IAMURE WRF 2013 BOA by IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research

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Messages

Conference Programme

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Keynote Speech

Concurrent Sessions Day 1

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Concurrent Sessions Day 2

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WRF 2013 Awards

Concurrent Sessions Day 3

IAMURE Personnel

PAIR Member Institutions

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World Research Festival 2013

Welcome to the World Research Festival 2013 organized by the International Association of Multidisciplinary Research, the Philippine Association of of Institutions for Research and endorsed by the Commission on Higher Education at the Marco Polo Hotel, a crown jewel of Davao’s tourism industry! Davao City is one of the cleanest, safest, greenest, and most livable cities in Asia and the largest city in the world by land area.

We have chosen the theme: “Research for a sustainable world!” to emphasize the need for breakthrough, relevant, and useful researches to maintain a sustainable world. To amplify on this theme, we have invited a powerhouse of 5 keynote speakers: Dr. Roberto N. Padua, former Commissioner on Higher Education (Philippines); Dr. Ken Kawasaki of Kochi University of Technology (Japan); Dr. Safary Wa-Mbaleka, Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies; Dr. Emarlie Van Heerden, Tshwane University of Technology (South Africa); and Dr. Wesley Kendall, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (Vietnam). On hand to support are the plenary speakers: Dr. Romulo Sisno (Philippines), Dr. Daisy Jane C. Orcullo (Malaysia),Dr. Ronnie V. Amorado (Philippines), Dr. Sunia Fukofuka (Kingdom of Tonga), Dr. Ismael N. Talili (Philippines), and Dr. Roel Palo Anicas (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). This year, we have introduced new awards to recognize book authors, publications in Thomson Reuters and Scopus Indexed Journals, university support to researches in conferences and journal publications, and quality of abstracts. You are coming as ambassadors of your respective countries and agents of social change of your universities. The new friendships shall result in research collaborations, partnerships and linkages in research and publications. IAMURE is growing fast and to cope with the work, we now have eight full-time personnel. We now have 16 international journals with the addition of six fields specific ecology journals (terrestrial, aquatic, marine, plant, animal, molecular biology). We have acquired software program for online journal publication including 35 steps using ISO procedures. Beginning May 1, 2013 you can now verify online the status of your submitted articles. We have crossed the seas by staging conferences in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore. We have conferences in France and South Korea for this year. For 2014, we will go to Brazil, Greece, Cambodia, and Dubai. Every year, we have six international conferences, four are held abroad and two are in the Philippines. For this year, please support the International Conference in Higher Education Research at Marriott Hotel, Pasay City, November 26-29, 2013. Our tagline for IAMURE is “World platform for celebrity researchers! “Today, you are the celebrities in scientific research!

Genaro V. Japos President

message Warm greetings to the IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research in cooperation with the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research (PAIR), University of Immaculate Conception, University of Mindanao, Holy Cross of Davao College, Davao Doctors College, Brokenshire College, and Davao Central College for holding the World Research Festival 2013 on May 1-4, 2013. Now on its second year, the World Research Festival 2013 proposes to provide a forum for both professional and student researchers for the dissemination of high impact researches, strengthen collaboration among researchers and institutions, and promote quality research publications as credible of scientific literature.

Thus, the Commission on Higher Education welcomes this gathering of researchers from all over the world. This Festival is an opportunity for Filipino researchers not only to interact with other individuals who have done extensive research in various fields in their own countries, but to explore the ways through which their various researches could be disseminated through prestigious scientific journals. Working together and pursuing a specific set of goals, the participants will have the opportunity for further intellectual exchange and help solidify the role of research in their various institutions of learning. Mabuhay!

Patricia B. Licuanan, Ph.D. Chairperson

World Research Festival 2013

As the world undergoes radical changes not only in its technological and scientific advances, in the quantity and quality of new knowledge, but as profoundly, in the way we view reality and its complexities, the role of research cannot be underestimated. For decades, research has been a viable means to help various sectors of the world community make sense of reality, to illumine through rigorous and scientific research the hitherto unexplored facets of the human experience, to offer specific programs to deal with interconnected issues that affect numerous nations.

message It gives me great pleasure to welcome participants to this World Research Festival 2013 holding on May 1-4, 2013 at the Marco Polo Hotel, Davao City, Philippines.

World Research Festival 2013

I must congratulate IAMURE for organizing this World Research Festival. The theme - “Research for a Sustainable World, “ is current, timely, relevant and attractive. It shows that researchers are conscious of, and responsive of meaningful public debate and action.

We can recollect that the debate for sustainability regained attention during the decade of 2000’s when UNESCO emphasized the attainment of “Education for All” by year 2015. This is with a view to ensuring that everyone, whether young or old that knocks at the door of education is not denied access. This is to ensure that a large number of citizens of different nations are greatly educated. To this end, the issue of “Education for All: will ensure that there is sustainability of the business of education, which research is at the peak of it. Sustainability development is designed to meet the needs of the present generations from diverse region, continent, race, language and religious beliefs without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their requisite needs. Notably, developing countries strive and struggle to sustain their development predicated on their gross domestic product (GDP) which in the recent times has been declining in some countries. In order to address the different views and contribute harvest diverse views of experts from different fields. Much of the papers to be presented during this IAMURE - organized World Research Festival 2013 is expected to have a far-reaching and positive impact on addressing global sustainability issues in all areas. Our researches are supposed to influence many aspects of everyday life and highlights of work achieved by academics and give the state of research across the globe. This festival is in the right direction to encourage scientists to become involved in problem-oriented research that can bring meaningful changes to our society. Again, permit to reemphasis that the theme of this festival is very apt, within a world where resources are bound to limit our possibilities; research is looking for solutions enabling to limit the use of natural resources and to provide better ways of producing goods. Although such a field relies on technological development, changes of paradigm are also needed and that only basic research will be able to provide disruptive and innovating solutions. In order to make our world meaningful, the world needs the very best researchers to work on the crucial challenges, generating first-rate and innovative research, which will provide vital guidance for both policy and society’s response. I believe that this festival would strongly address.

Apart from the traditional functions of the university education which are teaching, research and community service, universities all over the world, particularly researchers are expected to play other roles in relation to the sustainable development of each country so as to meet the global challenges that have pervaded all over the world. No doubt, research has brought with it, modern technology which calls for critical improvement, assessment, evaluation and total overhauling of the status-quo. For this reason, university researchers cannot remain to be static. The need to meet these challenges has therefore increased the roles of, and expectations from researchers to tailor their researches to more sustainable and meaningful researches. It is hope that this festival will discuss the links between research and sustainable research.

I wish participants at this festival rewarding, purposeful, fulfilling and fruitful deliberations.

Soji Oni, Ph.D. University of Lagos, Nigeria Email: aoluoni@yahoo.com

World Research Festival 2013

It is against this background that I consider the theme and sub-theme of this festival as worthwhile and capable of generating useful deliberations. I am convinced that the distinguished scholars assembled at this festival with highly diversified expertise in research will accomplish this task.

message It is indeed an honor to write my views on research for a sustainable world. Where we were yesterday and where we are standing today and what we are going to achieve tomorrow? These are all quite big questions, especially the question about “Green Tomorrow”. Is it possible?

World Research Festival 2013

According to ABI / Inform Database from January 1990 to January 1994, less than 0.003% of research articles were discussing phrases such as biosphere, environmental quality, ecosystem, or sustainable development. Today we are having World Research Festival 2013 to make the plans for a sustainable world and I believe that every aspect of life on earth can be influenced by positive and long lasting, sustainability approaches

World Research Festival 2013 is a great opportunity for the researchers to share their views and experiences, to learn from each other, to present latest research findings and to develop new or strengthened existing collaboration. I hope that this conference will be an important step in bringing together the “Sustain Centrist” at one platform. I can see a profound epistemological crisis if we do not take any major steps for the sustainability of our world. Foremost problems to be taken care are carbon footprint, crops, water, greenhouse gas emission and fossil fuel energy.

PAP RSB Institute of Health Sciences Universiti Brunei Darussalam

From cosmetic to crops, we need to develop green technologies we have to find sustainable methods in every aspect of our lives. We also have to make behavioral changes as NOT to reduce biodiversity, increase the color of the water and carbon loss. Every day hundreds of million people, go to sleep without food and to help the situation researchers need to focus on developing innovative methods for the improvement of crop by developing novel climate technologies and ecosystem services. We have to do research on developing novel techniques as to utilize our waste and to produce ‘safe’ fertilizers from this waste. With the time, our soil is getting low in organic material and in turn, there is low fertility. Researchers should be more focused on using plant extracts for the development of makeup perfumes and hair colors. Carbon footprint as well as consumption of nonrenewable energy should be reduced. Please use this calculator before driving a car using a computer or travelling on a plane. (http://www.enviroduck.com/cfcmain.gif) Present world seems to be the consumer’s world we have loads of reusable goods and we need to recycle them by finding new homes for such items. This act will help us to retain the sustainability of the world. We have to save water by developing water free cleaning methods and we have to reduce greenhouse gas emission by supporting services designed to facilitate low carbon innovations. We have to start manufacturing sustainable appliances, which are not using fossil fuel energy. Plant genetic engineers must focus on developing plants resistance to parasites, bacteria and viruses, as this is the most sustainable way to increase the crop production and to protect the environment. I would like to congratulate the organizing committee of this festival. My sincere gratitude goes to all involved, who have worked very hard in this worthwhile effort to organize and ensure the success of World Research Festival 2013. Their commitment and dedication in organizing this challenging task is something we treasure and proud of. In the end I will leave you with this saying, “Nothing in this world is as powerful as an idea whose time has come”. (Victor Hugo, 1802-1885) With best regards

Prof. Dr. Kaneez Fatima Shad Email: ftmshad@gmail.com

message University of South Africa: Building knowledge through research for a sustainable world First and foremost, I would like to take the opportunity to utter my deepest admiration for the opportunity to be a part of the World Research Festival 2013 in the Philippines. I would also like to congratulate and reward the International Association of Multidisciplinary Research (IAMURE) and the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research (PAIR) for hosting the World Research Festival 2013 from the 1st to the 4th of May 2013 at the Marco Polo Hotel in Davao City, Philippines. The conference provides an excellent opportunity for industry professionals and academic institutions to recognise new and innovative discoveries that have a significant contribution to the global knowledge base.

The College of Economic and Management Sciences (CEMS) has embarked on an active process of improving the research capacity of researchers in the college and are committed to providing relevant research that makes a significant contribution to the development of South Africa and the African continent. UNISA is dynamic in both academic and commercial research in numerous areas of specialisation and has established itself as the largest in South Africa in terms of academic students. Professor Mandla Makhanya, the Principal and Vice-Chancellor of UNISA, state that the mission of research at UNISA is to advance the realisation of excellent research and innovative solutions that address important national and global questions, and contribute to the economic, social, cultural and environmental well-being of South Africa and the African continent. Through these research activities the university contributes to the knowledge and information society, advances development, nurtures a critical citizenry and ensures sustainability. Ultimately, humanity is confronted with an assortment of challenges that dictate the collaboration of the most excellent researchers using multidisciplinary perspectives for addressing global sustainability concerns. I warmly welcome all the presenters and visitors to the World Research Festival 2013 and the Philippines. I wish you all the best and happy researching. Sincerely Yours,

Professor Michael Colin Cant Head: Department of Marketing and Retail Management University of South Africa (UNISA) cantmc@unisa.ac.za

World Research Festival 2013

I am the head of the Department of Marketing and Retail Management at the University of South Africa (UNISA), which is a leading open distance learning (ODL) and world-renowned academic institution. UNISA is the longest standing dedicated distance education university, enrolling one-third of all South African students and seeks to provide quality education and instil in students an infatuation for research and knowledge. UNISA embraces the fact that they need to rapidly adapt to the fast-paced higher education environment of the 21st century, which they reflect in their management style and leadership practices. One of the key aspirations of UNISA is to harness the new and emerging potential in information and communication technology to catapult the university into a truly digital future.

message It is a great chance for the participants in the prestigious event called the World Research Festival 2013 (WRF 2013). This is due to the good values derived from this wonderful contest.

World Research Festival 2013

One of the values is the opportunity to get acknowledged with the recent advancement related to science and technology, especially multidisciplinary research and development. Through this prestigious festival, the participants will be enlightened. As we acknowledge that this event is done by the great intellectual organizations: IAMURE and PAIR. The former stands for the International Association of Multidisciplinary Research that is the greatest world organization recognized worldwide. The latter refers to the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research, the best of the best for the entire Philippines.

The two intellectual organizations above, to the best of my knowledge are the symbols of the existence of the world greatest intellectuals with their wide horizon which is not limited to the sole discipline but also multidisciplinary fields of science. This represents that these organizations are able to provide the members or participants with wider information, knowledge, and of course, opportunities to actualize their potentials. Another value is that, through this world research festival, the members or the participants in this WRF 2013 can keep abreast of the present advancement related to our intellectuality. These two organizations: IAMURE and PAIR are recognized worldwide. This represents that all the topics and themes that have been chosen for the events resemble the recent phenomenon and problems which should be taken into account. Being the members—and especially the participants—of these two organizations means we are really responsible for our main jobs. As an intellectual with responsibility related to our existence, we are lucky to have the chance to be the members or participants. As such, we are always acknowledged with every development in our field of science. As a member of IAMURE and an editor of its academic journals, I have to say “Congratulations!” to you all the members and especially the participants in this unforgettable, prestigious, and fruitful intellectual event: World Research Festival 2013. Last of all, I have to express my gratitude and high appreciation to the president of IAMURE, Prof. Dr. Genaro V. Japos, the man behind these great intellectual organizations, who have been crafting the ornaments of intellectuality with Great Spirit and passion. With his high spirit and enthusiasm for making the world borderless, IAMURE and PAIR can become the best twin intellectual organizations. Congratulations!

Dr. Djuwari Director of Language Laboratory STIE Perbanas Surabaya, INDONESIA Chair of IAAJ for Asean Region Email: djuwari@perbanas.ac.id

message King Saud University: A Knowledge Sharing University in an Age of Globalism First of all, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and profound consideration for the International Association of Multidisciplinary Research (IAMURE) and the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research (PAIR) for holding the World Research Festival 2013 on May 1-4, 2013 at the Marco Polo Hotel, Davao City, Philippines, to celebrate, and reward, the outstanding achievements of a galaxy of distinguished researchers and excellent scholars from around the world, whose academic and scientific achievements contribute to the welfare of mankind. Of course, I warmly welcome all the participants and guests of World Research Festival 2013, and hope they make the best of this international conference.

Eventually, the theme of “Research for a sustainable World” truly fulfills the demands and aspirations of researchers and scholars to serve the world community, improve the quality of living, eliminate diseases, alleviate suffering, decrease poverty, advance technology, spread peace and maintain prosperity. There are definitely social, economic, political, environmental imperatives of sustainable development. Nevertheless, these various challenges that confront humanity nowadays necessitate the collaboration of the best researchers and scientists using multidisciplinary, or transdisciplinary, perspective for addressing global sustainability issues. I wish you all the best for World Research Festival 2013.

Sgd. Al-Assad Omar, PhD Assistant Professor CASCS, King Saud University

Email: dr.alassadomar@gmail.com

World Research Festival 2013

I teach at King Saud University, which is a leading knowledge-sharing university, not only in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, but also in the Arab world. It fosters creativity, innovation and collaboration. Furthermore, it opens its gates of knowledge to all remarkable researchers and innovative scholars, regardless of their nationalities and/ or backgrounds. Meanwhile, it seeks to provide its students with a quality education that instills in them the passion for research and the thirst for knowledge, maintaining the best practices and international standards in teaching and learning, so as to contribute a knowledge-based economy in the 21st century. According to KSU Rector Dr. Badran Alomar, “KSU aims to disseminate and promote knowledge in Saudi Arabia, widening its base of scientific and literary expertise, maintaining a competitive edge with other nations in the fields of Arts and Sciences, and contributing to discovery and invention.”

message John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University-Molo, Iloilo City extends its warm greetings to the participants of the World Research Festival (WRF 2013) at Marco Polo Hotel, Davao City, Philippines on May 1-4, 2013. This year’s theme, “Research for a Sustainable World”, which calls for all researchers to make a difference in their workplaces, is most timely in view of the radical changes occurring in the global environment.

World Research Festival 2013

IAMURE’s scholarly endeavor effectively converges researchers from across the world to engage themselves in sustainability-related research, This notable assembly affords participants wonderful synergy to be more inspired and ready to pursue sustainability issues and prospects in research, as well as increase sustainability-related research opportunities and enterprise. Sustainability needs to become part of people’s thinking, their way of life and their value system. This requires learning processes that transcend traditional ways of transferring knowledge and can be one of the more important components gained in this conference.

Meanwhile, the concept of sustainable research is becoming an increasingly important competitive factor in the different sectors in today’s world. In the creation of new knowledge, products, and services, improved resource efficiency and the avoidance of adverse environmental impacts in whatever field of endeavor have to be considered. The interlinking of technological progress with societal processes increases the acceptance of innovations and assists their introduction in education systems. Indeed, these are enough reasons for world researchers to convene and share their outputs and expertise. It is hoped that this conference would effectively address the role of research to create solutions and to hasten integration of economic, social, philosophical and ecological systems for problem solving and sustainable development in this dynamic and challenging world of the 21st century. I am happy to be part of this World Research Festival 2013 and for sharing our institution’s passion for research for a sustainable world. I believe that when people with different backgrounds meet together in a place where they are comfortable and where they get to know each other, it would be more likely that creativity, new knowledge, energy and convergence will evolve. With efforts that stem from its vision for achieving a society that functions in harmony with nature, I believe that sustainable research could and would continue to play a significant role in the development of new discoveries and solutions in the different fields or disciplines in the country, and ultimately in the world. Congratulations!

Sincerely yours,

Engr. Ralph L. Pador, PhD JBLFMU-Molo Administrator Email: ralph.pador@yahoo.com

message Once in a while, people with penchant for research and publication activities will define the moment and such is true for this occasion! A celebration of knowledge, discovery and invention for humanity! Warm Greetings to IAMURE and all the participants of the World Research Festival 2013! Welcome to Davao City, Philippines!

We are advocates of this year’s festival theme, “Research for a Sustainable World,” because it reflects clearly our beliefs: that no matter how significantly research can influence or even alter our world, we still must underscore that research should improve the quality of life but not destroy the very domain which allows it to pervade humanity; that even if the entire global village is enveloped by persistent universal issues that threaten our civilization, we still have hope in our researchers that use advanced technology to race with time to shape the destiny of the human race. Thus, research is basically good! On behalf of the University of the Immaculate Conception, I welcome you all again to this memorable convention here in the booming City of Davao. Madayaw!

S. Ma. Marissa R. Viri, RVM President, UIC Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013

The University of the Immaculate Conception (UIC) Administrators, Faculty, and Students thank all who are responsible for bringing to this place a momentous event that gathers scientists, researchers and inventors who are destined to change the world! We are also grateful to IAMURE for choosing our institution as co-host for this grand intellectual affair. Our participation, involvement and contribution to this international conference are manifestations of our commitment to promote research not only in academe but in larger communities as well. We are happy to support this undertaking because it enriches our understanding of the crucial role of research in the society. This partnership also brings to higher level our quest to intensify research involvement, strengthen institutional research agenda, forge international linkages and globalize research publications. On top of it all, this conference provides our faculty with more inspirations to conduct researches so that they may continue to produce and share new knowledge to students and community stakeholders. Thus, UIC’s joining the World Research Festival 2013 not only accelerates the realization of its vision, mission, and goals but also upholds CHED’s mandate to a university to be engaged actively in research.

message Let us protect with love all that God has given us!

Pope Francis

The roll of ecological disasters today could be extended endlessly. Sometimes it is only too easy to demonstrate the damage anthropogenic activities have brought to the wilderness of the world. It is more crucial nowadays to consider what should be done to address it.

World Research Festival 2013

The Holy Cross of Davao College (HCDC), through the excerpts taken from our Instructional Material: A Catechesis on Stewardship (2010), humbly offers the following thoughts to the growing literature and researches dealing with the sustainability of our world.

The issue of environmental degradation is a challenge to examine our lifestyles. Our life support system, the ecosystem, is on the verge of extinction. The widespread destruction of natural habitats that yield loss of diversity continues. In theological language, this is the irreversible destruction of God’s creation. This, according to Blessed John Paul II, calls for an “ecological conversion” of everyone. In Peace with God the Creator, Peace with All Creation, the Pope wrote: “Modern society will find no solution to the ecological problem unless it takes a serious look at its lifestyle. In many parts of the world, society is given to instant gratification and consumerism while remaining indifferent to the damage which these cause. ...Simplicity, moderation and discipline, as well as a spirit of sacrifice, must become a part of everyday life, lest all suffer the negative consequences of the careless habits of a few.” Pope Benedict, in If You Want Peace, Protect Creation, repeats the same message when he wrote: “technologicallyadvanced societies must be prepared to encourage more sober lifestyle.” Spirituality of stewardship is an option for a simple way of life. Anchored on the theological framework that everything belongs to God, the HCDC institutionalized the stewardship program (InSteP) in 2009 which was meant to be of enduring importance in the sole Archdiocesan Tertiary institution in Region XI. In 2010, during my inauguration as the School President, I have reiterated the call to support this worthwhile initiative: “Along with our thrust for excellence, we shall strengthen, too, our resolve to heed the call to stewardship, and sustain it by opting for a way of life that is simple and capable of checking excesses and unbridled wastes in our personal and institutional life”. After more than two years, InSteP remains a major challenge to the HCDC community.

Imbibing a consistent ethic of life is fundamental in addressing consumerism. Today, consumerism has taken a hold around the world that when “left unaddressed, we risk global disaster”. Not only does it destroy our ecosystems, consumerism pollutes our moral value system and erodes our quality of life. Giving in to consumerism and instant gratification, we have developed a culture in which everything is replaced or discarded in an ever-increasing rate at the expense of sustainable lifestyle. Even life itself has become disposable.

The vocation of being a protector remains a call involving everyone. If I may be allowed to add to the objectives of our 2013 World Research Festival with its theme: “Research for a sustainable world!”, I would quote a portion of Pope Francis’ homily during his Installation last March 19, Feast of St. Joseph, the protector of God’s greatest treasures: Mary and Jesus. “The vocation of being a “protector”,... is not just something involving us Christians alone; it also has a prior dimension which is simply human, involving everyone. It means protecting all creation, the beauty of the created world, as the Book of Genesis tells us and as Saint Francis of Assisi showed us. It means respecting each of God’s creatures and respecting the environment in which we live.” I sincerely thank IAMURE for this privileged link. Davao City welcomes the WRF 2013 organizers led by Dr. Genaro V. Japos, President of IAMURE, and all the participating schools and researchers from all over the world!

Rev. Msgr. Julius C. Rodulfa President, HCDC 1 April 2013

World Research Festival 2013

We have failed to consistently act as “stewards of life...and of God’s creation”. Our reverence for life is not always consistent. While we verbally profess that we are pro-life and care about our environment, our actions and attitudes at times run contrary to what we say. It will not do to be pro-life only in some aspects but be anti-life in other aspects. For to be for life is to care for the environment! We are to promote a consistent ethic of life as encouraged by Bishop Bacani in his stance against the RH Bill.

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World Research Festival 2013

My congratulations to IAMURE for successfully holding this year’s World Research Festival. IAMURE has been one of our potential partners in honing the research competence of our faculty members. It has been noted that a good number of our faculty-researchers have gained confidence in embracing research culture beyond the horizons of our university. It is through our participation in world research festivals and conferences that our faculty-researchers have found another unique means to showcase their discoveries, their queries and research outputs in general. This kind of intellectual rigor, which they have successfully engaged, helped them boost their confidence in facing squarely the challenges of research. IAMURE has complemented the university’s effort to banner its potentials in research undertakings. Experiences of our faculty researchers who have participated in one of the many research festivals manifest their enthusiasm as well as their prowess in research. A good number of our faculty-researchers have become aggressive in their research attempts. Our theme for this year’s festival: “Research for a Sustainable World” can be practically considered one of the verbalized challenges of the university, “ research for a sustainable SDSSU.” Moreover, research is one of the core functions of the university that demands commitment of its facultyresearchers for the progress and development of the university. May our partnership in research endeavors help propel our vision to become a center of progressive leadership. Godspeed!

14 Remegita C. Olvida, Ed.D. University President

message Research has gone through a transformative journey. It has evolved as a vehicle for discovering new heights and dimensions of knowledge and as an essential tool for innovation. By doing research, we seek answers to our intellectual curiosities and form recommendations in our attempt to effect a change for the better. The World Research Festival, just like the rest of the international conferences organized by PAIR and IAMURE, has become a tradition that we look forward to attending every year. It has always been an honor to rub elbows with research celebrities and to listen to beautiful minds as they share with us their latest discoveries and inventions.

I would like to congratulate the International Association of Multidisciplinary Research (IAMURE), the organizers, as well as all the participants to the 2013 WORLD RESEARCH FESTIVAL. May this conference be an avenue for new friendships and more collaborations. Let us all delight in the beauty and goodness of Davao City.

More power to all!

Capt. Luis G. Evidente Administrator John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation

World Research Festival 2013

In the spirit of brotherhood, let us continue to strengthen our passion for Research. Let us continue to look for solutions as we bring into light our love for humanity. Let us continue to quench our thirst for knowledge as we propagate and assimilate research in all facets of our existence.

messages Central Mindanao University joins IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research in the celebration of the World Research Festival (WRF 2013) to be held in Marco Polo Hotel, Davao City on May 1-4, 2013. Our theme “Research for a Sustainable World” is fitting and appropriate because research may be able to find solutions to problems besetting the world in the light of climate changes and other factors that affect the sustainability of the world’s resources. IAMURE is a shining beacon in this part of the country by leading in quality research publications showcasing research results that help us address, mitigate or solve some of the world’s problems and these are credible sources of scientific literature that we can make use in the future.

World Research Festival 2013

Central Mindanao University shall always endeavor to be an active institutional member/partner of IAMURE by continuing the conduct of scientific researches in various disciplines and at the same time, publish them in IAMURE or elsewhere.

Congratulations and Godspeed to IAMURE and the WRF.

Maria Luisa R. Soliven, PhD President, Central Mindanao University

It is with utmost gratitude and sincerity that I write this message. I feel deeply honored having been given the chance to reflect in writing our happy and pleasant feelings for the coming World Research Festival 2013 which will be held on May 1-4, 2013 at Marco Polo, Hotel, Davao City, Philippines. I strongly believe that this conference would boost our research capability towards a Sustainable World. I wish everyone in the festival become better scientific researchers in their fields. May God bless us all.

Araceli S. Garcia, Ph.D Acting President/Chairman, MANCOM

message I am delighted to welcome you all to the 2013 World Research Festival (WRF) 2013. The conference theme “Research for a sustainable world” resonates not only in higher education institutions but also among professional organizations because evidence-based policies, plans, and programs are essential to the world’s development and progress. For this reason, it is necessary to be updated with new knowledge and the latest proof of what works in the higher education arena. WRF 2013 welcomes professional researchers and researching professionals from all over the world. This is the best occasion to open our minds to their insights and experiences and then share these with our colleagues who cannot join this year’s festival.

I also invite you to discover and enjoy the beautiful city of Davao. Do not miss the opportunity to walk around and visit its impressive landmarks and green cityscapes, immerse in the culture of the Lumad tribes, and enjoy the local cuisine and fruits. Thank you very much for participating in WRF 2013 and for contributing to this global forum.

World Research Festival 2013

This festival also provides an ideal networking platform to make new international contacts and partnerships. I hope you benefit from the program and its social activities where you will be able to meet other educators, researchers and technologies from various parts of the globe with their own cultures.

I hope you enjoy your time!

Marcelo T. Lopez, RN, EdD, DPA SUC President III

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World Research Festival 2013

I wish to commend the IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research for the conduct of the World Research Festival 2013 in Davao City. This is a strong testament of the IAMURE movers to find ways to enhance world visibility of our members in the realm of research and publication. Research alone does not bring global recognition. It needs to be published. But publication alone is not sufficient either. There is a need for a semblance of organization or movement that will facilitate a semblance of global platform to advocate our researches and publications. Without this organization or movement, we will be like mushrooms popping out randomly in irrelevance.

This is the role of the IAMURE - to provide the much needed organization and to catalyze some sense of a movement to make our researchers relevant in the global arena. To be sustainable, we all need to be relevant; we all need to articulate and ensure that we are making contribution. Research is not just for the sake of research. We do research to make the world a better place. I strongly believe this is the essence of this yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s theme for a sustainable world. There are two objectives that I think are very striking and very important for this conference. First is to nourish collaborations among researchers and institutions in the promotion and production of researches, and second, to recognize meritorious contributions of world researchers and institutions. As a movement of professional and student researchers, we aim to complement and reinforce one another. We do not kill one another by monopolizing knowledge. We share resources, we share materials, we share libraries and facilities. After all, nobody has the exclusive franchise to claiming truth and viewpoints. Through this movement, let us abhor intellectual arrogance and monopoly of knowledge. Superiority does not have a place in a collegial movement of intellectuals. What does have a place is the meritorious value and contribution of our research work in collaboration with one another. Once again, congratulations to all of us. And congratulations to the organizers of the 2013 World Research Festival.

Dr. Guillermo P. Torres, Jr President University of Mindanao

message Evidence-Based Policy Research in Government

Councilor Pilar C. Braga, PhD City Councilor, Davao City

My more than 30 years as teacher and academic administrator have given new meaning to my work as local legislator of a city in the forefront of development. Serving the city through the crafting of local policies gave me much joy and fulfillment. My outlook in conducting research as legislator is grounded on the paradigm based on the expectancy theory of Vroom[1], which asserts that people must value the outcome associated with an activity to be motivated to exert effort and engage purposively in the activity. In addition, they must believe that performing the activity will result in the desired or valued outcome. I conduct research because I value not only the process and the outcome, but the interactions generated by this activity – people I meet, talked to, conversed with, listened to, responded to – most of all, the feeling of fulfillment knowing I have responded to needs of my constituents. II. GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN PUBLIC SERVICE As a public official, I have been guided by three key elements which I have found effective in my dealings with the different strata of the public, from the professional to the students, from the manual laborer to the salesgirl, from the housewife to the common man on the street. The same elements have guided me in the conduct of my research activities. VISIBILITY- getting in touch consistently, in increasing proportion with the majority of the constituents; making myself available and accessible to every conceivable occasion, need and request of the public; and getting out of the confines of the office to be with constituents. TRANSPARENCY – information conveyed should match action implemented or promulgated; involves not only the transactions of procedures applied in the bureaucracy, but the intentions or motives which measures the values of the interactions between the public and the public official. Public office is a public trust. CLARITY – the sincerity and honesty of the public official felt and seen in his or her relationship with the public. “Walk your talk” for correct communication is the first line of defense.

World Research Festival 2013

I. INTRODUCTION

III. WORK OF A LOCAL LEGISLATOR My work as a local legislator necessitates research. Not many people have the notion that our main function is to craft policies and legislations –evidence-based and conducted through scientific means. Usually people see us conduct “pulong-pulong sa barangay;” cut ribbons during inaugurations or celebrations; stand as godmothers to weddings and baptismals; give short messages and inspirational talks to programs and inductions; attend various launchings and social gatherings as guest; conduct seminars and workshops; and other such activities. These so-called social functions actually constitute 30% of our public exposure.

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On the other hand, hidden, if not largely misunderstood by the general public, is the remaining 70% of our responsibility – that is to introduce legislative agenda and work on the crafting of legislation to improve the quality of life of the constituents. This is where research would come in as an effective tool for policy formulation.

But sad to reflect, a large part of the public is misinformed about the real job or work of the city councilor. For the large majority of the public, city legislators are expected year after year to shelve projects such as health program, infrastructures, waiting sheds, free clinics, sports program, etc., etc. The larger public does not equate a legislator’s worth by his ordinances and resolutions authored or even by the advocacies he has continuously supported, but by the number of waiting sheds built, basketball courts constructed and sports program funded. Hence, when election time comes, the public vote necessarily because of these quantified indicators. IV. DESIGNS AND METHODS USED IN POLICY RESEARCH Combination of qualitative-descriptive-exploratory methods were deemed most appropriate for conducting the core of policy researches because the project asked questions about processes, conditions and relationships. Moreover, some of the questions posed — for example, “What are the technical operations behind the internet cafes? What areas are considered as aquifer areas of Davao City? What are the existing blood donation programs of Davao City?” are best explained or answered by use of such techniques or approaches as documentary analysis, observations, interviews, focus group and dialogues. Other methods I used consisted of the following: Existing program data. The data included the following: budgets; organizational charts; historical statistics on client base and program activity; internal reports and evaluations; externally generated research, including studies conducted by other researchers and grant-making institutions; and interpretations of relevant policy. Non-participant observation. I attend board meetings, barangay sessions, agency meetings and related community events at program sites in the city in order to get a sense of day-to-day operations and to obtain a more complete picture of how outcomes are produced. I also study the relationships formed within and between programs and other agencies and institutions. Interviews with board and staff. These interviews focused on interpretations of program mission and goals and assessments of what the programs have and have not accomplished. These interviews also explored the relationships between programs and policy at all levels. Interviews with officials at connected institutions. These interviews were designed to obtain the perspectives of technology experts, program staff (both public and private), and policymakers.

As synthesis, let me present a matrix condensing these research tools: Policy Internet Café Operations

Research Tools Documentary analysis, interviews

Water Code

Documentary analysis, interviews, conversations, observations, surveys Documentary analysis, interviews, focus group discussions observations, surveys

Blood Donation Program

Traffic Code

Documentary analysis, observations, meta analysis, surveys, review of literature, journals

Sectors involved Internet Café owners and operators, the academe, education officials, Internet Café Association of Davao (ICAD), parents and teachers DCWD, Barangay Officials, LGUs, business sectors, NGOs, DOH PNRC, DOH, Barangay Officials, LGUs, academe, business sectors, NGOs

Traffic Management Center, LGUs, LTO, LTFRB, academe, drivers and operators federation, taxi owners, bus companies

Disseminations Public Hearings, Committee Hearings, readings at the City Council, copies of policy given to Internet Café establishments Public Hearings, Committee Hearings, readings at the City Council, Publications Public Hearings, Committee Hearings, readings at the City Council, results of research published and presented at national research fora. Consultations at sectoral level, analysis of collected data; crafting & publications of IRR

My involvement was characterized by hands-on management of research time-table, administration of instrument - many times, I would be taking down notes in many sessions of interviews and FGDs and pouring over voluminous reports, manuals and other documents – aside from conducting and attending meetings of organizations, groups of people and agencies. I have done this mostly with the help of my research team and my office staff. I have also commissioned research teams of colleges to assist me. To summarize, I have used multiple approaches in my research designs which at times overlap, including (but not limited to) field study, community study and conversation analysis, oral history, the variety of kinds of interview studies, document analysis and other historical study, survey study, narrative inquiry and observational study. V. PROBLEMS Most of the problems encountered are problems related to attitude especially by government functionaries who do not believe in research because they think it is time-consuming and expensive. There is a dearth of adequate and efficient researchers. Oftentimes we have to go out and commission school-based researchers. Focus group discussions do not always bring the desired result because the information generated are sometimes from respondents who are “ignorant” about the subject matter as they are only “representatives.” Only very few public officials are appreciative of the value of research, most especially in the thought that conducting research and coming-up with subsequent research finding for policy input is a credible way of formulating public policy.

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In all of these four (4) policy research projects, I was able to generate interest among the sectors involved. Although it might look on paper that I only supervise, in truth and all honesty, I always had a hand in the scrutiny, analysis and interpretation of data.

VI. LESSONS LEARNED In my work as local legislator, I have come to realized that policy researches should come up with “standards of evidence” to be credible – not only in our work as legislators but more so as researchers. Wilson[2] proposed five criteria that address the nature of the data we have gathered and made basis for policy formulation: • • • • •

“evidence should be consistent with a researcher’s chosen perspective or goal,” “evidence should be observable,” “evidence should be gathered through systematic procedures,” “evidence should be shared and made public,” and “evidence should be compelling.”

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I was able to make sense of voluminous data, especially those generated by interviews, FGDs, conversations and journal analysis by applying the assumptions that (1) we can identify patterns in those decisions by focusing on the most common experiences [3] and that (2) social contexts (i.e., a constituent’s social status, access to basic services and care, and beliefs) are important components of these experiences.

I have learned that the most common methods for identifying themes is identifying repetitions within and across narratives [4]. As I identified a theme in transcribed interviews and conversations, I checked for its presence in others and noted the similarities and dissimilarities in the way people expressed each theme or notion. It is very important to document – as a matter of practice – all procedures connected with the research activities. The documentation of procedure is crucial if we want to know if our methods are effective and whether our work is convincing. VII. IMPLICATIONS / CONCLUSIONS Policy formulation is enriched by research. Public policy should be protective of even the most basic needs of the constituents. Only the most rigorous research design to capture the innermost thinking and sentiments of the common people in the street through analysis of experiences, conversations, and other qualitative means can provide these data. Local legislators need to have trained researchers in their staff to be able to help in the framing of research agenda vis-à-vis the legislative inputs of the legislator. There is wisdom when research collaborations can be established between the City Council and the Academe, and for that matter other forms of partnership and networking can be forged with other agencies and the academe. Some educational institutions have already done this with the premier university of the city leading the way. One can just imagine the tremendous maximization of resources when government and the private sector, especially the academe could forge a partnership and collaboration in research. Research dissemination through research fora, publications and research journals and other media means should be encouraged, however, the academe should take the first step and open to government its doors and to offer to government what research policies and research opportunities are open for government funding agencies, like USAid, AustriAid, UNESCO, UNICEF, JICA, Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Ford Foundation, Bread for the World, MISSIO and many others. These agencies are just too glad to fund researches especially on studies that would promote good government and service –oriented projects.

Sometimes, researches reach a point where there’s mental block for “researchable materials.” When you work with government in doing policy research, you will never run out of very good materials or issues. At the end of the day, you’ll get the great satisfaction of seeing your research contribute to the crafting of a landmark ordinance or policy direction for government that could generate “the greatest good for the greatest number.” In short, you shall have been a part of a LEGACY. References [1] Moore, Ray T., Davies, Jon A. 1984 Cited Vroom on Journal Abstract Predicting GED Scores on the Bases of Expectancy, Valence, Intelligence, and Pretest Skill Levels with the Disadvantaged. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1984 44: 483-490 [2] Wilson, B. J. 1994 A challenge to communication empiricists: Let’s be more forthcoming about what we do. Western Journal of Communication, 58(1), 25–31.

[4] Ryan, G. W., and H. R. Bernard 2003 Techniques to identify themes. Field Methods 15 (1): 85–109. [5] Morse, J. M, Swanson, J. M., & Kuzel, A. J. (Eds.). 2001 The nature of qualitative evidence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

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[3] Strauss, A., and J. Corbin 1990 Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

conference programme World Research Festival (WRF 2013) MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES May 1-4, 2013

World Research Festival 2013

Day 1: May 1, 2013 (Wednesday) Hosted by: University of the Immaculate Conception and University of Mindanao

6:00 a.m.

ABS-CBN Interview with Selected World Research Awardees

7:00 - 9:00 a.m.

Registration

9:00 - 9:05 a.m. Cutting of Ribbon for Opening of Exhibit IAMURE Greetings Nadela Zchenn Charl Ms. Intrams 2013 Don Victoriano N. Advincula Mr. University of the Immaculate Conception 2011 9:06 - 9:30 a.m.

Invocation Philippine National Anthem Hymns of UIC and UM Artistic Performances of UIC and UM

9:31 - 9:35 a.m. Declaration of the Opening of the Conference Opening Remarks Dr. Genaro V. Japos President, IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research 9:36 - 9:43 a.m.

Davao Declaration: Synthesis of WRF Abstracts Dr. Anthony M. Penaso VP for Academic Affairs Central Mindanao University

9:44 - 9:51 a.m. Welcome Address Dr. Guillermo P. Torres Jr. President, University of Mindanao 9:52 - 10:00 a.m.

Messages Dr. Raul C. Alvarez, Jr. Director IV Commission on Higher Education Region XI, Davao City, Philippines

10:01 - 10:15 a.m. Mr. Paul B. Bagatsing Vice President and General Manager AJA Registrars Philippines Office 10:16 - 10:24 a.m. Sister Maria Marissa R. Viri, RVM President University of the Immaculate Conception 10:25 - 11:10 a.m. Keynote Address 1 Dr. Ken Kawasaki Professor Kochi University of Technology, Japan

11:11 - 11:30 a.m. Keynote Address 2 Dr. Safary Wa-Mbaleka Professor Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies Philippines 11:31-11:40 a.m. Awarding of Winners Outstanding World Researchers Outstanding World Research Leaders 11:41 - 12:00 p.m. Plenary 1 Dr. Romulo Sisno President Northern Negros College of Science and Technology Sagay City, Negros Occidental, Philippines 12:00-1:00 p. m

Pictorials with Organizers and Guests of Honor with Participants by University/Country

Mr. Ace Ronald C. Sarabia and Ms. Emma V. Sagarino University of the Immaculate Conception Masters of Ceremonies

1:00 - 6:00 pm

Concurrent Sessions Awarding of Winners

Lunch Video Presentations of Past and Future IAMURE Conferences Video Presentation of Host Institutions

Day 2: May 2, 2013 (Thursday) Hosted by: Cor Jesu College and Davao Central College 7:00 - 8:30 a.m.

Registration IAMURE Greetings - Bb. and G. DCC

8:30 - 8:45 a.m.

Invocation Philippine National Anthem Hymns of CJC and DCC Artistic Performances of CJC and DCC

8:46 - 8:53 a.m. Opening Remarks Dr. Delia C. Advincula President, Davao Central College 8:54 - 9:05 a.m. Message Br. Ellakim P. SosmeĂąa, S.C. President, Cor Jesu College 9:06 - 9:36 a.m. Keynote Address 3 Dr. Wesley Kendall Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Hanoi, Vietnam 9:37- 9:47 a.m.

Awarding of Winners IAMURE World Publication Awards Distinguished World Book Author Awards Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Best Abstracts World Research Productivity Awards World Publication Productivity Awards

9:48 - 10:18 a.m. Plenary 2 Dr. Ronnie V. Amorado Vice President for Academics University of Mindanao, Philippines 10:19 â&#x20AC;&#x201C;10:49 a.m

Plenary 3 Dr. Daisy Jane C. Orcullo Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

10:50 - 11:20 a.m. Plenary 4 Dr. Ismael N. Talili Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Philippines 11:21 - 11:35 a.m.

Open Forum

11:36 - 12:00

Webinar on IAMURE Journal Online Submission System

12:01-1:00 p.m.

Lunch

1:00 - 6:00 pm

Concurrent Sessions Awarding of Winners

10:01 - 10:16 a.m. Keynote Address 5 Dr. Roberto N. Padua Former Commissioner Philippine Commission on Higher Education Philippines 10:17 - 10:32 a.m. Awarding of Winners Outstanding Filipino Researchers 2013 Outstanding Filipino Research Leaders 2013 Outstanding Researcher of Saudi Arabia 2013 Outstanding Researcher of the Kingdom of Tonga 2013 Outstanding Researcher of Malaysia 2013 10:33 - 11:03 a.m. Plenary 5 Dr. Sunia Fukofuka Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies, Philippines 11:04 - 11:34 a.m. Plenary 6 Dr. Roel Palo Anicas Saudi Electronics and Home Appliances Institute Saudi Arabia

Day 3: May 3, 2013 (Friday) Hosted by: Holy Cross of Davao College and Davao Doctors College

11:35-11:59 a.m. Oath-taking of New IAMURE and PAIR Members Pictorials 12:00-1:00 p.m.

Lunch

7:00 - 8:20 a.m

Ms. Susan Cruz Holy Cross of Davao College Master of Ceremonies

1:00 - 6:00 p.m.

Concurrent Sessions Awarding of Winners in Concurrent Sessions

Registration IAMURE Greetings - Bb. and G. DDC

8:21 - 8:35 a.m. Invocation Philippine National Anthem Welcome Songs Artistic Performance of HCDC and DDC

8:36 - 9: 02 a.m. Welcome Address Mr. Miguel D. Soledad Day 4: May 4, 2013 (Saturday) President, Davao Doctors College Eco-tour: Private Explorations of WRF Participants 9:03 -9:11 a.m. Message Msgr. Julius C. Rodulfa President, Holy Cross of Davao College 9:12 - 9:22 a.m. Hon. Dr. Pilar C. Braga Chair, Committee on Education Sangguniang Panglungsod Davao City

World Research Festival 2013

Dr. Randy A. Tudy Cor Jesu College Master of Ceremonies

9:23 - 10:00 a.m. Keynote Address 4 Dr. Elmarie Van Heerden Director, Student Development and Support Tshwane University of Technology South Africa

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES Sponsored by AJA Registrars

World Research Festival 2013

Outstanding World Researchers 2013

KEN KAWASAKI Kochi University of Technology Japan

JUDILYNN N. SOLIDUM University of the Philippines - Manila Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES Sponsored by AJA Registrars

Outstanding World Researchers 2013

University of Mindanao Philippines

World Research Festival 2013

RONNIE V. AMORADO

SAFARY WA-MBALEKA

Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES Sponsored by by AJA Registrars

World Research Festival 2013

Outstanding World Research Leaders 2013

ROLANDO A. ALIMEN

Research Coordinator John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Molo Molo, Iloilo City

FERDINAND J. LAMARCA

Editor, New Vision (Official Publication of the UNP) University of Northern Philippines Vigan City

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES Sponsored by by AJA Registrars

Outstanding World Research Leaders 2013

Dean, College of Computer Studies Silliman University, Dumaguete City

RENAN P. LIMJUCO

Research Director University of the Immaculate Conception Bonifacio St., Davao City

EDWIN R. TADIOSA

Botany Division National Museum of the Philippines, P. Burgos St., Manila

World Research Festival 2013

DAVE E. MARCIAL

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

Outstanding Filipino Researchers 2013 BETCHIE E. AGUINALDO

World Research Festival 2013

Campus Research and Development Extension and Training Director Isabela State University - San Mateo Campus San Mateo, Isabela Discipline: Information Technology

GINA D. BALLERAS Sr. Science Research Specialist Philippine Rice Research Institute Midsayap, North Cotabato Discipline: Crop Science

PETRONILA E. FLORENDO Director, University Research Center University of Northern Philippines Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur Discipline: Biological Sciences

LEODORO JABIEN LABRAGUE

Associate Dean, College Of Nursing and Health Sciences Catbalogan City Samar State University Discipline: Nursing

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

Outstanding Filipino Researchers 2013 PET ROEY L. PASCUAL

SHERRYL LIPIO-PAZ

Faculty-Researcher, Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences Caraga State University Ampayon, Butuan City Discipline: Biological Sciences

AVA CLARE MARIE O. ROBLES

Research Faculty, Associate Professor IV Mindanao State University - General Santos Campus Fatima, Tambler, General Santos City Discipline: Mathematics

ADRIAN M. TAMAYO

Director for Quantitative Studies, Research and Publication Center, University of Mindanao Bolton St., Davao City Discipline: Economics

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Chairperson, Research and Development Cebu Technological University - Barili Campus Barili, Cebu Discipline: Horticulture

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

World Research Festival 2013

Outstanding Filipino Research Leaders 2013

PRECILA C. DELIMA

Cluster Research Director Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus San Fermin, Cauayan City, Philippines

BERNARDO C. LUNAR Assistant Professor De La Salle Lipa JP Laurel National Highway Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

Outstanding Filipino Research Leaders 2013

HERMOGENES M. PAGUIA

BRIAN GIL S. SARINAS Unit Researcher John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University –Arevalo Sto. Niño Sur, Arevalo, Iloilo City

JIMMY R. SORIA

Vice President for Research and Extension University of Northern Philippines Vigan City

World Research Festival 2013

Assistant Professor III Bataan Peninsula State University Abucay, Bataan

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

World Research Festival 2013

Outstanding Researcher of Saudi Arabia 2013

ROEL PALO ANICAS

Saudi Electronics and Home Appliances Institute (SEHAI) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Discipline: Education

Outstanding Researcher of the Kingdom of Tonga 2013

SUNIA FUKOFUKA

Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies Discipline: Business and Management

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

Outstanding Researcher of Malaysia 2013

Daisy Jane C. Orcullo Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia Discipline: Educational Psychology

Outstanding Researcher of South Africa 2013

ELMARIE VAN HEERDEN Tshwane University of Technology South Africa Discipline: Education

World Research Festival 2013

DAISY JANE C. ORCULLO

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

Distinguished World Book Awards 2013

World Research Festival 2013

RONNIE V. AMORADO

Title of the Book: Kakistocracy: Rule of the Unprincipled, Unethical and Unqualified Publisher: Research and Publication Office: Ateneo de Davao University University of Mindanao, Philippines

WESLEY KENDALL

Title of the Book: U.S. Death Penalty and Foreign Policy: A Case Study of Mexican Executions Publisher: Rowman and Littlefield, New York Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Hanoi, Vietnam

CHRISTOPHER F. BUENO Title of the Book: Contemporary Republic: The Emerging Political and Economic Philosophy of the 21st Century Publisher: Amazon.com University of Northern Philippines Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

Excellence In World Publication Awards 2013 Thomson and Reuters (ISI) and Scopus Elsevier

BERNARDO C. LUNAR De La Salle Lipa

JUDILYNN N. SOLIDUM

World Research Festival 2013

BRIAN GIL S. SARINAS

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Arevalo

University of the Philippines - Manila

JIMMY R. SORIA

University of Northern Philippines

EDWIN R. TADIOSA

National Museum of the Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

Excellence In World Publication Awards 2013 Thomson and Reuters (ISI) and Scopus Elsevier

ROLANDO A. ALIMEN World Research Festival 2013

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Molo

MANUEL A. BAJET JR. University of Northern Philippines

ROLANDO C. CUIZON St. Peterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College - Iligan

MARY GRETCHEN F. CHAVES University of the Philippines - Cebu

PRECILA C. DELIMA

Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus

SHERRYL LIPIO-PAZ Caraga State University

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

IA MUR E World Publication Awards 2013 DIAMOND

SILVER

BERNARDO C. LUNAR

EMMA V. SAGARINO

ERNESTO O. GOLOSINO

MARVIN S. DAGUPLO

MANUEL A. BAJET, JR.

ROLANDO C. CUIZON

De La Salle Lipa

University Of Northern Philippines

Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus

JEREMIAS L. CONVOCAR

World Research Festival 2013

Holy Name University

University of the Immaculate Conception

BETCHIE E. AGUINALDO

St. Peter’s College - Iligan

SAFARY WA-MBALEKA

PLATINUM RENAN P. LIMJUCO

University of the Immaculate Conception

ROLANDO A. ALIMEN

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Molo

GOLD GAUDENCIO ALAYA-AY JR. St. Peter’s College - Iligan

JIMMY R. SORIA

University of Northern Philippines

MARY GRETCHEN F. CHAVES University of the Philippines - Cebu

PRECILA C. DELIMA

Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus

Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies

PEARL West Visayas State University

Isabela State University - San Mateo Campus

BRIAN GIL S. SARINAS

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Arevalo

ADRIAN M. TAMAYO University of Mindanao

BRYANT C. ACAR

University of Southern Philippine Foundation

ROEL PALO ANICAS

Saudi Electronics and Home Appliances Institute (SEHAI) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

IA MUR E World Publication Awards 2013 PEARL CECILIA D. ARONG

World Research Festival 2013

Southern Leyte State University

SONIA A. ARENILLO

Mindoro State College Of Agriculture and Technology

RUEL A. BRILLIANTES

Holy Cross of Davao College

NEIL C. CAPRICHO

University of the Immaculate Conception

ALVIN O. CAYOGYOG University of Mindanao

EMELIZA T. ESTIMO

John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation - Bacolod

MARILYN L. LASPIĂ&#x2018;AS Cebu Normal University

MONA L. LAYA

University of the Immaculate Conception

JONAS ROBERT MIRANDA

Surigao State College of Technology

CICERO D. ORTIZO

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Molo

RANDY A. TUDY Cor Jesu College

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

World Research Awards 2013 Finalists ALWIELLAND Q. BELLO Bukidnon State University

BRETEL B. DOLIPAS

Benguet State University

FERNAN P. TUPAS

World Research Festival 2013

BRENDALYN A. MANZANO

JONATHAN OLORES ETCUBAN

Tarlac State University

EMELIZA T. ESTIMO

John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation - Bacolod

EUGENIO S. GUHAO, JR. University of Mindanao

Ajuy National High School University of Cebu

LORAINE SUYU-TATTAO

Cagayan State University - Andrews Campus

LOURDES SANTANDER ARCILLA Western Philippines University

MARIO ROMUALDO C. SEQUIO

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Molo

NATHALIE L. DAMINAR

Caraga State University - Cabadbaran Campus

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

Best Abstract Awards 2013 Best Abstract Awardee for Clinical Laboratory Mary Jane G. Barluado

The Antiangiogenic and Antioxidant Properties of Calamansi Citrus macrocarpa Peel Ethanolic Extract

Best Abstract Awardee for Mathematics, Engineering and Technology Neil C. Capricho

World Research Festival 2013

Passive Infrared (PIr) Activated Switch Device for Classrooms

Best Abstract Awardee for Health Education Maribeth Q. Galindo

Knowledge and Attitude on HIV and AIDS: Standpoint of College Students of the University of the Immaculate Conception

Best Abstract Awardee for Social Science Jacqueline V. Iglesias

Intelligence, Executive Functioning and Trauma Symptoms among Women with Childhood Sexual Abuse History

Best Abstract Awardee for Literature, Philosophy and Religion Etchel B. Palma

The Language and Style of Peter Solis Nery in His Short Story, “Donato Bugtot”

Best Abstract Awardee for Science Pet Roey L. Pascual

Multiple Shoot Induction of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalisvar. UC-157) through Nodal Stem Culture Technique

Best Abstract Awardee for Education Maria Theresa Pilapil-Pelones

Teacher and Technology: Sustainable Education in a Global Knowledge Society

Best Abstract Awardee for Ecology Ava Clare Marie O. Robles

Solid Waste Pollution: Basis for Closure Enforcement Policy of Banwalan Dumpsite in GSC

Best Abstract Awardee for Business and Management William T. Sucuahi

Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standard 8: A Predictability Model

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

World Publication Productivity 2013 Jimmy R. Soria

Vice President For Research And Extension University Of Northern Philippines

Research Director University Of The Immaculate Conception

Alicia B. Botardo

Vice President For Research And Extension De La Salle Lipa

Ritchelita P. Galapate

University Of The Philippines - Cebu Associate Dean For Academic Affairs, Oic

Regucivilla A. Pobar Vice President for Research Bohol Island State University

William Medrano

Vice President for Research and Extension Isabela State University

Capt. Luis G. Evidente

Administrator John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation

World Research Festival 2013

Renan P. Limjuco

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

World Research Productivity Award 2013 University of the Immaculate Conception S. Ma. Marissa R. Viri, RVM - University President

World Research Festival 2013

John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation - Bacolod

Emeliza T. Estimo - Research Coordinator

Surigao del Sur State University Jocelyn Panduyos - Research Director

St. Peterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College - Iligan

Prof. Tito M. Mariquit - OIC Research Director

De La Salle Lipa

Ms. Gina Dimaano - Research Director

Holy Name University

Fr. Francisco T. Estepa, SVD - Research Director

Isabela State University Precila C. Delima

Tarlac State University

Maria Elena D. David - Research Director

University of Cebu

Mauro Allan Amparado - Research Director

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

World Research Productivity Award 2013 Nueva Vizcaya State University

Reynald A. Delos Trinos - Research Director

University of Mindanao

Mindanao University of Science and Technology Olivia Canencia - Research Director

Holy Cross of Davao College Kari Ann Bitgue - Research Director

Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus Prose Ivy Yepes - Vice President for Development Extension and External Affairs

West Visayas State University

Dr. Ma. Lulu Loyola - Vice President for Research

Cebu Technological University Dr. Cecilo Baga - VP for Research

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Cristeta F. Gapuz - Research Director

Quirino State University

Fredisminda M. Dolojan - Research Director

World Research Festival 2013

Ma. Linda A. Arquiza - Research Director

World Research Festival 2013 Awards MARCO POLO HOTEL, DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

World Research Productivity Award 2013 Cebu Normal University

Daisy Palompon - Research Director

World Research Festival 2013

Carlos Hilado Memorial State College

Denesa C. Lamique - Research Director

Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology Dr. Sonia A. Arenillo - Research Director

University of Northern Philippines Petronila Florendo - Research Director

Bohol Island State University

Marina A. Labonite - Research Director

Cagayan State University

Jose D. Guzman - Research Director

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University-Molo Rolando Alimen - Research Coordinator

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University-Arevalo Melchor M. Magramo - Research Coordinator

Board of Judges 2013 World Research Awards 2013

INDIA Dr. Pandurangan Ravi ChaitanyaBharati Institute of Technology Prof. S. Sai Satyanarayana Reddy Laki Reddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering

Dr. Mohammad Mofleh Aldosari King Saud University

HONG KONG Dr. Barley S.Y. Mak The Chinese University of Hong Kong

MALAYSIA Mr. Reza Raissi University Teknologi Malaysia Assoc. Prof. Dr. Asmah Laili Yeon Universiti Utara Malaysia Dr. Daisy Jane C. Orcullo Universiti Utara Malaysia

NIGERIA Dr. Terfa Kahaga Anjov Benue State University Dr. Adesoji A. Oni University of Lagos

Dr. Ramezan Mahdavi Azadboni University of Mazandaran

INDONESIA Mr. Soni Harsono STIE Perbanas Surabaya Dr. Djuwari STIE Perbanas Surabaya Prof. Dr. Romanus Wilopo STIE Perbanas Surabaya Prof. Dr. Tatik Suryani STIE Perbanas Surabaya

PHILIPPINES Dr. Olivia R. Del Castillo Caoili University of the East

NORWAY Dr. Ekaterina Prasolova - Forland Norwegian University of Science and Technology

PAKISTAN Dr. Tanzila Nabeel AllamaIqbal Open University

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KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

keynotespeech Research for a Sustainable World Roberto N. Padua

Jan Tinbergen International Awardee for Statistics Paris, France Consultant, Commission on Higher Education Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges Liceo de Cagayan University, University of San Jose Recoletos, Bukidnon State University, Jose Rizal Memorial State University and Negros Oriental State University

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ABSTRACT

The paper discusses research that are important to ensure a sustainable world. The basic premise of the paper argues that two(2) types of research are needed: (a.) research that ensure human survival, following the relationship between resource and population by Malthus (1789) and (b.) research on quality of life which enable man to lead a productive and meaningful existence. The research argues that the Malthusian principle need to be re-examined in light of new and recent scientific development which address the issue of finite resources. Likewise, the paper views research in education, health, and the social sciences as facilitative research that ensure quality of life on this planet. Advancement in fractal science and genetics are identified as the forefront of current global research thinking because of their potential to revolutionize the various disciplines and in advancing biological/medical research respectively. Keywords: genetics, fractals, educational research, space exploration, social sciences 1.0 Introduction Malthus (1789) was perhaps the first scientist to recognize the relationship that exists between resource and human consumption of these resources. He averred that while resources expand at an arithmetic rate, population grows at a geometric rate (Brown, 2000).Simply put, the world’s resources cannot sustain an unfettered population growth. There will come a time when hunger and famine will become a global phenomena: more of a rule rather than an exception. When Malthus (1789 ) declared this statement in the 1800’s, technology and scientific advancement were primitive: computers were unheard of, genetics was an infant science, Watson and Crick’s helical model of DNA was over three hundred years distant, agricultural science was not a science since people merely tilled land to produce something. Today, when modern technology and scientific discoveries are at our fingertips, Malthusian principles may need to be revisited and modified. Two (2) basic resources are needed to ensure a sustainable world: food and space. Research on genetically-modified organism (GMO) has paved the way to the discovery of giant vegetables, huge animals whose meat are sufficient to feed families and others, thus effectively responding to the geometric demand for food by people (Ronald (2011)).At the same time, medical research is now at a stage where diseases and illnesses are approached from a biomolecular perspective rendering traditionally incurable illnesses as curable. These days, scientists from all discipline are acutely aware of the importance of conserving natural resources e.g. forests, marine environment and others, as well as in finding meaningful ways of rehabilitating disturbed and damaged environments at an accelerated pace (Palmer, 1992).At the forefront of the latter efforts at natural resource conservation and rehabilitation is the discovery and active development of a new and exciting field of study called fractal science (Mandelbrot, 1982), Padua et al. (2013), Orbach (1987) and others. Space limitations are far more challenging issues which man needs to address to ensure a sustainable human habitat. Population control or not, man still has to contend with the fact that ultimately the world’s carrying capacity will be reached. Engineering and technological research are responding to this issue by creating high-rise buildings and skyscrapers (Turak,(2011)); exploring three-fourths of the world’s free space

by discovering human-habitable structures under water ( Michael (2007)); sending reconnaissance missions in nearby planets viz. Mars (Redd (September 20, 2012) ) and , in tandem with biologists, trying out ideas in biogenesis (Redd (September 20, 2012).All these advancements are aimed at continually expanding a finite global carrying capacity to an almost limitless space. Finally, while food and space ensure man’s continued survival on this planet, these are, by no means, sufficient to ensure quality of life on earth.Quality of life, as defined in various contexts, generally refer to a healthy, educated, conflict-free and independent state of existence (UNESCO, 2010).Mere survival can be meaningless if quality of life is absent.Medical research addresses the health aspect; educational research focus on research that makes education a tool for productive global citizenry; social research on conflicts, crimes, and peace address the issue of a conflict-free society; freedom and people empowerment research are essential for an autonomous and independent citizenry.On this note, we are reminded of the old cliché:“Man does not live by bread alone”. 2.0 Survival Research We categorize research, for the purpose of this paper, into:(a) survival research, and (b) quality of life research. Survival research are those that address the core issues of food and space limitation of the planet Earth. On the other hand, quality of life research deals with concerns that go beyond mere survival but, rather, ensure that every human being enjoys a healthy and productive life. 2.1. Food Security

2.2. Space Security Engineering and related technologies are at the forefront of space utilization research. In some areas, the focus is on space minimization such as researches in data compression (Mohamed, A.J. (November 2012) , nanotechnology (Drexler, K. Eric (1986)), intelligent options (Drexler, K. Eric (1986)) and communication. At the other end of the spectrum are researches that focus on space expansion and maximization such as space explorations (Redd, 2012),underwater engineering research, agricultural drip technology (Michael (2007)), and research in structural integrity of skyscrapers (Turak, 1986). The combination of space minimization and space maximization research ultimately produce an almost limitless space for man so that space no longer becomes a constraint.

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The 21st century is predicted to be a century of biological research, more specifically, research that expand our understanding of genetics at the molecular level, of ecology and organismic coexistence, and rehabilitation of damaged and disturbed environment. The United States Department of Agriculture and Forestry (1995) provides an interesting account of the progress and development in the field of forest science and aquatic ecosystem in their scientific attempts at understanding and exploiting the inherent ruggedness, irregularities and self-similarity of the natural environment. The re-discovery of fractal geometry and fractal statistics has changed our world view of nature. Some problems successfully analyzed through fractals include: fractal dimension of ecological landscapes (Burrough, 1981); sustainable forestry (Crow, 1990); inter-specific competition in age-structural population (Eberman, 1987); dis-equilibrium silicate mineral textures (Fowler et al., 1989); forest geophysics (Khilmi, 1972); patterns of landscapes in disturbed environment (Krumal, 1987); and others. Selvam (2008) made use of statistical fractals to analyze the DNA of Takifugu rubripes (puffer fish) and demonstrated the wide-range of applicability of fractal analysis in genetics. Organisms, generally were found to favor particular fractal ecological landscapes (Burrough, 1981; Krummel, 1987; and Crow (1990)).More complex fractal landscapes host more diverse flora and fauna (Selvam, 2008; d’Angelo et al. 2012) and the phenomenon relates to landscape patchiness. Along the same lines of research which aim to ensure food security, more traditional techniques of terrestrial and marine protection are being pursued elsewhere. Alcala (1998), Alcala and Russ (2000), White (2001) and others concentrate on various aspects of the dynamics of marine ecosystem through the declaration of marine protected areas (MPA).Some of the more important issues that these scientists are pursuing include: spill-over effects of MPA (Alcala and Russ, 2000), connectivity of marine protected areas, larval dispersal near and in marine protected areas, and others. The convergence of traditionally distinct sciences such as physics, chemistry, biology and mathematical sciences in responding to these issues is evident.

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2.3 Quality of Life and Threats to Food/Space Security

While research on food and space capacity expansion continue, studies on the threats posed by natural and man-made disasters are currently being undertaken. Climate change studies are focused on climate adaptation, coping strategies, disaster risk management, and mitigation of climate change impacts (Schneider, SH,2007). Meteorological studies that attempt to understand the dynamics of typhoons and tornadoes (Selvam, 2008) as well as seismic and earthquake analysis by fractals (d’ Angelo, 2009) enhance our understanding and, therefore, preparedness for these natural phenomena. Safety nets are being weaved to ensure humanity’s survival while pursuing a parallel thread of investigation leading to better quality of life for all. Health research on the spread of communicable diseases (), cure for modern day diseases such as AIDS-HIV (Wolf D, 2009), stem cell research (Schöler ,2007) and others are quite active and are all meant to prolong life with quality. Educational research are unlocking the realm of the human mind and its infinite capacity to learn (Glock, 2009); virtual learning studies ( ) which blend human and computer pedagogies to bring education closer to the geographically disadvantaged groups; psycho-social studies on the impact of modern technology on the psychological and sociological behavior of students (Robinson, D.H. (2005). “Is Educational Intervention Research on the Decline?” Journal of Educational Psychology ), and others. We are at a stage in human development where education is considered a basic human need which must be responded to by governments all over the world. Educational research therefore will lean more and more towards the issue of providing mass education amidst scarce resources. Removing barriers to access to education is a concern of governments globally and with even more concern for underdeveloped and developing nations (UNESCO, 2011). 3.0 Conclusions Research, both in the academe and in the actual world, will run in two parallel themes: survival theme and quality of life theme. The first theme will continue to address the core issues of food and space expansion in order to respond to an ever-increasing population. This line of investigation and studies will be mainly pursued by the natural and physical sciences including their applied derivatives in engineering and technology. Genetics will be the central core of investigation which will involve the biological, chemical and physical sciences. The backbone of these studies will be information and communication technology (ICT). The second theme will address health, education, peace and conflict resolution, political science, and economics concerns as the world becomes one global village. The provision of quality life for all will become the aim of all governments in the world even as basic resources are being provided through research on the first theme. The classic battle between man and nature is a theme for researches that roughly falls between the first and second themes. As man-induced global climate change adversely impacts on the basic food and space requirements for the survival of humanity, research on climate change adaptation, mitigation, and preparedness will continue to take center stage in the 21st century. Likewise, we will progress to a stage where our understanding of nature will be enhanced and we will learn to harness these forces : transforming an otherwise destructive natural force to a positive and useful force for development. Fractal science will radically change our current methodologies for understanding nature and the natural processes. References Becker AJ, McCulloch EA, Till JE 1963 “Cytological demonstration of the clonal nature of spleen colonies derived from transplanted mouse marrow cells”. Nature 197(4866): 452–4. Behar, Michael 2007 “1,200 Square Feet Under the Sea”, Popular Science 270: 64–68 Chambers I; Colby D; Robertson M; Nichols, Jennifer; Lee, Sonia; Tweedie, Susan; Smith, Austin 2003 “Functional expression cloning of Nanog, a pluripotency sustaining factor in embryonic stem cells”. Cell 113 (5): 643–55. Cristina Buzea, Ivan Pacheco, and Kevin Robbie 2007 «Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles: Sources and Toxicity».Biointerphases 2 (4): MR17–71.

Dole, Stephen H. 1964 Habitable Planets for Man (1st ed.). Blaisdell Publishing Company. Drexler, K. Eric 1986 Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology. Doubleday. Drexler, K. Eric 1992 Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computatin. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Fraser, E. 2008 «Crop yield and climate change», Retrieved on 14 September 2009. Friedenstein AJ, Deriglasova UF, Kulagina NN, Panasuk AF, Rudakowa SF, Luria EA, Ruadkow IA 1974 «Precursors for fibroblasts in different populations of hematopoietic cells as detected by the in vitro colony assay method”. Experimental Hematology 2 (2): 83–92. Friedenstein AJ, Gorskaja JF, Kulagina NN 1976 «Fibroblast precursors in normal and irradiated mouse hematopoietic organs». Experimental Hematology 4 (5): 267–74.

Guinan, Edward; Manfred Cuntz ( 2009 «The violent youth of solar proxies steer course of genesis of life». International Astronomical Union. Hans R. Schöler 2007 «The Potential of Stem Cells: An Inventory». In Nikolaus Knoepffler, Dagmar Schipanski, and Stefan Lorenz Sorgner. Human biotechnology as Social Challenge. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 28. Hsieh, P-H; Acee, T.; Chung, W-H; Hsieh, Ya-P.; Kim, H.; Thomas, G.D.; You, Ji-in; Levin, J.R.; Robinson, D.H. 2005 “Is Educational Intervention Research on the Decline?” Journal of Educational Psychology 97 (4): 523–9 James, Clive 1996 “Global Review of the Field Testing and Commercialization of Transgenic Plants: 1986 to 1995”. The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications. Kasting, James F.; Whitmore, Daniel P.; Reynolds, Ray T. 1993 «Habitable Zones Around Main Sequence Stars» (PDF). Icarus 101 (1): 108–128. Kasting, James F.; Whittet, DC; Sheldon, WR 1997 “Ultraviolet radiation from F and K stars and implications for planetary habitability”. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres27 (4): 413–420. Lederberg J, Tatum EL 1946 «Gene recombination in E. coli”. Nature 158(4016):558. Lobell DB, Burke MB, Tebaldi C, Mastrandrea MD, Falcon WP, Naylor RL 2008 «Prioritizing climate change adaptation needs for food security in 2030». Science 319 (5863): 6071 Mahdi, O.A.; Mohammed, M.A.; Mohamed, A.J. 2012 “Implementing a Novel Approach an Convert Audio Compression to Text Coding via Hybrid Technique”.International Journal of Computer Science Issues 9 (6, No. 3): 53–59.

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Greg Jaffe 2013 Director of Biotechnology at the Center for Science in the Public Interest.” What You Need to Know About Genetically Engineered Food”

Méndez, Abel 2012 “A Hot Potential Habitable Exoplanet around Gliese 163”. University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo (Planetary Habitability Laboratory). Mitalipov S, Wolf D 2009 «Totipotency, pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming». Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 114: 185–99. ML Parry, et al,, ed. 2007 “Definition of “phenology””. Appendix I: Glossary. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press (CUP): Cambridge, UK: Print version: CUP. NRC. 2004

Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods: Approaches to Assessing Unintended Health Effects. National Academies Press.

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Padua, R et al. 2013 ”Statistical Fractal Inference” ( Liceo Journal of Higher Education, XIII, pp. ___,Category A, CHED-JAS accreditation service)

Pamela Ronald 2011 Genetically Engineered Crops—What, How and Why Pujar, J.H.; Kadlaskar, L.M. 2010 “A New Lossless Method of Image Compression and Decompression Using Huffman Coding Techniques”. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15 (1): 18–23. Redd 2012

“Newfound Alien Planet a Top Contender to Host Life”.Space.com. Retrieved September 20, 2012.

Rosenzweig, C 2007 “1.3.6.1 Crops and livestock”. In ML Parry, et al, (eds.). Chapter 1: Assessment of Observed Changes and Responses in Natural and Managed Systems. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press (CUP): Cambridge, UK: Print version: CUP. Rosenzweig, C 2007 «Executive summary». In ML Parry, et al, (eds.). Chapter 1: Assessment of Observed Changes and Responses in Natural and Managed Systems. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press (CUP): Cambridge, UK: Print version: CUP. Saini, Rajiv; Saini, Santosh, Sharma, Sugandha 2010 ”Nanotechnology: The Future Medicine”. Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 3 (1): 32–33. Santos, Nuno C.; Israelian, Garik; Mayor, Michael 2003 «Confirming the Metal-Rich Nature of Stars with Giant Planets» (PDF). Proceedings of 12th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and The Sun. University of Colorado. Schneider, SH 2007 «19.3.1 Introduction to Table 19.1». In ML Parry, et al, (eds.).Chapter 19: Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the fourth

Selvam, W. 2008 “Fractals in metereological phenomena” (Indian Institute of Technology) Siminovitch L, McCulloch EA, Till JE 1963 «The distribution of colony-forming cells among spleen colonies».Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 62 (3): 327–36. Theodore Turak, William Le Baron Jenney: 1986 A Pioneer in Modern Architecture, Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press Tuch BE 2006 «Stem cells—a clinical update». Australian Family Physician 35 (9): 719–21. Turnbull, Margaret C., and Jill C. Tarter 2003 «Target selection for SETI: A catalog of nearby habitable stellar systems,» The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 145: 181–198, Ulloa-Montoya F, Verfaillie CM, Hu WS 2005 “Culture systems for pluripotent stem cells”. J Biosci Bioeng. 100 (1): 12–27.

Winter CK and Gallegos LK. 2006 Safety of Genetically Engineered Food. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Communications Publication 8180. Wolszczan, A 1994 «Confirmation of Earth Mass Planets Orbiting the Millisecond Pulsar PSR:B1257+12». Science 264 (5158): 538 Wolszczan, A.; Frail, D. A. 1992 «A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12». Nature 355 (6356): 145–147.

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Williams, Darren M.; Kasting James F.; Wade, Richard A. 1997 «Habitable moons around extrasolar giant planets». Nature 385 (6613): 234–236.

keynotespeech A Review of the Current State of the Scholarly Literature: The United States Courts Ability to Act as Autonomous Policymakers

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Wesley Kendall, J.D., Ph. D.

Lecturer, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology 521 Kim Ma, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam Email: Wesley.Kendall@rmit.edu.vn

ABSTRACT Although many different actors participate in the judicial process, it is the judges who are vested with the authority to act as the ultimate arbiters of justice. Even though each judge operates at the pinnacle of her jurisdictional sphere, her ascension to that position may have taken several possible pathways. In the United States judges gain judicial positions by either appointment or through popular election, with both methods of attaining judgeship entailing certain unique responsibilities and obligations that may influence their ability to make judicial decisions. This paper will assess the current state of literature surrounding the practical and political implications surrounding both methods of judicial selection by conducting a thorough examination of the theoretical contributions scholars have made to this line of inquiry, and discuss the importance of judicial selection in contemporary jurisprudence. Scholars have long maintained that the selection and retention of judges reflects contrasting ideas regarding the role of the courts in society. If courts are to function independently, the functionalist model of judicial selection requires courts to operate outside the influence of the electorate, in addition to the legislative and executive branches, in order to effectively serve as a check on institutional power and to preserve the rule of law. However, Dubois embraces the concept of an inherently political judiciary, finding that direct accountability through partisan elections will ensure opposition and criticism of those already in power.1 According to Webster, the judicial selection debate reflects the tension between the dual role a judge assumes as both the lawmaker and the arbiter of justice, and illustrates the dichotomy between the political and social roles judges alternately assume.2 Webster counters the functionalist model by asserting that judicial independence must be tempered by a system that ensures accountability, and states that courts must heed the majorityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s social, political and economic views when adjudicating the law, and that judicial accountability is consistent with the principles of democracy which value the importance of the popular vote.3 It seems clear that the method of judicial selection is instrumental in determining whether judges are able to retain the independence that enables them to faithfully execute their responsibilities to the bench objectively, but also determines whether they remain accountable to the public to which they serve. Certain scholars who have studied judicial selection have focused on cyclical pressures elected judges labor under, and have noted shifting patterns of judicial decision-making that correspond to electoral schedules. Melinda Gann Hall proposes an econometric model predicated upon a cost benefit approach to judicial decision-making. When examining state high courts, Hall observed that electoral incentives entice judges to conform to the popular majority, and rendering decisions that are more politically expedient, avoiding controversial decisions, and acting to preserve their longevity on the court. Hall further notes that

Literature on the United States Supreme Court as Policymaker An early influential article which addresses the fundamental question of Supreme Court legitimacy as a policy making organ of government is Robert Dahl’s Decision Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as Policy-Maker.16 In his article, Dahl proffers the view that the Supreme Court is at its core a political entity. Dahl considers the Supreme Court political because it is mainly concerned with making policy choices, a process

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this trend of the minority conforming to the majority is especially pronounced during the election season. Hall and Brace address the difference in decision-making disparities between elected and appointed judges in examining death penalty decisions. The authors found that appointed judges are more likely to overturn death penalty convictions than elected judges, especially if the elected judge has brief tenure on the court. The authors aver that the appointed judges are less beholden to their constituencies, and act according to their own preferences. Hall’s work bolsters the earlier assertions by Dubois that judges are political actors who, absent pressure by outside forces, will make decisions based upon personal preference. Judicial appointments to the United States Federal Courts have momentous import, and according to Slotnick, a president can influence the course of national affairs through his appointments for a quarter century after he leaves office. Concerning the appointment of U.S. Supreme Court Justices, Segal identifies a number of primary considerations a president would evaluate before finally selecting a nominee.4 Those considerations would include, but would not be limited to, partisanship and ideology, the political environment, prior experience, region of the candidate, the race, religion or sex of the candidate and whether the candidate is a friend or patron of the president or his political party.5 Goldman, in constructing his model for conceptualizing the strategies employed by presidents to appoint federal district court judges, advances a theory which is premised upon distinct agendas under which presidents operate; namely policy, partisan, or personal agendas.6 When viewed from the framework of Goldman’s rigidly compartmentalized model, the process of federal court nominations is revealed to be utilitarian in nature. Goldman’s work suggests that judges are appointed as policy proxies to advance the agenda of the executive, and emphasizes the nature of judicial appointments as a political currency to be spent by the president.7 Appointing multiple justices to the Supreme Court that share the President’s political, cultural, economic and judicial philosophies (i.e. “packing the court”) has been successful in that courts have tended to historically follow the dictates of the ruling coalition according to Robert Dahl.8 Dahl asserts that rulings of the Supreme Court are never long out of line with the policy views of the ruling coalition and are generally consistent with the demands of the controlling government.9 In this sense, court packing has been successful in converting the Court into an essential proxy institution for the ruling coalition, reducing its capacity to act as a countermajoritarian force. This assertion is further bolstered by the empirical research of Lawrence Baum, who maintains that as membership on the Court itself changes, collective voting patterns shift (Baum examined these behavioral trends from 1946-1985 in civil liberties cases).10 Baum’s work regarding Supreme Court decision-making comports with Susan Haire’s study of the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, in which she found that the ideological composition of the bench upon which the justice is appointed can have a discernible impact on the decisionmaking process.11 Haire found that Reagan-era appointees to the 9th Circuit staffed largely with liberal holdovers from the Carter Administration, became more moderate, conforming to the views of the majority.12 The notion that Supreme Court membership change will impact its policy production casts the Court as a dynamic political institution subject to the will of the ruling coalition. However, Mishler finds that the Court is also responsive to influence outside the government and posits that public opinion may sway the Court into modifying policy choices.13 Mischler qualifies this by noting that there is a five-year lag in responsiveness.14 This lapse may suggest that the Court follows the elected not the electorate, refuting the assertion that the Court pays attention directly to public opinion.15 Cognizance of this trend of collective conformance could conceivably impact judicial selection by inducing selectors (either executive or electoral) to choose judges who are less moderate in an attempt to achieve parity on the court (e.g. moderate executive appointing an extremely conservative jurist to a liberal bench to dilute overly liberal ideology). On balance, the impact of judicial selection is far reaching in its policy implications, and the method by which jurists are selected is critically important in striking a balance between maintaining an impartial judiciary that can fulfill its oath of office effectively, and still remain connected to the societal imperatives that justice must ultimately serve. Scholars in the area of judicial selection have contributed to our understanding of the process by conducting a methodical examination of the processes involved in picking judges, the various motivations of the participants, and a careful consideration of the outcomes different methods produce. Scholarly consensus would indicate that the accountability of elected judges is preferable over appointed judges who may act independently, but beyond the scope of societal norms.

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which is inherently political. Dahl poses questions about the Supreme Court that would be applicable to the evaluation of most political bodies of government, such as “who gets what and… what groups are benefited or handicapped…”17 Dahl asserts that the most important aspect of the Courts power is its ability to confer legitimacy on the coalition’s interpretation of the Constitution. However, Graber insists that justices “declare state and federal practices unconstitutional only when the national coalition is unable or unwilling to settle some public dispute… (and) prominent elected officials consciously invite the judiciary to resolve those political controversies that they cannot or would not address.”18 For Graber the real controversy exists between a “clashing majority”, not between the judiciary and another branch of government.19 Some theorists, such as Horowitz, see the expanding judicial responsibilities of the Court (especially over the last several decades) as contributing to the burgeoning of policy decisions foisted upon the judiciary, and impacting its status as policymaker.20 The role of the U.S. judiciary has been enlarged to encompass heretofore unadjudicated issues such as welfare administration, prison administration and education policy, to name a few. This newly acquired caseload has greatly diminished the ability of the Court to affect new public policy, in Horowitz’s estimation.21 However, Cavanaugh and Sarat proffer a compelling rejoinder to Horowitz’s argument, and strongly dispute the assertion that “the courts are doing too much and doing it badly.” The authors argue that the courts have ably demonstrated an ability to adapt to new institutional dynamics, citing the examples of the Court’s disposition of debtor-tenant defaults, related party disputes and extended impact cases.22 But Rabkin sees this “compulsion” to enter the political fray and resolve disputes among governmental agencies (Education Office of Civil Rights, to use the example the author invokes) as misguided by the Court, and furthermore that the Court lacks the equipment to manage these controversies.23 However, Rabkin doubts the Supreme Court can muster the self restraint necessary to impose constitutional limitations on its judicial authority. Gerald Rosenberg follows Robert Dahl’s original premise that Courts are incredibly constrained in their ability to create new national social policy, and argues that the Supreme Court cannot act autonomously and labors under far too many constraints imposed by other members of the governing coalition to either implement or impede policy change independently.24 Broadly, Rosenberg enumerates three conditions, all of which must be satisfied for the Court to create social reform: (1) Other political players must offer incentives/ costs to compel compliance with the Court’s ruling, (2) The market participates in Court ruling implementation and (3) The Court can provide protection to those who act.25 In the decisions Rosenberg invokes as case evidence, he astutely points to the social pressures from the civil rights movement that culminated in Brown v Board of Education26 and the social upheaval which already existed during Roe v Wade27 as the conditions upon which those decisions were made. These cases, according to Rosenberg, as they stand alone were not responsible for changes in policy. Rosenberg also refutes the importance of certain equal protection cases which created gender classifications subject to increased court scrutiny arguing these protections have done little to advance the roles of women in contemporary society. A criticism of Rosenberg’s approach would be the exceedingly narrow focus on the Supreme Court, neglecting implementation at the lower district court levels, which may also contribute to strawman complications. An extension of this criticism of Rosenberg’s tightly constrained focus on the Supreme Court is forwarded by Schultz and Gottleib, who challenge his equally confining definition of the role of courts in modern society, questioning how the courts should be viewed as social policy instruments, and asking how society should goal these institutions.28 Schultz asserts that Rosenberg, aside from his obvious evidentiary shortcomings (e.g. different standards of proof for different institutions), fails in not incorporating a more structural and institutional approach that accounts for other exogenous factors occurring within a larger political context.29 Schultz also advises looking to the lower courts to better understand the causal links between judicial efficacy and social reform.30 Canon takes Rosenberg to task for partly the same reason Schultz finds fault, an unduly restrictive conception of Supreme Court success.31 Canon criticizes Rosenberg for his narrowly defined idea of Court implementation, and claims that Rosenberg neglects to accommodate implementation that is incremental, graduated or even partial. Canon contends that not all policy success need be measured in full implementation to be considered a success in terms of impact, and that Rosenberg’s overly restrictive notion of implementation fails to capture the deep impact its rulings can have.32 Although no particular paradigm offered by any of the authors appears more compelling than any other, Rosenberg’s original idea that the Court is constrained by other factors, and cannot act autonomously, was later given more texture and a greater depth of meaning by subsequent authors who through criticism managed to build upon Rosenberg’s novel premise. Dahl and Rosenberg’s work can be viewed as contributing a large impact on Supreme Court scholarship by creating a piece of work which fomented an important discussion and debate about the very nature of Court power and its institutional limitations.

CONCLUSION Almost invariably, the scholarly literature and the empirical studies produced by both the legal and political academic communities are in agreement regarding the Supreme Court’s ability to act as a countermajoritarian institution; its power to act as a policymaker is greatly constrained by the other branches of government and susceptible to being influenced by public opinion. Although the limitations imposed upon the Court by other members of the ruling coalition vary widely in accordance with the many factors discussed in the body of the essay above, it is exceedingly rare that the Court is endowed with the ability to make any decision unfettered by any one influential factor, and completely left unencumbered by exogenous forces to craft policy independently. However, acting prudently and in cognizance of the disparate forces working earnestly to influence the Court, it can nonetheless become empowered to act decisively given the proper circumstances, and can create policy with broad political and legal ramifications.

(Endnotes) 1 Dubois, Phillip, “Accountability, Independence, and the Selection of State Judges”, Southwestern Law Journal, 40 (1986):31. 2 Webster, Peter, “Selection and Retention of Judges: Is There One Best Method?” Florida State University Law Review, 23 (1995):35.

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Segal and Spaeth have formulated a model of judicial policymaking, the attitudinal model, which postulates that all justices make decisions based solely upon their own ideological preferences and are not confined by previous decisions or indeed by the rule of law.33 The main proponents of the attitudinal model argue that they have found no empirical evidence which would indicate that justices are compelled to adhere to the principles of stare decisis (the rule of precedent) and that justices tend to vote along strict lines of preference.34 This view has been tempered by other judicial scholars, Knight and Epstein, in which they argue that judicial precedent acts as a normative constraint on judicial decision making and that justices have a preferred rule they would like to establish but modify their position to reconcile their preference with existing precedent.35 The strategic model of court decision-making holds that the Supreme Court is a collegial institution and that justices act collectively and strategically to advance their own preferences. This model proposes that justices negotiate compromise that is amenable to both reconciling policy concerns for individual members and also serves to enhance the efficiency of the Court as an institution. This collegial process effectively resolves disputes before the Court more effectively, allowing the Court to render dispositive action without the undue waste of time involved in impasse. Shapiro argues that collaboration and bargaining occur only under limited circumstances, but that “courts are actually in a better position to recognize the real public interest among the various special interests masquerading as public interests, than are legislatures or executives…” and that “indeed in a contemporary government it is the judges mind that most closely mirrors the demos, as the rest of government is more and more fragmented into the various specializations needed to cope with an increasingly complex environment.”36 Another model used to assess the ability of the court to create policy is the historical institutionalist model. This model asserts that decisions must be placed in an interpretative and historical context and that Court decisions be constrained within a political, systemic framework. Adding and expounding upon the historical institutional model, Kritzer conceptualized jurisprudential regimes.37 These regimes are comprised of discreet, historically steeped bodies of law, rules and regulations that are molded into precedential structures which guide and influence Court decisions. This neo-institutionalist approach opines that regimes are social constructs that can be ignored but essentially form a framework which the justices uses to overcome the appearance of acting strictly in accordance with personal preference. While it is difficult to determine with absolute certainty whether the justices of the Supreme Court always votes along political or ideological preferences (due to the general reticence of the Court to confess partisanship or admit political influence or even discuss their own deliberative processes) it is possible to determine which highly charged cases became controversial and created the appearance of political motive. According to Gillman, controversial decisions are those “where judges (a) make decisions consistent with their political affiliations and (b) receive no support from judges with different party loyalties and that (c) seem inconsistent with the judge’s usual pattern of decision making or with generally accepted understandings of the existing law.”38 A decision having met all these criteria, a rebuttable assumption arises which indicates partisan considerations may have influenced the decision made by a justice.

Ibid. 36.

Segal, Jeffery , “The Role of Qualifications in the Confirmation of Nominees to the U.S. Supreme Court,” Florida State Law Review, 32 (2006):1146-1173. Ibid. 1150-1165. Goldman, Sheldon, “Picking Federal Judges: Lower Court Selection From Roosevelt Through Reagan”, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, (1997). Ibid. 15-52. Goldman draws upon several Presidential Administrations for historical anecdotes regarding the increasingly political nature of judicial appointments, beginning with the Roosevelt Administration. Dahl, Robert A, “Decision-Making in a Democracy: the Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker”, Journal of Public Law 6 (1957): 279-295. Ibid 280. Baum, Lawrence, “Membership Change and Collective Voting Change in the United States Supreme Court” , The Journal of Politics, 54 (1992): 3-24. Haire, Susan, “Judicial Selection and Decision-Making in the 9th Circuit”, Arizona Law Review, 48 (2006):267 Ibid 285. Mishler, William, “The Supreme Court as a Countermajoritarian Institution? The Impact of Public Opinion on Supreme Court Decisions”, The American Political Science Review, 87 (1993): 87-101. Ibid. 90-92. Ibid. 90-95. Supra Dahl at note 8. Ibid. 283. Graber, Mark, “The Non-Majoritarian Difficulty: Legislative Deference to the Judiciary”, Studies in American Political Development, 7 (1993):35-73. Ibid. 38. Horowitz, Donald, “The Courts and Social Policy”, Brookings Publishing (1977): 13. Ibid. 15. Cavanagh, Ralph, “Thinking about Courts: Toward and Beyond a Jurisprudence of Judicial Competence”, Law & Society Review, 14 (1980):371-420. Rabkin, Jeremy, “Office for Civil Rights, in The Politics of Regulation”, James Q. Wilson Edition (1980):34. Rosenberg, Gerald, “The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring About Social Change?”, University of Chicago Press, (2008). Ibid. 5-20. Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483, (1954). Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, (1973). Schultz, David A., “Legal Functionalism and Social Change: A Reassessment of Rosenberg’s THE HOLLOW HOPE.” Peter Lang Publishing, (1998): 169-213. Ibid 169-213. Ibid.169-213. Canon, Bradley, “The Supreme Court and Policy Reform: The Hollow Hope Revisited”, Peter Lang Publishing (1998): 215–249. Ibid. 224-240. Segal, Jeffrey, “The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model”, New York: Cambridge University Press, (1993). Ibid. 10-24. Knight, Jack, “The Norm of Stare Decisis”, American Journal of Political Science, 40 (1996):1018-1035. Shapiro, Martin, “The Juridicalization of Politics in the United States”, International Political Science Review, 15 (1994): 111. Kritzer, Herbert, “Jurisprudential Regimes and Supreme Court Decisionmaking: The Lemon Regime and Establishment Clause Cases”, Law & Society Review, 37(2003): 827-840. Gillman, Howard, “The Votes That Counted”, University of Chicago Press, (2001):176.

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Summary

keynotespeech Comparatist Mind for a Sustainable World Dr. Ken Kawasaki

By examining the concept “cultural diversity”from a new perspective, this presentation intends to encourage each researcher to deepen his or her understanding of an indigenous culture that the researcher shares with other community members. Because such an understanding is promoted against the backdrop of other cultures, the concept “cultural diversity” will stimulate a comparative study of relationships between his or her culture and others. This concept should be understood in away similar to how the concept “biodiversity” is understood in ecology. In ecology, the relationships between plants, animals, people and their environment, and the balances between these relationships,are focused on. It is implicitly supposed that extinction of any species of plant or animal will be to the detriment of human life eventually. In the same way, the concept “cultural diversity” signifies that extinction of any culture will be to the detriment of human life. “Cultural diversity” is just like a candle flickering in the wind. This is illustrated by the following conversation between two researchers from different cultures: “What is your major?”“My major is *.”It is possible to say any kind of learning at the asterisk, for example, English literature, Ancient Greek thought, anthropology, sociology of science, plasma spectroscopy or molecular biology. It should be noticed that in principle every kind of learning stems from Greco-Roman civilization. The presentation will propose the way the comparatist mind can reconcile “what all researchers regard as learning” with so called indigenous cultures, breeding grounds where learning is respectively fostered.

World Research Festival 2013

Emeritus Professor of Kochi University Professor of Kochi University of Technology kenknym@aqr.e-catv.ne.jp http://home.e-catv.ne.jp/kawasaki-knym/index.html

The Community Capital: The Primary Consideration for Successful Relocation of a Community Impacted by Natural Disaster Sunia Fukofuka fukofukas@aiias.edu Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies, Silang, Cavite, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 Plenary 5 • 10:33 - 11:03 a.m

Plenary Sessions

The general objective of the study was to develop a holistic model for the relocation of communities affected by natural disasters. Specifically, the study identified the critical factors when relocating communities affected by natural disaster; identified the current patterns of relocating communities affected by natural disaster; and utilized both the critical factors and current patterns identified to build a model whereby communities affected by natural disasters can be relocated holistically. To accomplish this study, the grounded theory design was utilized. Data were collected from four communities that were relocated in the Philippines. These were analyzed using Glaser’s coding scheme: initial coding, selecting coding, and theoretical coding. The findings of this study suggested that for a community to be successfully relocated, its primary consideration should be the community capital. The community capital is defined in this study as the intangible nucleus of a community that is accumulated right from the beginning of its construction its four dimensions are resilience, socialization, spirituality, and physical structure. These four dimensions are explained in this study and how it combines to build the community capital. Keywords: Social Sciences, community capital, relocation, grounded theory, Gawad Kalinga, Cavite, Philippines

English Instruction in Saudi Electronics and Home Appliances Institute - Diriyah, Saudi Arabia Roel Palo Anicas roelanicas@yahoo.com Saudi Electronics and Home Appliances Institute (SEHAI), Diriyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Day 3: May 3, 2013 Plenary 6 • 11:04 - 11:34 a.m.

The study determined the status of the English Instruction in Saudi Electronics and Home Appliances Institute (SEHAI) in Diriyah, Saudi Arabia. The research used the descriptive research. It utilized a five-part questionnaire while 62 Level 2 students and 76 Level 1 students served as respondents. Statistical measures used included weighted means and the T-test. Results revealed that the objectives were very much attained; the effectiveness of the teaching strategies used by teachers was very effective; the adequacy of the instructional materials was least adequate; the seriousness of the problems encountered was very much serious; the need for remedial measures was very much needed. The null hypotheses were accepted. The very much attained objectives are an indication that the objectives were useful; that effective strategies were used in teaching; that the lack of instructional materials in teaching have resulted to least adequate perception by the respondents and that very much serious problems were not isolated cases and a number of suggested measures to minimize these problems encountered were available for the teacher of English to further improve the teaching-learning process. Keywords: Language and Communication, English instruction, teaching objectives; teaching strategies; instructional materials; problems encountered; remedial measures, Saudi Electronics and Home Appliances Institute, descriptive design, Saudi Arabia

Theme: Research for a sustainable world!

Bangsamoro Peace Agreement Framework: Perceptions and Hopes of Davaoeňos Reynaldo O. Cuizon cuizonrey@yahoo.com.ph University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Borneo

Keywords: Social Science, Bangsamoro Peace Agreement Framework, perceptions and hopes of Davaoeňos, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

Habermas’ Communicative Action: A Challenge to Organizational Leaders Rizza Fe M. Yuag Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Borneo

Sociologists believed that an organization is a conglomeration of individual cultural practices and not just a system of human beings acting and interacting with each other. This communion can either result to thought conflict or agreement. Presently, conflict is more observed within the organization. Thus, this critical action research aimed to uncover the challenge of Habermas’ theory on communicative action to organizational leaders in integrating various demands of its constituents. Using hermeneutical analysis, it was found that Habermas emphasized dialogue and open communication as unifying agents which secures interpersonal relationship and solidarity within the organization. He clarified that leaders should consider organization as an integral part of family relationship where every member is heard equally. Emphasis was also given to the empowerment and encouragement of other members of the organization as contributory factors to strengthen organization. Lastly, competent leaders systematically and orderly organized and deliberate things along with the other members in the organization. The study ended with an implication that leaders’ self-reflection and effective communication provides a better way of social and organizational formation and transformation. Thus, it is recommended that leaders should equip themselves with the necessary skills and techniques on communicative administration for the good of organization. Keywords: Social Science, communication, leadership, communicative action, social unification, descriptive design, Southern Leyte, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Peace is not just absence of war. It is enlivened by social justice. Structural violence (poverty due to unequal distribution of wealth) as human rights violation triggers social conflict (Fountain, 1999). The Philippine Government –Moro Islamic Liberation Front’s Bangsamoro Peace Agreement (BPA) is a conflict resolution framework. What percentage of Davaoeňos has favourable perceptions and hopes on BPA? Using descriptive design via systematic sampling and frequency count, found were 71% of the 1,200 respondents perceive BPA as upshot of failure to establish genuine autonomy, present state system oppression, and the continuing armed conflict. BPA was perceived as more appropriate than ARMM (64%). Only 9% perceived that BPA embodies people’s sentiment however 65% hoped it leads to lasting peace. The hopefuls comprised males (55%), females (45%), low income (84%), meagre (8%), and high income earners (1%), unemployed (28%), employed (2%), underemployed (33%), selfemployed (18%). Economic growth (93%), revenue sharing (76%) and wealth/power sharing in new autonomous region by 2016 superseding ARMM (73%), dutiful involved parties (69%), and serious monitoring and assessment (70%) were hoped. In conclusion, majority of Davaoeňos who are hopeful of BPA success perceived it as relevant. Similar survey implemented in ARMM and new autonomous region is recommended.

Audience Perception on the Probable Transformation of Larong Lahi into Dance

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Las Johansen B. Caluza lasjohansencaluza@gmail.com Leyte Normal University, Tacloban City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Borneo

Filipino indigenous games or Larong Lahi are recreational activities taught in Physical Education classes at the tertiary level. These games are no longer played by children in the streets or playgrounds. This study sought to investigate the audience perceptions of the Filipino Indigenous Games transformation into cultural dance drama. The researcher choreographed a dance integrating the 10 select Larong Lahi and presented it to the respondents. The research design used in this study was the quantitative approach. A survey questionnaire was used as the main instrument in this study and was administered to determine the audience perceptions towards the Larong Lahi as interpreted into a dance. The data were summarized using frequencies, percentages and means. It was found that there was a great impression of the Larong Lahi being interpreted into a dance. This can be used as a new approach in teaching recreational activities in Physical Education. It was mentioned by the respondents that interpreting the Larong Lahi as a dance revives Filipino cultural heritage and reminds Filipinos of their social activities. Finally, this research will provide an additional knowledge base to future researchers who will study similar topics. Keywords: Physical Education, cultural dance, Larong Lahi, Filipino indigenous games, descriptive design, Tacloban City, Philippines

Experiments in Wave Optics using Semiconductor Diode Laser Alwielland Q. Bello alwielland@gmail.com Bukidnon State University Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Borneo

The study demonstrated how laser beam could be used as monochromatic and coherent light source for conventional wave optics experiments in a classroom setting. The researcher designed and put together a complete experimental setup consisting primarily of a semiconductor diode laser that has been utilized as light source for interference and polarization experiments. Interference experiments are carried out in lieu of the Young’s double-slit experiment in which the resulting diffraction patterns are obtained in order to deduce both the wavelength of the laser beam and grating distance of a blank compact disc (CD). Polarization experiments are also performed to determine the relationship between laser beam intensity and polarization angle of laser beam. Under the interference experiments; the diffraction grating experiment obtained the experimental value of laser beam wavelength with maximum % error of 3.12%, while the CD grating experiment obtained the experimental value of grating distance with maximum % error of 3.32%. Meanwhile the polarization experiment obtained data points that reveal a consistent sinusoidal relationship between the light intensity and polarization angle that is predicted by Malus’s law. The intensity-vs-cos2θ graph obtained has R-value of 99.8%, which means a very high positive correlation between the intensity and cos2θ variables. Keywords: Physics, wave optics, semiconductor diode laser, interference, diffraction patterns, wavelength, Young’s double-slit experiment, light intensity, polarization, Malus’s law, experimental design, Bukidnon, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Rice Productivity as Influenced by Time of Inorganic Nitrogen Application Narcisa S. Aganon narcisaaganon@yahoo.com Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Borneo

A field experiment was carried out at Barangay Quezon, San Isidro, Isabela from September to December 2011 to evaluate the productivity of early (NSIC Rc 18) and late maturing (NSIC Rc 104) rice varieties as influenced by time of nitrogen application. The field trial was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The two varieties did not differ in number of productive and unproductive tillers, length of panicles, and weight of 1000 grains. However, NSIC Rc 104 obtained higher number of filled spikelets and grain yield per sampling area. The time of nitrogen application did not affect the length of panicles and weight of 1000 grains. The application of nitrogen at basal MT and PI (T3) and basal, MT, PI and BS (T4) significantly increased the number of productive tillers, number of filled spikelets, and grain yield. Results revealed no positive interaction of variety and time of nitrogen application for all measured traits. NSIC Rc 104 when applied with nitrogen in 2 to 4 split application significantly increased the number of filled spikelets per panicle. Split application of Nitrogen at T3 should be adopted by farmers during wet season because grain yield is significantly increased.

Some Aspects of Biology and Management of Aramang (Nematoplaemon tenuipes) Romeo C. Culasing romeoculasing@gmail.com Cagayan State University -Aparri, Cagayan, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Borneo The study assessed the growth and reproduction parameters of aramang particularly on the length infinity (Loo), growth constant (K), maturity size, recruitment size and the peaks of spawning. These factors were considered biologically and economically on the formulation of proposed Management scheme. This was presented to the LGU of Aparri particularly the Sanguniang Bayan for their enactment and adoption into a management and conservation plan or measure to sustain exploitation at sustainable level. Samples were in total length, classified as to egg bearing and non-egg bearing, and data of lengths were subjected to Fish Stock Assessment Tool (FiSAT).Results showed that aramang reached a maximum length of 86 mm, size at recruitment at 26 mm, and the smallest sample with eggs is 29 mm in length. The Von Bertalanffy Growth Constant is K=1.40 indicating that aramang is fast growing and short lived fish. Egg bearing sample were highest on the months of March (53.74%), September (62.00%) and October (55.00%). The non-egg bearing samples were highest in January (80.26 %), May (56.88%) with an annual average of (53.28%). The monthly average length of the catch increased from January 43.91 mm to October at 55.25 mm. Based on the results, a proposed management scheme was drafted for consideration by concerned agencies for the aramang resource. Keywords: Biology, management, aramang, Paleamon sp., descriptive design, Cagayan, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Keywords: Agriculture, productivity, time of nitrogen application, rice, experimental design, Quirino, Philippines

DNA-Binding Property of the Most Bioactive Metabolite from the Hexane Extract of the Aerial Part of Hydrocotyle verticillata

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Nathalie L. Daminar nathalie.daminar@gmail.com Caraga State University,Cabadbaran Campus Cabadbaran City, Agusan del Norte, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Borneo Many plants were found to contain compounds, the bioactive components, which are used in natural medicine and are great source for new therapeutic agents like having DNA binding ability. In this study, the main interest was to determine whether the most bioactive component of the plant Hydrocotyle verticillata, had DNA-Binding property. The natural components of the aerial part of H. verticillata were extracted using solvent extraction according to increasing polarity: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and water. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, lowest LC50, was then conducted to test its bioactivity and purification of the most bioactive extract was done through series of Gravity Column Chromatography(GCC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis (HPLC). Biomolecular-chemical screening was utilized to evaluate DNA Binding property of the most bioactive component. Results revealed that that n - hexane extract showed to be the most bioactive and after further purification, four isolates labeled (HF5B1, HF5B2, HF5B3 and HF5B4) were obtained and further yield a subfraction HF5B2a showing its single sharp peak on the HPLC chromatogram with a retention time of 8.135 min. Furthermore, result showed that HF5B2a had Rf2/Rf1 ratio of 0.800 (below 1), thus, implying affinity of the compound towards DNA. Keywords: Chemistry, Hydrocotyle verticillata, Biomolecular-Chemical Screening, Iligan City, Philippines

Sanitation Practices of the Residents of Zone 6 Barangay Cabigsing Marjorie A. Española marjorieastorias@gmail.com Palawan State University, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Borneo

The investigated the sanitation practices of the residents and verified their household waste, its effects to their lives, and the usual garbage that exists in the area. It utilized the researcher-made-questionnaire during the data-gathering. Out of 43 household respondents, 51.1% finished their education in High school level. Majority of them were downright housewife. The truck collected most of their garbage. The respondents practiced recycling process such as reusing of plastic, torn papers and collecting bottles. The residents have poor attitudes and perceptions towards waste handling, but they practiced recycling and segregation of waste. The local community should take some livelihood activities to the community related to the recycling process for the housewives to supplement income. The women should be motivated to play a vital part to their greater participation in delivery of garbage. The community should establish appropriate attitudes and perceptions towards waste disposal through formal and informal learning. The people should strictly enforce policies like “TAPATMO,LINIS MO” for their own benefit. Keywords: Environmental Science, environment sanitation practices, descriptive design, Palawan, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Orthosiphon aristatus Extract as Anthelmintic Jhoanna Battung-Calubaquib jb_calubaquib@yahoo.com Cagayan State University - Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Borneo

Keywords: Anthelmintic Property, Orthosiphon aristatus, Bioassay, In vivo Laboratory Experiments, Modified McMaster Egg-Counting Technique, Steam Distillation

Student Teaching Mentors’ Role: A perspective from University Student Teachers Leslie Elisa S. Cobilla cobillales@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Borneo The Student Teaching Mentors (STMs) have vital roles in supporting Student Teachers (STs) in modeling, facilitating, focusing practices and evaluating procedures. Gathering and evaluating evidences on how the STMs functions on these roles is of great relevance in the improvement of Student Teaching Program (STP). Aimed at assessing the mentors’ role in the STP of Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus, this descriptive study was conducted. A total of 100 STMs from different cooperating schools of SLSU - TO and 91 STs identified through stratified random sampling responded positively to the researcher-made questionnaire and interview. Descriptive analyses revealed that though STMs were a result of an inconsistent selection guideline as mandated by PAFTE, they were academically qualified. Moreover, it was revealed that despite their minimal experience as classroom teachers and demonstrators, they were rated very satisfactorily in their performance. Inferential analysis disclosed that despite the STMs high willingness to perform their roles as facilitators, role models, and evaluators, this willingness falls short on the ST’s expectations. Thus, the quality education of ST’s suffered due to poor selection of STMs especially on the teachers’ aspect of role modeling. It is, therefore, recommended that sustainable mentoring trainings for STMs should be done. Keywords: Philippine Teacher Education, mentoring, student teaching, descriptive evaluation, Southern Leyte, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Discovering the efficacy of herbal alternatives for human and animal population has been carried out in the last few decades. The study investigated the efficacy of Orthosiphon aristatus aqueous crude extract as anthelmintics. Bioassay and in vivo laboratory experiments were pursued in Lal-lo, Cagayan, Philippines. The crude extract of the stems and leaves of O. aristatus responded positively to all the test reagents and solutions used to screen for alkaloid, saponin and tannin. Through steam distillation, volatile oil was collected from the samples. The computed percent efficacy, 92.48%, shows that O. aristatus aqueous crude extract has anthelmintic potential. The anthelmintic property of the plant sample is attributed to the presence of bioassayed chemicals. The treated swine were given extract concentrations- 25%, 50% and 75% in three ages-1517, 18-20, and 21-23 weeks, respectively. The concentrations were administered at a constant dose of 5g/kg body weight. The collected feces from the swine were examined using the Modified McMaster Egg-counting Technique. Adult worms were observed with magnifying lens. Weight gain was determined every second week after treatment. The treated swine manifested higher growth rate, decreased number of worm eggs, and reduced number of adult worms. Orthosiphon aristatus crude extract effectively controls swine parasites.

First Year High School Students’ Composition Writing Performance

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Jonah C. Celestino paulinejohanna@yahoo.com Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Borneo

Nearly every first year student in the Philippines has hard time coming up with a good English writing composition. This research assessed the performance in composition writing of first year students in the public secondary schools in the division of Quirinoutilizing their profile and their teachers’ and by evaluating their performance along grammar, structure, vocabulary and mechanics. This research gathered data through the use of teacher-made test; they were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages, means, t-test and ANOVA. Findings showed that the respondents had highest mean in Mechanics followed by Structure but “low” in Grammar and Vocabulary. The F-test result, however, showed a trend: the younger the respondents, the better they perform in composition writing. Students whose fathers are engineers and teachers had “High” performance in Structure and Mechanics and a student whose parent is a college graduate had the highest mean percentage score. Expectedly, teachers have a significant part in the composition writing performance of students. Findings showed that those who also teach Math aside from English had students who performed better than those who teach English only. Also, teachers who had attended 8 and more English-related trainings/seminars/workshops had students who performed better in composition writing. However, grand means confirmed profile of teachers to have negligible influence to the scores of their students in composition writing. Keywords: Language and Communication, Philippine secondary schools, first year high school, composition writing, performance , mechanics, structure, grammar, vocabulary. Descriptive design, Quirino, Philippines

Factors Affecting Student’s Reading Competency Visitacion S. Simbulan visitacion14@yahoo.com Isabela State University - Echague Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Borneo

Reading English materials is difficult for non-English learners due to the complexities of signals, structures and patterns of the English Language. The unsatisfactory performance of students in the classroom is attributed in their ability to interpret the materials read due to the limitation of their reading competency. The study determined the problems and difficulties that affect the students’ reading competency. It related student’s reading comprehension ability and their profile attributes on the perceived causes, problems / difficulties affecting their reading comprehension. The study used the descriptive survey method of research. It also made used of inferential statistics. Likert scale described the ratings of the different areas under survey. Slovins formula determined the population of the study. Based on the findings, the perceived causes and problems of the respondents have profound effects on their reading comprehension. The statistical analysis used to test the independence of the different profile attributes had shown insignificant relationship among the variables. “Lack of interest”, “reading comprehension” and “other problems” were among the leading causes that affect the reading ability of the respondents. The unwise use of leisure and inadequate books were perceived as having effect on the reading comprehension difficulties. Keywords: Language, reading competency, comprehension, profile, descriptive design, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Organizational Crisis: The Incestuous Relationship between Primary Values, Gaps, Disabled Functions, and Management Failures Sunia Fukofuka fukofukas@aiias.edu Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies, Silang, Cavite, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Jade 1

Keywords: Crisis Management, organizational crisis, Grounded Theory, Proximity Matrix, descriptive design, Cavite, Philippines

Selling Used Clothing (Ukay-ukay) as an Occupation: An Ethnographic Study Evelyn J. Grey evjancorda@yahoo.com.ph West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Jade 1

This study was conducted to examine the cultural scene in the selling of used clothings (Ukay-ukay) as an occupation. This is a qualitative research utilizing the descriptive and ethnographic research design particularly participant observation and interview. The study found out that the social roles of those in the (Ukay-ukay) business area are distinct and specific regardless of the role they played. It was found out that the role of the owner is to supervise and oversee the business. Meanwhile, the most active role is assumed by the assistant. They are usually found standing at the center of the bargain table surrounded by the pool of fabrics and shouting out cheaper prices at the top of their voices in order to attract buyers. It was also found out that most of the buyers of used clothings are women, mostly housewives who buy clothes for themselves and their children. This explains the feminization of poverty, which means that women are the ones affected by poverty firsthand. Further, it was observed that the usual social situation happening in the business is that the assistants are comparing their sales in the area of assignments which signify that the higher the sales implied their expertise in disposing their items. Finally, the typical cultural scene in the Ukay-ukay business is a frenzied, noisy and chaotic environment. Keywords: Social Science, used clothings, occupation, cultural scene, descriptive design, Iloilo City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

The nature of organizational crisis is changing. These changes include: the increasing frequency of crisis incidents; the rising costs of the damages it creates; the wider impact in different stakeholders affected; and that new characteristics are found with every new crisis incident. Thus, the crisis management literature has authors arguing for changes to the crisis framework to reflect these changes and the way people go about dealing with crisis. Though it is important to factor in changes in the crisis framework to reflect above mentioned changes, it is even more critical to recognize the factors that stay the same. The purpose of this article is to figure out the factors that are the same regardless of the nature and the industry in which the crisis incident occurred. A grounded theory approach was utilized in the analysis of the sinking of the MV Princess Ashika in Tonga (2009) and the collapse of the Barings Bank in Singapore/London (1995). It was found that there is an incestuous relationship between primary values, gaps, disabled functions, and management failures. This incestuous relationship is argued to be what remains the same in organizational crises regardless of the changes pointed out.

Campus Journalism-Related Factors and Journalistic Merits of Student Publications in Davao City

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Mona L. Laya mona_labial@yahoo.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Jade 1 Campus journalism plays an important role in the academe. Student journalists, therefore, should be continually developed to produce a school paper article that is fair, balanced and investigative. Unfortunately, not all schools provide the necessary training and there is a lack of awareness about Campus Journalism Act of 1991, which resulted to a proliferation of mediocre news or feature articles in student publications. Thus, this study was conceptualized to find out if there is a significant relationship between campus journalismrelated factors and journalistic merits of student publications. Fifteen school papers from higher education institutions in Davao City were the sources of data. A validated questionnaire was used in measuring the journalism proficiency of the writers. Moreover, a group of three experts from the College Editors Guild of the Philippines evaluated the journalistic merits of student publications. Findings of the study revealed that campus journalism-related factors and journalistic merits of student publications are at moderate levels. This means that the writers are proficient and free to write about a topic that they like but at certain limitations. The Campus Journalism Act of 1991 is not fully implemented. Moreover, there is a significant moderate relationship between campus journalism-related factors and journalistic merits of student publications. Keywords: Mass Communication, campus journalism, journalistic merits, Campus Journalism Act of 1991, student publications, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

Understanding of Environmental Governance and Implementation of Policies Pertaining to Egaña River’s Protection, Sibalom Antique, Philippines Ronald S. Baynosa John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University Molo, Iloilo City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Jade 1

The study explored the participants’ understanding about the environmental governance and implementation of policies pertaining to the protection of Egaña River, Sibalom at the Province of Antique, Philippines. The study utilized quantitative-qualitative research design. It used data-gathering instrument and interview schedule. Participants of the study were 21 residents, barangay officials, municipality officers, and fisher folks living near the Egaña River at Sibalom, Province of Antique, Philippines. Statistical tools used were frequency count, percentage, and rank to identify the scope of the understanding of the participants regarding the protection of the nature. The study identified the different practices, activities, and programs pertaining to environmental protection and implementation of the policies of the municipality towards the protection of river. Moreover, the study presented the understanding of the policies regarding the river’s protection among the different sectors of the community and stakeholders. To further reinforce the data generated for the investigation, researchers of the present study conducted interview among the participants in order to draw their understanding about environmental concerns and policy implementation advocated by the government officials concerned. Keywords: Social Sciences, environmental governance, policies, Egaña River’s protection, descriptive design, Iloilo City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Climate Change Literacy of Davao City Residents in the Coastal Areas of Sasa 11 and Barangay 76A Princy A. Luga Prency_luga@yahoo.com.ph University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Jade 1

Keywords: Environmental Science, climate change literacy, global warming, global climate change, residents, coastal areas, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

Indigenous Energy Feed Utilization during the Finishing Stage of Broilers Julie A. Manuel jamanuel_qsc@yahoo.com Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Jade 1

Roughly three-fourths of broiler production expenditure is feed cost. As such, research should be geared on generating cost efficient technology that will reduce feed expenses without any ill effects on broilers. Thus, indigenous feed utilization was explored. With three indigenous energy feeds as partial replacement to broiler finisher ration, the study assessed possible effects on broilers’ growth performance, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and dressing percentage; find the most suitable indigenous energy feed during finishing stage and determine the economic return, i.e., net income (NI) and return on investment (ROI). Following CRD, four treatments with three replications were used as follows: T0 (Control): commercial feeds (CF); T1: CF and Rice bran (RB); T2: CF and Rice Middlings (RM) and T3: CF and Cassava Meal (CM). ANOVA and LSD were used for statistical analysis. Alternate feeding of broiler finisher ration with either RB, RM or CM one week prior to market yielded results comparable to sole CF feeding, i.e., in terms of growth responses and FCR. Significant difference on dressing percentage was recorded. RM feeding yielded higher NI and ROI. Feeding RM during finishing period therefore, is a good practice broiler raisers can adopt. Keywords: Agriculture, Philippine broiler production, broiler, finishing stage, indigenous energy feed, utilization, rice bran, rice middlings, cassava meal, descriptive design, Quirino, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Climate change brings calamities, and consequently, endangers human health. Knowledge and awareness about climate change should be inculcated in the minds of the people especially those living in coastal areas. Thus, this study determined the level of climate change literacy, particularly at global warming and global climate change issues, of the residents of Sasa and Barangay 76A, Davao City. Moreover, this investigation also assessed the level of actions of the residents to mitigate the impact of climate change. Sixty-six respondents from Sasa 11 and 70 from Barangay 76A were randomly selected to answer a 30-item-5point Likert-scaled valid survey questionnaire. Pearson product moment coefficient of correlation was used to determine the relationships between respondent’s knowledge on global warming and global climate change and their corresponding mitigation measures. Findings of the study revealed that the residents of the two coastal areas have high level of awareness as regards the issues of global warming and have moderately high level of awareness on facts about global climate change. The residents have high level of involvement in rendering mitigation measures to lessen the impact of climate change. There were moderate significant relationships between the levels of knowledge and mitigation measures.

Awareness on Climate Change and Compliance on the Code of Practice for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning in Ilocos Sur, Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Manuel Bajet, Jr manuelbajet@yahoo.com University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Jade 1 This study was conducted to evaluate the climate change awareness of service providers and their compliance on the Code of Practice on Refrigerant and Air Conditioning in Ilocos Sur. Particularly, the study focused on registration, refrigerant handling and storage, recovery, recycling, reclamation and disposal and safety aspect. Using descriptive research design, the study was implemented to 56 service providers grouped into domestic, commercial and mobile air conditioning units. A survey questionnaire was used to gather data which were analyzed using mean, t-test and Pearson r. Findings disclosed that majority of the service providers were not TESDA accredited, they have a “Very High Level” of awareness on climate change and ozone depleting substances. Extent of practices based on the Code of Practice for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning disclosed that the respondents always practiced what have been stipulated in the code. However, results revealed that there is no significant difference between the two groups of respondent on the level of awareness on climate change and on the extent of practices based on the Code of Practice for Refrigerant and Air Conditioning. Thus, practices adapted by refrigeration and air conditioning service providers were not influenced by the awareness on climate change. Keywords: Environmental Science, climate change, ozone depleting substances, Code of Practice, descriptive design, Ilocos Sur, Philippines

Combined Effects of Crop Establishment and Harvest Methods on the Rice Stem Borers and Its Natural Enemies Population Gina D. Balleras ballerasg@yahoo.com Philippine Rice Research Institute, Bual Norte, Midsayap, North Cotabato Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Jade 1

The severe infestation of rice stem borer (RSB) forced farmers to rely mainly on chemical pest control methods. Identification of cost-effective combination of crop establishment and harvest methods is imperative to mitigate RSB damage that favors effective natural enemies’ population. Hence, the combined effects of two crop establishment and three harvest methods on RSB and its associated natural enemies’ populations in irrigated famer’s field in Mindanao were evaluated. Levels of insect pest and their associated natural enemies population were assessed at different growth stages using sweep netting and handpicking methods. Three species of RSB; namely, white stem borer (WSB; Scirpophaga innotata, Walker), striped stem borer (SSB; Chilo suppressalis, Fabricius), and pink stem borer (PSB; Sesamiainferens, Walker) at different growth stages were recorded. Individual count of eggmass, larvae, pupae and adult was 15, 30, 2 percent higher, respectively, in direct seeded than in transplanted fields. This RSB population is positively correlated to the effective predators and parasitoids population in transplanted fields. In addition, number of aestivating RSB larvae during follow period was highest in drier puddies with the longest, 27-32 cm, standing stubbles. Findings suggested that transplanting method at recommended seeding density and cutting the stubbles closer to the ground would minimize RSB population in the succeeding cropping season. Keywords: Agriculture, integrated pest management, stem borers, descriptive analysis, North Cotabato, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Select Cultural Management Practices for Sustained Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Production Pet Roey L. Pascual petroey262301@yahoo.com Cebu Technological University– Barili Campus Barili, Cebu, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Jade 1

Keywords: Cultural Management, sustainable agriculture, cultural management practices, experimental design, Cebu City, Philippines

Perceptions of Students on Plagiarism in a Graduate School of Education Ma. Concepcion L. Mores mcblmores07@gmail.com Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology, Main Campus, Victoria, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines

Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:31 – 4:50 pm Venue: Jade 1 Student plagiarism is a big dilemma faced in education. An overview of its practice among students in the Graduate School of Education of the Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology was presented in this study. Specifically, their perceptions on their recognition of plagiarism, prevalence of plagiarizing and reasons for practice were determined as basis for designing potential countermeasures. A descriptive survey method of research using structured questionnaire was employed among a sample of 242 students in the master’s and doctoral education programs. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, arithmetic mean and weighted mean were utilized in data analysis. Nearly all respondents claimed to have knowledge of plagiarism, but such knowledge was acquired not until they were in college and graduate school. Although majority claimed they have never plagiarized, a considerable number of them committed several acts of plagiarism posing a question on how well do they really understand plagiarism. Their most frequently cited reasons for plagiarizing were lack of awareness and incorrect understanding of what plagiarism encompasses. The students therefore have a poor understanding of the concept of plagiarism, hence, there is a need to educate them. Powerful measures for preventing plagiarism at all levels of students’ academic life should be employed. Keywords: Education, plagiarism, perceptions, descriptive design, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Cultural management practices such as pruning and fertilization generally affects the overall performance of plants thereby also affecting its profitability. Thus, a study was conducted to determine the effects of organic fertilization, height of pruning and time of pruning on the number of days when the plant stops producing marketable fruits, total number of fruits per plant, total weight of fruits per plant and the profit derived from these cultural management practices. Significant interaction effects among the three cultural management factors were observed on the all the parameters considered. Okra planted in 100% compost medium and pruned 75% of their height after 50 days from the first harvest performed best among all other cultural management combinations. Profit-wise, the best treatment combination was growing okra in 50% compost + 50% garden soil and pruned 75% of their height after 50 days from the first harvest. These results showed that for a single cropping of okra, growing okra in 50% compost + 50% garden soil and pruned 75% of their height after 50 days from the first harvest can improve its yield and yield characteristics, profit-wise, reducing compost concentration by 50% is recommended.

The Influence of Teachers’ Leadership on Pupils’ Discipline in Elementary Schools

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Emiry P. Depalubos emirydepalubos@yanoo.com.ph Basakan Elementary School, Mabinay, Negros Oriental, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Jade 1 The study evaluated the influence of teachers’ leadership on pupils’ discipline in all elementary schools of Mabinay District 1, Mabinay, Negros Oriental covering 346 pupil respondents from Grade 4, Grade 5 and Grade 6 levels. Descriptive design was used. Results revealed that majority of the pupil-respondents perceived their teachers as receptive and ready to attend to the pupils’ needs at any opportunity. They were influenced by their teachers to become polite to people in authority, came to school early and develop strong respect for one another because of the teachers’ pedagogical skills. Pupils were influenced by their teachers’ supervisory skills to become conscientious in their various school tasks. Findings also showed that the respondents were strongly influenced by their teachers to do their assignments at home, read lots of books in the library. There was significant relationship between students’ perceived planning roles of teachers on all pupil respondents’ socio-demographic profile except gender. Age, grade level, textbooks, distance from house to school, parents’ educational attainment and family income of pupils affected their perception of their teachers’ planning roles. All three teacher leadership aspects had highly significant influence on their pupils’ discipline. Hence, it is recommended that teachers should create an environment conducive and comfortable for learning and impose disciplinary rules inside the classrooms with collaboration from parents. Keywords: Education, influence, teachers’ leadership, pupils’ discipline, descriptive design, Negros Oriental, Philippines

Portrait of an 88-Year Old Educator: A Legacy for Young Academicians Gloria P. Gempes gempesg@yahoo.com University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Jade 1

The study presents the life history of an 88-year old lady who is still active in the academe as an educator and as a doctoral student. The study explores her persona as a successful academician for 66 years and describes the components that contributed to her longevity as a healthy octogenarian. More than eight decades of existence and still gainfully employed is an exceptional phenomenon in the academe. Hers is a distinct case which necessitates this inquiry. This study utilizes life story narrative through a series of interviews with her, her family and her colleagues. The results of this qualitative study show that her being a successful educator is shaped by her personal life story: happy childhood, inspiring teachers, successful marriage, big family and insightful triumph and tragedy in life. Her being a healthy octogenarian is a consequence of her organic practices, spirituality and happy disposition in life. Her vulnerabilities, strength, faith, aspirations and words of wisdom provide new insights that the matrix of identity of a successful educator and a healthy octogenarian is an interplay of numerous experiences and practices starting from birth to later life. Keywords: Education, life history, octogenarian, marriage, health practices, spirituality, longevity, descriptive qualitative design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Organizational Behavior and Performance Indicators Analysis among College Professors Ma. Concepcion A. Maico iconm888@yahoo.com Southwestern University, Cebu City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Jade 2

Keywords: Social Sciences, organizational behavior, performance indicator analysis, teaching performance, organizational citizenship behavior, workplace spirituality, organizational cynicism, work locus of control, descriptive-correlational design, Cebu City, Philippines

Higaonon Culture and Beliefs: Their Contribution to the Higaonon’s Academic Performance Severo C. Sumortin II severo.sumortin@gmail.com Kalamalamahan Elementary School, Rogongon, Iligan City,Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Jade 2 Higaonons are indigenous people in Barangay Rogongon, a hinterland barangay in Iligan City. They co-exist with Christians and Muslims where electrification and the public elementary and secondary school services have recently reached their community. This study investigated the contribution of Higaonon Culture and Beliefs towards the Higaonon academic performance using a qualitative research design. The respondents were the parents of all the grade 5 and 6 Higaonon pupils in Kalamalamahan Elementary School. A researchermade questionnaire and interview schedule were used and the data were analyzed using percentage and ranking. The results of the study showed that the Higaonon Culture and Belief do not specifically advocate for the formal education of their children in schools. Rather, they prefer them to gain the basics of Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic; afterwards, the children become their workmates in the farm. They give higher preference to food sufficiency than education. The intrusion of the Christians and Muslims and the mass media has taught them to speak other dialects like Cebuano and Tagalog. Only a few can speak meager English. This study found out that the Higaonon Culture and Belief do not provide a significant contribution to the academic performance of the pupils. Keywords: Ethnography, Higaonon Culture and Belief, academic performance, Barangay Rogongon, Iligan City, descriptive design, Iligan City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

The study was conducted in Western Leyte College of Ormoc City, Inc. with 82 college professors from the different colleges as respondents of the study. The variables studied were teaching performance, organizational citizenship behavior, workplace spirituality, organizational cynicism, and work locus of control. The descriptive - correlational design was utilized. Validated and standardized checklists were used. A semi - structured interview guide was also utilized to determine the perceptions of the college professors on the shared organizational culture of the research environment. The Pearson R formula and Analysis of Variance was used. Among the independent variables, only work locus of control yielded a significant association to the performance of the professors, implying that they performed well when they knew that they are in control of their work and professional lives. The organizational citizenship behavior also revealed a significant association with the work locus of control. This means that the dominance and authority of the college professors towards their work and professional lives have an impact on their organizational citizenship behavior. On the qualitative data, thematic content analysis determined two primary themes in the perceived shared organization: difference in values and presence of diversity.

The Implementation of Peace Education in the Feuding Areas of Lanao Zones

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Gaudencio M. Alaya-ay, Jr. gaudenciojr.alayaay@yahoo.com.ph St. Peter’s College, Iligan City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Jade 2

The implementation of peace education is practically a fulfillment of once aspiration in the quest for positive social changes. The educators who are the linkages for such function are the possibilities in the attainment of a favorable place to live in. Hence, they are the most important elements who are tagged as ambassadors of goodwill. If they are excited about promoting peace, then they will use the materials available, apply some teaching strategies, and invite personalities and agencies as advocates of the desired utopian environment. To build relationships and structures that lead to positive change and human well-being are the target goals of this study which is also aimed at determining the extent of implementation of peace education in MunaiMaigo District, Lanao del Norte Division for SY 2012-2013. Specifically, this study answered the questions on the level of implementation of peace education in the aspects of value of non-violence and brotherhood, value of justice and equity, value of human rights and dignity, and value of building of social justice. The results revealed that these values were highly implemented by the educators. Keywords: Social Science, peace education, implementation of peace education,teaching strategy, descriptive design, Iligan City, Philippines

Birds in the Academic Zone of Caraga State University - Ampayon Campus, Butuan City Sherryl L. Paz sherrylpaz@gmail.com Caraga State University, Butuan City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:11 – 2:30 pm Venue: Jade 2

Educational premises are hotspots of urban biodiversity. However, wildlife studies in university campuses of Butuan City are scarce. Hence, a preliminary avifaunal survey was conducted in the academic zone of Caraga State University (CSU)-Butuan City Campus from August 2011 to July 2012 using line transect and point count sampling methods. The study surveyed the species richness, diversity (Shannon-Weiner Index), spatial and temporal distribution of birds in the academic zone. There was a total of 58 bird species detected in the academic zone, of which 12 were Philippine-endemics and one was vulnerable species. The bird diversity was H’ = 3.2. The study revealed that summer months-March and April, had the highest bird species richness and highest number of Philippine-endemics while December had the lowest. Moreover, the study suggested that the academic zone has several habitats inhabited by diverse species composition and bird species richness varied in different seasons and habitat types. The rapidly growing number of student population, unplanned building constructions and random land use alterations within the campus may threaten important birds and the existing threatened endemics. Land use regulation in the campus and constant monitoring should be considered to ensure protection and conservation of its avifauna. Keywords: Biodiversity, bird species richness, line transects, descriptive design, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Impact of Sand and Gravel Quarrying in Aborlan, Palawan Lourdes S. Arcilla drlourdes_cbem@yahoo.com Western Philippines University-Palawan Aborlan, Palawan, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Jade 2 The study was conducted to determine the perceived impact of sand and gravel quarrying in Aborlan, Palawan. Descriptive research design was used using the questionnaire as a main research instrument supplemented with casual conversation and focus group discussion. Data were gathered from 100 indigenous people as research respondents with the assistance of Tagbanua student enumerators. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was found out that most of the respondents are female, married, literate, Tagbanua tribes who earn PhP 5,000 to 10,000 a month from farming with two to 3 dependents. They believed that quarrying destroys the environment, contaminates drinking water and decreases the abundance of wildlife species but improves barangay infrastructure through donations from quarry operators and increases income of the residents near the quarry sites. Impact brought about by quarrying in their areas were noise, air and water pollutions, sickness to man and animals, widened riverbanks and heavy traffic to narrow muddy barangay roads.

The Eco-System Management and Enterprise Development of the Local Public Policy in the Philippines Christopher F. Bueno christopherfbueno@yahoo.com University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Jade 2 The study dealt on environmental and economic governance to showcase its relevance, responsiveness and commitment of the Philippine government to take its share in providing scientific support through the complementation of the local public policy relevant to multidisciplinary research that contributes the country’s positive image as “the Rising Tiger Economy in Asia.”The study utilized the triangulation analysis primarily through e-report of the Local Government Performance Monitoring System on Environmental and Economic Governance in the Philippines. It provides the generated knowledge as applied in the by-product of science research within the inclusion of economic and environmental governance on the Philippine government. The study on local public policy in the implementation of Republic Act No. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991) showed the importance in the Local Government Units (LGU) must respond particularly to economic and environmental governance. This is in support with the scientific complementation along enterprise development, environment, solid waste management, and eco-system development on agriculture, fishery and forestry, as a result of the public policy implementation of the Local Government Units in the Philippines. Keywords: Social Science, development administration, public policy, ecosystem, enterprise development, local governance,descriptive design, Vigan City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Keywords: Environmental Science, quarrying, focus group discussion, descriptive design, Palawan, Philippines

Mega Construction on a Philippine Tourist Island: The Magnitude of Possible Biodiversity Losses

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Rumila C. Bullecer mslling@yahoo.com Bohol Island State University–Bilar Campus, Bohol, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Jade 2 The construction of an international airport across four island villages will commence in 2013 to support the needs of the booming ecotourism of Bohol province. The mega structure would reduce into concrete some 233 hectares of natural habitat and displace its dependent fauna in the impact zones. A biodiversity assessment is one of the requirements in securing the Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC). This study primarily aimed to assess the biodiversity status in the site. Data were gathered through field surveys employing purposive sampling techniques. The global positioning system (GPS) device was used to get the exact location and elevation of the 350 floral plots and faunal sampling stations. Faunal surveys involved mistnetting and light traps. Ecological parameters analyzed included species diversity, dominance and evenness using Shannon-Weiner and Simpson’ index formulas. Overall results yielded a total of 167 and 120 floral and faunal species, respectively. It was concluded that species diversity of both flora and fauna was moderate to high. There is an urgent need of an enrichment tree planting of indigenous trees in the rest of the island to harbor the fauna that would soon be displaced from the “wipeout zone”. Wildlife sanctuaries should be established farthest from the airport noise. Keywords: Ecology, biodiversity, taxonomy, species diversity, qualitative-descriptive study, Bohol Philippines

Diversity of Indigenous Fruit Tree Species in Select Barangays of Echague, Isabela Helen C. Ramos helen13182004@yahoo.com Isabela State University, Echague, Isabela, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Jade 2

Indigenous fruit trees play a vital role in crop diversification and agroforestry system and considered as a source of food and nutrition, and contribute to the income of rural people. However, indigenous fruit trees face deforestation and genetic erosion. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the diversity of indigenous fruit tree species in selected barangays in Echague, Isabela. Study areas were selected based on the presence of target fruit tree species, peace and order situation, and accessibility. The Point-Center Quarter Method (PCQM) was used to determine the sampling areas. Fruit tree species present in the different areas were identified to its species name. Representative plants were collected and brought to the laboratory for identification and preservation. There were 21 fruit tree species identified belonging to the family Annonaceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Anacardiaceae, Ebenaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, and Oxalidaceae. The species common to all the study areas are Annona muricata L., Psidium guajava L., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Citrus maxima (Merr.), Diospyros blancoi A. DC., and Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr. All the species identified occur sparingly in the different study areas. These areas have distinct dominant and important fruit tree species. Species diversity is high as shown by the different diversity parameters. Keywords: Ecology, indigenous fruit trees, dominant species, important species, species richness, species diversity, abundance, density, frequency, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Environmental Literacy, Concern and Disaster Preparedness: An Assessment Rosario Clarabel C. Contreras rccon63@yahoo.com West Visayas State University - Calinog Campus, Iloilo, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Jade 2

Keywords: Environmental Science, environment, literacy, concern, disaster preparedness, assessment, Iloilo, Philippines

Professional and ICT Efficacy Plan of Instructors Based on their Training Needs at the University of Cebu Campuses, Philippines Jonathan Olores Etcuban joetcuban@gmail.com University of Cebu, Cebu City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Jade 2

The integration of science and technology into educational practices has created a new avenue in learning new paradigms in teaching students. The availability of vast information in the Internet and the technological advancement help teachers in the delivery of lessons making it enjoyable. Thus, there is a need for teachers to be competent and knowledgeable of such technology which is being integrated into the school curriculum in many colleges and universities across the country as a result of effective staff development. The study aimed to propose a professional and ICT efficacy plan of instructors based on their training needs at the campuses of the University of Cebu (UC), Cebu City, Philippines. Descriptive type of research through survey was utilized. A researcher-made instrument in determining the training needs of instructors was developed, validated and administered. Spearman rank correlation, percentages, weighted means, and standard deviations were used in the analysis and interpretation of data. Results showed that instructors need trainings in the areas of Algorithms and Data Structures, Communications and Networking, Database Systems, and Web-based Programming. However, further research on its effectiveness should be conducted to confirm the preliminary findings. Keywords: Social Science, technology management, professional and efficacy plan, staff development, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Climate change adversely brings about uncontrollable, unpredictable natural calamities. Municipality of Calinog, strategically located at the center of Panay Island, has its share of environmental hazard nightmares. Thus, it is deemed necessary to assess students’ environmental knowledge, concern and disaster preparedness. Participants were 293 students of West Visayas State University Calinog for AY2012-13. Modified, partly adapted instrument attempted to collect information from respondents. Statistical tools used- Mean; Standard Deviation; t-test; One-Way ANOVA; Pearson’s r. Respondents’ level of environmental literacy and concern are “knowledgeable” and “very concerned” respectively. Level of disaster preparedness was “most often prepared” in all variables except to course. Significant relationships between the environmental literacy and concern, and between environmental literacy and disaster preparedness have been observed. Generally, students are environmentally literate, concerned, prepared during disasters occurrence. Significant variations occur in environmental literacy, concern, and disaster preparedness among respondents categorized according to course while no variations occurred among others. Environmental literacy is associated with environmental concern and disaster preparedness while environmental concern not associated with disaster preparedness. Hence, educational institutions must do their share.

Qualities of Instructors Preferred By Students: A Follow-up Study

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Nelson G. Laru-an wvsu.som@gmail.com West Visayas State University - Lambunao Campus, Iloilo, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Jade 2 This descriptive study was conducted to find out the qualities of instructors preferred by the students at the West Visayas State University-Lambunao Campus, Lambunao, Iloilo (WVSU-LC) considering personality traits, classroom management, instructional skills, methods of evaluation, and student-instructor-relationship. Statistical tools used were the mean, standard deviation and ranking. The findings revealed that the most preferred qualities of instructors by students classified by course were the following: for education students, methods of evaluation, and the least preferred was classroom management; for criminology students, studentinstructor-relationship and the least preferred was personality traits; for hotel and restaurant management students, personality traits, and the least preferred was classroom management; for computer students, was instructional skills, and the least preferred was classroom management; while industrial technology students, student-instructor-relationship and the least preferred was classroom management; and for food tech, instructional skills and the least preferred was the methods of evaluation. Finally, when grouped by year level, the first year to fourth year respondents mostly preferred student-instructor-relationship and for the least preferred qualities, findings showed that first year and third year preferred personality traits, second year preferred methods of evaluation and for fourth year, classroom management. Keywords: Social Science, Qualities, Instructors, Students, descriptive design, Iloilo, Philippines

“Washed Away”: The Discreet Tension between Theories and Application in Teaching Pedrito M. Castillo II pedritoii.castillo@uon.edu.au University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Jade 2

The issue of student teachers’ application of what has been learned at university into classroom instruction is still under investigation. Thus, there is a need to assess the application of teacher preparation courses to practice teaching. The study evaluated the integration of theory and classroom practice during student teachers’ practicum and determined if student teachers’ classroom practice is aligned with their assessment design. Using the Quality Teaching Framework as a lens, 68 elementary and secondary student teachers were observed in the classroom and they each designed an assessment task that was submitted and coded. Results indicated generally low scores on the elements in each of the dimensions of classroom and assessment practice. A key result of the investigation was the consistent significant relationships within the dimensions of classroom and assessment practice. The result indicated that there is a misalignment of instruction and pedagogic assessment. Keywords: Social Science, teacher education preparation, classroom teaching, assessment tasks, student teachers, classroom observation, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Itawis Indigenous Foods: Their Health and Socio- Cultural Meaning Hilda A. Manzolim hildamanzolim08@gmail.com Isabela State University - Echague Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Jade 3

Keywords: Social Science, indigenous foods, descriptive design, Isabela, Philippines

Digital Student Handbook of the University of the Immaculate Conception for Android Exander T. Barrios exander_barrios@yahoo.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Jade 3 The popularity of android cellular phone has challenged many researchers to explore its wide range of applicability. Thus, the primary purpose of the study was to develop a tool that will take advantage of the many students of the University of the Immaculate Conception (UIC) who bring their cellular phones or tablets with them on a daily basis, and prefer that the student handbook be installed on their gadgets rather than be made available as a hard copy. Thus, a digital student handbook software was created for Android devices. This was developed following a Rapid Action Development (RAD) method which is a proven and tested software process model. The analysis phase of the chosen process model involved the identification of ways in which the contents of the student handbook are presented in a more readable way, which included convenient content-searching mechanisms compared to a portable document format (PDF) file. Designs were made to follow the results of the analysis. After developing the tool, a series of testing was done, and an assessment was made which proved that it helped provide guidance for the students’ formation and encouraged them to read, understand, and appreciate the contents of the handbook, as well as adapt to the culture of the university. Keywords: Information Technology, digital student handbook, Rapid Action Development, Android, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

The Itawis is one of the indigenous groups from Isabela, Philippines, along with the Ybanags, Yogads, and Gaddangs. In Cagayan Valley, two groups of Itawis are found: one is from the Province of Cagayan and the other from Echague, Isabela. This study was conducted to document the indigenous foods which are starting to vanish due to the modern way of living and the associated meanings and beliefs attached to them. Being aware of their indigenous foods will help preserve and create a link or bridge the gap between the Itawis’ past generations to the present. The study used the descriptive research method. Triangulation was utilized using direct participatory approach, in depth interview and a focus group discussion. The foods were documented and the health and sociocultural meanings and beliefs attached to these foods were explained by the elders. Frequency and percentage were used. The findings showed that their favorite exotic foods are the following: fried “duron”, ‘simmawa”, “utoy” and “talagang”; their dessert, “bahat”, “mangga”, “dendelut”, “pinatarak” and “dinuntuan”.The Itawes’ social life and physical health is closely associated with their foods. Some of their indigenous foods and practices are consistently confronted with the influence of modernization and development which are seriously endangering their traditional cultures.

Case Studies of Corruption in the Government: A Philosophical Analysis

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Gherold Cortes Benitez gherold128@yahoo.com Tarlac State University, Tarlac City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Jade 3

This paper is believed to be atypical as it treated the topic of corruption through an examination of the Filipino worldview/behavior. The task was to show corruption and its relation to Filipino practices as seen in eight case studies of corruption in the Philippine government. To combat corruption’s evil effects requires a diagnosis of corruption itself. Correct diagnosis is already half the cure. This exploration was generally descriptive and qualitative; given that it is philosophical. Since corruption usually leaves no document trail, information had been successfully retrieved from non-participant observation and interactive interview. The researcher’s respondents were primarily local government and national agency employees who have not only directly experienced/observed corrupt practices in government institutions, more so, people who were engaged in corruption. Seemingly, it was because of the erroneous capitulation to Filipino Philosophy (as shown in their behavior and language) which causes Filipinos to engage in corruption. The behavioral factors that contributed to corruption practices were: hiya, pakikisama, kamag-anak incorporated, koneksiyon, anak ng diyos arrangement, kapit scheme, kumpadre system, utang na loob, awa, and bahala na attitude. Keywords: Social Science, corruption, government, analysis, descriptive design, Tarlac City, Philippines

Floral Phenology of Bee Pasture Plants in Northwestern Cagayan (Phase 1) Shella B. Cacatian allehsbc@yahoo.com Cagayan State University, Tuguegarao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Jade 3

Sufficient knowledge of floral phenology is the prerequisite to start bee keeping. In August 2010 to July 2011, a study was conducted in Northwestern Cagayan to find out the existing bee flora and develop a floral calendar in relation to pollen and nectar availability. The study used descriptive research with questionnaire as the main instrument. Analysis of data included frequency count. Based on ocular observations and survey, 55 plant species were identified as tree, palm, shrub, herb, and weeds, were highly abundant sources for honey and pollen. Sixteen flowering plants were ascertained as extremely important as these blossom continually. March to May was identified as honey flow periods having the most number of blooming plants like Artocarpus ovatus, Premna odorata, Antidesma bunius, Dipterocarp spp.,Gliricidia sepium, Coffea sp., Diospyros philippinensis, Pterocarpus spp., Vitex parviflora, Melanolepis multiglandolosa and Ficus variegata. July to September was distinguished as dearth period as Semaena saman, Terminalia microcarpa, and Portulaca oleracea are the only ones blooming during these months, except those that bloom recurrently. Northwestern Cagayan is suitable to initiate bee farming. However, climatic factors restrict the phenological period of most species. Plant attributes and taxonomic membership are strongly related to flowering phenodynamics in the floras studied. Keywords: Ecology and conservation, floral phenology, bee flora, honey flow, dearth period, descriptivesurvey research, Tuguegarao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Leaf Litter Fall and Decomposition of Sonneratia sp. in the Reforested and Natural Magrove Stand in Lapinigan, Cadunan, Mabini, Compostela Valley Province Earma G. Padilla earmag.padilla@yahoo.com University of Southeastern Philippines, Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Jade 3

Keywords: Ecology, leaf litter fall and decomposition, comparative, descriptive design, Compostela Valley Province, Philippines

Good Aquaculture Practices at Resources Production Technology, Incorporated: Basis for Extension Services Development Roger Ray S. Manzano rogerray_manzano@yahoo.com Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:51 – 3:10 pm Venue: Jade 3 The study surveyed on the employees of Resources Production Technology (REPROTECH), Incorporated in Campuyo, Manjuyod, Oriental Negros, Philippines to determine if it meets the production of safe and quality milkfish products in its quest for globalization. The questionnaire, a five-point Likert Scale, based on principles and guidelines in Fisheries Administrative Order 214 s. 2001 (the Code of Practice for Aquaculture) and on certification guidelines for Best Aquaculture Practices was used to find out the company’s level of Good Aquaculture Practices implementation in fish cages and fishponds as preliminaries of certification. The results of the study showed that the assessed areas in the fish cages rated obtained the grand mean based on tabled range values and interpretations were 4.12 or highly satisfactory and the assessed areas in fishponds rated were 4.06 or highly satisfactory. In both fish cages and fishponds, the REPROTECH’s overall good aquaculture practices performance was highly satisfactory, much better than its moderately satisfactory performance obtained before this study. The study recommended that Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures be developed as another step of the company to conform to Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point and to satisfy the company’s quest for accreditation of its milkfish production. Keywords: Aquaculture, aquaculture practices, safe and quality milkfish products, level of compliance, descriptive design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

The comparative study determined the primary productivity of Sonneratia sp. (pagatpat) by leaf litter fall production and decomposition rate by microbial activity and macrofaunal leaf removal in the reforested and natural mangrove stand in Lapinigan, Cadunan, Mabini, Compostela Valley Province, Philippines. Leaf litter fall was collected using litter traps; microbial decomposition was determined using litter bags and macrofaunal leaf removal by leaf tethering. It also used ANOVA and regression. Results revealed that leaf litter fall production in reforested and younger mangrove stand was higher than a natural stand. Rate of microbial decomposition was faster in the back zone. Leaf litter removal by macrofauna was faster in the back zone and in the natural mangrove stand. Total biomass loss by macrofaunal removal is faster than microbial decomposition indicating macrofauna’s role in energy transfer and leaf litter dynamics. Thus, the primary productivity of Sonneratia sp. in Lapinigan in terms of leaf litter fall and decomposition rate is influenced by the structure of the mangrove vegetation and inundation frequency. It is recommended that implementation of a sustainable conservation and reforestation projects in the area be strengthened and that local community involvement be accelerated.

Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Water Column of Iloilo-Guimaras Jetty Port (Parola Wharf)

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Brian Gil S. Sarinas bg_sarinas@yahoo.com John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime UniversityArevalo, Iloilo City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Jade 3 Jetty port (Parola wharf) in Iloilo City is a depot of passengers going to Guimaras, Philippines. Since there is no existing study on the presence of heavy metals in this area, this study was conducted. It determined the presence and quantities of total heavy metals specifically lead, cadmium and chromium in the water column (surface, middle and bottom) of Iloilo-Guimaras jetty port. In addition, water physicochemical parameters were also measured such as pH, salinity and temperature, in situ. Three sampling areas were identified in the Jetty port. One liter was collected in the surface, middle and bottom layer of each sampling area for a total of nine seawater samples. The seawater samples were immediately transported to the CAS-Analytical Service Laboratory of UPV, Miag-ao, Iloilo for the quantification of dissolved heavy metals through flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric (FAAS) method. The results showed that mean of total Cr > total Pb> total Cd < total Cr in the water column of the three sampling areas, however are not significant, p>.05. Total cadmium, total chromium and total lead exceed the permissive value. This study gives information to the public of the present heavy metal status of the Jetty port. Keywords: Marine Biology, heavy metals, cadmium, lead, chromium, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, descriptive design, Iloilo City, Philippines

Avifaunal Diversity in a Key Mining Site: The Case of Kinayao, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat Lothy F. Casim lothyfcasim@gmail.com University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Jade 3

Mining can have substantial and far-reaching impacts on biodiversity. However, only few studies in the Philippines on avifaunal diversity in mining areas have been conducted, particularly in Mindanao. Hence, this study served as baseline information on the species richness, distribution and conservation status of birds in selected small scale gold mining site in Kinayao Village, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat. A combination of mist netting and transect walk methods were used in this study. A total of 489 individuals belonging to 29 families, 48 genera, and 55 species were recorded. Based on the IUCN redlist, sixteen are Philippine endemic, two are near-endemic, four are migrants, and 35 are resident species. Four species considered to be of conservation concern were listed, the endangered species Penelopides panini, near-threatened Stachyris plateni and Buceros hydrocorax, and the vulnerable Padda oryzivora. Avifaunal diversity was described using descriptive statistics. Computed values of diversity indices (H’=3.3043, D= 0.0756 and E= 0.8138) showed that the area harbors high avifaunal diversity. Results suggested that habitats in the sampling area need to be protected and conserved. Impact avoidance, mitigation of mining, and appropriate rehabilitation of mined sites should be done to enable the retention, if not, increase, avifaunal diversity in the area. Keywords: Ornithology, avifaunal diversity, conservation and distribution status, mist netting, transect walk, Kinayao, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Fear of Laying Hens during Rearing as Predictor for Feather Pecking during the Laying Period Lourdes V. Icalla icalladess@yahoo.com.ph Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Jade 3

Keywords: Agriculture, hens, maladaptive behavior, fear, bucket test, tonic immobility (TI), experimental design, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines

Hypertext vs. Print Text Reading: A Survey on Text Preference of Readers across Age Levels Brendalyn A. Manzano brendalyn.manzano@yahoo.com Tarlac State University,Tarlac City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:51 – 3:10 pm Venue: Jade 3

The emergence of computer was assumed to affect the reading preference of readers across age levels. Hypertext reading requires readers to read via computer, while print text reading involves readers to decode in prints. Hence, this research examined the reading text preference of children, teens, young adults, and adults. Specifically, it determined the readers’ text preference, qualitative reading differences, practices, reactions, and problems; and its pedagogical and research implications. The descriptive-survey research design was used, with questionnaire administered to 40 respondents. Data were analyzed using frequency counts and percentage. It was found out that readers across age levels preferred to read print text over hypertext. The readers’ practices were caused by their distinctive reading strategy, and their reactions were due to their exposure, knowledge, and skill in reading each type of text. Likewise, the problems they encountered in reading each type of text were strong determinants of their comfort and/or discomfort in reading. Conclusively, age was revealed not an indicator of preference but a variable of reading convention. Lastly, influences of reading text environment should be pedagogically considered and empirically investigated further. Keywords: Language and Communication, reading, reading style, hypertext reading, print text reading, text preference, reading text environment, descriptive-survey design, Tarlac City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Feather pecking is a “maladaptive behavior” posing economic and welfare problems to the egg industry. One factor predisposing to this behavior is on bird’s fearfulness, which can be attributed to the genetic origin and might develop during the early life. Assessing fear at this period can be of help to determine the bird’s propensity to develop feather pecking during the laying period. This experiment was done with the aim of answering the question if fear during the early rearing period can cause feather damage at laying period. Birds were subjected to two fear tests: 1) bucket test and 2) tonic immobility test. At one and five weeks of age, birds were subjected to the test. Number of vocalizations, duration of tonic immobility and number of inductions were used as indicators of fearfulness. Feather damage was assessed at 40 weeks of age using a three point scale of zero, one and two and correlated with the indicators used. Fearful birds tend to feather peck; however, results revealed that strain differences in fearfulness exist and may differ in their reaction to fear test due to improvement and selection. Farmers could take into account these strain differences by adjusting their management practices to minimize fear.

Level of the Vocabulary Skills of the AB English Students of Isabela State University

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Hilda A. Manzolim hildamanzolim08@gmail.com Isabela State University - Echague Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Jade 3 In the Philippines, English is considered the Lingua Franca; hence, students must learn to love and to master it. Mastering the language however necessitates the mastery of the four basic language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Aside from this, enhancing one’s vocabulary is also important in the mastery of the language. This study determined the factors that affect the vocabulary skills and the level of the vocabulary skills of the respondents. Descriptive survey method was utilized in this study. The data were collected using a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire and an English vocabulary skills test. Frequency counts and percentage were used to describe the respondents’ profile. Weighted mean and Chi-square were also used. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between the respondents’ age, year level and the level of their vocabulary skills. Study habits and reading habits, were perceived as factors that “Often” affect the level of the respondents’ vocabulary skills. Environmental factors were perceived as “Sometimes” affecting the level of the respondents’ vocabulary skills. Moreover, the study habits were significantly related with the level of vocabulary skills of the respondents. The level of the vocabulary skills of the respondents is “Satisfactory”;hence,the respondents need improvement in their academic standing. Keywords: Language,vocabulary, descriptive design, Isabela, Philippines

The Analysis of Two Teaching Programs: Massed and Distributed Louida P. Patac plouida@yahoo.com Surigao State College of Technology, Surigao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 5:11 – 5:30 pm Venue: Jade 3

The study examined the consequence of two differently structured programs, massed teaching and distributed teaching, for equipping the performance of the students in learning mathematics, specifically in some topics in Algebra. The study made a teacher-made pretest and posttest. Two sections were accounted, section A (35) students were exposed to a long- term session which is the massed teaching program and section B (41) students were exposed to a short interval break session which is the distributed teaching program. Both sections received the same teaching strategies. This study utilized a quasi- experimental design. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were computed using excel software for measures of central tendency, dispersion, frequency tables and charts. The ANCOVA in SPSS software was used for inferential statistics to test the significant difference of massed and distributed teaching program as to the mathematics achievement of the students with different mathematical ability as above average, average, and below average. Using the scatter plot, it was viewed that distributed teaching program is effective and beneficial for students below average. Also, the massed teaching program is efficient for average and above average students. Keywords: Mathematics Education, massed teaching, distributed teaching, teaching programs, mathematics achievement, students’ performance, Quasi-experimental design, Surigao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Quo Vadis Graduates? A Tracer Study of the University of Mindanao Academic and Non-Academic Scholars Pedrito M. Castillo II pedritoii.castillo@uon.edu.au University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Mindanao

Keywords: Education, graduate employment, tracer study, academic scholars, non-academic scholars, Davao City, Philippines

Preservation of Indigenous Culture of Bataan through an Ayta Magbukon School of Living Tradition (SLT) Program Neil D. David neildavi22@gmail.com Bataan Peninsula State University,Balanga, Bataan, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Mindanao The UNESCO declared that there are two approaches to preserve cultural heritage: one is to record it in tangible form and conserve it in an archive; the other is to preserve it in a living form by ensuring its transmission to the next generations. The establishment of SLT’s is in response to the second approach. This undertaking focuses on the transmission of indigenous knowledge to the young. It aims to encourage culture specialists to continue with their own work and train younger people to take place in the future. The establishment of SLT’s is also anchored on the mandate of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the thrust of Bataan Peninsula State University (BPSU) to be the leading agency in the preservation of culture and tradition of the province. In order to preserve the Ayta Magbukon indigenous culture, the oral literature, traditional skills that included traditional dance, songs, chanting, traditional cooking and traditional medicines were documented using ethnographic approach as the method of collecting data and information. Before the presentation of the collected data to the Ayta Magbukon students oft SLT, these were presented over again to the cultural masters for validation using the triangulation approach. Keyword: Social Science, culture preservation, living traditions, ethnography, descriptive design, Bataan, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

The use of a graduate destination survey is an appropriate tool for determining higher education institution’s quality and capability in preparing graduates to meet the demands of the workplace. However, there is a dearth of research information about the employment of graduates particularly academic and non-academic scholars who are receiving a significant portion of the university’s budget. The investigation aimed to create an empirical portrait that describes employment and employment aspects of 134 academic and non-academic scholar graduates of the University of Mindanao from school year 2002-2008. Utilizing descriptive method and statistics (Frequency and Percentage) through the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Graduate Tracer Study instrument, the investigation reported a significant number of the academic scholars were employed compared with the non-academic scholars. The present employment status of those who are working revealed that majority of the non-academic scholars have casual, contractual and self-employed status while very few for academic scholars. After graduation, majority of the non-academic scholars attended trainings that are not related to their undergraduate degrees compared with the minimal number of academic scholars. The findings of the study led to a reasonable conclusion that academic scholars were more likely to have a better job than non-academic scholars. The implications of the preceding results require higher education institutions to assess and evaluate the selection and recruitment, and the different curricular offerings to make academic and most especially non-academic scholars employable.

A Customized Open Journal System for the University of the Immaculate Conception

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Eric John G. Emberda eemberda@uic.edu.ph University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Mindanao With the continuous improvement of its research capabilities, the University of the Immaculate Conception (UIC) is taking a step higher in the advancement of its tools for research, specifically the implementation of the Open Journal System (OJS). This system allows UIC to have its research journals published online, indexed, and complied with the international standards. Although OJS is a free and open source tool that is readily implementable, it still needed customization to match the university’s LW3 system to ensure the consistency of user records and avoid redundancy of data between the two systems. This action research was undertaken to custom-fit OJS for UIC for proper implementation. It followed the Rational Unified Process (RUP) in the customization process which is a proven process model created by IBM. Its stages involved Inception, Elaboration, Construction, and Transition. In the elaboration stage, an analysis of the structure of OJS was made where classes in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture of OJS were identified to have the need for modifications. This was developed in the construction stage and a series of testing was done in the transition stage. Despite the difficulties encountered in matching LW3 and OJS, it was still successfully integrated in the system. Keywords: Information Technology, Open Journal System (OJS), rational unified process, online research journal, indexing, Davao City,University of the Immaculate Conception, Philippines

Fattening Two Commercially Important Portunid Crabs in Close-recirculating Wooden Aquaria Imee R. Perante imeerperante@yahoo.com Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:11 – 2:30 pm Venue: Mindanao

Portunid crabs represent a valuable component of small-scale coastal fisheries in many countries. Crab culture gained importance due to great demand of live crabs in the local and export markets. Portunid crabs are good candidate species for aquaculture and crab fattening is ideally an excellent alternative culture technique to increase quality of crabs and its economics. However, an urgent need to explore better crab fattening technique is the need of the hour. The development of recirculating aquaculture system in controlled situation is a good alternative to pond or to cage culture system. In the two-treatment threereplication experiment laid out in complete randomized design, two commercially important Portunid crabs were fattened for 20 days in water recirculating system wooden aquaria. The growth and survival of Portunus pelagicus and Chrabydis ferriata yielded an almost similar growth. The 68.3% survival rate attained in this study indicates that RAS is a good alternative aquaculture system compared to the 37.67% and 45.75% SR in pond culture previously reported. The low survival rate of the cultured Portunid crabs in the culture environment was brought largely by Molt Death Syndrome (MDS), Incomplete Molt Syndrome, and cannibalism - thus death syndrome will be the next steps of the study. Keywords: Aquaculture, growth and survival, crab fattening, portunid crabs, recirculating aquaculture system, wooden aquaria, Negros Occidental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Development of Cave Bat Vulnerability Index in the Philippines: Pilot Testing in Bohol Reizl P. Jose gzl_4@yahoo.com Bohol Island State University - Bilar Campus, Bohol, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Mindanao

Keywords: Environmental Management, conservation, descriptive design, Bohol, Philippines

Sweetpotato Production in Bagac, Bataan through S&T Interventions Hermogenes M. Paguia boyetpaguia@yahoo.com Bataan Peninsula State University, Balanga, Bataan, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:51 – 3:10 pm Venue: Mindanao Sweetpotato is an important traditional cash crop of many farmers. While it is perceived by many as a lowly crop, sweetpotato is benefiting a lot of farmers in the Province of Bataan, specifically in the municipality of Bagac and Balanga. The S&T-based farm on Sweet potato was conducted to showcase the effectiveness of science-based technologies on sweetpotato production and development. Selection of the farmer scientist was done through validation of the progressive sweet potato growers in the municipality. The 2nd and 3rd cycles showed significant results in-terms of yield and quality of tubers produced using the CPM produced from the net house. The partial budget analysis showed a net gains of P10.000, 22,225.00 and 42,725.00 from cycles 2 and 3. The third cycle showed that the technology could truly increased yield. In fact, the MS is now into his own deviation of using CPM, meaning he is using it in time where the expected price could be higher than the prevailing market price to be able to optimize his potential income. Truly, there is a positive effect on using sweetpotato clean planting materials. The good farming practice is needed for best results, just like on how the MS has been maximizing his profits through offseason production and trading. Thus,a continues training especially the 60 farmer adopters are being undertaken. To widely disseminate the technology, CPM is used as component crop by farmer cooperators under the project titled,“Enhancing productivity of marginal upland farmers for climate change adaptation in Bagac, Bataan. “ Keywords: CPM, sweet potato, STBF, organic fertilizers, magsasakas Siyentista,

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

The study developed a Bat Cave Vulnerability Index (BCVI) in the Philippines: pilot testing in Bohol through assessment of biological (Pb) and geophysical potential (Pg) of caves. The biological potentials were based on population size, endemicity, species rarity, and species richness while geophysical potentials include the cave accessibility, cave openings, effort of exploration, tourism potential and site disturbance. Cave and bat surveys were conducted and cave vulnerability was determined using the index. Of the nine caves, the alpha-numeric BCVI revealed that Batungay Cave should be prioritized the most for conservation with level 2 for Pb and status A for Pg. The cave has high species richness and found to be one of the largest in terms of bat populations with some rare species occurrence. The cave is a tourist destination; hence, it is very prone to disturbance. However, other caves are still considered vulnerable because of less number of species, low population and other disturbances. This study serves as baseline information for conservation of bat population in Bohol. However, this should not limit to the province but should be tested in all caves in other parts of the Philippines since it is very helpful and useful for monitoring and conservation.

Aviation Noise Intensities: Their Effects on the Inhabitants near Francisco Bangoy International Airport

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Aylmer Ronnel L. Sombilla frettygrooves@yahoo.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Mindanao Recognizing the need to assess the impact of noise pollution in vulnerable locations such as the subdivisions in close proximity to the airport, the researcher conducted a survey to characterize how aircraft noise affects the everyday lives of the residents within the perimeter of Francisco Bangoy International Airport of Davao City. Specifically, the investigation determined the levels of aviation noise intensities in dB (A) in four subdivisions surrounding the airport. Moreover, the degrees of effect as regards disturbance of resting time, health, communication, mood, and need for noise abatement of the residents in the places were also measured. The digital sound level meter was used to measure the aviation noise intensities while a validated researcher-made questionnaire was utilized to collect data to characterize many aspects of aviation noise effects. Four hundred respondents were randomly chosen from the identified subdivisions. Chi-Square test was used to establish the degree of association between aviation noise level and its effect. Findings revealed that the noise levels are within 40-60 dB (A) for relatively distant places and 90-110 dB (A) in areas very near the airport. Many aspects of aviation noise have affected the lives of the inhabitants. There was a significant association between the level of aviation noise and the extent of its effect. Keywords: Social Science, environmental engineering, aviation noise, inhabitants, noise effects, descriptivesurvey, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Profitability of Fattening Mudcrab in Recycled Plastic Bottles Vivian D. Gayosa Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:01 – 4:20 pm Venue: Mindanao

Keywords: Aquaculture, small-scale aquaculture, mudcrab fattening, alternative culture techniques, coastal Philippines, experimental design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Philosophy of Education Preference as a Predictor of Conflict Management Competence of Public Elementary School Heads in the Component Cities of Region XI, Philippines Eugenio S. Guhao, Jr. esguhao@yahoo.com University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:31 – 4:50 pm Venue: Mindanao

The schools executives’ competence in conflict management has been a focus of inquiry as a function of philosophy of education. The objectives of the study were to determine the following: whether philosophy of education preference of school heads of the component cities of Region XI is significantly related to their conflict management competence; whether philosophy of education significantly influences the conflict management competence of school heads; and whether the five basic philosophies significantly predict conflict management competence of school heads. Using product- Moment Correlation, Simple Linear Regression and Multiple Linear Regression, results revealed that philosophy of education was significantly related and influenced conflict management competence of school heads. Similarly, philosophies of Idealism, Realism, and Existentialism significantly predicted Conflict Management Competence of school heads. Furthermore, school heads used existentialism as their most preferred philosophy of education in managing schools and their conflict resolution style was collaboration. Based on the conclusion of the study, it is hereby recommended that the Department of Education should broaden the school heads’ foundational knowledge on the philosophy of education through a series of seminar- workshops as part of the development program for the administrators. Keywords: Education, philosophy of education, conflict management, descriptive-inferential design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Mudcrabs (Scylla spp.) is a commercially important culture species in coastal areas of Southeast Asian countries and its farming is a viable venture for marginal farmers in the Philippines. Mudcrab aquaculture has been proved profitable. Mudcrab fattening practices, however, are limited to ponds, pens, hatcheries and floating bamboo cages. These farming practices entail huge spaces and big investments yet it offered minimal returns-on-investments. In a three-replication experiment laid out in Complete Randomized Design, 1.5 L soft drinks plastic bottles were utilized as rearing materials in fattening mudcrabs. A typical brackishwater area near the mangrove community in Enclaro River, Binalbagan, Negros Occidental was selected for the study. The site was protected from typhoon and accessible to source of trashfish. The project demonstrated that a low-cost eco-friendly project in rearing mudcrabs is profitable as indicated by a very promising average SGR-W (g/day) of 0.80, survival rate of 97% and ROI of 46%. Aside from low input and eco-friendly appeal, the project is very simple for the members of the fishing households to construct and manage. Series of verifications through community participatory action research and the eventual production of IEC materials for Extension activities are the next steps of the study.

Siquijodnon-English Code-Mixing

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Renalyn B. Bantawig renalynbantawig@yahoo.com Siquijor State College, Larena, Siquijor, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Mindanao This study analyzed the phenomenal occurrence of Siquijodnon- English code mixing. Using descriptive research methodology and adapting the linguistic and sociolinguistic theories: Matrix Language Model, Universal Grammar, Congruent Lexicalization Theory, Metaphorical Code Switching, Accommodation Theory, and Model of Language Functions, the study broadly examined the morphological features code-mixed in Siquijonon–English; the reasons why Siquijodnons code mix to English according to language functions; the social context/setting code mixing usually occured; and the socio-linguistic theory that was generated based on the findings of the study. The respondents included parents, waiters or waitresses and/or receptionists, teachers, HRMOs, and dealers in Siquijor Province who were selected based on the five language domains. The results revealed that the free morphemes (content words, function words and substitute words) are code mixed through intra-sentential code mixing and/or insertion. They take the form of single English words or acronyms surrounded by Siquijodnon and/or few English constituents and carry with them their singular and/or plural meaning in English. The code-mixed inflectional bound morphemes mark tense and voice while derivational bound morphemes signify form class-marking morphemes through affixation and intra-sentential code mixing and/or insertion. This paper found out that code mixing is used as double-edged tool to effect personal, social and transactional functions which likely occur in school where bilingual and/or multilingual speakers are evident. These results justify the generation of Code-Mixed Language Assimilator-Converger Theory. Keywords: language and Communication, code-mixing, phenomenal occurrence, Siquijodnon, descriptive design, Siquijor, Philippines

Writing Proficiency Program of Freshmen Students in Bohol Island State University Clarin, Bohol Ramil S. Bulilan ramsegbul123@yahoo.com Bohol Island State University, Clarin, Bohol, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Mindanao

Learning to write well is keeping a balanced diet. Toward this end, it sampled 250 freshmen students in Bohol Island State University, Clarin, Bohol, to determine their writing proficiency in identifying and revising sentences with structural slips, basis for a proposed Writing Proficiency Program. Descriptive-correlational survey method, with interview and observation techniques, was used. As instrument, questionnaire with1- hour item test revealed their profile and writing drawbacks. Manifested much difficulty was in identifying wordy sentences (91.50%) and stringy (98.42%) in transformation. Although the students were proficient (2.68) in identification, they were poor (3.28) in transformation. Chi-square contingency test showed significant result where the computed t-value (2.892) was greater than the tabular value (1.98). This implies that the hardest the sentence errors to identify, the hardest for them also to transform. Consequently, a designed 11-session Writing Proficiency Program is in order. This will address not only to this institution but throughout the other five campuses of BISU System. When approved by the Board of Regents, this becomes a graduation requirement for all students. Passers will receive Certificate of Merits. For its sustainability, such program shall be managed by competent language professors and competent heads of offices who would be de-loaded and afforded honoraria. Keywords: Language, sentence structural slips, survey and test, BISU Clarin, descriptive-correlational, Bohol, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Economic and Livelihood Benchmarking: Basis for Community Program Intervention Doreen A. Rosello doreen_rosello@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte,Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Palawan

Keywords: Economics, livelihood, benchmarking, sustainability, descriptive design, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Maintenance, Improvement, and Supervision of Parks and Playgrounds in Davao City: An Evaluative Study Ariel E. San Jose arielsanjose@yahoo.com University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Palawan

This Academe-Government Partnership research between the city government of Davao and the University of Mindanao aimed to evaluate the span of implementation of CENRO’s Parks and Playgrounds Division’s objectives. Considering the descriptive method, the researcher utilized the researcher made questionnaire, Park Maintenance Standard (2000), and interview. Results revealed that the first group of respondents perceived that maintenance, improvement, and supervision of the five parks and playgrounds under study are fairly evident. Likewise, the Park Maintenance Standard System (2000) findings showed that the People’s Park has the most number of complied areas while others are not compliant in either one or more of the 11 areas stipulated. However, only trash receptacle is complied by all parks and playgrounds. Result of the second group of respondents revealed that turf care is generally good; fertilization is done using organic fertilizers; and watering of plants is made using the manual hose and litter control is excellently maintained. However, park lightings and repairs are poorly observed and flowering plants are not planted. Additionally, only Osmeña and People’s parks have usable toilets. The results of the study implied that CENRO is not fully successful in performing its mandate. Keywords: Engineering, improvement supervision, parks and playgrounds, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

To develop relevant and responsive program interventions that address various community and social problems has always been the aim of any extension activities. This descriptive-survey research was conducted to determine and assess the socio-economic and livelihood profile of the residents of Brgy. Maanyag, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte, Philippines. Triangulation method which includes observation, intensive interview, and FGD were employed to gather the needed data. Checklist and questionnaires were also used to solicit the real picture of the economic situation of the residents in the community. Descriptive analysis of data using the frequency and percentages revealed that most residents were unemployed, and relied mainly on cultivating a privately owned agricultural land for income which, if categorized, is at below poverty. It was also found out that budget of food goes mainly to rice consumption. Moreover, data revealed that being a housewife constitutes a number of women. These experiences raised the residents’ need to be trained on some livelihood skills especially on the utilization of the common ingredients found in the locality in order to produce native delicacies for economic sustainability. Thus, it is recommended that skills training should be implemented which will improve access to sustainable non-farm livelihoods to address poverty.

Children’s Understanding of TV Advertising Intent: Exploring Its Link with Parental Mediation Mary Gretchen F. Chaves marygretchenfchaves@yahoo.com.ph University of the Philippines - Cebu, Cebu City, Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Palawan

This study investigated the relationship between parental mediation over their children’s exposure to television advertising and their children’s understanding of the purpose and persuasive intent of TV advertising. The study hypothesized that parental mediation is correlated with the children’s understanding of the purpose and intent of TV advertising. A dyad of 250 parents and children (aged 7 to 12) were interviewed in January 2011 among urban middle income households in Cebu City, Philippines. The results indicated that parents performed more “active mediation” than “restrictive mediation” over their children’s exposure to TV advertising. Forty eight percent of the children reported to understand the purpose of TV advertising. Without aid, the children answered that the purpose of TV advertising was to inform, to persuade, to sell, or a combination of such. The hypothesis test yields a significant albeit weak negative relationship between the parents’ restrictive mediation strategies over their children’s TV viewing and their children’s understanding of TV advertising and TV advertising’s persuasive intent. Implications to policy makers, consumer and children’s advocates, marketers, advertisers and parents are discussed. Keywords: Media Study, TV advertisements, parental mediation, children’s understanding of TV advertising, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

Effects of Different Types of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Materials on the Physical and Rheological Characteristics of Set Yoghurts Pet Anthony L. Pascual anthonpascual@yahoo.com Leyte Normal University, Tacloban City, Philippines

Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Palawan

The study on the potential applications of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) materials as an ingredient in processed foods has become of great interest in the dairy industry today due to the functional and bioactive properties it possess. This research investigates the effects of supplementing MFGM materials from different sources, as bioactive components in yoghurt on its various physical and rheological properties such as the water holding capacity, color, flow behavior, and thixotropy. Two major experiments were conducted, the first experiment determined the chemical composition of the different MFGM materials while tests on the physical and rheological characteristics of yoghurt as influenced by the different types of MFGM materials were carried out in the second. Results revealed that different MFGM materials differ significantly in terms of their protein, fat, ash, lactose and polar lipid contents. The enrichment with different MFGM materials significantly affected both physical and rheological properties of yoghurt. Yoghurts enriched with different MFGM materials showed shear thinning and thixotropic behaviors, and increased in water holding capacity. Results from the study suggest further investigation on the effects of MFGM materials on various properties of yoghurt such as its oxidative stability and gel formation at longer storage time. Keywords: Dairy science, Milk fat globule membrane materials, yoghurt, proximate analysis, rheological properties, environmental design, Tacloban City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Growth Performance of Goat (Capra hircus) Fed with Freshly-Grated Coconut Meat and Rice Bran Nemesio H. Davalos nhdava@yahoo.com Mindoro State College of Agriculture & Technology, Victoria, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Palawan

Keywords: Agriculture, freshly-grated coconut meat, rice bran, roughage, sustainable, experimental design, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines

Multiple Shoot Induction of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalisvar. UC-157) Through Nodal Stem Culture Technique Pet Roey L. Pascual petroey262301@yahoo.com Cebu Technological University– Barili Campus Barili, Cebu, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Palawan

Multiple shoot induction is a powerful tool for mass propagation of promising clones and is essential to asparagus due to its dioecious nature. Along this line an experimental research was conducted to determine the most effective plant growth regulators (PGRs) that would induce multiple shoot formation from asparagus nodal stem explants using agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. Four combinations of kinetin or benzylamino purine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), served as treatments with hormone-free medium as control. Treatment means were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Only medium supplemented with PGRs initiated shoots. Among the treatments, the medium containing 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 0.1 mg/L NAA, or 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA significantly induced the highest percentage (100%) shoots from cultured explants after 15.27 and 22.97 days, respectively. The same PGR combinations produced an average of 3-4 shoots per explants after eight weeks of culture. The medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 0.1 mg/L NAA produced longer shoots (4.64 cm) of which 10% produced roots. This PGR combination is recommended since it produced the best shoot attributes and likewise shortens the duration of in vitro culture. Keywords: Botany, plant tissue culture, multiple shoot induction, experimental design, Cebu City, Philippines * Best Abstract Awardee for Science

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Feeding different levels of freshly-grated coconut meat and rice bran in combination with Napier grass equaled the growth performance of goats fed with very good roughage. Twenty-seven doeling goats were fed with 0%, 10% and 15% levels of freshly-grated coconut meat in the rations in combination with 0%,10%,15% rice bran plus roughage. The treatments were arranged and analyzed following the Two-Factor factorial experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications to assess the usefulness of the two feedstuffs during the dry period of the year where less roughage is available. Results revealed that total gain in weight, total dry matter intake as percentage of body weight and feed conversion ratio of the goats were not affected significantly by the levels of concentrates given. Significant differences however, were observed in the intake of freshly grated coconut meat and rice bran and total dry matter intake in as fed basis. The performance of the goats was maintained when part of the ration was substituted with freshlygrated coconut meat and rice bran. Sustainable goat production can be done throughout the year as there is a steady supply of coconut and lots of rice bran is available during dry season in most regions of the Philippines.

Antagonistic Effects of Fermented Activators on String Beans (Vigna Sesquipedalis) Grown Under Saline Condition Kent Marcial L. Catubis kent_vindecated@hotmail.com Cebu Technological University - Barili Campus, Barili, Cebu, Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Palawan

Salinity is a factor affecting agricultural productivity that causes stress to plants. While amino acids serve as defense mechanism during stress by increasing tolerance to saline stress among others. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the yield and yield components, and root nodule formation of string beans as affected by fermented activators under varying salinity levels. Weight of marketable pods was reduced by increasing salinity levels (2 to 6 EC). For fermented activators, weight of marketable pods was lowest on those applied with both Fermented Crushed Golden Snail (FCGS) at 25.67g and 1 Part FCGS + 1 Part Fermented Swamp Cabbage Juice (FSCJ) at 24.83g. This was directly proportional to the eventual computed marketable yield (t/ha) and inversely proportional to the weight of non-marketable pods (g). Instead, application of fermented activators on string beans without salinity treatment significantly increased root nodule formation (14 to 18%). However, drastic reduction in root nodule was noted on fermented activator-treated string beans when subjected to saline conditions. Thus, the use of fermented activators regardless of salinity condition will generally cause yield reduction in string beans despite the increase in root nodule formation on those not subjected to saline condition. Keywords: Agriculture,salinity stress, fermented activators, experimental design, Cebu City, Philippines

Fungal Flora of Batanes Group of Islands, Northern Luzon, Philippines Edwin R. Tadiosa ertadiosa@yahoo.com National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines

Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Palawan

The study on the macroscopic fungi was conducted at Batanes Protected Landscape. Four transect lines were established in the islands from 200m to 900masl (Mt. Iraya), 50m to 450masl (Mt. Matarem), 10m to 40masl (Sabtang) with 20m x 50m quadrat sampling each transect line (TL). The fungal species within the quadrats along the TL’s were collected, identified and recorded. The diversity was assessed using Simpson’s Index. Field sampling of fungi resulted to the identification of 18 families, 27 genera, and 68 species with a total of 863 individuals. Of which 63 are basidiomycetes, and five are ascomycetes. Among the significant findings include Hexagonia nitida Durieu & Mont., Octospora humosa(Fr.) Dennis, Microporus affinis (Blume& T. Nees.) Kuntze, Microporus xanthopus (Fr.) Kuntze, Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr., and Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., as the new record fungal species in Batanes, and two possible new species of the genus Tarzetta and Tremella. Further field surveys of the Landscape are anticipated to uncover a rich and diverse fungal flora. Although generally well protected, the Landscape is currently experiencing some degree of anthropogenic disturbances. Fungal diversity research efforts need to be encouraged to evaluate the effects of these human disruptions on the ecology of the Landscape. Keywords: Botany, Fungal Flora, Batanes Group of Islands, diversity, experimental design, Manila, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Herbal Plants as Potential Feed Additive in Broiler Diets Augie E. Fuentes audz19_fuentes@yahoo.com Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology, Digos City, Philippines

Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Palawan

Keywords: Botany,animal nutrition, feed additive, antibacterial sensitivity, feeding trial, descriptive design, Davao del Sur, Philippines

Drying and Storage Characteristics of Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea spp.) Marife L. Pesino marifeleonardopesino@gmail.com Central Bicol State University of Agriculture, Pili, Camarines Sur, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Palawan

The potential use of the golden apple snail (pomacea spp.), one of the world’s 100 worst invasive species, as an economical non-conventional and alternative food, feed and fertilizer resource has to be revealed to recompense its irreversible damage in destroying crops globally. Major processes such as drying and storage of GAS have to be developed, hence this study.Empirical and semi-empirical models for drying GAS considering the effect of air temperature, air velocity, and loading capacity on moisture content, drying rate, rehydration ratio, protein content, and over-all acceptability were established. The optimum drying conditions were determined at 97oC, 0.31m/s, and 11.5 kg/m2 for whole meat and 94oC, 0.3m/s, and 12 kg/ m2 for crushed meal. The physico-chemical and microbiological analyses for the processed dried GAS have met the specification standards as prescribed for commercially dried food and feedstuff. Moisture sorption isotherm models of GAS were developed at 4 to 60oC with relative humidity ranging from 18 to 94%. Bacillus sp. and Aspergillus sp. were the identified dominant microorganisms causing early spoilage on the storage of fresh whole meat and crushed meal.Results of the study can serve as sound bases in designing process equipment and standard protocol for GAS processing. Keywords: Engineering, alternative food, fertilizer and feedstuff, drying and storage, continental, experimental design, Camarines Sur, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Ten herbal plants utilized by backyard poultry raisers in Mt. Apo, Davao del Sur, Philippines and subjected to preliminary testing by veterinary schools in Mindanao were investigated for antibacterial and feed additive potential in broiler diets. Antibacterial sensitivity testing of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Malunggay), Euphorbia hirta Lin. (Tawa-tawa), Jatropha curcas Lin. (Tuba-tuba), Azadirachta indica, A. Juss (Neem), Coleus blumei Benth (Mayana), Momordica charantia L. (Ampalaya), Gliricidia sepium Jacg. (Madre de Cacao), Vitex negundo L. (Lagundi), Centenella asiatica (Gotu Kola) and Blumea balsamifera (Sambong) was done. Herbal plants showing antibacterial properties were used in the 42-day feeding trial to determine its effect on the growth of broilers. Antibacterial assay showed highest ZI in Moringa Crude Extract of 23.17 mm and had MIC of 26.32 mg/ml. Average daily feed intake was significantly higher in broilers fed with Moringa Extract-High and Low and Milk Weed Extract-Low. Significantly higher live weight (1,715.50 g/bird), daily gain (39.72 g) and feed conversion efficiency (2.08 g/live weight gain) in broilers fed with Milk Weed Extract-High. Highly significant variations on sensory test of meat samples were noted. Results suggested that Milk Weed Extract Diets showed remarkable results in live weight gains and feed conversion efficiency of broilers. This proved that herbal plants could be better alternative to synthetic antibiotics as antibacterial growth promotant and as feed additive to broiler diets.

Educators in a Milieu of Maratabat Culture: Its Implication to Teaching Performance Rolando C. Cuizon rollycuizon_2006@yahoo.com.ph St. Peter’s College, Iligan City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Venue: Palawan

Maratabat is a Muslim Maranao term which means family honor. It is the wellspring of family values and their inspiration to improve economic status to the point of endangering lives of family members. The study aimed at finding the influence of Maratabat culture on the teaching performance of teachers in Pantao Ragat District, Lanao del Norte Division during SY 2012-2013. Specifically, this study explored the respondents’ level of awareness on Maratabat in the dimensions of ideology, social position, and social coercion. The research method was descriptive using adapted standardized questionnaire. Data from survey were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, mean, and Pearson Moment of Correlation. The study found out that more than one-half of the respondents in the age range of 51 to 60 years old and in service for more than 20 years, all are female, and majority are married. Of the three dimensions of Maratabat, the respondents are very aware of social coercion. It is recommended that teachers should integrate positive family values in class and that school administrators should initiate outreach programs to increase positive family values. Thus, counter the effect of Maratabat on social coercion. Keywords. Social Sciences, Maratabat, teaching performance, descriptive design, Lanao del Norte, Philippines

The Lexical Features of the Tarlac Variety of Ilocano in Tarlac City Anna Maria Soccorro Yumul-Coloma anna_maria_soccorro_coloma@yahoo.com Tarlac State University, Tarlac City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm

Venue: Palawan

Tarlac is known for its ethno-linguistic diversity. Its people can trace their roots as far as settlers of Pangasinan and Kapampangans whose lands were merged by the Spanish Government to form the Province of Tarlac. In addition, people from neighboring areas have migrated to Tarlac to form the present-day multi-ethnic and multi-lingual population. At present, the diversity of its people poses problems on the local identity, since inhabitants of the area, particularly in the capital, are of mixed heritage. This problem on identity encompasses different aspects, such as language use, which has been highlighted by Department of Education’s (DepED) implementation of the Mother Tongue Based Multi Lingual Education (MTB-MLE). The study primarily aimed to identify and describe the emergent Tarlac variety of Ilocano in terms of its lexical features. The study is a continuation of a previous research on the variety of another dominant language in the area, Kapampangan. The data showed that the Ilocano variety is marked by specific lexical features such borrowing from the Filipino and English languages. The study also noted variations in affixation as well as in orthography. Keywords: Linguistics, language, Ilocano variety, Ilocano, descriptive design, Tarlac City,Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Understanding the Disparity in Assessment Results between Scholars and Non-Scholars in a Maritime School

Keywords: Education, institutional assessment, root-cause analysis, student factors, learning environment, descriptive design, Bacolod, Philippines

Modeling the Impact of Research and Development Investment on the Quality of Life: Lesson from Countries with High and Very High Human Development Index Honesto O. Camino onicamino@yahoo.com Polytechnic University of the Philippines - Mulanay Campus, Quezon, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Sulawesi The Philippines once attained a kind of life whose quality is considered second to that of Japan, the leading economy in Asia. Over time, such prestige was gradually lost as some Asian countries, such as Singapore and South Korea, among others, started to bypass the Philippine economy. Common among these emerging economies is adoption of new technologies born out of researches done in the academe and the industries which facilitate and expedite their drive towards industrialization. Consequently, this led to economic boom that enhances the quality of life of their people. This paper is anchored on the assumption that quality life promotes a sustainable world. It argues that investment in research and development promotes quality life. To substantiate this argument, various evidences (historical, theoretical as well as empirical) are forwarded. Spearman rho and regression analysis were used to analyze the data that come from countries with high to very human development index (HDI).Results revealed substantial to high relationship between research and development investment (measured as Research and Development Spending as Percent of GDP and Business Spending on Research and Development as Percent of GDP) as well as Research and Development related variables (Research and Development Personnel per million people, Technology Index and Technology Achievement) and the quality of life (as measured by Human Development Index). Findings confirmed the claim that investment in Research and Development has beneficial consequences to the quality of human life. Data-driven recommendations are forwarded with the view of enabling the Philippines to join the ranks of countries with high to very high human development index. Keywords: Social Science, research and human development index, quality of life, multivariate analysis, descriptive design, Quezon, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Emeliza T. Estimo eestimo0322@yahoo.com John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation-Bacolod Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Sulawesi One of the goals of every institution is to ensure excellent acquisition of knowledge and skills by students, hence, institutional assessments are conducted to gauge if targets as defined by this goal are met. This rootcause analysis was conducted through a two-set survey to gather the points of view of both the instructors and students on the factors contributing to the unexplainable big disparity in the academic assessment results between scholars and regular students. Frequency count and ranking of results gathered from the student-respondents pointed to specific student factors and concerns related to learning environment and the preparation and administration of the assessment instrument. Most of the problems highlighted by the instructors leaned toward poor comprehension and retention skills and inability to think in a higher level among students. These limitations were observed to be worsened by attitudinal problems like poor study habits, lack of/poor self-motivation, lack of seriousness in taking challenges, lack of internalization of the importance of the assessment, external noise, mental fatigue, and disruption of classes caused by frequent meetings and activities. Moreover, instructors also hinted on some concerns related to instrumentation and time management. Subject area workshops were recommended to address the findings of the study.

DOES IT MATTER? Traces of the Benefits of Teacher Training in Student Learning

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Alvin O. Cayogyog acayogyog_31266@yahoo.com.ph The University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Sulawesi Training must serve its purpose or else it will become a waste of time, effort and money (Measuring training effectiveness, 2001; Anastasiou, 2011, Mohamed and Alias, 2012). Despite the noble purpose of training (Mc Neel, 2009; Yip et al, 2003; Steward, 2005) its investments were oftentimes wasted due to poor designs and evaluation program (Kumpikaite, 2007; Anastasious, 2011). This study traces the usefulness of teachers’ trainings in student learning using mixed methods of research such as descriptive and crossed-case analyses via reflection mode technique. Frequency distribution, percentages and Nvivo software were the tools used for analysis. Results articulated in emerging categories of students’ personal and interpersonal learning experiences manifested that the traces of benefits were dominant on their affective learning domain followed by cognitive, then, by psychomotor. Several insights across these categories traced their roots to teachers’ professional traits and values. Cases on competency-based instruction and advanced teachinglearning methods were found to have common traces of benefits of teachers’ training in students’ learning while the pedagogy of love emerged to have a distinct character. Nevertheless, this study inferred that teachers’ training were beneficial in building the students’ character with excellence - calling for a continuous strengthening of faculty development initiatives. Keywords: Education, HR research, teacher training, student learning, traces of benefits, mixed methods of research, reflection mode techniques, Davao City, Philippines

Characterization and Evaluation of Phenotypic and Genotypic Mutations in Bush Sitao Bukal Variety (Vigna unguiculata, Walp) Induced with Gamma Radiation Jhoanna Battung-Calubaquib jb_calubaquib@yahoo.com Cagayan State University - Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Mutation Breeding through Gamma Irradiation is a potential technique to induce mutation for crop improvement. The study was done to induce phenotypic and genotypic variations in Vigna unguiculata using radiation doses expressed in Gray of the Cobalt60 Gamma Chamber. Cytogenetic analysis and irradiation were conducted in Manila while field testing was undertaken in Cagayan, Philippines. Chromosome assay in anaphase cells revealed that the G1 (100Gy) cells exhibited interlocking chromosomes. G2 (150) cells showed parallel chromosome segments. G3 (200) and G4 (250) cells exuded double bridges and criss-crosses of chromosome segments, respectively. Under anaphase I, G5 (300) cells exhibited ringed chromosomes and breakages from the centromeres, while G5 anaphase II showed double bridges. Results of phenotypic evaluation indicated that all the yield-contributing mutants such as heavier pod, longer pod, increased number of seeds and green pods were consistently induced by doses -200, 100 and 300 Grays. The most effective dose to induce desirable traits was the 200 Gy. Qualitative mutants like pod and seed coat colors were manifested in all the samples. The quantitative phenotypic mutants developed in M1 and M2 progenies were all considered beneficial traits and majority of these showed considerable improvement in the second mutagenic (M2) generation. Keywords: Mutation Breeding, Gamma Radiation, Gamma Irradiation, Mutation, Cytogenetic Analysis, Vigna unguiculata, Phenotype, Genotype, Chromosome Assay, Field Evaluation

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Assessment of Potential Yield and Climate Change Sensitivity of Groundnut in Cagayan Valley Oscar L. Barboza olbqsc@gmail.com Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Keywords: Agriculture, groundnut, potential and actual yield, simulation, climate change, Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer, Cagayan Valley, Philippines

College Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Electromagnetism: A Qualitative Analysis Larry D. Buban larrybuban@wvsu.edu.ph West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Sulawesi

The concept of a field is fundamental to the study of physics. It has been suggested that students who can successfully solve quantitative physics problems may not qualitatively grasp the underlying concepts. After formal physics instruction, many students who can successfully perform mathematical algorithms to arrive at numerically correct answers seem to lack a conceptual understanding. To overcome this failure to understand, instruction must address the specific difficulties students have with the relevant concepts. An appropriate qualitative research study can explore these student difficulties. The study described a qualitative investigation of college physics - major students’ in understanding the concepts of magnetic field. Different aspects of magnetic fields were examined: existence/definition (or mental construct), source, vector representation, and superposition. This investigation examined how college physics students understand magnetic fields before and after instruction, and after group negotiation including the student difficulties that need to be addressed in formal physics instruction in order to improve qualitative comprehension. Pre-test, post test and individual oral interviews were conducted from 8 case students enrolled in electromagnetism class. The interviews were videotaped and transcribed for deeper analysis. The study showed students’ description and illustration of four aspects such as magnetic field were improved by instruction and group negotiation. Implications for teaching electromagnetism were advanced in the study. Keywords: Physics, electromagnetism, magnetic field, mental constructs superposition, qualitative analysis and group negotiation, Iloilo City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

This study aimed to determine yield and production constraints of peanut in Cagayan Valley using Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer; analyze yield gaps between simulated and actual yield, and provide decision support to optimize production. Simulation results using CSM-CROPGRO sub-model of DSSAT showed that highest potential yield is 2,267 kgs. / Hectare when planted in October 15 under rainfed condition. Under non-stressed conditions in the dry season, the potential yield is 4,805 kgs./ hectare planted in December 15. From 10 years of yield data, gap between farmer’s yield compared with rainfed potential ranges from 153 to 2,116 kgs./ hectare. Low rates of nitrogen application and pests and diseases were the factors causing yield gaps. The DSSAT program also captured the effect of prolonged drought in the last quarter of 2009 which resulted to underestimated yield, and the effect of warm weather in 2004 which showed lowering of potential yield by 50%. Regional analysis of peanut yields showed that central eastern part is more productive for rainfed conditions during the dry season; whereas southern part including Quirino and Ifugao is more suitable to producing peanut during the wet season due to cooler temperature.

Seed Priming and Nutrient Management of Aerobic Rice Ricardo B. Casauay rick_csup@yahoo.com Cagayan State University, Piat, Cagayan, Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Sulawesi

This study was conducted at Cagayan State University, Piat, Cagayanfrom September 10 to December 28, 2011 to evaluate the effect of seed priming and nutrient management on aerobic rice (NSIC 192). The experimental design used was Split-plot Design with three replications, with Seed Priming Method as Main Plot- A0- Hydropriming seed overnight, A1Hydropriming seed overnight and soaked in nutrient solution for 2 Hours, and A2- Hydropriming seed overnight and soaked in nutrient solution for 4 Hours; and Nutrient Management as Sub-Plots, F1-Control, F2-Farmers Practices, F3- Recommended Inorganic fertilizers, F4-Pure Humic Acid, F5- Farmers Practice plus Humic Acid, F6- Recommended Inorganic fertilizers plus Humic Acid, F7- Recommended Inorganic Fertilizers plus Humic Acid, F8- Pure Inorganic Fertilizers, and F9- Pure Organic Fertilizers. Results indicated that plot fertilize using the recommended amount of inorganic and organic fertilizer either applied singly or in combination with humic acid, registered significantly taller plants than those applied with lesser amount of fertilizers. Production of productive tillers, longer panicles, and filled grains/panicle were affected by the fertilizer interventions. Fertilized plants are also found to be significantly superior over the unfertilized ones in terms of weight per 1000 seeds, and computed yields, t/ha. The highest income was obtained from F5 (Farmer’s practices + Humic Acid) with P89, 901.53. Comparable earnings were registered by F2, F6, and F3, with P87, 861.53, P87, 503.53, and P86, 686.53 per 4-month cropping period, F7, F8, F9, F1 and F4 also gave the following incomes: P84, 956.53, P81, 566.53, P69, 236.53, P15, 061.53 and P12, 936.53, respectively. Keywords: Agriculture, aerobic rice, climate change, seed priming, hydropriming, nutripriming, humicacids, experimental design, Cagayan. Philippines

Relative Effectiveness of Virtual Laboratory Strategies in Teaching Physics IsidroL. Duran duran_sid@yahoo.com Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – SLUC, Agoo, La Union, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Sulawesi

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In the learning areas of the Bachelor of Science in Computer Science, Physics is the loathed subject among sophomore students. Most topics are analytical wherein students need to solve problems. With these, the researcher conjucted this study that would abate aversion of students in physics. This study assessed the difference in the performance of students taught using virtual laboratory strategies and those taught using conventional one. Experimental research design was applied, specifically, posttest only control group design which includes experimental and control groups, where assignment to groups occured through random sampling. The experimental group was exposed to select virtual lessons in physics while the control group was not. Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) was utilized in assessing and testing the significant difference of the performance of students from the experimental and controlled groups with an Intelligent Quotient (IQ) as the moderating variable. Results revealed that experimental group performed better than the conventional group. Furthermore, there was a relative significance on the difference between the performance of the two groups of respondents. Thus, virtual laboratory strategies are more effective and proffer innovative strategy in teaching physics. It is a useful strategy for schools with limited Physics laboratory rooms. Keywords: Applied Science, virtual laboratory strategies, effectiveness of teaching, experimental design,La Union, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

The Antiangiogenic and Antioxidant Properties of Calamansi Citrus macrocarpa Peel Ethanolic Extract Mary Jane G. Barluado maryjanebarluado@gmail.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Keywords: Pharmacology, Antiangiogenic, Antioxidant, CAM Assay, DPPH Assay, Citrus macrocarpa, Davao City, Philippines * Best Abstract Awardee for Clinical Laboratory

Faculty Development Program towards Quality Education Marinel P. Dayawon mrnlpalattao@yahoo.com Isabela State University-Cauayan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Sulawesi Good educational institutions are best known for the quality performance of its faculty members excel in their disciplines. This study was conducted to assess the existing faculty development program of Isabela State University-Cauayan Campus as well as its implementation that served as basis in proposing a program more focused on the personal, educational and professional needs of faculty. The instruments used were the personal data sheets and questionnaires that were adopted, modified, validated and answered by the regular and contractual faculty members. Using both qualitative and quantitative designs, the results obtained were analyzed using frequency distribution, weighted mean and rank order to determine the present status of the faculty development program. The results showed that the goals and objectives of the program are relevant to the personal and professional needs of the faculty but not realized due to noncompliance. It is found out that there is no clear existing faculty program in ISU; the program concentrates only on educational development such as attendance to seminars, trainings and study grants given to faculty members sacrificing other aspects of development. With these, there is an urgent need on reformulating the program to improve the delivery of education. Keywords: Education, Faculty Development Program, Higher Education Institution, descriptive design, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Angiogenesis or the development of blood vessels and oxidation or the radical transformation of cellular substances are two key processes that contribute to cancer progression. The study evaluated the antiangiogenic and antioxidant properties of different concentrations of calamansi C. macrocarpa ethanolic peel extract. Preliminary quantification of active compound phenolic acid in 1 ml of 0.1% extract solution revealed 0.005% phenolic acid content. Using 11-day chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, 0.10 g/ml to 0.30 g/ml extract revealed significantly lower numbers of blood vessels compared to the untreated control (p<0.05), in a concentration-dependent fashion, as supported by Chi-square analysis, demonstrating antiangiogenic property of the extract. On the other hand, 0.10% to 0.50% extract concentrations were tested against known radical 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) using ascorbic acid as positive control. Spectrophotometric assays revealed substantial and stronger inhibition of DPPH by the extract than by ascorbic acid as positive control (p<0.05), demonstrating powerful antioxidant property of the extract. Hence, the study proved that S. macrocarpa peel extract exhibits both antiangiogenic and antioxidant properties. Development of anticancer therapy envisaged, the researcher first recommendeda test on the antiangiogenic and antioxidant efficacies of the extract using tumor-positive animal models.

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The English Proficiency of the Student Teachers of Cagayan State University Shella D. dela Cruz sheiladanga@yahoo.com Cagayan State University, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

The study assessed the English Proficiency of the student teachers of the Cagayan State University Piat campus, Cagayan Valley, Philippines for SY 2009-2010. It tested the four macro skills in English. The study determined the profile of the respondents, level of exposure to the English language and the extent of their use of the English language. The study sought to find out the relationship of these factors to that of their proficiency level. The descriptive–correlational design was used and a questionnaire was utilized to obtain the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample. The performance of the respondents in the English proficiency test showed that they got the highest score in grammar test followed by Listening test, Speaking test, Vocabulary and Reading test, and Writing test. The overall index of mastery of the respondents in the proficiency test is 61.94. The exposure of the respondents to English specifically to mass media proved to be significantly related to their proficiency in the language. Keywords: Language and Communication, English proficiency, academic macro skills, Cagayan, Philippines

Global Competitiveness in Maritime Education (ME) Through OutcomeBased Teaching-Learning (OBTL): A Journey Mario C. Sequio sequiom@gmail.com John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University Molo, Iloilo City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Sulawesi

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The study was conducted to capture the global competitiveness in Maritime Education Training (ME) through Outcome-Based Teaching-Learning (OBTL) at the maritime university in the Philippines by utilizing the marine engineering program of John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University (JBLFMU)-Molo, Iloilo City. The researcher utilized quantitative-qualitative research design. The study focused on the method called mixed-method research. Its central premise is that the use of quantitative and qualitative approaches in combination provides a better understanding of research problems that either approach alone (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011). Quantitative statistical tools were utilized in this study. Qualitative information and narrative expressions of the respondents shall be anchored on data analysis of Macmillan and Schumacker (1986), Feagin, Orumand Sjoberg (1990) as cited by Alimen and Pador (2010). Respondents of the study were 30 faculty members and department heads of maritime university in the Philippines. The study showcased the significant imprints of OBTL in the pursuit of sustaining quality in maritime education and training, particularly in the Marine Engineering Program of John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University-Molo, Iloilo City as Level IV accredited program. This becomes a journey towards excellence in ME in the Philippines and South East Asia region. Keywords: Maritime education, global competitiveness, Maritime Education Training, descriptive design, Iloilo City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Discovering the Graduating College Students’ Experiences at SLSU-TO: Their Contribution for Program Intervention Francis Ann R. Sy Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Sumatra

Keywords: Education, students’ experiences, descriptive-survey, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Boarding Houses of Barangay Apokon and Opportunities for USeP Student Referral System and Policy Enhancement Genna J. Carmelo g_i_joves@yahoo.com University of Southeastern Philippines, Apokon, Tagum City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Sumatra The study evaluated the boarding houses of Barangay Apokon particularly in Puroks Kwatro, Singko and Sais. The descriptive survey method was used to determine the operations of boarding houses and to determine the services rendered to its clientele. Respondents of the study were building owners and residential owners who operate boarding houses. Significant findings of the research include: (a) majority of the operators have city permits but only a small percentage complied with the city sanitary and Bureau of Fire Protection permits; (b) all boarding houses have electricity, but a great number of rooms do not have lights; (c) comfort rooms used were generally water-sealed but some still use the pit-type; (d) there were a few boarding houses where boarders have to sleep on the floor since there were no sufficient beds; (e) some boarding houses did not furnish closets for clothes; (f) safety measures like, fire exits and first aid kits were lacking in most of the boarding houses; (g) there was no policy on visiting hours and visitor regulation in most of the boarding houses; and (h) some set their curfew time very late while some do not have curfew time. Keywords: Social Science, boarding houses, opportunities, Student Referral System and Policy Enhancement, descriptive design, Taguig City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

College students’ experiences are important for improving the standard and quality of the school. It was the purpose of this study to determine the school-related profile of the students, their involvement in academic and non- academic activities, their experiences with the faculty and in other areas. The descriptive-survey method was used with complete enumeration of the graduating students at Southern Leyte State UniversityTomas Oppus for 2012 to 2013. Frequency, percentage and weighted mean were the tools applied and a combination of a modified instrument and a researcher- made instruments were used. Female students comprised the respondents which many of them were involved in varied activities. The students often experienced that teachers applied different strategies and methods which they also found effective. They manifested that their teachers’ attitude were most often flexible among others. They also agreed that most areas under curriculum were relevant, and up to date together with the library, the facilities and equipment, and the laboratories. The data can help administrators, faculty members, and others to improve school’s condition, students’ learning and the quality of experience of those who will come after them. Based on the findings of the study, this could contribute to program intervention of the college.

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Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Sensory Quality of Broiler Meat after Moringa Tea Supplementation Arlyn Jasmin-Yra Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Sumatra

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The study verified the effect of Fresh Moringa Tea in broilers on the sensory quality of its meat. The experiment included 120 birds randomly assigned to four treatments and replicated thrice with ten birds per application. Commercially prepared mash feeds were fed to the broiler chicks based on their stage of growth, i.e., chick booster (1-14 days), starter ration (15-28 days) and finisher ration (29-35 days). Treatments were supplemented with 25, 50, 75 grams of Moringa leaves per liter of water to the experimental birds (T1, T2, T3). T0 was designated as the control with commercial vitamin-mineral supplement. After heat treatment of the meat each treatment sample was anonymously assessed by 90 individuals (color, texture, moistness or juiciness, flavor, aroma and overall eating quality) using the 7-point hedonic scale. Comparable results in color, texture, moistness or juiciness were observed. Moringa Tea therefore does not impact any undesirable changes in the color, texture and moistness or juiciness in the broiler’s meat. The meat from T3 varied significantly from that of T0. This implied that the highest concentration of Moringa Tea (75 grams/li of water) could improve the flavor of chicken. The meat of broilers with varying concentration of Moringa Tea differed significantly from the broiler meat in the control group. In the overall eating quality, it was observed that T3 is significantly differed compared with the other treatments and the control. Higher concentration of Moringa Tea could improve greatly the overall eating quality of meat. Keywords: Agriculture, broiler meat, sensory quality, Moringa Tea, experimental design, Quirino, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Guyabano Leaves Extract As A Bio-Control Agent Against Staphylococcus aureus: Scientific Fact or Bluff? Christine Joy O. Baguhin baguhinchristinejoy@yahoo.com.ph The University of Mindanao -Matina Campus, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Sumatra

Keywords: Science, Annona muricata, Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin, oxacillin, Zone of inhibition, disk diffusion method, experimental design, Davao City, Philippines

Biochemical and Molecular Analyses of Quality Deterioration in Harvested Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) Heads Dewoowoogen P. Baclayon dpbaclayon@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 2:51 – 3:10 pm Venue: Sumatra Postproduction and marketing of broccoli are constrained by the high perishability of the commodity. This study was conducted to improve understanding of the mechanisms associated with quality deterioration in broccoli head at the biochemical and molecular levels. Harvested broccoli heads were allowed to senesce at room temperature for up to five days. Analysis of ammonia accumulation, tissue toughening and sugar degradation were conducted. RNA gel blot analysis was performed to examine gene expression patterns of quality deterioration related genes and correlate them with activities of their respective enzymes. Results revealed that quality deterioration was accompanied by increase in ammonia level coupled with a slight increase inGDH activity in the florets. Changes in texture of the branchlet tissue were also observed after harvest. Tissue toughening continuously increased while PAL activity decreased after few hours from harvest. PAL gene transcript was found to be consistent with that of the enzyme activity. Furthermore, rapid loss of sucrose occurred in broccoli heads immediately after harvest. RNA gel blot analysis of SS gene expression showed inconsistency with enzyme activity. Overall, findings would provide insights either in regulating biochemical reactions by molecular manipulations or designing suitable storage condition that would minimize quality deterioration. Keywords: Science, ammonia accumulation, carbohydrate, glutamate dehydrogenase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, postharvest horticulture, postharvest quality, textural changes, tissue toughness, Southern Leyte, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Guyabano plant has become increasingly well-known due to its curative properties. This study determined the efficacy of Annona muricata (Guyabano) leaves as bio-control agent against Staphylococcus aureus. The study employed experimental design with mean and one-way ANOVA as statistical tools. Staphylococcus aureus strains were bought at the Department of Science and Technology while samples of Guyabano leaves were collected in Mandug, Davao City. One hundred grams of leaves were used to take out Guyabano leaf extract using rotary evaporator. Utilizing disk diffusion method with three trials and three replications to determine zone of inhibition, results showed that after 24-hour treatment, there was no zone of inhibition on the experimental variable using 100% concentration of Guyabano leaves extract. However, zone of inhibition of oxacillin was active in the zone of 11.5 mm. Vancomycin was very active in the zone of 17.17 mm. while distilled water did not yield any zone of inhibition. Both experimental and control group did not yield any significant difference in its zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed that Guyabano leaves extract could not be a bio-control agent for Staphylococcus aureus; hence, cannot be used in treating diseases caused by these bacteria. Hence, the researcher recommended that further studies be conducted.

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Synergistic Effect of Euphorbia hirta Extract and Selected Antimicrobial Drugs against Microorganism Causing Urinary Tract Infections

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Sedra A. Murray murraysedra@ymail.com University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Sumatra Searches for substances with antimicrobial and antifungal activity are frequent, and medicinal plants have been considered interesting by some researchers since they are frequently used in popular medicine as remedies for many infectious diseases. The study investigated the individual effect of Euphorbia hirta extracts, select antimicrobial drugs, and their combination against microorganism causing urinary tract infection. The antimicrobial activity of E. hirta extracts was tested against Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans using disc diffusion assay. Based on the zones of inhibition, results revealed that extract of E. hirta alone( treatment 1) was the most effective concentration. Synergistic effect was also noted against the test organisms. The greatest synergism was observed in the combination of cefuroxime with 100% extract and the lowest synergism was in combination between nystatin with 25% extract. The results obtained with S saprophyticus were particularly interesting since it was greatly inhibited by the extracts. A plausible mechanism of S saprophyticus action could be suggested that the E. hirta extract potentiated the activity of Cefuroxime, giving rise to synergism. Therefore, the results seem to be promising and may enhance the natural products uses, showing the potential of E. hirta in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by S. saprophyticus. Keywords: Botany, euphorbia hirta, cefuroxime, nystatin, antimicrobial activity, synergism, experimental design, Cotabato City, Philippines

Student Difficulties in Basic Mathematics Susan M. Cruzado Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology Calapan Campus, Calapan City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Sumatra

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The study determined the performance difficulties of the students in four basic mathematical operations. It used descriptive-comparative design with 60 randomly selected college freshmen as of the study. This context in Mathematics has always been identified as the dimensions in which students likely show dismal performance; hence, a further study is conceived. A thirty- item test in integers, decimal numbers and fractions across four operations was the main instrument used in the study. Data gathered were analyzed utilizing One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to compare difficulty differences. Results showed that students encountered difficulty in subtraction of integers, division of decimal numbers and fractions caused by procedural complexities where frequency of errors was prominent. Difficulty differences in performing four basic mathematical operations were mostly found significant. Thus, it can be inferred that students coped with difficulties in four basic mathematical operations to varying extents. With this, it is recommended that students should solve integers, decimal numbers and fractions more often as a useful aid to memorizing their corresponding rules involving different mathematical operations. Keywords: Mathematics, performance difficulties, basic mathematical operations, descriptive-comparative, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Unlocking Problem Solving Difficulties of BEED III Students

Keywords: Mathematics, difficulty, problem solving test, Isabela, Philippines

Development of the Online Repository of Theses and Dissertations of the University of Cebu - Graduate School Library (ucGSlib) Aahron M. Dinauanao dinauanao@gmail.com Consolacion Community College, Consolacion, Cebu, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Sumatra Library provides information both printed and unprinted materials that are basic in today’s knowledge-based society. The roles of library do not only limit to promotion of readership but also promotion of interests of readers who are ready to embrace technological advancements brought about the emerging technologies of the 21st century. These digital technologies have changed the library-materials that can be accessed, maintained, and preserved in a repository. In the academe such as the University of Cebu (UC), materials such as theses and dissertations done by the graduates of the graduate school (GS) are not available online. Most of the library patrons have difficulty in locating these resources. The goal of this study was to develop an online repository of theses and dissertations of the UCGS Library dubbed as ucGSlib. A triangulation of descriptive and quasi-experimental designs was used. Gathering and collecting of data through the use of questionnaires, interviews, and content analysis were used in system construction. The researcher designed and developed the online repository that adheres to the standards for database management, search query, user application interface and data integrity as tested by the IT experts and end-users. The researcher recommended the deployment, promotion and maintenance of the ucGSlib. Keywords: ICT, electronic thesis and dissertation (ETD), institutional Repository (IR), library, Graduate School,ucGSlib, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Arnold T. Pascua arnold.pascua@gmail.com Isabela State University- Cauayan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Sumatra Problem solving is often associated with word problems which do not focus only the content knowledge but also on the ability of students to analyze the problem and apply appropriate strategy to arrive at the correct answer. This research used descriptive design to analyze the problem solving abilities of the Bachelor of Elementary Education III students of the Isabela State University- Cauayan Campus for the SY 2011- 2012. The research used a teacher-made test and simple frequency and percent were employed to analyse the sources of difficulty of the students. Results showed that some students had a difficulty in representing the problem. Student who successfully represented the problem managed to produce the correct equation and eventually solve the problem correctly. Difficulty of the students lies in representing the unknown quantities. A proportion of those who did not make any attempts to represent the problem and those who did not correctly represent the problem can also produce correct equation by using the word matching approach. However, this approach is not applicable when the problem is using a less inconsistent problem which can be seen in the number problem. Number of students with difficulty in solving equations was very minimal.

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Enrolment Factors at the Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology Main Campus: An Exploratory Analysis

Concurrent Sessions • May 1

Mary Ann M. Hernandez maanhernandez@yahoo.com Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Sumatra The constant rate of enrolment to the Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology despite increase in the rate of students graduating from high school dictates an exploration of the profiles of students that choose to remain in the College until graduation to come up with an analysis on how to strengthen campaign strategies. Data provided by 488 students from systematic sampling of students from all programs of the College showed that there are more male students than females, those whose incomes are below 50 thousand pesos annually, those with intermediate family sizes, and whose parents are land tillers. Personal choice and parental choice are the top two reasons for students to remain in the College with the former having 48% share of the answers. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that despite the long-held perception that choice of college is a family influence. The study indicated personal choice among the respondents. Multiple regression indicated that only family size is a strong indicator for choosing MinSCAT. Results implicated the importance of highlighting the strengths of the College in the enrolment campaigns such as accreditation levels and relative passing rate to licensure examinations to attract more students. Keywords: Education, enrolment factors, PCA, descriptive design, Oriental Mindoro Philippines

Employment Attributes and Expertise of BSIT Graduating Students of AMA Computer College-Davao Joseph Elmer G. Noval jo_egn@yahoo.com.ph AMA Computer College-Davao, Davao City, Philippines Day 1: May 1, 2013 • Time: 5:11 – 5:30 pm Venue: Sumatra

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As an effort to assess the efficacy of the information technology education delivered by an IT academic institution to ensure future employment of its graduates, this descriptive research was undertaken to determine the employment attributes and expertise of the graduating students of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) of AMA Computer College (AMACC) Davao. To realize these objectives, a researchermade instrument using 4-point Likert type questionnaire-checklist was used. The respondents of the study were the BSIT graduating students during SY 2011-2012 who completed the required 486 hours on-the-job training. Statistical treatments used were percentage, Chi-Square, Pearson Moment Product Correlation and Multiple Regression. Results showed that the graduating students possessed the basic characteristics, such as personal qualities, core skills and subject knowledge required by business organizations for initial employment. The respondents showed high levels of expertise in terms of knowledge and skills. Findings showed that respondents from outside of Region XI have higher personal qualities than those from Region XI. Students from public schools have higher personal qualities and core skills compared to those from private schools (sectarian or nonsectarian). Keywords: Social Science, BSIT graduating students, employment attributes, expertise, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Gay Service Accessibility for School and Community Rome B. Moralista jerlynagustar@yahoo.com West Visayas State University - Calinog, Campus Calinog, Iloilo Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:00 – 1:20 pm Venue: Borneo Although gays are super talented and gifted they experience alarming rates of behavioral and social problems. Service use among these youth is disproportionately low. It is likely that decreased service accessibility plays a causal role in service underutilization among gay youth. This study was conducted to determine the service accessibility issues in this population. The descriptive design was used where an in-depth interview was conducted to gather expert consensus opinion from experienced youth service providers. The findings revealed service accessibility barriers such as: societal, provider-related, youth-related, and resource-related; strategies to increase service accessibility gay youth such as: provider-focused, society-focused, youthfocused, school-focused, and resource-focused; and the creation of service structures that facilitate service access among these youth. Keywords: Social Science, gay, service accessibility, school, community, descriptive design, Iloilo, Philippines

Rudolf T. Vecaldo rudolfvecaldo@gmail.com Cagayan State University, Tuguegarao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Borneo The Bagos of Casigayan, Tabuk, Kalinga who are migrants from the upland Ilocos Region have maintained an indigenous practice vital in maintaining group solidarity and in ensuring good life among its members. This sociocultural practice is known as Urok, a formalized assistance (tulong) reflective of good relationship (pannakikaddua) that underscores the tenets of cooperation, benevolence, unity and collective conscience. The study generally elicited information on issues regarding the performance of Urok and its crucial influence to individual and community life of the Bagos. Ethnographic research methods such as fieldwork, interviews and case analysis were used. Major concepts were unravelled using the theoretical lens of functionalism. Furthermore, the study revealed that the practice of Urok forms an indispensable fabric of the Bagos’ social life. It depicts that the Bagos are not only living together as a household but as a community of reciprocal relationship anchored on interdependent and institutionalized desire and willingness to extend assistance and consolation especially during trying moments of life. Finally, the study proffered that investigating the Bagos’ social values as reflected in their Urok is a living testimony that today’s search for indigenous Filipino social values emphasizing solidarity and mutuality still exists amidst the influences of modernization. Keywords: Social Science, Urok practice, indigenous Filipino character, descriptive qualitative design, ethnography, Kalinga Province, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Dynamics of Urok Practice: Metaphor of Bagos’ Mutuality and Solidarity

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Life after the Storm: Voices of Women-Survivors of Domestic Violence

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Victoria P. Padilla vpadilla@wvsu.edu.ph West Visayas State University - Pototan Campus,Iloilo, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Borneo Life is certainly not a fairytale and, in this kind of situation, “happily ever after” is not very common. These are the stories of five woman-survivors of domestic violence in the Philippines who dreamed of having a happy family but their dreams contradicted reality. This interpretivist qualitative study was designed to look into a deeper understanding of collective accounts of woman-survivors of domestic violence. The narrative inquiry was considered using the in-depth interview method. The study revealed that these women experienced various forms of domestic violence and were caused by men’s bad habits, problems arising from the family, and jealousy of a man or a woman. Several strategies were utilized by women to improve their lives. This tough decision to free themselves from the abused made them better individuals, developed a stronger bond with their children, and increased faith in God. Resolving domestic violence requires the involvement of many sectors working together at community, national, and international levels. At each level, responses must include empowering women, reaching out to men, providing for the needs of victims, and increasing the penalties for abusers. Progress made in each of these areas will be the key to achieving global reduction of domestic violence. Keywords: Social Science, domestic violence, Violence against Women and Children (VAWC), survivors, descriptive-interpretivist design, Iloilo City, Philippines

Experimental Assessment of Standard Centrifugal Pump Working as Turbine Jose O. Cabili josechinoboy@yahoo.com.ph St. Peter’s College, Iligan City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Borneo

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The study assessed the possibility of using a standard centrifugal pump to run as turbine in lieu of Francis turbine that are complicated, expensive, unavailable and unfeasible for small hydro application. An experiment was conducted at MSU-IIT, Iligan City, Philippines to study the characteristics of the centrifugal pump when used as turbine. The tested pump having a specific speed of 0.58, 15.55 meters head and flow rate of 0.0048 m3/s at a speed of 3450 rpm with an expected efficiency of 50%. Since the available head at the test site was only 5.5 meters and flow rate of 0.0036 m3/s, the speed was calculated using its specific speed. During the experimentation, the results showed that its highest efficiency occurred at 1800 rpm which matched to the calculated speed. The results also showed that the efficiency of the pump-as-turbine approaches the efficiency of the pump in pump mode. These results are useful in the performance prediction of pumps when working as turbines. However, careful piping system analysis should also be seriously considered for any flow restriction. Sudden expansion would significantly reduce the energy available for the turbine which has been observed during the experimentation. Keywords: Mechanical Engineering, Standard Centrifugal Pump Running in Reverse, Alternative for Standard Turbine, experiment was conducted at MSU-IIT, experimental design, Iligan City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Developing an Online Web-based Application System for College Information Services Melvin M. Niñal uc.mninal@gmail.com University of Cebu, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Borneo

Keywords: ICT, e-learning services, on-campus students, grade inquiries, online examinations, online academic counselling, quasi-experimental design, Cebu City, Philippines

Biogas innovation processes and innovation system: Lessons from Davao del Sur, Philippines Joan D. Gervacio joangervacio@gmail.com University of Southeastern Philippines, Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Borneo The study examined biogas innovation system and processes in two farming communities in Davao del Sur, Philippines. It looked at the spread of biogas technology among small scale pig enterprises in the study area. Innovation histories were traced through workshops, semi structured interviews, observations and document analysis. The results showed that there were diverse innovation actors both from public and private sectors. An innovation system emerged as farmers identified sources of technology and advice and learned how to integrate a new technology into their production systems. Although private and public sector agencies have provided support of various kinds, there has been a general lack of coordination between them. Restrictive attitudes and practices resulted in weak and limited interactions among actors. Multi-actor interaction was weak, signifying a lack of innovation actors that focus on creating, developing and strengthening linkages, networks and partnerships. The lack of support in the socio-organisational institutions that constitute the enabling environment within which innovation actors operate may lead to systemic failure. The innovation system is seen as an emergent, continually evolving phenomenon rather than a fixed, designed set of components with institutionalised mechanisms of interaction. Keywords: Agricultural Technology, innovation processes, innovation system, farmer-to-farmer extension, biogas technology, descriptive design, Dava del Norte, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

The advent of e-college services has been evidently rampant on the web. Many of the learning institutions all over the world have installed distant education services aside from the traditional way where students go to school regularly to learn and transact academic related works. These services are focused on extending electronic access to students from different sides of the world. Usually these services are served to facilitate short-term and very specific courses for computer-literate individuals. Information Technology Education applications have molded many end-users to experience ease of work and access portable information with enough security. Much of these services purely concentrate on bringing out issues of off-campus students. It does not fully consider services for on-campus students like services that encompass online information retrieval such as grade inquiries, online examinations and online academic counseling. Many of the university web sites in the country and the world at large do not support these services although there are areas that provide e-college services for distant students. This study implemented a specific web provision that considers information services for on-campus students such as an Online Web-based Application System for College Information Services.

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Perceptions of Grade VII Pupils: Tablet PC as a Replacement for Mathematics Textbook Marlon I. Tayag lonskee2000@yahoo.com Systems Plus College Foundation, Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Borneo

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

The Tablet PC for mathematics was introduced this school year to the SPCF Grade VII pupils. This study assessed their perception on its use as a replacement for the mathematics textbook. Forty-eight pupils answered a 25-item Likert-scaled questionnaire adapted from several related researches. Eight factors were generated namely: Time-saving (loading=0.66, mean= 5.16); Instructional tool for learning mathematics (loading= 0.61, mean= 5.04); Interactive technological tool (loading= 0.65, mean= 5.53); More interesting way to learn mathematics (loading= 0.76, mean= 5.10); Minimal school bag load (loading= 0.73, mean= 5.85); Extended tablet usage (loading= 0.69, mean= 5.08); Visual learning of mathematics (loading= 0.72,mean= 5.95); Usability in higher mathematics (loading= 0.89, mean= 5.5). Cronbach alpha= 0.75 and 73% variance is explained by variance in the independent variable. Significance was indicated between two regular sections that used and did not use the Tablet PC in learning math. Overall mean (5.30) indicated a moderately agreeable response that the Tablet PC is a viable replacement for the mathematics textbook. Keywords: Information Technology, perceptions, Tablet PC, descriptive design, Pampanga, Philppines

Dietary and Anthropometric Assessment of Preschool Children in Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Arlyn Jasmin-Yra Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Borneo

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The study was conducted to determine the extent of nutritional status of preschool children in Diffun, Quirino with the core idea of identifying the underlying causes affecting the nutritional status of the preschool children. Information gathered was useful in establishing baseline nutritional data and/or ascertaining the overall nutritional status of the population to be able to create ordinances and legislations appropriate for the target group. Descriptive research design was utilized in the study, Testing of hypotheses and development of generalizations were also considered. The participants of this study were the preschool children in 44 different daycare centers from the 37 local communities in Diffun, Quirino. The main instrument used in gathering data was the questionnaire. The sets of research instrument were retrieved immediately after the respondents have individually answered all the items. Pearson correlation was utilized to determine relationships between variables. Results revealed that anthropometric status of preschool children has a strong relationship with age in months, educational attainment of mother and monthly income of both parents. Dietary status, on the other hand, has high correlation with age in months, gender, educational attainment of mother, employment of mother and family size. Keywords: Anthropometry, dietary, nutritional status, nutritional assessment, descriptive design, Quirino, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Burnout Syndrome and Quality of Worklife Remedios D. Catamin West Visayas State University - Calinog Campus, Calinog, Iloilo, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Borneo

This descriptive-correlational study aimed to find out the burnout syndrome and quality of work life among the faculty of West Visayas State University Calinog Campus and to determine if there is a significant relationship between burnout and quality of work life. The respondents who were chosen through stratified sampling technique were the regular faculty members for 1st semester, of AY 2012-13. The data were obtained using validated questionnaires. The statistical tools utilized in this study were the frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, standard deviation, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s-r. The level of significance was set at 0.05 Alpha. The study revealed that the degree of burnout among faculty members was “high’; the respondents’ quality of work life was “very good” when they were categorized as to age, sex, civil status, income, academic rank, length of service and designation except for the respondents under Asst. Professor IV academic rank which was “good”; a significant correlation existed between burnout syndrome and quality of work life which points out that burnout affects quality of work life.

Proposed Blended Learning Model for Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University South La Union Campus (DMMMSU-SLUC) Agustin R. Veras Jr. averasjr@yahoo.com Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University South La Union Campus, Agoo, La Union, Philippines

Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Borneo

Blended Learning (BL) combines face-to-face and on-line learning. The study showed the contributions of the developed content management system using DRUPAL in a BL approach at DMMMSU-SLUC specifically at the College of Computer Science (CCS). Then a proposed model was developed as a guideline for the implementation of BL for campuses who wish to experiment on BL approach. The extent of readiness for the University, faculty and students was also sought. Professional Ethics in IT (CS 106), an undergraduate course, was delivered as BL uploaded to a webhost. The participants of the study were classified as the control group and the experimental group. A questionnaire was adopted and used. Frequency and mean was used to interpret data. Results showed that the institution is not ready for BL approach. Faculty members and students are ready for blended learning approach. The results of the final grades of the Experimental and Control groups using the mean grade is higher than that of the control groups indicating that learning took place. Findings showed that the experiment was effective as indicated by a higher mean of the experimental group. The institution needs attention on the implementation of BL. The University must adopt the Blended learning approach. Keywords: Information Technology, E-Learning, Blended Learning, traditional learning, experimental and control groups, CMS, DRUPAL, online and face-to-face, experimental design, La Union, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Keywords: Social Science, burnout,syndrome,quality,worklife,descriptive design, Iloilo, Philippines

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AgentDroid: A Remote Management and Monitoring System for Android Phones

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Melvin M. Niñal uc.mninal@gmail.com University of Cebu, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Borneo

Mobile phones are created for mobility, portability and convenience. Users deliberately store personal and work-related data in it. For many, it is considered a personal necessity. But what if this most important gadget gets lost or stolen? What will happen to the stored data? What techniques can be exerted in order to retrieve it? Over the years, there have been programs that deal with managing/monitoring mobile data and activities. Features include backing-up and restoring contacts, messages and files; finding out the exact location of the device; getting notification of a SIM card change. However, such features only work with Internet connectivity. Before an owner of a lost phone can start the process of retrieving, the gadget may have been reformatted since it is offline. The researcher proposed a system that helps increase the possibility of recovering the lost phone or its stored data. AgentDroid is a remote device locator, sim-card change monitor, data manager and backup/recovery system for android phones. Users can still retrieve location of the device, erase data, and monitor sim-card change activities and Internet connection. It involves web, android and SMS-based modules. Through this system, problems encountered in the existing applications are improved if not solved especially on the part of internet connectivity requirement. Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, remote management and monitoring, mobile technology, data recovery and security, Android phones, Cebu City, Philippines

Development of Intelligent Tutoring System in Computer Troubleshooting Subject using Microsoft Agent Betchie E. Aguinaldo betchie.aguinaldo@gmail.com Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 5:11 – 5:30 pm Venue: Borneo

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The study presented the development of Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) using Microsoft Agent in Computer Troubleshooting subject. It acts as a “Guru” outside class hours to enable students to further grasp and understand the concepts being taught in the classroom. The tutoring system that served as a supplementary educational tool, enabled students to practice and test their understanding outside lecture hours. Unlike numerous tutoring systems found in the market, the project closely followed the proper pedagogical teaching method and intelligence concept that emphasize on student understandings on the subject matter. The ITS was developed using Visual Basic and Microsoft agent which acts as an interface to communicate with the students. The researcher appropriately selected a Microsoft agent, an interactive animated character to provide series of steps in computer troubleshooting. Furthermore, the ITS consisted modules of computer troubleshooting subject. An assessment quiz was integrated for each module to test the lessons learned by the student. Performance, Information, Economy, Control, Efficiency and Services (PIECES) framework was used in the development of the ITS. Lastly, the author adapted El-Sheikh and Sticklen (1998) ITS architecture to ensure that each domain area such as expert, pedagogical, domain, student and communication model were integrated in the system. Keyword: Information Technology, Intelligent Tutoring System, Microsoft Agent, PIECES Framework, experimental design, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Graduate Interview Behavior Construct: An Empirical Analysis Vicente Salvador E. Montaño vicentemontano70@yahoo.com.ph University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Jade 1

Keywords: Business Management, interview behavior, factor, cluster analysis, graduate school, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

Communication Styles, Multiple Intelligences and Job Satisfaction of the SPED-Integrated School for Exceptional Children Graduates Vanessa Joy Z. Judith tazmarch3@yahoo.com Carlos Hilado Memorial State College - Alijis Campus Bacolod City, Philippines

Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Jade 1

This study aims to identify the communication styles, multiple intelligences, and job satisfaction of the graduates of SPED- Integrated School for Exceptional Children in Iloilo City, Philippines when taken as a whole and grouped according to certain variables. With the continuing search for effective approaches to educating “gifted” students the result of this study hopes to guide administrators in developing appropriate responses. The study utilized the descriptive research. Using researcher-made questionnaires the data were gathered from a sample population of 53% of the graduates of SPED-ISEC from 1978 - 1988 obtained through incidental sampling technique. Cronbach Alpha determined the reliability of questionnaires. The statistical measures used were the mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, Pearson’s r, and ANOVA. The level of significance was set at .05 as basis in accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis. Based on Howards Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, the study revealed the graduates as aggressive communicators, with varied intelligences and as satisfied with their jobs. Hence, the Administration of SPED-ISEC needs to conduct regular evaluation of the curricula to respond to the dynamic giftedness of each student. Likewise, teachers should have access to professional growth and updating on recent innovations in educating “gifted students.” Keywords: Special Education, graduates, Multiple Intelligences, communication styles, job satisfaction, descriptive design, Iloilo City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Despite vast research on college entrance interview, very little is known on the academic preparedness of student applicant in graduate school. A number of graduate schools in the country have conducted entrance interview. This is part of the screening process to determine the academic fitness of the applicant. This study was conducted based on the result of the entrance interview of student applicant in graduate school. The research determined through factor analysis two significant behaviors, academic directions and impressions, applicants exhibit during the interview. The indicators of for academic directions are focus, elaboration, clarity of response and preparation. Appearance, voice, introduction and poise are the indicators for impressions. Three significant clusters appear in the population analysis of applicants in graduate school. The first cluster demonstrates that 26 percent of students are low in academic directions and impressions. Second cluster revealed that 33 percent of graduate students are high in directions and impressions. Third cluster demonstrated that 40 percent have moderate level of academic directions and low impressions. The low academic directions and the difficulty to impress on the interviewer scholastic readiness, a third of graduate student are not academically prepared to take the challenges of the graduate course.

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Facebook Use and Adolescents’ Emotional States of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Leodoro J. Labrague leo7_ci@yahoo.com Samar State University, Samar, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Jade 1

Facebook (FB) has become an increasingly salient feature in peoples’ lives and a bastion in the current society with over 1 billion users worldwide - majority of them are college students. However, recent studies suggested that the use of Facebook may impact on individuals’ well-being. Thus, this paper aimed to explore the effects of Facebook on adolescents’ emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. A descriptivecorrelational research design utilizing student samples in a nursing program was used in this investigation. Facebook Intensity Scale (FIS) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were the instruments used in the investigation. Findings indicated a correlation coefficients of 0.11 (p = 0.3356), 0.07 (p = 0.5360), and 0.10 (p = 0.3769) between FIS and DASS scales. FB usage/hour correlated significantly with depression (r=0.2330, p=0.0414) and anxiety (r=0.2585, p=0.0232). Findings revealed that intensity of Facebook Use was not sufficiently linked to negative emotional states, however, number of hours devoted to FB did. Thus, parents should monitor and supervise online activities thru active parental involvement and constant communication. Moreover, the wide accessibility of Facebook would allow university administrators to identify students who would be at risk of developing negative emotional states. Keywords: Adolescent Health, Facebook, depression, Anxiety, stress, descriptive-correlational design, Samar, Philippines

Development and Assessment of Car Airconditioner Trainer Franklin A. Samonte franklinsamonte@gmail.com Isabela State University - Angadanan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Jade 1

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The necessity of laboratory equipment for quality instruction prompted the researcher to develop car airconditioned trainer. This study sought to: (1) assess trainer’s acceptability and validity in terms of its design, construction, functionality, safety and relevancy; (2) evaluate performance of experimental class with pretest and post-test results using the trainer; and (3) compare the model price with other car air-conditioning trainers. Using statistical mean, the model had satisfied, accepted and validated by respondents from three technical schools. Results per criteria “strongly agree” with the trainer; thus, it is essential tool, and set for use to facilitate actual learning experiences. Evaluation of experimental class using t-test showed significant difference with pre-test and post-test computed value compared with tabular value 1.714; hence, the model is effective tool for learning process. The developed trainer is more affordable, just eight percent (8%) of commercial trainer, a big savings without sacrificing quality of training for students. From the conclusion, larger size motor is recommended to drive compressor easily; electronic module to supplement the trainer should be developed relative to the demand of industry and TESDA standards; and instructors should be encouraged to develop trainers to enhance teaching and learning process. Keywords: Automotive Air-conditioning Technology, development and assessment, experimental design, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Passive Infrared (PIr) Activated Switch Device for Classrooms Neil C. Capricho neilcapricho@yahoo.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Jade 1 Automation is the use of machines, control systems and information technologies to optimize productivity and quality beyond the possible manual applications present in the society. Accordingly, there is a need for automation. The objective of this research was to design a passive infrared (PIr) activated switch device which can automate the operation of a conventional switch of three (3) light bulbs and one (1) electric fan in a classroom. The study sought to evaluate the level of efficiency of the PIr sensor’s functionality in terms of sensitivity in detecting motion or heat which activates the switch device automatically. The study utilized a two-phase method, namely: experimental development and descriptive assessment. A prototype of the device was constructed for experimentation and a validated researcher-made questionnaire consisted of three questions on sensor’s sensitivity and three questions on sensor’s operation was utilized. The device was evaluated by 30 purposively select raters comprising of administrators, faculty and computer and electronics engineering students. Findings showed that the device is sensitive enough to automatically trigger the switch component in a considerable amount of time. Further, the device exhibited high level of efficiency in terms of its functionality in the automation of a conventional switch.

* Best Abstract Awardee for Mathematics, Engineering and Technology

Optimum Instructional Engine Model: An Innovation Jimcel P. Pecaso jimcelpecaso@gmail.com Partido State University, Goa, Camarines Sur, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Jade 1 Inspired by the latest trends i n teaching automotive technology, t h e development and modification of an instructional engine model as teaching device supported by an operation manual will end up in an eminent automotive technology instructions. The primed questionnaire adopting the Likert five-point scale was applied in the conduct and evaluation of the study. In addition, data were treated using the t-test and weighted mean in an attempt to find out the result of students’ achievement and apparent acceptability as to the applicability, effectiveness and functionality of the improved teaching material. Experts in the automotive field established the acceptability of the teaching device with an over-all mean rating of 4.64. For the raters, the modified and improved instructional engine model is not only a teaching device but an effectual way of developing knowledge, enhancing creativeness. As accompanying method of increasing knowledge a n d manipulative performance of the trainee - shows the greater level of acceptability, the use of the improved instructional engine model was carefully accepted and put into practice the teaching of automotive technology. It was recommended in this review that researchers may engaged in a similar way of designing instructional machine to awaken the interest of the faculty for them to produce an improved teaching material for instructional purposes. Keywords: Automotive Technology, optimum, innovation, instructional engine model, evaluation, acceptability, descriptive design, Camarines Sur, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Keywords: ICT, infrared, switch, automation, sensors, passive infrared (PIr), descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

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Cognitive, Affective, and Physiological Responses as Predictors of Problem Solving Performance

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Marvin S. Daguplo daguplosdv@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Jade 1 Theories agree on the tenets that learning performance is explained by various variables. Specifically, mathematics problem solving is a complex process which requires every learner who is engaged in the task to apply different learning domains to be successful. This explains how individual learners’ cognitive, affective, and physical responses explain their learning performance. A total of 122 randomly education students from Southern Leyte State University were identified as respondents of this predictive cross-sectional study which aims to establish relationship between cognitive, affective, and physiological responses and performance in problem solving, and eventually, identify predictors of the latter. Descriptive analysis revealed that respondents performed at below average in problem solving. These respondents always experienced test-irrelevant thinking, and frequently experience tension, worry, and bodily symptoms. Further inferential analysis revealed that though tension, worry, test-irrelevant thinking, and bodily symptoms are significantly related to students’ below average performance in problem solving, only testirrelevant thinking, worry, and tension were identified as its predictors. The study concluded that students with high test-irrelevant thinking, worry, and tension perform lower in problem solving. Thus, programs that will help students manage tensions and worries well, and to avoid irrelevant thinking before, during, and even after the test are highly recommended. Keywords: Mathematics, problem solving, cognitive response, affective response, physiological response, descriptive design, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Creating the Tessellations of the Plane: An Interplay of Mathematics and Art Arlene D. Hortillosa arlenedh@yahoo.com.ph Western Visayas College of Science and Technology, La Paz, Iloilo City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Jade 1

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Students performance in mathematics can be improved if mathematics teachers expand their repertoire of teaching strategies so that they can prevent math phobia and be able to turn these ‘phobics’ into mathematics fans. This paper is written in the hope that mathematics may be appreciated and be made more interesting by relating it to artistic designs in the making of wall papers/carpets or tiling of the floor. Specifically, it investigated the different symmetries that can be employed to create wallpaper patterns or tessellations. Using the different transformations such as translations, rotations, reflections, and glide reflections or any combination in between, the author presented a guide and her own procedure on how to create a tessellation of the plane. The results revealed that there are only 17 types of plane symmetry patterns that can tessellate a plane. These can be classified by identifying their type of lattice, their generating region, their smallest angle of rotation, whether they possess reflections and/or glide reflections, and so on. In exploring the properties and characteristics of the said patterns, students may classify every wallpaper pattern as one of 17 types. With these, students can be taught a technique necessary to make their own designs and drawings and thereby develop or renew their appreciation of art and mathematics. Keywords: Mathematics, tessellation, tilling, symmetry, transformation, translation, rotation, reflection, glide reflection, wallpaper patterns, Iloilo City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Eleanor G. Garingan Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Jade 1

This research assessed the competency level of Literacy Training Service students in conducting tutorial literacy and numeracy from October to March 2012. It determined the existence of significant differences between competency level and respondents’ profile to improve and enhance the competency level of students in conducting tutorial literacy and numeracy. The study used the descriptive research design. Questionnaire, observations and interviews were used to gather information from the 30 respondents. Majority of Literacy Training Service students are females, 17 years old and taking up Bachelor of Secondary Education. The data were statistically analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, t-test, analysis of variance and mean percentages. Results revealed that Literacy Training Service students had an experience related to tutorial class. The level of competency along curriculum guide, teaching strategies, support instructional materials, human relations, time management, and classroom discipline and the overall competency level when they are grouped by profile is described as frequent. Teaching strategies, human relations, and classroom discipline is independent while the rest of the items are dependent on ethnicity of the respondents along curriculum guide, also on gender of the respondents along support instructional materials and on experience of the respondents along time management. There is a significant difference on curriculum guide, support instructional materials and time management and the respondents. Keywords: Education, competency, literacy, numeracy, tutorial, descriptive design, Quirino, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Competency Level of Literacy Training Service Students in Conducting Tutorial Literacy and Numeracy in Daycare Schools of Diffun, Quirino

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Online Discussion on the Academic Performance of the Internet Students

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Alexander Bucol University of Cebu - Lapulapu and Mandaue, Cebu, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Jade 1

The study determined the effectiveness of online discussion on the academic performance of the Internet students, University of Cebu-Lapulapu and Mandaue (UCLM). It further looked into their profile in terms of gender, age, parents’ occupation, combined family monthly income, intelligent quotient (IQ) and prelim grade in the Internet subject. The experimental design was used in deriving the scientific judgments. There were 30 respondents chosen among the 184 students enrolled in the Internet subject. The findings of the study revealed that in terms of academic performance, the respondents in the experimental group performed better than those in the control group. The mean scores of the pretest of the experimental and control groups differ by 0.1 in favor of the control group. The two groups have the same knowledge level. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the negligible difference between the mean posttest scores of the experimental and control groups has proven that the online discussion method is a good alternative in educating the students. A utilization scheme was recommended in order to enhance the skills of both teachers and students in facilitating the on-line discussion method. Although the theories of Seamans, Schlosser and Anderson, Horton, and Garrisonare not proven to replace the conventional teaching, such method is considered a good alternative in the teaching-learning process. Keywords: ICT, academic performance, Internet, expiremental design, Cebu City, Philippines

Students’ Academic Achievement as Influenced by Teachers’ Behavior in DepEd Secondary Schools Romie G. Benolaria romiebenz@gmail.com Ayungon National High School, Ayungon, Negros Oriental, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Jade 1

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The teachers’ behavior is a great determinant in obtaining a good academic achievement and effective teachers allow learners to discover/develop their full potentials. The study examined the influence of teachers’ behavior on the students’ academic achievement in secondary schools and focused on students’ evaluation of their teachers based on the five key behaviors of teachers. Data was analyzed using mean, percentages, ANOVA and Pearson-r with the aid of a statistical package. Findings showed that majority of teachers were between 31 to 40 years old, females, had units in Master’s degrees and 4–6 years teaching. Results revealed that teachers planned instructions appropriate for students and enhanced learner’s development. When it comes to engagement in the learning process, their teachers were friendly and approachable. Teacher experience and educational attainment were significant to teachers’ behavior on instructional varieties, task orientation, engagement and the student success rate. Correlation analysis revealed that teachers’ behavior and students’ academic achievement were positively correlated. It is recommended that teachers should finish graduate studies to improve efficiency in their profession and modify their behaviors to effect conducive learning. Keywords: Education, Teacher behavior, academic achievement, teachers’ behaviors, learner’s development, Students’ academic achievement, descriptive design, Negros Oriental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Cultural Recreation Practices of Mandaya Tribe in Cabaywa, Asuncion, Davao Del Norte Roque N. Langcoy II roque.langcoy.2@gmail.com University of Southeastern Philippines Tagum City, Davao, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Jade 2

Keywords: Social Science, cultural recreation practices, tribe, Davao City, Philippines

TAKUSA (Battered Husband): Their Tempestuous Experiences… Bernardo A. Zabala, Jr. zbernardojr@yahoo.com Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Cabanatuan City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Jade 2 Battered Husbands (TAKUSA or Takot SA Asawa) is unusual societal issue. An abused husband suffers the same emotional, verbal and physical abuse as that of a battered wife, but he is less likely to report these crimes to authorities. The study was conducted to divulge the actual scenario on the tempestuous experiences, psychosocial behavior, and coping mechanisms of the battered husband (TAKUSA).Qualitative type of research through case study approach was used. Ten select respondents, who met the criteria set by the researcher from among 120 recommended samples using purposive sampling, were considered in the study. The Third Congressional District of Nueva Ecija, Philippines that include Cabanatuan City, Palayan City, Bongabon, Laur, Gen. Natividad, Gabaldon and Santa Rosa was the study locale. Prior consent was established before the conduct of the study. Interviews, observations, and checklist were the main instruments. Results revealed that the respondents have varied lifestyles, tempestuous experiences, reactions, and coping mechanisms. It deduced that the battered husband has unfavorable self-esteem and social acceptability; manifestations of stress, anxiety and depression. It was recommended that psychological interventions, family counseling and development of intervention activities be conducted for battered husbands. Supportive network of relationships should also be established where they can express and discuss their problems. Keywords: Sociology, TAKUSA, descriptive design, Cabanatuan City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

This study was conducted in Barangay Cabaywa, Asuncion, Davao del Norte. Direct observation pointed that the tribe’s recreational activities have already contaminated with the other tribe practices. In-depth interview and focus group discussion were also endeavored in this study. It was found out that the member of the tribe has performed roles in recreational activities as an organizer, participant, and as spectator in times of the recreational activities. The reasons and forms were manifested in the celebration of the Sawit. The games and relays of the Mandaya is in the form of the following: children’s past time, adults’ leisure activities, recreational activities done with the nature, recreational activities with beast and insects and recreational activities common to other groups. The tribe values each cultural recreation practices like the use of horses and Bangayan in livelihood activity, inclusion of the Cultural Recreation Activities in the current Celebration like “Araw”. The threats of extinction and practice include religion, education, change of livelihood and promulgated laws. The tribe has aspired also to revive the cultural recreation practices through teaching the younger generation.

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Kinabuhi: Kultura at Wika sa Salin ng mga Kuwento ng Bukidnon

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Leonisa A. Impil leonisaimpil@yahoo.com Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Talisay City, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Jade 2 As indigenous peoples are forced to change their life ways, cultural knowledge and oral traditions are lost especially when the old ones are already dead. In the effort to preserve Bukidnon culture at Sitio Cabagtasan, Barangay Codcod, San Carlos City, Negros Occidental, the author finds ways to ensure that this cultural knowledge is preserved. This study is a translation from Binukidnon folk stories which is the source language (SL) into Filipino the target language (TL). Four kinds of folk stories had been collected and translated in Filipino such as: myths, legends, fables and parables. The main purpose of this study is to describe the different techniques and approaches in translating indigenous language and cultures of Bukidnon at Sitio Cabagtasan, Barangay Codcod, San Carlos City, Negros Occidental, Philippines. It analyzed the different aspects of indigenous cultures based on the translated folk stories such as economic, social, political and religious aspects. Based on the study, it strengthened the importance of translation in promoting and preserving indigenous language and culture in the Philippine literature. The translation of indigenous folk stories of Bukidnon in Negros Occidental is the gateway in preserving language and culture of Bukidnon that will be part of the Filipino literature. Keywords: Cultural Anthropology, kultura, wika, kwentong Bukidnon, descriptive design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Knowledge and Attitude on HIV and AIDS: Standpoint of College Students of the University of the Immaculate Conception Maribeth Q. Galindo beth_qg@yahoo.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Jade 2

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HIV/AIDS has been a global concern. According to UNAIDS, the Philippines is one of the seven countries in the world and the only country in Southeast Asia which reported an increasing trend in the number of people infected with HIV. Thus, this investigation determined the knowledge and attitude of the College Students of University of the Immaculate Conception on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This is a correlation study which examined whether their knowledge on HIV/AIDS has something to do with their attitude towards it. Based on the premise that the more informed a person is on matters related to HIV/AIDS, the more appropriate his or her attitude towards it is formed. Survey questionnaires were administered to 380 randomly selected college students of the University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines. Findings of the study revealed a high level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and a moderately positive attitude towards all the aspects involved in dealing with these health issues. Subjecting the data to Pearson r analysis, it was found that there is a significant moderate relationship between the knowledge and attitude on HIV/AIDS from the standpoint of the college students. Keywords: Health Education, knowledge, attitude, HIV/AIDS, descriptive correlational design, Davao City,Philippines * Best Abstract Awardee for Health Education

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Knowledge and Preventive Measures on Leptospirosis among Residents of Gravahan-Matina, Davao City Lucila T. Lupo lupolucila@yahoo.com Davao Doctors College, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Jade 2

Keywords: Health, knowledge, preventive measures, leptospirosis, flood-prone area, descriptive correlational design, Davao City, Philippines

Compliance to Prenatal Care among Mothers in Santa, Ilocos Sur Evelyn A. Claudio evelynclaudio11@yahoo.com University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Jade 2

This study aimed to determine the compliance to prenatal care among the 93 pregnant mothers from all the barangays in Santa, Ilocos Sur during calendar year 2012. This study utilized the descriptive-correlational method of research. The main instrument of this study is a questionnaire. The data gathered were treated and interpreted using frequency and percentage, mean and simple linear correlation analysis. Results of the study revealed that: 1) the level of awareness on the importance of prenatal care among the respondents is “Very High”; and 2) the level of compliance to prenatal care is “Low”. However, the level of compliance to prenatal care yielded a high significant relationship with the number of pregnancy, age of gestation in weeks, broadcast media and print media. Moreover, the distance from the residence of the respondents to the hospital showed an inverse significant relationship with the level of compliance to prenatal care. Keywords: Health Science, awareness, importance, compliance, pre-natal, descriptive-correlational design, Ilocos Sur, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Leptospirosis has been recognized as an emerging global public health problem because of its increasing incidence in both developing and developed countries, and mortality due to the disease remains significant. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge in terms of mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, complications, prevention and control of leptospirosis among residents of Gravahan-Matina, a flood-prone area in Davao City. Further, this study determined the preventive measures undertaken by these residents and assessed whether these measures can be attributed to their knowledge on the disease. The researcher used the descriptivecorrelation design and utilized 104 randomly selected residents to answer a validated 3-Part Survey Questionnaire. Pearson product moment coefficient of correlation was used to determine the relationship between the respondents’ knowledge on leptospirosis and their corresponding preventive measures. Chi-square test was utilized to assess the associations between the respondents’ demographic profile and their knowledge on leptospirosis, and their level of preventive measures. Findings of the study revealed that the respondents have average knowledge on leptospirosis but have high level of preventive measures against it. Further analysis indicated that there is a moderate significant relationship between the level of knowledge and preventive measures on leptospirosis.

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Education and Health Status Assessment: A Benchmark for Extension Project

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Clemente H. Cobilla kepoykentoy@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Jade 2 Education and Health are two of the most important aspects in man’s life. Literatures would support the claim that well educated people experience better health than the poorly educated one. Anchored on this premise, this descriptive-survey aimed to assess the education and health status of the residence of Maanyag Community at Southern Leyte Philippines as a point of reference for an extension project. Intensified data gathering through the use of unobtrusive observation, interview, researcher-made questionnaire, and focus group discussion were made to solicit real understanding on the education and health status of the community. Data analysis using frequency and percentages revealed that most of the residents in Barangay Maanyag were not able to finish elementary grades and families’ financial status can hardly sustain the education of children. It was further revealed that hygienic practices of residents were very poor. Households do not have toilets, no proper water systems, and no waste segregation program has been established. This reality reflects how less educated community greatly experiences poor health and sanitation practices. It is, therefore, recommended that proper health and sanitation trainings and workshops be implemented to increase level of health awareness and participation of the residents in Barangay Maanyag, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte. Keywords: Education, health, benchmarking, community hygienic practices, sanitation, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Students’ Geopathic Stress: Its Influence on their Work-Related Stress and On-the-Job Training Performance Jeremias L. Convocar jeremiasconvocar@yahoo.com West Visayas State University –Lambunao Campus,Lambunao,IloIlo, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Jade 2

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Geopathic Stress (GS) are negative energies which emanate from the earth and cause discomfort and ill-health to those living above the zone of radiation. The study determined the extent of perceived geopathic stress (GS) among 253 randomly selected fourth-year students of WVSU Lambunao Campus, Lambunao, Iloilo, Philippines and its influence on their work-related stress and on-the-job training (OJT) performance. The descriptive-correlational research utilized the published Banis (2005) Biomedicine GS Questionnaire, and Jacobs (2010) Signs of GS; the Schanert’s Stress Test (1981, in Abioda, 1993), and students’ final ratings in their OJT. Statistical tools utilized were percentage, mean, standard deviation, the One-Way Analysis of Variance, and Pearson’s r set at .05 alpha. The study revealed that 14.00% of the college students of WVSU Lambunao Campus had “few feelings” of GS, 32.40% had “some strong feelings” of GS; 39.20% had “substantial” GS feelings; and 14.40% were “experiencing” GS. Generally, they had “fair” work-related stress regardless of their course and level of GS and “outstanding” performance in OJT. However, when grouped as to their course, the Teacher Education and Information Technology had “highly outstanding performance”; the Criminology and Industrial Technology had “outstanding” performance; and Management had “very good” performance. Positive and significant relationship was found between work-related stress and OJT performance. Hence, a positive amount of stress resulted to better job performance, though severe or prolonged stress may cause devastating effects to the health and work performance. Keywords: Social Science, geopathic stress, work-related stress, OJT performance, students, sescriptive-Correlational, Iloilo, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Attitude and Compliance to Newborn Screening among Mothers in Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur, Philippines Julieta T. Guinid julietaguinid@yahoo.com University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Jade 2

Keywords: Social Pediatrics, Health, awareness, attitude, compliance, newborn screening, descriptive design, Ilocos Sur, Philippines

Teaching Competence and Personality Traits of Instructors and Their Relationship to Students’ Academic Performance Ruby D. Causing viaacausing@ymail.com John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation, Bacolod City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Jade 2

This descriptive-correlational study investigated the teaching competence and personality traits of JBLFMU instructors and their relationship to students’ academic performance. The study involved 141 maritime professional instructors and 387 maritime students. Academic performance was measured by the grades of students in their professional subjects. A two-part self-made questionnaire was utilized in this study having the teaching competence and personality traits of instructors respectively. Data revealed a high level of teaching competence among the professional instructors, both by their self-assessment and as assessed by their students when indicators were taken together. The level of academic performance of students was average. Significant differences in the teaching competence of instructors were observed in students’ assessment but not on the instructors’ assessment and also noted between the instructors’ and students’ assessment on teaching competence and personality traits. However, teaching competence of instructors is significantly related to their personality traits. Conclusions were made that deck instructors were more competent than engine instructors. Students have moderately mastered competences of their course and their academic performance is influenced by the personality traits of the instructors. Keywords: Social Science, teaching competence, personality traits, academic performance, descriptivecorrelational design, Bacolod City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

The study determined the level of awareness, attitude and compliance to newborn screening among mothers in Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur during the calendar year 2012. The respondents of the study were the 95 mothers who had normal deliveries at the Rural Health Unit from January to December 2011. The descriptive correlational method of research was used. The questionnaire –checklist was as the primary tool in gathering the needed data in the study. The data gathered were treated statistically. The study revealed a” high” level of awareness on NBS among the respondents. As a whole, on the socio-demographic profile, occupation yielded a high significant relationship with the level of awareness, attitude and compliance to NBS. On obstetrical history, as a whole, gravidity and parity showed a significant relationship with the level of awareness, attitude and compliance. On source of information, as a whole all the variables did not yield a significant relationship with the level of awareness, attitude and compliance to NBS. As a whole, a high significant relationship existed between the level of awareness of the respondents and their attitude and compliance to NBS.

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Status of Technical Vocational Institutions in Iligan City and Lanao del Norte, Philippines Marcipina D. Aguisanda maraguisanda@gmail.com Consolacion Community College, Consolacion, Cebu, Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Jade 2

Technical vocational education and training (TVET) in the Philippines is a non-degree program that is an alternative for blue-collar jobs employment. It is a potent factor to improve the Filipinos’ quality of life that government should be aware of the relevance of skills to commensurate their share to economic progress. This study assessed the status and profile of the respondents, and the problems encountered by TVET institutions in Iligan City and Lanao del Norte, Philippines. Descriptive research design was used and a researcher-made questionnaire was administered to gather, analyze and interpret data from 42 administrators and 172 faculty members from 21 TVET institutions. The study revealed that infrastructure of TVET institutions was functional for instructional purposes but these cannot meet the global standards. The management of TVET institutions should find ways and means to intervene problems on linkages with industries, low morale of teachers due to low salaries, and the problems on decreasing enrolment.It is concluded that TVET institutions underwent several problems on instruction and moderately serious problems in infrastructure and management. It is highly recommended that faculty should have trade skills eligibility and should take training programs such as Assessment Management, Teaching Methodology, Assessor’s Qualification, and Teaching Qualification. Keywords: Education, TVET, vocational, technical, TESDA, Philippines, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

Information Technology Funding in Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines Dave E. Marcial demarcial@su.edu.ph Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Philippines

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Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Jade 2

Information technology (IT) funding impacts the opportunities of the group as well as the opportunities of the entire organization. IT funding is among the topten IT issues in higher education institutions nowadays. This paper measured empirically the level of prioritization and degree of implementation of IT funding in higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines. A total of 95 HEIs in the Philippines were evaluated. The respondents are all heads in the Management Information Technology units. A survey questionnaire was utilized that was based on the critical questions from EDUCAUSE. The study revealed that the level of prioritization of IT funding in the Philippine HEIs is high but the degree of implementation is moderate. The study showed that there is a significant positive relationship between degree of implementation of IT funding and level of technical skills possessed by the respondents. The study concluded that there is a remarkable gap between the level of prioritization and degree of implementation of IT funding in these institutions. Keywords: IT in Education, IT Funding, descriptive design, Dumaguete City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

The Tri-People’s Characteristics and the Tri-people’s Dynamics of Humanization Alex D. Niez adniez02@yahoo.com Cor Jesu College, Digos, Davao del Sur, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Jade 3

Keywords: Social Science, dynamics of humanization, Tri-people, Multiple Regression Analysis, descriptive design, Davao del Sur, Philippines

Davao City Disaster Preparedness Adrian M. Tamayo dagnytamayo@yahoo.com University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Jade 3

Expectations played very significantly in disaster mitigation. Mindanao long claimed that it is a typhoon-free island until its provinces and municipalities hit hard by Sendong in 2011 and Pablo in 2012. This study was conducted to determine the psychographic readiness of the Dabawenyos during disasters. A total of 1400 individuals participated in the study. Using cross-tabulation, it was revealed that Davao is a disaster-prepared city. With its public safety office led by the local government unit, more than half of the respondents are ready for any disasters such as typhoon, earthquake, fire, strong winds and waves. But the City is far more prepared to climate-change related disasters than man-made ones. Two most important elements in disaster mitigation are emergency vehicles and the first-responders of which Davao’s readiness are 83.19% and 82.10%, respectively. The leaders are also seen to be very ready to dispatch rescue, rehabilitation. The City Chief and village leaders’ readiness ranges from 74%-92%. During disasters, Dabawenyos would ask from their village chief for help, rescue and even enlist help. The people’s readiness is primarily determined by the leadership of the government officials through effective use of resources to reduce impacts of disasters. Keywords: Social Science, disaster, people’s psychographic, preparedness, cross-tabulation, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

The Tri-people’s condition has always revealed itself to be a struggle between humanization and dehumanization. Ideally, each collective self-identity of the Tri-people is a means of humanization which exorcises the dehumanizing attitudes of mutual distrust and appropriations of reciprocal uneasy relationships, and negative images. Thus, this study determined the Tri-people’s characteristics that influence the Tri-people’s dynamics of humanization. This was conducted among the 1,338 Tri-people in the two districts of Davao del Sur. Data were gathered through survey questionnaires and analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis. Results from the analysis revealed that nine out of the 12 Tri-people’s characteristic variables; namely, religious missions, political organizations, formal education, beliefs and practices, social organizations, religious affiliation, community integration, social movements and ancestral domain claims were significantly related to the Tri-people’s dynamics of humanization. This implies that these were the best explanatory variables of the Tri-people’s characteristics that can significantly influence the Tri-people’s dynamics of humanization. Based on the findings of the study, it was then recommended that the identified nine variables of the Tri-people’s characteristics that had influenced the Tri-people’s dynamics of humanization must be made themes or areas for peace education in either formal or informal studies of all educational levels.

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Environment and Energy: A Public Opinion Survey in Davao City, Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Maian J. Cozo maiancozo@gmail.com Institute of Popular Opinion, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Jade 3 For the past decades, the environment and its relevant issues are becoming the greatest concern of most countries. Thus, Government and International Non-government Organizations exert much of their efforts in promoting awareness of environmental protection and preservation to the people. Last April 2012, one month after the celebration of Earth Hour, a citywide poll survey was conducted to determine the degree to which the Dabawenyos worry about environmental problems. A total of 1200 respondents aged 18 years old and above was derived using the systematic sampling at 95% confidence interval, and proportionate sampling distribution was done for each of the three districts to establish representativeness with the population of the City. The results suggested that Dabawenyos are greatly worried about global warming (92%), deforestation and urban flooding (88%), and energy crisis. They considered these as the alarming environmental problems in the City today. They are more favorable to environmentally friendly solutions in addressing the City’s energy problem. The government should put greater emphasis on the development of renewable energy (96%). The degree of concerns and emphasis on environmental protection of the community can be directly equated to the traumatic environmental phenomena that happened in the City. Keywords: Social Science, environment, energy, poll survey, renewable energy, descriptive design, Philippines

TQM Capability and Performance Effectiveness of the Dean and the Program Heads of the College of Business of Holy Cross of Davao College Luzviminda Ates luzates_2007@yahoo.com.ph Holy Cross of Davao College, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Jade 3

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Due to a complex and rapidly changing environment, the advent of information technology and increasing level of competition, organizations are expected to produce better quality products and services. To make the TQM program and plans effective, the head/administrator and the top managers must be involved. This study therefore assessed the capability and performance effectiveness of academic heads of the College of Business and of Holy Cross of Davao College. Descriptive research method was used to explain the data gathered from the questionnaires distributed to the respondents. The study revealed that: 1) the dean and the program heads exercised effective management; 2) the dean and the program heads exercised their TQM skills to a great extent; 3) TQM practices were highly practiced by the dean and the program heads; 4) they are highly effective in working on the school’s mission and are highly efficient in utilizing its financial, physical and human resources; 5) the school existence is perceived to be relevant and its financial viability is high; 6) there is significant relationship among the performance effectiveness, leadership traits, TQM skills and TQM practices; and 7) the leadership traits, TQM skills and TQM practices of the dean and the program heads greatly influenced the performance effectiveness. Keywords: Social Science, Total Quality Management, performance effectiveness, deans, program heads,descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Conflict Management Styles of Secondary School Administrators in Cagayan Wilma P. Azurin wilma_azurin@yahoo.com Cagayan State University - Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Jade 3

Keywords: Social Science, conflict management styles, descriptive design, Tuguegarao City, Philippines

Local and Regional Economic Development in G. del Pilar, Ilocos Sur: A Smart Practice in Good Governance Ferdinand J. Lamarca pio_lamarca@yahoo.com University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Jade 3 In G. Del Pilar, Ilocos Sur,there is one practice to improve local economy that is being tried out. This is known as Local and Regional Economic Development. Generally, the study identified the burning economic issues and the interventions to address them. As methodology, rapid economic appraisal was done. Twelve resource persons and 32 representatives from business sector participated in the appraisal. Their perception was triangulated with focused group discussion and documentary analysis. The results were presented to them for validation. They prepared the action plan themselves. The top burning issue impeding local economy is limited capital. The stakeholders proposed the grant of additional capital for cooperatives to lend to manufacturers. When monitoring was conducted,it was reported that funds will be released by March 2013. The second obstacle to economic growth is inadequate market for products. During the monitoring, it was found out that products were displayed in Dagupan City. Moreover, two additional outlets were created in Candon City and another in Manila. This is a case of participatory governance. Keywords: Social Science, participatory governance and local economy, descriptive design, Vigan City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

The study generally assessed the conflict management styles of school administrators in the public secondary schools in the Province of Cagayan. It explored the dominant conflict management style utilized by the school administrators. It examined the differences between the assessments of school administrators and teachers on the extent the sources of conflicts are met in the school. It likewise explored the differences between the assessment of the former and the latter on the extent the conflict management styles as exhibited by the school administrators. It further explored the differences between the conflict management styles and profile variables of the school administrators. The respondents of the study were 45 school administrators and 225 teachers. Administrators in the Secondary Education Institutions in the Province of Cagayan are predominantly in their late golden years, males, married, Roman Catholics, have professional advancement, have attended national, regional and division trainings for the past 3 years and have spent quite long years in teaching prior to administrative positions. The conflict management styles of secondary administrators are greatly dependent on the source/nature of conflicts and identities of people in the educational environment. Solution-oriented style of conflict management is more likely to be utilized by more dynamic and democratic secondary administrators.

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Boolean Function Synthesizer: An Interactive Software, a Computer Aided Tool

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Analou S. Cag-ong University of Cebu - Lapulapu and Mandaue, Cebu, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Jade 3

The study was conducted to propose new interactive software in Boolean Algebra for Asian College of Technology (ACT). The use of Boolean Function Synthesizer software technology is introduced as learning tool for the college students. It helps the students understand better the subject and appreciate the importance of Computer-aided Instruction tool being used in the classroom discussions. The researcher utilized the constructive-normative-experimental method of research. The level of understanding of the freshmen students in Boolean Algebra were analyzed using the weighted mean. The weighted mean was also used to know the general acceptability level of the Boolean Function Synthesizer software technology as perceived by experts based on the Standardized Software Testing Procedures. It was found out that majority of the first year students taking up Boolean Algebra at Asian College of Technology have difficulty in understanding the subject matter. The use of Boolean Function Synthesizer software technology increased from not satisfactory to highly satisfactory. Hence, the researcher concluded that the Boolean Function Synthesizer Software is effective as a computer aided instruction tool. It was highly recommended that the new interactive software for first year students which was developed as output of this study be implemented at Asian College of Technology starting First Semester school year 2007-2008. Boolean Function in Boolean Algebra followed an age old theories, laws, and procedures thus maintainability of the proposed software would not be a problem. The proponent believed that the proposed software had the capability to go forward to meet varying necessities of the study as it was developed using an object-oriented tool. Keywords: Information Technology, Boolean Function Synthesizer, software, computer-aided tool, constructive-normative experimental design, Cebu City, Philippines

Factors Affecting the Implementation of Web-SMS Teaching Tool in a Technology Deprived Academic Institution Betchie E. Aguinaldo betchie.aguinaldo@gmail.com Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Jade 3

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Technological advancement in the field of education continuously evolved in the teaching and learning process in every academic institution. Evolvement is not only experienced through technical equipment but also in the delivery of learning. Distance learning has been transformed to online learning, which is also referred to as electronic learning. In the 21st century, mobile learning has been integrated in the teaching learning due to portability and accessibility of mobile phones. This study investigated how factors essential to software development affect the implementation of web-sms (short messaging system) teaching tool in a technology deprived academic institution. The author made use of descriptive design to discuss how factors affect the actual usage of web-sms teaching tool. The tool was implemented to 45 first year students for the whole semester. Questionnaire for socio-economic profile was developed based on National Statistics Office data and was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Technological accessibility was assessed using logged file of the tool. Only 56% of the students used the tool in the initial implementation, while 87% of the students used the tool in the last day of implementation. It is recommended that the findings be used in the continuous development and appropriate implementation of the tool. Keyword: Information Technology, Web-Short Messaging System Technology, factors, development, descriptive design, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Explosion Locator using Artificial Neural Network Leah A. Alindayo leah_alex@yahoo.com.ph St. Peter’s College, Iligan City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Jade 3

Keywords: Mathematics, ANN, network sensor, Levenberg-Marquardt, Iligan City, Philippines

Development of Modules as Instructional Materials in Teaching High School Statistics Rey C. Naval Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Jade 3

This study was designed to create instructional materials, self-learning and user-friendly kits, that will assist students to understand Statistics better and can be used anytime, anywhere and verify if the target group would gain Mean Percentage Scores (MPS) when the materials were utilized in the teaching-learning process. This study is important since it would, in one way or another, alleviate the problem of shortage of instructional materials in most secondary schools. More importantly, a new technique would hopefully motivate the students to study further and assimilate the concepts imparted to them by their mentors. The study utilized questionnaires that underwent several processes to provide with refined modules in High School Statistics. The data gathered were then tabulated and statistically treated using mean, weighted mean, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and t-test. These were analyzed and interpreted. The modules are acceptable to the experts and found to be effective as confirmed by the significant differences on the pre-test and post-test MPS of the target group when the modules were utilized as instructional materials in the teaching-learning process. Keywords: Education, development, instructional materials, teaching, descriptive design, Quirino, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

The Explosion Locator using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has emerged as an important research area, because it can increase situational awareness in different scenarios. Network of sensors with artificial intelligence such as artificial neural network shows a promising approach towards efficient system response. In this study, network of sensors was carefully placed in a location to efficiently gather needed data. The data gathered from these three sensors were fed to ANN for training. A two layer feed-forward backpropagation neural networks were designed to implement the functional relationship. A training algorithm based on Levenberg-Marquardt was used. During the training, important parameters such as number of epochs, network weights and biases, number of hidden neurons, number of vectors, number of inputs and training algorithm were varied. This study, the training stops at cross validation and test error increased for 30 iterations, which occur at iteration 36. The final mean square is small, both the test error and the validation set error have almost similar characteristics. The fit is almost perfect for train, testing and cross-validation data over 0.9999 for the total response of accuracy through % error with the maximum of 0.067731 were achieved. The result showed that the network is trained.

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Cognitive Theory on Nursing Students’ Writing Proficiency

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Mencho A. Montezon mamontezon@yahoo.com University of Cebu, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Jade 3

The study aimed to analyzed the writing proficiency level of the freshman nursing students using the cognitive approach. It purported to answer the pre and post-writing proficiency levels of the students, their significant difference in terms of content, structure, and mechanics, and the instructional program that can be designed to improve the students writing proficiency. It utilized the quasi-experimental design, particularly the pre test-post-test control group design. The respondents were the first year nursing students at the University of Cebu-Banilad Campus, Cebu City. The rating scale used for the evaluation of the pre and post-written compositions was adapted from the criteria used by Barrientos (1997). Respondents wrote one pre and postwritten composition and indicated their difficulties in the writing process. Outputs were then collected and rated. The pre-test profile revealed an average performance level on content and structure and below average performance in the mechanics; the post-test indicated an above average performance in content, structure and mechanics of writing; therefore, there was a significant pre-post mean gain in the performance of the students. In conclusion, the writing performance of the students significantly increased after they were taught the fundamentals of writing using the cognitive theory approach. Keywords: Language and Communication, Cognitive Theory; writing Proficiency, Quasi-experimental design, Cebu City, Philippines

Utilizing Appropriate Strategies towards Metacognitive Teaching and Learning Filipino Language for Foreign Students Joey M. Villanueva jmvtotskie@yahoo.com Nueva Vizcaya State University, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Jade 3

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As provided in Article XIV, Section 6 of the Philippine Constitution, “The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system”. In relation to such provision, this research was conceptualized focusing on the impact of social context on the use of appropriate approaches or strategies for teaching and learning Filipino Language to foreign students. Qualitative research design was utilized to specifically determine the appropriateness and effectiveness of the strategies for teaching. The study was conducted in the Nueva Vizcaya State University in Northern Philippines from January-March, 2011. The two members of the Peace Corps Volunteer were the source of respondents. Triangulation method was used wherein observations, interviews and answering questionnaires like the Language Learning Skills and the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning were accomplished to determine the intelligence level of the learners in reading, listening, speaking and vocabulary skills. As a result, it was found out that the strategies for teaching were appropriately and effectively utilized resulting to a more significant and meaningful learning experiences of the two foreign Filipino Language learners. Keywords: Social Science, strategies, metacognitive teaching, learning, Filipino language, descriptive design, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Implementation Status of Public Libraries’ Enabling Laws: The Cagayan-Iligan Corridor and Misamis Oriental Experiences Gaudencio M. Alaya-ay, Jr. gaudenciojr.alayaay@yahoo.com.ph St. Peter’s College, Iligan City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Mindanao

Keywords: Social Science,public libraries, implementation status, descriptive design, Iligan City, Philippines

Tirad Pass: A Historic Landscape of National Identity in a Modern Philippines Jimmy R. Soria unp_veep@yahoo.com University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Mindanao This article examines and presents a history of a renowned landmark, the Tirad Pass, located in the vast mountain ranges of northern Luzon. The study was conducted for historical emphasis which is considered necessary for more objective comprehension among the present generation. Photos and documentations were used in focus group discussion; qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the findings of the study. Findings revealed that the place is a steep slope with natural barricade of rocks that its geographic character would be of advantage to anybody who uses it. The escape of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo from Bulacan all the way to Ilocos Sur led him to consider going northeast towards the Cordillera via the Tirad Pass upon the advice of Gen. Del Pilar as the Americans started to deploy their troops along the Ilocos Coast for a total blockade, giving them more chances to be ensnared. It is concluded that Tirad Pass influenced the country’s history and the cooperation of the people is an element in the preservation of this historic landmark. Recommendations, among others, were centered on the drafting of a Sustainable Development Plan for Tirad Pass being a historical site as well as a tourist destination. Keywords: History, Tirad Pass, descriptive research, Vigan City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

It is a national policy to promote the holistic well-being of the Filipinos by elevating the literacy level and recognizing the vital role of knowledge and information in nation-building by establishing public libraries in every congressional district, city and municipality, and reading centers in every barangay. This led the researcher to assess the implementation of the Public Libraries’ Enabling Laws; the R.A. 7160, R.A. 7743, and R.A. 9246, which are all focused on the establishment and operations throughout the country. The study was conducted in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Misamis Oriental in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. The main thrust was directly to find out the present status based on the Minimum Standards for Public Libraries. A researcher-made instrument was used in gathering data. The results revealed that both cities and municipalities did not fully accord the prescribed standards specifically on staff qualifications, annual budget, collections, physical facilities, and services. The results of the said assessment can be utilized as administrative guides in planning the goals for development, setting directions for the future, and revitalizing public libraries to meet the demands and realities of the present society for peace and progress of the 21st century.

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Work Attributes and Values of the Graduating Students of Business, Economics and Accountancy of La Salle University, Ozamiz City, Philippines: Basis for Curriculum Improvement

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Cristilyn P. Yting tlyn712yting@yahoo.com La Salle University, Ozamis City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Mindanao

Considering La Salle University’s mission to provide quality education to its students, the researcher conducted a study that assessed the work attributes and values of the graduating students of the Colleges of Business, Economics and Accountancy. In assessing their work values and attributes, the researcher would be able to determine whether these attributes and values would make these prospective graduates employable in the outside world or these attributes and values mentioned would help them to hurdle the challenges of entrepreneurship. The study was limited to 147 graduating students of the colleges under study that served as respondents in this descriptive research. The questionnaires were developed by the researcher. These went a pilot test with select students from a school in the university with .951 and .926 reliability rates. Results showed that learning skill was the most prevalent work attribute, seconded by listening and interpersonal skill and leadership and influences skill. Responsibility was the dominant work values seconded by honesty and integrity. Therefore, the graduating students of the colleges under study, possessed work attributes and values that the industry may consider for employment or entrepreneurship. Keywords: Social Science, work attributes values, curriculum improvement, descriptive design, Ozamis City, Philippines

Quality Assessment of Locally Sold Vinegar Susana P. Racadio susanracadio2009@yahoo.com University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Mindanao

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This study focused on the quality assessment of locally sold vinegar in terms of pH and % acetic acid. The vinegar samples were bought from the markets of San Ildefonso, Sto. Domingo, Vigan, Narvacan and Sta. Maria. Two commercial vinegar, Datu Puti and del Monte, were also tested. Results of the study showed that the pH of the locally sold vinegar samples range from 2.91- 3.48 and Datu Puti and Del Monte are both 2.3 which means that these samples are within the allowable pH range for vinegars. So, as far as pH is concerned, the vinegar samples collected from different municipalities of Ilocos Sur and tested adhered to the required pH of commercial vinegar which is roughly around 2.4-3.4. It was further found out that the per cent acetic acid of the vinegar samples range from 5.35 to 7.74% and the commercial vinegars, Datu Puti and Del Monte showed a per cent acetic acid content of 5.97 and 5.49, respectively. This implies that the vinegar samples sold locally in Ilocos Sur conform to the standard % acetic acid of unadulterated vinegar which is from 5-10% acetic acid. Keywords: Science, quality assessment, locally sold vinegars, experimental design, Vigan City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Reproductive biology and mass production of Pseudodiaptomus annandalie Sewell (Copepoda: Calanoida) Romeo D. Caturao rcaturao_49@yahoo.com.ph University of Antique -Tario-Lim Memoral Campus, Antique, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Mindanao

Production of Organic Folial Fertilizer (Araches pintoi) Romecita R. Rosolada citaroze@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University -Hinunangan Campus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:51 – 3:10 pm Venue: Mindanao This project generally aimed to produce organic foliar fertilizer at low cost but with higher nutrients availability for plant growth and development. Specifically, it aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Arachis pintoi extract as supplement organic foliar fertilizer on horticultural and postharvest responses of tomato. The results showed that plants applied with foliar organic fertilizer Arachis pintoi extract performed better in terms of horticultural, yield, and fruit quality and were found to be taller and had higher harvest index (HI), bigger- sized fruit, better tasting and have higher general acceptability than other treatments. Plants that were applied with A. pintoi extract also took fewer days to reach flowering stage. The tested plants also produced fruits that were available for harvest for a long period of time. Furthermore, fruits took more days to reach full ripening stage, thereby considerably delaying to lose their firmness, and reach 50 percent deterioration. Additionally, they had higher pH, total soluble solids, total fruit sugar, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid but lower lycopene content. Tomatoes grown using A. pintoi extract gave higher profit compared with other fertilizer treatments. A. pintoi can serve as viable alternative for commercially available organic foliar fertilizers in increasing the profit. Keywords: Science, organic foliar fertilizer, Arachis pintoi, experimental, Southern Leyte, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Due to expensive microparticulate diets for marine fish larvae, mariculture systems shifted to alternative live feeds. P. annandalie is recommended as alternative larval feed;however, field collection is unreliable because the quantity required is variable in nature. This study examined the reproductive biology and mass production of P. annandalie. The reproductive biology was characterized by egg,nauplii, copepodite and total abundances,and fecundity through feeding various locally available microalgal speciesand at different salinity levels. Suitability of species to milkfish larvae, scaling up for mass production, and cost and returns analysis of feeding with Artemia and rotifers were studied. Except forscaling up,all experiments were conducted in complete randomized design and data were analyzed by ANOVA at 0.05 alpha using SPSS. Results showed that reproductive biology of P. annandalie is better enhanced by Chaetoceros calcitrans cultured for 20 days at lower salinity (20 ppt). On the other hand, P. annandalie was a suitable live feed for milkfish larvae compared with Artemia, Brachionus and frozen copepods. Scale-up and mass production was possible through a multi-step method. The cost of feeding P. annandalie is lower compared withother feed given. Nutritional studies should be explored to improve fecundity of this species. Keywords: Biology, Pseudodiaptomus annandalie, reproductive biology and mass production, cost and returns, experimental design, Antique, Philippines

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Significant Cave Resources in Select Municipalities of Bohol, Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Reizl P. Jose gzl_4@yahoo.com Bohol Island State University - Bilar Campus, Bohol, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Mindanao Bohol Island is known to have many caves. These are important roosting areas for some animals. These caves have been exploited for mining, guano, swiftlet and speleothem extraction. There is a need to assess the significant resources of caves in Bohol. The survey showed that most of the caves were in horizontal positions and dry. The forests around the caves were categorized as timberland except for Salazar and Batungay, considered as unclassified public forest. Moreover, the existing land use patterns commonly observed include reforestation, logging, grazing/pasture, mixture of plantations and settlement areas. Of the five caves, Salazar Cave was found to have the longest length while Dakong Buho Cave has the widest measurements taken. Most of the speleothems observed were stalactites, stalagmites, draperies and rock boulders. Further, the natural features that include the flora and fauna (both vertebrates and invertebrates) were recorded. Their presence provides significance to the health of the cave. Caves of Salazar and Batungay were observed to have the highest disturbances wherein excavation of rock phosphate mining and tourism were evident. The improper management posed threats and problems to the resources of the cave. Hence, an urgent protection and conservation is recommended. Keywords: Environmental Management, conservation, descriptive design, Bohol, Philippines

Sewerage Treatment Plant Facilities: Response to Environmental Policies and Enhancement of Social Responsibility Cicero D. Ortizo cdojblfmu@yahoo.com John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University Molo, Iloilo City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Mindanao

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This study was designed to respond to the call of environmental friendly project and to provide environmental protection and enhancement of social responsibility of university towards deteriorating condition of mother Earth. It utilized quantitative-qualitative mode of data collection, where the students and instructors were allowed to evaluate quantitatively the importance of this project towards the realization of “Adherence to Changes in the Maritime Environment Regulatory Requirements” and “Corporate Responsibility” as stated in the JBLFMU’s Seven Point Agenda. Results of this study presented the lessons learned in terms of the following: (1) sewage treatment scheme: environmental response, and (2) enhancement of social responsibility towards the protection of mother Earth. Keywords: Environmental Science, sewerage treatment, plant facilities, environmental policies, descriptive design, Iloilo City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Crab Gill Netting in Municipal Waters of Binalbagan, Negros Occidental, Philippines: A Management Option Vivian D. Gayosa Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Mindanao

Electronic Literacy Level and Attitude of Teachers at Capiz State University, Roxas City Annie V. Reyes annie.reyes25@yahoo.com Capiz State University, Roxas City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Mindanao

The study was conducted to determine the electronic literacy level and attitude of the teachers as a whole and when grouped according to their profile in terms of computer, information, multimedia, and computermediated communication literacy; to find out if there is a significant difference in the level of electronic literacy and attitude of the respondents when respondents are grouped into their profile; and to find out if there is a relationship between the attitude and their level of literacy. Majority or 52.8 % of the respondents were female, aged 46-60 years old with an academic rank of associate professor and mostly married. Findings of the study revealed that the teachers have an average level and have a favorable attitude towards electronic literacy. However, there are significant differences when grouped into age and academic rank. Keywords: Social Science, electronic literacy, attitude, level of electronic literacy,teachers, descriptive design, Roxas City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Crabbing as one lucrative industry of the fish sector is a multi-gear fishery activity. However, the major crab fishing gears are the entangling nets and the crab pot. The huge demand for export triggers massive development of crab fisheries. In areas where crab meat processing plants are established, fishers are lured into crabbing because of high prices. When the importance of crab resource is significant contributor to the economy of the country, information about crab industry is in itself a scarce resource. The descriptive study that utilized a researcher-made instrument; it summarized the data using the descriptive statistics to develop a baseline on crab gill net fisheries in the municipality of Binalbagan. Of great deal is the open access system that contributed much to the declined crab resource. Overharvesting is an issue that needs attention. Types of overfishing practiced biological, recruitment, economic and Malthusian. The findings of this study have implication to the sustainability of the crab fishery. The boom of the industry, market demand for crabs and the increasing rate of exploitation determine the crab resource depletion and will further determine the life span of the industry. A more robust community-based resource management is offered for future management decisions. Keywords: Aquaculture, crab gill net fishery, overfishing, descriptive design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

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Comparison of Science Textbooks for Public Schools in Japan and the Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Fernan P. Tupas tupas_fernan1374@yahoo.com.ph Ajuy National High School, Ajuy, Iloilo, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Mindanao

The study compared science textbooks used in elementary and secondary education in Japan and the Philippines. It was found that textbooks in Japan are thinner than those in the Philippines, which are written in English with monochromic printing except for their covers. Japanese science textbooks are written in Japanese, have colorful illustrations, and cover similar topics such as matter, phenomena, energy, living things and natural considerations. However, the sequences of the lessons are different. The authors also identified a number of considerations specific to each country such as people, electronics and seasons. Japanese students receive new textbooks every school year, and can take them home. In the Philippines, the Department of Education (DepEd) endeavors to distribute science textbooks free of charge to students across the entire archipelago, although most students still have to borrow them from classmates. Philippine textbooks are also recycled, and cannot be taken home. Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) verifies the accuracy of textbook content before distributing them to schools. To ensure error-free textbooks for basic education, the DepEd has recently adopted a new textbook evaluation system. Keywords: Social Sciences, science Textbooks, Science Education Curriculum, public schools, Japan, Iloilo, Philippines

Reflective Journal Writing as a Self -learning Strategy Virginia M. Valdez Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Mindanao

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The study was about reflective journal writing as a self-learning strategy of the second year education students of Southern Leyte State University-Tomas Oppus enrolled in the first semester of school year 20072008. Specifically, the study sought to determine the common concepts included in journal writing; the students’ perception on journal writing in the development of self-motivation, self-learning, self-awareness, self-confidence, self-esteem, and self-concept; and to determine the factors that affect the journal writing ability of the students. The descriptive-evaluation method using frequency and weighted mean was used. The qualitative data from student journals and quantitative data from survey questionnaires were utilized. The findings revealed that the students wrote varied concepts in their journal including notes, ambition, interests, daily accomplishments, learning insights and resolutions to overcome their weaknesses. They perceived that journal writing developed their self-motivation, self-awareness, self-confidence, self-esteem, and self-learning. However, the students’ journal writing ability is affected by some factors such as weaknesses in grammar, too many projects, boredome, personal problems and environmental factors like noise and overcrowding in the boarding house. The study concluded that reflective journal writing is effective self-learning strategy of the students. Keywords: Education, journal writing, descriptive-evaluation design, Southern Leyte, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Iligan Night Café: Its Impact to the Socio-Psycho and Academic Facets of College Students Juanita L. Cabigon juanita.cabigon@yahoo.com St. Peter’s College, Iligan City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Palawan

Keywords: Social Science, Night Café, academic performance, sociological impact, psychological impact, descriptive-correlational design, Iligan City, Philippines

International Married Singles: Lived Experiences Safary Wa-Mbaleka wa-mbalekas@aiias.edu Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies, Manila, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Palawan The Republic of the Philippines is attracting more and more international students, especially in tertiary institutions. People have come to realize that the Philippines has high quality education at a very affordable cost. There are over 20,000 international students in the Philippines. This increasing influx of international students is creating a new opportunity for research that may have not been so strong two decades ago. Together, educational leaders, teachers, and students are now in need of understanding the needs of international students and how to effectively meet those needs. One special group of international students that is creating a new phenomenon is that of married singles, that is, the category of international students who are married but attend school in the Philippines while their families live in their countries of origin. Based on the accounts of two focus groups and seven individual interviews of male married singles, this phenomenological study explored the causes of married single life of international students, the impact of such a life on the students’ well-being and their academic performance, the effect on their families, and the ways they cope with this life during all the course of their studies. Keywords: Social Science, married singles, international students, university, well-being, phenomenology, descriptive design, education, Manila Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

The Night Café is one of the iconic features of the city’s nightlife in Iligan. There is something to suit all ages and preferences, as befits a vibrant city in the province of Lanao del Norte. Since most of the goers were young college students, it triggered the researcher to conduct this study which aimed to find out the impact of it to their persona specifically on socio-psycho and academic facets. The respondents were the college students of St. Peter’s College who were identified through lottery random sampling. A validated self-made questionnaire was used to gather data and utilized the descriptive - correlation research design. Major findings revealed that most of the select respondents were adolescent males, in their lower years of schooling, and with regular monthly allowance. The most influential factor in visiting night cafés were their friends and the most perceived social impact was the increase of their circle of friends. Further, the most perceived psychological impact was to eliminate their frustrations as their minds became busy with their activities in the setting of the nightlife. Academically, it was revealed that the respondents were affected as evidenced in their performance in classes and as shown in their grades.

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Agricultural Innovation Processes and Innovation Systems in Rural Davao Region, Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Joan D. Gervacio joangervacio@gmail.com University of Southeastern Philippines, Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Palawan This research critically examined innovation systems and processes in farming communities in three provinces of Davao Region in the context of a farmer-to-farmer extension approach (Magsasaka Siyentista or MS) designed to bridge gaps among research, extension, farmers and the market. Empirical case studies of three innovation systems were conducted: biogas/swine in Davao del Sur; goat fodder in Davao Oriental; and Calamansi offseason production in Compostela Valley. Innovation histories in locations with and without MS were traced through workshops, semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis. NVivo and UCINET’s Netdraw were used to facilitate data management and analysis. The MSs were found to be important innovation actors. Their presence in the farming communities they served was associated with the changes occurring in the areas. Their presence or absence in a farming community is a factor that makes a difference to the nature and extent of innovation processes and innovation system occurring in an area. The study suggested that the MS programme is a very promising policy option to sustain in order to fast track extension of technologies and innovations uptake. The study also found out that network building, social learning, and negotiation and conflict management are crucial in facilitating innovation and therefore had to be taken into account when considering the design, implementation and facilitation of innovation inititiaves. Keywords: Agricultural Technology, innovation processes, innovation system, farmer-to-farmer extension, descriptive design, Davao del Norte

Organopesticidal Property of Callophylum inophyllum: For a Healthier Living Condition Petronila E. Florendo pef_unp@yahoo.com.ph University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Palawan

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With the increase of resistance of pests to synthetic inorganic pesticides, and its negative effects to other living organisms, this study determined the property of Callophylum inophyllum tree parts as organic pesticide to pests, ants, mosquito larvae, and termites. Specifically, this study compared five treatments: crude leaf extract, leaf extract and water solution, crude seed extract, crude seed extract and water solution, and bark and water extract in terms of the mean cumulative percentage mortality of the organisms in an eighthour experiment period. Fresh leaves, barks and seeds of bitaog were gathered. Cleaned 250 grams of each plant part were finely ground in a blender, then soaked with distilled water overnight. The infusion was extracted by squeezing. Spraying was used as fumigation technique to termites and ants, and submersion, to mosquito larvae. Results showed that crude Callophylum inophyllum leaf and seed extracts and bark-water extract have pesticidal property against the test organisms. Within the observation time of 8 hours, there is a significant difference between and among the percentage mortality of the different test organisms. Further study is recommended to determine different concentrations so that the toxicity levels be established and for possible insect repellent development of the extracts. Keywords: Entomology, callophylum inophyllum, bitaog, organopesticide, terrestrial ecology, fumigation technique, experimental design, Ilocos Sur, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Brassinolide on In-Vitro Growth and Proliferation of Apical Meristem of Bananas Florenda B. Temanel florenda_ballesteros@yahoo.com Isabela State University, Echague, Isabela, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Palawan

Keywords: Agriculture, in vitro propagation, induction, proliferation, elongation, apical meristem, plant growth regulators, cultivars, Isabela, Philippines

Automated Test Generator for the Faculty of the University of Cebu, Philippines Jonathan Olores Etcuban joetcuban@gmail.com University of Cebu, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Palawan

Automated test generator (ATG) is an online software application that addresses the perennial problems in test making that most teachers encounter. Test construction requires sufficient knowledge and skills in order to come up with quality test before it will be administered to students. Through this ATG system, the faculty members can generate randomized test questions from the test database, allow students to take their examinations online, and provide test results to faculty and students. The study aimed to design and develop an ATG for the faculty of the University of Cebu that would provide solutions to the problems encountered by faculty members in test construction and administration. The descriptive method was utilized, and four sets of questionnaires were administered. The ATG system was tested by the IT experts from the academe and IT industry (systems developer, systems analyst, analyst programmer, Web developer, and systems testers) based on the following criteria: functionality, performance, robustness, workmanship, and over-all impression of the system. The faculty members also evaluated the user-friendliness, system security, and accessibility of the ATG system. Respondents agreed (97.22%) that the ATG system is better than the manual procedures in constructing test. Thus, this ATG system is highly recommended for use. Keywords: ICT, online test maker, automated test generator, test generator, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are new class of hormones noted to perform multiple physiological functions in plant growth and development and has potential for influencing cell and tissue growth in-vitro. Many naturally occurring BRs, including brassinolide, has been discovered, their mode of action and their growth promoting activities on plants. The use of brassinolide in in vitro propagation is new; hence, the study evaluated the effect of brassinolide (Br) alone or in combination with IAA or IBA on induction, proliferation and elongation of shoots generated from apical meristems of bananas (Lakatan, Latundan, Saba, Bungulan) cultured in-vitro. Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium was used as basal medium. Plant growth regulators; IAA, BA and BR were added to the medium. The study used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in factorial with three replications. The cultivar of banana and plant growth substances affect the number of buds produced, shoot length, root length and stem girth. The interaction of these two factors (cultivar x PGR) influences the number of buds produced in vitro and the shoot length of the meriplants. The study showed that brassinolide has an influence on shoot induction, proliferation and elongation of bananas in in vitro propagation.

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Understanding Networking: Marketing Attributes in Relation to Motivation and Downside

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Emma V. Sagarino emz_vliz@yahoo.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Palawan Networking is a marketing method in which a company taps agents to reach potential customers who cannot be contacted through traditional marketing methods. Being an agent in this kind of marketing endeavor can be exhausting. It is evident that many college students have become networkers of various distribution companies in Davao City. Considering that schooling is always demanding and that the students are in a dilemma as to which activities should be prioritized, the researcher was prompted to explore in two months the experiences of college students as networkers. In particular, she focused on the marketing mix the entrepreneurial students utilized to attain their objectives vis-à-vis the motivation and difficulties they encountered. The 15 study participants were identified through snowball sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted. Recorded interview results were transcribed, categorized and themes were identified through the emergent approach. Findings of the study revealed that the commodities which were typically marketed by networkers through direct selling included food supplements, herbal medicines and beauty products. Networkers attributed their success to the sufficient and appropriate trainings and workshops they attended, observance of favorable business practices, the highly motivated team they belonged to, the effectiveness of product they endorsed and the appropriate integrated marketing they utilized. Difficulties encountered affected their academic and health status. Keywords: Business, networking, entrepreneurial students, marketing attributes, motivation and downside, in-depth interview, snowball sampling, Davao City, Philippines

Gross Domestic Product: Government Indicators or a Piece of Another Fairy Tale? Ernesto O. Golosino ernesto_hnu@yahoo.com Holy Name University, Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Palawan

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One of the indicators of the health and wealth of an economy is the magical words known as gross domestic product (GDP). This measures not only the bulk of economic transactions but also indexed the strength of the incumbent government. Government leaders will always seek refuge to GDP as their litmus paper when people question their performance and moral ascendancy to govern. However, no matter how sweet the figures might be the barometer of its effectiveness remains to be seen. Clamors started to erupt when GDP’s image failed to reflect the real score of ordinary citizens. While the figures are soaring high, poverty is still prevalence in the countryside. The delivery of basic services still stagnates if not deteriorates. This parochial overstatement of the real economic conditions triggered the interest of the researcher to investigate and put into account the genuine outcry of the masses. To put the real issue into context, the economic conditions of Boholanos were put into the spotlight. The results showed that many of the impoverished do not even understand the true meaning of GDP which is rooted not because of educational deficiency but due to the failure of such economic term to translate into real benefits. Keywords: Economic, poverty, neglected masses, inequality, fallacy, descriptive design, Bohol, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Entrepreneurial Capabilities, Work Attitude of Managers in Relation to Employees’ Satisfaction among Non-Franchised Food Establishments in Region X1 Marcelina C. Falcon marcelinacortez@yahoo.com University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Palawan

Keywords: Social Science, entrepreneurial capabilities, work attitude, employees’ satisfaction, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

ICT Capability of CHMSC Faculty Members in Relation to Selected Variables Ronora S. Malaga Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Talisay City, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Palawan

This research aimed to determine the ICT capability of the Faculty Members of Carlos Hilado Memorial State College Main Campus for AY 2009-2010 in relation to select variables, namely: age, gender, marital status, educational qualification, teaching assignment and access. Descriptive type of research methodology was used and data were obtained using the researcher-made survey questionnaire. Seventy-seven faculty members from the main campus of Carlos Hilado Memorial State College were chosen as respondents using the stratified sampling method. The results revealed that CHMSC faculty members manifested average level of ICT capability and had more adequate access to ICT. Significantly, variation in ICT capability became evident when grouping was based on age and subjects taught. Relationships were also seen between ICT capability and factors such age and ICT access. Keywords: Social Science, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), ICT capability, computer, Internet, level of access, descriptive design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Today’s business perspective must embrace continuous change and innovation in order to survive and adapt to their changing environment. The intent of this study was to determine relationship and influence of entrepreneurial capabilities, work attitude of managers in relation to employees’ satisfaction among select non-franchised food establishment in Region X1. Entrepreneurial capabilities focused on building vision, faith and commitment, strength utilization, niche creation, planning and follow through, engaging risk and reality, partnering, negotiating. Work attitude of manager composed adequate work knowledge, right skills, and positive attitude. Employees’ satisfaction includes happiness, contentment and fulfillment in their desires and needs at work. The researcher used descriptive correlation method and validated researcher-made survey questionnaire. The statistical tools used of the study were the Mean, Pearson’s ®, Multiple Regressions. Results showed that the extent of entrepreneurial capabilities and work attitude of manager and employees’ satisfaction consistently had a high significant; it implies that entrepreneurs and manager has to adopt more strategies to improve their capabilities to the next higher level or very high. Therefore, it is recommended that the entrepreneurs and managers of selectnon-food establishments had to adopt capabilities, skills, knowledge and positive attitude to meet the employees’ satisfaction among nonfranchised food establishments in Region X1, Philippines.

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SPA: A Course and Classroom Scheduling In Excel Bridging the Gap between Manual and Automated

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Jeremy P. Mondejar mondejar.jeremy@gmail.com Cebu Technological University- Barili Campus, Cebu, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Palawan Programming class-faculty schedules is complicated and time consuming in which universities allocate a number of staff, faculty and material resources every semester. Manual scheduling produces various conflicts of classfaculty and room utilizations that are determined when classes have already started. Scheduling problems in Cebu Technological University (CTU) are concerned with a lot of students and a limited organic faculty. This study focused on detecting conflict schedules, number of contact hours and preparations, and eventually plotting pictographically class-faculty schedules and room utilizations according to the formats adapted by the university. This method is applied using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in Microsoft Excel. From the data of block schedules provided by different departments or colleges, conflict schedules are detected and modified by users, and once harmonized; plotting pictographically class-faculty schedules into program by teacher, program by section, and room utilization are automated. SPA has evidently illustrated its considerable importance as it leads to better productivity for working time required is reduced, early and immediate detection of conflict schedules and inconsistent information were implemented, speedy printing of outputs into different formats, and generation of class-faculty schedules database can be adapted with minor revision and fine-tuning of such schedules for proceeding semesters. Keywords: Information Technology, VBA programming, Class-faculty or course scheduling, Microsoft Excel, Cebu City, Philippines

Public Elementary School Teachers’ Competency in Basic Computer Operation Jonah C. Celestino paulinejohanna@yahoo.com Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines

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Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Palawan

Most teachers of public elementary schools in the rural provinces of the Philippines do not use computers in teaching. This study assessed the level of computer competency of the public elementary school teachers in Diffun I District and the problems they encountered in basic computer operation. The data were gathered through the use of questionnaire checklist. Descriptive statistics such as means, frequency counts and percentages were used to analyze the data gathered. T-test and ANOVA were used to determine the significant differences in the levels of competency and the problems they encountered in basic computer operations. The results of the study indicated that the respondents had a “very low” competency level in information retrieval and research; “low” competency in presentation software; had “serious” problems in knowledge, skills, trainings and time constraints; had “less serious” problems on facilities and attitudes. Gender and age of teachers influenced their basic computer competency levels but these had nothing to do on the level of seriousness of their problems. The number of years teaching affected the level of competencies of the teachers and the level of seriousness of problems in attitudes. Highest educational attainment affected level of competencies in basic computer operations, electronic communications and their problems in facilities. Those who had attended trainings in basic computer operations had “high” level of competency. Keywords: Information Technology, Philippine public elementary school teachers, computer competency, computer operation, problems encountered, descriptive design, Quirino, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Prostitution in Cauayan City: Factors Influencing a Woman’s Decision to Engage in Prostitution Narsal M. Foronda, Jr. narsalforonda0401@gmail.com Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Keywords: Social Science,sex trade determinants, engagement factors, prostitution, descriptive design, Isabela, Philippines

Disability and Its Intricacies (A Curse or a Gift?): The Boholano Perspective Ernesto O. Golosino ernesto_hnu@yahoo.com Holy Name University, Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Sulawesi Since the beginning of Christianity the dogma of the Catholic Church prevailed saying that “man was created in the image and likeness of God”. Though many scientific studies advanced by great scholars tend to overturn this by presenting another doctrine regarding evolution, faith shielded the hearts of the believers. Amidst great faith, many questions remained unanswered. If indeed God created human being in his image and likeness, who is the culprit behind physical, mental and other forms of imperfections suffered by the disabled? Do we consider disability a gift or a curse? These troubling questions puzzled the researcher and ignited his interest to dig deeper. To get the clearer view regarding the matter, field interviews were conducted using the disabled Boholanos across all forms as respondents. Series of questions were introduced just to elicit positive and negative responses pertaining to their current conditions. To strengthen the findings, literature review was conducted. It was discovered that majority of the respondents found it hard to cope economically due to their present plight. Others were subjected to public ridicule coming from assorted forms of mockery. On top of this, the religious foundation of the Boholanos strengthens them amidst society’s indifference. Some even regarded their conditions as a blessing. Keywords: Social Science, disability, survival mechanism, religious foundation, descriptive design, Bohol, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Knowing the reasons why women engage in prostitution is vital. Until one knows more about the factors that influence a woman’s decision to initially and continuously engage in prostitution, he/she cannot formulate intervention programs to interrupt the cycle. This study analyzed the accounts of eight respondents from the “Red Light District” of Cauayan City by utilizing the descriptive qualitative method by means of conducting comprehensive structured interviews to gather data which were selected because of its ability to provide sufficient information and in-depth analysis. The study found out that the respondents who have children or have families to financially support were driven into this profession. The result of the study showed young women’s common reason for engaging in this profession. Those who were raised in broken homes because of separation or abandonment by their parents enter this profession for easy money because they do not have anyone to financially rely on. Such young women are often lacking in proper education and skills and are susceptible to negative peer influences which contribute to their decision to engage in prostitution. Lastly, their continuous unemployment, the financial contentment felt by the sex workers by engaging in the sex trade and their involvement in the social network of people involved in prostitution results to negative outcomes, such as drug addiction and the decision to remain in prostitution.

145

Status of Mamanua Tribe in Saint Bernard, Southern Leyte: Basis for Extension Program

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Eden J. Garces edenjgarces@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University-San Juan Campus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Sulawesi The study was conducted to assess the status of the Mamanua tribe in Saint Bernard, Southern Leyte. It o evaluated the demographic profile, source of income, family structure in relation to their practices in family planning and sanitation, and the housing facilities and equipment. It utilized survey method of research using self–made survey and open–ended type questionnaire. The data gathered were treated using frequency count and percentages. Result showed that there was no sustainable livelihood program that would serve as Mamanua’s source of income which will cater to their daily needs. They relied on gathering food through hunting, collecting rattan poles, orchids, tubers, nuts and honey in the forest. In relation to family planning practices, they strongly stick to their traditional practice, raising unlimited children. It was also found out that housing facilities were not functional. On educational background, only three out of 37 children continue their schooling. With these findings, the researchers recommended the following: a) there should be a sustainable livelihood program that would serve as their permanent source of income; b) family planning program should include orientation and consistent follow-up; c) facilities should be made functional for them to use; and d) good education for the future of the Mamanua’s siblings should be prioritized. Keywords: Ethnography, source of income, family structure, education, livelihood program, descriptive design, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Value-Adding of Cordillera Pork-based Ethnic Food Delicacy (Etag) for Commercialization Cynthia Garambas cynthiagarambas@gmail.com Benguet State University, La-Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Sulawesi

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This research has resulted in the development of science-based value adding techniques to ensure food safety, consistent quality, and high market acceptability of an ethnic food delicacy called “etag”. The study was conducted to improve and standardize the methods of processing etag to ensure compliance with food safety and quality standards. Series of experiments were performed using three different methods of preparing “etag”. The tests included sensory evaluation, chemical analysis, physical tests, and microbiological examination. Both hot-smoked and cold-smoked etag would require 9 kg of alnus trunk and 1 kg of alnus leaves for one day or eight hours of continuous smoking. Meanwhile, sun-dried etag would require 72 hours or three days curing and 56 hours sun-drying. Results of the microbial analysis for cold-smoked, hot-smoked and sun-dried etag are all negative and within the standard limit set for food by BFAD. The product quality and safety plan developed has contributed greatly in preventing cross-contamination and growth of pathogenic microorganisms as evidenced by acceptable result of microbial tests conducted for cold-smoked, hotsmoked, and sun-dried etag. Further study on the product, which will focus of the degree of salinity and its relationship to shelf-life, is recommended. Keywords: Food Science and Technology, value-adding, pork-based ethnic food delicacy, commercialization, experimental design, Benguet, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

ASEAN trade integration 2015 Adrian M. Tamayo dagnytamayo@yahoo.com University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Keywords: Social Science, trade integration, vector auto regression, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

The Five-year Operation of Holy Cross of Davao College - Babak Branch Susan Cruz sansui_ganda@yahoo.com Holy Cross of Davao College, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Sulawesi Evaluation is central to all educational quality improvement and strategic formulation. This study was conducted to determine why enrollment projections were not met in spite of the school’s efforts. It utilized of descriptive statistics and documentary analysis. Survey questionnaires and an interview guide were used. The city’s development plan was reviewed for its congruence to educational programs. Data gathered were treated using frequency, percentage, weighted mean and standard deviation. The holding power of the school among parents and students is its being Catholic, popularity, proximity to residences, and the feeling of being at home in school. These are the positive feedback from the respondents of the study. Affordability and learning standards are additional considerations. Students drop school due to financial problems. There is moderate satisfaction among the alumni and current students on the school’s operation. It is affirmed that scholarship programs particularly those from LGUs and the fixed registration fee sustain the enrollment count of the branch. At present the financial condition of HCDC - Babak Branch is not sufficient to sustain its operation. There is a need to position the school in IGaCoS. Thus, a five year development plan was designed to address the situation. Keywords: Social Science, evaluation, five-year operation, Holy Cross of Davao College, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

The creation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was to form a trade bloc that could compete in the world economies. The ASEAN integration in 2015 was also seen as externally influenced. The study determined the predictive relationship between and among the ASEAN countries, and the ASEAN countries with the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) countries such as Australia, China, United States, Japan and New Zealand. Using Vector Autoregression (VAR), country predictive relationships were determined. Indonesia had a predictive relationship with Japan and Laos. Malaysia had predictive relationship with Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Japan, Indonesia. Meanwhile, Philippines had predictive relationships with Vietnam, Japan, China, Australia and United States. Singapore showed predictive relationship with Laos, New Zealand, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, United States and Vietnam. The economy of Thailand was found to show predictive economic relationship with Australia and a strong economic relationship with Japan, Laos, New Zealand. While Vietnam maintained predictive relationship with New Zealand, Philippines, United States, Australia, Japan, and Philippines. Laos, on the other hand, was influenced by Indonesia, New Zealand, Japan, Thailand and United States. In conclusion, the success of the trade integration of ASEAN also depends on other non-ASEAN countries.

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Traditional Medicines of Bugkalots in Quirino, Philippines Cynthia Grace T. Valdez Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Sulawesi

This exploratory social research was conducted to identify the plants used as traditional medicines of the Bugkalotsin Nagtipunan, Quirino. Focus Group Discussion, key informants interview, and the Filipino way of “pakipag-kwentohan” were utilized in the study to gather the necessary information. Secondary data were also utilized. There were 22 plants used by the tribe for different ailments, prepared either in decoctions, concoctions and “tapal” poultices. The indigenous knowledge is passed on verbally to select family member of a traditional healer. Various threats beset this knowledge of the tribe.

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Keywords: Botany, traditional, medicine, indigenous knowledge, traditional healer, descriptive design, Quirino, Philippines

The Safety of Infants and Children from Lead in Milk Commercially Available in Manila, Philippines Judilynn N. Solidum graloheus@gmail.com University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Sulawesi

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Milk is essential to man particularly to infants and children. The presence of contaminants may endanger people’s health. Heavy metal lead results primarily to neurologic problems among children. Its contamination of consumer products and accumulation in the biosystem will result to deleterious effects. This study in general aimed to determine the presence or absence of lead in milk intended for different age groups among children. Specifically, it aimed to determine the amounts of lead in milk samples analyzed. Also, the concentrations of lead were compared with standard limits set for it in milk from Codex Alimentarius. Further, projected blood levels of lead were determined and compared with the safe limits set by the Center for Disease Control. Lead is present in all milk samples collected and analyzed. All of the samples’ lead concentrations went beyond the acceptable limit of 0.02ppm set by Codex Alimentarius. Milk for older children showed projected blood levels beyond both the 10 and 5ug/dL set safe limits of CDC. Four and two samples from milk for infants and younger children, respectively, went below 10ug/dL but the rest of the milk samples went above the new safe limit of 5ug/dL. Keywords: Toxicology, lead in milk formula, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Manila, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Burnout Potentials and Body Mass Index (BMI) of USePTagum-Mabini Employees Earma G. Padilla earmag.padilla@yahoo.com University of Southeastern Philippines, Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Keywords: Health Science, burnout potential, Body Mass Index, descriptive correlation, Davao del Norte, Philippines

Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Licensure Examination Performance of Cebu Technological University Januario L. Flores Jr. flores_jan@hotmail.com Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Sulawesi For a university with engineering programs, the performance of its graduates in the licensure examinations is very significant because it reflects the effectiveness of its instruction, its competence to offer such programs, and the quality of its output. One way of evaluating such output is to compare the institutional passing percentage of every licensure examination in each engineering program held semi-annually to each respective National passing percentage. This study focused on the 2005 to 2012 Licensure Exam passing results of the graduates of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of Cebu Technological University. Such passing percentages were compared with the National passing percentages to determine whether the performance of CTU in engineering licensure examinations is at par with the rest of the engineering schools in the country taken as a whole. Data were taken from Professional Regulation Commission. The result of the analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the CTU College of Engineering’s performance in the licensure exams of both Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering as against the National passing performance. This means that it is doing its job satisfactorily and effectively in providing engineering education to its clientele. Keywords: Social Science, licensure examination, performance, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

This descriptive-correlational study aims to evaluate the burnout potentials of employees, assess their Body Mass Index (BMI) and evaluate the relationship between burnout potential and BMI utilizing two questionnaires. Results revealed that the level of burnout potential of USePTagum-Mabini Employee on work and family was less potential. However, employees in Tagum Unit rated all indicators to be less potential while Mabini Unit employees rated nature of work as less potential with the other indicators rated as not potential. Burnout potential on family ranged from less potential to not potential. Indicators which rated not potential were on relationship and children welfare; while family income, kinsfolk and associate and community involvement were less potential. Job positions indicated that faculty and staff rated indicators such as relationship and children welfare as not potential; and family income and kinsfolk and associate were rated as less potential. The level of BMI of employees is normal which revealed that male employees with age ranging from 48-55 years old were overweight. Correlation between burnout potential and BMI showed that burnout potential is not significantly related to BMI; however, work showed significant relationship. Thus, it is recommended that the administration should implement wellness program.

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The Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Approach in Teaching Plane Trigonometry

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Freddie R. Cabrera freddiercabrera@gmail.com Isabela State University-Cauayan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Sulawesi Cooperative learning is an approach to organizing classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cooperative learning approach in teaching mathematics. This quasi-experimental study involved the BSCS I-A and 1B students in which the first section was assigned as the experimental group who were exposed in cooperative learning while the second section was assigned as the control group who were exposed in the traditional lecture -discussion method. The study started with the administration of pre-achievement and attitude tests towards mathematics. It ended with the administration of a post-achievement and attitude inventory tests. The instruments used to gather data included the achievement test and standardized attitude inventory test. The scores were compared and the significance of their differences was determined using the t-test. Findings showed that cooperative learning improved mathematics achievement of the students. It also performed significantly better than the traditional lecture-discussion method. The results also showed that cooperative learning has a positive effect on the formation of a more positive attitude towards mathematics among students. Therefore, cooperative learning should be adopted so as to develop a more enjoyable learning environment to both the students and the teacher. Keywords: Mathematics, Plane Trigonometry, cooperative learning,quasi-experiment, Isabela,Philippines

K-12 Online Grading System Isidro L. Duran duran_sid@yahoo.com Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – South La Union Campus, Agoo, La Union, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Sulawesi

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One of the major tasks of elementary school teachers that need careful attention with K-12 basic education curriculum lay on academic records of pupils. This encompasses computation of grades, generation of reports like form 137 and database flexibility in encoding, storing, retrieving and editing. These are considered in designing the features of the software. This study focused on the development, validation and testing of an “Online Grading System of Agoo West District, Division of La Union”, specifically on the level of validity and degree of usability of the developed software. Descriptive and applied methods were utilized. Rapid Application Development (RAD) model was used in the development of the software. Validity and usability questionnaires were utilized in gathering imperative data. Consequently, one sample t-test was applied to test the significance. Findings showed that the software was highly valid in terms of functionality and automation. Furthermore, the software is highly usable as to content, organization, readability, navigation, user interface design, performance and effectiveness. Moreover, the validity and usability of the software were positively significant. Hence, the developed software is valid and usable. Besides, the software gears technology innovation in managing academic records of pupils in DEPED, bureau of elementary education. Keywords: Computer Science, Information Technology, K-12 Grading System, system development, applied research, La Union, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Ethnoscience Among Select Indigenous Groups in Mindanao Anabelie V. Valdez anabelievillavaldez@gmail.com Mindanao State University, Marawi City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Sumatra

Keywords: Ethnoscience, Ethnofarming, ethnomedicine, qualitative research using ethnographic techniques, Lapuyan Zamboanga del Sur and Mabini Compostela Valley Province, Philippines

Decision-making Styles of CSU College Deans: A Case of Managerial Ethics Loraine Suyu-Tattao louella_curly@yahoo.com Cagayan State University - Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Sumatra The decision-making style of Cagayan State University’s middle managers (the College Deans) is crucial in the process of its development. Thus, this study investigated the decision-making style of the deans and the managerial ethics using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Respondents were 15 college deans and 229 faculty members. Standardized and self-made questionnaires and interview guide were used. Results showed that majority of the deans displayed moderate risk taking behavior and normative decision making style. They displayed high risk taking behavior in loading and promotion, they used thinker decision-making style and beneficence as managerial ethics. The position of the deans is likened to the old way of cooking “bibingka” wherein they are sandwiched between two fires, one at the bottom and one on the top. They are caught in a dilemma on how to bring organizational results or show loyalty to the top officials who designated them and on hand how to maintain smooth interpersonal relationship with their subordinates. Keywords: Social Science, decision making style, risk taking behavior, beneficence, quantitative and qualitative method, Cagayan, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

New technologies and scientific discoveries are upon modern man, rendering obsolete at a very rapid pace existing technology. In the maelstrom of all these prodigious changes, some groups of people have not felt the impact of modern science on their lives. It is in this line where the ethnoscience of some select indigenous groups in Mindanao were explored, specifically the ethnoscience among Subanen in Lapuyan Zamboanga del Sur and the Mansaka in Mabini Compostela Valley. Purposive and snowball sampling were used in selecting the participants. Ethnographic techniques were used in this naturalistic and qualitative study. The researcher immersed in each community using questionnaire interview guide, individual and focus group discussions, observation checklist, field notebook, and other instruments. Results revealed that the Subanen and Mansaka farmers were mostly 61 years old and have low level of educational attainment. Magical, traditional, and factual procedures and techniques figured prominently among the crop farming practices, food gathering and food preparation among Subanen and Mansaka. Their balyan healer used a combination of magical, traditional, and factual techniques in treating diseases. Therefore, these groups of people retained and preserved their unique identity and natural knowledge despite tremendous impact of modern technologies and discoveries in multifarious disciplines.

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Uncollected Accounts of Realty Corporation in Davao City: A Case Study

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Joel Tan angeljb@gmail.com University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Sumatra

Uncollected account is but a critical indicator of financial volatility, profitability and customer satisfaction. This business case study sought to address the continuing problem of uncollected receivables of a Realty corporation in Davao City that has put the organization to difficult cash position and has exposed its financial instruments to liquidity and credit risks for years. Methods used in the gathering and analyses of relevant information include direct interviews with experts, phone surveys and financial statement audit. The instrument used in identifying the principal problem and the best alternative solution is the “case analysis and business problem solving model”, a scientific process approach to any business problems. Results of the analyses and evaluation suggested that hiring an in-house credit and collection personnel to manage the company’s receivable profile will yield the greatest value of net advantage among other alternatives drawn. Thus, when properly executed, supported and sustained, it shall significantly help the company maintain a high quality of receivables in terms of size and age; establish responsibility and accountability in its collection policies and strategies; reduce delinquencies and bad debts at a tolerable rate; increase chances of recovery and salvaged revenues and improve its cash flow condition and exposures to financial risks. Keywords: Social Science, accounting, receivables, uncollected account, case study, Realty Corporation, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

Determinants Influencing Consumers Purchase Decisions and Willingness to Pay for Green Products Lisa S. Salvador lss0828@yahoo.com University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Sumatra:

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The study assessed the determinants influencing consumer buying decisions and examined the link between consumer purchase decision and willingness to pay for green products. Five variables were examined for the determinants and three questions were considered for the willingness to pay for green products. Data were collected through questionnaires. Utilizing stratified sampling technique, the researcher considered 310 respondents. The study revealed a low to moderate influence of personal , social , economic, psychological factors and product attributes on consumers purchase decision This means specific items are influential to one demographic but not to another. Eighty four percent of the total participants in the study are willing to pay for green products and from those who are willing to pay, 39% perceived they have the willingness and ability to pay up to 5% more of the product price. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between income groups and willingness to pay, while psychological and economic determinant were found to be significantly related to willingness to pay for green product .This means affordability, income adequacy, motivations and environmental concerns are positively linked to willingness to pay. This study added to the literature of green consumer behavior and provided a consumers’ viewpoint to aid in the development of marketing strategies. Keywords: Economics, personal factors, social influence, economic factors, product attributes, psychological influence, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

The Nature and Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Pages Holdings, Inc. Judy Ann F. Gimena judyann_ferrater2004@yahoo.com University of Cebu, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Sumatra

Keywords: Organizational Management, organizational citizenship, behavior, altruism, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

Entrepreneurial Competencies of the Small and Medium Enterprise Business Operators of Ozamiz City Public Mall, Philippines: Basis for Community Extension Program Julieta R. Betonio julietabetonio@yahoo.com.ph La Salle University, Ozamis City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Sumatra

The new Ozamiz City Public Mall, Philippines has several entrepreneurs who sell products thus generate income from it. While some of the store owners luckily make profit, a number of them fail to manage their business venture. It is in this premise that the researcher is pushed to study why these entrepreneurs were not as successful as the others. Specifically, this paper aimed to determine the entrepreneurial competencies of the SME operators of Ozamiz City Public Mall, Philippines. The entrepreneurial competencies were measured in terms of Time Management skills, Marketing Management skills, Technical skills and Financial Management skills. This study used the descriptive research method in determining the entrepreneurial competencies of the SME business operators. Data were gathered using standardized questionnaire. The findings revealed that out of 14 areas of the SME operators of Ozamiz Public Mall, Philippines, nine areas were found to have high competencies in terms of Time Management skills, Financial Management skills, Marketing Management skills and Technical skills. On the other hand, six out of 14 were found to have Moderate competencies only. Therefore, these individuals will be the recipients of the extension program designed by the researcher so that they will be able to have a competitive edge over the other SME operators. Keywords: Economics, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial competencies, small and medium Enterprise (SME) operators, design, Ozamis City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

The study assessed the extent of manifestation of the various dimensions of the organizational citizenship behavior and its antecedents in Pages Holdings, Inc. (PHI) to come up with a proposed intervention scheme. The researcher was prodded to conduct the study because majority of the employees in PHI exuded complacency in the course of accomplishing their task. This research utilized the descriptive survey method and used the researcher-made questionnaire in gathering data. Statistical treatments used in data analysis were simple percentages, weighted mean and Fisher’s T-test of difference. The respondents were the regular management staff and rank-and-file employees of the various groups of companies under PHI. Considering the findings of the study, the researcher concluded that organizational citizenship behavior is necessary for the sustainability and good functioning of PHI. The presence of employees who willingly did things that were not found in their respective job descriptions indicated that PHI workers were motivated to perform well, exerted efforts above and beyond the formal work requirements. However, despite these results, PHI management needs to revisit certain aspects of its operating policies and mandate to sustain the willingness of their workers to engage in OCB.

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Humor - Device Developing Gamblers’ Inveteracy and Satirized Peculiar Filipinism in Alejandro Roces’ Fiction

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Maristela B. Sy mbinongo624@gmail.com Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Sumatra: Humor, as source of fun, provides panacea from stress. And there are writers who write humorous stories, but few use humor as a literary device. Alejandro Roces is one of the few, but no scientific evaluation is made about his fiction because he is more popular as Filipino journalist. Thus, this study, entitled “HumorDevice Developing Gambler’s Inveteracy and Satirized Peculiar Filipinism in Alejandro Roces’ Short Fiction”, aims to ignite aesthetic stimulation by critical analysis based on literary merits. His fiction, “We Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers,” “Of Cocks and Hens,” “Of Cocks and Kings,” “Of Cocks and Battle Cocks,” and “Of Cocks and Super Cocks”, as qualitative research work, leans on formalistic and mimetic approaches to Literature. Consequently, the key findings illustrate how humor develops an uncommon conflict of an inveterate gambler-protagonist because instead of feeling burdensome of his struggle, readers experience relief and release of tension. Moreover, some collective satirized peculiar Filipinism include English speech affectations, gambler’s inveteracy, Hispanic cultural attitudes and traditionalism. Hence, Roces’ characterizations and themes inherently reveal humor that satirizes peculiar Filipinism. For deeper aesthetic stimulation, this study should be compared and contrasted with the fiction of local and foreign humorists. Keywords: Literature and Communication, humor, inveteracy and satirized peculiar Filipinism, fiction, content analysis, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

Literature: Language in Use Edna B. Cameron ggirlie63@yahoo.com University of Cebu, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Sumatra:

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Literature is language in use, therefore, it is not separable from language. Nevertheless, literature involves more than language because meanings go beyond language, and the appreciation and enjoyment of literature require the development of more than just linguistic capacities. Literature, whether prose, fiction, drama, and/or poetry, is a good means for upgrading a learner’s competence in English if is taught effectively. All the elements of literature like plot, character, setting, and theme, can also help promote reading comprehension by presenting special challenges to readers that demand their learning to put into practice specific reading strategies, and by helping carry students along in their reading. Moreover, they provide the subject matter, the content, and inspiration for numerous written and oral activities, so that a single literary work becomes the central focus of a classroom unit. In this case, reading literature is seen as good opportunity for the class to see the past tense in actions, to observe model examples on the use of past perfect, progressive or modal auxiliaries. More than anthology of readings, drama includes suggested exercises on finding kernel sentences, or, sentence combining, or changing to past tense. Keywords: Language and Literature, linguistic capacities, linguistic competence, reading literature, reading strategies, Cebu City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Critical Film Analysis of Filipino Independent Film - Ang Babae sa Septic Tank (The Woman in the Septic Tank) as Approached through Cooperative Learning Ma. Fe M. Crescencio mfmc10@yahoo.com Holy Name University, Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Sumatra

Keywords: Language, cooperative learning, Ang Babae sa Septic Tank, positive interdependence, critical film analysis, correlation, Bohol, Philippines

Teacher and Technology: Sustainable Education in a Global Knowledge Society Maria Theresa Pilapil-Pelones mariatheresapelones@gmail.com Mindanao State University, General Santos City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Sumatra The complexity of multicultural world has challenged the true nature of the global knowledge society, where teachers need to understand the learning processes of becoming technologically-skilled and proficient in order to become active citizens of the world. The study aimed to develop a Teachers Technology Program to 118 select teachers of Mindanao State University, General Santos City, Philippines. In the research process, the researcher used modified questionnaires that have undergone validation process from a panel of experts. He also sought permission from persons-in-authority, administered the questionnaire, conducted site interviews and observations. The data gathered were statistically treated, analyzed and interpreted. The study revealed that in basic computer operations, teachers were rated as highly proficient in word processing but low in computer programming. Teachers also got the rating of moderately proficient in the use of technology for personal and professional enhancement. Moreover, teachers found to be moderately proficient in the application of technology in instruction. Generally, the teachers’ technological skills were rated as master level. This means teachers know how to use ICT but they still need to develop their coping strategies. The result of the study served as the basis for formulating the development program. Keywords: Education, teachers’ technological skills, research and development, descriptive-survey, General Santos City, Philippines * Best Abstract Awardee for Education

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Using particularly the positive interdependence element of the cooperative learning, the researcher conducted a study aimed to measure if there is a significant relationship between the level of attitude towards cooperative learning and the level of critical analysis by the students of the Filipino independent film “Ang Babaesa Septic Tank.” Forty students from Filipino class of the Holy Name University were purposively chosen as participants of the study. A 20-item researcher-made questionnaire (α = 0.92) was used to assess the level of attitude towards cooperative learning strategy and a 5-item-criteria scoring rubric (α = 0.89) was used to evaluate the critical film analysis of the participants. Based on the data gathered, the level of attitude towards cooperative learning as an instructional strategy is high and the level of critical analysis is moderately high. There is a moderate correlation between the level of attitude towards cooperative learning and the quality of the written critical film analysis. Majority of the students believed that the filmmaker has successfully devised a screenplay that can show the real essence of Filipino culture–poverty. They described the film as a comedy about misguided ambitions, the art of making art and the romanticisation of Philippine poverty.

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Academic Performance as Determinant to Pass the Licensure Examination for Teachers

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Gary C. Garcia garychmich@yahoo.com.ph Southern Leyte State University-San Juan Campus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Sumatra Guided by the institution’s vision and mission, the researcher determined the consistency of the students’ performance during and after their studies. It also determined if relationships between examinees’ academic performance and their Licensure Examination for Teachers’ (LET) rating in Professional Education and Field of Specialization are significant. Respondents were randomly selected from the LET examinees of Southern Leyte State University - San Juan from 2007-2010. Board ratings were requested from PRC, academic records were asked from the registrar. The researcher used Mean and Percentages in describing the performance, Pearson Product Moment Coefficient Correlation in determining the significant of the relationship between academic and LET rating. A total of 39 out of 58 Examinees in four consecutive years are women.Data imply that women are more dominant than men in the field of education in terms of numbers. The correlation coefficient between examinee’s academic performance and licensure examination rating is very high in the Field of Specialization subjects, weak positive correlation in the Professional Education subjects. However, correlation in examinees academic and Licensure Examination for Teachers rating in general is moderately significant. Academic performance of examinees can be a determinant for passing LET examination. Keywords: Education, academic performance: Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET), descriptive design, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Models of Teaching Effectiveness in Public Elementary and Secondary School in Region XI Jocelyn A. Matildo joycedaleeva@yahoo.com University of Southeastern Philippines, Tagum City, Davao, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Sumatra

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The study was conducted to provide predicting models for teaching effectiveness. It involved 499 teacherrespondents from the 128 elementary and secondary schools representing the ten schools divisions in DepEd Region XI. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was utilized in this study. Data analysis made use of mean, 4-stepwise regression and multi-colinearity. Results revealed high levels in the following variables: school environment, reward and recognition, collegiality, school leadership, professional development, and personal characteristics. Teaching effectiveness in terms of teacher competencies was high, while low in terms of student’s learning outcome. There was a significant influence of the school-related factors to teaching effectiveness except for collegiality. Specifically, the model predictors revealed the following significant indicators to teaching effectiveness in terms of teacher competencies: organizational influences, community relations, remuneration, performance appraisal, mentoring, affiliation and collaboration, commitment and dedication, orientation and beliefs, job satisfaction, leadership perspective, and organizational oversight and time management. Further, the model predictors for teaching effectiveness in terms of student’s learning outcome through the NAT result were community relations and promotion. As recommended, a study using confirmatory factor analysis may be pursued to validate the results of this study. Keywords: Education, model, teaching effectiveness, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Buuttherapy: An Inculturated Approach in Teaching Advanced Educational Psychology at Cebu Technological University-Main Campus, Cebu City Vicente J. Igot Cebu Technological University-Main Campus, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Ballroom

Keywords: Social Science, buuttherapy, inculturated approach, psychology, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

The study determined the effect of “buuttherapy” to the graduate students of Advanced Educational Psychology at the Cebu Technological University-Main Campus for A.Y. 2012 - 2013. It utilized the RegressionDiscontinuity Design. It is a method for determining whether a program or treatment is effective. It looked into the profile of the respondents and the situations/ persons that strongly affect them, affect a little, and not affected at all. Those below 35 have three males and five females and five are married, three are single. While those above 35 have four males and four females, all are married and have children. The pretest result showed that majority of the respondents of the groups were very much affected by family problems. Second in rank is affected a little by negative criticism. After a lapse of four months post-test was administered to both groups. Out of eight respondents who belonged to age 35 and above,seven were not affected at all, and one is only affected a little. Majority of the respondents whose ages are below 35 are very much affected to only affected a little. The study showed that buuttherapy is more effective to those 35 years old and above, married and has children.

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World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Occupational Safety and Health Status of the Nursing Profession: Basis for a Unified Checklist for Improvement Jan Rainier C. Balaria jrainier_17@yahoo.com Wesleyan University, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Ballroom

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Occupational safety and health status in the nursing profession in the Philippines is expected to ensure that nurses as healthcare providers understand the relationship between injury and illness and workplace factors. This study, which utilized the descriptive research method, focused on six factors that assessed the occupational safety and health status of nurses and their coping mechanism. The factors are chemical hazards, Infectious hazards, physical hazards, psychosocial hazards, hazardous drug handling, and hazardous waste management. The study, conducted in four hospitals in Cabanatuan City, showed that the status of occupational safety and health was very good for all the enlisted factors except for psychosocial hazards and hazardous waste management. Majority of the nurses expressed the use of active coping strategies to minimize the effect of stress from their workplace. The use of a proposed unified occupational safety and health status checklist by the nursing service/department is highly recommended in the study. Keywords: Social Science, occupational safety, workplace hazards, nurses, unified checklist, coping mechanisms, descriptive research, Cabanatuan City, Philippines

SERVE: A Service Learning Project Vicente C. Handa vcqhanda@gmail.com West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:01 - 2:20 pm Venue: Ballroom

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Preservice teacher preparation is often criticized for its disconnection with local communities, where prospective teachers might teach someday. This paper reported preliminary findings drawn from a large collaborative project involving three universities and local communities in Luzon and Visayas regions. Informed by the S.E.R.V.E. paradigm, a team of 10 Filipino alumni of U.S. Department of State Exchange Programs collaborated with 15 teacher educators, 350 preservice teachers, and residents of local communities in planning and enacting service learning projects in various underserved, marginalized communities in the islands of Panay and Guimaras. Consistent with the goal of producing practical knowledge using a hybrid of participatory action research and action ethnography as a research methodology, the presentation of findings revolved on discussions surrounding the project goals and objectives, activities, outputs, and impacts in local communities. Analysis of narratives from interview transcripts, written outputs, and student-generated blogs revealed tensions surrounding the ownership of knowledge coming from participatory action research and the nature of local knowledge in postcolonial, 21st century marginalized communities. Conclusions from the study are linked with theoretical discourses surrounding hybrid space, community funds of knowledge, and service learning. Hence, its replication is hereby recommended among teacher preparation institutions. Key words: Education, preservice teacher education, service learning, action ethnography, descriptive design, Iloilo City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Detection of Pathogens from Bangus Chanos Chanos Bone Meal Hubert G. Quiñones quinonesrenissa@yahoo.com Cebu Technological University-Main Campus, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Ballroom The increased production of boneless bangus in Cebu City is directly proportional to the volume of discarded spines. Bangus bone meal is a by-product of bangus deboning was subjected to storage study at low temperature to determine the pathogen count. The proximate composition of the product had 51.9% moisture, 32.6% protein, 7.60% fat, 5.44% ash and 2.46% carbohydrate content. The aerobic plate count cfu/g of the product decreases as month of storage with an initial pH of 5.04. However, Escherechia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were detected at 0 day storage until 3 months with less than 1.8 and 1.0 respectively, but absence of Shigella and Salmonella species of pathogens were observed. The physico-chemical composition of the product revealed that it is a good source of essential nutrients with high calcium and potassium content. Keywords: Clinical Lab, bangus bone meal, storage study, Cebu City, fish processing, Cebu, Philippines

Rhoda P. Agdeppa-Namoco rhoda@must.edu.ph Mindanao University of Science and Technology Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Ballroom Dairy farming industry is one of the main livestock industries in the Philippines. However, studies show that this industry,that continues to face problems such as shortage of productive dairy animals, is still underdeveloped. Dairy cattle contribute much to the milk production in the country. Hence, there is a need for proper cattle feeding management since feeds greatly affect milk production.This study utilized a computer-based technique to optimize the nutrient intake of dairy cattle during early lactation using locally available by-products in order to investigate, analyze and determine how good locally available by-products can be combined effectively and efficiently to formulate least-cost ration.Eight locally-available by-products; namely, fish meal, corn bran, soybean meal, copra meal, limestone, crackedcorn, molasses and spent grainwere considered in this study. In order to obtain optimal feed rations, mathematical models were formulated and solved by ta conceding the nutrient requirements (net energy for lactation (NEl), rumen degradable protein (RDP), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P)) of lactating dairy cattle, and the nutrient compositionsand any restriction factor of the by-products. Results of the study provided least cost rations that meet the specified nutrient requirements of lactating dairy cattle. Keywords: Mathematics, optimization, dairy Cattle, locally-available by-products, least-cost feed ration, quasi-experimental, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Optimizing Nutrient Intake of Dairy Cattle during Early Lactation using Locally-available By-products

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Sweetener Blends in the Quality of Guyabano Annona muricata Pulp Praline Renissa S. Quinones quinonesrenissa@yahoo.com Cebu Technological University-Main Campus, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:11 - 3:30 pm Venue: Ballroom

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

Sweeteners remain a major source of calories in human diet. They give sweetness to the food, however, their functions differ from their sweetening ability and how they influence in food preparation. The main purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of sweetener blends to the quality of Guyabano pulp praline. Experimental method of research, employing laboratory techniques and procedures where used in the study with five treatments in three replications. The results of the investigation showed that T4 comprising brown sugar, honey and coconut sugar (17%: 66%:17%) gave the highest acceptability ratings in all of the sensory attributes. The most preferred product had a moderately brown in color, very much pleasant odor, and very much crunchy texture. Microbiological results showed that Guyabano praline had ‹25 x 102 aerobic plate count/g, ‹1.0 x 10 cfu/g S. aureusand ‹1.0 x 10 cfu/g mold and yeast count. Keywords: Clinical Lab, Annona muricata, praline, sweetener blends, food processing, experimental design, Cebu City, Philippines

Predictors of Household Satisfaction to Power Utility Services in Cebu City, Philippines Celbert M. Himang celbhim@yahoo.com Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Ballroom

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The study investigated the relationship between household overall satisfaction to power utility services in Cebu City and satisfaction attributes. A stratified randomly select 377 households of the 50 urban barangays in Cebu City were used in the study. Thirteen attributes (power quality and reliability, billing and payment, corporate citizenship, price, communication, customer service-staff, customer service-paying center, customer service-power facilities, kilowatt-hour consumed per month, amount due, educational attainment, age and number of household members) were assessed out of which four attributes (power quality and reliability, price, communication and customer service-power facilities) showed significant relationship with household overall satisfaction. No significant difference was found on the level of overall satisfaction among households on the cluster membership based on demographic variables. The implication of findings on the power utility services satisfaction was explored. Keywords: Social Science, power utility services, satisfaction, household, power quality and reliability, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Electronic-Governance in Local Government through Valenzuelako Portal: A Case Study John A. Cabaddu Pamantasanng Lungsodng Valenzuela, Valenzuela City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Ballroom

Keywords: Social Science, electronic governance, local government, descriptive design, Valenzuela City, Philippines

Computer-Operated Alternating Current Motor Control Trainer of Cebu Technological University Main Campus Reylan G. Capuno Cebu Technological University-Main Campus, Cebu City, Philippines Day 2: May 2, 2013 • Time: 4:21 - 4:40 pm Venue: Ballroom

The study was conducted at the Cebu Technological University, Main Campus. It assessed the acceptability and effectiveness of the constructed Computer-Operated Alternating Current Motor Control Trainer (COACMCT). Descriptive method particularly survey research was employed in this study. Questionnaires were given to the 10 experts and 18 students by purposive sampling. It was found out that the trainer is highly acceptable in terms of design, construction, installation, and function; the trainer is highly effective in computer-operated control system than in Manually Operated Control System; and there is significant mean difference between computer-operated control system and manual operated control system. Based on the findings of the study, the trainer met the standards in its design, construction, installation, and function. It has a capacity in controlling a single phase or three-phase motor using a computer. It is recommended that the trainer should be mass produced to carry out the basic and advanced skills in electrical technology and increase the training facility resources should be increased. Keywords: Technology, current motor control trainer, computer-operated, alternating current motor control trainer, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 2

As public interest in the Internet continues to grow, there is an increasing expectation that they will be utilized in national and local governments for not only more efficient governance but also improving public access to information and services. This paper, based on a case study discusses some of the key aspects of electronic governance of the City Government of Valenzuela through its portal Valenzuelako. It examines the value and the effectiveness of e-Services within the public sector with a focus on four specific facets of effectiveness: the view of residents; social, cultural and ethical implications; the implications of lack of access to city government information; and the citizens’ view of the usefulness and success of e-Service initiatives.Purposive sampling was used in the study using a qualitative research. Participants were asked to state their concerns about using the portal.. Majority of the participants find the governance through the portal effective. In terms of linkage and participation, the participants attested that they were satisfied with the response they got from their queries, suggestions and complaints. The portal is also effective in attracting potential investors through the available information in the portal. The results of the study also revealed that the portal reflect transparency in some aspects of governance and still needs enhancement. Additional features and further linkages with other national government entities are some of the recommendations provided in the study. The results of this research have a number of implications for practitioners, administrators, public officials, technologists, and scholars interested in using municipal websites as an innovative tool for governance.

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Performance and Work Values of the Technology and Home Economics Instructors of Isabela State University

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Jenalyn C. Andres Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Borneo

Learning depends on the hand of the teacher; hence, teachers are expected to be well-equipped to provide learning and handle different types of behavior. However, performance of teachers also varies based on innate work values in the classroom. The author employed descriptive correlational research design to determine the relationship between performance and work values of the Technology and Home Economics Professors (THE) of Isabela State University. It also aimed to find out if there is a significant relationship between the profile and the work values of the instructors and professors, between profile and teaching performance. The investigation was conducted at the nine campuses of the Isabela State University with 89 Technology Home Economics instructors and 100 students as respondents. The instrument used is made up of two parts: Part I contains the profile of the respondents and Part II adapted the 80-item Filipino Work Values Scale (FWVS) devised by Cervera. Data were analyzed using Chi-square. Findings revealed that teaching performance of the respondents is not dependent on their civil status, religion, ethnicity, field of specialization, and length of service. The length of service is significantly related to their work values of the T.H.E. instructors as well as work values and teaching performance. Keywords: Education, Performance, Filipino Work Values Scale, descriptive-correlational design, Isabela, Philippines

Compliance to Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) Standards among Motorboats Plying Iloilo and Guimaras Islands: Response to International Sea Safety and Security Requirements Miguel G. Gayo, Jr. John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University Molo, Iloilo City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Borneo

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The study determined the compliance on standards set by the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) in the Panay Island, Philippines in response to Sea Safety and Security Requirements (SSSR) among motorboats plying Iloilo and Guimaras Islands, Philippines. Quantitative-qualitative research design was applied in this research. The researchers utilized secondary data and information taken from the PCG Office, Iloilo City. Frequency count, percentage, and rank were used as descriptive tools to determine the quantitative data of the study. Interview was utilized as strategy to gather information regarding the compliance of standards among PCG officers and motorboat crew plying Iloilo and Guimaras Islands. Moreover, the study presented the compliance on standards concerning safety and security requirements. The results of the study were used to generate future discussions, talks, and conferences to draw strict compliance as stipulated by the international standards. Data obtained from this study were utilized as basis for policies implementation and monitoring among concerned government agencies on sea security and safety of the passengers and visitors who wish to explore Iloilo and Guimaras Islands in the Philippines. Keywords: Maritime transportation, compliance, PCG standards, motorboats, ISSS Requirements, descriptive design, Iloilo City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Embracing the Usage of Cellular Telephone in the 21st Century: Its Impact to Business Warren L. Acain warren.acain@gmail.com St. Peter’s College,Iligan City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Borneo

Keywords: Social Science, cellular telephone in business, impact of cellular telephone in business, perception on the impact of cellular telephone to business, descriptive design, Iligan City, Philippines

Gametogenesis and Spawning Induction in Batissaviolacea Lamarck, (1806) at Cagayan River, Philippines Eunice A. Layugan eunicelayugan@yahoo.com Cagayan State University, Aparri, Cagayan, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Borneo Batissaviolacea Lamarck (l806) locally known as “cabibi” is considered endemic in Cagayan River at Lallo, Philippines and the most expensive freshwater bivalve in the region. This study described through monthly histological examination the cytological characteristics of gametogenesis and sexual dimorphism of the gonad of B. violacea collected from the wild, and determined spawning response using serotonin. Eight category sizes of the species were established and 10 samples from each size were processed. Gonads were preserved, and subjected for histological processes to confirm gametogenesis. Using descriptive data analysis, confirmation of the identified mature stage at 31-35 mm was further tested through induction of serotonin. Results showed progressive stages of sperm formation in male follicles. Follicles could be seen in clusters and identified as to their sizes from spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. Growing female follicles appeared attached to a cytoplasmic stalk in different sizes and shapes. Initially, male germ cells appeared tiny and became concentrated at the lumen in radiating bands as they become mature. Likewise, mature oocytes with enlarged nucleus and tiny nucleolus filled the center of the lumen of the female gonad was observed. B.violacea successfully spawned using either 0.2 ml or 0.5 ml earlier (0.21 hour) compared with 36.70 hour when no injection was administered. This is a first time report in the country along the possibility of breeding the species in captivity. Keywords: Aquatic Ecology, Batissaviolacea, gametogenesis, Cagayan River, induced spawning, experimental design, Cagayan, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Cellular telephone is one of the telecommunication technologies that is believed to change the face of business and may not affect different cultures in the same way, but it is obvious that it clearly changes the behavior patterns of societies. In connection to the aforesaid breakthrough of the 21st century, this study sought to recognize the impact of cellular telephones in business avenue. Explicitly, it directed to identify its impact to its utilization in business and correlate them to the socio-economic profile. To gather the necessary data, a modified researcher-made questionnaire which was patterned from the previous studies abroad was utilized. Further, the study utilized a descriptive-correlation research design. In deriving the results, frequency and percentage, mean or rank, weighted mean, Spearman rank correlation, and likelihood chi-square test were also employed. Major findings revealed that the gadget was perceived useful in business in the aspect of utilization in communication, business cost or expenses, record filing or keeping, and profiting. Likewise, major conclusion includes that the utilization of cellular telephones in terms of business cost and record filing have reciprocal relationship with the perceived impact.

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Integrated R&D/E for Aerobic Rice Production System: Improving Productivity and Enhancing Technology Adaption in Water-scarce Areas of Cagayan Valley

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Rey C. Naval Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Borneo

Aerobic Rice Technology (ART) is a new water-saving technology for rice production which involves growing drought and disease-tolerant, high-yielding and short-duration rice varieties in non-flooded and non-puddled soil in water-scarce areas, such as rainfed, lowland and upland and tail-end portions of gravity irrigation systems. Water savings is estimated at 50%, input reduction of 30% as well as easier to management in terms of labor intensity requirements. In the farmer’s field, trials yielded harvest of 4-6 tons per hectare planted in July to January. For an experiment planted in January 2012, water use efficiency of 2.2 grams of grains produce per kg of water use was obtained as compared with only to about 0.4 g/kg for traditional flooded rice production practice. Economic return is also promising. At yield level of 4 tons per hectare, the cost of production is P34,135.20, gross sales at prevailing rate is P126,000, net income of P92,664.80 and a return of investment at 2.71.To enhance the dissemination and adaption of the technology, extension activities were undertaken such as production and distribution of brochures as techno-guides as well ART training manual; training of trainors, conduct of Farmer Participatory Trial and Field Day. Keywords: Agriculture, aerobic rice, water scarce areas, water use efficiency, rain fed, water saving technologies, quasi-experimental design, Quirino, Philippines

Cassava Root Meal Partially Replaced Trashfish in Fattening Mudcrab Andrew D. Ordonio andrewordonio@yahoo.com Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:51 – 3:10 pm Venue: Borneo

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Crab culture gained its importance due to great demand of live crabs and crab products in the export market. Mudcrab fattening, however, is too dependent to trashfish for food - a depleting practice to wild fish population. Quality feeds determine profitability of aquaculture venture. Feeds account for at least 60% of the total cost of aquaculture production. Aquatic animals have wide acceptance of feed ingredient as long as the mixture of the feed ingredients provide all nutrient, have good digestibility, contain minimum little to no toxic substances, and contain attractants. Recently, cassava was found to be good alternative feed ingredient for aquaculture as it contains soft starch, mainly amylopectin, which is easily digested in the intestine. In the two-factor, three-replication feeding experiment conducted in cell-type bamboo cages, the underutilized cassava was explored as food to partially replace trashfish in fattening mudcrab. Using the Factorial Complete Randomized Design (FCRD), mud crab monosex stocking (Factor 1) were combined with different levels of cassava root meal (Factor 2) to obtain 6 treatments. The cassava-trashfish mix facilitates enhanced growth and survival compared to mudcrabs fed with trashfish. The ROI of mudcrabs fattened with cassava-trashfish mix is higher by 12.72% compared with mudcrabs fed with trashfish. Keywords: Aquaculture, mudcrab fattening, growth performance, alternative experimental feeding, experimental design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Adoption of S & T - Based Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for Saba, Lakatan, and Latundan, in Region 2, Philippines Fredisminda M. Dolojan Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Borneo

Keywords: Agriculture, Integrated Crop Management,saba, lakatan, latundan, BBTV, descriptive design, Quirino, Philippines

Management Capability of Maritime School Administrators in Negros Island and Its Relations to Faculty and Students’ Level of Satisfaction Juliet S. Trujillo delarosajuliet76@yahoo.com Carlos Hilado Memorial State College-Talisay, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Borneo The paper addressed the issue of management capability of maritime school administrators in Negros Island and its relations to faculty and students’ level of satisfaction. Descriptive correlation design utilizing survey form questionnaire was conducted to 97 teachers and 367 students of maritime schools in Negros Island. The statistical tools were mean for descriptive objectives, t-test for comparative and Pearson r set at 0.05 alpha level for the relational objectives. The management capability of school administrators as assessed by faculty members is Very High Extent. Faculty members are Very Satisfied of management capability of school administrators. While that of the students’ are just Satisfied. Management capability of school administrators were significantly correlated with faculty level of satisfaction. No correlation was noted in the extents of management capability with the students’ level of satisfaction. The extents of management capability of school administrators greatly influence the faculty level of satisfaction. The administrators’ capability to perform their jobs effectively creates an educational climate that facilitates the fulfillment of employees and students. Keywords: Management, capability, maritime school, faculty and students’ satisfaction, descriptivecorrelation, Negros Island, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

The study on the Adoption of S & T - Based Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for the production of Saba, Lakatan, and Latundan in Region 2 aimed to improve the productivity of small-hold banana growers in select pilot areas in the region through community–based approach on the application of integrated crop management strategies and good agricultural practices for the control of major banana diseases. The project was implemented under a community-based farming scheme. Participatory rural appraisal and problem identification were the preliminary undertakings before the actual implementation phase of the project. The adoption of ICM and GAP resulted to higher yield as compared with the traditional farmers practice. Results of the study revealed that integrated crop management and good agricultural practices as strategies are effective means of preventing and controlling major banana diseases. An average of 2.44% rate of BBTV infection was observed in banana farming with intervention compared with 4.71% rate of BBTV infection for the traditional farmers practice. An average yield increase of 24.08% for Isabela banana farmer cooperators was attained while a 17.13% and 25.89% yield increase were experienced by the Nueva Vizcaya and Cagayan banana farmer cooperators respectively.

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Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standard 8: A Predictability Model

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

William T. Sucuahi wtsucuahi@yahoo.com University of Mindanao –Matina Campus, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Borneo Globalization and diversification are the trends of business nowadays. Companies’ diversification will lead to complexity of financial information and investment decision. The objective of this study is to establish the determinants of the level of compliance with International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 8 and to determine other related segment information to formulate investment strategies. The subjects of the research were the 100 diversified publicly-listed holding companies in the Philippines with 2010-2011 annual financial reports. Segment Disclosure Index (SDI) was developed to determine the level of compliance with IFRS 8. The study used firm size, company age, audit quality, profitability, leverage, growth and industry as predictors of the level of compliance. The result showed high overall level of compliance with IFRS 8 - Operating segment. Using multiple regression analysis it was found out that only firm size predicts the level of compliance with IFRS 8. Large companies mostly comply with disclosure requirement stated IFRS 8 compared to smaller companies. Most of the companies are engaged in real estate development and leasing business. Investors may look for information in the financial report particularly in segment information section before investing to lessen the risk of such investment. Keywords: Accounting, IFRS 8, disclosure, segment reporting, descriptive design, Philippines * Best Abstract Awardee for Business and Management

Mentoring The Grassroots: Silhouette of IAMURE’s Excellence in Research Precila C. Delima precy.delima@gmail.com Isabela State University-Cauayan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:31 – 4:50 pm Venue: Borneo

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Research is one of the basic thrusts of the Isabela State University along with instruction, extension and production. ISU has a distinct honor to have received the highest award in research besting other research consortia in the Philippines. This research masterpiece when complemented with IAMURE’s best practices in nurturing the grassroots can become a powerful arena in developing young researchers to be imbibed with the idea of excellence in research. The paper outlined the best practices in the undergraduate research mentoring program at Isabela State University Cauayan City Campus which is a silhouette of the IAMURE’s World Research Festival. The mentoring program was introduced to 340 senior college students which generated 89 papers from six programs. The project was carried out with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of undergraduate researches by aligning them with the university research agenda; developing the skills of the young researchers on oral presentation, preparing PowerPoint presentations using the 21- slide rule provided by IAMURE; highlighting the need to dress properly during research presentations; and introducing the concept of showcasing the researchers’ other talents during the conference. The results of the research mentoring activities were very promising. Keywords: Education, IAMURE, research mentoring, best practices in research, excellence, descriptive design, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Language Teaching Practices in Maritime English among Selected Maritime Schools in Region VI Ma. Eva M. Hilay maevehilay@yahoo.com John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation-Bacolod, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Borneo

Keywords: Language Communication, Maritime English, teaching practices, art of questioning, teachercentered approach, descriptive design, Bacolod, Philippines

Student to Student Discourses and Journal Writing: It’s Impact on Students’ Performance Dennis A. Tarepe Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Borneo The paper investigated the impact of student to student discourse and journal writing on student’s performance in terms of achievement and conceptual understanding. The students’ poor mathematics performance encouraged the researchers to undergo such work. The study utilized quantitative-qualitative quasi-experimental pretestposttest control group design to determine the extent of impact of the method on students’ performance. This study was conducted in Surigao del Sur State University, Tagbina, Surigao del Sur among first year students enrolled in Fundamentals of Mathematics. Two intact sections were chosen: one section was randomly assigned as the control group while the other section was assigned as the experimental group. Both classes were given a pretest using a teacher-made achievement test and an open-ended problem questionnaire to measure their conceptual understanding before the treatment started. The students in the experimental group were grouped by fives, and student to student discourse and journal writing were done; the control group was given lecture and seatwork. At the end of the experimental period, a posttest was given to both groups. The scores were then statistically analyzed. The result revealed that students in the experimental group performed better, both in achievement and conceptual understanding test, compared with the control group. This implies that students who were taught with student to student discourse and journal writing have better mathematics performance. The researcher recommends that mathematics teachers should use student to student discourse and journal writing in their classes. Keywords: Mathematics Education, student to student discourse, journal writing, conceptual understanding, quasiexperimental design, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Maritime colleges in the Philippines included Maritime English as a subject in the courses of Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation (BSMT) and Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering (BSMarE).Teaching the subject has been difficult due to lack of a clear concept about what and how to teach the subject. In view of this need, this study was conducted to examine the language teaching practices in Maritime English classrooms among select maritime schools in Region VI. Generally, the study utilized a descriptivequalitative method to report the practices in the following areas: (1) classroom approaches/strategies; (2) art/strategies of questioning; and (3) instructional materials. Data were gathered from 12 classes through classroom observation and a researcher-made instrument. Analysis of the data revealed the following: (1) the direct instruction approach dominated among the observed classes; (2) the factual type of questions and the knowledge level of comprehension prevailed during classroom activities; and (3) the relationship between the content and the language areas was not clearly established. Generally, the results implied a predominant use of the teacher-centered approach, questioning techniques and activities which lean toward the most basic level of comprehension, and a cognitive lull taking place during class activities.

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Shattering the Glass Ceiling: Eastern Visayas Experience

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Victoria M. Tafalla victoria.tafalla@gmail.com Samar State University, Catbalogan City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Jade 1 SUC’s in the Philippines consisted of 86 male presidents and only 25 women presidents during SY 2008-2009. Moreover, majority (16 males) are vice presidents as against 11 female vice presidents in Region VIII. This statistics indicates disparity in the recruitment and promotion of women executives. The study determined whether or not the intrinsic and extrinsic factors are motivators in the attainment of senior executive positions in SUC’s in Eastern Visayas. The study used the descriptive correlational research design in determining the relationship of the respondents’ personal variates namely: the intrinsic and extrinsic factors and their perceptions on the influence of women’s attainment of executive position. The descriptive correlational research was the design using frequency counts, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Person-Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Results revealed that leadership of senior executive officers is highly correlated with their attendance in trainings and membership in professional organizations. Their motivation is related to their educational attainment, trainings attended, their non-executive experiences and their present position. In handling conflicts, the ability of SEO to resolve them is related to their trainings and age. This implies that the higher their participation in trainings and the more professional organizations they are affiliated with, the better is their leadership orientation. Moreover female SEO’s exhibits a high sense of shared leadership; motivated by self-actualization; uses collaboration when handling conflict in the organization; has high certainty of avoidance; relies in internal locus of control; subscribe to power distance and disagrees with typical masculine ascribes strategies. Keywords: Social Science, senior executive position, Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors, women leadership roles, descriptivecorrelational,Philippines

Dibabawon Tribe Education, Livelihood and Common Illnesses in Purok Lemon, Barangay Pandapan, Tagum City Roque N. Langcoy II roque.langcoy.2@gmail.com University of Southeastern, Philippines Tagum City, Davao, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:21 – 1:40 pm Venue: Jade 1

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The migration of the Dibabawon Tribe in the accretion area of PurokLemon was due to the change of livelihood from bamboo to high valued craft like banana and palm oil in Laak where they are from. Most of them have reached elementary level only and 17.07% husbands and 12.20% wives have no education at all. There were 126 children in the community and most of them were within the age 1-10 years old. Majority of the husband respondents (90.24%) are engaged in cutting and planting bamboos; most wives (46.34) assist their husband on it. Majority of the husbands also work as habal-habal driver, laborer of the factory, banana planter and construction worker, or animal raiser. Furthermore, most of the families declared a monthly income of below one thousand pesos. The family respondents signified interest in learning livelihood activity of raising animals (chicken, hog and goat), and food preservation (sardines, chorizo, Tocino and candy making). They commonly experienced 5-6 illnesses in the form of colds, cough, fever, skin diseases and LBM. Also, they wanted to be empowered on the competencies of prevention of communicable diseases, birth control, as well as raising children with good nutrition. Keywords: Social Science, education, Dibabawon Tribe, common illness, descriptive design, Tagum City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Behavioral Problems of the Learners versus Corporal Punishment: Inputs for Classroom Management Guide Jean F. Puerto jean_puerto69@yahoo.com Cebu Technological University - Argao Campus Lamacan, Argao, Cebu, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Jade 1

Keywords: Social Science, behavioral problems, corporal punishment, classroom management guide, teachers’ perception, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

Factors Affecting Tax Compliance among Business and Self-Employed Professional Taxpayers in the Davao Region Kirt Anthony R. Diaz kirtonio@yahoo.com CorJesu College, Digos, Davao del Sur, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Jade 1 How to improve tax collection continues to be a challenging problem among fiscal managers. In the Philippines, out of the total collection for individual income tax, about 85% came from compensation income earners while those engaged in individual business and practice of profession shared only about 15% of the collection. Utilizing correlational research design, the study aimed to determine factors that influence business and professional taxpayers to comply with their tax obligations. It was performed using a survey questionnaire that was tested using Cronbach Alpha and Varimax Rotation. Data were collected from 1268 respondents consisted of business and self-employed professional taxpayers. These were analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis. Results from the quantitative analysis revealed that tax morale, tax audit, tax rate, and simplicity of the tax process are significantly related to tax compliance which implies that they are the best explanatory factors that can significantly influence taxpayer’s intention and behavior towards tax compliance. Based on the findings, it is strongly recommended that the bureau’s manpower be expanded in order to increase probability of conducting tax review enforcements like tax audit and tax mapping, simplify tax processes through computerization, and keep tax rates reasonable and affordable. Keywords: Business and Management, professional taxpayers,tax compliance, fiscal management, multiple regression analysis, descriptive-correlational, Davao del Sur, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

The elementary school teachers in the Philippines used controversial corporal punishment to foster effective discipline to the learner who displayed misbehavior. Thus, this study was conducted.It assessed the perception of the teachers of Argao Central Elementary School (ACES) towards corporal punishment based on the identified common behavioral problems of their pupils for SY 2011-2012. Descriptive method was used in gathering the data and the researchers made questionnaire was utilized in collecting the data. All primary and elementary school teachers of ACES were the respondents of the study. Percentage, weighted mean and chi - square were the statistical treatments employed. Data analysis showed that the most common behavioral problem of the teachers was on pupils’ talkativeness. Behavioral problems on no assignment, inattentiveness, failure to accomplish the assigned task, cheating and not attending flag ceremony were sometimes committed by the pupils. There is a significant difference between the primary and elementary teacher’s perception on the condition that corporal punishment can lower self-esteem. Finally, the elementary school teachers are not using corporal punishment as a way of disciplining the pupils. It is highly recommended that the proposed classroom management guide be implemented to help the teachers in preventing the occurrence of learner’s behavioral problems.

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Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Socio-Economic Benefits and Rural Development Potential of Sericulture Romeo C. Carasi ymorisarac@gmail.com Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, La Union, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Jade 1 : Sericulture is an economic and rural development activity geared towards the upliftment of the living condition of the marginalized people of the society. Likewise, it is a valuable foreign exchange earner of silk producing countries like the Philippines. This agro-based industry necessitates a workable technology in order to produce quality harvests with high economic return. Descriptive, qualitative and quantitative method of research were used in generating the useful data. Socio-economic and demographic profile were taken through floating of questionnaires followed by evaluation and orientation seminar of qualified farmers. Close supervision of seasoned extension workers ensured the smooth project operation. Attractive feature such as simple, practical and easy operation gained the interest of farmers as shown in the influx of farmers joining this farming venture. Use of local materials greatly reduced investment that resulted to higher income for family needs and farm operations. On the other hand, mulberry trees served as mitigating agent against climate change and soil displacement. Result showcased the socio-economic viability of sericulture: a subsidiary occupation of farmers and gainful employment of rural people, and environment friendly activity. Keywords: Sericulture, socio-economic benefits, rural development potential, marginal rolling areas and climate change mitigation descriptive design, La Union, Philippines

Coconut High Impact Program (CHIP) - Establishment of Pilot Community-Based Coconut Industry in Sanchez Mira, Cagayan Froilan A. Pacris, Jr. mapijan@yahoo.com Cagayan State University, Sanchez Mira, Cagayan, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Jade 1

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The CHIP - Establishment of Pilot Community-Based Coconut Industry in Sanchez Mira, Cagayan was established in 2008 under the aegis of Cagayan State University-Sanchez Mira Campus and Department of Science and Technology. It was designed to lay the groundwork for coconut industry development in the Province of Cagayan through interrelated project components such as Promotion and Advocacy, Pilot Community-based Coconut Industry, Capability Building, Marketing Linkage, Production and Value Adding. It has made some modest achievements. Using descriptive statistical survey, an industry profile of the area with focus on production, socio-economic profile of coconut farmers, problems, constraints and potential was prepared. It was able to provide livelihood opportunities to coconut farmers through capability building activities. To promote utilization of coconut by-products, campus and community-based coco vinegar production projects, coco-coir/ geotextile production centers, and a model Bio-Engineering Applications or effective erosion control for riverbanks, highways, dike, shoreline, and other landslide prone areas through the use of geotextiles, were established. To enhance support of key stakeholders, consultations and workshops were conducted. To further strengthen development effort, project phase 2 is being envisioned. As result of collaborative undertakings, an effort to develop CSU SM as Coconut Research and Training Center for Region 2 is underway. Keywords: Agriculture, coconut farmers, coconut industry development, descriptive statistical survey, Cagayan, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Women in Selected Films: Analysis of Oppression and Liberation Marinel P. Dayawon mrnlpalattao@yahoo.com Isabela State University-Cauayan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Jade 1

Keywords: Feminism, film study, oppression, liberation, selected films, descriptive design, Isabela, Philippines

Kulilising Hari: The Half-Forgotten Southern Leyte Literary Heritage Cecilia D. Arong arongcecilia@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University, Sogod, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Jade 1 The Bisayan literary heritage of Southern Leyte writers and poets are endangered nowadays. People using and writing these literary works are already old. This descriptive survey using purposive sampling recorded the kulilisinghari (kh); determined the profile and explained it in English. Three enumerators in every municipality gathered data from 1140 respondents aged 65 years and above from the 19 municipalities of Southern Leyte. Each enumerator interviewed 20 respondents using the researcher-made questionnaire. Respondents were requested to recite the kh parts while enumerators’ cellphones recorded the recited kh. After tape recording, tapescripts were made. The researchers knit all the abridged parts and presented to two aged critics: 93-year old man and 91-year old woman to get their comments as to sequencing. Each critic appeared to have already forgotten the kh but claimed that more or less, it is already complete. Of all respondents, 53.86% were 65-70 years old; 81.58% were very familiar with kh; only 0.70% well remembered/recited some parts. Most of these literary gems are almost forgotten because these are no longer used for about 40 years now. Even Southern Leyteños who were considered very eloquent in the 1960s could hardly remember due to old age and its non-usage. Keywords: Literature, Bisayan Literature, Southern Leyte, Kulilising Hari, balak, literary heritage, tape recording, familiarity, descriptive-survey, Southern Leyte, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Women in the society were always placed in the marginal sector playing its traditional role as an obedient wife, a sacrificing mother and a second rate citizen. This study was conducted to determine the true picture of women in select films employing qualitative method particularly context analysis. The two films, Bata, Bata, Paano Ka Ginawa?” (Child, child, How were you made?), and “The Color Purple” were contextually analyzed. The analysis of the two films revealed that women basically experience oppression at home; patriarchal tradition and culture strongly contributes to oppression; transcendence like participation in social movement freed them from social, cultural and economical oppression; issues on polyandry and lesbianism surfaced as form of liberation while social norms post questions on it. Despite views on women as marginalized individuals and slaves in patriarchal society, they liberate themselves in a very painful process like educating themselves, identifying their legal rights and transforming from passive to active individuals. To fully understand the role of women in the society, Women Studies should be included in the curriculum in any college courses; literary pieces to be used in educational endeavor should utilize, if not, observe equality among sexes and exemplify moral norms.

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The Language and Style of Peter Solis Nery in His Short Story, “Donato Bugtot” Etchel B. Palma etchelpalma@yahoo.com Iloilo State College of Fisheries - Dumangas Campus, Iloilo, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Jade 1

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Peter Solis Nery has flourished in the world of literature, achieved international and national recognition, and won eleven Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards in several categories in the Philippines. The study analyzed his language and style in his 2011 first prize win for Hiligaynon short story, “Donato Bugtot”. This attempt is anchored on Pernia’s concept on content analysis that examines how and where words and visuals are used in the texts to make inferences about the source, the audience, including their prevailing social, political, and cultural contexts (2009), and on Jackson’s view on stylistic analysis that discovers the linguistic features that mark the text as different from other types or other authors (2007). Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the study revealed influences of Nery’s life in the story. Some scenes are inspired by his past engagement in religious activities, and by his present job as a nurse. Cultural elements and situations common to humanity are evident. Simple words, lengthy sentences and literary techniques are adequately utilized. His conversational style that sounds like the way people really talk reflects his being a story teller. Further, his language and style create mental pictures enabling readers to participate in a variety of experiences. Keywords: Literature, criticism, Donato Bugtot, figurative language, Filipino writer, imagery, language, literary criticism, Peter Solis Nery, short story, style, Content analysis, Iloilo, Philippines * Best Abstract Awardee for Literature, Philosophy and Religion

Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Secondary Biology Teachers in Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM): Its Effect on Students’ Science Process Skills Dayamon T. Magdara dayamonmagdara@yahoo.com Mindanao State University, Marawi City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Jade 1

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The study investigated the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of the biology teachers and its relation to the science process skills of students in secondary high schools of mainland Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). Of the 17 biology teachers representing the sample school respondents, 10 expressed willingness to be observed during their classroom discourse aside from accomplishing the survey questionnaire and interview. Statistical tools like measures of central tendency, measures of variability, Somer’s d test, and correlation coefficient were utilized for the analysis of the data gathered. Results showed a great majority of the biology teachers as holders of non-science/biology degrees and have not attended seminars and trainings related to science. To augment their knowledge of the content, few of them pursued advanced courses either at the Master’s or PhD levels. Result showed that the teachers lend themselves to classification as novice, traditional, and experienced. Tests to establish correlations between teachers’ PCK and the students’ science process skills yielded very low correlations in almost all constructs when tested using the alpha 0.05 level of significance. In conclusion, the biology teachers from the two provinces (Lanaodel Sur and Maguindanao) of the mainland ARMM are not science or biology-oriented teachers, therefore providing proof of a mismatch between teachers’ qualifications or preparation/training and their teaching assignment. Keywords: Education, pedagogical content knowledge, Science process skills, descriptive design, Marawi City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Implementation and Competencies Acquisition in Field Study Courses in State University and Colleges in Region XI Jeanette G. Pedriña nettejhunp@yahoo.com University of Southeastern Philippines Tagum City, Davao, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Jade 1

Keywords: Education, field study, pre-service teachers, competencies, descriptive-correlation design,Region X1, Davao, Philippines

Training Needs of the Practicing Civil Engineers in Cebu City in the Area of Structural Design: Basis for a Training Course Design Alex C. Mayor formayorko@gmail.com Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Jade 1 One of the weaknesses of the civil engineers in the practice of their profession is in the area of structural designing. This study identified the training needs of practicing civil engineers in Cebu City in the area of structural design in order to develop a training course for enhancement and competency on this area. The profile of the civil engineers relative to the level of education, expertise and trainings were determined. On the other hand, the need of the civil engineers with regard to structural design and analysis was also examined. In order to complete the information from the civil engineers, the problems encountered by them in the actual practice of structural designing were investigated. The study used the descriptive method research as it attempted to find out the truth from the data gathered through the questionnaire. The respondents of the study were the practicing civil engineers in Cebu City engaged in both construction and structural designing. The data were collected, tallied and tabulated and were subjected to interpretation and analysis using the simple percentage formula and weighted mean. Based on the findings of the study, some of the civil engineers in Cebu City needed some trainings. The output of the study is a training course recommended for civil engineers for enhancement purpose. Keywords: Social Science, training needs, structural design, Training Course Design, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Field study is a valuable component of the New Teacher Education Curriculum. This training package is believed to enhance competencies in handling teaching realities. The study determined relationship and influence between instructional management, and implementation of FS courses guidelines to competencies acquisition in the implementation of FS courses of State University and Colleges (SUCs) in Region XI, Philippines. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were applied, specifically the descriptive correlation research design which utilized four sets of questionnaires. It was found out that there were no significant relationships both on instructional management and implementation of FS courses guidelines to knowledge; however there were significant relationships both on instructional management and implementation of FS courses guidelines to skills and attitudes in the implementation of FS Courses. The instructional management and implementation of FS courses guidelines do not significantly influence the knowledge competency acquisition of PSTs in the implementation of FS Courses; however, skills and attitudes acquired in the implementation of FS courses of SUCs are significantly influenced by the said variables. The focus group discussion data revealed that competencies of pre-service teachers in SUC TEIs were improved and developed despite the varied concerns on the implementation of FS Courses.

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English Communication Competences of Job Entrants: Basis for Curriculum Enhancement

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Darlene D. Sabandal darlene_sabandal@yahoo.com John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation –Bacolod, Bacolod City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:31 – 5:50 pm Venue: Jade 1 This study is concerned with the education of students who graduated BSHRM degree from John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation–Bacolod, during SY 2012-2013. Utilizing the descriptive research design, the study looked into their level of English communication competence. Expectedly, the level of English communication competence is affected by the standards of the Commission on Higher Education on the English Curriculum of the BSHRM program. The college is located in Bacolod City, Philippines. A total of 151 samples were selected from five sections using the stratified sampling technique. Instruments for gathering data on skills in English communication competence of graduating students and the report on the findings of the CHED on the compliance of the school with its standards were used. Mean was utilized to determine the level of English communication competence; Chi-Square is used to determine any significant differences in communication competence among the students and compliance of the school with CHED standards. The findings showed that the level of English Communication Competence of graduating students of JBLCF-B is high, and that CHED standards do not significantly affect the English Communication Competence of students. Hence, an enhancement plan for improving portions of the BSHRM English Curriculum of JBLCF-B is recommended. Keywords: Language and Communication, communication competence, curriculum enhancement, descriptive design, Bacolod City,Philippines

Solid Waste Pollution: Basis for Closure Enforcement Policy of Banwalan Dumpsite in GSC Ava Clare Marie O. Robles ava_robles@yahoo.com Mindanao State University, General Santos City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Jade 2

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Currently, General Santos City is identified as a growing city in terms of population and economic development. However, taking into account the downside of progress pollution and garbage generation need to be controlled to circumvent menace to the environment. One means to address these problems is by conducting a study on solid waste pollution. Corollary to this, the study: identified the respondents’ practices on proper waste management; determined the projected the total waste generated in General Santos City; and proposed a closure enforcement policy as prompt action in protecting people’s health for any untoward contamination. The research design is descriptive-analytic and utilized triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods of data gathering. There were 1, 246 randomly selected respondents from 22 local communities. Additionally, it utilized questionnaire, documentary analysis, interview and seminar for data gathering. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the people in GenSan often practice proper waste management. This implies that they have not completely imbibed proper waste management practices. Based on the projected total waste, it crafted a closure policy as a primary response for equitable well-being of the residents in Banwalan. This will ensure the health security of the people once the dumpsite closes. Keywords: Social Science, Solid Waste Pollution, Closure Enforcement Policy, Policy Formulation, Solid Waste Practices, Waste Analysis, descriptive-analytic design, General Santos City, Philippines * Best Abstract Awardee for Ecology

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Solo Parents’ Dependents: Their Psycho-Social Behavior, Experiences, Challenges and Aspirations Bernardo A. Zabala, Jr. zbernardojr@yahoo.com Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Cabanatuan City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Jade 2

Keywords: Sociology, psycho-social behavior, experiences, challenges, aspirations, descriptive design, Cabanatuan City, Philippines

Cultural Governance: Voices in the 20th Century Virginia Barbara P. Nillas jpnillas@yahoo.com University of Southeastern Philippines, Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:41 – 2:00 pm Venue: Jade 2 In Asuncion Cabaywa where the Mandayas are located, political life is a continuance of the belief and traditions with some provisions of the IPRA LAW embedded in their governance system. The data collection is derived through the interview schedule and questions derived for clarification based on their experiences and insights which served as a guide for the in-depth interview and for the focus group discussion to generate the data. In the everyday dealings, Mandaya governance have acknowledged the part of the Magbabaya and spirits through the Babaylan and submitting themselves to the leadership of a Datu –Bagani, who is possessed of the authority to look after the community. The governance system works with the authority of the elders or Matikadong who is behind the decision-making process of every aspect of the social life : during the start of engagement up to marriage , from the identification of the culprit of misdemeanors up to the point of trial and judgment of the wrong act. The justice system provides for settlement of disputes, giving fines and punishment .Every aspect of their life is weaved with the influence of the tribal leader even in the advent of modernization. Keywords: Social Science, cultural governance, voices, descriptive design, Davao del Norte, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Single parenting is a crucial challenge to anybody who loses his/her loved ones in any situation be it by accident, separation, or any other means. This research focused on the two sub-sections of the law that give emphasis of the whole picture of a solo parent dependents regarding their psycho-social behavior, experiences, challenges and aspirations of solo dependents. Qualitative type of research through a case study approach was utilized using purposive sampling. Ten select samples, among 100 recommended samples that passed the criteria set by the researcher, were considered in the study. Prior consent was established from the samples. It was conducted in Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Cabanatuan City, Philippines from different provinces of Regions II and III such as Nueva Viscaya, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Pampanga, Bataan, Zambales, Tarlac, and Aurora. Frequency counts, percentage and weighted mean were utilized. Structured, unstructured interviews, observations and checklists were utilized. It deduced that the samples possessed individual differences on their social makeup, experiences, challenges and aspirations. It was recommended that the samples should maintain close relationships to God, their parents, relatives, peers, and community. They should also actively participate in school, community, religious, and social activities.

175

Jigsaw Approach in Cooperative Learning: Its Effect on Problem Solving Skills for Physics

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Renan P. Limjuco ren02lim@yahoo.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:11 – 2:30 pm Venue: Jade 2 This study was conducted to determine whether or not the jigsaw approach as a cooperative learning strategy can significantly improve the problem solving skills in physics of the First Year Pharmacy students of the University of the Immaculate Conception for SY 2011-2012. The researcher utilized the quasi-experimental design and purposively chose one class with 40 students to compose the experimental group and another class of the same size to form the control group. The students from the experimental group were supervised through the jigsaw approach for three weeks as they studied Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion. The test scores from the 50-multiple choice-item Physics Questionnaire (α = 0.90) were the data used in the study. Frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test were the statistical tools utilized in the analyses of the data. Findings of the study revealed that the problem solving skills in physics of the Pharmacy students were significantly improved by the jigsaw approach. The researcher also utilized a focus group discussion for the triangulation of the method which validated that students who were subjected to jigsaw approach became more proficient, responsible, facilitative, and approachable as learners. The students felt that they needed to study not only for themselves but also for their group mates. Keywords: Physics education, cooperative learning, jigsaw approach, problem solving skills, quasiexperimental design, Davao City, Philippines

The Influence of Students’ Thinking Style and Triarchic Intelligence on their Mathematics Performance Aniceto B. Naval a.naval@smciligan.edu.ph Mindanao University of Science and Technology Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:31 – 2:50 pm Venue: Jade 2

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The study endeavored to investigate the contributions of the students’ thinking styles and natural abilities known as the triarchic intelligence on their mathematics performance. Students of different natural abilities from two intact classes of College Algebra course were taken as the participants of the study who underwent different reinforcement through interventions. Traditional reinforcement was applied to control group while experimental group underwent triarchic intervention involving analytical, creative, and practical based instructions. Students’ dominant natural abilities were determined through Stenberg’s Triarchic Human Intelligence Survey; their thinking styles were measured through Thinking Style Questionnaire; and their mathematics performance were evaluated via multiple-choice for achievement scores and open-ended questions for problem-solving skills by utilizing a validated researchers’ framed Achievement Test in College Algebra. Data analysis was based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to obtain a single numerical index on the students’ preferred thinking styles and their most dominant natural abilities based on the 13 styles categories and the three triarchic intelligences, respectively. Findings revealed that styles of thinking, triarchic intelligence, and mathematics performance were significantly correlated to each other. Moreover, after controlling the students’ abilities, styles of thinking significantly contribute to prediction of mathematics performance. Keywords: Mathematics Education, Thinking styles, triarchic intelligence, mathematics performance, experimental design, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Readiness, Difficulty, and Competency in General Chemistry: Basis for Developing an Enrichment Strategy Marisol S. Foronda marisol_s_foronda@yahoo.com Isabela State University-Cauayan Campus, Cauayan City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Jade 2

Keywords: Social Science,readiness, difficulty, General Chemistry Competency Test, descriptive design, Isabela

Impact of Rice Production Loan of Land Bank of the Philippines to the Select Cooperatives and Its Members in Caraga Region Emiliana J. Lozano lozano_emiliana@yahoo.com Father SaturninoUrios University, Butuan City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Jade 2 The Rice Production Loan Program of Land Bank of the Philippineshas been implemented for quite a long time but its impact was not documented; hence, this study was conducted. It also determined the farmers’ profile, challenges and profitability in the rice production business. The study utilized the descriptive-QUALQuan research design. Findings revealed that rice production loan has an impact to the cooperatives in terms of income, savings deposit, capital build-up and to the members in term of income, savings, settlement of electric bills, employment of family members, education of children, health maintenance, clothing and house improvement. The challenges encountered were drought, heavy rain, flood, non-availability of fertilizer on time and high cost of production. These attributed the profitability of rice business in rainfed and lowlying areas to an average of 20.49%, very much lower compared with other Southeast Asian countries which is 57.26% though some underlying factors need to be investigated further. Generally, the impact of rice production loan to cooperatives is higher but minimal to members. Keywords: Agricultural Economics, impact, rice production loan, descriptive-QUAL-Quan, design, cooperatives, Butuan City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Besides being a science in its own right, there is no question or doubt that Chemistry contributes greatly to the development of technology around the world. This study was conducted to determine the perceived level of readiness, difficulty and competency of students to specific learning tasks in General Chemistry. The instruments were validated and answered by the respondents classified into three groups: presently taking General Chemistry, successfully passed General Chemistry, and will be taking General Chemistry. Encompassing both descriptive and correlational designs, the results obtained were analyzed using weighted mean, Pearson r, ANOVA and Post-hoc test (LSD) and revealed that: (1) the respondents perceived that they have good readiness level and the learning tasks in General Chemistry are not difficult nor easy; and (2) their competency in General Chemistry is unsatisfactory. Hence, the readiness to learn does not improve the competency of students in General Chemistry contrary to the law of readiness introduced by Edward Thorndike. There is a need to develop an enrichment strategy that will help the students improve their competency in General Chemistry.

177

Food Processing and Livelihood Development Project Cum Techno Bazaar and Pasalubong Center

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Renato B. Salmingo chmsc_rds@yahoo.com Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Talisay City, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:41 – 4:00 pm Venue: Jade 2 This study was conducted as food processing center for food products at Carlos Hilado Memorial State College and Techno Bazaar cum Pasalubong Center showcase the products of CHMSC and SUCs in Region VI and the transfer of technology through food processing and preservation. The project generated livelihood and income generating project to 90 residents of Barangays in the City. Descriptive and Qualitative method of research was used in the study. Frequency and percentage were used as statistical tools. The findings revealed that local communities leveled up through in-service and pre-service training interventions on food processing, good manufacturing practices and food safety practices in the satellite centers in the community and diversified product components. Products marketability has been enhanced reaching out fiestas, festivals, and big events in the province, region and Metro Manila. The Techno Bazaar & Pasalubong Center sells as products such astaro and banana chipswhich were subjected to bioanalysis as benchmarking and recommendation of the panel during product presentation in regional and national fora. The researcher recommended that another run of bioanalysis should be conducted to enhance product quality, packaging materials and to consider suppliers of direct materials. Keywords: Food Science and Technology, food processing, livelihood project, techno-bazaar, Pasalubong Center, descriptive design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Teaching Styles of In-Service Master of Arts in Education Students Nadine C. Matondo nadine_matondo@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte,Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:11 – 4:30 pm Venue: Jade 2

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Teachers are expected to own and master brilliant knowledge of content and pedagogy. The way a teacher presents information and interacts with his or her students is greatly affected by his or her predominant teaching style. Thus, this study generally aimed to determine the current teaching styles of In-Service MAED students of SLSU-TO. The teaching style preferences of 57 teachers who enrolled Master of Arts in Education were assessed by using the descriptive survey method. Each participant then completed the Web-based 40item teaching style survey questionnaire adopted from Grasha-Riechmann (1996) and 12-set teaching style inventory of Center for Occupational Research and Development or CORD (2005). Mean scores on each inventory showed that most basic education teachers prefer primarily on being expert, formal authority, personal model and delegator as their styles in teaching rather than being a facilitator which preferred only moderately. Furthermore, teachers preferred rote learning to analysis as their teaching goals. Some preferred analysis to rote learning but did not focus on practical applications. They also preferred students to process information through symbols and language and work individually than learn through manipulative and hands-on activities collaboratively. This implies that teachers possess particular style in teaching which some vary from one another. Keywords: Education, teachingstyle, descriptive-design, Southern Leyte, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

The Correlation of National Competency-Based Teacher Standards to Critical Thinking Skills Josephine C. Visande josephinevisande@gmail.com Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:31 – 4:50 pm Venue: Jade 2

Keywords: Social Science, teacher standard, critical thinking, NCBTS, Philippine Education, descriptive design, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

K-12 Basic Education Program: Its Benefits and Degree of Constraints Maricar Flores ms.khar8888@gmail.com St. Paul University - Dumaguete Campus, Negros Oriental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:51 – 5:10 pm Venue: Jade 2 The Philippine K-12 Basic Education Program received quite unenthusiastic responses from some parents, teachers, and school administrators. This study hopefully helps in the preparation and implementation of the program. Randomly sampled respondents answered a questionnaire to determine the 1) perceived attainability of the potential benefits presented by the Department of Education, 2) degree of possible constraints, and 3) factors that could prevent the occurrence of the potential constraints. Utilizing Weighted Mean, T-test, and ANOVA, findings revealed that despite apprehension about its success, respondents are very confident that the benefits are attainable. The parents and school administrators perceived the constraints as constant but manageable, while the teachers see them as slight. Utilizing Content Analysis, the constraints were also considered preventable through information dissemination of the benefits of the program and allocation of adequate budget by the government. Thus, there is a strong positive perception that the benefits are attainable and the constraints are preventable. The study, therefore, recommended thorough preparation and implementation of the program, continuous motivation and support from parents to their children, capability building of the competencies among basic and tertiary teachers, total commitment of school administrators for maximum allocation of human and physical resources, and dynamic collaboration among stakeholders. Keywords: Social Science, education, benefits and constraints of K-12 Basic Education Program, descriptive design, Negros Oriental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

This study was conducted to strengthen the advocacy for a critically minded society. This is a felt need of the Commission on Higher Education as evidenced by its mission to develop critical thinking in its instruction. Being the heart of human formation, and education’s basis for teacher evaluation, the National CompetencyBased Teacher Standards (NCBTS) in terms of students’ level of the evaluation of the concept, was used to relate to their level of acquired critical thinking skills. A descriptive method was used to study the education students from the three private universities in Cagayan de Oro City. A proportionate simple random sampling was utilized. Three researcher-made questionnaires were used in gathering data. Statistics used were percentages, means, standard deviations, T-Test, F-Test, and simple linear regression. In-depth interviews were conducted. The study revealed POOR students’ collective rating of NCBTS, FAIR Critical Thinking Skill , significant finding in the students’ Synthesis level of acquired critical thinking skills and the students’ level of NCBTS, and a highly significant (F=67.46**) correlation between NCBTS and Critical Thinking. Thus, NCBTS learning is vital to the development of students’ critical thinking skills. It is recommended that NCBTS be strictly advocated among teachers and future teachers.

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Triangulation Analysis of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People’s Evaluations of Anti-Homophobia Violence Rome B. Moralista jerlynagustar@yahoo.com West Visayas State University - Calinog, Campus Calinog, Iloilo Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Jade 3

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

The study examined how lesbian, gay, and bisexual people evaluate the severity of their violent experiences. It was a qualitative study that focused on the severity of lesbian, gay and bisexual that was given relatively little attention to class, and gender as systems of power. This study, based on in-depth interviews, revealed that the respondents (Filipino men and women) often perceived that the lesbian, gay, and bisexual people had positive representation in their communities, whereas lesbians emphasized their autonomy and selfsufficiency to challenge this discourse. Filipino gay men underscored their emotional and physical strength to undermine perceptions that they were weak for identifying as gay. Finally, lesbian, gay, and bisexual people experienced equal treatment in different ways depending on their social position, as lesbians faced discourse that neither lesbians nor gay men were likely to confront. Keywords: Social Science, triangulation analysis, lesbian, gay,bisexual people, evaluations, anti-homophobia, violence, descriptive design, Iloilo, Philippines

The Epistemological Approach on the Subjugation of Women Maricar U. Juaneza kaka_juaneza@yahoo.com University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Jade 3

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Feminism and Women Liberation Movement have substantially gained influence and relative power in political and cultural struggles but have not fully eradicated the kind of oppression or subjugation of women. The physical, clear and present restraint only transformed to an innate and rational oppression. This reality led the researcher to ask what truly causes subordination of women if the feminist movements deny the idea that the “subjugation is essentially feminine”. Thus, this study aimed to provide baseline information in the understanding of power relations in the micro level experiences of both men and women that leads to the subjugation of women. Central to this analysis is Foucault’s idea that the body and sexuality are cultural constructs rather than natural phenomena. Another lens used in this analysis is the material dialectics of gender relations that further strengthens the idea that historical and material factors shaped and defined the epistemological construct of the human person that led to the subjugation of women. The study therefore concluded that it is not enough that women are given economic empowerment and social recognition to liberate them. Rather, it is the freedom of the mind to exercise power that shall break the “naturalized” inferiority of women. Keywords: Social Science, feminism, epistemology, power relations, dialectical materialism, women empowerment, descriptive design, Cotabato, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Intelligence, Executive Functioning and Trauma Symptoms among Women with Childhood Sexual Abuse History Jacqueline V. Iglesias jacqueiglesias@gmail.com Nueva Vizcaya State University - Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Jade 3

Keywords: Social Science, CSA, intelligence, executive functioning, trauma symptoms, descriptive-correlational, Manila, Philippines * Best Abstract Awardee for Social Science

Cooperative Learning and Oral Critical Analysis of Filipino Independent Films: “Serbis,” “Kinatay” and “Noy” Marsan S. Dela Salde marsandelasalde@yahoo.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Jade 3 Being aware of the 21st-Century Skills that must be developed among the learners today and also having been intrigued by the proliferation of independent films that carry sensitive social issues, the researcher measured the levels of positive attitude towards the use of cooperative learning and of oral critical analysis of Filipino independent films “Noy,” “Serbis” and “Kinatay.” The investigation also determined if there is a significant relationship between the attitude towards cooperative learning and the oral critical film analysis of the Filipino 2 students of the University of the Immaculate Conception. Thirty-two respondents were purposely selected as participants of the study. A 20-item researcher-made questionnaire (α = 0.92) was used to assess the level of attitude towards cooperative learning strategy and a 9-item criteria scoring rubric (α = 0.90) was utilized to rate the oral critical film analysis of the participants. Findings of the study revealed that the level of attitude towards cooperative learning as an instructional strategy is moderately high while the level of oral critical analysis is low. There is a moderate correlation between these two variables. Generally, the students hardly grasped the real intention of the independent films which are presented more as art forms rather than as entertaining materials. Keywords: Film study, cooperative learning, oral critical analysis, Filipino independent films, descriptivecorrelational, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is one of the most traumatic incidents that can happen to young girls. Its long term effects are manifested through various adjustment and coping problems in the physical, social, emotional, cognitive and other aspects of well-being. The comparative-correlational study was aimed to determine the a) correlation of intelligence, executive functioning and trauma symptoms among the abused group; and b) difference between the intelligence and executive functioning of the abused and non abused groups. It utilized the Harvard Trauma Scale and Hopkin’s Symptoms Checklist 25. Results showed that when the abused group was compared with the nonabused group, they exhibited lower level of intelligence, as measured by WAIS R; increased Executive Dysfunction as measured by BRIEF A and clinically significant anxiety and depression symptoms as measured by HSCL. CSA factor severity of the abuse is associated with the increased Executive Dysfunction The significant relationship between the executive functioning and trauma symptoms among the abused group implies the developmental influence of CSA was associated with the increased executive dysfunction and increased severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. The significant difference between the two groups in executive functioning suggests that CSA is related to the difficulty of planning, organizing and implementing goals.

181

Engendering the Gendered: Representations and Co-Constructions in High School Literary Discussions

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Priscilla G. Sarabia-Cielo Priscillasarabia.82@gmail.com St. Paul University - Dumaguete Campus, Negros Oriental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Jade 3 If non-sensitive language pervades in textbooks, teachers could carefully evaluate and discuss alternatives so that students’ awareness of language that is non-judgmental and responsive to various realities is raised. Using a qualitative design, this study intended to examine a high school textbook and class’s extent of language sensitiveness. Content analysis revealed no equal representation of men and women. There are more men authors and characters than women. Higher-level works were assigned to men, while care-providing and home-related management was assigned to women. Men are presented as leaders, successful, and courageous, while women are portrayed as emotional, nurturing, self-sacrificing, and passive. Discourse analysis of the classroom discussion showed the co-constructions of genders in a relationship: the men lovers are the “true lovers”; the women characters are wicked and inflict pain on their men. Randomly chosen students complained during the Focus Group Discussion that these images are unreflective of reality. The textbook and classroom discussions evidently revealed gender misconceptions, which were due to the teacher-led discussions’ inability to bring in both historical and literary contexts. This study therefore recommends that teachers should include in their classes historical contexts of sexist texts that are historically rooted, together with balancing texts that show gender-fair roles and assumptions. Keywords: Gender sensitivity, content and discourse analyses, Dumaguete City, Philippines

The Phenomenological Approach to News Writing: An Innovation Nestor Godofredo B. Ramirez nestorjourn@gmail.com University of San Jose Recoletos, Cebu City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Jade 3:

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The orthodox way of Mass Communication and Journalism education is to let students undergo three years of lecture and have their internship on the fourth or last year of their college life. The process is effective, but there is a faster and effective way to learn news writing. The Phenomenological Approach to writing news would allow students to learn the rudiments of writing news article through the reverse process of immersion to the field and later expound the phenomena that they went through during their exposure in the context of journalistic discipline. The Phenomenological Approach to writing news article is the fastest and most effective way to teach students write news article because they would be exposed to the phenomena of identifying the topic to write about, interviewing of sources, weeding out of non-essential details and putting together the information into one coherent article. Expounding the phenomena that the students went through hallows the students to absorb journalistic values easily by relating their experience to the theories of good journalism during the workshop. Keywords: Mass Communication, phenomenological approach, Journalism, workshop, internship, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Strategic Class Management of State Universities and Colleges Faculty through Class Performance Tracking Cheryll N. Minami cheryllminami@gmail.com Guimaras State College, McLain, Buenavista, Guimaras, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Jade 3

Keywords: Information Technology, classroom management, class performance tracking, visual interfaces, accelerated student assessment,faculty decision-making support, descriptive design, Guimaras, Philippines

Central EDucational “CED” Websitein Teaching Artificial Intelligence Eddie I. Peru cedperu7@gmail.com Isabela State University, Cauayan City, Isabela, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Jade 3 Technology when used wisely will reduce operational cost and will increase access to quality education. The study aimed to develop Central Educational website and to determine its effectiveness in teaching Artificial Intelligence. The study made used the quasi-experimental research design. Library and internet research are the primary techniques used. The instruments used to gather data include the questionnaire for the experimental group, and achievement test. T-test was used in comparing and determining the significant differences of the scores mean. The study revealed that there is a significant difference in the achievement test performance of the students exposed to the use of the CED website than those students exposed to the usual traditional exposition. Students strongly agreed in the contents and maintenance of the CED website specifically in Data Reusability, Data Maintainability, Data Security, Usefulness and Functionality and Manner of Presentation. It is concluded that the use of CED website as an enhancer of teaching strategy in Artificial Intelligence is more effective in terms of optimizing learning, than the usual traditional exposition method. The researcher recommended that the CED website in teaching Artificial Intelligence for higher development of the students through the online modules, blogs and forum be used. Keywords: Information Technology, development and effectiveness of website, quasi-experimental, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Class Performance Tracking is a strategic approach on classroom management working on visually assisted, real time monitoring and reporting of student performances and class as a whole. This study aimed to support decisionmaking of College faculty in the conduct of a class based on accelerated assessment from real time computation and visual representation of records. Prototype was developed to implement incremental computation of records and generating corresponding statistical graph of computed records. Computed records rendered in numerical data and statistical graph facilitates fast and timely assessment of student and class performances. The timely assessment enhances decision-making of Faculty in the conduct of a class. Since the implementation of the concept is computer-based, results of the study showed that computer literacy of a faculty members impacts the overall effectiveness of the tracking concept. Basic to advanced level computer literate faculty members has improved class management due to accelerated computation. As to visual support on improving class management, basic level computer literate faculty members cannot as soon recognize the functionality of statistical graph or even how to make use of it. Improvement in class management from both accelerated computation and visual support is significant on faculty members with intermediate to advanced level computer literacy.

183

The Use of Weebly as ICT Tool for Environmental Advocacy

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Ava Clare Marie O. Robles ava_robles@yahoo.com Mindanao State University, General Santos City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Jade 3 In response to the challenge put forward by the Philippine Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD), this study endeavored at utilizing a free and powerful website whereby students can devise a framework of their environmental advocacy. Once used, the said tool possessed features that are considered as simple and cost-effective with timely access processes for people worldwide. On this premise, the study attempted to find out the benefits of employing environmental advocacy initiatives to BSED students. Likewise, it showcased a clear-cut output of students on how environmental advocacy was done using “Weebly”. Moreover, implications to policy makers, environmental advocacy groups, and academicians were made. Using qualitative and qualitative research design, the findings of the study revealed that employment of environmental advocacy serves as excellent avenue for students’ holistic and authentic learning; and it contributed directly to the development of students’ life- long skills. Equally important, the use of Weebly has a sturdy strand towards students’ advocacy makeup. Re-orientation of the existing education program must be done so infusion of environmental advocacy is aligned in the HEIs’ educational program. In conclusion, this teaching methodology however, can be of contribution to the realization of Philippine Agenda 21. Keywords: Information Technology, Weebly , environmental advocacy; environmental education, authentic learning, ICT strategy, descriptive design, General Santos City, Philippines

An Exploratory Case Study on University Students’ Experiences in Working Non-Routine Problem Solving Marvin S. Daguplo daguplosdv@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Jade 3

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The goal of non-routine problem solving (NRPS) in mathematics curriculum is to develop mathematical reasoning power and fostering that mathematics is a creative endeavor. Having students do NRPS encourages the move from speciﬁc to general thinking - the ability to think in more abstract way. Anchored on this perspective, this exploratory case study delved on how university education students specifically describe their experiences in doing NRPS through interview, FGD and journal writing. Qualitative analysis revealed that respondents describe NRPS as difficult, demanding, and mentally interesting and challenging endeavor. They further narrated that factors like cognitive ability, attitude towards the subject, students’ behavior and interest, teaching strategies, mathematical foundation, peer influence, and difficulty of the problem were very influential in the performance of NRPS. To overcome difficulties, respondents did self and group studies, solved problems, hired tutors, and reviewed previous notes. Lastly, they revealed that working NRPS is an experience of failure and success, fear and excitement, frustration and satisfaction, competition and cooperation. The study concluded that students’ experiences vary according to how they viewed problem solving in mathematics. Thus, it is recommended that various creative mathematical activities should be implemented to cater to complex responses of the students in doing NRPS. Keywords: Mathematics, problem solving, non-routine problem solving, exploratory case study, descriptive design, Southern, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Effects of Practical Work Approach on the Performance of College Students in Graph Theory Raquel D. Quiambao racquel_quiambao@yahoo.com.ph Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University –South La Union Campus, Agoo, La Union, Philippines

Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:51 - 5:10 pm Venue: Jade 3

Keywords: Mathematics, graph theory, practical work approach, manipulative skills, experimental design, La Union,Philippines

On Cryptogram: Building Appreciation of the Utility of Matrix Concepts Renan P. Limjuco ren02lim@yahoo.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:11 - 5:30 pm Venue: Jade 3 The lack of interest of students in mathematics is caused by the absence of its concrete applications for everyday life. This issue is common especially in matrix concepts. Thus, this study aimed to showcase a fascinating application of matrices called cryptogram. A cryptogram is a message written so that no one other than the intended recipient can understand it. To encode a message, one assigns a number to each letter in the alphabet: A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, …, Z = 26, and a space = 0. The numerical equivalent of the message is then converted into a matrix. An invertible matrix can be utilized to convert the message into code. The multiplicative inverse of this matrix can be utilized to decode the message. The investigation dealt with the concepts of cryptogram encoding and decoding. Twenty-five students were given some messages to convert and encode and also 25 acted as recipients of the coded messages, who were tasked to decode them. After the exercise, the McNemar’s Change Test was conducted to assess the degree of appreciation for the utility of the matrix concepts. The findings revealed that a significant change in the evaluation of the students is in favor of their appreciation of application. Keywords: Mathematics, cryptogram, encode, decode, matrix concepts, McNemar’s change test, experimental design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

The role of mathematics in man’s life is an established fact. However, the marked difficulty experienced by students in learning mathematics as noted by the researcher calls for the need of alternative approaches to enhance performance. This paper dealt with the effects of practical work approach on the performance of college students in Graph Theory, specifically on the interaction effects of teaching approach with mathematical ability and manipulative skills. The post test-only control group true experimental design was used. Findings showed that below-average and above-average mathematical ability students taught by practical work approach performed better than their counterparts in the conventional approach. Moreover, the students with high and low manipulative skills taught by the practical work approach performed better than those students with high and low manipulative skills taught by the conventional approach. Furthermore, results of the ANCOVA revealed a significant interaction between teaching approach and mathematical ability. Overall, the practical work approach as a teaching strategy was shown to be significantly effective in improving performance of the students in Graph Theory. Practical work approach should be adopted by teachers to enhance performance of students in said course.

185

Coconut-pineapple Intercrop at SLSU-Hinunangan Campus

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Romecita R. Rosolada citaroze@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University -Hinunangan Campus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:41 – 6:00 pm Venue: Jade 3 The study was conducted to test the profitability of coconut-pineapple intercrop at SLSU-Hinunangan Campus and to provide planting materials for farmers interested to pursue in such venture. Land preparation, Fertilizer application, Cultivation and Weed control followed recommended cultural management practices. Pineapples were planted 2m from the base of the coconut and about 25cm within rows and 75cm between rows, at 8-10cm deep. Some pineapple plants were sprayed with Ethrel or with calboro (Calcium Carbide) for flower induction in staggered basis. Fruits intended for home consumption were harvested when they were 1/4th yellow in color. Non-marketable harvested fruits (slightly damaged and small fruits) were processed into pineapple jam and jelly. Results showed a significant increase in the number of nuts harvested from coconut trees in the project site that can be attributed to the coconut benefitting from the cultivation and fertilizer application to the pineapple plants. Despite some losses due to bad weather condition, rat damage and theft, cost-and return analysis still shows the profitability of the project. Moreover, a lot of farmers availed of pineapple planting materials. Further studies should be conducted on the project such as ground baiting or crown baiting to minimize rat damage in both coconut and pineapple plants. Keywords: Agriculture,coconut, pineapple, intercrop, experimental design, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Survival and Settlement Rates of Haliotis asinina larvae at Different Salinity Levels Jean Rose H. Maquirang jeanrose.maquirang@gmail.com University of Antique, Tario-Lim Memorial Campus, Antique, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 6:01 – 6:20 pm Venue: Jade 3

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The study was conducted to determine optimum salinity levels (24 ppt, 28 ppt, 32 ppt, 36 ppt and 40 ppt) for the survival and settlement rates of H. asinina in a complete randomized design with three replicates each. The experimental animals were reared in 15 glass aquaria for the first run and in plexiglass for the second run. Feeding of Navicula spp. was done once a day. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were monitored throughout the experiment. Data gathered were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA to determine significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level of significance using SPSS. Result of the first run showed that 32 ppt had the highest mean survival (1.50%) and mean settlement rates (1.84%). Similar result was also observed in 32 ppt which obtained the highest mean survival (9.72%) and mean settlement rates (16.42%). Significant difference existed among treatments during the first and second run of the experiment. Present results showed that 28 ppt and 32 ppt are the optimum salinity levels for survival and settlement rates of H. asinina. Further study should be conducted to determine tolerance and settlement rates of H. asinina larvae to lower salinities until it reaches juvenile stage with first respiratory pore appearing. Keywords: Philippines

Science, Haliotis asinina, survival, settlement, salinity levels, experimental design, Antique,

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Development of Saccharomyces cerevisae Fermentation Assay to Determine Sugar Glycemic Index Mary Jane G. Barluado maryjanebarluado@gmail.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 6:21 – 6:40 pm Venue: Jade 3

Keywords: Food Science technology Biotechnology, Glycemic Index, Fermentation, S. cerevisiae, Davao City Philippines

Strengthening and Preserving Practices of Philippine Folk Dances in Relation to Cultural Awareness of Secondary Students of Davao City Porferia S. Poralan febferry@gmail.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:00 - 1:20 pm Venue: Mindanao The study determined the levels of practices in strengthening and preserving of the Philippine folk dances and general knowledge on folkdances as a measure of cultural awareness of the secondary students of Davao City. The respondents of the study were the 37 MAPEH teachers and 1896 secondary school students of AY 2011-12 teaching or enrolled, respectively, in public high schools in three congressional districts of Davao City. The mean was used to describe the levels of practices concerning the strengthening and preserving of Philippines folk dances and Pearson-r was utilized to test the relationship involving these variables. A researchermade survey questionnaire was constructed and tested for validity and reliability. A 20-item multiple choice test was also administered to the student respondents of the study. Findings revealed that there is a high level of strengthening and preserving practices for Philippine folk dances with an overall mean of 3.69 and 3.64, respectively, and level of cultural awareness of students is good as quantified by a mean score of 11.03. Keywords: Physical Education, Philippine folk dances, cultural awareness, strengthening and preserving practices, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

The current method to determine glycemic index (GI) - a measure of how sugary foods raise blood glucose - is tedious, expensive, and uses human volunteers. The study developed a simple method to determine GI using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation system. Three test sugars white, brown, and coco, and glucose as the standard were separately added to S. cerevisiae fermentation sludge, then supernatant aliquots were evaluated to obtain the glucose response curve over a two-hour period. Using the area under curve (AUC) standard formula, the following GIs were obtained: 182, 157, and 77 for white, brown, and coco sugar, respectively. Statistically comparing these obtained GIs to the sugars’ published actual GIs (80, 60, and 35, respectively) revealed a significant difference (p<0.05). Nonetheless, the order of the obtained and published GIs are the same, i.e., white sugar first, brown second, and coco last, with the obtained GIs constantly being ~2.4X higher than the published values. Hence, the S. cerevisiae system shows potential as a substitute for the in vivo human assay to determine food GI. This envisaged, it is recommended that S. cerevisiae sugar metabolism be further characterized to design a GI formula that applies to using S. cerevisiae system.

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Illuminating the Mandaya Proverbs: Maxims to Contemporary Times

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Jeanette G. Pedriña nettejhunp@yahoo.com University of Southeastern Philippines, Tagum City, Davao, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:21 - 1:40 pm Venue: Mindanao This phenomenological qualitative study aimed to record and translate the surviving proverbs of the Mandaya tribe in Cabaywa, Asuncion, Davao del Norte, Philippines. It also sought to illuminate the Mandaya teachings and trace its relevance to the lives of the Mandaya tribe in the contemporary times. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were also endeavored in this study. It was found out that the documented Mandaya surviving proverbs focus on industry, optimism, admirable life, marital and parental counsel, honesty, respect for purity and for nature. It was noted that only few proverbs were documented because only few of the participants could still remember and recall due to influences of rapid modernization. The documented Mandaya proverbs embody teachings in life. Results further revealed that in the present context, the positive contributions of these surviving proverbs to the lives of the Mandaya people are very significant. They were able to benefit from it because it is their passport to success, weapon for living and tool for the preservation of their rich cultural heritage. Such effects were achieved because they still continue to use and live through these surviving proverbs.Most importantly, the Mandaya tribe aspired to revive their cultural oral traditions by teaching their children about it to combat the threats for extinction. Keywords: Literature, Philippines Indigenous oral literature, proverbs, Mandaya tribe, descriptive phenomenological approach, Davao del Norte, Philippines

Compliance to Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 in Northern Mindanao Lydia B. Tubella lydstubel@yahoo.com Xavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

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Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Mindanao

The genuine intent of the law on ecological solid waste management is to capacitate people towards synergized, self-sustaining and responsive collaborative action. The study determined the extent of compliance to the law on waste management program. The study used the descriptive design including survey questionnaire, interview schedules and observations. Statistical tools were also used such as frequency distribution, standard deviation, T-test and regression analysis. The results showed that 9% experienced presence of health problem incidence related to Waste Management while 91% did not experience. On the contrary, 6% cleaned canals and drainages, 18% cleaned parks, 7% cleaned rivers, 56% cleaned streets, and 3.75% were able to generate new livelihood as part of their Solid Waste Management program while 96.25% had failed to do it. In conclusion, the extent of compliance to RA 9003 among villages in terms of availability of physical and non-physical components was not fully extensive and fell short of RA 9003’s mandated requirements resulting to undesirable socio-economic implications, except for the issue on health and sanitation. After 12 years since the Act was implemented, the efforts of the villages to provide for the political, financial and administrative requirements relative to the implementation of RA 9003 was inadequate. Keywords: Social Science, ecological solid waste management, compliance, description design, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Bacteriological, Toxicological and Mutagenic Evaluations of the Formulated Ointment of Knobweed (Hyptis capitata Jacq.) Leaf Extract against Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Judee N. Nogodula judee_n1@yahoo.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:01 - 2:20 pm Venue: Mindanao

Keywords: Microbiology, Toxicology, knobweed, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, oinment, Davao City, Philippines

The Antioxidant Property of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) Fruit Parts Susana P. Racadio susanracadio2009@yahoo.com University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Mindanao The study was limited to the qualitative determination of the antioxidant property of the pulp, outer rind, inner rind and seeds of alcohol extract and decoction of pomelo (Citrus maxima)fruit parts. The antioxidant property of the decoction and alcohol extracts of the parts of pomelo were determined in terms of the time it took for the apple to undergo enzymatic oxidation. Results of this study showed that 1) the pulp, outer rind, inner rind and seeds of the pomelo contain flavonoids; 2) the decoction and alcohol extract the pomelo fruit parts exhibit antioxidant property. The decoction and alcohol extract of the pulp exhibited the greatest antioxidant property as shown by the greatest inhibitory action on the enzymatic oxidation of the apple. 3) a significant difference exists in the enzymatic oxidation of apple treated with different pomelo fruit parts. Similarly, a significant difference also exists in the enzymatic oxidation of the apple that had been soaked in alcohol extract and decoction. Fruit part, medium used in soaking and time of soaking caused significant differences on the enzymatic oxidation of the apple. Keywords: Biology, antioxidant, property of pomelo, experimental design, Vigan City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

The emergence of multiple drug resistant Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a global problem. Fortunately, many plants found from Mindanaon lumads have potential curative property for different ailments. Hence, the ethnopharmacologic practice of the knobweed (Hyptis capitata) was scientifically assessed for antibacterial activity, toxicity, mutagenicity and pharmacological screenings of crude leaf extract in formulation of ointment as treatment of MRSA infections. Acute Dermal Toxicity employed female albino rabbits for 14 days. Antibacterial screenings used Kirby Bauer, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and potency tests. Ames test used Salmonella typhimuriumTA98. Pharmacological assay was limited to physical characteristics of ointment and sensitivity (patch) test using albino rabbits (24 to 72 hours of observation). Results revealed that leaf extract was not toxic and had promising antibacterial action with 19.22 mm (±0.82) zone of inhibition on MRSAATCC 45300 and 17.41 mm ±0.77 on clinical isolate. It had similar potency with Vancomycin at 6.54ug. MIC established the reduction of cell viability at 0.0263g/mL without revertant colonies grown; hence, it was not mutagenic. Efficacy of ointment with a hydrophilic base exhibited 16.11 mm (±1.73) zone of inhibition on MRSAATCC and 16.12 mm (± 2.08) for clinical isolate. Neither erythema nor edema was observed.

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Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Preliminary Estimation and Identification of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus) Soil Macrofauna Precila C. Delima precy.delima@gmail.com University of Santo Tomas, Espana, Manila, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:51 – 3:10 pm Venue: Mindanao There is increasing consensus that protection of the biodiversity in the soil is a major way to maintain the proper functioning of the soil. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the soil macrofauna of dragon fruit plantations in two experimental sites in Indang , Cavite in August 2012. The two sampling sites were treated with chemical fertilizers and compost being used as major fertilizer. Research and laboratory works were done at the Thomas Aquinas Research Center, University of Santo Tomas, Manila. Species level identification of the organisms sampled was done at the National Museum of the Philippines. Results showed that species like Amynthas gracilis, a species belonging to subfamily Melolonthinae and Diacamma austral were observed in the dragon fruit plantation which uses inorganic pesticides, fertilizers, and sweeteners. Solenopsis geminata, Subfamily Melolonthinae, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Coptotermes formosanus were observed in dragon fruit plantation which were not applied with pesticide, inorganic fertilizer and sweetener. The vegetation where inorganic pesticide and fertilizer were not applied had more diverse soil macrofauna and possessed larger body sizes. Keywords: Edapphology, soil macro fauna, dragon fruit, biodiversity, experimental design, Manila, Philippines

Sexual Health Information: A Mixed- Methods Study among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Young People Gabriel C. Delariarte delariartegabriel@yahoo.com West Visayas State University - Calinog, Campus Calinog, Iloilo Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Mindanao

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This research delved on the health practices among gay and bisexual young people in the Municipality of Calinog, Iloilo, Philippines. The present study utilized mixed-methods approach to investigate the positive and negative aspects of sexual health information among lesbian, gay, and bisexual young people. A diverse community sample of five 5 young people aged 16-30 years old completed qualitative in-depth interviews focusing on how, where, and when lesbian, gay, and bisexual young people use the Department of Health Advertisement for sexual health information. It was found out that although some of the respondents sought facts and statistics about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV, few conducted searches about broader aspects of sexual health. Respondents reported that fear about becoming infected with STIs/HIV is a common motivator of searches and noted a number of reasons for not using the Department of Health Advertisement for sexual health information, including stigma associated with being observed accessing lesbian, gay, and bisexual or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV information. Finally, the findings revealed not only significant interest in Department of Health Advertisement sexual health information but also concerns about the perceived limitations of this promising method of sexual health promotion. Keywords: Social Science, sexual health, information,mixed- methods, study, lesbian, gay, bisexual, descriptive design, Iloilo, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

The Occurrence of LBP and the Level of Exposure to Possible LBP Contributors among Teenagers Dennese Jane A. Geyrozaga densie_25@yahoo.com University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:41 - 4:00 pm Venue: Mindanao

Keywords: (LBP) low back pain, metabolic contributors of LBP, lipids, carbohydrates, disability

Cigarette-smoking Behavior among College Students and Its Correlates to Anxiety Helena B. Florendo helenacasisu@yahoo.com.ph Isabela State University, Echague, Isabela, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:01 - 4:20 pm Venue: Mindanao Cigarette smoking is always harmful since it is one of the primary reasons of human death, however, smoking can be prevented. In the Philippines, there is dearth of studies conducted that deal with cigarette smoking and anxiety among college students. The main purpose of the study is to find out the cigarette-smoking behavior among college students and its correlates to anxiety. The researcher utilized questionnaires, standardized test and interviews to gather data. Likewise, descriptive-correlational method, purposive sampling and SPSS were utilized. Out of 1,866 first year students surveyed in Isabela State University Main Campus, Philippines, 286 were current smokers. Findings revealed that most of the participants are in their adolescence stage, male dominated, received minimal allowance, have parents with high educational attainment, and their parents’ jobs require physical labor. Results showed that peer, familial, mass media, environmental factors respectively except for the teacher factor have considerable impact on the smoking behavior of the participants. Findings indicated that most of the smokers have high level of anxiety. Anxiety is significantly related to the developmental stage when one started smoking and sticks he/she consumed per day. An intervention program aimed at reducing anxiety and cigarette smoking among the students need further research. Keywords: Health Science, smoking and mental health problem, cigarette smoking behavior, anxiety, current smokers, descriptive-correlational design, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

This study determined the ooccurrence of LBP among teenager students of the University of Northern Philippines and their level of exposure to possible LBP contributors. Results of this study showed that: 1) Most of the respondents are 16 years old, males, have mothers who are plain housewives and fathers who work as OFWs and travel 16 minutes or more in coming to school. Furthermore, majority of the respondents have normal posture. 2) Majority of respondents had experienced low back pain upon getting up from bed, upon standing after long hours of sitting, while carrying heavy backpacks and after strenuous activities/sports. From the respondents who claimed to have experience LBP, majority of them claimed that they felt low back pain once in a while. 3)The respondents are moderately exposed to metabolic contributors of LBP like lipids and carbohydrates. 4) The respondents’ evaluated their experience of LBP as affected by their daily activities as very low disability. 5) There is a negative significant relationship between skeletal deformity and homemaking, bed and personal care, bed and walking, bed and travelling, age and personal care, age and walking, age and homemaking. On the other hand, there is a positive significant relationship between watching TV and walking, fishing and travelling, exposure tolipids and personal care, exposure to carbohydrates and pain intensity , exposure to carbohydrates and recreation , mother’s occupation and lifting , mother’s occupation and walking, father’s occupation and walking, andtime of travel.

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Assessment of Prenatal, Postnatal Care, and Family Planning Services of the Safe Motherhood Project in Davao City

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Orcheliza L. Paramo olizaparamo@yahoo.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:21 – 4:40 pm Venue: Mindanao This study attempted to assess the prenatal, postnatal care and family planning goals of Safe Motherhood Project in Davao City. It particularly aimed to identify their level of effectiveness using input (objectives), output (strategies and available services), and outcome (knowledge and awareness) data. The mother’s insights and comments were also noted. Survey and interview questionnaires were utilized to gather the responses. Based on the Barangay Health Workers’ (BHWs’) responses, the prenatal, postnatal care and family planning in terms of input, output and outcome were effective which imply that the BHCs (Barangay Health Centers) are efficient in attaining the objectives; in catering to the strategies and available services; and in increasing the knowledge and awareness. On one hand, based on the mothers’ responses, prenatal and family planning were moderately effective which means that the objectives and the knowledge and awareness were often attained and increased, respectively. For the prenatal, the rate was low effective because the catering of strategies and available services to them was seldom observed. Results further indicated that the BHCs were moderately effective in performing their roles in the implementation of the project. Moreover, mothers learned the importance of the services but there was a lack of information dissemination to maximize them. Keywords: Health, prenatal, postnatal, family planning services, Safe Motherhood Project, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

Filipino Philosophy in the World Risk Society Jonas Robert L. Miranda jonasrobertmiranda@gmail.com Surigao State College of Technology, Surigao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:51 – 5:10 pm Venue: Mindanao

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This expository paper suggests the reinvention of Filipino Philosophy by using Ulrich Beck’s paradigm of ‘world risk society’. Risk society is a theoretical framework for understanding and explaining present-day society elevating fears across national borders regarding risks ranging from the degradations of the global ecology, global health pandemics, international terrorism, or the health consequences feared as a result of exposure to a numerous of technologies. As risks turn to series of devastating catastrophes in the country, Filipinos are caught offhanded. Risks in many forms have not been given much attention and preparation. Learning from these tragic experiences our society is preoccupied in minimizing risks. Everyone is demanded for his/her share. Even Filipino philosophers are called for to share their critical pedagogical stand. Likewise their much needed stand will redefine and make Filipino philosophy in the 21st Century. Filipino philosophers have to shift gears and join in risk research to become relevant to the lives of the most ordinary Filipino and they have to come down and immerse in human experiences in order to address the current issues by using methods closely related to the lives of the people. That is the only way to make Filipino philosophy relevant to Filipinos. Keywords: Filipino Philosophy, Ulrich Beck, world risk society paradigm, and risk society, descriptive design, Surigao City, Philipiines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Agbibinnulig: An Indigenous Knowledge System in Water Management Conflicts in Northern Luzon, Philippines Mild T. Rumusod mildskytea@yahoo.com Nueva Vizcaya State University, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:11 – 5:30 pm Venue: Mindanao Rice culture has been ingrained in Philippine history even before Spanish colonization times and until today’s global era. Rice becomes a symbol of power and a scientific journey across the ages where it has been linked to poverty and development that includes beliefs, customs and rituals. And like a journey, rice farming culture is not bereft of problems. The rice farming journey in the Philippines showed that commercialization was not the main threat to this culture but that of irrigation problems. For this study, agbibinnulig is the local equivalent of bayanihan, the mutual self-help custom of the Filipinos. The study aimed to look at the potentials of this custom in coming with local and effective solutions for water problems that has been plaguing communities especially with the onset of climate change, specifically El Niño among the different localities in the Philippines. Rice farming thus becomes vulnerable to this global scenario. However, local tradition of agbibinnulig showed that rice farming problems on irrigation is the best local cultural resource management strategy.

Migration Pattern of the Itawis of Echague, Isabela Lailanie L. Quilang writer_lan@yahoo.com Isabela State University - Echague Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:31 – 5:50 pm Venue: Mindanao People migrate for several reasons. Cagayan Valley is inhabited by cultural minorities. Itawis originated from Cagayan Province; however, they are now found in Echague Isabela. Since Itawis exists in Echague for centuries, this study was conducted to find out their reasons and patterns of migration. Descriptive method of research and triangulation were utilized in this study. Moreover, frequency and percentage were also used. There were 174 respondents from barangays Salay and Tuguegarao, Echague, Isabela. The result indicated that there are still living Itawis masters in both barangays since majority or 60.34% had an age range of 40 to 60 and 18.97% had an age range beyond 60 years old. Majority or 50.00% lived in Echague for 31 - 50 years. Result indicated that they still speak their native dialect since 63.79% use pure Itawis and the rest use mix language. Bulk of Itawis migrants of both barangays came from Cagayan with 33.33%, and the rest from San Mateo, Angadanan, Jones, San Agustin, Nueva Ecija, and Mallig, Isabela. Marriage topped the respondents’ reasons for migrating with 21.26%, followed by livelihood, education, land to cultivate, job opportunities and politics. Findings show that marriage is the main reason of the Itawis’ migration to Echaguein which they still maintain the use of their dialect. Keywords: Social Science, Itawis migration pattern, descriptive design, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Keywords: Sociology of water, mannalon, agbibinnulig, NIA (National Irrigation Administration), IA (Irrigators’ Association), riritidanum (water problems), Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines

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Quality Education for Native Filipinos: A Case Study of Mangyan Learners

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Safary Wa-Mbaleka wa-mbalekas@aiias.edu Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies, Manila, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:51 - 6:10 pm Venue: Mindanao Most modern societies are interested in including everyone in the development and growth of their nations. It is no different from the Philippines. Many government and private institutions have developed programs to promote education for indigenous people. In fact, some educational organizations have decided on extreme measures to take education to the mountains where indigenous people live. Such extreme plans are based on the discovery that moving indigenous young people to urban settings for schooling has not been too successful. With all the efforts of educating indigenous people, little is still known about the strategies that are effective, because a large number of such programs are unsuccessful. This qualitative,explanatory case study reports on the best practices of a private school system of Mangyan students in Mindoro, Philippines. Data obtained from interviewing administrators, teachers, Mangyan students, observing school settings and lesson presentation, and analyzing some instructional artifacts,helped understand the factors that contributed to the successful education of Mangyan students and the importance that education is playing in their lives in general. This study will provide some guidelines that can be helpful in promoting effective education for indigenous Filipino learners. Keywords: Social Science, indigenous, natives, Mangyan, descriptive design, Manila, Philippines

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World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

The Employees of Professional Accounting Organization in Davao City: Their Coping Skills and Occupational Stress Lord Eddie I. Aguilar l.eddieaguilar@gmail.com University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:21 – 1:40 pm Venue: Palawan

Keywords: Coping Skills, Occupational Stress, Professional Accounting Organization of Davao City, Occupational Stress Inventory – 1998 Revised Edition (OSI-R)

The Bantay Dagat Volunteers in Negros Occidental, Philippines: “Why do they come”, “Why do they stay” Mario N. Abeto Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:41 - 2:00 pm Venue: Palawan

The Bantay Dagat program is a volunteer program. This volunteer job is an integral part of the coastal law enforcement system in the Philippines where its implementation relies almost exclusively on the hands of thousands of dedicated Bantay Dagat volunteers. This descriptive study examined the volunteers’ motivation to enroll and commit to an intensive Bantay Dagat volunteer program in Negros Occidental. Further, the study investigated the interdependence of the motivational factors with certain demographics. The 66 Bantay Dagat volunteers in Negros Occidental were identified using the enrollment list taken from the files of the Provincial Environment and Management Office. The results of the inquiry shed an interesting light on the nature of volunteerism in the Bantay Dagat program in Negros Occidental. It is quite interesting to note that in Negros Occidental or maybe in the Philippines, the spirit of adult volunteerism is not a dying concept. “Why do they stay?” Top reason is the adequate training they received. One can assume that adult volunteers enjoyed the empowerment. It is emphasized that the top reason that emerged is potential leader role attributes. Keywords: Social Science, Bantay Dagat, volunteerism, satisfaction, making a difference, empowerment, descriptive design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Workplace stress costs employers a huge amount of resources due to absenteeism and lower productivity, thereby making it the most important challenge of the 21st century. The study investigated the occupational stress of employees of professional accounting organizations in Davao City and their coping skills. It determined the level of stress of employees working in an accounting firm and it further identified which coping strategies were used when employees respond to different strains of stress. The statistical tools utilized in the study were mean, T-test and Pearson. Results revealed that the stress coping skills of employees were occasionally practiced. It has a high mean score in social support and moderate in recreation, self-care, and rational/cognitive. Physical activities were the least of their response in dealing with stress. The result also showed that employees in an accounting office were rarely experiencing occupational stress. Coping skills are not crucial in determining the occupational stress of employees in professional accounting organizations. This indicates that there might be other variables that may significantly influence the occupational stress of the employees in the accounting firms which were not addressed in this study. Thus, it is recommended that coping skills through education or information campaign to employees, special stress management program for supervisory personnel and incorporate stress management course in the Accounting Education curriculum be strengthened.

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Conservation and Development: What Can be Learned From Municipality of Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines? Raymund B. Gemora West Visayas State University - Janiuay, Campus Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:11 - 2:30 pm Venue: Palawan

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

The study to examined how conservation and development projects are increasingly being critiqued for having failed to meet their objectives. It was a qualitative study that focused on the goal of combining biodiversity conservation with the promotion of local economic development to create a win-win situation for both endangered species and marginalized peoples. Numerous recent studies have questioned the effectiveness of the conservation and development projects in the Municipality of Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines. The study utilized in-depth interviews with the Municipal Officer of Department of Environment and Natural Resources of Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines. The findings revealed that the community development and conservation programs at local community of Municipality of Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines were developed in response to violent confrontations between local people and nature reserve managers when managers attempted to enforce reserve regulations. Finally, met both failures and successes; these programs have been successful in transforming what was once a violent relationship between local people and nature reserve managers into a much more cooperative one. Keywords: Social Science, conservation, development, Municipality of Janiuay, descriptive design, Iloilo, Philippines

Waste Utilization through Methane Production Maria C. Hernandez Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:31 - 2:50 pm Venue: Palawan

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The Department of Science and Technology through the Small Enterprise Development Upgrading Program (DOST SET-UP) as one of the strategic programs under the National S and T Plan has provided funds for the establishment of the project entitled, “Waste Utilization through Methane Production”, and to implement the project in accordance with the approved technological intervention. An integrated system aims to demonstrate an eco-friendly approach towards improve animal production and is tangible to counteract environmental pollution. The heart of the system is the biogas process; it has the potential to seed “self-reliance”. Allied benefits include the development of the existing industry, the provision of funds to support the acquisition and procurement of materials for the biogas system, enhancement of the existing facilities and equipment needed in the project operation and the provision of local job opportunities. Biogas production from animal manure can generate benefits both at local and national levels. Using biogas solves the most serious problem of energy supply in rural areas, where people traditionally forage for fuel wood in forest. The development of biogas technologies in Region II with the technical support provided by the DOST allowed construction engineers to study advanced designs and adapt technologies to Philippine climatic and economic conditions. Keywords: Ecology, anaerobic digestion, methanogenesis, Green House Gases (GHG),digester; biogas, biogas process, eco-friendly, Quirino, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Comparative Study of Diversity of Mangroves in Two Conservation Sites of Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines Bernardo C. Lunar colonelc4b@yahoo.com De La Salle Lipa, Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:51 - 3:10 pm Venue: Palawan

As De La Salle Lipa takes an active role in the reforestation efforts in Calatagan Batangas, this descriptive study was carried out to determine diversity of mangrove species in its two conservation sites. From a total of eight quadrats measuring 10m x 10m laid along the low intertidal zone and mid- intertidal zones of the study sites, there were nine species of mangroves found in Quilitisan while there were seven species found in Balibago. The species that were found common to the two study sites include A. marina, R. stylosa R. mucronata, R. apiculata, S. alba, and S. caseolaris, The species that were distinct in Quilitisan include A. corniculatum, C. tagal and C. decandra. The mangrove species B. cylindrica was sampled only in Balibago. The mangroves in Quilitisan have average GBH of 21.69 cm; average height of 3.89 m; average crown of 2. 16m; and average DBH of 6.90cm. The mangroves in Balibago have average GBH of 23 cm; average height of 5.62 m; average crown of 1. 76m; and average DBH of 6.90cm. The mangrove forest in Quilitisan, though with higher species richness, is found to have a relatively lower diversity index of 1.05 than that of Balibago’s diversity index of 1.21.

Implementation of CHED Memorandum Order in Higher Education Institutions Nelson G. Laru-an wvsu.som@gmail.com West Visayas State University - Lambunao Campus, Iloilo, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:21 - 3:40 pm Venue: Palawan The descriptive study determined the level of implementation of CHED Memorandum Order No. 21, s. 2005 in higher education institutions in Panay for SY 2010-2011. The respondents of the study were the criminology instructors in higher education institutions that offers criminology programs. They were classified as to age, sex, educational attainment, and type of school. The instrument utilized in gathering the data was adopted from CHED CMO No. 21, s. 2005. Statistical tools were the mean, standard deviation for descriptive statistics, and t- Test for inferential statistics. Level of significance was set at .05 alpha. The findings revealed that the level of implementation of CHED CMO No. 21, s. 2005 as perceived by criminology instructors was fully implemented. Significant difference was noted when the respondents were classified as to type of school. Keywords: Education, implementation, CHED, HEIs, descriptive design, Iloilo City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Keywords: Plant Ecology, mangrove forest, diversity, conservation, descriptive design, Batangas, Philippines

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A Mobile Institutional Calendar of Activities (ICA) of the University of the Immaculate Conception for Android

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Francis Rey F. Padao francisreypadao@gmail.com University of the Immaculate Conception, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:41 – 4:00 pm Venue: Palawan The existing Institutional Calendar of Activities (ICA) outlines a targeted set of school activities, while providing a flexible nature for the assessment of the university plan. It includes the student development activities, examination schedule, events, and national holidays. The information is disseminated through bulletin boards found in school premises to make them widely available for students, faculty and staff-a practice that needs to be reviewed in terms of efficiency in its purpose. In response to the university’s desire to improve its ICA and in consideration with the technology advancement, the researcher conducted a study to disseminate information automatically through phones and other available online technology. The researcher followed Agile Software Development (ASD), a process model composed of iterative and incremental software, which utilize the creative process that anticipates the need for flexibility and applies a level of pragmatism into the delivery of the finished product. The main technology utilized in the development stage was via online using the dedicated web sites and in the smart phones which provided ease and convenience. The application is built in PHP and Java platform where web sites and android phones are based. Findings revealed a high level of acceptability for the application. Keywords: Information Technology, Institutional Calendar of Activities (ICA), Agile Software Development, mobile, android, Davao City, Philippines

English Proficiency and Attitude of Students of Isabela State University Visitacion S. Simbulan visitacion14@yahoo.com Isabela State University - Echague Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:01 – 4:20 pm Venue: Palawan

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One of the important indicators of success in learning a language is the Students’ attitude towards it. Students who consider learning a language as positive and rewarding experiences usually have higher level of motivation and higher language performance. The study determined the English proficiency and attitude of Isabela State University students. It examined the respondent’s profile; determined on the difference on the student’s attitude when grouped according to profile; analyzed the relationship between the respondent’s attitude towards the English Language and the proficiency in verbal ability reading comprehension, correct usage, identifying errors, spelling and punctuation and logical organization. The study used descriptive research. It used a semi-structured questionnaire of the parts: The respondent’s profile, the English Proficiency Test and the attitude in learning English using a five-point scale. The gender and dialect spoken showed significant relationship to the respondent’s attitude. The respondent’s attitude in learning the language showed a positive attitude. The English proficiency of the respondents rated “Low” in all areas. The respondent’s English proficiency as correlated to their attitude indicated a negative result in the three areas such as verbal ability, identifying errors and logical organization. Keywords: Language and Communication, social research, attitude, proficiency, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concepts and Practices on Bats: The Case of the Samaleños Ruel Brillantes ruelbrillantes@gmail.com Holy Cross of Davao College, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:31 - 4:50 pm Venue: Palawan

Keywords: Ecology, bats, concepts and practices on bats, descriptive-survey design, Davao City, Philippines

Catch, Effort and Socio–Economic Dynamics of Filter Net Fishery in Acre - A Preliminary Study Lenimfa P. Molina lenimfamolina@yahoo.com Cagayan State University, Aparri, Cagayan, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:51 – 5:10 pm Venue: Palawan

This research undertaking was conducted in Aparri, Cagayan, particularly at the Cagayan River Estuary. The study generally characterized the catch rates and socio–economic dynamics of the filter net fisheries of the said estuary. The study utilized of questionnaires to obtain the data. It also considered personal interviews and observation to validate the data. Results revealed that majority of the respondents were married, have children ranging from 1-4, aged 26-40, finished elementary level of education, with no extended family. Majority of the respondents were engaged in fishing without alternative source of income. On gear species accounting, most of the drift filter net fishers consumed 1-2 hours per haul with with alamang catch of 11-20 cans per haul and 9-10 hours per haul with 1-5 kilograms per haul for the stationary filter net fishers. Majority of the fishers have 3-4 hauls per day. On sales and sharing scheme of the drift filter net fishers, majority of the drift filter net fishers had sales of 10,000 and below per fishing trip, majority of the fishermen had a share of 500.00 per fishing trip.As to the respondents’ involvement in community activities, most of them joined community activities despite the fact that they do not hold any position in the community. There were 19 identified species that were caught by the drift filter net (DFN) and stationary filter net (SFN) for the months of May & June, with respect to moon phases. Catch per unit effort of “saplar” was higher than that of “banwar”. Keywords: Aquatic Ecology, catch, effort, Filter Net Fisheries, descriptive design, Cagayan, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Various advocacies and programs are being promoted in local, national and international platforms to protect, preserve and conserve the environment. However, people develop a myriad of misconceptions towards the environment, specifically on some species. These fallacies tend to lead to some awful practices that threaten their existence. Bats for one are no excuse. Centuries of myths still generate needless fears and threaten bats and their habitats. The study examined the concepts and practices of the Samal residents associated with bats. A descriptive-survey design was used. The 400 respondents were selected through purposive-quota sampling from the three villages in Samal. Frequency, percentage distribution and weighted mean were utilized as data analysis tools. Respondents considered bats as either birds or rodents. They are sometimes associated with bad luck and are surmised to be bad spirits. In addition, Samal residents believed on the curative powers of bats on fever, baldness, toothache and poor eyesight. Although, bats are seen as fruit-eaters and seed dispersers, respondents consider them enemies of most farmers as they are considered liable for the destruction of fruit production. Nonetheless, respondents feel the need to protect and conserve their existence as they are believed to be important in achieving environmental equilibrium.

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Assessment of Information Dissemination Strategies and Practices on Proper Solid Waste Management Among Residents In Sogod, Southern Leyte

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Cecilia D. Arong arongcecilia@yahoo.com Southern Leyte State University, Sogod, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:11 – 5:30 pm Venue: Palawan Solid Waste Management (SWM), the most devastating global environmental problem today, catches the attention of our country’s development planners. This study assessed the different information dissemination strategies and information needs of PSWM among residents; determines any significant relationship between strategies and practices. This study follows the one-shot survey using personal interview in gathering data from 100 residents of Sogod chosen through random sampling technique. Interview questions in English were translated to Cebuano. Percentages, frequencies and chi-square tests were used. Results include: 84% of the respondents listen to radio; majority listened to news and public affairs program; 80% watch TV; 80% do not attend seminars; 90% practice unsanitary and non-environment-friendly waste management measures (open dumps, ocean / sea dumping and burning) of which 60% of this 90% burn their waste; majority rate their SWM practices as poor. Information dissemination strategies include: radio, TV, attendance to seminar and other source of information. PSWM practices include burning, open dumps, and ocean/sea dumps. It is recommended that continuous PSWM communication campaigns will be designed using a combination of mass media and interpersonal communication channels. Keywords: Social Science, environmental restoration, information dissemination strategies, practices, proper solid waste management, open dumps, waste burning, descriptive-survey, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Interplay Between Profile and Crime Committed in Province of Isabela Joan A. Quilang jmargonia@yahoo.com Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:00 – 1:20 pm Venue: Sulawesi

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Over the years, crime has become a major issue of public concern. Despite its salience in the public arena, very little is known about the factors driving the crime trends. The study aimed to determine the factors contributory to crime in the Province of Isabela. The study utilized a survey questionnaire to analyze the crimes committed by the accused and their profile in terms of age, sex, civil status, educational attainment and monthly income. Simple frequency and percentage were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that out of 100 respondents, majority of the accused are males; most of them are married who aged 30 and above; many of them have not entered in school;many have not finished elementary level; and very few are in the college level. In addition, most of the respondent’s monthly income is below P5,000.00. The study further revealed that there is a significant relationship between the profile of the accused and the crime they committed. The researcher concluded that: 1) males are more likely to commit crime; 2) adult to late adulthood are prone to commit crime; 3) educational attainment reduces crime rate; and 4) married person is more likely to commit crime. Keywords: Criminology, profile, crime, descriptive design, Isabela, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Motives and Incentives of Adult Volunteers: The Coastal Law Enforcers in Sipalay City Heide G. Taleon Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:21 – 1:40 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Keywords: Social Science motives, incentives, adult volunteers, coastal law enforcement, Bantay Dagat, descriptive design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

The Daily Heterosexist Experiences: Measuring Stress among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Gabriel C. Delariarte delariartegabriel@yahoo.com West Visayas State University - Calinog, Campus Calinog, Iloilo Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:41 – 2:00 pm Venue: Sulawesi This study attempted to determine the daily heterosexist experiences, measuring stress among lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgenders. The quantitative research was used in which an in-depth interview of these individuals in the State Universities and Colleges in the Philippines specifically in the West Visayas State University-Calinog Campus was conducted. The findings revealed the unique aspects of minority stress for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults and their daily heterosexist experiences acceptable inside and outside the university. Finally, sexual orientation and gender differences were found out. Keywords: daily, heterosexist, experiences, measuring, stress, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Fisheries law enforcers ensure compliance by specific individuals or communities to all regulatory and restrictive management interventions. However, the adult Bantay Dagat volunteers’ commitment towards the job and the underlying motives and incentives must be well understood in the first place. A person is motivated to behave by the strength of his motives, the expectancy of attaining the goal, and the perceived incentives from volunteerism. Using a modified volunteer survey instrument, the conduct of this descriptive research examined the volunteers’ motives to commit to an intensive Bantay Dagat Program in Sipalay City. The descriptive analysis revealed that the Bantay Dagat members enjoyed being volunteers and viewed the experience as their most important achievement and affiliation motives. They continue volunteering because they find purposive, solidarity, and tangibility incentives rewarding. Volunteerism is considered as their significant contribution to the society, as it helps them attain a valued goal, and they feel contributing to some purpose. For the MPA management, planning a different, more work-oriented management style will help older adults feel greater sense of achievement in their volunteer positions. Satisfying motives and rewarding the older adults with meaningful incentives will be helpful in recruiting and retaining new volunteers to join the program.

201

Quirino Apiculture Research and Development Program

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Rommel G. Peralta Quirino State University, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:11 – 2:30 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Beekeeping or apiculture is concerned with the practical management of the social species of honey bees, which live in large colonies of up to 100,000 individuals. Apiculture is an agric-based enterprise that does not compete for resources with other agricultural endeavors, economically viable, environment-friendly, and compatible with all types of farming system practices. Quirino State University as the Provincial Apiculture Center (PAC) of the Province, aims to be the source of quality colonies either introduced specie (Apismillifera) or endemic specie (Apiscerana). Furthermore, it also aims to extend modalities on beekeeping practices and conduct researches for the development of apiculture industry. Through rigorous monitoring activities and personal interview with beekeepers, significant findings where noted and this are honey flow season and swarming dates and conservation of wild honey. With the support coming from National Apiculture Research & Training Institute and the Provincial Government of Quirino, through Quirino Livelihood For Every One (Q-LiFE) Program, Small-scale beekeepers in the province were organized and trained. Hence, the PAC continues to promote the apiculture research and industry in the province in collaboration with NARTDI, PLGU, Regional Apiculture Center and Provincial Apiculture Center of the region. Keywords: Apiculture, honeybees, Apismillifera, Apiccerena, descriptive design, Quirino, Philippines

The Agricultural Management Practices and Organizational Capacity of ARC in San Miguel, Surigaodel Sur Baceledes R. Estal estaleddie@yahoo.com Surigaodel Sur State University, Tandag, Surigao del Sur, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:31 – 2:50 pm Venue: Sulawesi

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The Agrarian Reform program of the government does not only provide lands to the marginalized sector but also access to farm machineries and equipment, and capability building assistance to improve their economic status. However, this objective can be attained through positive outlook, good leadership and organizational efforts of the farmer beneficiaries. Thus, an assessment of rice production activities of farmer-members using participatory approach was conducted to determine the needed common service facilities, trainings, and their organizational capacity to engage and manage an agribusiness or enterprise. Results revealed that agricultural activities of the respondents were focused on rice production. Most of their cultural management practices are traditional, labor intensive, costly and time consuming. The desired rice production is not met and often deficit due to lack of farm machineries, equipment and infrastructures. In terms of the organizational capacity, among the Agrarian Reform Beneficiary Organizations, the Kaunlaran Libas Sud Multi-Purpose Cooperative (KLSMPC) is more exposed to business ventures compared with the civic organizations of women in Baras, San Miguel, Surigao del Sur. However, there is a need of a community based enterprise organizer (CBEO) to help these organizations plan and formulate policies and structures, and marketing strategies with high competitive organizational advantage. Keywords: Social Science, Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARB), Agrarian Reform Community (ARC), service facility, organizational capacity, training needs, descriptive design, Surigao del Sur, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

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Fish Farmers’ Attributes to Grouper Cage Culture Production in Negros Occidental, Philippines Mario N. Abeto Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:51 – 3:10 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Surfclam Fishery Management in Himamaylan City: Looking Beyond Sustainable Yield Andrew D. Ordonio andrewordonio@yahoo.com Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:21 – 3:40 pm Venue: Sulawesi Shellfishery systems remain poorly understood regarding the linkages between stock structures, dynamics and bioeconomic features of the fishing process. Despite the high market demand, the bivalves are least managed resources and there is no regulation for effective utilization and conservation of these sedentary marine resources. Recently, the bivalve Surfclam fisheries expanded rapidly in Himamaylan City, Negros Occidental Philippines. In the descriptive study conducted, the fishers reflected in the researcher developed survey instrument that the extensive exploitation of Surfclam fishery resource in the municipal waters of the city may endanger the sustainability of the resources and the community livelihoods. The mean ranking of the fishers’ concordance on lack of effective public education and inefficient market mainstreaming needs immediate attention. While the implementation of the “close season” is effective biological overfishing tool, the approach is ineffective in preventing economic and Malthusian overfishing. Further, it fails to control fishing inputs and efforts. The Surfclam resource must be managed hand in hand with management of wild stock. The expert validated desirable management tool, the robustness of individual fishery quotas as management strategy is offered as an alternative, co-adaptive, yet complementary management approach towards a sustainable Surfclam fishery yield in Himamaylan City. Keywords: Aquaculture, fishery management, Surfclam fishery, management survey, descriptive design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

The individual attributes such as age, educational background, years of experience and financial variables such as income, operational cost, total investment, and profit margin to grouper cage production in Negros Occidental were analyzed for linearity. Results showed that there were linear relationships among the seven variables tested which were vital attributes of grouper farmers. Education showed positive correlation with operating cost and investment. This implies that education guides in the investment and in determining appropriate operational cost. Likewise, total investment and profit margin are significantly correlated suggesting that fish farmers who are willing to invest more on the projects either for infrastructures improvement and expansion or purchase of inputs (seeds, feeds) have higher profit margin than those farmers whose investment is inadequate or limited. It should be pointed out however, that improved sales do not necessarily mean high profit margin if production costs increased at a faster rate than sales. Keywords: Social Science, financial variables, investment, input, profit margin, grouper cage culture, descriptive-correlational design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

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Environmental Services in the Forest: How can Conservation and Development be Reconciled? Raymund B. Gemora West Visayas State University - Janiuay, Campus Janiuay, Iloilo Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:41 – 4:00 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

The study examined how conservation and development be reconciled. It also determined the initiatives to demonstrate the ability to encourage forest conservation through market mechanisms involving direct involvement in forestation. The study was a qualitative study. That focused on the environmental services in the forest. Based on in-depth interviews, the study revealed that to be effective in the long-run, programs have to consider the needs and priorities of forest dwellers, which are indeed beyond market-based incentives; a win-win discourse combining forest conservation and poverty alleviation through provision may hide vested interests of developed communities’. Finally, proving the workability of activities and their quantification for emissions credit will be critical for the launching of reducing emissions from forestation and degradation in the future climate agreement. Keywords: Environmental Science, environmental services, forest, conservation, development, descriptive design, Iloilo city, Philippines

Status of Mangrove Vegetation in Lemery, Batangas, Southern Luzon, Philippines Bernardo C. Lunar colonelc4b@yahoo.com De La Salle Lipa, Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:01 – 4:20 pm Venue: Sulawesi

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In consonance with De La Salle Lipa’s active participation in the reforestation efforts of the One Million Trees and Beyond Project of De La Salle Philippines and Lasallian Institute for the Environment, this descriptive study determined diversity of mangrove species in two forest blocks of Lemery, Batangas. From the eight quadrats measuring 10m x 10m laid along the low, mid and high intertidal zones of the two mangrove forest blocks, a total of 153 mangrove trees belonging to 13 species were found. The 113 mangrove trees in Mataas na Bayan have average girth at breast height of 29.42 cm; average height of 4.07 m; average crown of 1.93 m; and average diameter at breast height of 9.36cm, while the 40 mangrove trees in Palanas have average girth at breast height of 43.89 cm; average height of 6.74m; average crown of 2.82m; and average diameter at breast height of 13.97cm. The Palanas mangrove forest was found to have a relatively higher species richness of 12 and diversity index of 2.276 than that of Mataas na Bayan’s 9 and 1.318. These diversity indices indicate that Lemery is home to different mangrove species, which justifies the essentiality for mangrove management, protection and reforestation. Keywords: Plant Ecology, mangrove, diversity index, plant biodiversity, descriptive design, Batangas, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Secure Domination in Graphs: A Network Protection Strategy Elmer C. Castillano Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:31 – 4:50 pm Venue: Sulawesi

Keywords: Mathematics Education, graph, domination, secure domination, external private neighborhood, join, Quasi-experimental design, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

Relevance of SUC Fisheries Technology Curriculum to Industry Needs: CHMSC OJT Programs Rolando T. Esparagoza Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:51 – 5:10 pm Venue: Sulawesi

In the context of technical education and national economic growth, fisheries are significant sources of wealth, contributing to country’s economy. However, the shortage of national capacity is an impediment to sustainable development in fisheries. This shortage can best be remedied through apprenticeship. It is imperative that academic experience must be complemented with industry training to remedy the shortage of fishery skills. A person who is properly trained is far more productive than someone who has not been trained. This study assessed the relevance of school learning to the OJTs of Fishery Education students of CHMSC. Results of a survey using a researcher-made Likert-scale instrument showed that OJT students rated school learning to be Relevant to their On-the-Job Training program. The OJT supervisors somehow assessed the school learning of the OJT students in their company to be relevant depending on the matching of assignments of the school managers to the industry where the strengths and the weaknesses shall be given utmost attention. Teachers teaching technical subjects should keep abreast with industry development. This baseline study offers some guide to improve the curricular program of CHMSC-College of Fisheries to be relevant to the needs and demands of sustainable future fishery industry. Keywords: Fishery Education, curriculum enhancement, curriculum matching survey, descriptive design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Graph theory has been increasingly significant as it is applied to other areas of mathematics, science and technology. For the protection strategy, the usual way involves placing a set (possibly empty) of guards at designated vertices of a graph so that the graph is considered protected. In any of these strategies, the main interest is to find the minimum number of guards (or vertices) in order to ensure the desired protection for an entire network (or graph). Since some types of dominating sets could leave some location of a network unmonitored or unprotected, a need of extra guards seems fit. One of the most recent types of dominating sets geared towards improving the protection strategy is the so-called secure dominating set. In this paper, the researchers characterized the secure dominating set (or the secure set of a network) in terms of the concept of external private neighborhood of a vertex. The secure dominating sets in the join of two graphs were also investigated. As direct consequences, the secure domination numbers of these graphs were also obtained. A series of computational experimentations before making conjectures was done in this study. In particular, for any complete graphs and , the secure domination number of the join of these graphs is Also, the secure domination of the join of any connected graph and a complete graph of order is

205

Assessment of Phenotypic Diversity of Rhizophora spp. (Rhizophoraceae) in Pagapas Bay, Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Leah E. Endonela e_endonela@yahoo.com University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:11 – 5:30 pm Venue: Sulawesi The phenotypic diversity of Rhizophora species in Pagapas Bay, Calatagan, Batangas was assessed based on morpho-anatomical parameters. Plant characterization descriptors for Rhizophora was developed and was validated through a year-round field exploration. The descriptor states for each character covered the extent of morpho-anatomical variations present. Diversity analysis using standardized Shannon-Weaver index (H’), an average of 0.77 indicates high intraspecific phenotypic diversity among the Rhizophora species studied. Cluster analysis (UPGMA SANH) showed that R. mucronata, R. stylosaand R. xlamarckii clustered together, while R. apiculata formed a separate distinct group. Analysis of scores for 20 qualitative traits using simple matching coefficient revealed that - R. mucronata and R. stylosa showed 100% similarity at 0.76 coefficient and for 20 quantitative traits using Euclidean Distance coefficient, R. mucronata and R. x lamarckii showed 100 percent similarity at 7.12 coefficient. Interestingly, R. xlamarckii resembles intermediate features between R. mucronata and R. stylosa. This exemplified that R. mucronata, R. stylosa and R. xlamarckii are closely related. Hence, this study claimed that R. mucronata and R. stylosa might the possible parents of sterile R. xlamarckii. Validated plants descriptors and data on species phenotypic diversity index can fill in knowledge gaps for sustainable mangrove conservation and management programs in the country. Keywords: Biology, Bakauan, morpho-anatomy, phenotypic diversity, descriptive design, Laguna, Philippines

Faculty Teaching Performance and Job Related Stress as Influenced by their Time Management Pattern Jeremias L. Convocar jeremiasconvocar@yahoo.com West Visayas State University –Lambunao Campus,Lambunao,IloIlo, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:31 – 5:50 pm Venue: Sulawesi

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Time management is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious control over the amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency or productivity. This study determined the time management patterns among 76 randomly selected teachers at West Visayas State University (WVSU) Lambunao Campus, Lambunao, Iloilo, Philippines and its influence on their job stress and teaching performance. This descriptive research utilized the three standardized published instruments - the Roseman’s (1984, in DuBrin, 1985) Time Feelings Self-Quiz and the Schanert’s Stress Test (1981, in Abioda, 1993); and WVSU NBC 461 QCE form 01-A (2004) Performance for Teaching Effectiveness. Statistics utilized were frequency counts, percentage, means, standard deviations, and t-test set at .05alpha. The study revealed that majority of the faculty at WVSU Lambunao Campus had “Pattern C” (concern about time) time management. Generally, the faculty were “fairly stressed” and had an “outstanding” teaching performance regardless of their time management pattern. Significant differences existed in the faculty’s teaching performance when they were grouped according to their time management pattern –- those with “Pattern U” (with a sense of time urgency) showed a significantly better teaching performance than those with “Pattern C (with concern about time). Hence, proper time management or having a frame of mind to undertake time management system is the key to attaining high-level teaching performance. Keywords: Management, time management, job-related stress, teaching performance, faculty, pattern, descriptive design, Iloilo, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Catholic Identity: From the Lens of the Stakeholders of Catholic Schools Randy A. Tudy randytudy@gmail.com CorJesu College, Digos, Davao del Sur, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:00 – 1:20 pm Venue: Sumatra

Keywords: Theology, Catholicity, Catholic identity, descriptive design, Davao del Sur, Philippines

Oh Love, she says; he says. The love study Ma. Linda Arquiza University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:21 – 1:40 pm Venue: Sumatra

How do Davaoeno’s describe love and loving? The study surveyed a total of 1220 respondents using cluster and systematic sampling. It revealed that love is sacrifice and understanding than romance. The study further revealed that the characteristics of partner are responsible, sympathetic and serious, religious, good-looking, honest, romantic, humorous, rich, and intelligent. A cross-tabulation method revealed that men differ from women on their preferred characteristics of a partner. Women preferred men who are humorous and intelligent, while men searched out for women who are rich and responsible. A frequency count further revealed that loving affection for women is expressed through gifts and love notes, while men show loving affection through giving flowers and saying “I love you”. The study confirmed the law of attraction; opposite attracts. Keywords: Social Science, love, loving, descriptive design, Davao City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Amidst the challenges and scandals within the Catholic Church and the negative influence of contemporary world, Catholic schools are faced with a question how Catholic they are. Catholic identity refers to the life and mission of Catholic schools. The main purpose of the study was to define Catholicity according to the perspective of the stakeholders of the Catholic Basic Education schools in Region XI, Philippines. It used both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Focus group discussions (FGDs) among school administrators and representatives were conducted which resulted to the identification of four major criteria, namely: Faithfulness to the Mission of the Church, Christ-centeredness, Culture and Witnessing of the members of the School Community. To validate these criteria, a survey questionnaire was formulated and distributed to the schools’ stakeholders. The findings revealed that the four criteria received potential strength rating. No significant difference was found on the 3 criteria, except for Culture. However when grouped according to locations, stakeholders from the city rated higher than those in the provinces. Thus, the study affirmed the effectiveness of the Catholic schools to remain faithful to their identity as Catholics while it posed a challenge to move from potential strength to clear strength.

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Impact Assessment of iSchools Project for Public High Schools in Northern Luzon

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Mary Jane S. Bitanga Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus, Isabela, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 1:41 – 2:00 pm Venue: Sumatra

iSchools Project is one of the extension projects of Isabela State University Cauayan Campus in cooperation with the Commission on Information and Communications Technology (CICT) now the Information Technology Office (ICTO) using the e-government fund. The project was implemented from 2007 – 2013. The purposes of this study is to assess the extent of assistance provided by State Universities and Colleges (SUC) to the recipients of iSchools Project in Northern Luzon; The researcher used the descriptive method with the use of questionnaire and interview based on the Log Frame Analysis of the iSchools Project. The respondents of the study were the 74 school heads of the different iSchools Project recipients. The data gathered was treated using the frequency and percentage distribution and weighted mean. Findings revealed that satisfaction on State Universities and Colleges (SUC) assistance was mainly due to the good services of the handling SUC such as immediate response in providing technical assistance and providing information of upcoming activities and trainings of the teachers. Hence, iSchools project helps teachers integrate ICT in teaching and had a positive effect on student learning. Overall, the project was successful due to full cooperation of all stakeholders. Keywords: CICT, iSchools Project, SUC, ICT, ICT Extension Project, Northern Luzon Philippines

Mangrove-friendly Culture of Mudcrab Scylla tranquebarica: A Silvofishery Option Desiderio E. Omen devgrusventek@yahoo.com Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:11 – 2:30 pm Venue: Sumatra

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Silvofishery is unique aquaculture system where, in the same pond, both commercially valuable aquatic animals and mangroves are allowed to grow together. The study was on culturing and growing mud crab Scylla tranquebarica in bamboo pens constructed in abandoned fishpond that had been rehabilitated to mangral stand. It demonstrated the potential of fattening mud crab Scylla tranquebarica for silvofishery. During the 1st production cycle, the two-treatment three-replicate project design was laid out in completely randomized design. Fattening was carried out for 20 days. After the cycle, the average weight gained of 90 male and 90 female post-molted lean crabs was 131.2 g with 97.77% survival. The ROI was 67% ROI and the net breakeven sale was P2, 840.10. Analysis of the project’s economic feasibility assumed that the structure was utilizable for six production cycles. During the 2nd and 3rd cycles, there was an average ROI of 70% and a net breakeven sale of P2, 702.17. Assuming unchanged price of lean mudcrab and trashfish from suppliers for three remaining production cycles, the completed project will have an ROI of 70%. According to the participants of the demonstration, the project can be packaged for technology adoption through information, education, and communication channels. Keywords: Aquaculture, silvofishery, scylla tranquebarica culture, scylla tranquebarica in bamboo pens, scylla tranquebarica fattening, cost-and-return analysis. , experimental design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Abundance and Distributional Ecology of Marine Mammals in Guimaras Island Lilian Diana B. Parreño parrenolilian@gmail.com Guimaras State College, Buenavista, Guimaras, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 2:31 – 2:50 pm Venue: Sumatra

Keywords: Marine ecology,marine mammals, distributional ecology, descriptive-correlational, Guimaras, Philippines

Livelihood Sustainability in Small Fishing Village - Pulupandan: Mending Filter Net Issues Imee R. Perante imeerperante@yahoo.com Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:21 – 3:40 pm Venue: Sumatra Filter nets or Tangab are passive gears which filter huge volumes of water and catch everything carried by the currents. Tangab fishery is widely distributed in the rivers of Negros Occidental particularly in the municipality of Pulupandan. In a survey on offshore tangab fishery in Pulupandan, Negros Occidental, Philippines, the 61 offshore tangab operators who answered the researcher-made validated instrument indicated that there were 598 bocas or units of Tangab filter nets operating in 11 designated sites distributed in unequal numbers among the six coastal communities of municipality. Tangab operated in Pulupandan during southwest and northeast monsoons. The “target” catch by operators were sergested shrimps, that were processed into pintal and ginamos, and larval anchovy, processed into tinabal. Though Tangab fishery sustains community livelihood, the unnecessary harvest of ‘trash fish’ somehow leads to: loss of large variety of species and enormous numbers of individuals, disruption of food webs and community structures of marine organisms, and eventual decline of marine fisheries. The study recommended that these should be regulation of the Tangab fishery. However, the regulatory management tool and approach should be made in the ecological and socioeconomic contexts with the participation and acceptance of the direct stakeholders. Keywords: Social Science, municipal fishery, Tangab (filter nets), regulatory management approach, coastal communities, descriptive design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

The presence of critically endangered Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) was confirmed along Guimaras Strait which prompted the researchers to determine the abundance and distributional ecology of marine mammals in Guimaras. Descriptive correlational research design was used. The data were gathered by means of survey using researcher-made instrument, daily sea monitoring, and monthly sea reconnaissance. Water depth, wave conditions turbidity, temperature, salinity, phytoplankton and zooplankton densities were determined. Statistical tools used were frequency, percent, ANOVA and Pearson’s r. Marine mammals identified were Irrawaddy and Spinner dolphins, Dugongs and Whale Sharks. Historical data showed that marine mammals were frequently seen from April- June and September- November. Deaths of marine mammals were confirmed. The bones of Irrawaddy dolphin and pictures of Dugongs and whale sharks served as bases for the establishment of identification keys. Salinity, turbidity, zooplankton and phytoplankton densities showed significant difference at 0.05 level of significance. Correlations occurred between salinity and temperature, and between phytoplankton and zooplankton densities at 0.01 level (2-tailed test) equivalent to (r2)=6.07%. It was confirmed that marine mammals especially the critically endangered Irrawaddy dolphin frequent Guimaras Strait which receives fresh water from Jalaur river in Panay island. These findings should be used as basis for the marine mammals’ protection and the development of marine conservation programs in the island.

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Bat Diversity in Mining Area in Kinayao, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat, Mindanao, Philippines

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Lothy F. Casim lothyfcasim@gmail.com University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:31 – 3:50 pm Venue: Sumatra Global bat population is under the pressure of habitat modification and destruction leading to the decline of species population. This study was conducted to document bat diversity in a small-scale gold mining site in Kinayao Village, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat. Mist netting was utIlized to sample bats until plateau state of the species accumulation curve was achieved. A total of 226 individuals were listed representing two families, eight genera and eight species. Of the eight species identified, three species are endemic (Haplonycteris fischeri, Megaerops wetmorei and Ptenochirus jagori) and one species is considered as vulnerable (M. wetmorei). Cynopterusbrachyotis was the most abundant species recorded. Results of diversity indices revealed low bat diversity in the area. Different on-site disturbances like road establishment, swidden farming, and dynamite blasting were observed during sampling. In addition, it was noted that low capture rate of bat was obtained during the active blasting activity. Findings suggested that mining and its associated activities should play a vital role in bat species conservation. A long term study of bats in other places in Mindanao where mining activities are present will yield more information on bat diversity and distribution in mining areas and in attaining proper bat conservation strategies. Keywords: Chiropterology, bat diversity, endemism, distribution status, mist netting, on-site disturbances, Kinayao, Mindanao, Philippines

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World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Fish Diversity on the Coastal Waters in San Jose, Antique, Philippines Rolando A. Alimen ralimen@yahoo.com John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University MOLO, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 3:51 – 4:10 pm Venue: Sumatra

Helfman, G.S., Collette, B.B., Facey, D.E., & B.W. Bowen (2009, 2012) in The Diversity of Fishes, Evolution, and Ecology asserted that fishes account for more than half of all living vertebrates and are the most successful vertebrates in aquatic habitats worldwide. The researchers add that there are about 28,000 living species of fishes, of which approximately 1000 are cartilaginous (sharks, skates, ray), 108 are jawless (hagfishes, lampreys), and the remaining 26,000 are bony fishes. This study was conducted to determine fish diversity of the coastal waters in San Jose, Antique. Fifteen fish species were identified based on the fisher folks’catch. This paper is not taxonomic in nature. It basically laid out the variety of fish caught in this area of study. Moreover, it looked into the fish catching experiences of the fisher folks. Keywords: Ichthyology, fish diversity, coastal waters, descriptive design, Iloilo, Philipines

Eusebio P. Famador e156famador@yahoo.com St. Peter’s College, Iligan City, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:21 – 4:40 pm Venue: Sumatra

The importance of fluid flow and heat transfer arises from the fact that many industrial processes rely on this phenomenon for material processing or energy transfer i.e. power plants. The experimental investigation was undertaken to determine if there are significant differences between flows of air, water and mixture of air and water with respect to inclination and tilting angle. The set-up was fabricated and commissioned at the Mechanical Engineering Technology building of Mindanao University for Science and Technology, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines. There are three phases: the liquid (pure water) phase, gas (pure air) phase, and the mixing (water and air) phase. The unknown factors are then obtained by multiple linear regressions. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to determine if there is a significant effect in studying the single–phase and two-phase flows in a regular dividing T-junction. The effect of tilting and inclination angles is significant in the flow separation of single phase (water alone) through the branch and the run and also in the flow separation of mixtures of water and air. Flow separation through the branch is largely attributed to the gravitational pull while through the run is the momentum of the fluid. Keywords: Industrial Technology, industrial processes, T-Junction, multiple linear regression, experimental design, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Single and Two-Phase Flows on Horizontal and Inclined Pipe through a Regular Dividing 25 mm Φ T-Junction

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Effectiveness of Barangay Microsoft Word Processing Training

Concurrent Sessions • May 3

Gary C. Garcia garychmich@yahoo.com.ph Southern Leyte State University-San Juan Campus, Southern Leyte, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 4:41 – 5:00 pm Venue: Sumatra Big companies and institutions are now using computers and networks to enhance performance and speed up transactions. Unfortunately, most local communities in the province are still using typewriter in making documents. Thus, this study evaluated the basic typing skills, word editing, and document printing capability of the barangay officials who participated in the training in Microsoft Word Processing during the summer 2008.It used descriptive normative method of research as it determined the capability of the participants in word processing. Effectiveness of the training was evaluated by testing the significant difference between pre and post evaluation. Post evaluation result showed observable improvement of the participants’ capability in word processing. Their typing skills was improved from basic to above average; editing skills from illiterate to average; and document printing capability from illiterate to basic. There was a significant difference between pre-evaluation and post-evaluation result. In greater part post-evaluation result is higher than the pre-test result. Results imply that the Microsoft Word processing training for barangay officials is very effective. Computer literacy program for all elected officials is recommended to educate and expose the barangay officials and their staff to the computer technology and its uses in rendering public service in the most efficient way. Keywords: Information Technology, Word Processing, computer literacy, efficiency, public service, descriptive design, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Socio-economic Dimensions and Farmers’ View on the Development of Oyster Farming in Negros Occidental Noel N. Lebrilla devgrusventek@yahoo.com Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Negros Occidental, Philippines Day 3: May 3, 2013 • Time: 5:01 – 5:20 pm Venue: Sumatra

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Oyster farming in southern coastal districts of Negros Occidental, Philippines was a significant livelihood that supported many families. Oysters coming from the districts contributed the lion’s share in the total volume of marketed oysters within the province. The demand for the commodities was always higher than what could be supplied. Though long practiced, oyster farming in Negros Occidental remained a sustenance livelihood to many growers. While oystergrowing interest in the province grew, the industry’s growth has been generally slow compared with the growth of other aquaculture commodities like tilapia or milkfish. The study utilized open-ended questionnaire to describe the socio-economic dimensions and perceived constraints of oyster farmers hindering the development of the industry in the province. Currently, the level of investment in oyster farming in the province is considered low or small scale and run mostly by coastal household members. Although the socio-economic benefit from oyster farming is apparently positive, farmers have contended with loss of traditional oyster beds, maze of municipal ordinances, lacking financial support, and need for alternate livelihood. Consequently, government’s assistance or interventions to oyster farmers should be holistic to ensure the industry’s sustainability to bail out the beleaguered oyster farmers in the province. Keywords: Aquaculture, oyster farming, livelihood, socio-economics, investments, oyster farming constraints, descriptive design, Negros Occidental, Philippines

World Research Festival 2013 • Davao City, Philippines Theme: Research for a sustainable world! • ISSN: 2094-9529

World Research Festival 2013

IAMURE Personnel

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President DR. GENARO V. JAPOS genarojapos@gmail.com +63 917 7035283

Executive Vice President JONY V. BERJES jberjes@gmail.com +63 917 7175669

Vice President for Operations IRISH JANE P. BALIOS irishane_100907@yahoo.com.ph +63 917 7263153

Consultant for Publications ISMAEL N. TALILI ismaeltalili@gmail.com +63 916 8419382

Executive Editor KAYE HAZEL N. ABAO kayzelchin@gmail.com +63 905 8996667

Web Administrator LAWRENCE S. BABANTO babanto.lawrence@gmail.com +63 917 7263155

Admin Staff CHRIS IVAN O. LAGAPA ivanlagapa@gmail.com +63 927 4414144

Admin Staff DZAN MICHAEL C. MIﾃ前ZA dzanminoza@gmail.com +63 926 3345117

Admin Staff SYLVAN D. LANGAYLANGAY sylvan.langay2@gmail.com +63 926 1545063

Philippine Association of Institutions For Research (PAIR) Agusan del Sur School of Arts and Trade Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology Aklan State University Asian College of Science and Technology Bataan Peninsula State University Bohol Island State University Brokenshire College Bukidnon State University Capitol University Carlos Hilado Memorial State College Cebu Normal University Central Mindanao University Cor Jesu College Davao Central College Davao Doctors College De La Salle Lipa Father Saturnino Urios University Holy Cross of Davao College Holy Name University Iligan Medical Center College John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation - Bacolod John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation - Arevalo John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University Jose Rizal Memorial State University La Consolacion College - Bacolod La Salle University Liceo de Cagayan University Lyceum of the Philippines University Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital College of Medical Arts Foundation, Inc. Mindanao University of Science and Technology Misamis University Mountain View College Notre Dame of Dadiangas University Notre Dame of Kidapawan College Notre Dame of Marbel University Our Lady of Fatima University Pampanga Agricultural College Romblon State University Saint Joseph Institute of Technology San Pedro College Southern Christian College Surigao del Sur State University Surigao Education Center Surigao State College of Technology Universidad de Zamboanga University of Bohol University of Cebu University of Mindanao University of Northern Philippines University of San Jose Recoletos University of the Cordilleras University of the Immaculate Conception Wesleyan University Xavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan