ICHER 2014 by IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research

University of Lagos, Akoka Nigeria

CHEW FONG PENG University of Malaya, Malaysia

DJUWARI

STIE Perbanas Surabaya Indonesia

GAURANG RAMI

Veer Narmad South Gujarat University India

KEN KAWASAKI

Kochi University of Technology Japan

JIA YAN

Högskolan Dalarna Sweden

THITIMA BOONCHAREAN Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University Thailand

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

vision & mission

country representatives

ADESOJI ADEOLU ONI

vision We are the world’s leading scientific, multidisciplinary and professional research organization.

mission We commit ourselves to: • Implement an ISO certified Quality Management System for higher customer satisfaction of global clients; • Establish an effective evaluation system for journal publications of the member institutions; • Organize international research conferences for global dissemination and utilization of new scientific knowledge; • Recognize researchers and institutions for their achievements in research and publications; and, • Publish discipline-specific and multidisciplinary research journals for the world.

Contents

02 IAMURE Book of Abstracts and Conference Proceedings 03 IAMURE International Journals 04 Messages

12 Conference Programme 14 ICHER 2014 Awards 19 Board of Judges 20 Keynote Speeches 32 Essays 39 Synthesis of Abstracts

41 Paper Presentations Day 1 47 Paper Presentations Day 2 52 IAMURE HYMN 53 IAMURE Personnel 55 IAMURE Member Institutions 56 Philippine Clients of IAMURE

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

IAMURE book of

Abstracts and Conference Proceedings

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton 路 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 路 February 25-26, 2014

IAMURE

International Journals

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Welcome to IAMURE in Malaysia!

ith the theme New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education, IAMURE boldly addresses the issue of new ways of thinking to solve old problems in education. We have chosen the Ritz Carlton, an imposing landmark in the sprawling metropolis of Kuala Lumpur as the setting of our International Conference in Higher Education Research.

messages

MESSAGES

I wish to congratulate the winners for our World Research Awards because by their examples, we draw our inspiration to do better each time. I am grateful to Dr Chew Fong Peng, the country representative from Malaysia for the leadership in assisting this conference.

We now have a IAMURE Hymn composed by Dr. Randy Tudy. It had a world premiere at the Venetian Macao just this month during the International Conference on Climate Change, Ecology and Conservation. Our IAMURE journals gave birth to a new one, the Journal of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Studies. I wish to congratulate Dr. Judilynn Solidum, the Editor in Chief. New institutions joined IAMURE , the Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba bringing the count to 34 in two and a half years.

GENARO V. JAPOS President, IAMURE

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton 路 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 路 February 25-26, 2014

armest greetings of love and peace from Jose Rizal Memorial State University to all the participants of the 2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research 2014.

It has always been a challenge for every academic institution to deliver the highest quality of education possible to its clienteles. Thus, we have never stopped from harnessing every student for them to suit to the needs of the time and become responsive to the global demand for holistically developed individuals who are not only equipped with knowledge but also armed with the skills and values.

Jose Rizal Memorial State University is one with you in the quest towards realizing the valued vision and mission of this gathering.

EDGAR S. BALBUENA, Ed.D, FfUP University President PASUC Regional Chair, Region IX

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

MESSAGES

The International Association of Multidisciplinary Research (IAMURE) has always been in the vanguard of spreading awareness through its various researches and journals in the different disciplines. These have truly contributed to a better understanding of certain issues and concerns beleaguering us day by day that redound to a more efficient and effective approach of dealing things as it actually comes across us.

messages

This conference, with the theme: â&#x20AC;&#x153;New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Educationâ&#x20AC;? would certainly be a great avenue to continue honing ourselves through the research discoveries and best practices in education. In this way, we would continue to realize our vision of forging partnership and collaboration among ourselves as we strive to reach our goal of providing the best higher education for our people.

messages

MESSAGES

would like to take this opportunity to extend my warmest felicitations to the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research and IAMURE for another laudable undertaking. The International Conference on Higher Education Research 2014 is being held at a time when higher education is undergoing dramatic change everywhere. It seems that the early 21st century is the “perfect storm” of external pressures and internal responses. The current period may provide a chance for significant reform and change, although the pressures could overwhelm already stretched academic institutions. We live in a time of great change, an increasingly global society, driven by the exponential growth of new knowledge and knitted together by rapidly evolving information and communication technologies. It is a time of challenge and contradiction, as an ever increasing human population threatens global sustainability; a global, knowledge driven economy places a new premium on technological workforce skills through phenomena such as outsourcing and off shoring. Yet it is also a time of unusual opportunity and optimism as new technologies not only improve the human condition but also enable the creation and flourishing of new communities and social institutions more capable of addressing the needs of our society. The theme “New Paradigm for New Outcomes in Higher Education “- is powerful image that reflects the commitment of higher institutions of learning to the synergistic goals excellence and equity that must be the overarching purpose of such institutions. Success requires that the institution’s commitment be genuine; that it not only talks the talk but also consistently walks the walk. This commitment must be evident in the institution’s mission statement, its catalogue of course offerings, its admissions and hiring policies, its student life programs, and its community and public relations efforts. It must be seen and sensed at all levels of the institution for it to be deemed true. The changing nature of higher education and that of its clients, namely students, due to shifting demographics, economic paradigms, technological innovations and patterns of learning, in turn suggest that higher education reforms are sorely needed to cope with the demands foisted upon universities by the advent of the knowledge-based economy. As economies become increasingly sophisticated and the commodification of knowledge more prevalent, institutions of higher education need to re-evaluate their roles and strategies as purveyors of knowledge beyond the existing educational frameworks. The constant ebb and flow in higher education paradigms is closely entwined in the modern era with transformations that constantly occur in the politico-economic sphere. The recent changes from a production-consumption model to a knowledge-based model have necessitated a concomitant shift in the delivery systems of the capitalist economy of which the university is an important component. When previously the university was an exogenous extension of the economic model, now it has become a part of the endogenous core. The twin impacts of globalisation and technological advances have forced universities to devise innovative strategies and systems to maintain their foothold on the educational landscape. . Futures scenario is an imperative for our survival as it allows us to mapout where we are heading and what are the software and hardware we should equip ourselves with in order to confront the challenges ahead. In behalf of the LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE BACOLOD Community, our best wishes for the success of this second International Conference on Higher Education Research. More Power! SISTER MARIA MYRNA S.T. CONCEPCION, OSA President La Consolacion College Bacolod

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

y congratulations to IAMURE and the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research (PAIR) for hosting the 2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research.

Your theme “New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education” comes as an apt reminder for us as we get swayed by sweeping changes in the academe now. Foremost of which is the educational reforms being exerted by the thrusts of Outcomes-based Education or OBE. As we prepare our students, equipped with the 21st century skills, for the future, we cannot help but talk about newer vistas that would eventually lead to newer ways of doing things. I hope the conference arrive at concrete outcomes that would contribute to newer ways of teaching and learning—such that these would lead to better outcomes our better selves deserve. Again, congratulations to PAIR and IAMURE! Keep the fire burning.

MESSAGES

REV. FR. HONORATO C. CASTIGADOR, O.P. Rector and President Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba Calamba City, Laguna

y warmest greetings to the International Association of Multidisciplinary Research (IAMURE) and Philippine Association of Institutions for Research (PAIR) in gathering together global researchers for another milestone in knowledge management for this 2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) which will be held at the Ritz-Carlton, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on February 2426. The conference theme that goes, “New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education” is a great contribution and highly relevant in the present times. Researchers share new knowledge, solutions and innovations in advancing the educational frontiers. It reflects the organizations’ zest in promoting multidisciplinary research findings and outputs among higher educational institutions across borders. My deepest appreciation as well to the founder and president of PAIR and IAMURE, Dr. Genaro Japos on his persistent commitment on actualizing excellent opportunities among professionals to raise the bar of education on sharing new knowledge through research findings. May our unceasing collaboration, collegial connections and research findings bring us to greater heights in our service to the local and global communities. Congratulations to all members and participants of this conference. God bless!

VICTORIANO B. TIROL, JR. President University of Bohol Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Dear Colleagues: Greetings from Japan!

messages

MESSAGES

ongratulations for the 2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research. I am convinced that the conference theme “New Paradigm for New Outcomes in Higher Education” acquires greater importance in the present day from the viewpoint of enhancement of mutual-understandings between the non-West and the West. Owing to today’s development in communications through the internet, for example, it is incredibly easy for participants in higher education to cross cultural borders between the non-West and the West whose philosophical tradition consists of a series of footnotes to Plato. As a result of easy cultural border-crossing the participants unwittingly take it for granted that they think their thoughts in the same way that the West tradition of philosophy has enhanced since Plato. The point is those participants who do not (or cannot) identify themselves with the linear successors to the West tradition of philosophy, just like me. Sometimes, it is difficult for me to realize which way I adopt in my own thoughts, the Western or the traditional Japanese. This may arouse conceptual confusion in my thinking, I am always afraid. If the participants in higher education share such conceptual confusion, problems associated with this confusion obstruct mutualunderstandings between the non-West and the West through higher education. I think that an aspect of “New Paradigm for New Outcomes in Higher Education” can be understood to deepen mutual-understandings. I believe that all presentations at this conference will make great contributions not only to mutual-understandings but also to self-understandings that can enhance mutual-understandings. Best wishes,

KEN KAWASAKI Kochi University of Technology, Japan

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

am very happy to learn that IAMURE is organizing 2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) which will be held at the Ritz Carlton, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in collaboration with Philippine Association of Institutions for Research (PAIR). I congratulate the organizers for selecting conference theme as ‘New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education’. I believe that conference theme is very relevant and need of the present time.

I remain indebted to Dr. Genaro V. Japos, President, IAMURE & PAIR and Mr. Michael C. Chaves, Research Conference Specialist, IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research for providing me this unique opportunity to be part of this event. I congratulate them for organizing series of conferences on variety of relevant topics across the globe on regular intervals. I am witnessed of their dedicated, hardworking, sincere and committed team. I wish the conference a grand success. Sincerely,

GAURANG RAMI Associate Professor Veer Narmad South Gujarat University Gujarat, India

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

MESSAGES

I express my sincere gratitude and profound thanks to the researcher participants and esteemed speakers in this conference from bottom of my heart to be a part of this extremely important and wonderful event. I wish that the participants of the conference will have fruitful deliberations on the various selected themes and this conference will provide them platform to express their ideas, exchange their views and interact with the researchers’ fraternity across the globe and policy makers under the roof of IAMURE and PAIR.

messages

The importance of education and its contribution to socio-economic development of a nation is well recognized by a number of researches especially in the field of economics of education. Higher education is considered as a public good, which produces a huge set of economic, social, cultural, demographic, and political externalities. Investment in higher education is a vital contribution to accelerating the process and rate of economic growth, by increasing human productivity. Therefore, higher education is regarded as crucial to the progress of developing countries, and their ability to compete in the global economy. Higher Education is viewed as a long-term social investment for the promotion of economic growth, culture, social cohesion, equity and justice.

The Honorable Guests and Participants of ICHER 2014,

s a participant and a member of IAMURE, first of all, I would like say “welcome to this international conference hosted by IAMURE and PAIR, February 25-26, 2014” in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. I would also like to express my high appreciation and gratitude to all of you in this forum. Most of all, I have to thank to the president of IAMURE and PAIR, and also to the committee of ICHER 2014 for giving me a chance to deliver this message.

messages

MESSAGES

Ladies and Gentlemen Today, we are gathering in a very prestigious moment with a great agenda for broadening our knowledge and widening our horizon through discussion on the selected topics both in panel and concurrent sessions in this conference. All these topics are supposed to be derived from the theme of our international conference that is “New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education.” We will have much wider and more extended landscape of horizon due to the curiosity and our being insatiable for pursuing knowledge and more sophisticated strategy in education and learning process. And, that is one of our characteristics to be the real intellectuals. as:

Again, as it is referred to the theme of this conference, we have some objectives such 1) Exchange research discoveries and best practices in education; 2) Cross-pollinate researchers to reinvent higher education system for being responsive and accountable to the needs of the time; 3) Recognize meritorious achievements of researchers and leaders as source of inspiration across the world; 4) Forge collaboration among research institutions and researchers for new partnerships and collaboration.

All the above objectives will become our good quality habit if we can finally grab our opportunities to be well acknowledged, updated, recognized, and incorporated among us. All these activities are the intellectual web connecting all the members and participants to the latest updated science and technology development, which in fact, is all well related to our profession of being intellectuals and researchers. The on-going process for having mastered all the materials related to our fields of science or disciplines can be gained through such academic endeavors. All these have been depicted in the objectives derived from the theme of our international conference today. Ladies and Gentlemen It is now our good opportunity in this conference for exchanging our ideas, sharing our experiences, reinventing our education systems so that we can be not only responsive

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

but also accountable to and proactive towards the needs of the present condition in our own countries specifically, and in our global circumstance in general. In that perspective, we all must be responsive and accountable to as well as proactive to cope with the problems dealing with our profession: as scientists, researchers, and educators as well as intellectuals. For that reason, the theme selected in this international conference is our highest level of academic achievement provided that we can achieve all the objectives in this conference.

Being acknowledged means the participants whose articles are published will be recognized by the readers worldwide. This is one of the objectives depicted in this theme. Being updated means that the members or participants or the readers can make use of the research articles published for making us inspired with what to do next for further research related to the present problems in the real condition. All in all, the theme of the conference we selected today is our basic concept for measuring to what extent we have reached our highest level of being the real intellectuals. Ladies and gentlemen Have a nice conference, with the beneficial discussion for our better future related to our profession. Thank you very much. DR. DJUWARI Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy (JEBAV), STIE Perbanas Surabaya; Editorial Board member of IAMURE academic journals; Chair of International Accreditation of Academic Journals (IAAJ) for Asean Region

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

MESSAGES

Through such discussions and sharing together in this forum, I am sure that we can get some ideas and inspiration with some beneficial research products. These research products will be disseminated through our journal publications, thus, it can also make us both acknowledged and updated every time.

messages

I believe that there have been problems coming up in our national education systems, in our own countries. I also believe that all of us coming here have brought all these problems and analyzed them through research which we have done based on our own situation and condition. Particularly, we have done all the innovations in our colleges or universities. I believe that the results of these research products can be shared and digested together in this forum. By doing so, we can finally get the gist of the discussion related to the new strategies, methodologies, techniques, and some sophisticated research instruments being employed for future studies on education system. And, that is reinventing.

programme 2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) THE RITZ-CARLTON, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA February 25-26, 2014 Conference Programme Theme: “New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education.” Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 8:01 – 8:30 a.m. Registration

PROGRAMME

8:31 – 9:00 a.m.

Morning Break

9:50 – 10:04 a.m. Awarding Ceremonies Outstanding World Researchers SHREEMATHI S. MAYYA Manipal University, India MAHESHVARI NAIDU University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Outstanding Researcher of the Philippines EMMA V. SAGARINO University of the Immaculate Conception, Philippines Outstanding Researcher of Indonesia YULIASIH Airlangga State University, Indonesia

9:01 – 9:05 a.m.

Video Presentation: The Ritz-Carlton, Outstanding Research Leader of the Philippines Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia LEAH ECHAVEZ PILONGO University of Bohol, Philippines 9:06 – 9:10 a.m. Invocation 10:05 – 10:15 a.m. Presentation of Delegates by Country 9:11 – 9:18 a.m. National Anthem of Malaysia and Pictorials with the Guest of Honor National Anthem of the Philippines Philippines Indonesia National Anthem of Indonesia Malaysia India South Africa Qatar 9:19 – 9:25 a.m. IAMURE Hymn University of Malaya Hymn 10:16 – 10:25 a.m. Exchanging of Gifts 9:26 – 9:33 a.m. Opening Remarks DR. GENARO V. JAPOS President, IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research 9:34 – 9:41 a.m.

10:26 – 10:30 a.m. Oath Taking Ceremony of new IAMURE Members 10:31 – 10:38 a.m. Message YULIASIH Airlangga State University, Indonesia

Message HON. (MR.) JOSE EDUARDO E. MALAYA III Ambassador, Philippine Embassy in 10:39 – 10:46 a.m. Message Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia OSAMA EL-HAFY Qatar University, Qatar 9:42 – 9:49 a.m. Malaysia Declaration: Synthesis of Abstracts 10:47 – 10:54 a.m. Message RANDY A. TUDY RENAN P. LIMJUCO Dean of Graduate Studies, Research Director, University of the Immaculate Cor Jesu College, Philippines Conception, Philippines

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

10:55 – 11:04 a.m.

Artistic Performances MAHESHVARI NAIDU University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

BERNADETH LUAYON GERODIAS Southern Philippines Medical Center, Philippines 11:05 – 11:44 a.m. Keynote Speech 1: Research and Innovation University Development: The Way toward World University for University of Malaya CHEW FONG PENG Senior Lecturer, Department of Language and Literacy Education University of Malaya, Malaysia Video Presentation of IAMURE past Conferences

11:51 – 1:00 p.m.

LUNCHBREAK

1:01 – 5:50 p.m.

International Paper Presentations

Master of Ceremonies: EMMA V. SAGARINO University of the Immaculate Conception, Philippines Day 2 Feb. 26, 2014 8:01 – 8:30 a.m.

Registration

8:31 – 9:00 a.m. Morning Break/ Video Presentation of IAMURE Conferences 9:01 – 9:05 a.m.

Invocation

9:06 – 9:13 a.m.

National Anthem of India National Anthem of Qatar National Anthem of South Africa

9:14 – 9:16 a.m. IAMURE Hymn 9:17 – 9:24 a.m. Opening Remarks LUCILA E. ABSULIO Southern Luzon State University, Philippines 9:25 – 9:32 a.m. Message DJUWARI Director of Language Laboratory STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia

9:41 – 10:20 a.m. Keynote Speech 2: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education SHREEMATHI S. MAYYA Associate Professor, University Department of Statistics Manipal University, India 10:21 – 10:30 a.m. Artistic Performances RENAN P. LIMJUCO University of the Immaculate Conception, Philippines MICHAEL MYKO C. CHAVES IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research

PROGRAMME

11:45 – 11:50 a.m.

9:33 – 9:40 a.m. Message BERNADETH LUAYON GERODIAS Southern Philippines Medical Center, Philippines

10:31 – 10:45 a.m. Awarding Ceremonies Asian Musical Composition Award Outstanding World Peer Rviewer Distinguished World Book Award Best Abstract Awards IAMURE World Publication Awards World Artistic Performance Awards 10:46 – 11:25 a.m. Keynote Speech 3: International Student Movement(s) as a Critical Vector of Mobility in Higher Education: Critical Ethnography in Education and the Issue of Language MAHESHVARI NAIDU University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 11:26 – 11:40 a.m. Pictorials 11:41 – 1:30 p.m. LUNCHBREAK 1:01 – 5:20 p.m.

International Paper Presentations

5:21 – 5:40 p.m.

Awarding of Certificates

Master of Ceremonies: RANDY A. TUDY Cor Jesu College, Philippines

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014)

message

Outstanding World Researchers SHREEMATHI S. MAYYA Manipal University, India H-index: 3

MAHESHVARI NAIDU

University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa H-index: 2

Outstanding Researcher of the Philippines EMMA V. SAGARINO

University of the Immaculate Conception Philippines

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton 路 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 路 February 25-26, 2014

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014)

Outstanding Researcher of Indonesia YULIASIH

message

Airlangga State University Indonesia

Outstanding Research Leader of the Philippines LEAH ECHAVEZ PILONGO

University of Bohol Philippines

Outstanding World Peer Reviewer RENAN P. LIMJUCO

University of the Immaculate Conception Philippines

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014)

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Distinguished World Book Award

Title of the Book: The Road to Prosperity: 10 Practical Tips on How to Prosper without losing your Soul

RANDY A. TUDY

CorJesu College, Philippines

IAMURE World Publication Award Pearl SONI HARSONO

STIE Perbanas Surabaya Indonesia

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton 路 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 路 February 25-26, 2014

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014)

Best Abstract Awards Best Abstract for Education Title of Study:Academic Performance and LET Ratings of Teachers College Graduates, University of Bohol

LEAH ECHAVEZ PILONGO University of Bohol, Philippines

Title of Study:The Use of Social Media Platforms for Classroom Instruction

CATHERINE R. ALIMBOYONG

Surigao del Sur State University, Philippines

Best Abstract for Science

message

Best Abstract forSocial Science

Title of Study: Profiling the Effects of Campus Noise Intensities to the Academic Activities of the Learners

RENAN P. LIMJUCO

University of the Immaculate Conception, Philippines

Best Abstract for Ecology and Conservation

Title of Study: Evaluation of Municipal Solid Wastes Utilization in Organic Fertilizer Production Using Bioreactor-Vermi Technology

ARISTON O. RONQUILLO

Surigao del Sur State University, Philippines

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014)

message

World Artistic Performers MAHESHVARI NAIDU University of KwaZulu-Natal South Africa

BERNADETH LUAYON GERODIAS

Southern Philippines Medical Center Philippines

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton 路 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 路 February 25-26, 2014

RENAN P. LIMJUCO

University of the Immaculate Conception Philippines

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014)

Board of Judges INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR.

University of the Philippines Open University Philippines

Veer Narmad South Gujarat University India

JUDILYNN N. SOLIDUM

University of the Philippines â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Manila Philippines

KEN KAWASAKI

Kochi University of Technology Japan

ADESOJI ADEOLU ONI

message

GAURANG RAMI

University of Lagos Nigeria

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Keynote Speech 1 Research and Innovation University Development: The Way toward World University for University of Malaya CHEW FONG PENG fpchew@um.edu.my University of Malaya Introducation Since the turn of the new century, there have been drastic impact from economic globalization, advances in information technology, international market competition, and rapidly increasing local socio-political demands on nearly country in the world. Facing up these impacts and challenges, numerous education reforms have been initiated in the Asia-Pacific region specially and other places generally (Cheng & Townsend, 2000). Almost all the universities are competing to be the world class university in the new era. In this regards, the university management play a vital role in determining the direction of the university in future. Factors of University Development A review of literature suggests that some crucial factors to be considered for university development are the availability of academic expertise (Clark, 1983; Dill Sporn, 1995), infrastructure (Micheal, 1997; Perkins, 1972), scientific and technological progress (Jasbir 1991; Dill & Sporn, 1995; Hussin, 1996b), global trend in higher education (Micheal, 1997; Kivinen & Rinne, 1991), and financial allocation (Hussien, 2001; Jasbir, 1991; Ylijoki, 2003). Academic expertise available within a university can influence the rate of university of development. If there are many experts and professors available to run faculties, then there will be a stronger credibility and expansion of study programs. Apart from that, the availability of a pool of professors and experts will also facilitate accreditation and increase research projects and publications (Hussin, 1996a). Besides, sufficient and high quality infrastructure is vital for university development; as such university managers should ensure that ample and suitable learning and instructional resources are made available to academic staff and students. High quality infrastructure is related to effectiveness and efficiency of education in the classrooms and laboratories, thereby ensuring high quality of

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton 路 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 路 February 25-26, 2014

graduates (Micheal, 1997; Perkins, 1972). The reputation of a university also greatly depends on the sufficiency and quality of infrastructure for student services as well as for management processes. In the cutting-edge, advancements in knowledge and innovations in technology made in one part of the world could influence the growth and development of universities in other parts of the world, particularly in the fields of science, medicine, engineering, and liberal arts (Dill & Sporn, 1995; Jasbir, 1991; Hussin, 1996a). This is because scholars and researchers in various fields and disciplines share knowledge advancement via journals and books, or via the Internet. Trends and developments in higher education in advanced countries have constantly affected the landscape of higher education in many other parts of the world, especially in the developing countries (Kerr 1990). It is learning via comparison and benchmarking. For instance, the US academic and management model of universities has been borrowed by many developing countries in the last five decades, including countries such as Malaysia, Korea, Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand (Kivinen & Rinne, 1991; Micheal, 1997). Today, universities form partnerships and collaborations at the local and international level to strengthen their position and improve their quality in academic and management matters (Micheal, 1997). Furthermore, among many factors, financial strength is the most critical factor for university sustainability and development. Budget cuts or shrinking budget could lend a heavy blow to a university. The consequences are many: downsizing of management and faculties, slower and fewer research projects, brain drain, and higher tuition fees. This situation equally applies to state universities that are dependent on government allocations as well as private universities that are dependent on grants and contributions (Hussien, 2001; Micheal, 1997; Ylijoki, 2003).

Internationalization of Malaysian Tertiary Institutions Knowledge is the heart of the university. The main roles of a university is to produce and disseminate knowledge. The dilemma faced by many universities to how to perform the dual tasks of generating new knowledge through research and imparting existing knowledge through teching. The long established view is that research and teaching should go hand in hand in universities. However, with the massification of higher education in many modern countries, there are widespread major forces that are pulling the research-teaching nexus apart. Bagley (2002) called ‘a marital relationship’, ‘an impending divorce’ and ‘a scholarly relationship’ between teaching and research. In Malaysia, there is the emergence of a research drift where a long list of reserch institutes have been set up to carry outresearch on specific areas such as dengue fever, palm oil, rubber, microorganism, microelectronic system, strategic and international studies, economies and other areas. Concurrently, there is also a teaching drift for many newer universities that only focus on teaching and do very little research. Most of these universities are mainly private universities (Advisory Committee to the Vice-Chancellor on World Class Programmes, 2004). To reverse this trend, the Malaysian government has identified five of the older universities to be designated as research universities, namely: University of Malaya (UM), National University of Malaysia (UKM), Science University of Malaysia (USM), Putra University of Malaysia (UPM) and Technology University of Malaysia (UTM). The emergence of research universities implie a striking commitment to the performance of research within higher education, especially in contrast to the placement of reserch in government research institutes and research enterprises in industrial settings. Research and innovation is the key to success in achieving academic excellence. It is a pivotal or prime key index to determine academic staffs competitiveness and the ranking of a university in the world standing, respectively. Therefore, the altimate goal of any university that wish to achieve such standing must lay down a very strong groundwork for all academic staffs to follow and work very hard to achieve and sustain the excellence as there is no boon or free meal without working hard. Quality researh and innovations from university will definitely benefits the nation. The country’s highest-ranking institution in the 2012/13 QS World University Rankings is Universiti Malaya (UM) at 156. Also in the world’s top 500 are Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (261), Universiti Sains Malaysia (326), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (358) Universiti Putra Malaysia (360), and International Islamic University Malaysia (The Star Online, June 11, 2013). The six indicators included academic peer review, employer reputation review, international faculty ratio, international

student ratio, student faculty ratio, and citations per faculty and overall weightings. In this regard, UM was the bestperforming Malaysian university in both the academic and employer reputation surveys. Regardless of the ranking, USM is the only APEX University in Malaysia, a special status accorded by the Ministry of Higher Education. The APEX (Accelerated Programme for Excellence) agenda among others is to propel the university to be one of the best institutions of higher learning in the world. USM is also the premium Research Intensive University in the country and has adopted an innovative approach to higher education, departing from the traditional faculty system to the broadbased school system. Henceforth, it is the responsibility of all academic staffs of university to achieve academic excellence through research and innovation since university has laid down the direction as state very clearly for all its staffs to follow. Some public universities in Malaysia posses the criteria and potentials to be rank top in the world, especially University of Malay to be estimated ro be ranked among the 100 best universities by year 2015 and world class university by 2020. The thousands of academic staffs comprised of all discipline and expertise were the intellectual academic assets of public unviersities that could spur further public univesities in Malaysia as research, innovation and entrepereneurial excellence research or APEX university as of today. Research and innovation conducted by the university academic staffs would eventually commercialized and all invention which inpact the society and nation will be patent and it is the tool to show proof that the quality of university’s academic staffs are well balanced. That is so because research and innovation which leads to commecialization of invention in terms of process or products could also lead to new venture creation in the world market which is always in demand. It also will definitely convince new and dynamic emergence of all disciplines, inter-discpline or trans-discipline of all academic fields which will create new industry for the nation and such notion is the same as the creation of the world topmost interdisciplinary research to earn such accolade. University academic staffs when achieving their academic excellence would not only conduct a good pedagogical develiry to the students but also becomes academic research leadership in terms of leading in their field of expertise and in consultative position. By doing so, this would bring public universities in Malaysia up to a further growth and achievement in education. University academic circle always will take a positive approach in internationalization and research leadership excellence. This will help support to move the university forward the whole system for such excellence such as APEX university in which many public unversities in

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Malaysia aim and move along the right path to achieve it by Year 2015. To spur for further growth, public universities in Malaysia need to first look into its own system to determine the high standard and achievement in the university itself. Administrators in any university are considered as successful when they managed to sustain high performance and productivity in the development of their university. By doing so, teamwork and collective performance are needed in the effort of promoting remarkable services. Beach (1980) suggested that departments in any university should manage their human resources thoroughly. This is to make sure that the workforce will be able to utilize their knowledge and skills towards a better management. Thus, the primary objective in the development of university is to achieve a holistic development. Managerial Perspective There are several critical elements in the managerial perspective. One has to have good education which includes excellent leadership skills and knowledgeable. Among other elements are work environment and amicable public relations among administrators within organizations and other public sectors. These factors are considered critical as professionalism and productivity are the essence of management. In any university, workforce and human resources is the key in developing the university. Nisbitt (1994) listed ten characteristics in restructuring a university. These traits are applicable in any situations; quality, intuitive beliefs, ideal leadership aptitude and gratuity towards the productivity. When a university outlined its policies, the guiding principles are proposed based on the national development policy. Thus, the culture of knowledge, excellence, leadership and management skills are part of the policy. However, human relations are the most important aspect for the managements of any university since society and environment have evolved through time. The quality of its administrative fraternity before it can expand its industry link. When there is the indusry link, not only for the commercialization of new finding but it is important for a research university to be able to cooperate with them in the cooperative research agreement between the university’s academic staffs and the local or foreign firms commitments towards cooperation. The facility for research funding is not only internal but also external. As a research university, money spent for conducting researches on all the discipline by academic staffs do fetch new findings at new patents. There new findings or inventions are of high commercial value which could benefit the well-being of the society and nation. For example, the funding of research or grants for the 10th

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

Malaysian Plan facilitates academic excellence among the academic staffs and enable them to take this opportunities to conduct the high inpact researches. In this regard, Higher Education Minister of Malaysia has approved a whopping RM178.4 million for 1,022 research grants under phase one of the Tenth Malaysia Plan (10MP). The allocation of money is for public institutions (IPTA), private institutions (IPTS), research institutes and Polytechnic udies Department. It is part of the RM741million research fund allocated to the ministry, a 260% rise from the amount received under the Ninth Malaysian Plan (Higher Education Advisor, 2011). The ministry has restructured research funds by creating four new research grants: Exploratory Research Grant Scheme (ERGS); Long-Term Research Grant Scheme (LRGS); Prototype Development Research Grant Scheme (PRGS); and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS). Seven high-impact research thrust areas had been identified which involved five universities with grants up to RM38 million for five years. They are Infectious Diseases (University Malaya, UM); Tropical Medicine (University Sains Malaysia, USM); Energy and Water Security (USM); Global Warming (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM); Technology Communication, and Information (UKM); Food Safety (University Putra Malaysia-UPM); and Advanced Manufacturing and Added Value (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM). However, the academic staffs from all the involved universities are encouraged to cooperate in the area that they are interested. Therefore, all academic staffs from public universities in Malaysia staffs should take the opportunities to conduct high inpact research which are of national interest. This could not contribute to achieving the scholarly merit for individual but also prosperity for the university and the nation. This effort will also inspire others who are in the academic circle to seek out for academic exellence and moving Malaysia as a top developing country at par with Germany and Japan. To be able to stay competitive with other peers in research and innovation in the university, research and innovative academic leaders in the university must also advocate good and high leadership quality and display leadership skills. Leadership skills are one of the critical components in research and innovation. A top-notch leader possesses the ability to strategize and supervize the operation of the organization. In addition, when an academic leader manages to take charge of the management of research and innovation without hassle, organization will be developed holistically (Helen, 2004). Thus, an effective leadership equals to profitable productivity. Nye (2008: xi) defined “leaders as those who help a group create and achieve shared goals. Some try to impose their own goals, others derive them more from the group, but

leaders mobilize people to reach those objectives. Leadership is a social relationship with three key components â&#x20AC;&#x201C; leaders, followers, and the contexts in which they interactâ&#x20AC;?. Thus, administration is a two-pronged system in which solutions are offered and objectives are executed. Therefore, research administrator is an individual who creates a conducive working environment for his research and innovative staffs to strive towards excellence. The roles that a research and innovation academic leaderships play and the expectations of others towards them reflect new forms of organization. The research university as an organization needs good academic excellence leadership to administer. The organization structure must be formally practiced in order to monitor high quality in every program in the research and innovative university This is because any significant changes in the system can be traced down that eventually will lead to the restructuring of public relations among the academic leadership administrators and academic staffs. This is a vital aspect since holistic development can be achieved if these two parties work hand in hand. As Chapman (2001) suggested that position and responsibilities are less static and more open-ended, and the familiar boundaries distinguishing upper, middle and lower level academic leadeship are being redrawn because academic leadership in the new form of organization does much more and they are also active as the architects of organizational arrangements linking people, opportunities and resources. In the aspect of clientele, administration that is structurally oriented is favorable. With the help of advanced technology, administration can delegate tasks accordingly; optimize the supervision and reorganize the activities for the benefits of their clients. Customers and markets have an immediate impact on the work of academic leadership and the survival of the research and innovative university depend on how well research academic leadership can identify or create market opportunities and then provide services and goods which satisfy in areas of quality, variety, availability and price. These are the outputs of transformation processes in the supreme university such as public universities in Malaysia. UM Strategy Plan to Become the World Top University As an oldest and the best university in Malaysia, University Malaya (UM) has its vision and mission as below: Vision: To be an internationally renowned institution of higher learning in research, innovation, publication and teaching. Mission: To advance knowledge and learning through quality research and education for the nation and for humanity.

Therefore, the University of Malaya intends to undertake teaching and learning, conduct research and services of quality, generate and advance knowledge through continuous improvement efforts for the benefit of all customers, in particular the students of the University of Malaya. To articulate the UM Transformation Plan (2010), UM created its strategic plan, which covers the period between 2011-2015. This new plan incorporates recentlyintroduced strategies under the UM Transformation Plan which aimed at achieving financial stability, higher impact research outputs, greater collaboration with worldrenowned institutions of higher learning and generally higher performance all round. The strategic planning process has been demonstrated to many auditors, e.g. MQA Audit and Transformation Plan for Apex University. This transformation plan comprised of seven criteria: teaching and learning; excellence research; faculty and staff recuitment, development and reward; globalization; infrastructure planning, development and review; leadership, culture and image; financial sustainability and wealth creation. All these criteria fulfill the crucial factors to be considered for university development that were discussed before, namely: the availability of academic expertise, infrastructure, scientific and technological progress, global trend in higher education, and financial allocation. Under the criteria of teaching and learning, there are four goals to be achieved, namely: a. ensure quality incoming students from diverse backgrounds and countries; b. provide quality academic programmes to enable outstanding teachingâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;learning experiences and teaching environment; c. provide efficient support services for the campus community; and d. produce high quality graduates (outstanding allrounded graduates). There are two goals of excellence research need to achieve which include: a. generate world class high impact publications. b. nurture a culture of entrepreneurship. The criteria of faculty and staff recruitment, development and reward aim to: a. achieve the goals of attract high quality staff and facilitate career development; b. proactive search for global talents to bring in new blood to enhance internationalisation; c. improved working environment and administrative support; and d. strengthen performance culture and reward system

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

to enhance competitiveness. Under the globalization criteria, there are three goals to be achieved, namely: a. improved world standing through improved global rankings; b. enhanced students’ international perspectives, global awareness and multi-cultural sensitivity; and c. increased diversity of faculty staff and students to support intellectual enrichment and academic excellence. Infrastructure planning, development and review aims to: a. achieve the goals of conducive and state-of-the-art workspace; b. world-class resources; and c. environmental sustainability. Next, the leadership, culture and image have three main goals to aim, they are: a. Enhanced and sustainable leadership and management pool. b. A performance culture and reward system to enhance competitiveness. c. Alleviate university’s visibility and reputation. Lastly, under the financial sustainability and wealth creation, there are three goals to achieve: a. adequate and sustainable funding; b. new wealth creation through creative investment strategies; and c. a university-wide resource allocation model. In the last four years much has been accomplished to reinvigorate the curriculum, opening it out to become more relevant to global needs. Inputs from external assessors, industry liaison panels, employers and students themselves are making a difference to curriculum design and review. With monitoring and program accreditation by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency which takes international benchmarks into account,UM appears to be moving in the right direction. To ensure that the curriculum meets the needs and expectations of both national and international, University of Malaya has successfully achieved accreditation from various institutions and international professional bodies. Among the Washington Accord, Institution of Chemical Engineers UK, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), the Association of Building Engineers, Royal, Institute of British Architects (RIBA), The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales , Certified Practicing Accountants of Australia, SMBG-Eduniversal France,

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

Royal College of Surgeons of England UK, Institute of Physics & Engineering in Medicine, UK, Association of MBA, UK and so on. This shows the programs offered in the University of Malaya which is not only relevant but also internationally recognized (UM Annual Report, 2012). Percentage of UM undergraduates employed at point of convocation is at the rate of 78%, this show that UM offered good quality of program over the years and qualified all the undergraduates to fulfill the needs of the labor market in Malaysia. There are some private companies advertise in press that they require the undergraduates from UM to join their entrepreneuship, such as early childhood of education, MBA, accountancy, engineering, among others. With the burgeoning of the knowledge economy, and low capacity to keep abreast with such changes, importing foreign talent is seen as not just a temporary solution but a way to maintain material links with global research and knowledge creation. In terms of students intake, the average entry requirements for an undergraduate course (over 5 years) was CGPA = 3.20 (out of max CGPA = 4.00). Local students enrolment for undergraduate is 9,251 students and post-graduate is 8,111 students; whereas the international students enrolment for undergraduate is 842 students from 52 countries and postgraduate is 3,028 students from 80 countries (UM Fact Sheets, 2013). In other words, UM admits more international postgraduate students compare to undergraduates. UM tends to attract students from a number of developing countries, particularly Islamic countries. Currently the top ten countries with the largest number of students enrolled, starting with the highest, include Iran, Indonesia, China, Iraq, Yemen, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia and Thailand. New academic programs and increased student numbers, particularly at post-graduate level, prompted university authorities to look outside Malaysia for expertise, intensified in recent years in response to the WCRU rankings which take international presence into account. In 2001 out of a total academic staff of 1,581, about 2% were foreign which by 2007 rose to about 14% out of a total of 2,035. By 2007, about 20% of international staff held professorships, and about 11% were Associate Professors. With almost 58% PhDs and in senior positions, international faculty’s ability to provide leadership in teaching and research could be progressively more significant. By 2008, out of 2,552 academic staff, international staff’s share was 21%. In 2013, out of the total of 2,756 academic staff, 694 (25.18%) are international staff from various countries (UM Fact Sheets, 2013). Many of them were from South Asia and Southeast Asia with some from the Middle East and the majority tends to be in the sciences and engineering.. The policy of broadening the base of well-qualified faculty and researchers has stood UM in good stead both in terms of the quantity and quality of research outputs, the density of international collaboration networks, and ultimately, world-class rankings.

Talking about the development of academic staff in UM, staff size was 512 in 1970. It almost doubled by 1975 (with an average annual increase of 15.3%), reaching 1,372 by 1995. In 2001, it was 1,581 of which about 20% were of professorial grade (Ministry of Higher Education, 2010). By 2012, academic staff size had increased to 2,215 but the number of professors had decreased to 14.4%. For the same year, 2012, about 50% of all academic staff were PhD holders, and assuming that professorships appointed held PhD degrees, the professors by this year were able to provide academic leadership (UM Annual Report, 2012). Compared with 37% staff with PhDs in 1999 (University of Malaya, Annual Report 1999), the steady increase in qualifications is a step in the right direction to improved teaching and research. An update for 2012 points out that currently 68% of faculty members have doctoral degrees, and this proportion rises to 75% (which is the target for PhD holders) when equivalents such as further degrees for medical faculty are included.

Management and Monitoring was set up.

In a bid to accelerate improved quality of teaching and research, UM has made a PhD degree a requirement from lecturer-level upwards, with all faculties instructed to organize fortnightly seminars (a practice which was prevalent in many faculties about two decades ago) with compulsory participation. Similarly, a way has been devised to recruit staff who have proven themselves academically. This is the recently launched ‘Bright Sparks’ program, which planned to facilitate research activities of talented post-graduate students, whether local or international, and seen as a stepping stone to faculty appointments.

Recognizing the importance of UM as the nation’s leading research institutions, the Ministry of Education (MOE) has approved an allocation of RM590 million to HIR UM MOHE Program for a period of five years from August 2011 until 2015. Therefore, HIR Committee has been formed to ensure the implementation of HIR achieve its targets in 2015 and assisted by several eminent scientists appointed to Advisory Council HIR. Council members will advise the university in the matters connected with high-impact research priorities include conducting joint research between UM and their own institutions .

In line with the strategic goal to make UM a globally competitive university, the UM senior administration had steadily been raising the bar over the years in terms of academic faculty recruitment and retention, with the process greatly accelerated since the late 2010s. The key policy instruments include increasing the level of research funding support and provision of research facilities/infrastructure; relentlessly raising the threshold for promotion and tenure; and increasing the flexibility of faculty time allocation, including reduced teaching workloads for faculty with excellent research track records to devote more time to research.

To date, UM has appointed three Nobel Fellow and two Distinguished Professor in HIR Advisory Council, the Nobel Fellow Professor Barry Marshall (Nobel Prize in Psychological Medicine), Professor Ryoji Noyori Fellow Nobel (Nobel Prize in Chemistry), Nobel Fellow Professor David Baltimore (Nobel Prize in Medicine Psychology), Distinguished Professor Rita Colwell (University of Maryland, USA) and Professor Outstanding Wong ChiHuey (Academia Sinica, Taiwan) (UM Annual Report, 2012).

The Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010) states that universities in Malaysia would aim to produce world class human capital that is knowledgeable and highly skilled, flexible and creative as well as imbued with positive work ethics and spiritual values (Ninth Malaysia Development Plan 2006, 248-249). This period would also witness the creation of ‘universities of international standing and ensure that tertiary institutions meet the needs of employers’ (ibid. 249). To build up a strong research base in UM, rationalize the promotion, management, coordination and monitoring of activities of eight recently-established research clusters, 20 faculties and 35 research centers, 137 international collaborations as well as the upsurge of postgraduate student research, the Institute of Research

In addition, in an effort to contribute to University Malaya science development, eight Research Cluster was established. The establishment of these cluster offer a solution and recent discoveries in various fields. Emphasis on strengthening the research field with the establishment of the excellence center in various study, teaching, research and publications. In this regards the Institute of Research Management and Monitoring helps the research clusters by seeking out commercial applications for the products, services and technology the research produces. As a leading research university, High Impact Research Grant (HIR) was created in February 2010 targeting the Tier 1 ISI Journal Publications/WOS. At its inception, a total of RM10 million has been allocated as internal funds to encourage more production of high-impact publications.

As a research university, the total research funding received by UM up to the end of 2013 was RM184,423,177.08; from the total funding, RM179,527,151.72 or 94.35% was allocated funding by government for research. Underlying all research grant activities are the objectives of supporting R&D projects that can develop new products or processes in specific research clusters; and generating science-based knowledge through research. The output from the research helped UM to obtain a total of 472 patents, 47 commercial products and 594 innovations (UM Fact Sheets, 2013). From the researches that were being carried out, UM academic staff participated in many internatonal expo, such as Malaysia Technology Expo, International

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Invention, Innovation and Technology Exhibition (ITEX), BioMalaysia, International Trade Fair, Seoul International Invention Fair (SIIF), among others. Figure 1 clearly shows the awards won by UM academic staff from 2007 to 2012.

The average research productivity and quality of UM faculty have both increased considerably over the last decade. The number of SCI/SSCI-indexed publications by UM increased four times from an average of 350-480 per year over 2003-06 to 2,100 in 2011 and 1,608 with the impact factor of 1,163 in 2013. Such publication serve as quantitative indicators of productivity and as an important avenue of knowledge transfer. In other words, this shows awareness among higher education officers and government as an important outcome of world university ranking exercise. Although the achievements of UM in all fields are still far from the international standards, it is progressing and pushing UM towards the internationalization of advanced and effective direction this suits the words of Lao Tze that a thousand miles journey starts from the first step. Conclusions

Figure 1: Invention and Innovation Award Received by UM from 2007-2012 (Source: UM library) Innovation and commercialization become the centerpiece of efforts University of Malaya contribute to the world academia and society. By making the national aspirations as holding, University of Malaya continue to strengthen position in the world academic at national level and international level. UM was at the 156th position the world’s QS World University Ranking 2012/13 and ranked 35th the QS Asian University Rankings 2012. UM also is the only Malaysian university among the 500 best universities in the world (Academic Ranking of World Universities) by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. Achievement of University Malaya was also recognized as UM of the choice by the Reader’s Digest Trusted Brand for six consecutive years from 2007 to 2012. On January 26, 2012, University of Malaya granted autonomous status by the Ministry of High Education (UM Annual Report, 2012).

A new era has dawned in the management of higher education in Malaysia where quality assessment is beginning to take center stage. The University of Malaya as a frontrunner, has undertaken the initiative to institutionalize a quality management mechanism to monitor and improve research programes in the university. The new leadership has reviewed the overall regulatory framework; and it appears to have sufficient autonomy to change practices to fit new institutional priorities. The likelihood is that UM management and the government want to sustain efforts using world rankings as a tremendous source of motivation for laggards. The transformation of a university to match a new vision and new targets is a courageous endeavor; it is also one that requires political will to stay the course over the long term. References Advisory Committee to the Vice-Chancellor on World Class Programmes. (2004). Research Assessment in Institutions of Higher Learning. Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press. Beach, D.S. (1980). Personnel: The Management of People at Work. (4th ed.). New York: McMillan Publishing. Chapman, J.N. (2001). The work of managers in new organizational contexts. Journal of Management Development, 20(1), p.55-68.

Figure 2: Articles Publication in ISI Journals of UM from 2009-2012 (Source: UM library)

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

Cheng,Y.C. & Townsend, T. (2000). Educational change and development in the Asia-Pacific region: trend and issues. In. Townsend, T. & Cheng, Y.C. (Eds.). Educational Change and Development in the Asia-Pacific Region: Challenges for the Future (pp.317-344). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.

Clark, B. R. (1983). The higher education system: Academic organization in cross national perspective. London: University of California Press.

Ministry of Higher Education. (2010). Annual Reports. Kuala Lumpur: National Printing Department. Malaysia Ninth Plan 2011-2015. Putrajaya.

Dill, D. D., & Sporn, B. (1995a). The implication of a postindustrial environment for the university: An introduction. In D. D. Dill & B. Sporn (Eds.), Emerging patterns of social demand and university reform: Through a glass darkly (pp. 1–19). Oxford: IAU Press Pergamon.

Nye, J. S. (2008). The Powers to Lead. New York: Oxford University Press.

Five varsities make it top 100. The Star Online, June 11, 2013. Downloaded from http://www.academia. edu/3700598/Top_10_Universities_in_Malaysia_ in_2013_by_QS_World_Ranking Helen, C. (2004). The growing significance of the research mission to higher education institutions. In Helen, C. (ed.). University Research Management: Meeting the Institutional Challenge (pp. 17-26). Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Higher Education Advisor. RM178.4million allocated for 1,022 research grants under 10th Malaysia Plan. July, 18, 2011. Downloaded from http://afterschool.my/news_ details.php?nid=80 Hussien bin, H. A. (2001). Mandat UNESCO dan cabaran globalisasi. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publication & Distributors Sdn. Bhd. Hussin, S. (1996a). National priorities and higher education: The American model. Bentong: Asas Tunas.

Perkins, J. A. (1972). The drive for coordination. In J. A. Perkins & B. B. Israel (Eds.), Higher education: From autonomy to systems (pp. 4–14). Washington: Voice of America. Peters, Thomas J, Waterman Robert H. Jr. (1982). In Search of Excellence. New York: Harper & Row. University of Malaya. Annual Report 1999. Kuala Lumpur. University of Malaya. Annual Report 2012. Kuala Lumpur. UM Fact Sheets. (2013). Downloaded from http://www. um.edu.my/mainpage.php?module=Maklumat&kategori =51&id=255&papar=1 UM Tranformation Plan 2011-2015. (2010). Downloaded from http://www.um.edu.my/doc/File/administration/ UM%20Strategic%20Plan%202011-2015.pdf Ylijoki, O.-H. (2003). Entangled in academic capitalism? A casestudy on changing ideals and practices of university research. Higher Education, 45(3), 307–335.

Hussin, S. (1996b). Education in Malaysia: History, system and philosophy. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka. Jasbir, S. S. (1991). Higher education and development: The experience of four newly industrializing countries in Asia. Prospect, XXI(3), 387–400. Kerr, C. (1990). The internationalisation of learning and the nationalisation of the purposes of higher education: Two ‘law of motion’ in conflict?’. European Journal of Education, 25(1), 5–19. Kivinen, O., & Rinne, R. (1991). Changing highereducation policy: Three western models. Prospect, XXI(3), 421–429. Micheal, S. O. (1997). American higher education system: Consumerism versus professionalism. International Journal of Educational Management, 11(3), 117–130. Nisbitt, J. (1994). Global Paradox: The Bigger the World Economy, the More Powerful Its Smallest Players. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Keynote Speech 2 New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education

DR.SHREEMATHI S MAYYA shreemathi.mayya@manipal.edu Manipal University, India One of the aims of education is transformation of an individual as a useful citizen. The literate public is expected to lead an exemplary life and contribute substantially towards building a healthy society. However by and large, the rising lifestyle and behavioral disorders among the young public today, reflect the need for focused efforts from education, health and other related sectors locally, nationally and internationally. Another aim of education is self directed learning or to create a zeal for synthesis of knowledge. The advanced nations are now moving away from the manufacturingbased economies to knowledge based economies which depend extensively on scientific research and knowledgeable workforce. University and educational institutions are under pressure to generate knowledge as they are ranked based on the research outputs. The learners of today are certainly motivated to synthesize knowledge, however, on the other side, one of the painful observations by the academicians and researchers is an element of ‘Plagiarism and fraud’ in assignments/project work or research reports. Quality of education and quality research has become indispensible for global ranking of universities. The academicians of today have greater responsibility to identify, refine or enhance the potentials of learners especially towards creation of useful knowledge or expression of learning, in their own words. Originality

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

in work produced needs to be emphasized in every step of learning. An orientation programme to learners/ academicians of higher education on ethical considerations in education and research has become the need of the hour. As much of my experience is in the field of research and statistics, I would focus on the issue of quality of research in this presentation. I would emphasize on instilling ‘Quality as a habit’ among every learner, from the beginning than spending resources on refining the quality of research/project or the quality of learner. Quality should be inbuilt in every step of research whether it is undertaken as a requirement in basic or higher education. More so, academicians too should be the experts in the subject area taught or practiced and in research methodology or analysis per se, which is a prerequisite for a quality research output. Due honor and credit should be given to the contributors, or the authors whose ideas/findings are quoted in the report. Undue emphasis on positive results/outcomes may provoke manipulation or mismanagement of data, thus academicians/researchers need to meticulously screen the data with no compromise for the quality of data or research methodology. I thank the organizers for giving me this opportunity to share my views in this august gathering. It is my privilege and honor to be a part of this conference.

Keynote Speech 3 International Student Movement(s) as a Critical Vector of Mobility in Higher Education: Critical Ethnography in Education and the Issue of Language (Extended Abstract)

MAHESHVARI NAIDU naiduu@ukzn.ac.za University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

here has been for the last decade, in the tenor of general scholarship, much enthusiastic talk about the ‘mobilities turn’ in the social sciences, and of borders made porous by mass communication and the various patterns of migration and circuits of mobility. International foreign ‘students’ form one vector amongst the multiple trajectories of migratory movement, and represent foreign ‘bodies’, who (choose to) become mobile in search of educational opportunities. Urry’s Mobilities (2007) sought to articulate what he termed ‘a mobilities paradigm’. Within the framework of this mobilities paradigm there has been a substantial amount of work done in the area of student mobility (see Rosenzweig 2008; Byram and Dervin 2008; Zheng 2010; Shields and Edwards 2010 and Shields 2013) as well as some work in the field of transnationals and (im)migrants in the context of language (see Hidalgo 1986; Ballinger 2004; Butcher 2008; Valentine, Sporton and Nielsen 2008; Ullman 2010; Nawyn et al. 2012 ). Closer to my geo-political space, there have been studies looking at language issues in a South African transitional/transformational and educational context (see Kamwangamalu 2007; Bangeni and Kapp 2007). There has however, been relatively less research on language in the context of foreign university students and issues of mobility, identity and belonging. However, such issues take on greater significance in a highly diverse and multilingual society such as

South Africa, and within contexts of erecting and articulating institutional language policies, which in the context of UKZN, includes the introduction of a bilingual (English and isiZulu) policy. In a paper entitled ‘Globalization and International Student Mobility’, in the journal Comparative Education Review, Shields (2011) gives a wonderfully critical overview of university students’ mobility using ‘network analysis’. Using recent figures from a 2011 UNESCO Institute for Statistics report, Shields points out that the “flows of international students have become immense-exceeding 3 million in 2009” (Shields 2011:1-2), which she ascribes and predicates on globalisation and the increased levels of interconnectivity that come in its wake. Shield’s comment about international student education opportunities are buttressed by the equally high numbers of educational institutes and universities that openly advertise and competitively ‘court’ international students. South Africa is no exception. South Africa has courted, attracted, and now hosts many such foreign/international students. International student mobility thus emerges as a discernible vector among the several different kinds and typologies of migratory fluxes into the country. This lecture focuses on one category of international student, the foreign African student who comes in search of educational opportunities, as foreign (mobile) bodies bringing with them their linguistic capital.

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Shield’s makes the point that; There is immense complexity to the international student network: millions of students make autonomous choices about their international study, picking from thousands of courses of study, motivated by any number of peer, family, economic, and cultural influences, yet in this complexity there are discernible trends (2011: 3). Student migratory movements (which are of varying durations) can thus be seen as examples of ‘little’ flow, as they represent individualised mobility. Transnational students in turn, bring with them, their cultural traits and cultural capital in the form of their linguistic diversity. Put simply, they bring with them their languages. They also bring with them, through the conduits of their languages, much more than their languages. As Butcher puts it, language is an explicit marker of belonging and identity that also represents the “tension between cultural continuity and change in diverse societies” (2008: 371). Butcher’s paper probed language in the context of second-generation migrant youth in Sydney, probing how language was deployed to un/successfully navigate difference and belonging, both between communities and between generations, in turn serving to erect and establish boundaries of inclusion and exclusion. Butcher’s findings showed that language was used as a ‘symbolic resource’ in the performance of both difference and sameness; in discriminating between and demarcating and fixing difference and belonging, in defining new social spaces, as well as contesting and ‘points of authority’ within hegemonic fields of power. This keynote lecture is positioned within critical ethnography and introduces a discussion on anthropology and language capital in higher education. ‘Critical ethnography’ refers to studies which utilise anthropologically defined methods of researching education. To this end I work through ethnographic data collected from amongst a sample group of foreign African students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The starting point for this lecture is that the enhanced mobility of students reflects an important aspect of human capital investment. However, mobility and migratory vectors of foreign African students are juxtaposed alongside the realisation that their foreign

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

bodies and the linguistic competencies embodied by them, represent the appearance of otherness, and some level, represent regimes of exclusion, as their own competencies lie outside that of the majority of local African students speaking the local language. Thus part of the process of enclosing (within social networks or groups of similar speaking others) and performing and articulating their own identity, is a valorisation of elements of their ‘native’ languages, and other cultural belongings that they claim to associate with their languages. Ethnographic data gathered show that such performances underpin the role of language as a situated practice in articulating identities in local contexts. Murphy-Lejeune (2008:16) points out that in general, particular “pull” factors reveal the interplay between “distances and proximities, linguistic, geographic, cultural and historical, as well as academic considerations”, and goes on to add that “student mobility cannot be understood outside the wider geopolitical”. It has also been noted that despite increased competition and connectivity, international student flows are often characterized as having a strong South to North polarity. English-speaking countries in the global North have particularly high levels of incoming international students. However, on the African continent, South Africa acts as the gravitational ‘North’ in drawing students from other parts of sub Saharan Africa. South Africa performs as North to sub Saharan Africa, and many of the ‘South’ students, who are ‘newly mobile’ within the postcolony, come with diverse linguistic capital, a ‘heritage’ (sic) of the colony. Figures in 2007-2009 revealed that two out of every three international students, some 36,000, were from the 14-member Southern African Development Community (SADC). South Africa received 17% of mobile students from Sub-Saharan Africa in 2010. Zimbabwe was the major ‘source’ sending country, sending 18% of the international students, followed by Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland – neighbouring countries where English is commonly spoken. An article in University News Online stated what may well appear obvious, that the dominance of SADC students is in concert with studies that have shown that the factors that influence student mobility are geographic region, historical connections and language. In 2009 the total international student enrolment was 60 856. The top 10 sending places of

origin for the same period were; Zimbabwe (14 359), Namibia (7264), Botswana (4 849), Lesotho (4 004), Swaziland (3 453), Democratic Republic of Congo (1 815), Zambia (1 529), Angola (1 135), Mauritius (1 108), Malawi (854) (International Education Association of South Africa -IEASA) It is thus increasingly clear that student mobility is a crucial topic. Chien and Kot in their recently published discussion paper ‘New Patterns in Student Mobility in the Southern Africa development Community’ claim that student mobility has become a topic of much discussion on the policy agenda of international and regional organizations, attracting increased attention in Africa. The point they make is that “higher education is now widely recognised as an important driver of socioeconomic growth and human development” (2011:2). And while student mobility and dispersal has also become a driver of sorts for economic growth and sustainability, my concern as an anthropologist is what this mobility and migratory flux means in terms of issues of belonging and inclusion/exclusion. Given that many of the foreign graduates are also expected to remain and contribute their knowledge and skills sets to the local economy, their ideologies of belonging and their sense of inclusion become important points of consideration. Although languages are seemingly ‘invisible’ until they are spoken, movement of people across space is never a movement across empty spaces; instead the spaces are filled with norms, expectations and conceptions of what counts as proper and normal (indexical) language use. South Africa is a major pull for transnational flows of students from other parts of Africa, seeking educational opportunities. According to Beine and Noel (2011:2) who looked at literature of student mobility in Europe and USA, foreign students represent an important source of income for universities. Developed countries, South Africa included, are highly interested in attracting foreign students. The point about attracting intellectual capital is significant, and ‘international students’, is inclusive of students from other parts of Africa, not only students from the global North i.e.

Europe and USA. However, within the local context, the South African government subsidises SADC students along the same rate that it subsidises local students, so foreign African students are not a form of (tuition) income as such. South Africa’s agreement with the 14-member Southern African Development Community (SADC) means that students from these sending countries are considered as ‘local’ students in terms of tuition costs. This undergirds the assertion that South Africa sees hosting students from the rest of Africa as a way of contributing to the continent’s human resource development, to help stem a brain drain. In an online article entitled ‘South Africa: Huge growth in foreign students’, written in 2007, (as numbers of international students to South African institutions began to swell), Patrick Fish of the Higher Education South Africa, is quoted as asserting that “The country also feels it has an edge in terms of diversity.” These observations point us to further research, and further critical ethnographies needed in understanding the linguistic negotiations of the foreign students that we wish to attract to our institutions, and the skills we claim, we want to attract to our economy. It also informs us to the qualitative research needed in terms of how we are conceptualising the ‘economy’ (of local and foreign graduates). Hart, Laville and Cattani (2011) alert us to the value and worth of treating the economy as something made and remade by people. This human economy includes brokering relationships rather than just desiring to add to intellectual capital and the talent pool. Such a view of human capital and socio-economic growth is also about communities of inclusive practice amongst people. According to Wenger (1998; 2000), both learning and identity have to do with shifting relationships to people and objects in a particular setting, and involves membership in communities of practice. In Wenger’s understanding, it was not just about ‘doing well’ academically (acquiring skills and intellect and adding to a country’s talent pool). For Wenger, learning was not so much an “inthe-head phenomenon” in as much as it was a matter of engagement, participation, and membership in a community of practice.

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Outstanding World Researcher: Essay

SHREEMATHI S. MAYYA shreemathi.mayya@manipal.edu Manipal University, India

r. Shreemathi S Mayya, after achieving my higher education with two different streams that is Statistics from Mangalore University and M.Ed from Mysore University and then achieved its highest degree (Ph.D in Medical Education) from the most prestigious World renowned Manipal University under the able guidance of Dr. K Ramnarayan, the Vice-Chancellor of Manipal University and Dr A Krishna Rao the former Dean Kasturba Medical College (KMC) Manipal and also the founder of medical education. I have been serving the Manipal University since 28 years in the Medical Education department and also in the department of Statistics. Specific contributions towards the two fields include conducting professional & personal development activities of teachers towards students’ capacity building through continuous workshops and training. Worked on student teaching learning and assessment for better outcome among medical and allied programs across India. Takes social responsibilities to train the corporate sectors on statistics application. Conducts statistics and research methodology workshop for all PG students across India and also those aspiring for PhD. To the world of scientific community, my contributions are purely on students learning, teachers’ capacity building, student’s assessment and the approaches that could influence students’ performance. Seventeen

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

research articles published in indexed journals are purely on students teaching learning environment and assessment. Another 26 are from multidisciplinary areas which incorporates multicultural research approach in Manipal University. Being a PhD guide, my responsibilities goes out to build good researchers and students oriented teachers to build an educational environment conducive for learning. Dr. Krishna Rao, the former Dean KMC, and also professor emeritus of Medical Education Manipal University had been my guide and a constant motivator. A teacher and a role model for generations together. He is the guiding force towards my achievement in the field of medical education. A teacher beyond boundaries. My family, husband and parents had all the support for academic and research activities. Family together sits almost on daily basis to discuss about research and professional progress. Research has almost become a culture in my family and they were the pillar for my strength to do research even with teaching and family responsibilities back at home. I am the only daughter of my parents, happily married to Dr. Suresh Mayya, having two sons. The difference I could make in my life is to be a balanced teacher, researcher and a good mother. A good teacher can influence students’ behaviour is my strong strength approach. I wish to make an impact on every student’s life with whom I come across and that’s my dream and life in my journey as a teacher.

Outstanding World Researcher: Essay

MAHESHVARI NAIDU naiduu@ukzn.ac.za School of Social Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

have drawn on my training in Anthropology and devoted my energy to theorising around gender and women, positioned within feminist Anthropology, especially within the context of my country and local vulnerable groups of African women. Often, important work in gender remains closed within walls of gender theorists and activists, when it should reach across other fields and to other disciplinary researchers, locally and globally. I endeavor to attempt to correct this through publication in journals that cut across disciplines and by networking with researchers at the diverse conferences I present at. I have over 55 articles in national and international accredited peerreviewed journals. Through my published work and my public talks I have argued for a local engagement and a public anthropology that is conversant with real world problems. My work in South Africa reflects critical engagement, in various contexts such as gender and empowerment, gender and health, gender and religion and sexualities. I have been on the editorial boards of Nidan and Noumenon journals and editor of Nidan for 2009. 2010. I have guest edited South African journals Alternation (2012) and Journal for Study of Religion (2013). I was also the 2013 National Winner in the Department of Science and Technology, Women in Science Award, in the category of ‘The Role of Science and Research in Combating Violence’. This National Award recognises outstanding research

by women scientists in South Africa. The national award is of personal significance, as I see both critical theory and praxis having collaborative roles to play in disassembling physical and structural gendered power regimes. For me, recognising the role that research plays in creating intellectual capital that one is able to draw on within an applied and collaborative public context, indexes the nexus of scholarship and activism as being reciprocal and vital. Being declared overall national Winner for 2013, was immense national recognition and indexed my contribution to the knowledge economy in the area of Gender and Women. My commitment to ethics in research finds expression in university service. I sit on the College Ethics Committee and School of Social Science Research Ethics Committee, both bodies that oversee research projects. As part of my work to fast track a critical mass of women with PhDs, I am also a College level supervisor in the Humanities PhD Cohort Supervision Program (2012/2013). In 2012, I won a large research grant and headed a project that looked at women’s empowerment, especially within the context of HIV/Aids and women’s health. My research thus responds to contemporary realities and concerns. I have mentored my postgraduate students- mentoring them through writing for publication as well as presenting research in national and international spaces. In 2012 I facilitated two of my female African PhD students to accompany me to Italy to present projects findings

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

at a Social Science conference at the American University of Rome. At the international level my invitations to offer keynote addresses attest to the international face of my scholarship and expertise. This is over and above my paper presentations at several international Universities. I delivered a keynote address to staff and students at the Gender Unit, University of Florence, Italy in 2012. Delivering a keynote address at University of Florence allowed me to share critical project findings with international colleagues. I am also invited to deliver a plenary paper on Mobilities and Diaspora at Gandhi Institute in Mauritius, in July 2014. My several published works in gender and tourism culminated in another international invitation. I am invited to deliver a Seminar at Kadir Has University, Turkey, as part of an interdisciplinary conference in June 2014. The organisers have asked that I edit a special issue on Anthropology, Gender and Tourism in journal, in Anthropology of Tourism. Being invited to deliver a keynote address at ICHER is another humbling honour. I have also been invited to be guest editor for national and international journals; International Journal of Human Ecology (Volume 43, 2013) and Oriental Anthropologist 2014 forthcoming. All of this I believe is indication of international recognition, as are the invitations to guest-edit international journals. International recognition further gives valuable exposure to work coming out of the global south. Over and above increasing my visible international profile, it gives broad and vital visibility to my work in the African context and in my country. My paper ‘Performing Illness and Health’ (Anthropology Southern Africa, 2012, 35, 4 71-80) indexes my research concern in Gender and Female Health in the context of public health models. That study revealed, through the narratives of female cancer patients, that inscriptional approaches and practices offered by medical treatments, largely

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

underwritten by epidemiological and clinical studies, was often experienced as being debilitating. The paper argued that there was a need to propose a more humanistic medical social science that focused on the creation of models of care through qualitative phenomenological work with patients. This study culminated in being invited to a Nursing Conference in Jordon in 2013. I am aware of the importance of national/ international collaborative work. I am on an interdisciplinary/inter-University team collaborating with University of Shanghai Tourism Studies. My collaborative research here is on the gendered positioning of African and Chinese women in so called Cultural Tourism. Additionally I am also collaborating with colleagues with work on Violence and Muslim women in the Cape Flats, South Africa. As feminist researcher, and teacher in a Tertiary institute, my research gaze is also concerned with research issues in Higher Education. I am working with national colleagues on conceiving a ‘Technology and Education’ project. I have employed feminist lens towards pedagogical approaches in my following recent papers: 1. Engaged Pedagogy, Inter J of Social Sciences, 2014 forthcoming. 2. Teaching Differently Abled Students, Inter J of Educational Studies, 2014 forthcoming. 3. Communicating Belonging: Language & Belonging in HE, Journal of Communication, 2014, forthcoming. I have a very clear sense of who I owe my growth to. It is quite simply to my precious parents, the profound loves of my life. Losing them both very recently, under extremely difficult circumstances, makes my achievements bitter sweet. My greatest ambition since a young child was to take care of them and to make my father proud of me. Yet all they asked of me, was to be happy. I am deeply indebted to my precious parents who broke gender stereotypes of the time, and

"The freedom and movement to a challenging university, horizon expanding travel- all these confluences are attributed to their faith in me. I am deeply grateful to them. As I am grateful to my sister and husband who continue to support me in my work.". As researcher, now my best way to ‘give back’, is to continue in meaningful research that impacts on the community."

allowed me the space to learn to feed my curiosity and to travel the vast and amazing world. I come from a poor background, but never actually knew that, as we grew up in a house that had everything. Impoverished conditions and indentured labour background meant that my mother did not even have the chance of going to school. She however, was truly learned, encouraging me away from the usual domestic chores of a female child, and guiding me to books. From my father came exposure to ideas, to poetry; to theatre and classical music. From them both came immense love for me and my child, who they helped raise. They were both incredibly proud I brought home a doctoral certificate. All of my accomplishments pale next to what they accomplished in the profound simplicity of their ‘good lives’ and in being good human beings. The freedom and movement to a challenging university, horizon expanding travel- all these confluences are attributed to their faith in me. I am deeply grateful. As researcher, now my best way to ‘give back’, is to continue in meaningful research that impacts on the community.

Given my research trajectory in gender and feminist scholarship, it is vital that that my research also has a public anthropology face and material involvement with the community. To this end, I am involved with the Highway Hospice in Durban, South Africa as well as my local district support group for Cancer patients, with a special emphasis on female patients. I also have a personal and research relationship with the Ixopo NGO called Woza Moya that runs programs for women. This is a reflection of research feeding back into the community and women being both the participants as well as beneficiaries. This is what I would like my legacy to be. Awards are wonderful, but we cannot take them with us, so they are best used to give us the profile to get the visibility and support for continuing our work. It is the work and the beneficiaries of the work, whose lives my research ad activism, may, in some small way have touched and changed, for which I would like to be remembered. I would honour this legacy alongside the legacy of having been a good daughter to my wonderful parents and a good mother to my precious son. I leave you with a poem… IN THE END ALL THAT MATTERS IS How well you have lived How well you have loved How much did you give, and, How well did you let go….

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Outstanding Research Leader of the Philippines: Essay

LEAH ECHAVEZ-PILONGO leahechavez@yahoo.com University of Bohol, Philippines

s the Dean of Research of the University of Bohol, I intend to lead the research front in producing timely research in line with the themes of the university research agenda that are relevant to inform the decision-makers or stakeholders in promoting knowledge and best practices in the academic, institutional and community extension. I commit to develop the faculty and employees to come up with high quality research outputs with the collective diligence and intellectual rigors that ensure respect, honesty and transparency. A research culture in the university that aims to hone faculty and employees to undergo courageously the process of presentation and publication, thus, making their work accessible to the global readers. I am looking forward that the research culture will be nurtured to shape and improve practices, programs, policies that address short and long term challenges within the university, or issues in the local and global community. Eventually, a multiplier effect will follow; the students will also actively engage in producing high quality research outputs and be better equipped as future leaders in their respective fields of discipline. I have contributed to the world of scientific community through the conduct of high quality research in the fields of gender and development, children, young people and youth, basic and higher education studies, I adhere to promote a culture of open and inclusive dialogue, information sharing

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

for the betterment of the academic community, and our local and global communities, as well. The results of the Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Development guided policy-makers in the institution that I am working with to enhance programmatic areas to be more gender-fair in the policies and practices. During the presentations in conferences, it guided other institutions and stakeholders on the best practices of our school in promoting gender equality. The usability of the research findings on my study on Risky and Sexual Behaviors of the University of Bohol provided inputs for the stakeholders to address the glaring concerns of adolescents. In the university, clear programmatic measures in the hard and soft curricula must be clearly crafted, and these are works in progress to enable the young adults to learn how to delay gratification and be more responsible in their actions. My family and the Jesuit education, and the schools (St. Mary’s School in Cagayan de Oro City and Sacred Heart for Boys in Cebu City, and currently the University of Bohol) I’ve worked and I have been working with have greatly influenced my educational, professional and personal development. I need not dwell so much how my family influenced me in all aspects of development, suffice it to say that I’ve been primarily molded from a family who believes in love and to the “more of life.” Who adheres to being “other” oriented at the same time being able to take care of one’s self, simply because one cannot give

what one does not have, be it in material possession or the giving from the inner self.

in the areas where we have adopted schools and adopted communities.

Fortunately, what I have learned in my formative years were being nurtured and honed in the university that I attended with. As a student, it was inculcated in my hearts and my minds, Xavier’s motto: To be a person for others. My parents were both teachers; I followed their footsteps, and so did my other sister. My other older sister, though not teaching spent her life in development work with a Non-Government Development Organization.

My sister who is into research in XU and AREU Afghanistan ignited my passion for research when she engaged me in cleaning data gathered from the fields, and I appreciated the long, very tedious process of long nights just to beat deadlines. The patience, perseverance and the need for accuracy in the whole process are highly emphasized in the writing stage that sprouted in me to relish every opportunity in engaging into local, national and international research projects. I ventured into research projects as Bohol Migration Nexus, Credit for Better Health Project, Bohol, Parental Involvement in Adolescent Health and Development and among others and my international research project as an External Evaluator on the Young Leaders for Peace under the Youth For Peace Project in Cambodia. Lately, I coauthored a research paper on Why Minors Undertake the Unaccompanied Journey – a study collaborated with AREU and UNHCR.

One of the milestones in my life was when I decided to join the Jesuit Volunteer Program (JVP) right after graduation. It was a turning point wherein one decides to go for a lucrative job and be able to buy what I wanted rather than ask from my family what I need and the other extras young people think they need, but adults classified them as wants. To opt for volunteer work requires grit and guts, a genuine heart for people who have less in life. It was putting a face to the social issues we discussed in the classroom and the family and was testing ideas and ideals in real life situation. Furthermore, being with people in the countryside gave me a grounding of what to prioritize in life as well as taught me lessons in empowering people by letting them help themselves. The second milestone was joining the teaching profession after my volunteer work. I started at as a High School teacher at St. Mary’s School in Cagayan de Oro and I was fortunate to be under the wings and tutelage of the late Dr. Mike Costello. He taught me the very basics of teaching as well testing and measurement of student’s performance. I moved to another teaching job in high school for boys and then I went back to my home province to teach at the University of Bohol. I spent one year of volunteer work right after my graduation in 1991 and then since then I’ve been in the teaching profession. Although I am in an academic setting, I have never turned my back from voluntary and community work. I am very much involved in the organizing work within and outside the university. I am involved in the outreach activities of the university, specifically

These research endeavors prepared me with my post as the Dean of Research in the University of Bohol last year. It posted a lot of hurdles because I started from scratch including the revision of Research Handbook of the University, and the implementation of encouraging the research culture of the school that had not threaded into the grounds of publication. A simple discussion with the University’s Chairperson of the Board of Trustees dropped Dr. Genaro Japos in our conversation whom he believed that surely can help us in the process of publication. Indeed, the BOT Chair was right, Dr. Japos patiently walked me through the process of publication. After that the Research Office lobbied to the Vice-Presidents of the Univeristy to add into their policy the need for faculty members to produce research outputs in line with the themes of the University’s Research Agenda on academic, institutional or extension/ community involvement fronts every year as starter for the implementation of the research culture of the University. More allocation for research budgets to send faculty and employees for Research Presentation.

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

I adopt an outlook that life is a continuous learning process, be it in a formal and informal/non- formal setting. That is what I grab opportunities or even difficult situations into great learning experiences particularly in the research engagement. I look forward that not less than ten faculty members in the University will present this coming May Research Festival in Cebu. I believe that the best is yet to come in the research front of my university. I believe on the line that goes, “everything happens for a reason,” and that includes my existence. I need

"There are gigantic tasks ahead of me, even the implementation of certain research policies that other faculty thought of as an additional burden, later, they can see its significance on their personal and professional advancement. It may not be clear to them at present, but I am hoping that they can see its importance."

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

to actualize what is God’s plan in my life, and it is my choice to give the best I can from simple to complicated tasks that I am confronted with. Since I am in the academic community and a leader in the research area, a need to promote the university’s relevance as a molder of young people who will take over the reins of the country as they graduate, and move on as adults. Thus, the University of Bohol has an important role to play in training productive people for the future, and the research component has a great role to play. There is no way that the university can retain its university status with the CHED’s vertical and horizontal typology except to implement the strategic direction of research engagement among its faculty members. There are gigantic tasks ahead of me, even the implementation of certain research policies that other faculty thought of as an additional burden, later, they can see its significance on their personal and professional advancement. It may not be clear to them at present, but I am hoping that they can see its importance. I strongly believe that some of the seeds fell into fertile grounds and these faculty members will have a ripple effect in cultivating the research culture of the university. The concept of magis in the faculty’s engagement into research, and in the process, they can tie up the realities in the field and bring them up to be distilled as theory and practice blend together in making classroom instruction more outcome-based for students.

Synthesis of Abstracts New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education RANDY A. TUDY randytudy@cjc.edu.ph Cor Jesu College, Philippines According to Joel Barker, “Usually the first problems that you solve are the ones that were unsolvable with the old paradigms.” This conference offers the world with new research findings which either discover or recommend new paradigms to take a new way of looking at reality. The gathering of scientists from different disciplines in this conference is a testament of the richness of the world’s resources. Their research findings are jewels of society that would propel to draw out best for humanity.

ur drive for excellence in education has always been a mark for teachers who are also researchers. In this conference, we will learn the relationship of attitude, self-efficacy, board examination result and practice performance towards academic performance. In terms of teaching strategies, we will be oriented on the result of the investigation on how meaningful teaching praxis which emanates from a teaching philosophy driven by the belief that teaching and learning and collaborative process between teacher and students and their cultural backgrounds. While there had been several studies in the past about effective and efficient strategies in teaching, here we will also learn the best methods of motivating and encouraging students to study as well as the use of social media platforms for classroom instruction. Moreover, another study, which is sometimes not given consideration, is an investigation on the effects of campus noise on academic activities of the learners. Schools are concerned as to how their program offerings are fit to the demands of society. While some researches provide data on the marketability

and feasibility of certain programs, feedbacks from alumni are considered to be important and golden opportunities for the school to re-assess their programs. In this conference, there will be tracer studies that will show examples of how vital are the roles of alumni in the school’s life and mission. Furthermore, we will also learn about the effects of the school’s image and trust on positive word of mouth. In the field of business, we will be oriented on the competitive advantage of the small and medium enterprise (SME) which is an important ingredient to the country’s growth and development. However, when development is beginning to drive people to the center, countries throughout the world also face the problems related to urbanization. A study will give a glimpse on the impact of urbanization in the cities and rural areas. On a similar note, another study contributes to the body of knowledge in terms of using technology to reduce solid waste. Not long ago and even until now, Philippine newspapers were feasting on the news about child pornography which is silently operating in the country even in areas which are very rural. This

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Like other conferences sponsored by IAMURE, we, researchers, continue to work for the publication of our papers so that these findings will become sources of laws, action plans and basis for future researches. crime is making it very possible through the use of the internet. The people, especially parents, feared what will be the lasting effect of this phenomenon. In this conference, we will know the perceived effects of childhood sexual abuse of males having sex with human immunodeficiency virus. With so many problems in society, the law enforcers are beginning to feel the huge burden and responsibility. In another study, understanding the patterns of crime incidents using a particular method will give us an overview how the law enforcers are distributed in a certain area for them to effectively respond for a call of action. During the IAMURE sponsored conference in Macau, China two weeks ago, researchers share their outputs on topics related to climate change. As a multi-disciplinary organization, we will have a taste of similar topic related to that conference with a study on students and faculty perception on climate change. There is also a study about the health and sanitary status of our indigenous brothers and sisters. A study related to health will shed light on the effects of a disease to human population. After the presentation of papers in this conference, every researcher desires for his/her paper to be published. A study on journal publication will surely get the interest of everyone. This study is about modality in conclusion sections of academic journal articles.

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

Once again IAMURE facilitated a gathering of respected scientists and provided opportunities for new paradigms to be promoted and shared. This is our hope that this conference will bring the higher education in countries throughout the world to the next level. Like other conferences sponsored by IAMURE, we, researchers, continue to work for the publication of our papers so that these findings will become sources of laws, action plans and basis for future researches. On the other hand, we call on all higher education institution to seriously consider research as a vital component in the school in the form of maximizing the intended budget, providing technological support and facilitating opportunities for research utilization. In the spirit of collaboration to the world’s search for new knowledge, researches must find its way for global accessibility and timely sources and bases for decisions done by lawmakers and implementers. Considering the richness of this conference, we, the delegates to the International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER) 2013, do hereby assert our commitment to further disseminate our research findings for greater utilization by individuals, researchers, policy makers, implementers and responsible agencies. We further commit ourselves to be pillars in higher education through research and publication. Thus, IAMURE declares its unwavering support to the advancement in the field of research and publication in higher education and to provide opportunities for scientists to bring their work in the international arena. This declaration is the organization and its members’ commitment to work on bringing higher education institutions in the international level.

Single Nucleotide Polimorphisms Promoter Gen Il-10 as Predictor to Disease Activities of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus YULIASIH ORCID No. 0000-0003-0139-7997 yuliasih1762@gmail.com Airlangga State University, Surabaya, Indonesia Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 · 1:00 – 1:20pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

PAPER PRESENTATIONS DAY 1

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a complex disease, signifying that genetic and environmental factors are involved in diseases development. Although the role of genetic factor in many populations had been studied, the genetic factor associated with diseases activity has not been identified yet. This study was performed to determine polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene promoter with diseases activity SLE in Javanese population. This study was performed to analyze the genotype IL-10 gene proximal promoter in SLE patients using a pair of specific primer of the IL-10 gene proximal promoter and sequenced by Applied Biosystem Method. This study enrolled 47 SLE patients (ACR criteria) in active diseases. Disease activity was evaluated using SLAM. The level of IL–10 was measured by ELISA kit. There were three locus SNP at -294 A/G, -296 A/T and -301 A/G of IL10 gene proximal promoter, with three variant combination: -294G/-296A/-301G, -294G/-296T/-301G and -294A/-296A/301A. The serum level of IL-10 among three groups was significantly different. The patients with variant -294G/-296A/-301G had significantly higher score of disease activity (severe diseases) compared with the other groups of patient. The combination -294A/-296A/-301A was similiar to the sequence IL-10 gene proximal promoter from GenBank NCBI. It is concluded that Interleukin-10 proximal promoter SNP as predictor diseases activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Keywords: Science, disease activity, Systemic Lupus Erythematous, observational study, Autoantibodies, SNP, IL-10 descriptiveevaluative design, Indonesia

Evaluation of Municipal Solid Wastes Utilization in Organic Fertilizer Production Using Bioreactor-Vermi Technology ARISTON O. RONQUILLO ORCID No. 0000-0002-4364-6157 aoronquillo@gmail.com Surigao del Sur State University, Philippines Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 · 1:21 – 1:40 pm · Venue: Cobalt 7 Surigao del Sur State University has been utilizing the Bioreactor-Vermi Technology through accelerated composting processes in response to the increasing concern about the amount and management of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) and sustainable farming in the municipalities of Tagbina and Barobo, Surigao del Sur, Philippines. The major focus was to evaluate the potential of Bioreactor-Vermi Technology to reduce municipal solid wastes and the potential of the organic fertilizer produced from these wastes for sustainable farming. A descriptive research design was utilized in this study employing multiple data collection techniques which include characterization of compostable solid wastes, their sources, amount of wastes utilized for composting and the amount and quality of organic fertilizer produced. Results revealed that using bioreactor-vermi technology; the biodegradable MSW in the two municipalities is reduced to 6.68% producing 300 tons of organic fertilizers in five years operation utilized by 200 farmers for the cultivation of various crops within and outside the two municipalities. Organic fertilizer produced is in acceptable level for sustainable farming. As the major composition of waste is organic, waste treatment options like bioreactor-vermi composting is effective in reducing municipal solid wastes and producing organic fertilizer for sustainable farming not only in the Philippines but all over the world. Keywords: Environmental Education, emerging technologies, solid waste utilization, descriptive-evaluative design, Philippines

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Perceived Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse of Males-Having Sex-With-Males with Human Immunodeficiency Virus BERNADETH LUAYON-GERODIAS ORCID No. 0000-0002-1554-7901 bernadethgerodias@gmail.com Southern Philippines Medical Center, Philippines Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 · 1:51 – 2:10pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

PAPER PRESENTATIONS DAY 1

Survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) deal with harmful long term effects like depression, sexual dysfunction and other psychiatric conditions.How do survivors view the traumaif they are tagged as a vilified minority who are living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?This qualitative study was conducted to explore the perceived effects of CSAamong males-having sex-with-males (MSM) in relation to their coping with HIV.There were seven (7) narrators, ages 18 years old and above, from various socioeconomic status, religions and professions who were selected through purposive sampling. In-depth audio-recorded narrative interviews and direct observationsin a natural setting were conducted. Balan’s Grid by Tagg (1985) provided a structure for constructing a story and making sense out ofpast experiences. Results indicated that CSA survivorsbattled with poor self-esteem, alcoholism and promiscuity– factors which exposed them to HIV transmission. Findings demonstratedfurtherhowCSA survivors contain and resist“victimization” andself-blamewhile making conscious efforts for behavioral modifications. It is concluded that family and social support systems help CSA survivors in dealing with CSA and coping with HIV. It is recommended that individual, group and family therapy should be given to HIV positive MSMwho are CSA survivors. Keywords - Psychology, Childhood Sexual Abuse, Males-Having-Sex-with Males Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Narrative, Davao Philippines

Analysis of the Urban Behavior and its Impacts toward the Target Cities: A Case Study in Surabaya Metropolitan City DJUWARI ORCID No. 0000-0002-2750-3463 STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia SUKESI ORCID No: 0000-0002-2144-7093 greenpct@yahoo.com University of Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 · 2:11-2:30pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

Public policy by the government for the population in the villages and cities is urgent for curbing the population moving to the big cities. The uneven population distribution between the villages and the cities can lead to critical problems social life. When the population moves to the cities, that is urbanization will create unemployment in the cities, this creates more serious problem. Therefore, they need education and health care, security personnel, shelter, food supply, and the related humanbeing basic needs. This study attempted to analyze the impact of urbanization in the city of Surabaya as an urban destination. It also analyzes the impact of urbanization in rural areas (the origin of the urbans) and identified the typology of urbanization in the city of Surabaya. A total of 300 respondents were taken as the sample using snowboll sampling method. Questionnaires and indept interview as well as documentary techniques were employed in this study. The results can formulate policies for both the target cities, the urbans kive and the origin of their villages. This study provides the negative impact of this population urbanization. The most important thing is that there are some factors that lead to urbanization but the main factor is due to boosting the economic aspects so as to create difficulty in finding work and develop business in the villages. Keywords: Social science, urbanist, typology, behavior, society behavior, Indonesia

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

Understanding the Patterns of Crime Incidents through Mapping and Frequent Item Set Mining Using Apriori Algorithm ERIC JOHN G. EMBERDA ORCID No. 0000-0002-7000-7270 University of the Immaculate Conception, Philippines Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 · 2:31–2:50pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

PAPER PRESENTATIONS DAY 1

Every place in the world is faced with the challenge of peace and order, and the Philippines is not an exemption. Crime rates rise and fall due to many factors. The police forces are in the front row of all these. Crimes can be prevented if there is good police visibility. However, some places face an issue of scarcity with the number of police forces. Thus, there is a need to properly distribute the workforce to different areas of a city. One way to do this would is to analyze the occurrences of crimes and determine the factors associated with them. This research was conducted to be able to analyze the crime incidents in the Philippines, particularly in the city of Davao with the use of Apriori algorithm in associating variables for crime incidents. This research employed a Constructive Research Methodology which is often used for research associated with Computer Science and Information Systems. A web based application was developed, specifically designed to accept blotter inputs and visualize the data. Results show that depending on the amount and treatment of raw data, crime patterns can be efficiently identified and associated with certain variables with the use of the Apriori algorithm. Keywords: Social science, crime mapping, Apriori algorithm, computer science, crime pattern, pattern analysis, open street maps, descriptive design, Philippines

The University’s Image and Trust and their Effect on Positive Word of Mouth SONI HARSONO ORCID No. 0000-0002-3871-6034 soni@perbanas.ac.id STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 · 3:11 – 3:30pm · Venue: Cobalt 7 There has been a very high competition between public universities and private universities. This affects the private universities particularly in admission or the student intake. To overcome this problem a lot of things should be done such as creating the institution’s good image and trust in order to increase positive word of mouth among students. This study analyzes the effect of university’s image and trust on positive word of mouth either partially or simultaneously. The sample consists of the students from six universities with accreditation ratings A, B, and C respectively approximately 20 to 25. The sampling technique is by using accidental sampling technique of multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 17. It was found that in universities with accreditation category of C, the image of the institution either partially or simultaneously have significant and positive effect on positive word of mouth. In addition, in universities with accreditation category B, the image of the institution and the trust simultaneously has significant and positive effect on positive word of mouth. Also in universities with accreditation category A, the image has significant effect on positive word of mouth. Besides that, still in universities with accreditation A, trust has positive effect on word of mouth simultaneously. Keywords: university image, Trust, positive word of mouth, accreditation, Indonesia

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

The Best Methods of Motivating and Encouraging Students to Study OSAMA EL-HAFY ORCID No. 0000-0001-6484-6556 osama_elhafy@qu.edu.qa Qatar University, Qatar Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 · 3:31 – 3:50pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

PAPER PRESENTATIONS DAY 1

With a lack of student’s motivation there will be a little or no real learning in the class and will directly effect student achievement and test scores. Some students are naturally motivated about learning, but many students are not motivated. They do not care about learning; they need their instructors to motivate them. So motivating students is part of the instructor’s job and its tough task and not easy to motivate the students. In this paper, the students in Foundation Program at Qatar University were asked about the best methods that may help motivate and encourage them to study more, and to make them more attention and enthusiasm through a questionnaire which contained 17 questions and distributed among all of them. The questionnaire was used to determine some methods to motivate the students and encourage them to study such as introducing variety of teaching activities; encouraging students to participate during the lectures; creating intense competition between the students; using instructional technology; disregarding using the grades as threats; and respecting the students and treating them in a good way. An analysis of the results and some figures are presented, some hypotheses are tested and finally conclusions and recommendations are presented. Keywords: Education, motivating, student, teacher, learning, descriptive design, Quatar

Attitude, Self-Efficacy and Students’ Academic Performance in Mathematics RANDY A. TUDY ORCID No. 0000-0001-6535-6129 randytudy@cjc.edu.ph CorJesu College, Philippines Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 · 3:51 – 4:10pm · Venue: Cobalt 7 Mathematics is an interesting and a very challenging subject. Several studies reported different factors which lead to students’ poor performance in this subject. This study aimed to determine the influence of attitude and self-efficacy towards academic performance in Mathematics for Grade 8 students. It employed causal-correlational research design. It made use of Mean Score, t-test and Multiple Regression to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the level of academic performance of the students was satisfactory or approaching proficiency. In terms of the level of attitude towards Mathematics subject, it was either positive or negative. As to the students’ self-efficacy, it was neither high nor low. No significant difference was found on the level of attitude and self-efficacy when grouped according to sex. It was also discovered that only attitude towards Mathematics manifested significant influence to academic performance. The findings on the academic performance confirmed the country’s poor showing in Mathematics both in international and national surveys. Students who have shown positive attitude towards the subject tend to perform well. Hence, developing a positive attitude towards the subject can improve students’ academic performance. School administrators, teachers and other stakeholders have the responsibility of helping the students in this aspect. Keywords: Mathematics, self-efficacy, attitudes towards Mathematics, causal-correlational design, Philippines

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

Alumni Tracer for BEEd-SPED Graduates of the University of Bohol MARIANNE ACULLADOR ORCID No. 0000-0001-5377-4366 marianne.acullador16@gmail.com University of Bohol, Philippines Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 · 4:31 – 4:50pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

PAPER PRESENTATIONS DAY 1

Tracer Study is one of the important tools used in evaluating the products of the program of the Teachers College of the University of Bohol and in assessing quality of education. The study aimed to look into the significant factors as to relevance, usefulness and appropriateness of the SPED program of the University of Bohol in shaping the success of many SPED graduates in the job market today. The respondents of the study were the BEED major in Special Education graduates from batch 20072012. It utilized frequencies, percentages in going over the personal, educational and professional profiles of graduates with BEED-SPED majors and weighted mean in classifying the extent that the personal, interpersonal intellectual and specific skills as perceived as important and the extent of possessing those categories of skills. Almost all of the BEED major in SPED graduates are LET passers and majority are employed as teachers in private institutions and a small percentage at government offices. There is a need to inform the curriculum planners as regards the results of the study for the enhancement of the Special Education program of the Teachers College of the University of Bohol. Keywords: Management, tracer study, teacher education, special education majors, descriptive design, Philippines

Career Outcomes of SLSU College of Teacher Education Graduates from AY 2005-2010: Reflection of SLSU Ideals LUCILA E. ABSULIO ORCID No. 0000-0002-2524-7136 absulio_lucila@yahoo.com Southern Luzon State University, Philippines Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 · 4:51 – 5:10pm · Venue: Cobalt 7 Guided by the CHED demands for quality education, this study confirmed that CTE upholds the ideals of SLSU. This survey study dealt with the career outcomes of CTE graduates AY 2005-2010 from First Congressional District of Quezon. The findings showed that in a sample of 359 graduates, most of them are female and 64% of them are married and satisfied with their jobs. There are graduates who hold administrative positions; most of them are engaged in teaching in three levels: elementary, secondary and tertiary. Some graduates are teaching abroad, while most of them are employed in CALABARZON area. Results also reveal that the administrators and peers have high regards on the graduates’ teaching competencies. Finally, the CTE graduates commented positively on the programs and services offered by the college. Thus, CTE is truly reflecting the goals of SLSU in serving the clienteles at its best. It is therefore recommended by the researchers to conduct a more comprehensive and wider in scope tracer study from the main and satellite campuses of the university. Keywords: career outcomes, employment status, job satisfaction, Philippines

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Nursing Aptitude: Can it be measured? MAXIE ANDRADE ORCID No. 0000-0002-4375-6233 amaxie@hotmail.com Manipal University, India Day 1 Feb. 25, 2014 · 5:11 – 5:30pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

PAPER PRESENTATIONS DAY 1

Nursing curricula in India is uniform for nursing training programs. A decade ago, the national and global demand for nurses to liberalization of nursing education in India. Today there is a growing concern on the issue of ‘quality of nursing care’ inviting nursing education departments to reflect on the strategies used to admit and train nurses. Currently there is no practice of assessing nursing aptitude on entry to nursing programs. Students who are medically fit and have scored a minimum of 45% marks in Pre-university science course are declared eligible for B. Sc. Nursing program in India. This study aimed to identify nursing potential of aspirants of graduate nursing program. Researcher sought permission from persons in authority, developed nursing aptitude tool (NAT-INDIA), subjected it for validation by a panel of experts and estimated its reliability (α = 0.877) using a cross sectional design. Data from the pilot study was subjected to comparison of aptitude scores with academic performance. The pre-university scores reveal NAT-INDIA as a valid predictor of nursing potential. However, aptitude and academic performance scores had a weak relationship with clinical performance scores, which invited attention on retraining the faculty on student evaluation techniques. Keywords: Social science, nursing aptitude, graduate nursing program, descriptive survey, India

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

Publications of dissertations: Quality, Quantity and the Associated Factors SHREEMATHI S. MAYYA ORCID No. 0000-0003-0753-9490 shreemathi.mayya@manipal.edu Manipal University, India Day 2 Feb. 26, 2014 · 1:00 – 1:20pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

PAPER PRESENTATIONS DAY 2

PhD scholars are an important part of the academic workforce. To judge the standard of the PhD work, it is absolutely necessary to publish in refereed journal(s). Publication in well-recognized International or national refereed journals ensures that the scientific community over the world has accepted the contribution of the author as significant or useful. The objective of the study was to assess the quality and quantity of dissertations publications and to identify the factors associated with publication. A cross sectional survey of 180 PhD holders in India was conducted to collect data on publications using a questionnaire. Study was conducted after the approval of Institutional ethical committee. Forty four percent of the PhD holders had original research publication, but only 22% where in refereed journals. Chi-square test followed by logistic regression reveal significant association between research publication and training on preparation of research article (P=0.002) and statistical analysis (P=0.018). Hence, the study recommends an intensive short course on research methodology, manuscript writing, and, statistical analysis and interpretation of data for the PhD scholars at the entry level to improve the quality and quantity of original research publications. Keywords: Higher Education, dissertation quality, research publications, descriptive-correlational design, India

Modality in Conclusion Sections of Academic Journal Articles DJUWARI ORCID No. 0000-0002-2750-3463 djuwari@perbanas.ac.id STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia Day 2 Feb. 26, 2014 · 1:21 – 1:40pm · Venue: Cobalt 7 In applied linguistics, especially of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) approach, modality is very often used in academic articles. In addition, this modality is also important for expressing the authors’ commitment to arguing, especially in conclusion section. This study attempted to reveal how the modality is expressed in academic writing written by the authors of academic journals. This study employed qualitative methods, in which the subjects are the documents in the forms of research articles (RAs) submitted by the contributors for publication in academic journals. The data were collected from the articles submitted to the accredited research journal. There were 20 RAs selected purposively and then analyzed using the three types of modality showing: low commitment, medium commitment, and high commitment. A triangulator as another investigator was also employed for peer debriefing to get trustworthiness. From this analysis, the uniqueness and styles of expressing the arguments in the conclusion sections were explored and described. It is found that the authors expressed their commitments in different ways. Some used high commitments, while others used medium and low commitments in their conclusion sections. It can be recommended that using modality for commitment in academic articles be appropriated for the evidence presented in the research. Keywords: Applied linguistics, modality, low commitment, medium commitments, and high commitments, RAs, descriptive design, Indonesia

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

The Use of Social Media Platforms for Classroom Instruction CATHERINE R. ALIMBOYONG ORCID No. 0000-0002-6209-0289 catherinealimboyong@gmail.com Surigao del Sur State University - Main Campus, Philippines Day 2 Feb. 26, 2014 · 1:51 – 2:10pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

PAPER PRESENTATIONS DAY 2

Social Media has become not just part of our everyday lives but also a part of education particularly in the teachinglearning process. The study aimed to assess students and instructors’ experience on the use of social media for classroom instruction including the social media features, its advantages and challenges. Descriptive-qualitative method of research was employed using random samples of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science student- respondents and complete enumeration for the instructor- respondents. The study utilized 187 student- respondents and six instructor-respondents who consistently used social media in instruction. Standardized questionnaire was used in this study. Data were tallied and statistically treated utilizing simple weighted mean as a statistical tool. Result shows that both instructors and students had positive feedback in the integration of social media platforms in classroom instruction. However, this new strategy is challenged by lack of computer facilities and strong Internet connection in SDSSU that impede the success of this learning strategy. Moreover, the university administration is also challenged to provide more computer facilities and strong Internet connection in the whole vicinity of the university so that the use of social media in instruction will be fully practiced. Keywords: Education, social media platforms, assessment, descriptive-qualitative design, Philippines

Profiling the Effects of Campus Noise Intensities to the Academic Activities of the Learners RENAN P. LIMJUCO ORCID No. 0000-0002-1812-8673 rlimjuco@uic.edu.ph University of the Immaculate Conception, Philippines Day 2 Feb. 26, 2014 · 2:11 – 2:30pm · Venue: Cobalt 7 A research on noise intensity is important because all people are exposed to noise and are, therefore, vulnerable to its possible harmful effects. This study determined the noise intensities in elementary, secondary and tertiary campuses along the streets of Davao City and assessed their effects on the academic activities of the learners. It also determined whether the level of noise goes beyond the acceptable level for a working environment and whether the learners are affected by the noise-related disturbances and annoyances. This investigation employed a descriptive method, specifically a mix of comparison and correlation. A survey to 750 purposively chosen respondents from 15 schools as regards the effects of noise intensities to their academic activities in school was conducted. Findings reveal that the noise level experienced by elementary and secondary learners is within the acceptable level for the working environment. However, university and college students experience noise level which creates speech interference and communication disturbance. The extent of effect of noise intensities on lecture sessions, classroom learning accomplishments and classroom session breaks experienced by the learners in these campuses is on a moderate level. This study concludes that noise intensity is not associated with the academic activities of the learners across the curriculum. Keywords: Environmental science, noise, noise intensity, campus, academic activities, learners, descriptive-comparative design, Philippines

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

Effective Teaching Pedagogies: Performative Teaching in Large Tertiary Classrooms MAHESHVARI NAIDU ORCID No. 0000-0003-0398-3834 naiduu@ukzn.ac.za University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Day 2 Feb. 26, 2014 · 2:31 – 2:50pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

PAPER PRESENTATIONS DAY 2

An anthropological approach to education is cognisant of the cultural aspect of teaching. Such a perspective works from the embedded assumption that effective and engaged teaching practices recognize the importance of making real world connections between the subject material taught and the students’ experiences, through effective and ‘engaged’ teaching. The study aimed to investigate how meaningful teaching praxis emanates from a teaching philosophy driven by the belief that teaching and learning are collaborative processes between the teacher and students and their cultural backgrounds. The instrument used was qualitative interview feedback and results from students regarding actual experiences of a large first year Anthropology class. The results show that one can use ‘performative teaching’ and ‘performance’ teaching that creates a classroom culture that is structured, in that it allows one to guide learning of the material of students’ real world connections and concepts, while still being flexible enough to allow the class to follow the contours of the discussion of concepts and theories that are organically prompted within the class. Located within the discipline of educational anthropology, the paper works through a reflexive and reflective methodology, and shows that this kind of effective pedagogy can articulate through replicable performative teaching. Keywords: Education, pedagogy, performative teaching, engaged teaching, anthropological education, descriptive design, South Africa

Practice Teaching Performance and Academic Achievement of the BSEd Graduates of the University of Northern Philippines JOSE P. PICHAY ORCID No. 0000-0002-2984-6726 josepichay@gmail.com University of Northern Philippines, Philippines Day 2 Feb. 26, 2014 · 3:11 – 3:30pm · Venue: Cobalt 7 Teacher Education is one of the most important aspects of human resources development efforts in the new millennium. With the incredibly rapid changes in technology that happen in almost phases of industry, the teacher can become a very critical component in industrial undertaking. This study was undertaken to look into the practice performance of the BSE graduates and their achievement in the major, professional, and general education subjects. It also determined the relationship of their academic achievement along the three areas to their actual practice teaching performance. The researcher utilized documentary analysis. This is a descriptive-correlational research where data were statistically treated, analyzed, and interpreted. Results show that the level of academic achievement of respondents along professional education subjects is Very Good; general education and major subjects are Good; and as a whole, Very Good. Likewise, academic achievement is significantly related to practice teaching performance. The grades considered as almost homogeneous; the respondents’ academic achievement level is by and large high; their practice teaching performance is very high; and both are significantly related; the administration of the Teaching Aptitude Test (TAT) as an important entry requirement in the education program including the use of updated materials used by teachers and students. Keywords: Education, practice teaching performance and academic achievement, decriptive-correlational design, Philippines

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Academic Performance and LET Ratings of Teachers College Graduates, University of Bohol LEAH ECHAVEZ-PILONGO ORCID No. 0000-0001-6380-1831 leahechavez@yahoo.com University of Bohol, Philippines Day 2 Feb. 26, 2014 · 3:31 – 3:50pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

PAPER PRESENTATIONS DAY 2

Academic performance in this study is measured in terms of the General Percentage Average (GPA). It is one of the outcomes of the educational goals of the program which is evidently shown in the school records and greatly determines future successes of graduates. This study aimed to look into the graduates’ academic performance (GPA) in relation to the result of their Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET). The study utilized documentary analysis, correlation, and analysis of variance of the LET results and academic performance (GPA) for the BEED and BSED graduates from School Years 2009 to 2012. The result showed that the majority of BEED graduates with GPA ratings of 2.01-2.50 were classified as Good and majority of BSED graduates with GPAs ratings of 1.51-2.0 were categorized as Very Good. Majority of these BEED and BSED LET examinees passed such licensure examination which tallied the University’s LET rating higher than the PRC’s national passing. Results of this study imply that graduates who immediately took the licensure examination are more likely to pass the BEED and BSED licensure test. The outcome of this study may be one of the bases for the curricular review of the courses and programs of the Teachers College in upholding the quality and standards of the VMG of the University of Bohol. Keywords: Education, academic performance, Grade Percentage Average (GPA) Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET), descriptive-correlation design, Philippines

Teachers’ Profile, Characteristics and Student Achievement in Science and Mathematics in the RVM Secondary Schools in Southern Mindanao SYLVIA J. PIDOR ORCID No 0000-0002-3132-6180 sylviapidor@gmail.com University of the Immaculate Conception Day 2 Feb. 26, 2014 · 3:51 – 4:10pm · Venue: Cobalt 7 Based from the results of the 2004 Third International Math and Science Study (TIMSS), Filipino students showed a dismal performance in Mathematics and Science subjects. The Department of Education (2005) reveals a widespread recognition of the need to raise the standard in Science and Mathematics education, hence this study. It aimed to determine teacher’s profile and characteristics as determinants of the student’s achievement in science and mathematics. Descriptive correlation method was used in the study employing universal sampling. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test were the statistical tools used. Findings revealed that the professional qualities of the RVM Science and Mathematics teachers are outstanding which include mastery of the subject, understanding the learners, understanding of the teaching principles and understanding and appreciation of the teaching profession. Moreover, the personal qualities of these teachers are rated very satisfactory. These include personality, instructional leadership and creativity. Further, there is a significant relationship between professional qualities and science and mathematics achievement. Likewise, there is a significant relationship between personal qualities and science and mathematics achievement. Finally, it is said that a comprehensive faculty development program has to be constantly implemented by the RVM school administrators to assure the efficient and effective instructional delivery. Keywords: Science and math education, student achievement, RVM secondary schools, correlation, Philippines

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

The Perspective of Artists and Viewers on Selected Paintings of Dabawenyo Artists EMMA V. SAGARINO ORCID No. 0000-0002-8157-4035 esagarino@uic.edu.ph University of the Immaculate Conception, Philippines Day 2 Feb. 26, 2014 · 4:31 – 4:50pm · Venue: Cobalt 7

PAPER PRESENTATIONS DAY 2

Artwork as a medium of expression reveal themes such as politics, culture, practices, beliefs, environment and many more. The value of artwork may lie in the appreciation given to it by the viewers. Thus, this study verified whether the youth of today possessed the ability to appreciate and interpret messages conveyed through an artwork. Six paintings of two artists from Davao City, Philippines were explored and exposed. The paintings were shown to 20 purposively chosen students from the University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City. After the viewing, two separate Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted. The two artists were also interviewed as to the themes and messages they have embodied through their paintings. The common theme conveyed by Engr. Mendros is anchored on Biblical verses. It is understandable that his viewers were able to interpret the messages—“The Creation” and Jesus Walking on Top of the Water” because the study participants were composed of Philosophy students who were ex-seminarians. They were able to relate to most of the symbols reflected in the paintings. Mr. Espinosa had exposed Filipino culture and some political issues and many of his viewers were able to capture the messages as they were able to relate to them as well. Keywords: Education, artwork viewers, Dabawenyo artists, paintings, descriptive design, Philippines

Strategy of Improving Competitive Advantage in Batik Small Enterprises (SME) In Indonesia BASUKI RACHMAT ORCID No: 0000-0002-3327-6746 basuki@perbanas.ac.id STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia Day 2 Feb. 26, 2014 · 4:51 – 5:10pm · Venue: Cobalt 7 A tight competition has affected small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of Batik Traditional Clothes. In this condition, human resources’ competency is required. This attempts to identify the competencies required by HRs in Indonesian Batik SMEs, the characteristics of the internal key factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external key factors (opportunities and threats) within the scope of human resource development in Indonesian batik SMEs. It also formulates a model of strategy (grand strategy) of HR competency development. Job description analysis is implemented with the internal factor evaluation and matrix analysis and of external factors analysis, as well as a SWOT analysis. It shows development on both on the part of the motive, batik section, staining section, and smoothing sections. Thus it creates lack of organizational structure and no job description document. This resulted in another for example; the characteristics of external factors, those Batik SMEs human resources are below the average, prone to be less competitive, facing a serious threat. The internal factors such as HR competencies of Batik SMEs are also under the average. It is urgent to improve the HRs’ competitiveness to maximize government support to increase Batik SME human resource competencies, through training, standardizing human resource competencies of SMEs to maximize government support, and the like. Keywords: Marketing, Competitive Advantage, Competitiveness, SMEs Batik, Indonesia

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

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2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) Ritz Carlton 路 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 路 February 25-26, 2014

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Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton 路 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 路 February 25-26, 2014

IAMURE Member Institutions Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology Cagayan State University - Sanchez Mira Cebu Normal University

Negros Oriental State University Philippine Normal University-Agusan Campus S.T.I.E. Perbanas

Central Mindanao University

San Isidro College

Davao Central College

San Pedro College

Davao Doctors College

Southern Leyte State University

De La Salle - Lipa Guimaras State College Holy Cross Davao College

St. Peterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College - Iligan City Surigao del Sur State University Universidad de Zamboanga

John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation - Bacolod

University of Bohol

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - MOLO

University of Cebu

La Consolacion College - Bacolod Leyte Normal University Liceo de Cagayan University Lyceum of the Philippines â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Batangas Misamis University Pamatasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela

University of Immaculate Concepcion University of Mindanao University of Northern Philippines University of San Jose-Recoletos Jose Rizal Memorial State University Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529

Philippine clients of IAMURE • Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies • Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology • Ajuy National High School • AMA Computer College-Davao • Ateneo de Davao University • Ateneo de Manila University • Ateneo de Naga University • Ayungon National High School • Basakan Elementary School • Basilan State College • Bataan Peninsula State University • Batangas State University, ARASOF Nasugbu • Benguet State University • Bicol University • Bohol Island State University • Bukidnon State University • Cagayan State University • Cagayan State University - Sanchez Mira • Capitol University • Capiz State University • Caraga State University • Carlos Hilado Memorial State College • Cebu Institute of Technology – University • Cebu Normal University • Cebu Technological Univerisity-Barili Campus • Cebu Technological University • Central Bicol State University of Agriculture • Central Bicol State University of Agriculture-Sipocot • Central Mindanao University • Central Philippines State Unviersity • Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod • Consolacion Community College • CorJesu College • Daniel Mercado Medical Center Institute of Health Science • Davao Central College • Davao Doctors College • Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology • De La Salle Lipa • De La Salle University - Taft • Department of Education-Division of Cagayan de Oro City • Department of Social Welfare and Development Regional Field Office IV-A • Department of Education-Division of Leyte • Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University • Father Saturnino Urios University • Guimaras State College • Holy Cross Davao College • Holy Name University

• Iligan Medical Center College • Iloilo State College of Fisheries-Dumangas • Isabela State University • Isabela State University San Mateo Campus • John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation - Bacolod • John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Arevalo • John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Molo • Jose Rizal Memorial State University • Kalinga-Apayao State College • La Consolacion College - Bacolod • La Consolacion University • La Salle University – Ozamiz • Leyte Normal University • Liceo de Cagayan University • Lyceum of the Philippines University-Batangas • Macabalan National High School • Malinao National High School • Manila Times College • Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital College • Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology • Mindanao University of Science and Technology • Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology – Calapan City Campus • Misamis University • Mountain View College • National Museum of the Philippines • Natom National High School • Negros Oriental State University • Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology • Nueva Vizcaya State University • Occidental Mindoro State College • Our Lady of Fatima University • Palawan State University • Pamantasanng Lungsod ng Maynila • Pamantasanng Lungsod ng Valenzuela • Partido State University • Philippine Christian University • Philippine Normal University • Philippine Normal University - Agusan Campus • Philippine Rice Research Institute • Polytechnic University of the Philippines • Quirino State College • Ramon Magsaysay Technological University • Saint Louis University • Samar State University • San Agustin Institute of Technology • San Pedro College • San Isidro College

2nd International Conference on Higher Education Research (ICHER 2014) The Ritz Carlton · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia · February 25-26, 2014

• Silliman University • Siquijor State College • Sorsogon State College • Southern Leyte State University • Southern Leyte State University-Tomas Oppus • Southern Luzon State University-Lucban • Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology • Southern Philippines Medical Center • Southwestern University • St. Mary’s University • St. Paul University • St. Peter’s College - Iligan CIty • St. Therese-MTC Colleges • Surigao del Sur State University • Surigao State College of Technology • Surigao State College of Technology – Del Carmen Campus • Systems Plus College Foundation • Tarlac State University • Universidad de Zamboanga • University of Antique • University of Baguio • University of Bohol • University of Cebu • University of Immaculate Concepcion • University of Mindanao • University of Northern Philippines • University of Saint Louis-Tuguegarao • University of San Carlos • University of San Jose Recoletos • University of Santo Tomas • University of Southeastern Philippines • University of Southern Mindanao • University of Southern Philippines Foundation • University of the Cordilleras • University of the Immaculate Conception • University of the Philippines - Baguio • University of the Philippines - Cebu • University of the Philippines - Manila • University of the Philippines Los Baños • University of the Philippines Open University • Wesleyan University • West Visayas State University • Western Mindanao State University • Western Philippines University • Western Visayas College of Science and Technology • Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan

Theme: New Paradigms for New Outcomes in Higher Education ISSN: 2094-9529