Unit 7 key

I A

B

Draw a monster

[LC]

Listen to the teacher as she reads you a description of a monster. Draw the monster in the box provided on the front page of this chapter.

Now try to name as many different (human!) body parts as you can. Indicate them on (one of) the Disney monsters below and write down their English name.

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C

Complete the following sentences.

1 You need eyes to see.

2

You can wear a belt around your waist

3

I have very short socks, they don’t reach my ankles

4

She wears her rings on her fingers

5

I need a shoulder to cry on.

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He is thinking: he wrinkles his forehead

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I want to wear sandals so I am painting the nails of my toes

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You put a bracelet around your wrist

D What do these idioms mean? Make correct combinations.

1 Could you keep an eye on my flat while I’m away?

2 Look at these roses! Ron really has got green fingers.

3 I have butterflies in my stomach every time she looks at me.

4 His grandfather is a real pain in the neck. I can’t stand his stories about the old days.

5 Steven and Jenny are head over heels in love.

6 If we split hairs like this, the discussion will never finish.

7 Hands off the chocolate! It’s mine!

8 I’m angry because the problem was discussed behind my back.

9 The sight of the killer with his bloody hands made my hair stand on end.

10 Whatever you say about her clothes, she takes everything to heart.

11 Don’t believe what John says. He’s pulling your leg.

12 Will you give me a hand? I can’t do it myself.

a b c d e f g h i j k l

to frighten somebody very much to trick somebody, to deceive somebody to be good at gardening to help somebody to take something very seriously to be afraid before an important event an irritating person to go into details completely don’t touch without somebody’s knowledge to look after something

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II

Modal auxiliaries and similar expressions

[GRA + WA]

A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express:

ability, possibility, permission or obligation

A

Match the traffic signs with their meaning by numbering the signs:

1

There shouldn't be any road workers.

2

You should pay attention to deer crossing the road.

3

You mustn't enter this street.

4

You must follow the arrow in this street.

5

You shouldn't enter this street, it's a dead end.

6

Cyclists mustn't enter this street.

7

You must follow the roundabout.

8

You should slow down, there's a bump in the road.

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B

Now complete the grid below:

prohibition = verbod

obligation = verplichting

advice = raad

Don’t mustn’t can’t is not allowed is prohibited may not (formal) is forbidden

I want you to have to must

should shouldn’t had better had better not

permission = toelating

no-obligation = iets is niet nodig

words to place in the correct box

you’re allowed to can (also ability) may (formal)

needn’t (+ infinitive) don’t have to don’t need to

don’t

is not allowed

I want you to

must

you’re allowed to

is prohibited

can

don’t have to

mustn’t

shouldn’t

may

had better

can’t

had better not

should

may not

have to

is forbidden

needn’t

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PROHIBITION

A

Have a look at the signs below. What is depicted? Write down 2 sentences for each sign.

1 Don’t smoke

1 Phones are prohibited

2 You can’t/mustn’t use your phone here

2 Smoking is not allowed/is forbidden

REMEMBER: to express prohibition we use the modal auxiliaries/expressions don’t, mustn’t, can’t/couldn’t, is not allowed, is prohibited, shouldn’t, may not and is forbidden.

B

You are at the city library. Which prohibitions are there? Think of 4 sentences!

1 You mustn’t make a lot of noise.

2 You can’t damage the books.

3 You are not allowed to run around.

4 Smoking is forbidden in the building.

C

Do you know the prohibitions of the following games/sports?

Monopoly

You can’t steal money.

Soccer/football You mustn’t touch the ball with your hands.

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UNO You’re not allowed to look at the cards of other players.

Tennis The ball can’t bounce on the ground twice.

OBLIGATION

A

Have a look at the signs below. What is depicted? Write down 2 sentences for each sign.

1 You have to/must turn right

1 You have to/must wash your hands

2 Wash your hands!

2 Turn right!

REMEMBER: to express obligation we use the modal auxiliaries/expressions I want you to, should, have to, must, the imperative form

=

bevelvorm

e.g.

Stop!

B

Write down three orders you hear almost daily from your parents!

1 Clean your room!

2 I want you to do the dishes.

3 You have to study hard.

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C

Write sentences with ‘have to’, matching words from the lists.

nurses

to correct

orders

students

to wear

homework

teachers

to train

every day

a miner

to pass

a helmet

a sportsman

to obey

at night

a soldier

to work

exams

1 Nurses have to work at night.

2 Students have to pass exams.

3 Teachers have to correct homework.

4 A miner has to wear a helmet.

5 A sportsman has to train every day.

6 A soldier has to obey orders.

ADVICE

A

Have a look at the instructions below. What is depicted? Write down 2 sentences for each sign.

1 You should dry your baby with a towel

1 You had better put your child in the seat

2 You shouldn’t dry your baby in the tumble

2 You had better not put your child in the

dryer

trolley

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REMEMBER: to formulate advice we use the modal auxiliaries/expressions should, shouldn’t, had better, had better not

B

Give your advice for the following problems.

1

I have terrible acne.

You should use a good lotion. You shouldn’t eat a lot of fatty food.

2

I have bad breath.

You should brush your teeth. You shouldn’t eat a lot of garlic.

3

I have dandruff.

You had better buy a new shampoo. You had better not wash your hair every day.

4

I have a terrible toothache.

You had better go to the dentist. You had better not eat candy.

C

DEAR HELPFUL: Write a letter of about 10 lines (some 80 to 100 words) in which you formulate an answer to this problem.

Dear helpful,

I am a 15-year-old boy who lives in Mechelen and I have a crush on an older girl. She’s 17 and goes to the same school as I. I would like to ask her out on a date, but I don’t know how to do that. I’m afraid people are going to make fun of me. Could you please give me some advice on how to tackle this problem?

Philip

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PERMISSION

A

Have a look at the cartoon below.

REMEMBER: to formulate permission we use the modal auxiliaries/expressions you’re allowed to, can, may

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A

You have just turned 18. What are some things you now have permission to do? Write down three things!

I can drive a car.

I am allowed to go on a holiday alone.

I may drink alcohol legally.

B

§

Here are some things you want from your parents. Ask them using a correct modal auxiliary.

to go to a party Can I please go to a party ?

§

to spend the night at a friend’s house Can I please spend the night at a friend’s house ?

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to stay up late Can I stay up late ?

NO-OBLIGATION

A

Have a look at the cartoon below. Rephrase what the fish said, using a modal auxiliary expressing no-obligation.

You don’t have/don’t need to/needn’t say « hi » every time you pass me.

REMEMBER: No-obligation means that it is not necessary to do something. To formulate noobligation we use the modal auxiliaries/expressions needn’t, don’t/doesn’t have to

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B

Complete the sentences with a modal auxiliary expressing no-obligation.

1

I am a millionaire, I don’t have to/don’t need to/needn’t work.

2

I am a genius, I don’t have to/don’t need to/needn’t study.

3

I have lots of food in my fridge, I don’t have to/don’t need to/needn’t go to the grocery shop.

4

I washed my hair yesterday, I don’t have to/don’t need to/needn’t wash it again today.

5

I am not tired yet so I don’t have to/don’t need to/needn’t go to bed now.

Mixed exercise 1: Complete the exercises with the most suitable modal verbs.

1

You look tired. You should/had better get some sleep. (advice)

2

You mustn’t/can’t/are not allowed to leave school before 4 p.m. (prohibition)

3

I have to/must leave now. My parents are waiting for me. (obligation)

4

Jack can’t lift that table. He is too weak. (no-ability)

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I could not read when I was three years old. (no-ability)

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You can’t/mustn’t/are not allowed to drink beer if you’re under age. (prohibition)

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Tomorrow I have a day off so I don’t have to/don’t need to/needn’t get up early. (noobligation)

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If you want to stay healthy, you should/had better eat a lot of vegetables. (advice)

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You can’t/mustn’t/are not allowed to drink and drive. (prohibition)

10 I understand all the exercises so I don’t have to/don’t need to/needn’t do them again. (no-obligation) Mixed exercise 2: Here are some of the rules Tom has to stick to at home. What MUSTN’T he do? What NEEDN’T he do?

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Tom mustn’t stay out after 11 p.m. on a school night.

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He needn’t be home before midnight on Saturdays.

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He needn’t make his own breakfast, his mother does it for him.

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He mustn’t leave for school before making his bed.

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He mustn’t watch TV before finishing his homework .

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He mustn’t make a mess in the kitchen.

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He mustn’t forget to walk the dog when he comes home from school.

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He needn’t look after his little sister, she’s over at a friend’s house.

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Mixed exercise 3: Organizing a party Suppose you and a friend celebrate your birthdays around the same time.

You decide to throw a party together. Your friend is grounded for the weekend and can’t come over to your house but you still have a lot to discuss before the party next week. You decide to post a message on her Facebook wall. In it you tell your friend what you think you must/mustn’t, have to/don’t have to, should/shouldn’t, can/can’t do before the party. Think of what you are planning to serve your guests, what you are going to buy, and which activities you want to prepare for. §

You must ………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………….

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You mustn’t ………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………

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You have to ………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………

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You don’t have to ………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………

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You should ………………………………….……………..………………………………………………………………………

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You shouldn’t ………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………

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You can ………………………………….……..…………………………………………………………………………………...

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You can’t ……………………….……………….…………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Mixed exercise 4: Scheppers’ headmaster/headmistress Imagine you’re the headmaster or headmistress of the Scheppersinstituut.

Make a list of 10 rules you want your students to follow. Make sure you express obligation, prohibition, permission, advice, and no-obligation. Underline your modals.

Use all the modal auxiliaries we’ve seen!

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III

INJURIES A

[RC + VOC + OA]

Read the text about a mountain climber and the injuries he received while climbing a mountain in Switzerland. Afterwards, answer the questions below.

One of the nastiest experiences in my life was the day when I wanted to climb a mountain on my own in Switzerland. The fact that I decided to do that was already proof positive that I had no experience at all. I had taken just a few lessons with an experienced guide and I thought I could manage. I had the necessary equipment, I thought, and the mountain I wanted to climb was described as “for beginners”. It was not too high. Some 3 or 4 hundred metres high. So I thought OK. I’ll do that.

But I had overlooked some important information. It read: under the guidance of an experienced climber. The first hundred metres went well. The terrain was not too demanding. But just when I began to feel the pressure in my arms and in my legs, the slope became steeper, almost perpendicular.

Fortunately this mountain had been prepared by the local climbers and I found enough hooks in the rock to fasten myself and prevent me from falling down more than some 20 metres.

But then, suddenly, I missed a step, slid back and actually fell some 20 metres deep and swung to and fro. I hurt my head against the rock, so I had a bump on it, my nose started bleeding and my back ached terribly. In an effort to protect myself I tried to grasp a point in the rock, but missed. Now my right hand was also wounded and I felt I had a sprained ankle too.

When I finally came to a standstill, I looked down and saw the abyss under me: more than two hundred metres deep. I panicked.

But I was lucky. An experienced guide had watched me climb and he realised that I was an absolute beginner. He climbed up as fast as he could and guided me further up, because descending was not an option there. He was calm and self assured and did not blame me as long as we were climbing. But once we were on top of the slope, he told me never to try such a thing again.

1. How high was the Swiss mountain the speaker wanted to climb?

Some 3 or 4 hundred metres.

2. How could you see that the mountain had already been prepared by the local climbers?

There were enough hooks to fasten yourself.

3. Name 5 injuries the speaker received after he had missed a step.

He had a bump on his head, a bleeding nose, his back ached, his hand was wounded, and he had a sprained ankle.

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4. How deep was the abyss under him when the speaker finally came to a standstill?

More than 200 metres deep.

5. What did an experienced guide do to rescue him?

He climbed up and guided him further up.

6. What did the guide tell him once they were at the top of the slope?

“You should never try such a thing again.�

B

Write down the correct words for the injuries next to the corresponding numbers.

[11] = a bump on the head

[13] = a dislocated shoulder

[12] = a bleeding nose

[14] = a broken arm

[15] = a cut (in his) finger

[16] = a twisted elbow

[17] = a black eye [18] = a scratched face [19] = a bruised knee [20] = a sprained ankle

Have you ever had a minor or serious injury? Share your story with your classmates!

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