIAL COST @ $3.95 / Watt LESS 30% FED TAX CREDIT 2014 LESS MASS CEC REBATE NET COST AFTER TAX CREDITS

SREC’s

SRECS ‐ 31 Sold thru Oct 2017 @ Average $260 each NET COST AFTER SRECS

$ 34,605 $ ‐10,382 $ ‐2,000

• Placed in Service 10/6/2014 – Waited To Get Accurate House Demand

NE $ 22,224

• In Service Over 3 Years • Generated Over 35,100 KWH So Far

$ ‐ 8,047

$ 14,176

• Paid in Full in 5 years

• Annual Avoided Bills $1500

Avoided Electric Bills LESS AVOIDED ELEC BILLS TBL 10 NET COST AFTER SRECs & AVOIDED BILLS

$ ‐ 4,976

$ 9,200

• Annual SREC’s $3000 / 7 More Years of SREC’s

W +$22,770 OO DS

• Falmouth Rate = 20 cents / KWHr

Transfers LESS PAYMENT TRANSFER TO IN LAWS

$ ‐ 2,057

FINAL COST AFTER SRECs & AVOID & TRANSFERS

$ 7,143

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YEAR 10

IN PARTNERSHIP WITH 47

HNewUChevy Bolt – Now Net Zero For Housing And Transportation BE R EN GI NE ER ED WO OD S Should Be Able To Travel 14,000 PRESENTED BY

Miles/Yr With PV At 3.5 Miles/KWH IN PARTNERSHIP WITH 48

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Point Source

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Supply Return

Exhaust

Distributed

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Supply

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Water Management Air Barrier Thermal Vapor

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Water Management

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Air Barrier Thermal Vapor

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Water Management Air Barrier

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Water Management

Air Barrier

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ROOF / EAVE / HEAD ASSEMBLY

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? INE ? ER ED ?

Measured in CFM @Ach 50 Pa

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THANK YOU

STEVEN BACZEK Architect @stevenbaczekarchitect www.stevenbaczekarchitect.com 781.354.5839

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E NG Building Science INE Puzzles ER ED WO

Homebuilding Crossroads: 2015 Energy Code and High Performance

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HPremises UB ER

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• Things get wet, heat dries them out. • Energy efficiency measures reduce heat loss. • Energy & moisture must be managed with equal intensity. • Follow the water.

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HMold/Rot UB Basics ER EN G

• Temperature/Food/Water • Molds (spores) are everywhere, all the time… • They like the same temperatures we do… • They like many of the materials out of which we like to build… • Mold generally shows up at 19% MC or higher • Rot requires 25- 28% MC • The easiest/most effective approach to control mold/rot is, almost always, managing moisture.

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What about interior sources of moisture?

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HSources UB - Household Moisture ER EN GI NE ER Source

Quantity (pints)

Showering

???

Clothes drying

4 - 6/load

Cooking (dinner)

1.2 (+1.5 gas)

5 house plants

1/day

1 cord “green” wood 4 people

600 - 800/season

.5/hour

Building materials

???

Ground moisture

0 - 100/day

Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)

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HSources UB - Household Moisture ER EN GI NE ER Source Showering Clothes drying Cooking (dinner) 5 house plants 1 cord “green” wood 4 people Building materials Ground moisture

Source: Minnesota Extension Service (also, see GBA blog…)

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Quantity (pints) .5 (5 - min shower) 4 - 6/load 1.2 (+1.5 gas) 1/day 600 - 800/season .5/hour 6 - 17/day 0 - 100/day

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HPuzzle UB1 – Mold in kitchen ER EN GI NE • Mold insurance claim • Mold mitigated once • Building scientists called in • Structure at bottom of steep hill with lake on opposite side • Insurance inspector “baffled” by mold returning…

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HView UBas you drive up… ER EN GI

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HPieces UB– addition with full basement ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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HCrawlspace UB inspection… ER EN GI NE

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H“Incorrectly-installed” UB floor insulation… ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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HKeyUTakeaways/Lessons Learned BE R EN GI NE ER • Ignore the client; do the “edges” first… • Existing info • “Walk” the exterior (bulk water) • Foundation (bulk & capillary) • Follow the water…

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HPuzzle UB1 - New Construction Takeaway ER EN GI NE ER ED

• “Confused” areas of buildings are a REAL problem • Make sure that attics & crawlspaces are either completely in or completely outside your control layers: water, air, & thermal

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HPuzzle UB2 – Mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard ER EN GI NE ER ED WO OD S PRESENTED BY

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HPuzzle UB2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard ER EN GI NE ER ED WO OD S • Pre-primed trim & clapboard • Appears to bleed through the latex topcoat

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HPuzzle UB2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard ER EN GI NE ER ED WO OD S • South side but not north side • Clapboard with rainscreen • Same acrylic latex topcoat • Different source of clapboard

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HPuzzle UB2 – mold on painted exterior trim & clapboard ER EN GI NE ER ED WO OD S • Species of wood does not seem to matter • Moisture content of wood is not above 15% and often quite a bit drier

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HForest UBProducts Lab Experts: ER EN GI NE E

• If you cover an oil-based primer with a “modern” latex paint… • The oil in the primer becomes a food source… • The latex paint is vapor permeable and allows moisture to make it through to the oil… • Modern latex topcoats don’t have the chemical content to inhibit mold like they used to…

• Solution: Don’t use oil-based pre-primed wood with latex top coats • Solution: Or if you do, look for a latex top coat with mildewcide PRESENTED BY

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HPuzzle UB2 - New Construction Takeaway ER EN GI NE ER ED

• Compatibility of components or adjacent, layered building materials is key.

• Go with building product manufacturers that are taking the lead on material compatibility/creating systems rather than lone materials (like ZIP System….)

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HPuzzle UB3: liquid water leaks… ER EN GI NE E

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HPuzzle UB3: recurring water leaks ER EN GI NE ER • Brick veneer • Indianapolis, IN • Tyvek-OSB-FG-PE-GWB • $200,000 reclad • Moisture problems persist

PRESENTED BY

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Given these 2 faces, can you guess where the moisture expressed?

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Bay bump-out

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Fireplace chimney

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What happens to water getting past the brick veneer above the bumpout brick ledge?

INE

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HProblem? UB Solutions? ER EN GI

• Chimney is a “confused” space, not completely in or out of the house • Water getting behind veneer running down to bump-out shed roof and going where? • Solution(s)? Follow the water • WRB continuous around chimney chase • Thru-flashing to carry moisture load from brick veneer above • What about painting the brick to reduce/eliminate bulk water wetting?

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HPuzzle UB3 - New Construction Takeaway ER EN GI NE ER ED

• The “pen test” would have avoided this construction defect. • Make sure that all 3 of your control layers work; are continuous.

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HPuzzle UB4: mold in closets in “certain” locations ER EN GI NE ER ED WO O • Hudson Valley NY • About 10 years old • Full walk-out basement • Vented attic

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HBulk UBwater management ER EN GI NE

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HInterior UB sources of moisture ER EN GI NE E

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HInterior UB sources of moisture ER EN GI NE E

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HAssessment UB conducted 4-21-15 ER EN GI NE ER

• Outdoors: 59F (dry bulb); RH 64%; dewpoint: 46F. • Basement: 56F (dry bulb); RH: 60%; dewpoint: 42F • Kitchen: 65.5 F (dry bulb); RH: 56%; dewpoint: 47F • Upstairs (MBR): 68F (dry bulb); RH: 46%; dewpoint: 47

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ROne more crucial clue: EN GI NEwalls of closet Mold on back ERin closets gypsum board only along central partition. ED WO O PRESENTED BY

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HPuzzle UB#4: last clue – proportions? ER EN GI NE ER

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Basement looking up… PRESENTED BY

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Attic looking down…

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HSolutions? UB ER

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• Air seal marriage wall in basement/attic • Improve bulk water management

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• Connect downspouts properly to drainage • Waterproof exposed above-grade foundation

• Improve interior moisture management

• Vent kitchen range hood to outdoors • Replace existing bath exhausts with Energy Star h-controlled or timer units • Store less cordwood in basement

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HPuzzle UB4 - New Construction Takeaway ER EN GI NE ER ED

• Performance testing (in this case, blower door test) is really key to getting the details right on each home. • A high performance homeowner’s manual can help with occupant management of moisture loads they create and can be a great marketing tool distinguishing your company’s attention to detail.

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HPuzzle UB5: “Fanciful Fuel” ER EN GI NE

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HFireplace/woodstove UB insert above… ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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HCMU UBfireplace base below… ER EN GI NE E

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HBasement UB slab has moisture barrier ER EN GI NE ER ED PRESENTED BY

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HCMU UBfireplace base supporting… ER EN GI NE ER

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HOrder UBof operations? ER EN GI

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HProblem? UB Solution? ER EN GI

• CMU chimney base put in before basement slab so likely no moisture barrier under fireplace CMU column • Staining pre-dates insert wood stove • But what about the blue-green efflorescence?

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HPuzzle 5 - New Construction Takeaway UB ER EN GI NE ER

• Working out job site sequencing is key to successful continuity of control layers • Maybe the pen test is not just footing to ridge but goes across the basement slab as well!

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HPuzzle UBfatigue… ER EN G

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HW HBC Portsmouth and Bethesda: May 22 and 24 2018 References/Resources: 1. Vapor Profile – GBA: http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/dept/buildingscience/vapor-profiles-help-predict-whether-wall-can-dry

2. Dewpoint calculations – GBA: http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/dept/musings/calculating-minimumthickness-rigid-foam-sheathing 3. Spray foam 7 tips – BuildingGreen: https://www.buildinggreen.com/blog/foamplace-insulation-7-tips-getting-injection-and-spray-foam-right

BE R

4. Sticky Business – BuildingGreen: https://www.buildinggreen.com/search/site/sticky%20business

EN GI NE

5. Designs That Work – BuildingScience Corp: https://buildingscience.com/document-search 6. Enclosures That Work – BuildingScience Corp: https://buildingscience.com/document-search

7. Architecture/Building Science/Enclosures: “Designing the Exterior Wall” – Linda Brock: https://www.wiley.com/enus/Designing+the+Exterior+Wall%3A+An+Architectural+Guide+to+the+Vertical+ Envelope-p-9780471451914

8. Commercial high performance buildings - Whole Building Design Guide: https://www.wbdg.org

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9. Building Science for Building Enclosures – John Straube: https://buildingscience.com/bookstore/books/high-performance-enclosures or https://www.amazon.com/Building-Science-for-Enclosures/dp/0975512749 10. Yost blogs on building science puzzles et al – GBA: http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/dept/building-science 11. Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency http://www.dsireusa.org 12. Building America Solution Center: https://basc.pnnl.gov