International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China โ ข February 13-14, 2014
COUNTRY REPRESENTATIVES
VISION & MISSION ii
ADESOJI ADEOLU ONI University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria
CHEW FONG PENG
University of Malaya, Malaysia
DJUWARI
STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia
GAURANG RAMI
Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, India
KEN KAWASAKI
Kochi University of Technology, Japan
JIA YAN
Hรถgskolan Dalarna, Sweden
CONTENTS 02 IAMURE Book of Abstracts and Conference Proceedings 03 IAMURE International Journals 04 Messages 17 Conference Programme 19 ICCCEC 2014 Awards 24 Board of Judges 25 Keynote Speeches 29 Synthesis of ICCCEC 2014 Abstracts 31 Paper Presentations Day 1 35 Paper Presentations Day 2 40 IAMURE HYMN 41 IAMURE Personnel 43 IAMURE Member Institutions 44 Philippine Clients of IAMURE
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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IAMURE book
abstracts and
of
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 2
International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
IAMURE INTERNATIONAL
Journals
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am very happy to welcome the delegates to the International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology and Conservation at the Venetian Macao, Macau February 13-14, 2014 organized by IAMURE and co-organized by the University of the Philippines Open University.
Our theme "A Changing World, Our Survival" mirrors the exigent need of the time to disseminate and utilize scientific information to address the multifarious issues on climate change. My country the Philippines is one of the most vulnerable and dangerous places to live on earth. Situated in the pacific ring of fire, it has many active volcanoes which can wreak havoc when they erupt. More than twenty typhoons visit the country every year. On top of that, we have earthquake. Forced evacuations are part of the human scape during these calamities. We need scientific information to reduce errors through hit and miss decisions. We need research to make our people understand why these things happen and what is our accountability to mitigate the effects of climate change? Papers from Europe and Asia will delve on these issues. We also recognize our winners in the World Research Awards as our gesture of valuing the significant contributions scientists have on our civilization. We thank the university presidents for supporting your participation here so the world out there will know of your discoveries and advocacies to make the planet earth a better place to live in. The forging of partnerships and collaborations raise the bar of our conferences. What we will do after together is more important than what we are going to do here for two days. Let us optimize this opportunity to make lasting and solid friendships. It takes a community of researchers to define the direction of change in society. I wish to commend and thank my team, Jony V. Berjes, EVP; Michael Myko Chaves, Lawrence Babanto, Ismael Talili, and Inocencio Buot of UPOU for making this event happen.
GENARO V. JAPOS, Ph.D President, IAMURE
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
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e would like to extend our profound Congratulations to the IAMURE for another endeavor as you hold this “International Conference in Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation (ICCCEC)”which will be held at the Venetian Macao, Macau,China from February 13-14, 2014. The ICCCEC 2014 is co-hosted by the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research (PAIR), Inc. and the University of the Philippines Open University -Faculty of Management and Development Studies. IAMURE continues to play a major role in uplifting the educational sector. Through this undertaking, IAMURE shall transform not only the lives of the researchers but also, the academe. Progress and development of a nation is also evident in its research output wherein academicians, researchers, inventors and scientists continue to strive for better ideas. Climate Change is the focus in this confab which is but suitable as Global warming results to different calamities, devastations of our natural resources, damages in the infrastructures and agriculture. Global warming poses a substantial challenge to the scientific community to develop a global scale ecological research. Hence, to a researchers, this occurrence will never be ignored as curiosity comes to play until it will be solved. IAMURE, has increased partnerships in the international arena to work on global ecological problems. It signals change in the culture of Science which emphasizes information sharing and open to multidisciplinary team approach to research. Finally, as one of the member institutions in IAMURE, in the name of the Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology (ASSCAT), I would like to welcome all the participants in this remarkable event. May IAMURE continue to produce and develop skillful researchers to address the Climate change, Ecology, and Conservation for everyone to live a more enjoyable life, to have a safer and a peaceful place to live in, and enjoy the beauty of God’s Creation. Furthermore, such noble intention shall redound to the welfare of the future generations. I wish the Conference will be beneficial and a rewarding experience with full of excitement to see other researchers and take pleasure in the stunning city of Macau! Sincerely,
JUARLITO V. GARCINES, Ph.D. SUC President II Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology
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ogether with the members of the CNU community, we welcome all the participants to the International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology and Conservation in Macau, China. We salute the International Association of Multidisciplinary Research, the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research, Inc., and the University of the Philippines Open University – Faculty of Management and Development Studies for hosting this timely and necessary meeting of minds. This year’s conference provides the much needed forum for professional researchers and researching professionals across the globe to share their knowledge and opinions on climate change, ecology and conservation. Rapid environmental change poses a significant threat to global ecology and species conservation in this century. ICCCEC participants shall promote discussions on global climate change as its impacts on current arguments on conservation strategies. Cebu Normal University is a proud participant of this conference in the light of its education, research and extension outputs on climate change at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Our academic programs are consonant to the national development goal on preserving the integrity of the environment and climate change adaptation and mitigation. We are indeed very pleased to take an active role in the ICCCEC this year. MARCELO T. LOPEZ, RN, Ed.D., DPA SUC President III Cebu Normal University
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y heartfelt felicitations to IAMURE, the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research, Inc., and the University of the Philippines Open University - Faculty of Management and Development Studies for bringing together the world’s academic and political leaders, researchers, and scholars for the International Conference in Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation at the Venetian Macao, Macau, China. This assembly of intellectuals will undoubtedly ameliorate the communication channels for the distribution of information to all corners of the world about climate change and the great devastations it can bring to the entire humanity. Climate change is a global crisis, and therefore, needs a global solution. Certainly, the various studies presented in this conference will help in the mitigation of the effects of global warming and climate change and in updating the entire populace of the nation’s current ecological conditions. My salute to Dr. Genaro V. Japos for organizing another commendable undertaking. Likewise, to all the participants for contributing largely to the pot of knowledge that the entire humanity needs to adapt to the changes of the world. Godspeed!
DON VICENTE C. REAL, Ed.D. University President Negros Oriental State University
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
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congratulate the IAMURE and Philippine Association of Institutions for Research (PAIR) for initiating this international conference on climate change, ecology, and conservation. With the theme “A Changing World, Our Survival,” this event highlights the need to [re]think and [re]imagine our stance on global changes affecting our environment today. The initiative to spearhead a conference such as this reveals your strong stake on the environment. If we talk about the environment, we cannot help but talk about our very selves: our future, our survival, the sustainability of our planet earth. I hope, guided by our Christian values, the conference will be able to chart our future directions relative to the care and conservation of our environment through this conference. Again, my kudos to PAIR and IAMURE! Good news as always.
REV. FR. HONORATO C. CASTIGADOR, O.P. Rector and President Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba Calamba City, Laguna
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ur continuous effort to salvage what is left of Mother Nature prompted the publication of this book of Abstracts of the International Conference in Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation. Overtime, the problems brought by climate change have become more tangible and increasingly threatening to the balance of the earth’s ecosystem. As inhabitants of this earth, we are responsible for diagnosing the cause of this environmental predicament and to find ways to lessen the negative impact of this condition. The in depth studies of this environmental conundrum that are contained in this book provides us a wider understanding of the causes and effects of climactic changes, the human practices that may have contributed to climate change, and the possible solutions we may have to put in place to solve the problems related to this predicament. May this book be a tool to anchor our actions to support advocacies that will help us deal with the challenges posed by climate change, in the process of making this world a better place for us and for the generations yet to come.
MIGUEL D. SOLEDAD, MBM, MPA President and CEO Davao Doctors College
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Joyous Felicitations! ndeed this upcoming event, the International Conference in Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation illustrates the necessity for global conservation actions to mitigate the effects of climate change in a world that is already undergoing a biodiversity crisis of unprecedented scale. I heartily extend my sincere congratulations to IAMURE, the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research and to the UP Open UniversityFaculty of Management and Development Studies for this wonderful endeavour. Climate change has shaped life in the past and will continue to do so in the future. Understanding the interactions between climate and biodiversity is a complex challenge to science. The need for a new generation of highly-trained conservation ecologists has never been greater. The world is in a period of unprecedented environmental change. As the human population grows from 7 to perhaps 9 billion people over the next century, and consumption continues to grow, pressure on our planet’s limited water, food, land, and biological diversity is increasing exponentially. Learning how to live sustainably on this planet is going to require that humanity learns how to utilize and manage our natural resources more effectively. Contemporary climate change is a crucial management challenge for wildlife scientists, conservation biologists, and ecologists of the 21st century, and the challenge for all of humanity is Conservation. Collaboration for all disciplines is necessary to plan conservation responses to climate change adequately. We must act strategically, community by community, building on common interests and goals, to create alliances that will lead to cumulative, positive impacts— impacts that are not just local but on a regional and national scale and beyond. It is through collaboration that we believe humankind will achieve positive, sustainable change. And although the environmental threats are imminent and the conservation challenges real, we are confident that through mutual cooperation and respect we still have time to conserve and protect our one shared planet, Earth. Meanwhile, sustaining living must be the pattern for all levels: individuals, communities, nations and the world. Progress towards sustainability has been slow because of the belief that conservation and development are opposite. Legal, social, economic and technical measures aimed at sustainability must be integrated in planning and action at all levels, particularly in national governments which have the main levers for strategic action. Much is of what is to be done if we are to properly care for the Earth is of global significance and requires a global response. The next generation doesn’t have it easy. The world is changing...and rapidly. What we are experiencing globally is nothing like we’ve experienced in the last century. Enormous shifts are happening that will instigate fundamental changes to policy, jobs and technology. The freedom that previous generations have had to build and to innovate will become lost to the future decision makers. Instead, the next generation will be overwhelmed with responding to the growing issues that are creeping to the forefront today like the world economic crises and effects of global warming. Sustainability is no longer a buzz word. This next generation understands and is more attuned to its moral obligation to fix the economic disparities that exist today. This includes gender disparity. And while the world awaits for the inevitability of climate change, rest assured there will be a rallying cry, however late, to attempt to delay these effects and prepare for substantive change. As long as this generation is alive, it’s in our best interest to finally take responsibility.... for future generations. On a final note, the LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE BACOLOD Community express our solidarity specifically our prayers that ICCCEC 2014 shall reap much success. Congratulations and Blessings of Abundance! SISTER MARIA MYRNA S.T. CONCEPCION, OSA President La Consolacion College, Bacolod City, Philippines
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would like to begin this message by congratulating and thanking IAMURE and its cohosts, UP and PAIR, as you hold the International Conference in Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation (ICCCEC) in Macau, China. The theme, “A changing world, our survival” is apt and confronts squarely the challenges that our world faces today.
Indeed, in no other time in our recent history that research and in-depth studies on questions linked to the care and preservation of our environment are more urgent than it is today. The recent natural disasters (not to mention the man-made disasters) we have experienced in our own country and in other parts of the world have forced us to see a common fate of destruction if we do not bond together to address this reality which some experts now call as the new normal in our society. Storms are coming with greater force and in increasing frequency! We need to act as one to adapt to this situation, mitigate its effects and to save the earth, our only home, and its inhabitants from unnecessary destruction and death. This is our shared responsibility and this is a global one. In Caritas in Veritate (2009), Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI reminded humankind with this teaching: “The environment is God’s gift to everyone, and in our use of it we have a responsibility towards the poor, towards future generations and towards humanity as a whole; the natural environment is more than raw material to be manipulated at our pleasure; it is a wondrous work of the Creator containing a “grammar” which sets forth ends and criteria for its wise use, not its reckless exploitation....Reducing nature to a collection of contingent data ends up doing violence to the environment and even encouraging activity that fails to respect human nature itself ’(48). Having in mind the organizers, the researchers and all the participants of this International Conference (the ICCCEC 2014) and upholding the close connection between environmental ecology and human ecology, I end my message with this prayer: Creator of all life, help us to understand that we are not self-sufficient but live in a world created by You, a world of participants in your creative love. Help us to realize that no matter how remote or indifferent we might feel, we are intimately related to the entirety of creation. O God, we pray for a vision that embraces earth, sky, galaxies, countless constellations, the entire luminous universe in you. Amen.
REV. MSGR. JULIUS C. RODULFA President, Holy Cross of Davao
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armest greetings of love and peace from Jose Rizal Memorial State University to all the participants of the International Conference in Climate Change, Ecology and Conservation!
The world today is on the verge of collapse. Climate change has gradually become synonymous with environmental disturbances. Many at times, we tend to attribute all these catastrophic disasters with the rapid climate change yet we forget to look into ourselves as to who should be blamed for such a disheartening fate. Unfortunately, we are to be blamed. It is our foremost responsibility to take good care of the place where we live in – this Earth we call home. I truly believe that this conference is not just timely but imperative for us to tackle this very alarming issue that has kept haunting us for a long time. With the recent environmental perturbations in the different parts of the world, it is a challenge for us, researchers to continue with our journey in finding ways to address this seemingly untouchable matter and inform this race on how we could spare ourselves from the wrath of these calamities. The international Association of Multidisciplinary Research (IAMURE) has always been in the forefront of spreading awareness and educating minds through its various researches and journals in different disciplines. These have truly contributed to a better understanding of certain issues and concerns beleaguering us day by day that redound to a more efficient and effective approach of dealing things as it actually comes across us. Jose Rizal Memorial State University is one with you in the quest towards realizing the valued vision and mission of this gathering.
EDGAR S. BALBUENA, Ed.D, FfUP University President Jose Rizal Memorial State University
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he “International Conference in Climate Change, Ecology and Conservation”, is first among IAMURE’s conferences for 2014. I am certain that it will stand out as a significant landmark in the area of environmental stewardship. The theme that you have chosen, “A Changing World, Our Survival”, says it all. Our generation is a witness to nature’s ever changing scenario, and these changes come to us in the form of disasters of unimaginable magnitude. But this sorry state of Mother Earth must be reversed if we are to commit ourselves to the task of preparing the earth to become kind and habitable to the generations that will come after us. The outputs of your conference on climate change, ecology and conservation should be disseminated far and wide. Let every concerned individual read your papers in order that they, too, will be enlightened and spread the good news that there is still hope for Mother Earth to be rejuvenated and the generations that will come after us will know that we did our best to preserve it, if not to bring it back to its original pristine glory. The conference speakers, Dr. Inocencio E. Buot, Jr., professor of ecology and systematic Botany, and Mr. Naderev Madla Saño, Commissioner of the Climate Change CommissionPhilippines, will surely deliver the much needed information on biodiversity and climate change. It is our fervent hope that more topics will be conceptualized and more papers will be presented in order that new ways in coping with climate change will be adopted without necessarily hurting the environment. I look forward to reading more new concepts on environment in your Book of Abstract. Through the years, IAMURE has lived up to its mission of animating the academe with quality research outputs. This international conference will surely add another feather on its cap as it aims higher towards international recognition. Yes, “Our Changing World, Our Survival”! With IAMURE around, we will survive! GILBERT R. ARCE, Ed. D
SUC President IV University of Northern Philippines Vigan City, Philippines
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uimaras State College, the only state College in the beautiful Island Province of Guimaras, Philippines extend its warm greetings to the participants of the 2014 International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation (ICCCEC 2014) to be held in Venetian , Macau, China on Feb. 13-14, 2014.
The conference theme, “A Changing World, Our Survival� is very nostalgic for us Filipinos who were devastated by a very strong earthquake and typhoon in 2013 which resulted to multitude of deaths and massive damaged to properties and historical sites. Our people have experienced devastation which is beyond definition, yet we have to adapt and attune our activities in this changing climatic condition in order to survive. This theme is very apt at this time to amplify further awareness among our people and to the rest of the world that in order to survive we have to adapt to the changing conditions of the Earth. The Ecological problems we are experiencing will continue to persist with the rapid changes in technology and the neglect of the environment as every individual struggled for survival and for accumulation of wealth. The convergence of researchers and scientists in this conference to present the results of their research studies revolving around topics on climate change, ecology and conservation is hoped to deliver a message that we must be responsible and answerable for all our actions so that we can protect and preserve our natural resources which are rapidly and continually deteriorating. These are not ours to plunder; we are just borrowing it from our future generation. As researchers and scientists we have important roles to perform in order that we can come up with innovations, techniques, practices, and processes to solve the continuing problems that our society is confronted with in relation to ecology and climate change. I wish to congratulate IAMURE and its partner institutions for holding events like this so that intellectual outputs of our researchers, academicians and scientists will be heard around the world and it can help create changes in the practices, processes and policies. Mabuhay!! \
ROGELIO T. ARTAJO, Ph.D. College President Guimaras State College
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ecades prior, clear and present danger only exuded images of military action. Nowadays, it means that plus calamities caused by sudden shifts in weather patterns. Being from Central Philippines, the part of the country hit by the strongest tropical storm to make landfall, I know this fact all too well.
I say that because academicians, politicians and environmentalists now widely agree that Earth’s climate is changing and with it our ecosystem’s status quo. (Peters & Lovejoy 1992; Hughes 2000; International Panel on Climate Change 2001 IPCC). “A decade ago, climate change may have seemed distant and uncertain, but these assessments make it clear that this is no longer the case.” cited Lesley Hughes of the Department of Biological Science and Key Centre for Biodiversity and Bloresources, Macquaire University, Australia, as early as fourteen years back. Indeed, there have been physical effects; and it goes beyond the well-documented melting of the glaciers and the rise in the isotherm in the tropics, both of which are already producing observable ecological changes. With the foregoing backdrop, the International Conference in Climate Change, Ecology and Conservation jointly hosted by IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research, the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research and other partners is as timely as its theme, A Changing World, Our Survival, is appropriate. More than ever, there is a need for professionals and student researchers across the globe to gather together and share high-impact researches, nourish opportunities for further engagement, recognize those who have contributed much as a means to encourage the contribution of others, and renew the drive for a deeper look at the ecological challenge that is no longer looming but already at our doorstep. Time notes that science has yet to establish a direct link between climate change and Super Typhoon Yolanda. Yet, opening statements given at the UN’s Summit on Climate Change in Warsaw, Poland, hinted in no uncertain terms to a causal relationship. Christiana Figueres, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Executive director, described Typhoon Yolanda as a “sobering reminder” of Global Warming during that gathering. Yeb Sano, the Philippines’ representative to the summit, warned against procrastinating on climate action. Let us not make that mistake and may this gathering remind us not to. Thank you and good day.
REV. FR. ENRICO PETER A. SILAB, OAR President
University of San Jose-Recoletos
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would like to say congratulations to you, all the participants at the International Conference in Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation (ICCCEC), which will be held at the Venetian Macao, Macau, China on February 13-14, 2014. My warmest greetings and congratulations to IAMURE-PAIR and University of the Philippines Open University – Faculty of Management and Development Studies for holding this conference with the theme: “A Changing World, Our Survival.” There is clear and widespread evidence that climate on earth is changing rapidly. It’s influenced almost all aspect of human and natural live, especially ecology system as well as biodiversity. Climate change will proceed at a level which is faster than the natural capacity adapt to the new conditions. We need lots of data in the area of thermodynamics, physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes of the habitats like ocean, land, atmosphere, cryosphere, and, biosphere to predict that. This situation plus irrational management implementation by human will cause overexploitation to certain organisms. I believe that this conference will bring together experts from science, practice, and policy across the world to share and discuss our findings and discoveries in the field of climate change, ecology and conservation, in order to give high impact multidisciplinary, as well as nourish and strengthen research collaboration and develop quality publication. Have a fruit and wonderful experience at ICCCEC 2014. God Bless Us.
WILSON L. TISERA, Ph.D Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana, Indonesia (Artha Wacana Christian University)
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would like to extend my warmest greetings and congratulations to IAMURE for holding the first International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation for 2014 which will be held at the Venetian Macao, Macau, China from February 13-14, 2014. IAMRUE has always been in the forefront of leading scientific community in holding very significant conventions, bringing together respected academicians, scientists, researchers from the different parts of the world, in order to share their research outputs for the benefit of the humanity. I am very proud that I am part of IAMURE’s significant activities with its highly respected, extremely capable President, Dr. Jenaro V. Japos together with his very efficient and accommodating staff. The theme of ICCCEC 2014, “A Changing World, Our Survival�, is very timely because participants can be updated on the present conditions that besets our mother earth today, and at the same time share their research results to other participants coming from the different countries of the world. According to the World Bank, the nations of the world are in danger of facing frequent and more intense storms, which led to the high risk of changing the world climate change. The change in the patterns of climate will cause environmental stresses resulting to floods, severe soil erosion, strong winds, drought and the rising threat of novel pathogens which could deliberately affect our natural resources. Moreover, the impact of climate change will fundamentally change the life style of humanity, particularly on food security, that will definitely affect the socio-economic status of the people. Fundamental to this effect, is the agricultural and aquacultural productivity which is posing a grave threat to food security that will ultimately lead to hunger, malnutrition and a host of other societal problems. For us researchers and scientists, this is quite alarming since most of our people still live in rural and coastal areas and support themselves through agriculture and fisheries. Although climate change is still considered marginal compared to poverty alleviation and economic growth, there is a great opportunity to improve the linkage between climate variability and development. As we face the challenges in the protection of our environment, we must focus our great efforts in looking for sustainable solutions to our problems that would allow us to adapt and better respond to the changing world. It is only through concerted efforts, and research collaborations of researchers and scientists of the world in addressing global concerns and issues, that we can overcome the complexities of our environment today. With the efforts of IAMURE, researches presented by respected researchers on this conference will serve as an important guide for the implementation of research and development projects in every country in the future in order to survive in a changing world. Again, welcome participants, and congratulations to IAMURE.
ROMEO D. CATURAO, M.Sc., Ph.D. University of Antique, Tario-Lim Memorial Campus, Philippines
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Dear Presenters, Participants, and Conference Organizers, t is a privilege for me to congratulate you for taking part in this very important International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation. Today, there is no better topic that should take as much time from us than the one that the organizers of the conference have selected to be the pillars of their focus—Climate change, ecology, and conservation.
As evidenced in the theme for this year’s conference—“Changing World, Our Survival”, the world is quickly changing. This is no longer a disputable reality. Our survival is somehow threatened. We can no longer continue to live as if everything was still the same. Taking responsibility of our world today is the only thing that will guarantee our survival tomorrow, not only for us but also for the next generations. We are in this world as the stewards of this beautiful creation. The interconnectedness between us and the world around us calls for harmonious cohabitation between the different beings and creatures of the whole planet. It calls for mutual respect and mutual support. Simply put, if we take good care of Planet Earth, she will continue to sustain us over the years to come. Dear Presenters, I would like to congratulate you for the hard work you did in preparing for this conference. We wouldn’t call this a conference if you didn’t do your part. I know that everyone will learn quite a lot from your research, ideas, and experience. I encourage you to continue searching for even better ways to help us understand the complexity of our world, how to take care of it, and how to survive in it. Additionally, may you also inspire other scholars in your network to join us next time when we hold this conference again! Dear Participants, you have chosen well. There is no better place for you to be at this moment than at this conference. May you be enriched, inspired, and empowered to make true change in our world. May your commitment to improvement make our world a much better place to live in today and tomorrow than it was yesterday! To our Conference Organizers, IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research and University of the Philippines Open University, may you find here my word of appreciation and congratulations for another great conference that addresses the most pressing issues of the world. Keep up the excellent work of empowering scholars all around the world! To you all, congratulations!
SAFARY WA-MBALEKA, Ed.D, Ph.D Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
programme International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation (ICCCEC 2014) The Venetian Macao, Macau, China February 13-14, 2014 Theme: “A Changing World, Our Survival.” DAY 1 FEBRUARY 13, 2014 8:01 – 8:30 a.m. Registration
9:51 – 10:10 a.m. Presentation of Delegates by Country and Pictorials with the Guest of Honor Philippines Romania Canada 10:11 – 10:17 a.m. Signing of MOU between IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research and University of the Philippines Open University 10:18 – 10:25 a.m. Exchanging of Gifts
8:31 – 9:00 a.m.
Morning Break
10:26 – 10:32 a.m. Oath Taking Ceremony of new IAMURE Members
9:01 – 9:05 a.m.
Video Presentation: Macau Tourism
10:33 – 10:39 a.m. Message ROGELIO T. ARTAJO President, Guimaras State College, Philippines
9:06 – 9:10 a.m. Invocation 9:11 – 9:15 a.m. National Anthem of Macau SAR National Anthem of the Philippines 9:16 – 9:18 a.m. IAMURE Hymn 9:19 – 9:25 a.m. Opening Remarks GENARO V. JAPOS President, IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research 9:26 – 9:33 a.m. Message HON. (MS.) IRA MICHELINE R. VALDEZ Vice Consul, Philippine Consulate General in Macau SAR 9:34 – 9:40 a.m. Macau Declaration: Synthesis of Abstracts SHEILA R. BONITO University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines 9:41 – 9:50 a.m. Awarding Ceremonies
10:40 – 10:46 a.m. Message EDGAR S. BALBUENA President, Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Philippines 10:47 – 10:56 a.m. Artistic Performances 10:57 – 11:36 a.m. Keynote Speech 1: Ecology, Biodiversity and Society in a Changing World INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR. Dean, Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines 11:37 – 11:45 a.m. Video Presentation: University of the Philippines Open University IAMURE Conferences 11:46 – 1:30 p.m.
LUNCHBREAK
INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR.
1:31 – 5:10 p.m.
International Paper Presentations
MOKTAR LAMARI
Master of Ceremonies JOANE V. SERRANO University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines
Outstanding World Researchers
University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines
L’université de l’administration publique, Canada
Outstanding World Research Leader
CRISTINA OLGA GOCIMAN
“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Bucharest, Romania
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DAY 2 FEBRUARY 14, 2014 8:01 – 8:30 a.m.
Registration
8:31 – 9:00 a.m.
Morning Break
9:01 – 9:05 a.m.
Invocation
9:06 – 9:10 a.m. National Anthem of Romania National Anthem of Canada 9:11 – 9:13 a.m. UPOU Hymn 9:14 – 9:20 a.m. Opening Remarks GINA D. BALLERAS Philippine Rice Research Institute, Philippines 9:21 – 9:27 a.m. Message LILIAN DIANA BUSTON PARREÑO Vice President for Research and Extension, Guimaras State College, Philippines 9:28 – 9:34 a.m. Message MOKTAR LAMARI Director of the Centre for Research and Expertise in Evaluation, L’université de l’administration publique, Canada 9:35 – 9:41 a.m. Message TIBERIU CONSTANTIN C. FLORESCU “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Romania 9:42 – 9:51 a.m.
Artistic Performances
9:52 – 10:01 a.m. Awarding Ceremonies
Outstanding Filipino Researchers
ALVIN V. NUQUI
La Consolacion University Philippines, Philippines
CONSUELO DL. HABITO
University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
Outstanding Filipino Research Leaders
LILIAN DIANA BUSTON-PARREÑO Guimaras State College, Philippines
GINA D. BALLERAS
Philippine Rice Research Institute, Philippines
Excellence in World Publication Awards World Publication Productivity Award World Research Productivity Award IAMURE World Publication Awards
10:02 – 10:41 a.m. Keynote Speech 2: Identity and Tradition – Our Survival CRISTINA OLGA GOCIMAN “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Romania 10:42 – 11:21 a.m. Workshop on International Collaboration GENARO V. JAPOS President, IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research 11:21 – 11:40 a.m. Pictorials 11:41 – 1:30 p.m. LUNCHBREAK 1:31 – 5:10 p.m.
International Paper Presentations
5:11 – 5:30 p.m.
Awarding of Certificates
Master of Ceremonies MARIA ANA T. QUIMBO University of the Philippines Los Baños Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines
International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014
Outstanding World Researchers
MOKTAR LAMARI
L’université de l’administration publique, Canada H-index: 9
INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR.
University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines H-index: 5
Outstanding World Research Leader
CRISTINA OLGA GOCIMAN
“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Romania
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014
Outstanding Filipino Researchers
ALVIN V. NUQUI
La Consolacion University Philippines, Philippines
CONSUELO DL. HABITO
University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines
Outstanding Filipino Research Leaders
LILIAN DIANA BUSTON-PARREﾃ前
Guimaras State College, Philippines
GINA D. BALLERAS
Philippine Rice Research Institute, Philippines
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China 窶｢ February 13-14, 2014
International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014
Excellence in World Publication Awards
INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR.
University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines
MARIA ANA T. QUIMBO
University of the Philippines Los Ba単os Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines
World Publication Productivity Award
EDGAR S. BALBUENA
Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Philippines
World Research Productivity Award
ROGELIO T. ARTAJO
Guimaras State College, Philippines
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014
Best Abstract Awards Best Abstract for Climate Change
SHEILA R. BONITO
University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines Title of Study:The Use of Social Media in the Response Efforts to Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines
Best Abstract for Ecology
GINA D. BALLERAS
Philippine Rice Research Institute, Philippines Title of Study:Aboveground Arthropod Composition, Abundance and Guild Structure in Upland Rice Agro-ecosystem at Matalam, North Cotabato, Philippines
Best Abstract for Conservation
INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR.
Philippine Rice Research Institute, Philippines Title of Study: Satoyama Online: A Human Capacity Building Initiative to Address Philippine Satoyama Challenges
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014
IAMURE World Publication Awards Silver
ALVIN O. CAYOGYOG
University of Mindanao, Philippines
ALVIN V. NUQUI
La Consolacion University Philippines, Philippines
Pearl
INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR.
University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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Board of Judges 24
DR.LESLEY C. LUBOS
Liceo de Cagayan University, Philippines
DR. BRIAN GIL S. SARINAS
John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University-Arevalo, Philippines
DR.EDWIN R. TADIOSA
National Museum of the Philippines, Philippines
DR.WILSON L. TISERA
Arthawacana Christian University, Indonesia
DR.ROMEO D. CATURAO
University of Antique, Tario-Lim Memorial Campus, Philippines
International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
KEYNOTE SPEECH 1
ECOLOGY, BIODIVERSITY AND SOCIETY IN A CHANGING WORLD INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR.
ORCID No. 0000-0002-2450-2713 iebuotjr@upou.edu.ph Professor Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University and Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos College, Laguna, Philippines
T
he paper discusses the interaction between ecology, biodiversity and society in a changing world with a changing climate and culture. Mountain zonation and environmental science research studies of the author from the Cordillera mountain ranges and southern Luzon mountains in comparison with other mountains in the Philippines and in Asia are cited. Results of field studies showed anomalous vegetation zonation on Mount Pulag (Table 1), Luzon’s highest mountain peak (2924 meters above sea level), Mount Akiki (2760 meters above sea level) (Table 2), Mount Mayon (2400 meters above sea level) (Table 3) and Mount Makiling (1100 meters above sea level) (Figure 1). Table 1. Woody vegetation zones of Mount Pulag, Benguet, Philippines. Zones
Elevation (meters above sea level, masl)
Dominant woody vegetation
ZONE I Sub-zone IA Sub-zone IB
2000-2400 2000-2300 2300-2400
Pinus-Deutzia-Schefflera Pinus Pinus-Deutzia-Schefflera
ZONE II
2400-2600
Syzygium-Leptospermum-EuryaDacrycarpus-Lithocarpus
ZONE III
2600-2700
Rhododendron-Clethra-Eurya
Table 2. Woody vegetation zones of Mount Akiki, Benguet, Philippines. Zones
Elevation (meters above sea level, masl)
Dominant woody vegetation
ZONE I Sub-zone IA Sub-zone IB
1685-2640 1685-2200 2350-2640
Pinus-Lithocarpus-DeutziaLeptospermum Pinus Pinus-Lithocarpus-DeutziaLeptospermum
ZONE II
2300- 2500
Eurya-Lithocarpus
ZONE III
2700-2750
Drimys-Eurya-RhododendronLeptospermum
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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Table 3. Woody vegetation zones of Mount Mayon, Albay, Philippines. Zones
Elevation (meters above sea level, masl)
Dominant woody vegetation
ZONE I
500-800
Erythrina-Ficus-Astronia-Glochidion
ZONE II
900-1500
Astronia-Cyathea-Weinmannia
ZONE III
1600-2200
Eurya-Clethra-NeonaucleaFagraea-Vaccinium
Figure 1. Vegetation zones on Mount Makiling showing encroachment of the dominating Diplodiscus. There was an evident encroachment of lower dominants (Pinus of Mount Pulag and Mount Akiki, Astronia of Mount Mayon and Diplodiscus of Mount Makiling) in higher altitudes, displacing original dominant vegetation. This encroachment illustrated adaptation of lower altitude species to the microclimatic regimes in the higher altitudes. Past landscape disturbances such as logging, slash and burn agriculture among others, might have altered the microclimate, enabling lower dominants to adapt to the climatic conditions of higher altitudes. The impact of this encroachment to the overall ecosystem health is not yet known. There is actually a need to study appropriate ecosystem landscape management strategies to have sound ecology and healthy environment. A number of strategies are discussed to enhance sustainability and resiliency. These include land use planning, establishing landscape corridors, and an effective community biodiversity education. Sound conservation ecology means meaningful human-nature interaction, that would result to rich biodiversity and sustainable ecosystem services to society amidst changing climatic regime. Keywords: Ecology, ecosystem services, landscape, resiliency, satoyama, climate
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
KEYNOTE SPEECH 2
IDENTITY AND TRADITION – OUR SURVIVAL CRISTINA OLGA GOCIMAN ORCID No. 0000-0003-2520-4408 criba_proiectare@yahoo.com “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Romania
"The natural and constructed environment represents our personal and community identity and its protection represent our permanent survival."
E
ntitled suggestively "Our common future”, the BRUNTLAND Report described very clearly and for the first time the process of the environment degradation, both on a local -regional level and on a global level, in close connection with the economic development, underlining at the same time the systematic transfer of certain degradations on to the future generations. The ecosystem-based approach , principle of the durable development supposes, on the one hand, that we should understand the environment that we must respect it by understanding its constituting ecosystems and on the other hand, that we should understand other non/natural systems by assimilating them as ecosystems. The constructed existential space, given by the relation between the support environments (defined as habitat), where the individual lives, the collectivity defined as antropocenosis, are forming the architectural ecosystem – urban ecosystem. The habitat is a special-functional network in which the dwelling as a basic structure coexists with the complementary public structures, commercial, educational, health and leisure facilities. The configuration of the habitat is an expression of the geo-climatic, social-political and religious determinations of each community as a result of its organic development. This characteristic forms a historical as well as a cultural dimension of the community. The brutal destruction of the habitat as a result of natural or anthropical multihazards represents one of the major losses of a collectivity. The patrimonial habitat is finite from a spatial point of view – by accumulation in the territory, but infinite from a temporal point of view, by continuous selection during the evolution of the collectivity, with certain specificity, expressing an energetic balance between tradition and innovation. This mobility and power to adapt itself enable it to assimilate in the contemporary world the true values, describing a mode of functioning specific to the living organism – self-adjustment.
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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The evolution of the urban ecosystem both on the level of the needs as well as on the level of responses creates the premise of a transgression of essences, able to open and to incorporate any manifest gesture as a fiction of a future tradition. The constructed space proposes to each receptor a particular representation, cognition of the perceptive images is accomplished only through an analysis of the individual spatial representations, which are tightly connected with the mental representation of the individual with respect to his environment and with the way in which he receives the information as a message coming from the constructed and social space. In this universe in which the fragments of classical world are atomized different past present and future temporalities are mixed up in an imperceptible way and in an unstable balance, decoding images and explored spaces becomes an object of permanent reading again. The moment when the habitat gets de-structured pursuant to a multihazard, the collectivity loses its „orientation”, the affiliation to the space of „mental map” memory requires a re-creation, a reconstruction of the former reference points now disappeared, in order to give behavioral stability to the community. The Romanian stylistic field – appertaining to the Carpathians-Danube geographic area – is a bipolar field situated at the limit of the active and dynamic Occidental world and of the Oriental world of “passive resignation” and acquires an intermediary and conciliating value, that is adaptability. Revealing the sinusoidal character of the Romanian topos, character which is also present in the existing architecture of the antagonistic horizontalvertical duality on a system level (that is at the level of the village) is also present at the level of the object, that is of the house and of the porch. The conciliation of the antagonistic duality indoors-outdoors, shade-light, horizontalvertical in the intermediary area, the transparency, the mobility of the Romanian space, the essentializing purity, they all start from the deep apprehension of the measure of things, of the behavior of materials, incorporating a serene cosmogonical vision of being in harmony with the world. The feeling of durability over the ephemeral by sacrifice has with the Romanians a remote mythical root. Starting from the ancient Indo-European archetype of the cosmic pillar, according to which at the very basement of the house a soul is laid, the legend of Manole the Craftsman is illustrating, advocating the idea of sacrifice as a condition of durable construction. Ascertainment, interpretation and mythifying are stages of a non-implicated archaic wisdom that we must now abandon, adopting an attitude of implication. By aggressing, we become aggressed ourselves and the contemplation becomes an obsolete attitude, which changes exactly by implication. Our “cohabitation” with the hazard modifies the reference points of stability, compelling us to a receptive and anticipative permanent dynamic action, represented by the new type of risk managerial approach, a risk which aggresses the architectural ecosystem – a symbolic expression of the existential space potentiated towards a permanent reconstruction. The natural and constructed environment represents our personal and community identity and its protection represent our permanent survival.
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
SYNTHESIS
OF ICCCEC 2014 ABSTRACTS “Climate change and environment degradation impact all living things. It is the responsibility of humankind to mitigate the harmful effects and to preserve the environment for future generations.”
T
he theme of the ICCCEC 2014 is “A Changing World, Our Survival.” The objectives of the conference are to: (1) provide a forum for professional and student researchers across the world as means for dissemination and utilization of high impact climate change and ecological research; (2) nourish collaborations among researchers and institutions in the promotion and production of research; (3) recognize meritorious contributions of world researchers; and, (4) promote quality research publications as credible sources of scientific literature. The increasing weather-related phenomena around the world, such as strong typhoons, storms, drought, has made it an imperative to discuss environment management and climate change mitigation. This conference has brought together researchers from different countries to present papers on impact of climate change and other factors on environment, and interventions to mitigate environment degradation and to reduce disaster risk in all living populations. Several research papers on climate change impact and environment describe plant and animal ecology, such as, seagrass meadows in coastal areas, arthropod composition in uplands, coral reefs, marine mammals, seahorses, mangrove ecosystem and rivers. All these expose the vulnerabilities of animals and plants to climate change as well as man-related activities. Some research papers focus on interventions and innovations to help mitigate climate change impact and environment management, such as, solid waste management, Satoyama landscape (harmonious human-nature landscape), urban conservation, use of new technologies, hydrologic water forecast. Other papers dwell more on the human involvement in environment management and climate change mitigation such as understanding socio-ecological dilemma on logging and climate change adaptation and social capital. Disaster management is also a theme that is prominent in the papers in this conference. Researchers looked into the use of social media in disaster response, coordinating local response in disasters, cash and food for work program, children’s’ view of disasters, and local leaders’ perception of disaster management.
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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All these papers provide interesting reports on the importance of environment management, mitigating impact of climate change and disaster risk reduction and management. Some conclusions and recommendations from the research studies are as follows: Environment management • Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by implementing proper solid waste management • Teaching harmonious human-nature relationship through Satoyama landscape • Enforce laws and regulations on fishing activities to save coral reefs, and aquatic resources Mitigating impact of climate change • Influence people’s mindset towards ecological responsibility by involving different sectors and disciplines • Invest in new technologies to mitigate climate change Disaster risk reduction and management • Maximize use of social media in information management during disasters • Provide cash and food for work program in disaster-stricken communities • Design building that are structurally safe, and culturally and functionally appropriate in multi-hazard communities • Support local communities in coordinating response before, during and after disasters Prepared by: SHEILA R. BONITO Associate Professor Faculty of Management and Development Studies University of the Philippines Open University Verified by: INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR. Dean Faculty of Management and Development Studies University of the Philippines Open University
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
Paper Presentations Day 1
Demographics and Clonal Reproduction of Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea sp. in Seagrass Meadows of Island Garden City of Samal MAIAN J. COZO ORCID No. 0000-0003-4259-7258 maiancozo@gmail.com University of Mindanao, Philppines Day 1 • 1:31-1:50 pm • Naples 2702
Seagrass has a crucial role in coastal ecosystem, and rapid coastal development, extreme climate change, lack of knowledge and appreciation of the community constantly threaten these declining resources. Monitoring of seagrass meadows is important in generating knowledge, as it fills the gap. The researchers surveyed nine seagrass meadows in Island Garden City of Samal (IGACOS) to determine: 1) the demographic status; 2) quantify the clonal reproductive capacity; 3) the relationship; and 4) influenced of abundance, density to net recruitment of seagrassess Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea species. Modified Braunblanquet method and age reconstruction techniques were to use to achieve these objectives. The researchers found that among the seagrass species noted, Cymodocea sp. were moderately abundant (44%), dominating (88 shoots/0.25m-2) and rapidly expanding (net recruitment 0.10 ln units/year-1) compared with T. hemprechii (37%). ANOVA with post-hoc test reveals significant difference among seagrass meadows. High correlation was also noticed between abundance and net recruitment. Regression analysis suggests a negative influenced of density (-0.051) and monsoon exposure (-0.136) to net recruitment. The findings elucidate the monsoon exposure-related impacts; degrading current condition and poor recovery of T. hemprechii the coastline of the Island. Near shore communities are the immediate stewards, thus knowledge and appreciation is crucial in protecting and preserving these coastal resources. Keywords: abundance, density, seagrass, age reconstruction, Philippines
Distribution, Abundance, Stranding and Human Interactions of Marine Mammals in Guimaras Island LILIAN DIANA BUSTON-PARREÑO ORCID No. 0000-0001-7631-8259 parrenolilian@gmail.com Guimaras State College-Buenavista, Philippines Day 1 • 1:31-1:50 pm • Naples 2702
Marine mammals have become recognized as an aesthetic resource, integral to the heritage of mankind. This study determined the distribution, abundance, stranding and human interactions of marine mammals found in Guimaras Island, Philippines. Interviews with fisher folks coming from 48 coastal villages were done using the marine mammal checklist and by-catch instrument. Collecting photos and remains in the coastal villages were undertaken. Descriptive- qualitative design was used. Responses of the fisher folks show that marine mammals were commonly seen during months of April, May, June, October, November and December each year. As early as 1970s fisher folks have seen marine mammals in the area and majority of them sighted them in 2010-2012. Many fisher folks of Buenavista and Nueva Valencia, Guimaras have close encounters with marine mammals majority of which were Irrawaddy dolphins and other species of dolphins, sea cows and whale sharks. Majority of the respondents sighted the animals between 51-200 meters from shoreline. Since 1995 to 2010, eight incidents of stranding and death of animals were documented. Close encounters of marine mammals with human activities put their lives in jeopardy. Knowledge of these encounters is necessary for the protection, conservation efforts for marine mammals in this place. Keywords: Marine ecology, marine mammals, descriptive-qualitative method, Philippines
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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Paper Presentations Day 1
Peformance of Seahorses in Glass Tanks Fed with Different Food Materials at SDSSU, Lianga Campus, Lianga, Surigao del Sur, Caraga Region XIII, Easter Mindanao, Philippines BERNARDITA G. QUEVEDO ORCID No. 0000-0003-2738-7105 quevedo.bernardita@gmail.com Surigao del Sur State University Lianga, Philippines Day 1 • 2:11 - 2:30 pm • Naples 2702 Peformance of seahorses in glass tanks fed with different food materials at SDSSU-Lianga Campus,Lianga, Surigao del Sur was conducted to determine the growth and survival rate of seahorses cultured in glass tanks condition with consideration on the food materials like artemia, fry and combination of both fry and artemia and the physico-chemical parameters.Due to high demand of the commodity and rampant gleaning is observable, thus this study is directed for sustainable supply. This experimental study has three set ups glass tanks with replicates done in one month. A 100% survival rate of seahorses was observed after four weeks culture fed with different food materials. Weight and length increment of seahorses with combined feeds; fry and artemia has better result compared with single feed provision. Seahorses fed with fry and artemia alone showed less weight and length increment. The potential impact of the study is to conserve, preserve and protect the seahorse species due to rampant collection and trading locally and outside the region for its economic, medicinal and ornamental importance. An intensified information education campaign on the resource should be initiated to enhance people’s awareness and encourage active participation in the proper stewardship on all existing coastal resources. A bigger project shall be conducted on seahorse species to sustain its species kind. Keywords: Aquatic Biology, sustainability, experimental study glass tank study, Philippines
The Implementation of Solid Waste Management Program among State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in Western Visayas, Philippines MONA LIZA H. SOLLANO ORCID No. 0000-0002-7410-4641 monalizasollano@yahoo.com Guimaras State College-Buenavista, Philippines Day 1 • 2:41 - 3:00 pm • Naples 2702
The tremendous advancement in the fields of agriculture, engineering and medicine has produced solid wastes which are hazardous to the ecosystem and if not acted upon will create continuous damage to the environment. This study aimed to assess the implementation of Solid Waste Management Program (SWMP) among State Universities and Colleges (SUC) in a region of the Philippines. The descriptive research design was used and the data were gathered by analyzing existing SUCs documents and by using a researcher made instrument. The government’s mandate for the integration of solid waste management programs in the SUCs curriculum were moderately complied; however, they have initiated activities to raise the awareness of the students on SWMP. The students, faculty, staff and administrators participated actively in the ecological solid waste management and resource conservation programs but have less participation in resource recovery. The administrators have significantly higher participation compared with the rest. The extent of compliance did not complement extent of participation. The people in the community were not supportive of the program and faculty members did not cooperate in the implementation of the SWMP. Reviewing the implementation of SWMP among SUCs in Western Visayas, Philippines is imperative. Keywords: ecological conservation, solid wastes, descriptive-qualitative research, Philippines
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
Paper Presentations Day 1
Typical Carbon Emission of a City in the Philippines through Solid Waste Management EDGAR S. BALBUENA ORCID No. 0000-0002-6487-9865 jrmsu_vpred2009@yahoo.com Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Philippines Day 1 • 3:01-3:20 pm • Naples 2702
Wastes and garbage disposed of by the coastal barangays of Dapitan City were analyzed as to volume, composition and manner of disposal in order to estimate the approximate level of daily greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using an international conversion factor by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) conversion manual. The waste management practices of the local communities were likewise determined since these determine to a large extent the volume of GHG emitted through household wastes. The results reveal that roughly 43.8 kilo-tons of CO2, 2.52 kilo-tons of methane and .515 kilo-tons of nitreous oxide per year are derived from the household wastes alone owing to their poor waste management practices. If open burning and other improper waste disposal practices were strictly prohibited and violators apprehended, the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by as much as 50% of their current levels. Keywords: biomass conversion factor, greenhouse gas, waste management, Philippines
The Use of Social Media in the Response Efforts to Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines SHEILA R. BONITO ORCID No. 0000-0002-5683-419X sheila.bonito@upou.edu.ph University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines Day 1 • 3:21- 3:40 pm • Naples 2702
Philippines experienced recently the most intense tropical cyclone in its recorded history. Super Typhoon “Haiyan” flattened towns and villages, killed more than 8000 people, left more than 1000 people still missing, and interrupted local government functions. Mounting immediate response was difficult because of lack of communication and disruption of services. Social media became the source of information and means of communication. This study describes the use of social media in the response efforts in Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. Online resources, such as news, blogs, and social networking sites were reviewed on the use of social media during the first month after the impact of Typhoon Haiyan. The study shows that people turned to social media to get information about missing friends and relatives, and extent of damage in affected areas. Social networks were used to call for donations and volunteers. Social media helped in connecting people especially during the weeks when there were very little information. However, social media also became the source of unverified news and information. It is important that use of social media by authorities should be guided by policies to ensure that information is accurate and used properly, and confidentiality issues are addressed. Keywords: public health, social media, disaster response, Typhoon Haiyan, online search, Philippines
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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Paper Presentations Day 1
Decisions on Building Stock Survival and Conservation in a Multi-Hazard Environment: Identity vs. Safety Challenge CRISTINA OLGA GOCIMAN ORCID No. 0000-0003-2520-4408 criba_proiectare@yahoo.com “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Bucharest, Romania Day 1 • 4:01- 4:20 pm • Naples 2702 Romania’s capital city, Bucharest, was struck by multi-hazards in its history but has also suffered a huge trauma by demolition of 450 hectares, to build public institutions in the 1980s, during the past regime. This zone is now a protected area, under the threats of climate and social changes. This research project financed by the Romanian Ministry of National Education aimed to identify the patterns of building blocks, in a balanced relationship between cultural, functional values, as an identity dimension, and the nature of safety, stability as state values (vulnerability), under earthquakes and other hazards. Functional values were evaluated with respect to the Code significance categories, functional zoning of the General Urban Plan and Law of quality in construction. Analysis of cultural value observed the Law of Monuments, associated to 13 criteria suggested by authors, resulting in six evaluation stages. The intervention works included current maintenance; conservative maintenance, using also strengthening; conservative works; restoration and strengthening; partial or global restricting, with possible demolition and reconstruction works; demolition; new building. New knowledge is represented by a methodology of evaluation and decision-making for multi-level intervention categories, to preserve urban memory and presents a case study. Keywords: multihazard urban environment, building stock, evaluation of the cultural identity and vulnerability values, multi-level intervention, disaster risk management Romania
Mitigating Climate Change by Mobilizing New Technologies: New Empirical Evidence from R&D-active Firms in Canada MOKTAR LAMARI ORCID No. 0000-0002-1634-4380 moktar.lamari@enap.ca L’université de l’administration publique, Canada Day 1 • 4:21- 4:40 pm • Naples 2702
Ever since climate change became a collective concern, governments have diversified incentives encouraging firms to mitigate climate change by investing in new technology development. However, many decision makers still question their value and wonder what determines climate change mitigation (CCM) at the firm level. This paper deals with two questions: What makes some firms more committed to CCM than others? To what extent do R&D–active firms invest in new technologies required by CCM? Data were gathered using a 2013 online survey conducted among 289 R&D-active firms in Canada (Quebec). The dependent variable measures firm investment in technology acquisition and the independent variables are related to firms’ CCM effort and to their context. The results suggest that CCM-active firms are i) highly innovative, ii) intensive in R&D, iii) investors in physical capital, and iv) open to external knowledge. These firms invest between $2,562 and $25,562 (per year) in order to acquire CCM technologies. The results are groundbreaking in terms of pricing the specific R&D impacts on CCM at the firm level. They indicate that technology transfer organizations are helpful for CCM, and about $25,562 per year is required to optimize CCM at the firm level. These findings will inspire design and calibration of tools and incentives (grants, tax credits, etc.) targeting CCM. Keywords: climate change, research and development, climate change mitigation technology, online survey, Canada
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
Paper Presentations Day 1
Climate Change Adaptation and Social Capital: Implications to Curriculum Development in Open and Distance e-Learning QUYEN DINH HA Hanoi University of Agriculture, Vietnam MARIA ANA T. QUIMBO ORCID No. 0000-0002-0797-6204 anaquimbo@yahoo.com University of the Philippines Los Baños Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Philippiness Day 1 • 4:41- 5:00 pm • Naples 2702 Climate change adaptation strategies of coastal communities to become resilient remain to be poorly documented. This study was conducted to determine the adaptation strategies to climate change of households along the Red River Delta Biological Reserve, an important UNESCO-certified reserve area in Vietnam. Using a case study approach, data were gathered using household interviews, key informant interviews, and review of pertinent documents. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, percentages, and means were used to describe the data. The study highlighted that climate change adaptation is a social issue and that social capital such as strengthening of community capacity played a vital role in climate change adaptation. It further revealed that networks and collaboration are more evident when a strong typhoon is coming or when there when there is occurrence of floods. Assistance provided by the networks focused on disaster prevention, fortification of house structure, and evacuation. Furthermore, community practices during possible flood occurrences included evacuation of people, securing of property, preparation of needed materials for house protection, and protection of the sea dike. The study has important implications in the design of open and distance elearning courses and programs wherein the integration of community development concepts like social capital, networks and partnerships in environmental management has to be considered. Keywords: Climate change adaptation, community development, social capital, ODeL curriculum development, Philippines
Paper Presentations Day 2
Aboveground Arthropod Composition, Abundance and Guild Structure in Upland Rice Agro-ecosystem at Matalam, North Cotabato, Philippines GINA DEANON BALLERAS ORCID No. 0000-0003-0084-6287 gdballeras@gmail.com Philippine Rice Research Institute, Philippines Day 2 • 1:31- 1:50 pm • Naples 2702
With the recent innovations in the field of ecological pest management, conservation and enhancement of biological diversity at any rice agro-ecosystems has received much attention. In the Philippines, studies focused on upland rice remains fragmentary. Hence, systematic was employed to assess the composition and abundance of aboveground arthropods on upland ricefields in Matalam, North Cotabato, Southern Mindanao, Philippines. Sampling and monitoring was done using malaise trapping, sweep netting and direct counting techniques. A total of 29 arthropod species belonging to 21 families in nine orders were documented. The collected samples were comprised of 40% insect pests, 53% predators and 7% parasitoids. The three most abundant insect pests were rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorius), rice seedling maggot (Atherigona oryzae), and pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens). The predators are dominated by lady bird beetle (Micraspis spp.), social wasp (unknown) and long-jawed spider (Tetragnatha maxillosa). Ichneumonids, Braconids and Tachinids, though in smaller numbers, were present throughout the cropping season. More importantly, this study was first to report the presence of four rice stem borer species – Scirpophaga innotta, Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia inferens and Chilo suppressalis and two rice grain bug species – Paraeucosmetus pallicornis and Elasmolomus sordidus in Matalam. The occurrence, composition and abundance of insect pests and associated natural enemies vary with rice growth and developmental stages. The negative Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r = -0.31) between the insect pests and natural enemies was attributed to effective cultural management practices which have been developed through decades of subsistence upland rice farming. Keywords: Ecology, aboveground arthropods, upland rice agro-ecosystem, sampling and monitoring, North Cotabato, Philippines
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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Paper Presentations Day 2
Satoyama Online: A Human Capacity Building Initiative to Address Philippine Satoyama Challenges INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR. ORCID No. 0000-0002-2450-2713 iebuotjr@upou.edu.ph University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines Day 2 • 1:51- 2:10 pm • Naples 2702
Satoyama landscape is a socioecological production landscape illustrating subsistent and harmonious human-nature relationship. It is generally composed of a forest, grassland, farm and a village. A review of the Philippine satoyama landscapes was done in order to clarify the structural types and problems. Three types of satoyama were identified in the Philippines: 1) satoyama associated with rice, 2) satoyama associated with corn and 3) satoyama associated with mixed crops. Deforestation, depopulation, land use conversion and biodiversity loss were among the problems observed. Human capacity building was identified as a very good initial intervention to somehow mitigate escalating problems. At the University of the Philippines Open University, Satoyama Online is offered to contribute in addressing the problems in satoyama landscapes. Two courses (Satoyama Online I and Satoyama Online II) are offered under the continuing education program of the university. Satoyama Online I has 7 modules while Satoyama Online II has 6 modules Keywords: socioecological production landscapes, biodiversity, muyong, forest, village, Philippines
Easy Money over Ecological Duty and Wellness: A Philosophical Criticism ALVIN O. CAYOGYOG ORCID No. 0000-0002-8448-0851 acayogyog_31266@yahoo.com.ph University of Mindanao, Philippines Day 2 • 2:11- 2:30 pm • Naples 2702
People cut trees despite the global campaign for ecological duty and wellness. This paper intends to draw out the criticisms of philosophy professors on this prevailing socio-ecological phenomenon. Through a qualitative method of research using focus group discussion, the philosophy professors articulated that the current socio-ecological dilemma is attributed to conflict of interests, issues on central importance, and intrusion of opportunities. Conflicting interests are manifested in the tensions between binary realities such as survival versus ecological responsibility; environmental justice versus economic life; ideal versus pragmatic principles; and stewardship versus dominion over natural resources. Issues on central importance are explored in anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, and biocentrism. Intrusion of opportunities enticed by the flourishing of industrialization and commercialization override the peoples’ traditional treatment of natural resources. These are the critiques’ grounds in respecting rather than condemning the peoples’ options and actions. Furthermore, they assert that changing the mindset of the people should not be regarded as purely philosophical but rather a multi and interdisciplinary responsibility – implying their adherence to postmodernism whereby philosophy is just one among the many equal contributors of knowledge. Keywords: philosophical criticism, logging, descriptive design, Philippines
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
Paper Presentations Day 2
Recruitment Pattern of Coral Reefs in the Island Garden City of Samal MAIAN J. COZO ORCID No. 0000-0003-4259-7258 maiancozo@gmail.com University of Mindanao, Philppines Day 2 • 2:41- 3:00 pm • Naples 2702
Coral recruitment is one of the crucial indicators that would provide information about the health status, and the capacity of the coral reef to recover from any disturbances. The Island Garden City of Samal (IGACOS) has abundant and diverse coral reefs in Davao gulf area. For the past decades, the City has been the recipient of several marine ecology studies, and yet none of these provide information on coral recruitment. This study aims to determine the pattern, abundance and composition of coral recruits of the three marine protected areas of Island. Two hundred fifty-four hardiflex board tiles were randomly deployed along the 50-m transects with 10 meter interval within the core and buffer zone of the three marine protected areas for six months. Preliminary results show a low mean recruit density in two local communities – Camudmud and Dapia area, where unregulated fishing activities were observed, compared with the Barangay Pangubatan marine protected area, which has moderate-to-strong water current, and strict monitoring to all fishing activities in the area. In this study, it was observed that, both physical and biological factors have crucial role in the current recruitment pattern in all areas. Keywords: coral reef, coral recruitment pattern, coral taxonomy, Philippines
Physio-biochemical Fingerprints of the Angat River: An Environmental Investigation for Sustainable Program Development ALVIN V. NUQUI ORCID No. 0000-0003-3663-2416 avnuqui@lcup.edu.ph La Consolacion University Philippines, Philippines Day 2 • 3:01- 3:20 pm • Naples 2702
The study assessed the environmental condition of selected sections of the Angat River located in Calumpit, Plaridel, Pulilan, Hagonoy and Paombong. The findings reveal that the: 1) Calumpit-Plaridel-Pulilan-Hagonoy-Paombong sections were within the standard pH parameter but were biologically polluted as shown by its high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD); 2) Calumpit-PlaridelPulilan sections have a chance to recover on its own because of a high Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content while the downstream sections of Hagonoy-Paombong may have less chance to recover due to low DO content; 3) river sections were polluted with oil, grease, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS); and 4) Calumpit-Plaridel-Pulilan sections were teeming with E. Coli microorganism compared with the Hagonoy-Paombong sections which were free of E-Coli. Keywords: physio-biochemical fingerprints, environmental investigation, program development, Angat River, Philippines
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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Paper Presentations Day 2
Assessment of Perceptions of Primary Disaster Responders on Disaster Management: Limits and Prospects FINAFLOR F. TAYLAN ORCID No. 0000-0002-1922-7243 finaflor.taylan@upou.edu.ph University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines Day 2 • 3:21- 3:40 pm • Naples 2702
The Philippines is situated in a natural disaster-generating area in the globe. Disasters also include those which are human-made such as armed conflict, eviction, and the like. In the Philippine political system, the barangay (local community) leaders are the primary responders and managers of disaster risk reduction and management programs. Given this crucial role, the barangay leaders’ perceptions on the definition and characteristics of disaster, factors to consider in disaster preparedness and management and elements of the disaster management program are important to identify and assess. Through workshops with the barangay leaders in two of the disaster stricken areas in Laguna, Philippines using descriptive qualitative method, disaster was defined and characterized as sudden and usually unpredicted event which devastates a large part of a community and the lives of its people. The barangay leaders usually identified response activities and concerns such as rescue, evacuation centers, and delivery of relief goods as elements and factors for consideration in developing a disaster program although some also identified activities and conditions under preparatory and recovery phases. Barangay leaders’ perceptions on disaster management need to be improved in order to have a more integrated approach to disaster to include risk reduction and more importantly social justice. Keywords: social work, disaster risk reduction and management, social justice, workshops, Philippines
BAIN KE: The Cash and Food for Work Program in Disaster-Stricken Municipalities REYNALDO O. CUIZON ORCID No. 0000-0002-2070-7789 cuizonrey@yahoo.com.ph University of Mindanao, Philippines Day 2 • 4:01- 4:20 pm • Naples 2702 Trento, Santa Josefa and Veruela of Agusan Del Sur [Philippines] are among the localities damaged by Typhoon Bopha in 2012. The miserable condition of the survivors prompted humanitarian actions such as the Cash and Food for Work Program (CFW/FFW) of Plan International and World Food Program. Using mixed methods, the evaluative study reveal that under CFW, orphans and those who cannot work due to health problems were mostly males; livestock base was the source of income; amount received was sufficient and suitable; and rice was the leading food procured. Under FFW, most beneficiaries participated in animal husbandry project, have root crop base as source of income, and no children involved in the project. Both CFW and FFW beneficiaries identified WFP as key source of food, bought food for the last 7 days, have household members who ate [of mostly vegetables] 3 times a day, relied on less expensive food, no regular source of income and no access to functioning market, applied in the program, consulted and aware of the criteria, did not pay [in amount/form of service] in exchange of the entitlement, did not experience problem in claiming and bringing home the entitlement, mostly mothers [as claimants], no household conflict instigated by the assistance received, viewed that complain mechanism was in place. The very high implementation success level of CFW and FFW in terms of significance, relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, coherence, ownership and accountability value, transparency, alignment with national and local policies, and sustainability did not differ in the type of beneficiary, sex, age, and ethnicity. The emergency response team deployment, LGU partnership, project identification process, beneficiary selection and registration, WFP logistical support, distribution areas and system establishment, counterpart support generation from the community and partners, tracking tools developed by the team, and ER manager support substantiated the overall cooperation and sharing experience. Keywords: Social Work, Cash and Food for Work Program (CPW), descriptive-evaluative design, Philippines
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
Paper Presentations Day 2
Coordinating Local Response after Disasters in Lakeshore Towns of Laguna, Philippines CONSUELO DL. HABITO ORCID No. 0000-0002-6942-8473 conie.habito@upou.edu.ph University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines Day 2 • 4:21- 4:40 pm • Naples 2702
Recent disasters in eastern Philippines, such as the Bohol earthquake and the devastation left by Super Typhoon Haiyan, have increased the awareness of local government units (LGUs) along Laguna de Bay for disaster preparedness. Newly sworn-in local community officials from the coastal towns of Los Banos and Bay forming their respective local communities Risk Reduction and Disaster Management Committee (BRRDMC) were invited to participate in a series of workshops designed to increase their knowledge, improve their attitudes and enhance their capabilities in the implementation and coordination of disaster risk management programs as mandated by R.A. 101211 or the ‘’Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010.” This paper presents the preliminary results of the workshop. Most of the local communities have disaster management plans as mandated by R.A. 101211 but they are concerned that their capacity and resources to respond to a large magnitude disaster situation is inadequate. Local community officials need to strengthen their technical capacity and establish the resources to enable them to effectively implement their disaster management plans. This will help them mitigate the effects of future disasters and enable them to meet the most basic needs of their affected constituents during emergencies – rescue, food, water, shelter, and sanitation. Keywords: local community officials, knowledge, attitudes and practice, disaster risk reduction and management, environmental management, review and analysis of workshop presentation, key informant interviews, Philippines
Understanding Disaster: Worldview of UPOU Earth Ambassadors JOANE V. SERRANO ORCID No. 0000-0002-3799-2942 jserrano@upou.edu.ph University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines Day 2 • 4:41- 5:00 pm • Naples 2702
Children are also affected by disasters, but they are rarely given a voice in disaster and risk reduction management. As a result of this lack of participation and involvement, many children grow up with a lack of understanding on dealing with disasters as well as distorted view of how the environment should be taken care of. To address this gap, the Faculty of Management and Development Studies, UP Open University initiated the Earth Ambassador Program that aims to capacitate elementary school children on environmental communication and advocacy. This research aimed to draw out the environmental worldview of the children through illustrations, imaginations and discussions. The drawings and discussion of students will be reviewed and analysed through a phenomenographic approach. This research focused on the Dayap Elementary School, Calauan, Laguna. This research illustrated the value of involving children and empowering them to be actively part in environmental communication. Based on the reflection of the children on the phenomenon, it can be concluded that despite their young age, the children have a clear view of the various disasters and environmental problems as well as some ways to mitigate its effects. Similar research in other areas can be done to help in understanding the children’s view given the diverse culture and environmental landscape. Keywords: Environmental Communication, environmental worldview, phenomenographic approach, earth ambassadors, disaster management, Philippines
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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composed by
Randy A. Tudy
IAMURE hymn 40
International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
IAMURE
Personnel DR. GENARO V. JAPOS President genarojapos@gmail.com +63 917 7035283
KAYE HAZEL N. ABAO Executive Editor kayzelchin@gmail.com +63 905 8996667
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LALAINE C. PLAZA Office Manager and Document Control Officer lalaineplaza@gmail.com +63 917 7217448
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DZAN MICHAEL C. MIﾃ前ZA Purchasing Officer and Membership Specialist dzanminoza@gmail.com +63 917 7171841
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International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
IAMURE Member Institutions Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology Cagayan State University - Sanchez Mira Cebu Normal University
Negros Oriental State University Philippine Normal University-Agusan Campus S.T.I.E. Perbanas
Central Mindanao University
San Isidro College
Davao Central College
San Pedro College
Davao Doctors College
Southern Leyte State University
De La Salle - Lipa Guimaras State College Holy Cross Davao College
St. Peter’s College - Iligan City Surigao del Sur State University Universidad de Zamboanga
John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation - Bacolod
University of Bohol
John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - MOLO
University of Cebu
La Consolacion College - Bacolod Leyte Normal University Liceo de Cagayan University Lyceum of the Philippines – Batangas Misamis University Pamatasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
University of Immaculate Concepcion University of Mindanao University of Northern Philippines University of San Jose-Recoletos Jose Rizal Memorial State University Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba
Philippine clients of IAMURE • Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies • Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology • Ajuy National High School • AMA Computer College-Davao • Ateneo de Davao University • Ateneo de Manila University • Ateneo de Naga University • Ayungon National High School • Basakan Elementary School • Basilan State College • Bataan Peninsula State University • Batangas State University, ARASOF Nasugbu • Benguet State University • Bicol University • Bohol Island State University • Bukidnon State University • Cagayan State University • Cagayan State University - Sanchez Mira • Capitol University • Capiz State University • Caraga State University • Carlos Hilado Memorial State College • Cebu Institute of Technology – University • Cebu Normal University • Cebu Technological Univerisity-Barili Campus • Cebu Technological University • Central Bicol State University of Agriculture • Central Bicol State University of Agriculture-Sipocot • Central Mindanao University • Central Philippines State Unviersity • Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod • Consolacion Community College • CorJesu College • Daniel Mercado Medical Center Institute of Health Science • Davao Central College • Davao Doctors College • Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology • De La Salle Lipa • De La Salle University - Taft • Department of Education-Division of Cagayan de Oro City • Department of Social Welfare and Development Regional Field Office IV-A • Department of Education-Division of Leyte • Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University • Father Saturnino Urios University • Guimaras State College • Holy Cross Davao College • Holy Name University
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• Iligan Medical Center College • Iloilo State College of Fisheries-Dumangas • Isabela State University • Isabela State University San Mateo Campus • John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation - Bacolod • John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Arevalo • John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Molo • Jose Rizal Memorial State University • Kalinga-Apayao State College • La Consolacion College - Bacolod • La Consolacion University • La Salle University – Ozamiz • Leyte Normal University • Liceo de Cagayan University • Lyceum of the Philippines University-Batangas • Macabalan National High School • Malinao National High School • Manila Times College • Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital College • Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology • Mindanao University of Science and Technology • Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology – Calapan City Campus • Misamis University • Mountain View College • National Museum of the Philippines • Natom National High School • Negros Oriental State University • Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology • Nueva Vizcaya State University • Occidental Mindoro State College • Our Lady of Fatima University • Palawan State University • Pamantasanng Lungsod ng Maynila • Pamantasanng Lungsod ng Valenzuela • Partido State University • Philippine Christian University • Philippine Normal University • Philippine Normal University - Agusan Campus • Philippine Rice Research Institute • Polytechnic University of the Philippines • Quirino State College • Ramon Magsaysay Technological University • Saint Louis University • Samar State University • San Agustin Institute of Technology • San Pedro College • San Isidro College
International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology, and Conservation 2014 The Venetian Macao, Macau, China • February 13-14, 2014
• Silliman University • Siquijor State College • Sorsogon State College • Southern Leyte State University • Southern Leyte State University-Tomas Oppus • Southern Luzon State University-Lucban • Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology • Southern Philippines Medical Center • Southwestern University • St. Mary’s University • St. Paul University • St. Peter’s College - Iligan CIty • St. Therese-MTC Colleges • Surigao del Sur State University • Surigao State College of Technology • Surigao State College of Technology – Del Carmen Campus • Systems Plus College Foundation • Tarlac State University • Universidad de Zamboanga • University of Antique • University of Baguio • University of Bohol • University of Cebu • University of Immaculate Concepcion • University of Mindanao • University of Northern Philippines • University of Saint Louis-Tuguegarao • University of San Carlos • University of San Jose Recoletos • University of Santo Tomas • University of Southeastern Philippines • University of Southern Mindanao • University of Southern Philippines Foundation • University of the Cordilleras • University of the Immaculate Conception • University of the Philippines - Baguio • University of the Philippines - Cebu • University of the Philippines - Manila • University of the Philippines Los Baños • Wesleyan University • West Visayas State University • Western Mindanao State University • Western Philippines University • Western Visayas College of Science and Technology • Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan
Theme: A Changing World, Our Survival ISSN: 2094-9529
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