Hello! We’re back again in this August. We picked “When clean water becomes rare” as our theme because it is something emergent and need to be awared as soon as possible. The background designs are designed by our team member, Allen Sianjaya. Thank you for Mba Pen for finding facts , news, and article regarding this months theme. I hope you enjoy this month’s masterpiece made by our team. Ready to sip your tea? Because you won’t notice it become cold as you read this news-magazine :) Editor Mundus 1
ICC GOES TO EXTERNAL
3
IT IS NOT JUST A WATER!
5
SCIENCE BULLETIN
7
INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
9
IN ZAMBIA
11
DID YOU KNOW? PART ONE
13
DID YOU KNOW? PART TWO
15
UNITED NATION NEWS
17
PHOTO STORY
19
ENDING QUOTES
20
2
iaas conver GOES TO
ext
IT IS BACK! We can see now that ICC that is usually held every twice a month in Thursday has different kind of event. What is that? There was ICC Goes to External (IGTE) held in 31st of August 2016. IGTE is a program from Exchange Program Department (Expro) together with External Department. About 60 participants including the committee went together to have the knowledge in IGTE. The place that we visited are Australian Embassy and UNESCO in Jakarta. They gave us knowledge which also become our theme about “Improving water resources management for sustainable agriculture�. The reason why we bring that them is we know that in 2030 the world is struggling for SDG or Sustainable Development Goal. One of that that we want to learn is about water. The first place we visited in that day is Australian Embassy. We were welcomed by the hospitality of the stuffs there. The first speech was coming from Mr. Dean Merrilees, the minister counselor in agriculture. He delivered material to us about the role of agriculture, irrigation, comparison between Australia and Indonesia in the field of agriculture and many more. Then, we also had another speakers who are talking more about AIP- Rural from Ms. Naomi Cook, water regulation and the Australia-Indonesia partnership, for example TIRTA, PRIMA and so on from Ms. Nura.
3
rsation club
ternal Then the next place was the United Nation for Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO). Once we arrived there, we were welcomed by all staffs and also speech from the Director of UNESCO Jakarta, Mr. Shahbaz Khan. Then, we moved into the next room. There, we had presentation about what UNESCO Jakarta is. UNESCO in Jakarta is the Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific. In addition, we also had explanation that they concern about science policy and capacity-building, water science, culture, disaster risk reduction and so on. Then, we had a thematic Focus Group Discussion. We were very interested with the discussion there. It such a great experience learning the topic about the perspective of youth in water, climate change, conservation VS development and no hunger SDG 2 goal.
IAAS AT AUSTRALIAN EMBASSY
IAAS AT UNESCO OFFICE JAKARTA
4
it is not just a IT belly water! IS water I mean, FLAT belly water. Teehee. Water is essential for our body. Around 70% of our body consist of water. It is also crucial for body metabolism. Every day, we drink water that contain mineral which is the source of nutrient for our body. But, how if we want to make this water to keep our health? Current studies find that we can make our water become infused water. What is that? It is a water that is already added with fruits or herbs to it. The infusion will give the water a certain flavor and may result in the absorption of vitamins into the water. Nutritionists estimate that we can get as much as 20% of the vitamin content of freshly squeezed fruit juice, all without extra calories or fructose. Moreover, fruits also rich in antioxidants that also be consuming when we drink infused water. It also can be said as “vitamin water� but without the cost or hidden ingredients. FOLLOW THIS SIMPLE STEPS! 1. Mix 3-5 slices of fresh cucumber, 1/2 small lemon sliced, 1/4 of orange sliced, a few fresh mint leaves and 24 oz of ice cold wa ter and store in a bottle overnight 2. Drink it in the morning or throughout the day. 5
USE YOUR WATER
AS WISE AS YOU CAN I-FLASH Team
6
SCIENCE B
7
BULLETIN
8
INTEGRATED
WATER RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
Water is a key driver of economic and social development while it also has a basic function in maintaining the integrity of the natural environment. However water is only one of a number of vital natural resources and it is imperative that water issues are not considered in isolation. Managers, whether in the government or private sectors, have to make difficult decisions on water allocation. More and more they have to apportion diminishing supplies between ever-increasing demands. Drivers such as demographic and climatic changes further increase the stress on water resources. The traditional fragmented approach is no longer viable and a more holistic approach to water management is essential. This is the rationale for the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach that has now been accepted internationally as the way forward for efficient, equitable and sustainable development and management of the world’s limited water resources and for coping with conflicting demands. STAGES OF INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT There are great differences in water availability from region to region - from the extremes of deserts to tropical forests. In addition there is variability of supply through time as a result both of seasonal variation and inter-annual variation. All too often the magnitude of variability and the timing and duration of periods of high and low supply are not predictable; this equates to unreliability of the resource which poses great challenges to water managers in particular and to societies as a whole. Most developed countries have, in large measure, artificially overcome natural variability by supply-side infrastructure to assure reliable supply and reduce risks, albeit at high cost and often with negative impacts on the environment and sometimes on human health and livelihoods. Many less developed countries, and some de-
9
veloped countries, are now finding that supply-side solutions alone are not adequate to address the ever increasing demands from demographic, economic and climatic pressures; waste-water treatment, water recycling and demand management measures are being introduced to counter the challenges of inadequate supply. In addition to problems of water quantity there are also problems of water quality. Pollution of water sources is posing major problems for water users as well as for maintaining natural ecosystems. In many regions the availability of water in both quantity and quality is being severely affected by climate variability and climate change, with more or less precipitation in different regions and more extreme weather events. In many regions, too, demand is increasing as a result of population growth and other demographic changes (in particular urbanization) and agricultural and industrial expansion following changes in consumption and production patterns. As a result some regions are now in a perpetual state of demand outstripping supply and in many more regions that is the case at critical times of the year or in years of low water availability. Sources: • Status Report on Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency Plans. UN-Water. 2008 Roadmapping for Advancing Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Processes. UN-Water, GWP. 2007 IWRM is an empirical concept which was built up from the on-the-ground experience of practitioners. Although many parts of the concept have been around for several decades - in fact since the first global water conference in Mar del Plata in 1977 - it was not until after Agenda 21 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 1992 in Rio that the concept was made the object of extensive discussions as to what it means in practice. The Global Water Partnership’s definition of IWRM is widely accepted. It states: ‘IWRM is a process which promotes the co-ordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.’ Source Integrated Water Resources Management in Action. WWAP, DHI Water Policy, UNEP-DHI Centre for Water and Environment. 2009
10
IN ZA In Zambia, smallholder farmers rely on rain-fed agriculture and constantly face challenges such as erratic rainfall, fragile soil and poor access to markets. Climate change places an additional burden on farmers’ food security by increasing the frequency and intensity of shocks including drought and flooding. That is why WFP is helping farmers build their resilience to such shocks through the Rural Resilience Initiative (R4), an integrated risk management strategy which aims to strengthen farmers’ food and income security in an uncertain world. Boyd Mungalu, R4 participant in Pemba district in southern Zambia, says that he will remember last year’s agricultural season for the “dry spells” that caused most of his maize crop to wither and die before it could reach waist height. Boyd is one of the millions smallholder farmers across southern Zambia, and tens of million across southern Africa, whose crop production has been challenged by a late onset of rainfall, punctuated by extended dry spells due to the El Niño event. Boyd explains that in a good season his maize harvest, the country’s staple crop, can fill up 136 bags. During this agricultural season, the yield was enough only for 25 bags. Yet, he says with a smile: “It was a good year for me though, my cowpeas performed very well”. Indeed, thanks to the R4 initiative that introduced him to conservation agriculture, he focused on crop diversification and on the cultivation of drought-resistant crops such as cowpeas and sunflower, which gave him an abundant harvest. Mainner Chabota, another R4 participant, tells us that while in 2014 she planted 40 kg of maize seeds and 5kg of cowpea seeds, last year she applied conservation agriculture techniques learned through the R4-FAO’s Conservation Agriculture Scaling Up project (CASU) partnership, and she switched the quantity of crops planted. She decreased maize to 15 kg and increased cowpeas to 40 kg. Despite her maize crop wilted at an early stage, the cowpeas kept growing. “R4 has given us a good lesson. Now I need more knowledge on how to garden and how to sell my produce once it has grown.”
11
FACING EL NINO WITH THE RIGHT CROPS The latest El Niño was one of the strongest on record the past 35 years. Despite this, Boyd and Mainner m plying conservation agriculture techniques and focus resist to droughts, such as cowpeas. This allowed them gained a surplus for sale. This was possible thanks to ance with conservation agriculture techniques by pa Up project (CASU). Such integrated approach to resource management, reducing their risks to climatic Conservation agriculture is a climate smar minimum soil tillage and permanent soil cover to resto conservation agriculture promotes resilience by stead shocks over time.
Boyd Mungalu
AMBIA A MODEL TO BUILD RESILIENT
d and caused the worst drought in southern Africa in managed to mitigate its impacts by successfully apsing their agricultural production on crops that better m to meet their subsistence needs, and Mainner even the R4 initiative, which combines weather-index insurartnering with FAO’s Conservation Agriculture Scaling climate risk management improved farmers’ natural shocks.
rt agriculture technique that promotes crop rotation, ore fertility and improve productivity. The adoption of dily decreasing vulnerability to climate variability and
The Rural Resilience Initiative (R4) is a strategic partnership with Oxfam America that aims to strengthen farmers’ food and income security in face of increasing climate risks through four risk management strategies. R4 combines improved resource management (risk reduction), insurance (risk transfer), livelihoods diversification and microcredit (prudent risk taking) and savings (risk reserves). In Zambia, the R4 model has been adapted to address the specific local challenges. The Initiative targets poor and food insecure smallholder households that, provided with a set of interventions - including agricultural inputs, improved agricultural practices, as well as financial services - are able to raise their productivity to meet their subsistence needs and gain from surplus sale. Once farmers start practising conservation agriculture, they can access a package of risk management services, namely: - Weather index insurance to safeguard their investment in conservation agriculture through critical phases in the crops growing period; - Credit and savings, to invest in their land, as well as in other income-generating activities; - Enhanced linkages to markets to provide farmers with the opportunity to sell their products at a fair price.
Mainner Chabota
12
DID YOU KNOW? PART ONE
the fresh water on Earth in glaciers. 68.7% ofis trapped 30% The amount of fresh water on the ground is only
400
1.7%
of fresh water are frozen, therefore unusable
BILLION GALLONS
of water are used in the United States every day
120
GALLONS OF WATER IS ALL IT TAKES FOR ONE EGG
13
6800
GALLONS
of water is required to grow a day’s food for a family of four.
$260
BILLION
is the estimated annual economic loss from poor water and sanitation in developing countries. WATER WEIGHS ABOUT POUNDS A GALLONS
8
To create a pint of beer, you need atleast GALLONS OF WATER
20
80%
780
MILLION OF PEOPLE Lack access to the improved water source
OF ALL ILLNESS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IS WATER RELATED
UNSAFE WATER
200
KILLS
JELLYFISH AND CUCUMBER ARE MADE OF
95%
CHILDREN EVERY HOUR
OF WATER
14
DID YOU KNOW? PART TWO
IN NAIROBI, URBAN POOR PAY
10X
MORE FOR WATER THAN PEOPLE IN NYC
IN SOME COUNTRIES, MORE THAN HALF OF THE POPULATION DOESN’T HAVE ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER
SEA WATER FREEZES AT O
2C
UP TO
50%
of water is lost through leaks in cities in the developing world
OUR BRAIN IS MADE OF
70%
WATER
1 /3
OF WHAT THE WORLD SPENDS ON BOTTLED WATER
in one year could pay for projects providing water to everyone in need
15
year, there could be outbreaks of crop and livestock diseases, further reducing agricultural productivity and complicating recovery. Ethiopia will need urgent global support in race to prepare for main planting season 15 August 2016 – Seasonal floods, resulting in crop damage and inundation of pastures, following a severe El Niño-induced drought in Ethiopia may be further exacerbated by its cool weather counterpart, La Niña, expected from October onwards, the United Nations agricultural agency has warned. In a news release late last week, the UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) highlighted that if the floods worsen later this
“The situation is critical now,” Amadou Allahoury, FAO Representative to Ethiopia, said. El Niño is the term used to describe the warming of the central to eastern tropical Pacific that occurs, on average, every three to seven years. It raises sea surface temperatures and impacts weather systems around the globe so that some places receive more rain while others receive none at all, often in a reversal of their usual weather pattern.
While El Niño, and its counterpart La Niña – which is caused by cooler waters in the Pacific Ocean – occur cyclically, in recent years, mainly due to the effects of global climate change, extreme weather events associated with these phenomena, such as droughts and floods, have increased in frequency and severity, according to UN agencies. “We must make sure that farmers will be able to plant between now and September and grow enough food to feed themselves and their families thus avoiding millions of people having to rely on food assistance
for another year,” added Mr. Allahoury. According to FAO, the urgency is due to the country’s main agricultural season, meher that produces up to 85 per cent of the nation’s food supplies. The season starts as early as mid-June for some crops, with planting ongoing until August for others.