MAT3_Projektbesichtigung

CITIUS, ALTIUS, FORTIUS

IAT

Stocker

Institut für Architektur technologie

USER MANUAL for indoor and outdoor sports and facilities

Volleyball Gym Typologies Tennis Badminton SS15_LV 149.807 MAT 3_PROJEKTBESICHTIGUNG Stands Basketball Handball Judo Karate Football Futsal Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

„Dabei sein ist alles“

CITIUS, ALTIUS, FORTIUS

„Dabei sein ist alles“

IAT

Stocker

SS15_LV 149.807

Institut für Architektur technologie

MAT 3_PROJEKTBESICHTIGUNG

Volleyball

Melody Wing Hang Chan | Chandler Yue Shing Lam

Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. It is a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964.

Volleyball Court Summary

Volleyball Definition

Court Dimensions, marks, safety distances

Equipment Net requirements, net height

Hall Hall height, spectator capacity

Appendix Standards from Federation Internationale de Volleyball

Volleyball

DEFINITION Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Volleyball is usually an indoor hall game, but can also be played outdoors (in the form of beach volleyball). In volleyball, each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the side of the other team’s court.

Court

Fig. 1

Game (normal field): according to Fig. 1

court. On the side, the player bench is 1.75 m away and parallel to the sideline, which also is dashed with „coaches lines“.

MARKING

SAFETY DISTANCES

Lines: width of 5 cm Colour: is not universally defined but the colour should have good contrast with the colour of the soil as well as all other lines.

The attack line (dashed lines of 15 cm long, 20 cm apart) is 3 m away from the centreline and prolongs 1.75 m across the edge of the

Safety distances to the game court for viewers, walls and obstacles in: Training and school sports - at least 2.5 m Regional events - at least 3 m (sideline) National events - at least 4 m International events - 5 m (sideline) 8 m (endline)

DIMENSIONS

Court FIVB Volleyball

Official Competition Court Layout OCL-1

First-tier Event Branding

First-tier Event Branding

Competition Control Area VIS

Photographers‘ Positions

Photographers‘ Positions

20 cm

Team Statistican

9m

– Bibs for Photographers / another colour for the HB – Official jacket for CC members

5m

First-tier Event Branding

5 cm

15 cm

3m

1.75 m

6m

VIS

Advertising Boards

Hygrometer Thermometer Clock or Chronograph Manual Scoreboard 2 rubber wheel trolleys Net measuring rod 6x1m long mops 8 absorbent towels 4 Linesmen‘s red or yellow flags 40x40cm Pressure gauge Ball measuring devices (weight & circumference) TV Replay light 1 set of post pads 1 reserve net 1 pair of reserve antenaes

Free Zone

5 cm

Advertising Boards

– – – –

Ball Retriever 20 cm

Microphone & Replay Light 1m

Photographers‘ Positions

First-tier Event Branding

– – – – – – – – –

Ball Retriever

Photographers‘ Positions

Blue or black carpet to cover the parquet in the control area and around tribunes

Other Material Needed

– –

VIS

Advertising Boards

9m 25.5 m

Advertising Boards

Ball Retriever

2m

Competition Control Area Delimitation Fence

Configuration Plan of Playing Area under Exclusive FIVB Control Back, Free Zone, Playing Court, Dimensions, Panels, Enlargement, Personnel and Branding

5 cm

Assistant Coach

Quick Moppers

2.20m

Players Chairs Cover 4.5m

3m

Competition Control Area Penalty Area

150x90x70

Court Announcer Match Balls

Control Committee

300x90x70

Ball Trolley Riser 360x180x20

9m

1.30m

5m

Moppers Cover 2m

Players Chairs Cover 4.5m

TV Commentator*

Competition Control Area 150x45x70

*To be located on the Media Tribune if possible

Penalty Area

Warm-Up Area Ball Trolley

First-tier Event Branding 9m

38 m

Fig. 2 Detailed layout plan

Players Chairs

0.70m

Cover 3.6m

First-tier Event Branding 8m

Protection Fence

Assistant Coach

0.45m 150x90x70

Cover 2m

Ball Retriever

Numbered Cards

Table Cover

Players Chairs

Moppers

Coach

Ball Retriever

Cameraman & Cableman

4.5 m

Numbered Cards

3m

2m

Blue or black carpet to cover the parquet in the control area and around tribunes

Buzzer

Scoreboard VIS Operator

First-tier Event Branding

20 cm Coach

Ball Retriever Protection Fence

Warm-Up Area

1.75 m

Photographers‘ Positions

Buzzer

Photographers‘ Positions

First-tier Event Branding

Net Camera

Official Scorers

Free Zone

15 cm

5 cm Team Statistican

8m

2m

Equipment

Fig. 3

NET REQUIREMENTS Above the centre line is the 9.5 m long and 1 m wide net (Fig. 3). It consists of square mesh with 10 cm long of black material. On the sides of the net are white bands to which the antennas of 9 m apart are mounted. The antenna is a flexible rod that is 1.8 m long and has a diameter of 0.01 m. There is a 7 cm wide white ribbon on the top edge. the top edge of the net should is 2.43 m above the centreline for men‘s competition and 2.24 m for women‘s. The net is attached to

two 2.55m high post (preferably adjustable).

There must be a distance of 0.5 m to 1.0 m from the sidelines outside of the playing field.

NET HEIGHT Youth (U17): male 2.35 m, female 2.20 m Student (U15): male 2.30 m, female 2.18 m Midi (U13): male 2.15 m, female 2.10 m Mini (U12): 2.05 m/ Supermini (U11): 2.00 m

Hall

HALL HEIGHT Hall height above the playing area (unobstructed, clear height): School sports - min. 7 m National events, and European Cup and Champions League - min. 9 m International games, European League min. 10 m European Championship, world cup, Olympic Games - min. 12.5 m

SPECTATOR CAPACITY National Finals: min. 500 Europacup: min. 1000 European League: min. 2000

Appendix

­

­

­

­

Standards for competition halls (SFIV)

­

­

­

­

­

­

­

­

FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE VOLLEYBALL

Name of training hall : _____________________________ Address : ___________________________________________________________

O-14 1 SITUATION

TRAINING HALLS INSPECTION AND HOMOLOGATION

2 DISTANCE FROM To be renovated The city

To be built Private

a) b) c)

Present condition : Owner :

d)

e-mail :...................................................... Telephone :.............................. Fax:.........................................

Ready The state

Start Date :----------------------------------------Completion:..............................................

Name of Director/Manager :.........................................................................................................................

3 PLAYING AREA

FIVB REQUIREMENTS

a)

Dimensions

34 x 19m

b) c)

Height free from any obstacle Floor cover

Taraflex

d)

Under flooring

e)

Posts, nets, antennae

f)

Lighting

g)

Air Conditioning / Heating system

Currently available

Modifications required

City centre a)

in km :

b)

Time by bus :

Date of completion

Appendix

Teams' hotel

Officials' Hotel

FINDINGS DURING FINAL INSPECTION

7m wood on beam Senoh 700 Lux Between 16째(61째F) & 25째(77째F)

4 CHANGING ROOMS a)

Number

2

b)

Lockers

12-15

c)

Benches/Chairs

12-15

d)

Massage Tables

e)

Showers

1 4-5

f)

Toilets

2-3

5 FIRST AID ROOM a)

Furniture & equipment

b)

Ice Machine

6 FITNESS & EXERCISING ROOM a)

Weight bars & other equip.

b)

Sauna or Swiming Pool

RESERVED FOR FIVB INSPECTORS

Remarks :

This Training Gym is : rejected

to be modified

available

provisionnally reserved

DECISION AFTER FINAL INSPECTION FIVB APPROVED

REJECTED

Date.......... by (name)...................................................Signature.................................

FIVB Official form O-14 / November 2012

Standards for training halls (SFIV)

Fitness Gym

Melody Wing Hang Chan | Chandler Yue Shing Lam

A fitness gym is a place which houses exercise equipment for the purpose of physical exercise.

Fitness Gym Summary

Facility Planning Fitness Gym Design Considerations Stretch area, Cardiovascular Area, Resistance Area

Detailed Design Considerations Location, Access, Ceiling height, Flooring, Windows

Facility Planning

General areas that usually include in a fitness gym complex are (Fig. 4 and 5): Reception and Entrance – first point for contact of potential users and provide a warm, inviting entrance; access may be controlled by an access system, e.g. turnstile and gates Office – a secure office will need to accommodate the day to day administration and general housekeeping duties

Café or Lounge – a café and/or lounge area should be provided and be located close to the reception foyer; the café often serves as the social hub of the facility, as well as providing an area for relaxation and refreshment before or after using the facilities Changing rooms – changing room capacities and sizes need to be calculated to meet the likely normal maximum occupancy level and patterns of use

Fig. 4 Basic relationship between main activity and support spaces of a fitness centre

Facility Planning

Fitness gym - where the fitness area is relatively small, for example, when part of a small centre one changing space should be provided for each item of equipment. For larger centres changing spaces and lockers are provided at a lower ratio as gym usage is individual and users arrive and leave at different times; allow for one shower for every 6 changing spaces.

Fig. 5 Example of a multilevel fitness gym layout

Fitness Gym Design Considerations

The overall fitness gym area will depend upon the anticipated number of users and mix of equipment. The minimum required space is 25m2, although the majority of gyms occupy an area of 100-200m2 to ensure a range of options are given to users.

The shape of the fitness gym area will inevitably be defined by the overall design of the building, but ideally should aim to be broadly rectangular with a length to width ratio below 3:1.

Fitness Gym Design Considerations

STRETCH AREA - The stretch area should be the first and last area to be used, for warming up and stretching limbs before moving onto other equipment, and warming down afterwards.

It should be located near to the fitness gym entrance to promote its use.

- The stretch area should be supplied with vinyl covered padded floor matting and wall mounted mirrors.

- A wall barre should be provided at a height approximately 1.2m above the floor for support.

- Accessible racking and storage should be provided to enable loose equipment to be stored.

- Avoid direct down lighting above the stretch area, as this will cause glare for the user who may be laying down and facing up during stretching exercises.

Fitness Gym Design Considerations

CARDIOVASCULAR AREA Item checklist: Tread/running machines, Upper Body Ergometers, Cross trainers, Bicycles, Step machines, Rowing machines CV areas are generally planned so that the CV equipment is arranged in multiple tiered rows facing one direction, with the lowest equipment at the front, grouped in front of an audio/visual system.

Occasionally a fitness centre may offer group classes in the main CV area.

Power and data should be provided through local inset floor boxes arranged in a grid over the fitness gym area.

Fitness Gym Design Considerations

RESISTANCE AREA Item checklist: Adjustable bench, Work benches, Dumbbells, Dumbbell racks, Bars, plates, and plate racks, High pulley, Low pulley, Leverage machines, Standing leg curl, Circuit stations, Push/pull circuit stations Circuit training areas should have machines placed a minimum of min. 0,60m in apart but preferably 1m in.

Taller pieces of equipment should be bolted clown to the floor or wall for stability and safety, such as squat racks. Any equipment should be placed at least min. 0,15m away from wall mirrors. Traffic flow should flow around the perimeter of each exercise area so that athletes do not have to cross one area to get to another. Carpet, rubber walkways or different colours can be used to designate these paths while maintaining a minimum of widths of min. 0,90m with no obstructions. At least one path should bisect the room.

Fitness Gym Design Considerations

Fig. 5 Space allocation of equipment

Detailed Design Considerations

LOCATION

FLOORING

Ideally, strength and conditioning rooms should be located on the ground floor with an easily accessible entrance for moving large pieces of equipment in or out.

The two most common materials for flooring are carpet and various types of rubber flooring. In places where free-weights touch the ground facilities should have rubber flooring; otherwise, carpet is recommended for sound and aesthetics.

ACCESS The room should have clear unobstructed doors and pathways both inside and out and meet all specifications. Doorways should be a minimum of min. 0,90m wide, with hallways and circulation passages a minimum of min.1.50m wide.

CEILING HEIGHT Ceiling height should be a minimum of 3.5m — 4.5m; this would include other items such as lighting, pipes, fans, and signage.

WINDOWS Windows should be located a minimum of min. 0.50m above the floor to protect from rolling bars and plates that could break them. High windows or skylights can be used but should be positioned to avoid any potential glare.

Quellen Sources

Sportst채ttenguide Neufert http://www.fivb.org/en/volleyball/Forms.asp https://www.sportengland.org/media/32375/Fitness-and-exercise-spaces.pdf http://www.nsca.com/uploadedFiles/NSCA/Resources/PDF/Education/Programs/RSCC/Facility%20 Risk%20Management%20mod%205.pd

Sports Hall | Typology

Helena Beljan, Nikola Janković

Die Größe der Sporthallen ergibt sich aus der Feldgröße, der darin ausgeführten Feldspiele und der dazu notwendigen lichten Raumhöhen. Hinzu kommen Lager, Umkleide- und Waschräume, ggf. Zuschauerplätze und weitere Technik- und Nebenräume. Unter anderem,setzen auch ÖNORMen die dafür notwendigen Standards und geben Planungshinweise, auf deren Basis die Projektziele definiert werden sollten.

The size of the sports halls results from the field size of the performing sport and the need of clear room heights.

In addition there are also storage, changing rooms and washrooms, where appropriate or necessary audience seats and other technical and ancillary rooms. Among others also ÖNORM (Austrian Standards Institute) relies the necessary standards and are planning instructions and thereupon one should define the project goals and objectives.

Summary

Sporthallenarten Sports hall types

Teilbarkeit Divisibility

Richtlinien: Größe Guidelines: Sizes

Layouts Lyouts

Nebenräume Adjoining rooms

Mehrzweckhallen Multi-purpose halls

Sports Hall Types

PLANS I FIELD MARKING...

Hallentypen können in Bezug auf folgenden Punkten definiert werden: Sportarten (Wassersport, Sport ohne Wasser, Eissport, usw.), Teilbarkeit ( 1-fach, 2-fach, 3-fach, mehrfach, usw.), Hallen mit und ohne dem Zuschauerraum, Größe (große Halle als regionale Sportarena, kleine Halle, usw.), Spezialsporthallen.

Hall types can be defined in terms of the following points: sports (watersports, sports without water, icesport, etc.), divisibility (single, double, triple, multiple, etc.), halls with and without additional spectator seating, size (large hall as a regional sports arena, small hall, etc.), special sports halls.

Divisibility

In der Regel können größere Sporthallen durch Trennwände, die von der Decke abgesenkt oder in Wandnischen verschoben werden, unterteilt und somit von mehreren Gruppen gleichzeitig genutzt werden.

Die Hallenteile müssen getrennt zugänglich sein und eine Öffnung für den Gerätetransport besitzen.

Zum Beispiel: das Bild oben zeigt, wie ein leichter Stoff die Sporthalle in zwei große Tätigkeitsbereiche unterteilen kann.

In general, larger sports halls may be divided by dividing walls, which are to be lowered from the ceiling or moved in niches in the walls and thus used by several groups simultaneously.

All parts of the hall must be separately available and have an opening for the transporting the equipment.

For example picture above shows how full height netting can divide the sports hall into two large activity areas.

Guidelines: Sizes

Hallentyp Hall types

Lichtehallenmindestmaße/min. Dimensions Breite/Länge/Höhe/Width/Length/Height

Anzahl der Trainigsfelder Number of training courts/pitches

Kleine-Sporthalle Small hall

10 x 18 x 4,50 - 5,50

1 Badminton, 1 Basketball, 1 Volleyball, 1 Völkerball/Dodgeball

Einfach-Sporthalle Single-court hall

15 x 27 x 5,50

4 Badminton, 1 Basketball, 1 Volleyball, 1 Völkerball/Dodgeball, 1 Handball

Dreifach-Sporthalle Three-court hall

27 x 45 x 7,00 - 9,00

12 Badminton, 3 Basketball, 3 Volleyball, 1 Handball, 1 Hallenfußball, 1 Hallenhockey

Vierfach-Sporthalle Four-court hall

27 x 60 x 7,00 - 9,00

16 Badminton, 4 Basketball, 4 Volleyball, 1 Handball, 1 Hallenfußball, 1 Hallenhockey

ÖNORM B2608 / Austrian Standards Institute norms nr.

B2608

Layouts

Badminton Volleyball Basketball Kleine-Sporthalle / Small hall

Layouts

Badminton Volleyball Basketball Handball Einfach-Sporthalle / Single-court hall

Layouts

Badminton Volleyball Basketball Handball/FuĂ&#x;ball Dreifach-Sporthalle / Three-court hall

Layouts

Badminton Volleyball Basketball Handball Vierfach-Sporthalle / Four-court hallSingle-court hall

Adjoining rooms

Schmutzgang / Streetshoe Corridor Sauberkeitsgang / Sportshoe Corridor Übliche Umkleideräume / Common dressing rooms

Sportumkleiden und Sportgeräteräume liegen sinnvollweise auf der Ebene des Spielfeldes. Jedem Umkleideraum ist grundsätzlich ein Waschraum zuzuordnen. Diese Räumlichkeiten werden bei kleinen Hallen häufig in einem flachen Bau an einer Längsseite der Halle angefügt. Zuschauer können sich an den übrigen Seiten der Halle oder darüber gruppieren. Übliche Umkleideräume / Common dressing rooms

Sports changing rooms and sports equipment rooms are reasonable as at the level of the playing field. Each locker room is basically next to a laundry room. These facilities are often added in small venues in a flat building on a one of long side of the hall.

Viewers can be grouped then on the other side of the hall.

Adjoining rooms

Rechteckig / Rectangular

Einseitig / One-sided

U-fรถrmig / U-shaped

Doppelseitig / Two-sided

Elliptisch / Elliptical Dreiseitig / Trilateral

Kreisformig / Circular Vierseitig / Quadrilateral

Position und Form des Publikums/ Position and schape of the auditorium

Adjoining rooms

Ăœblicher Grundriss einer Einfach-Sporthalle / Plan layout of a single-court hall

Headline

Ăœblicher Grundriss einer Dreifach-Sporthalle / Plan layout of a three-court hall (22x44x7)

Multi-purpose halls

Arata Isozaki, Pier Paolo Maggiora: Palasport Olimpico, Torino, Italy

Mehrzweckhallen sind Sporthallen, die auch zu anderen Veranstaltungen, wie Festen oder Vorführungen genutzt werden. Die Halle erhält dazu eine feste, mobile oder demontable Bühne mit Treppenzugängen.

Eine Beleuchtungs- und Beschallungsanlage ist ebenfalls erforderlich. Zudem sollten Projektionen realisierbar sein. Verdunkelungsanlagen erlauben Projektionen bei Tag, sind jedoch in der Regel nicht erforderlich. Für Künstler sollten min. 2 Garderobenräume mit Toiletten zu Verfügung gestellt werden.

Multi-purpose halls sports halls, which are also used for other events, such as festivals or shows. The hall contains a fixed, mobile or demountable stage with stair access. A lighting and sound system is also required.

Furthermore are projections to be realizable. Blackout systems allow projections by day, but are not usually required. For artists needs to be at least 2 locker rooms with toilets available.

Headline

ICE HOCKEY 12 500 SPECTATORS

GYMNASTICS, BADMINTON x4 12 500 SPECTATORS

SWIMMING 12 500 SPECTATORS

BOXING 20 000 SPECTATORS

INDOOR ATHLETICS 12 500 SPECTATORS

MOTOR SHOW 12 500 SPECTATORS

FOOTSAL, BASKETBALLx2, HANDBALL, VOLLEYBALL, BADMINTONx2 12 500 SPECTATORS

ROCK CONCERT 13 000 SPECTATORS

Tennis

Lisa Jartschitsch & Thomas Gössler

Tennis ist ein Rückschlagspiel, das von zwei oder vier Spielern gespielt wird. Spielt ein Spieler gegen einen anderen, so wird dies Einzel genannt, spielen je zwei Spieler gegeneinander, wird dies Doppel genannt, wobei je nach Zusammensetzung vom Herrendoppel (zwei Männer), Damendoppel (zwei Frauen) oder gemischten Doppel (Mixed) die Rede ist. Ziel des Spiels ist es, den Tennisball einmal mehr als der Gegner regelgerecht über ein in der Mitte gespanntes Netz in dessen Spielfeld zu spielen.

Tennis is a racquet sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a racquet that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent‘s court. The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a good return. The opponent who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite opponent will.

Summary

Spielfeld/-platz Court

Maße Measurements

Markierungen Field markings

Geräte Equipment

Boden Pavement

Umzäunung im Freien Enclosure exterior

Halle Hall

Spielfeld / Maße

Court / Measurements

SPIELFELD/-PLATZ: Der Tennisplatz besteht aus dem markierten Spielfeld und den notwendigen Ausläufen.

Man unterscheidet zwischen Plätzen für das Einzel- und für das Doppelspiel. Im allgemeinen werden die Plätze meist so ausgelegt, dass sie für das Einzel- sowie für das Doppelspiel geeignet sind.

COURT: The tennis court consists the marked field and it’s safety distance. There are two different types of fields. The singles match and the double field. Normally the courts are suitable for both types.

MASSE (SPIELFELD): Spielfeldlänge: Spielfeldbreite für Einzelspielplätze: Spielfeldbbreite für Doppelspielplätze:

MEASUREMENTS (FIELD):

23,77 m 8,23 m 10,97 m

Length of the court: Width of the court (single match): Width of the court (double field):

23,77 m 8,23 m 10,97 m

Markierungen/ Geräte Field marking / Equipment

Linien:

Grundlinie:

Alle übrigen Markierungen:

min. 2,5 cm max. 10,0 cm min. 2,5 cm max. 5,0 cm

Line:

Baseline:

Other marks:

min. 2,5 cm max. 10,0 cm min. 2,5 cm max. 5,0 cm

Farbe: ist nicht festgelegt aber muss gut sichtbar sein- meist weiß oder gelb

Colour: is not determined. The colour should be apparent: Usually white or yellow.

Geräte: - Netz (bei den Pfosten auf 1,07 m Höhe befestigt, in der Mitte des Spielfeldes auf 0,914 mittels Netzhalter heruntergezogen).

- Zwei Pfosten (sie sind 0,914 m außerhalb der äußeren Seitenlinie fest verankert).

Equipment: - Net (the net is fixed on the post on 1,07 m height, in the middle of the field on 0,914 m).

- Two posts (they’re grounded 0,914 m outside of the external sideline).

Boden

Pavement

Tennis wird auf verschiedenen Belägen gespielt: Tennen- und Kunststoffrasen Sand Hartbeläge Rasen

Tennis is played on different types of surfaces.

Artificial lawn Sand Rubber surfaces Lawn

Bei der Wahl des Belages ist auf die geplante Nutzung und dessen Vor- und Nachteile bezüglich Sportfunktion, Schutzfunktion, Witterungsabhängigkeit, Belastbarkeit, Kosten (Anschaffung, Erneuerung) zu achten.

You have to keep attention which pavement you’ll use concerning the pros and cons of the material. (Athletic function, protective function, weather dependency, load capacity, expense (purchase, renovation).

Boden

Pavement Flächenelastischer Sportboden (mit elastischer Schicht): Ist ein nachgiebiger, biegesteifer Boden.

Vorteil: gute Lastverteilung

Surface elastic paving (with an elastic layer): It is a flexible and bend-proof floor.

Pros: good load distribution

Aufbau:

Structure: 1. Surface on top

2. Bend- proof distribution layer

3. Subfloor

4. elastic construction

5. Load bearing floor

1. Oberbelag 2. Biegesteife Lastenverteilungsschicht 3. Blindboden 4. Elastische Konstruktion 5. Tragfähiger Unterboden

Die Konstruktion des Unterbodens (Material, Dicke, Wärmedämmung und Feuchteschutz) richten sich nach der örtlichen Situation bzw. bauphysikalischen Erfordernissen.

Punktelastischer Sportboden: Ist ein nachgiebiger, biegesteifer Boden.

Vorteile: schnelle und auch bei kleinen Lasten ansprechende Nachgiebigkeit, was der Schutzfunktion besonders entgegenkommt.

Nachteile: Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Punktlasten und rollenden Lasten. Nicht geeignet für Rad- und Rollsport.

Aufbau:

1. Oberbelag 2. Biegesteife Lastenverteilungsschicht 3. Elastische Schicht(en) 4. Tragfähiger Unterboden

Die Konstruktion des Unterbodens (Material, Dicke, Wärmedämmung und Feuchteschutz) richten sich nach der örtlichen Situation bzw. bauphysikalischen Erfordernissen.

The construction of the subfloor is dependent on the local situation and the building- physical features.

Point- elastic paving: It is a flexible and bend- proof floor.

Pros: good flexibility Cons: sensibility towards high point loads and roll loads (bicycle) Structure: 1. Surface on top

2. Bend- proof distribution layer

3. Elastic layer

4. Load bearing floor

The construction of the subfloor is dependent on the local situation and the building- physical features

Umzäunung im Freien/ Halle (Abmessungen) Enclosure exterior / Hall (measurements)

Umzäunung im Freien:

Enclosure exterior:

Halle (Abmessungen):

Hall (measurements):

An den Platz- Stirnseiten: min. 3,0 m An den Längsseiten: je nach örtlichen Gegebenheiten Maschenweite: max. 40/40 mm

Hallenhöhe: gemessen am Netz: Boden bis Unterkante Dachkonstruktion min. 9,0m Für Schul- und Freizeitsport min.

7,0 m Für internationale Wettkämpfe min.

12,0 m gemessen 6,40 m hinter den Grundlinien min. 3,0 m

Width: min. 3,0 m Lengthwise: it depends on the local conditions Mash opening: max. 40/40 mm

Height of the hall: measured from Net: Pavement till lower edge of ceiling Recreational sport International competitions 6,40 m behind the baseline

min. 9,0 m min 7,0 m min. 12,0 m min. 3,0 m

Referenzbeispiel Wimbledon Arena (Center Court) Reference Project Wimbledon Arena (Center Court)

Oberfläche: Rasen

Surface: grass

Der Centre Court ist der Haupttennisplatz der Wimbledon Championships in London, England. Benutzt wird er ausschließlich während den zwei Wochen des Tennisturniers. Eigentümer ist der All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club.

Centre Court is the main court at the Wimbledon Championship, the third annual Grand Slam event of the tennis calendar. It is situated adjacent to Aorangi Terrace and is home to the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Its only regular use is for the two weeks a year that the Championships take place.

Referenzbeispiel Rod Laver Arena (Center Court) Melbourne

Reference Project Rod Laver Arena (Center Court) Melbourne

Oberfl채che: Hartbelag

Surface: Plexicushion (hard)

Die Rod Laver Arena ist eine Multifunktionshalle in Melbourne, Victoria, Australien und Austragungsort der Australien Open. Sie ist Teil der Sportanlagen im Melbourne Park.

Die Halle wurde 1988 als Teil des Nationalen Tennis Centers erbaut und umfasst insgesamt 14.820 Sitzpl채tze.

Rod Laver Arena is a stadium that is part of the National Tennis Centre at Melbourne Park located in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and has been the main venue for the Australian Open in tennis since 1988, replacing the ageing Kooyong Stadium. The arena was finished in 1988 with a seating capacity of 15,000.

Referenzbeispiel Stade Roland Garros, Paris Reference Project Stade Roland Garros, Paris

Oberfläche: Sand

Surface: Clay (sand)

Das Stade Roland Garros ist ein Tenniskomplex im 16. Arrondissement von Paris in Frankreich. Der Komplex ist im Besitz des französischen Tennisverbands Fédération Française de Tennis (FFT).

Hier findet jährlich zwischen Ende Mai und Anfang Juni das zweite Grand-SlamTennisturnier, die French Open, statt.

Le Stade Roland Garros („Roland Garros Stadium“) is a tennis venue complex located in Paris, France. It hosts the French Open, also known as Roland Garros, a Grand Slam championship tournament played annually around the end of May and the beginning of June. The facility was constructed in 1928 to host France‘s first defense of the Davis Cup.

Badminton

Lisa Jartschitsch & Thomas Gössler

Die Ballsportart Badminton ist ein Rückschlagspiel, das mit einem Federball und jeweils einem Badmintonschläger pro Person gespielt wird. Dabei versuchen die Spieler, den Ball so über ein Netz zu schlagen, dass die Gegenseite ihn nicht den Regeln entsprechend zurückschlagen kann. Es kann sowohl von zwei Spielern als Einzel, als auch von vier Spielern als Doppel oder Mixed gespielt werden und wird meist in der Halle ausgetragen.

Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court divided by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents‘ half of the court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net.

Summary

Spielfeld/-platz Court

Maße Measurements

Markierungen Field markings

Geräte Equipment

Sicherheitsabstände SAFETY DISTANCE

Halle Hall

Spielfeld / Maße

Court / Measurements

SPIELFELD:

COURT:

Das Standardfeld ist das Doppelfeld. Nur bei Platzmangel werden Einzelfelder angelegt.

The standard field is a double field. In case of lack of space you use a single fields.

MASSE (DOPPELSPIELFELD): Spielfeldlänge: Spielfeldbreite:

13,40 m 6,10 m

MEASUREMENTS (DOUBLE FIELD): Length of the court: Width of the court:

13,40 m 6,10 m

MASSE (EINZELSPIELFELD): Spielfeldlänge: Spielfeldbreite:

13,40 m 5,18 m

MEASUREMENTS (SINGLE FIELD): Length of the court: Width of the court:

13,40 m 5,18 m

Markierungen/ Geräte Field marking / Equipment

Linien: Breite: 4 cm Farbe: ist nicht festgelegt aber muss gut sichtbar/kontrastierend sein (meist weiß grün oder schwarz)

Lines: Width:

4 cm Colour: is not determined. The colour should be apparent (Usually white, green or black.)

Sicherheitsabstände (SiA):

Safety distance (SiA):

SiA des Spielfeldes zu Zuschauern, Wänden und Hindernissen: Für Schul- und Freizeitsport min. 0,5 m Für internationale Wettkämpfe min. 1,5 m

SiA of the field to the spectators, walls and other barriers: Recreational sport

min. 0,5 m International competitions min. 1,5 m

SiA der Spielfelder untereinander:

SiA in between the fields:

Gerät:

min: 0,5 m

Netz (bei den Pfosten auf 1,55 m Höhe befestigt, in der Mitte des Spielfeldes auf 1,52 m mittels Netzhalter heruntergezogen).

Zwei Pfosten (werden auf der seitlichen Begrenzungslinie aufgestellt).Höhe: 1,55 m

min: 0,5 m

Equipment:

Net (the net is fixed on the post on 1,55 m height, in the middle of the field on 1,52 m).

Two posts (they’re positioned on the external sideline).

Halle

Hall

Halle (Abmessungen): Hallenhöhe über der (hindernisfreie, lichte Höhe):

Hall (measurements): Spielfläche

Für Schul- und Freizeitsport min. 5,5 m Regionale & nationale Veranstaltungen min. 7,0 m Für internationale Wettkämpfe min. 9,0 m

Hight of the hall above the court (clear height): Recreational sport Regional and national events International competitions

min. 5,5 m min. 7,0 m min. 9,0 m

Referenz Beispiel Singapore Badminton Hall, Singapore Reference Project Singapore Badminton Hall, Singapore

Die Halle befindet sich auf der Guillemard Road im Ortsteil Geylang in Singapur.

Die Arena wurde im Mai 1952 eröffnet.

Die Baukosten beliefen sich auf 800.000 Singapur-Dollar. Hauptsächlicher Grund für die Errichtung der Halle war eine fehlende Arena für die Ausrichtung des Thomas-Cups 1952, der Weltmeisterschaft für Herrenmannschaften im Badminton, welchen Malaya als Titelverteidiger in seiner Heimat ausrichten durfte.

The Singapore Badminton Hall was built in 1952 for the Thomas Cup Tournament.

The first tournament was held in the United Kingdom in 1949, and the Malayan team won the championship. As a result, Malaya also won the right to host the next Thomas Cup, that was scheduled for 1952. As there was no suitable indoor sports hall in Malaya then, the Singapore Badminton Association (SBA) decided to build one in Singapore.

Quellen Sources

Sportst채ttenguide Neufert http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton 23.04.2015; 12:15 http://www.bostik.de/ausschreibung/sportboeden_bostik.html 23.04.2015; 12:19 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Laver_Arena 24.04.2015; 10:51 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_Court 24.04.2015; 09:37 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade_Roland_Garros 24.04.2015; 11:09 http://www.mapsofworld.com/sports/world-stadiums/badminton.html 24.04.2015; 11:18 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Badminton_Hall 24.04.2015; 11:24

Stand and terraces

Razan Smadi | Martina Majcen

A fundamental planning principle for all circulation systems is to provide easy orientation to visitors of the stadium. This should preferably be achieved through structural provisions, i. e. visibility of routing through decreasing hierarchy of space proportions, rather than through additional visual measures such as signage, etc. Entrances should ideally be visible from afar and directly from the general circulation routes around the stadium. Segregation of spectator streams is part of the safety concept of guiding different groups to their sectors along intersection-free routes: - Home fans / Visitors - Regular spectators / VIPs - Press / VIPs - Players / Service personnel.

Corresponding to the above mentioned sectors, external and internal circulation are distinguished. The following study focuses on all routes to seating/standing places on the stand (from access /vomitory) that belong to what we call the “the internal group�.

Summary

Sport(s) and/or task Stand and terraces

Indoor and/or outdoor Outdoor

Size of fields / indoor- outdoor +600 spectators

Infrastructure or equipment NA

Number of players per team NA

Orientation of playing field

Diagram 1a: Orientation of the playing field 3

Activity area Spectators’ viewing area 1

Spectators’ services area Parking area

2

Car parking Bus parking

1

4

Railway station Players and referees

Day break

Press stand Sunset

Great care must be taken regarding the angle of the playing field in relation to the sun and the prevailing weather conditions. (Diagram 1a) It is generally recommended that playing areas are orientated approximately in a north-south direction to minimize the effect of a setting sun on players. A more sophisticated analysis has led stadium designers to choose an angle equal to the average direction of the sun at half time in an afternoon game. The best common orientation is 15 degrees east of north. However, the effect of a stadium’s roof on the playing

VIP stand

field must also be considered. A football stadium should be covered to protect spectators from the rain and from the glare of strong sunlight. The roof should overlap the first row of spectators in a 15 ° angle to protect from oblique rain. When there is a natural grass pitch, it is also critical that there is enough light and air movement to sustain the healthy growth of grass. Opaque roofs are not acceptable as they cast shadows on the playing field. (Diagram 1b) Sources: FIFA, Neufert

Orientation of playing field

Diagram 1b: Solution for avoiding shadow on playing area during the match

Not acceptable situation for players, spectators and cameras

Opaque roof

Zone with sun

Zone with sh adow

Solution for avoiding shadow on playing area during the match

Transparent roof

Zone with sun

Seating/standing position

Diagram 2a: Distances of spectators from the field of play 190m

Maximal distance

90m

Optimal distance Spectators’ areas

1 2 3

4

Ideal

Public access and egress 1

Preliminary check

2

First ticket check, body search

3

Second check

4

Third check VIP stand Stands for spectators with disabilities Stands for 100,000 spectators Media stand Emergency exits for ambulances, fire engines and police vehicles

Depending on the concept and capacity, the stand structure is divided into tiers. The number of consecutive tiers depends on the required capacity designated to rooms beneath the terrace. To reach their seats, spectators follow two directions of movement: vertical and horizontal. A stadium with more than one tier should guide spectator streams vertically to the different lateral gangways.

Determination of necessary exit widths applies only to emergency evacuation. Regular routing may be complemented by additional routes. As games mostly take place in

the afternoon, the best places for spectators are on the west side of the pitch, where they have the sun to their back. Depending on the number of spectators, the stands are located either only at the long sides of the pitch or, from 10.000 seats upwards, circular around the playing field. Ideally, in the stadiums with circular seating, the VIP sector and the press stands are therefore located in the west. (Diagram 2a) The maximum distance between any spectator and the farthest part of the playing field 190m.

Sources: FIFA, Neufert, Ă–ISS

Internal circulation systems

3 nd

Diagram 3a: Principles of Circulation Tier sections (4 system drawings)

Earth embankment stadium

2 nd 2 nd

1 st 1 st

Built structure Built structure

2 nd 2 nd 1 st 1 st Two-tier stadium Two-tier stadium 3 rd 3 rd 2 nd 2 nd 1 st 1 st Three-tier stadium Three-tier stadium

Terrace access Two options of internal terrace access are common: a) from a vomitory (at the terrace), same-level or with short stairs, b) from the concourse (behind the tier). A concourse or tier access is the most efficient option, as the terrace is accessed directly from the rear without loss of seating caused by vomitories. This type of access is normally integrated into the gap between lower and upper tier. In some cases though, this joint is already taken up by high-quality hospitality suites, mostly with a large VIP area ad-

joining at the rear. Access to the upper tier accommodation is mostly via vomitories.

(Diagram 3a) Regular distance The intervals at which vomitories are installed vary significantly (from 13.5m to 37.0m) and are reliant on the structural and circulation grid. The number of vomitories is essentially based on the underlying circulation principle, i. e. the way spectators reach the gangway: a) vertical circulation (radial), b) horizontal circulation (lateral).

Internal circulation systems

Diagram 3b: Gangway landing with turnaround radius 1.20 cm

Lateral gangway, set-up

System drawing with change of direction horizontal on vertical

Gangway width limited by obligatory outlet, mounted structure moving further into field of vision.

Lateral gangway, built-in unit

Minimum gangway width 1.20 m Turn-around radius 1.20 m

Either the vertical circulation is directly adjoined to the terrace circulation a) or the spectators are distributed horizontally up to the respective gangway. Two different principles are distinguished: a) one vomitory, b) one gangway or one vomitory or c) two gangways. In the latter case, the gangways are located along the field axis, i. e. one vomitory for every other planning grid. In the case of horizontal distribution of spectators, the gangway width should be integrated into the terrace elevation to keep it from affecting the sightline profile of people sitting behind.

(Diagram 3b) Depending on the number of people it has to accommodate, a larger width requires a short-stair gangway leading the evacuation route from the vertical to the horizontal, without diminution. The stairway itself may cause viewing restrictions.

Radial gangway types There are three principal systems for a vomitory circulation: a) axial gangway, b) single-plan gangway, c) double-plan gangway.

The rampant gangway is an efficient type of circulation as it circumnavigates the problem

Internal circulation systems 113

Diagram 3c: Viewing obstructions Lateral gangway

226 Upper tier, Hamburg Vomitory = 3.0 m Gangway = 1.2 m Horizontal w = 2.0 m l = 2 x 7.5 m

227 Upper tier, Frankfurt Vomitory = 4.25 m Gangway = 1.2 m Horizontal w = 2.1/1.6 m l = 2 x 7.5 m

228 Lower tier, Cologne Vomitory = 5.4 m Gangway = 1.2 m Horizontal (3 accesses = 1 vomitory) w = 1.6 m l = 2 x 9.4 m

F O O T B A L L S TA D I U M S

Sources: StadiumATLAS, Ă–ISS

of joining the double-plan gangway to the right and the left of the vomitory into an axial gangway. The axial route to the vomitory re- quires a safety barrier (to prevent people from falling) of 1.10m at the turn-around platform of the vomitory lintel. This railing often results in viewing restrictions towards the corner flag. Depending on the visual angle zone, the number of affected spectators may be excessively high.

83 (Diagram 3c)Escape routes are not to be tapered along their course. Their exit width may be combined and added in the direction of flight, but

under no circumstances may the width be reduced. This precondition creates an additional problem for the stands: a seating row must be at least 40cm wide; but exit width is calculated only for the gangway. Minimum width is 1.20m, which is 30% wider than the recommended tread depth of 80cm. Therefore, more than one riser is needed for the horizontal distribution of spectators and the evacuation route (width) frequently leads directly around the vomitory and upward.

82

Playing area

F O O T B A L L S TA D I U M S

4k

4 .1

Recommended dimensions

4 . 2 Playing f ield quality

60 64

4 . 3 Natural grass playing f ields

65

4 . 4 A rtif icial turf playing f ields

69

Exclusion of spectators from playing area

4 . 5 Substitutes’ benches

79

4 . 6 A dvertising boards around playing area

79

4 . 7 A ccess to playing area

4.8 Exclusion of spectators from playing area

81

81

Diagram 4j:

10m optimum goal line

8.5m optimum touch line

Diagram 4a: of spectators Exclusion Exclusion of specatators from playing area from playing area

When moats are being co the future they might be co merit it.

Mobile bridges that can be evacuation must be availa the emergency evacuatio Raised seating Raised seating Compatible with sight-lines Compatible with sight-lines

Screens and fences Insurmountable transpare could be mounted perma whenever they are not ne

While the removal of all desirable, it is acknowledg the provision of such barr 7.5m min.

10m optimum goal line

6m min.

8.5m optimum touch line

Moat Moat Compatible with sight-lines Compatible with sight-lines

If fences or screens are used gates to enable spectato evacuation of the seating a be approved and certified

Spectator gates must ope unlocked at all times and e own dedicated steward d stadium.

Ideally, the playing area of a stadium should 7.5m min.

6m min. be free of any barriers between spectators 10m optimum 8.5m optimum goal line touch line and the playing field. FIFA has decreed that its final competitions will only be played in fence-free stadiums. However, it is essential that players are protected against intrusion by spectators. (Diagram 4a) This could be accomplished in a number of ways, including one or more of the following: Adapted seating A seating configuration could be employed that situated front-row spectators at a height

above the arena, rendering intrusion into the playing field improbable, if not impossible. There are the obvious dangers with this method as far as the possibilities of utilising Fences or screens evacuathe playing area as an emergency Compatible with sight-lines tion area.

Moats Moats of a sufficient width and depth could be used to protect the playing field. Moats have the advantage of protecting the playing area without creating the negative visual impact of fences, but there is a danger that

It must be repeated that F rejects their deployment a their use must be quite responsibility of ensuring t to those using the stadium

Whatever form of protect competent local authoritie of panic or an emergency

M e t Raised seating Compatible with sight-lines

Exclusion of spectators from playing area 7.5m min.

10m optimum goal line

W d t

6m min.

8.5m optimum touch line

Moat Compatible Diagram 4b: with sight-lines Exclusion of specatators from playing area

7.5m min.

10m optimum goal line

Fences or screens Fences or screens Compatible with sight-lines

Compatible with sight-lines

Sources: StadiumATLAS, FIFA

I g e b

S u o s

I r t r t

6m min.

8.5m optimum touch line

people may fall into them. To protect against this, it is essential to install barriers of a sufficient height on both the spectators’ side and the pitch side. As these barriers could present a danger moats are only worth considering in large, spacious arenas. In a typical football stadium with a relatively tight playing area configuration, they do not represent a realistic proposition as they increase the distance between the playing field and the spectators. Mobile bridges that can be put across the moat instantly in the event of an emergency evacuation must be available

S I c w

in those stadiums where the playing area forms part of the emergency evacuation process.

Screens and fences Transparent screens or insurmountable fences could be used which could be mounted permanently or affixed in such a way that they may be removed whenever they are not necessary for a particular match. (Diagram 4b)

W c o

Sight-lines and seating dimensions

Diagram 5a: Line of Visibility

Line of Visibility

Spectators

Playing area

x 0.8m

x = distance visitor – pitch margin

a

x= 0.3m min

c

ab - 12

0.9m

b 0.8m

2m min.

4m

Advertising board

F O O T B A L L S TA D I U M S

Sight-lines Modern football stadiums should be designed so that all spectators are safe and comfortable, have a perfect view of the pitch and have easy access to toilets and refreshment facilities. There should be a clear view of the playing field from all seats. In smaller viewing areas up to ten rows of seats, a linear incline of 2:1 is sufficient. In all higher stands the linear incline has to be substituted by a parabolic one, constructed via sightlines. The superelevation of the sightline 83 to the other should be 15cm from one row

in seating and 12cm in standing rows. While calculating the sightlines it is advised that the advertising boards that are between 90 100cm in height be installed around the field at a distance of 4m to 5m from the touch lines and 5m behind the centre of the goal lines. Near the corner flags they are to be reducing at an angle of 3m. Simply put, each spectator in the stadium should be able to see over the head of a spectator seated two rows in front in a direct line. (Diagram 5a)

Sight-lines and seating dimensions

0.3m

0.45m

Diagram 5b: Seating dimensions

F O O T B A L L S TA D I U M S

83

0.4m

0.4m

Seating dimensions All spectators should be seated. Seats must be individual, affixed to the structure and comfortably shaped, with backrests of a minimum height of 30cm to provide support.

There should be sufficient leg-room between the rows of seats to ensure that spectators’ knees do not touch the seat or spectator in the row in front and to make it relatively easy for spectators to move in and out of the rows even when they are full. To achieve reasonable leg-room, a minimum distance of 85cm from backrest to backrest is recommended.

0.4m

0.8m min.

The width of the seat is critical for spectator comfort. It may be financially beneficial to maximise the number of spectators in a seating area but this may compromise safety and is grossly irresponsible. It may also reduce long-term attendance. An absolute minimum width should be 45cm while a recommended minimum is 47cm. (Diagram 5b) Block definition Behind and between the blocks gangways of at least 1.20m length have to be arranged,

Sight-lines and seating dimensions

Diagram 5c: Block definition Minimum 1.20 m

30 rows

40 rows

F O O T B A L L S TA D I U M S

leading at the shortest distance to the next exit. 1 Block equals a maximum of 30 x 30 seats. For every visitor the distance to the next exit (distance with in the row + side corridor length)83 should not exceed 45m.

Calculation of number of visitors in seating areas: 2 visitors/ m². (Diagram 5c) Stand dimensions Standing terraces have to be arranged on horizontal planes with a maximum inclination of 7° (for drainage). The maximum height of steps cannot exceed 20cm with a depth be-

tween 35 and 38cm. If more than 5 standing rows are implemented, a fixed barrier with a height of 110cm has to be inserted in front of the lowest row. The barriers should measure 5 to 5.5m in width and the horizontal distance between the “wavebreakers” must not exceed 5m. The gaps must be closed after maximum 5 rows by wavebrakers which overlap the gaps with a minimum of 25cm on each side. A 1,2m emergency exit must made for every 600 seating.

Sources: FIFA, ÖISS

Spectators with disabilities

Diagram 6a: Dimensions of viewing area for wheelchair users a = 0.90m min. b = 1.40m min. c = 0.90m min.

0.9m min. d

b a

d = 0.60m min.

c

Dimensions of viewing area for wheelchair users a = 0.90m min. a

b = 1.40m min. c

c = 0.90m min.

b b

Sources: StadiumATLAS, FIFA

Proper provision should be made at all stadiums to accommodate spectators with disabilities. This should include unobstructed viewing facilities and ramps for wheelchairs, toilet facilities and support services.

Disabled spectators should have their own dedicated entrance gate from which they may have direct wheelchair access to their viewing area. The viewing platform for spectators who use wheelchairs should not be in a position where the view of the playing field could be obstructed by other spectators or by flags or banners hanging in front

c

of them. Similarly, the position of disabled spectators should not hinder the view of spectators seated behind them. On these platforms there should be a seat at the side of each wheelchair position for a helper and electrical power available for assistance equipment. One place is necessary per 200 spectators and a minimum of 2 places per facility member. Toilets for disabled people should be close by and easily accessible, as should refreshment facilities. (Diagram 6a)

Press box and commentary positions

T

T

T

Diagram 7a: VIP and press stands Comfort for spectators VIP and press stands T

Telephones Playing field Playing field Toilet Press

Press

Point for food VIP

VIP First aid room Spectators Spectators’ area Fence for preliminary check Spectators

For other pre-construction decisions, see Chapter 1.

Fence for preliminary check

Playing field

Public refreshment facilities Selling points for food and beverages should be clean, attractive and easily accessible.

They must be evenly spread around the stadium so that provision is made for all sectors, bearing in mind that spectator movement from one sector to another may be difficult or impossible.

A minimum of five permanent points of sale should be provided per 1,000 spectators, with approximately 1m-1.5m of counter space for the sale. Temporary points of sale should also be anticipated to deal with additional demand. Menus need to be visible begetting easy access to and from The press box must be a central position fromin a distance so the customer can makeThere his or her should decision before to the counter.

Ideally, the menuplayers’ boards should be light boxes.

Credit cards should be accepted other media areas such as the media centre, in the main grandstand where the at the stands either via permanent or wireless systems.

dressing rooms and the media facilities are the mixed zone and the press conference important to design the work/staging in a wayAthat allows many should employees have at least five room. stadium situated. It should beIt iscentrally located on area to work there at once, so that products can be displayed in a tasteful way and to allow the halfway line, in a for position that provides television commentary positions and five rasufficient storage (especially cold storage) at the stand. An ideal ratio of beverage to stadium capacity 150 per cent.

An ideal storage ratio is 50positions. per cent of dio commentary Commentary poan unobstructed viewproduct of the field of isplay, the stand and 50 per cent on site or in cool houses close by. sitions should be separated from spectators without the possibilitystorage of at interference from for the purpose of acoustic separation. Each spectators. (Diagram 7a) Ideally, the press box should not extend beyond the 16m line position will be occupied by a minimum of towards the goals. All working places in the three people. The media working room and press box should be covered. Media reprepress conference room should be within easy access. sentatives should be allocated places with an excellent view of the entire playing area.

Sources: FIFA

T

T

T

F O O T B A L L S TA D I U M S

Sanitary and public refreshment facilities

Diagram 8a: Comfort for spectators T

T

T

T

Telephones Toilet Diagram 6c: Comfort for spectators Point for food First aid room

Telephones TSpectators’ area

For other pre-construction decisions, see Chapter 1.

Toilet Point for food First aid room Playing field

Spectators’ area

Playing field

Public refreshment facilities Selling points for food and beverages should be clean, attractive and easily accessible.

They must be evenly spread around the stadium so that provision is made for all sectors, bearing in mind that spectator movement from one sector to another may be difficult or impossible.

A minimum of five permanent points of sale should be provided per 1,000 spectators, with approximately 1m-1.5m of counter space for the sale. Temporary points of sale should also be anticipated to deal with additional demand. Menus need to be visible entering and leaving toilets Sanitary facilities from a distance so the customer can makespectators his or her decision before getting to the counter. the menu boards should be light boxes. Credit should be accepted should be cards a one-way access system, Sufficient toilet facilities forIdeally, both sexes and at the stands either via permanent or wireless systems.

Public refreshment facilities

Sources: StadiumATLAS, FIFA

there or at for disabled people must be provided inside least doors which are sufficiently wide to Sellingperimeter points forItfood and and many easilyemployees isof important to design theshould work/staging area inattractive a waythe that division allows permit ofaccessible. the passageway into in the security thebeverages stadium.

Thebe clean, to workspread there at once, so that products can beso displayed in a tasteful way and to for allowall They must be evenly around the stadium that provision is made recommended minimum number of WCs and out channels.

Private toilet facilities conat theone stand.

An ideal of beverage formind sufficient storage (especially cold storage) sectors, bearing in that spectator movement from sector to ratio another may be product to stadium capacity is 150 per cent.

An ideal storage ratio is 50 perWC cent ofand sink should be sisting of a single and sinks is 20 and seven respectively for difficult or impossible. at the stand and 50 per cent on site or in cool houses close by. considered throughout the facility in a ratio every 1,000 women storage and 15 WCs and/or per 5,000 spectators, urinals (approximately one-third should be A minimum of five permanent points of sale shouldof be1provided per 1,000 spectators, for use by those WCs andwith two-thirds urinals) and five sinks greaterpoints assistance, approximately 1m-1.5m of counter space forrequiring the sale. Temporary of sale including disabe anticipated deal withbe additional demand.

Menusand needyoung to be visible for everyshould 1,000also men.

The ratiotoshould inbled people children. Keeping in a distance the customer make her decision before getting the the bathrooms creased from in the VIP andsoVVIP areas. can Local au-his or mind, by indoor sporttohalls counter. Ideally, the menu boards shouldmore be light boxes. cards should be accepted andCredit changing rooms should act as a divithority regulations apply if they require the stands either via permanent or wireless systems. fixtures. atTo avoid overcrowding between sion between the street shoes hallway and It is important to design the work/staging area in a way that allows many employees

Sanitary and public refreshment facilities

the clean trainershoe- hallway. (Diagram 8a) Public refreshment facilities The stadium should be divided into at least four separate sectors, each with its own access points, refreshment and toilet facilities and other essential services, such as first aid areas, security stations and areas for stewards and marshals. Each of these sectors may, in turn, be divided into smaller areas.

It should be possible to prevent spectators from moving from one sector, or sub-sector, to another, unless it is required for the stadi-

um’s evacuation process. The nature of the barriers which may be used to sub-divide sectors is for each stadium management to determine. Barriers should be easily dismountable by security personnel and have a collapsing load which is in accordance with local authority regulations. It must be possible to see through the barriers. A minimum of five permanent points of sale should be provided per 1,000 spectators, with approximately 1m - 1.5m of counter space for the sale.

Sources: Ă–ISS, FIFA

Basketball

David Colle | Johanna Schmeizl

Basektball is a game which is played by two teams. The aim is to score in the opponents‘ basket and to prevent the other team from scoring.

One team consists of five players who are on the playing court and up to five ( at international competitions seven) substitutes players.

The game is controlled by the officials, table officials and a commissioner.

The team that has scored the greater number of point at the end of playing time ( 4 periods of 10 minutes each) is the winner. During the game, the ball is played with the hand only and may be passed, thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled in any direction Basketball can be played indoor and outdoor.

Summary

Sport(s) Basketball

Indoor and/or outdoor both

Size of fields / indoor- outdoor 15 x 28 m

Infrastructure or equipment Backstop units ( backboards, baskets comprising rings and nets, backboard support structures) , basketball, game clock, scoreboard, shot clock, stop watch

Number of players per team 12 ( 5 field players , 7 substitutes )

Basketball

SiA

SiA

SiA

28

Endline

Restricted area

line

3-point

circle

SiA

Sideline

Centre line

Centre

No-charge semi-circle

15

Endline

Sideline

The playing court shall have a flat, hard surface free from obstructions with dimensions of 28 m in length by 15 m in width. It consists of the endlines and the sidelines. These lines are not part of the playing court. Any obstruction including seated team bench personnel has to be at least 2 m (SIA) from the playing court.(At school or regional competitions 0.45 -0.8 m are possible.) All lines are drawn in white colour, 5 cm in width and clearly visible. The centre line is marked parallel to the endlines from the mid-point of the sidelines. It extends

0.15 m beyond each sideline. The centre circle is placed at the centre of the playing court and has a radius of 1.80m measured to the outer edge of the circumference. If the inside of the centre circle is painted, it has to be the same colour as the restricted areas. The free-throw semi-circles shall be marked on the playing court with a radius of 1.80 m measured to the outer edge of the circumference and with their centres at the mid-point of the free-throw lines The free-throw line is drawn parallel to each endline. It shall have its furthest edge 5.80m

Basketball

105

180

120

from the inner edge of the endline and is 3.60m long. The restricted areas are the rectangular areas marked on the playing court limited by the endlines, the extended free-throw lines and the lines which originate at the endlines, their outer edges being 2.45 m from the mid-point of the endlines and terminating at the outer edge of the extended free-throw lines. These lines, excluding the endlines, are part of the restricted area. The inside of the restricted areas must be painted in one colour.

The backboard is a raised vertical board

305

5

290

SiA

with a basket attached. It is made of a flat, rigid piece of material, often plexiglas and usually rectangular (1.8 x1.05 m ). A basketball hoop is mounted to a basketball backboard The shock of a basket or a dunk is absorbed by the connecting part, so that the rim goes back to a horizontal position once again.

The top of the hoop is 3.05 m (10 ft) above the ground. The inner rectangle on the backboard is 0.59 m wide by 0.45 m tall.

Quellen Sources

Bestimmungen des Internationalen Baskettballverbandes ( FIBA) , München ÖISS Richtline „ Anforderungen an Sporthallenböden“ ÖISS Richtline „ Anforderungen an Sporthallenböden“ ÖNORM B 2608, B 2606, B 5230 EN 12193 DIN 7890/ Teil 1 http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/ruleRegu/p/openNodeIDs/897/selNodeID/897/baskOffiRule.html; 24.04.2015. ÖISS Sportstättenguide, Stand 2011; p. 13-14.

Handball

David Colle, Johanna Schmeizl

Handball is a team sport played by two teams consisting of seven players (6 fielders and 1 goalkeeper) each. The players are allowed to handle and throw the ball using their hands, but they must not touch the ball with their feet. The aim of the game is to score and avoid getting goals. A standard match consists of two periods of 30 minutes (with an interval of 10-15 minutes). The team that scores more goals wins. The game was codified at the end of the 19th century in northern Europe. The modern set of rules was published in 1917 in Germany, and had several revisions since. The first international games were played under these rules for men in 1925 ( 1930 for women). The International Handball Federation (IHF) was formed in 1946.

There are other variations as Minihandball, Beach Handball or Streethandball.

Summary

Sport(s) and/or task Handball

Indoor and/or outdoor both, usually inside

Size of fields / indoor- outdoor 40 x 20m indoor / 55-65 x 90-110 m outdoor

Infrastructure or equipment handball, goal

Number of players per team 7 field players ( + 7 substitute players)

SiA

Handball

SiA

SiA

40

Goal line Outer goal line

Goal-area line

Goalkeeper's restraining line

7m line

Free-throw line

20

Center line

Side line

SiA

Side line

The arena must have a rectangular free floor space measuring 50 m in length by 28 m in width. An area of 40 m in length by 20 m in width is required for the playing court. Any obstruction including seated team bench personnel has to be at least 2 m at the outer goal line(SIA) and 1m at the side line (SIA) from the playing court. The remaining space is needed for structures around the playing court (advertising, studios, cameras, space for photographers, substitution area, etc.).

The goal is placed in the centre of each end and is surrounded by a near-semicircular

area, called the zone or the crease, defined by a line 6 meters from the goal. Only the goal keeper is allowed to be inside. A line 9 metres from the goal marks the free-throw line. Each line on the court is part of the area it encompasses. This implies that the middle line belongs to both halves at the same time.

The goals are positioned at the centre of the outer goal line. Each goal has a circle clearance area of three meters in width two meters in height and 1.40 m in depth. It must be securely bolted either to the floor or the wall behind. The goalposts and the crossbar are

Handball

8

200

300

made of the same material (e.g aluminium or wood), each being 8 cm high and 8 cm wide, with flattened edges. The three sides of the beams visible from the playing field must be painted in two contrasting colours.

They also have to contrast against the background. The colours on both goals must be the same. When flexible floor systems are used, they are attached, as part of the floor, by means of metal plates sized 125 cm x 80 cm. In addition, at least one spare goal must be available in every playing hall which can be quickly set up if needed.

Irrespective of the hall utilisation plan the floor has to be level. The floor system used (permanent hall floors or mobile sport floors) shall be adapted to the substructure in terms of its protective, sporting and technical properties(EN and/or DIN/Ă–NORM) standards.

Quellen Sources

Rules of the International Handball Federation ( IHF) ÖISS-Richtlinie „Anforderungen an Sporthallenböden“ ÖNORM B 2608, Sporthallen ÖNORM EN 12193, Sportstättenbeleuchtung ÖNORM EN 749, Handballtore- Funktionelle und sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen ÖISS Sportstättenguide, Stand 2011, p.56-58

Judo

Hren Mia-Martina_Imamovic Ajla_Sirotnjak Mauro

Judo is a martial art originating from Japan in the second half of 19.th century. Developed from the Jujutsu, following some of it‘s principles it was conceived as a route to self-improvement and the betterment of society in general. The main feature of contemporary judo is the principle of flexibility in the application of technique. This is the flexible or efficient use of balance, leverage, and movement in the performance of Judo throws and other skills. Competition is vitally important aspect of judo.

Held in a hall with minimum height of 4 m, on competition area with minimum allowed size of 14 x 14 meters, placed on a resilient floor or platform, candidates show skill, technique and timing, rather than the use of brute strength, striving for continuous perfection. An adhesive blue tape and a white tape, approximately 10 cm wide and 50 cm longshall is fixed on the centre of the contest area at a distance of 4 m apart, to indicate the positions at which the contestants must start and end the contest.

The competition area is covered by tatamis, in a recommended colour which has been approved by the IJF

Summary

Sport(s) and/or task Judo

Indoor and/or outdoor Indoor_min. hall height 4m

Size of fields / indoor- outdoor min. 14m x 14 m max. 16m x 16 m

Infrastructure or equipment Tatami mattes covering competition area

Number of players per team 1

Indoor Hall Characteristics

max. 16x16m 14x14m

max.10x10m 8x8m

3 meters safety area

8m x 8m_min. contest area 10m x 10m _max. contest area

The competition area has minimum allowed size of 14 x 14 meters and it must be placed on a resilient floor or platform. It is usually padded with tatami (see tatami), although some other similar materials might be used for this purpose too. It is divided into two zones, contest area where the match takes place with the size of 8 x 8 meters to 10 x 10 meters and the 3 meters surrounding space that acts as a safety area. Where two or more adjoining competition areas are used, a common safety area of 4 meters is required.

Die Wettkampffläche soll mindestens eine Abmessung von 14 m x 14 m haben und auf einem elastischen Boden oder auf einer Plattform aufgelegt sein. Sie bestehen aus Tatami oder einem ähnlich akzeptablen Material. Die Wettkampffläche wird in zwei Zonen unterteilt: Der innere Bereich wird Kampffläche genannt und soll immer eine Abmessung von minimal 8 m x 8 m und maximal 10 m x 10 m haben. Der Bereich außerhalb der Kampffläche wird Sicherheitsfläche genannt und soll mindestens 3 m breit sein.

Dimensions of competition area and safety area

Indoor Hall Characteristics

max.10x10m

max.10x10m

8x8m

3m

8x8m

4m

3m

max. 1m

Dimensions of contest area and safety area, when two or more competition areas are combined

A free zone, a minimum of 50cm must be maintained around the entire competition area. The competition area must have a different colour than the safe area surrounding it, with sufficient contrast in order to avoid misleading edge situations. The recommended colours must be approved by the IJF (International Judo Federation).

The Contest Sheet Writers, Scoreboard Keepers and Timekeepers must be facing the central Referee. There are two scoreboards for each competition that indicate the scores horizontally, placed outside the

Wo zwei oder mehrere nebeneinander liegende Wettkampfflächen verwendet werden, ist eine gemeinsame Sicherheitsfläche von 4 Metern erforderlich. Um die Wettkampffläche muss eine Freizone von 50 cm eingehalten werden. Die Kampffläche muss eine andere Farbe als die Sicherheitsfläche haben, mit einem ausreichenden Kontrast, um irreführende Randsituationen zu vermeiden. Die empfohlenen Farben müssen von der IJF zugelassen sein. Die Wettkampfblattschreiber, Punktezähler und Zeitnehmer müssen dem Hauptschiedsrichter im

Indoor Hall Characteristics

7

8

9

7

8

6

9

6

2

2

1_ Main Referee 3

4

3

4

2_ Referee 2 3_ Contestant 1

1

4_ Contestant 2

1

5_ Coach 6_ Scoreboard 2

2

7_ Table Referees 8_ Timers 9_ Scores

6

5

6

5

competition area where they can be easily seen by the Referees, Commission members, officials and spectators. Opposite to Commission members is where the Coach seats are. At Olympic Games, World Championships and Masters, the competition area must be 10 x 10 meters with at least 4 meters wide declared safe area. This is also recommended for Continental Championships.

The platform is optional and must be solidly made of wood, while still having a

5

5

Angesicht stehen. Es gibt zwei Anzeigetafeln für jeden Wettbewerb: Diese zeigen die Noten horizontal außerhalb der Wettkampffläche an, wo sie leicht durch die Schiedsrichter, Kommissionsmitglieder, Funktionäre und Zuschauer zu sehen sind. Die Trainerstühle sind gegenüber der Komissionsmitglieder.

Bei Olympischen Spielen, Weltmeisterschaften und Masters muss die Kampffläche 10 m x 10 m und die Sicherheitsfläche mindestens 4 m breit sein. Dies wird auch für Kontinentalmeisterschaften empfohlen.

Position of Referees and competitiors for competition areas

Indoor Hall Characteristics

1x1 meter

certain resilience and measuring approximately 18m x 18m and no more than 1m in height (generally 50cm or less). (When using a platform, it is recommended that the safety area should be a minimum of 4m wide all around the competition area).

Dimensions of Tatami mattes for Judo and their position on competition area

Tatamis are made of pressed foam with dimensions of 1 x 2 meters or 1 x 1 meter.

They must be firm under foot, have the property of absorbing shock during Ukemi, and not be slippery or too rough. The elements making up the surface for the competition

1x2 meter

Die Plattform ist optional und muss solide aus Holz gefertigt sein, trotzdem aber noch eine gewisse Elastizität und eine Abmessungen von etwa 18 m x 18 m und eine Höhe von nicht mehr als 1 m (in der Regel 50 cm oder weniger) aufweisen. (Bei Verwendung einer Plattform wird empfohlen, dass die Sicherheitsfläche rund um die Wettkampffläche 4 m breit ist.)

Tatamis sollen eine Abmessung von 1 m x 2 m oder 1 m x 1 m haben und aus gepressten Schaumstoff bestehen. Sie müssen unter den Füßen fest, nicht rutschig und rau

Indoor Hall Characteristics

must be aligned without space in between and fixed in such a way that they cannot be displaced. The technical specifications must be according to IJF (International Judo Federation).

sein und die Eigenschaft haben, den Aufprall beim Ukemi zu absorbieren. Die Elemente der Oberfläche, welche die Wettkampffläche bilden, müssen eben sein, dürfen keine Zwischenräume aufweisen und müssen so fixiert sein, dass sie sich nicht verschieben können. Die technischen Spezifikationen, welche an die Tatamis gestellt werden sind bei der IJF festgelegt.

Sources Books Neufert, BAUENTWURFSLEHRE,2002 Peter Gattermann; Friedrich Stehlik;Landessportorganisation Steiermark, SPORTSTĂ„TTENGUIDE,2005 Internet Unknown, REFEREEING RULES 2014-16 http://www.intjudo.eu/upload/2014_06/03/140180706544806028/ijf_ref_rules_2014_16_eng_final_version_1.05.pdf 2014 (accessed in April 2015) Unknown http://judoinfo.com/ 1995 (accessed in April 2015) Unknown http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatami 2015 (accessed in April 2015) Images https://www.flickr.com/photos/49436508@N08/8569335800/in/explore-2013-03-18 http://i02.i.aliimg.com/img/pb/775/351/260/1280638084611_hz-myalibaba-web12_7997.jpg Other used images are hand-drawn

Karate

Hren Mia-Martina_Imamovic Ajla_Sirotnjak Mauro

Karate is a martial art of Japanese origin that deals with attacks through evasive body movements and/or blocking, and counter attacks using kicks, punches and strikes. People variously practice it as a form of self defence, a way of keeping healthy and a sport. The practice of karate is divided into three elements: kihon (basics), kata (forms) and kumite (sparring). However these three elements should not be considered separate, as they constantly overlap and rely on each other. Therefore the competition areas are the same for all three elements, beside the fact that the position of Referee on the field differs. These competition areas are made up of a series of rings which are boundaries marked out in a square, within which the events can take place. No person other than tournament officials and competitors is permitted to enter the competition area at any time. Each ring will consist of one square boundary, with a table and two chairs for the use of the timekeeper and scorekeeper. A further three chairs will be placed at each ring for the use of the three Judges and/or Referees.

Summary

Sport(s) and/or task Karate

Indoor and/or outdoor Indoor_min. hall height 4m

Size of fields / indoor- outdoor 12m x 12m

Infrastructure or equipment Tatami mattes covering competition area

Number of players per team 1

Indoor Hall Characteristics

12x12m

8x8m 6x6m

3m

1m

1m 2m

0,5m

2 meters safety area

1 meter margine 6m x 6m contest area

The competition area has to be flat and devoid of hazard with the size of 12 x 12 meters. It is divided into two zones, contest area where the match takes place with the size of 8 x 8 meters and the 2 meters surrounding space that acts as a safety area.

Where two or more adjoining competition areas are used, there is no common safety area like in Judo, as each competition area has fixed number of tatami puzzles which form a square of already mentioned size, 12 x 12 meters (see tatami). This is an indoor sport and the minimum height of the hall

Die Wettkampffläche muss eben und frei von Gefahrenquellen sein und eine Abmessung von 12 m x 12 m haben Die Wettkampffläche wird in zwei Zonen unterteilt, Kampffläche mit einer Abmessung von 8 m x 8 m und Sicherheitszone mit zwei Metern zusätzlich auf jeder Seite. Wenn zwei oder mehrere Wettkampfflächen nebeneinander verwendet werden, gibt es keinen gemeinsamen Sicherheitsbereich wie im Judo, da jede Kampffläche eine bestimmte Anzahl der Tatami-Puzzle hat, die ein Quadrat von 12 m x 12 m bilden.

Dimensions of Contest Area and Safety Area

Indoor Hall Characteristics

5

4

7

1

1_ Main Referee 6

2_ Referee 2 3_ Referee 3 4_ Referee 4 5_ Referee 5

2

3

6_ Contestant 1 7_ Contestant 2

Kumite_Position of Referees and Competitiors

with the competition areas is 4 meters. A line half a metre long is drawn 2m from the centre of the competition area for positioning the Referee. Two parallel lines 1m long and at right angles to the referee’s line is drawn at a distance 1.5m from the centre of the competition area for positioning the competitors. The judges are seated in the safety area, one directly facing the referee and one behind each of the fighters, 1m towards the referee. Each has a red and a blue flag.

The arbitrator is seated at a small table just outside the safety area, behind and to the

Dies ist ein Hallensport und die Mindesthöhe der Halle mit den Kampfflächen ist 4 Meter. Zwei Meter vom Mittelpunkt der Kampffläche entfernt, markiert eine 50 cm lange Linie die Position des Hauptkampfrichters (HKR). Eineinhalb Meter vom Mittelpunkt der Kampffläche entfernt, markieren im rechten Winkel zur Linie des Hauptkampfrichters zwei zueinander parallele Linien von je einem Meter Länge die Positionen der Wettkämpfer. Die Seitenkampfrichter (SKR) sitzen im Sicherheitsbereich, einer direkt gegenüber dem Schiedsrichter und einer

Indoor Hall Characteristics

6

7

5

4

1_ Main Referee 2_ Referee 2 3_ Referee 3 4_ Referee 4 5_ Referee 5 6_ Contestant 1

2

7_ Contestant 2

left of the referee, equipped with a red flag or sign and a buzzer. The score-supervisor is seated at the official score table between the scorekeeper and the timekeeper. The 1m border is a different colour from the rest of the matted area.

Tatami for karate differs from the one in Judo, mainly in its dimensions. The WKF (World Karate Federation) approved tatami is a „puzzle“ type, formed by two glued pieces of 1 x 1 meter, each 1cm thick, which always different in colour and texture. Therefore, combined together, with thickness of 2cm,

3 1

hinter jedem der Kämpfer, 1m gegenüber dem Schiedsrichter. Jeder hat eine rote und eine blaue Flagge. Der Hauptkampfrichter kann sich auf der gesamten Tatami bewegen, die Sicherheitszone, in der die Seitenkampfrichter sitzen, eingeschlossen. Die 1 m Grenze ist in einer andere Farbe als der Rest der mattierten Fläche.

Tatami für Karate unterscheidet sich von dem in Judo, hauptsächlich in ihrer Abmessungen. Die WKF (World Karate Federation) zugelassene Tatami ist ein „Puzzle“ Typ, mit zwei Stücken von 1m x 1m, jedes 1 cm dick,

Kate_Position of Referees and Competitiors

Indoor Hall Characteristics

Tatami-Puzzles 1 x 1 meter, 2 cm thick, always in two different colors and textures

one side would be coloured in blue and the other in red, where the side in contact with the floor must be non slippery and the upper side must have enough friction rate in order not to provoke friction that may cause injuries and, at the same time, to avoid the contestants from sliding. Individual tatamis are joined together with a system that stops them from separating while the tatami is being used during training or competition.

die immer in Farbe und Textur unterscheiden. Zusammen haben sie die Dicke von 2 cm, eine Seite ist blau und die anderen in rot eingefärbt. Die benutzten Matten sollten auf der Unterseite rutschfest sein, die Oberseite sollte einen geringen Reibungsgrad haben. Einzelne Elemente dürfen sich nicht während des Wettkampfes herauslösen, da Lücken ein Verletzungsrisiko darstellen.

Individuelle Tatamis werden mit einem System verbunden, dass diese während des Trainings oder Wettkampfs nicht getrennt werden können.

Sources Books Neufert, BAUENTWURFSLEHRE,2002 Peter Gattermann; Friedrich Stehlik;Landessportorganisation Steiermark, SPORTSTÄTTENGUIDE,2005 Internet Unknown, WORLD KARATE FEDERATION http://www.unh.edu/shotokan/documents/WKF_competition_rules_Version_5.5_june_2005.pdf 2005 (accessed in April 2015) Unknown http://www.ilovegkr.com/pages/tourninf/refereeing/ref_manual/comparea.html 2000 (accessed in April 2015) Unknown http://www.gkrkarate.com/index26.php?x=ABOUT-GKR~ABOUT-GKR%7CGKR-Karate-Club-Info%5EWhat-isKarate%60A 2010 (accessed in April 2015) Alois Wiesböck, ÖSTERREICHISCHER KARATEBUND – WETTKAMPFREGELN KUMITE & KATA VERSION http://www.seibukan.at/downloads/verein-2014/OEKB-WettkampfregelnV712012.pdf 2012 (accessed in April 2015) Images http://www.justaplatform.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/6099430458_9e11f43cff_o-1024x682.jpg http://www.sportcom-equipment.de/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/p_070207_04032.jpg Other used images are hand-drawn

Football

Donika Luzhnica | Konstantin Knauder

Football is a game where two teams try to bring a ball into the goal of the opposing team. Each team consists of one goal keeper, ten players on the field and a appointed number of substitutes. Football is preferably played on natural grass.

FuĂ&#x;ball ist ein Kampfspiel zweier Mannschaften, die versuchen, einen Ball regelkonform in das gegnerische Tor zu bringen. Jede Mannschaft besteht aus einem Tormann und zehn Feldspielern, sowie einer vereinbarten Zahl von Austauschspielern. FuĂ&#x;ball wird vorzugsweise auf Naturrasen gespielt.

Summary

Sport(s) and/or task football

Indoor and/or outdoor outdoor

Size of fields / indoor- outdoor 90 x 45 m - 120 x 90 m

Infrastructure or equipment ball, goals

Number of players per team 10 + 1

Field |Spielfeld

5,50 m 11 m 1m

11 m 5,50 m

45 - 90 m

7,32 m

international: 64 - 75 m

11 m 9,15 m 90 - 120 m

9,15 m international: 100 - 110 m

FieLD dimensions:

SpielfeldgrรถSSen:

min. 90 x 45 m max. 120 x 90 m

mind. 90 x 45 m max. 120 x 90 m

international games: min. 100 x 65 m max. 110 x 75 m

Internationale Spiele: mind. 100 x 65 m max. 110 x 75 m

GSEducationalVersion GSPublisherEngine 310.57.98.29

Field | Spielfeld

max.

68 m

max. 105 m

If located inside a 400-meter-running-track the football field can reach a maximum size of 105 x 68 m.

GSEducationalVersion GSPublisherEngine 310.57.98.29

Innerhalb einer 400-Meter-Rundlaufbahn kann ein Spielfeld mit den maximalen Dimensionen von 105 x 68 m untergebracht werden.

Markings & Distances | Markierungen & Abstände

markings

Markierungen

The lines have a width of 12 cm. The colour is not defined uniformly but mainly the markings are white. The field‘s borderlines belong to the field itself.

Die Linien haben eine Breite von 12 cm. Deren Farbe ist nicht einheitlich festgelegt (vorwiegend weiß). Die Spielfeldbegrenzungslinien gehören zum Spielfeld.

security distances

Sicherheitsabstände

Sidelines: min. 1 m, min. 2 m recommended (Bundesliga: min. 3 m)

Seitenlinien: mind. 1 m, empfohlen mind. 2 m (Bundesliga: mind. 3 m)

Goal lines: min. 2 m, min. 3 m recommended (Bundesliga: min. 4 m)

Torlinien: mind. 2 m, empfohlen mind. 3 m (Bundesliga: mind. 4 m)

The necessary space for players‘ benches and the coaching zone has to be considered.

In the highest and second highest division there have to be seats for at least 16 persons. The benches have to be covered and placed in a distance of min. 3 m to the sideline. It‘s not allowed to place them in front of fan sectors.

Der notwendige Platz für Spielerbänke und die Coachingzone ist einzuplanen. Auf den Spielerbänken müssen in der höchsten und der zweithöchsten Spielklasse zumindest 16 Personen Platz haben. Die Spielerbänke müssen gedeckt sein, seitlichen Schutz vor Witterung und Wurfgeschossen bieten und mindestens 3,0 m von der Abgrenzungslinie des Spielfelds entfernt sein. Sie dürfen sich nicht vor den so genannten Fansektoren befinden.

Goals | Tore

732 cm

min. 80 cm

244 cm

min. 150 cm

The goals have to be 7,32 m wide and 2,44 m high (inner dimension) and are placed in the middle of the goal line. Goalposts and the crossbar must be white and have the same profile (rectangular or round). The profile dimension has to be 10 to 12 cm.

Die 7,32 m breiten und 2,44 m hohen Tore (Innenmaß) stehen in der Mitte der Torlinie.

Torpfosten und Querlatte müssen den gleichen Querschnitt haben (rechteckig oder rund), eine äußere Breite von 10 - 12 cm aufweisen und weiß sein.

Worth To Mention | Erwähnenswert

Following aspects, rooms and facilities have to be considered when planing a football stadium according to the Austrian football league:

Folgende Aspekte, Räume und Einrichtungen müssen gemäß Bundesliga-Auflagen bei der Planung eines Fußballstadions berücksichtigt werden:

- Lawn: artificial or natural grass, heating - Billboards: dimensions and distances - Access to the field, tunnels - Cabins for teams - Sanitation - Referee‘s cabin - Room for doping-controls - Room for medical checks - Office for game- and refereeobservers - Capacity of the stadium and seating - Mobile tribunes - Separation of fans / audience - Separation audience area - field area - Safety nets - Console for cantor - Entrance and Exits, escape routes - VIP area - Facilities for handicapped persons - First aid station - Facilities for food - Loudspeakers - Floodlight - Scoreboards and screens - Video surveillance system - Rooms and facilities for the media and TV broadcast - Parking area and traffic connection

- Rasen: Kunst oder Natur, Heizung - Werbebanden: Größen und Abstände - Zugang zum Spielfeld, Spielertunnel - Mannschaftskabinen - Sanitäre Einrichtungen - Schiedsrichterkabine - Dopingkontrollraum - Ärztliches Untersuchungszimmer - Büro für Spiel- und Schiedsrichterbeobachter - Kapazität des Stadions und Sitzplätze - Mobile Tribünen - Zuschauertrennung - Abtrennung Zuschauer- - Spielfeldbereich - Fangnetze - Vorsängerpult - Ein- und Ausgänge, Fluchtwege - VIP - Bereich - Einrichtungen für Personen mit Handicap - Erste Hilfe Posten - Einrichtungen zur Verpflegung - Lautsprecheranlagen - Flutlichtanlagen - Anzeigetafeln - Bildschirme - Videoüberwachungssystem - Räume und Einrichtungen für Medien und Fernsehübertragung - Parkplätze und Verkehrsanbindung

For more detailed information see the folder „Stadionbestimmungen“ published by the Austrian football league.

Detaillierte Informationen sind dem Folder „Stadionbestimmungen“ der österreichischen Bundesliga zu entnehmen.

Allianz Arena Munich | Allianz Arena München

Architects: Herzog & de Meuron

Architekten: Herzog & de Meuron

Opened: 2005

Eröffnet: 2005

Capacity: 70.000 - 75.000

Kapazität: 70.000 - 75.000

Building Costs: 340 Mio. Euro

Baukosten: 340 Mio. Euro

Beijing National Stadium | Nationalstadion Peking

Architects: Herzog & de Meuron

Architekten: Herzog & de Meuron

Opened: 2008

ErĂśffnet: 2008

Capacity: 91.000

Kapazität: 91.000

Building Costs: 325 Mio. Euro

Baukosten: 325 Mio. Euro

Sources | Quellen

ÖISS Sportstättenguide, Fußball, Stand 2006 Österreichische Bundesliga: Stadionbestimmungen für die Bewerbe der österreichischen Fußball-Bundesliga (pdf) https://www.bundesliga.at/index.php?id=568133 date: 24.04.2015

Futsal

Donika Luzhnica | Konstantin Knauder

Futsal is a variant of football (soccer) that is played on a smaller field and mainly played indoors. It is a game between two teams, whose goal is to pass the ball into the opposite team‘s gate, following the accurate game rules. There are five players on the field on each team, one of whom is the goalkeeper and maximum seven substitutes.

Futsal ist eine Variante des FuĂ&#x;ballspiels, das in Sporthallen gespielt wird. Es ist ein Kampfspiel zweier Mannschaften, die versuchen, einen Ball regelkonform in das gegnerische Tor zu bringen. Jede Mannschaft besteht aus einem Tormann und vier Feldspielern sowie maximal sieben Austauschspielern.

Summary

Sport(s) and/or task futsal

Indoor and/or outdoor indoor

Size of fields / indoor- outdoor min. 25x15 m max. 42x25 m

Infrastructure or equipment goal, ball

Number of players per team one goalkeeper, four players, max. seven substitutes

Spielfeld | Field

25.00 - 42.00 m

00

.

R3

3.00 m

5.00 m

3.16 m

15.00 - 25.00 m

5.00 m

m

1.00 m

00

.

R3

m

R0.25 m

GSEducationalVersion GSPublisherEngine 314.56.97.29

SIZE OF FIELD

SPIELFELDGRÖßE

min. 25x15m max. 42x25m

mind. 25x15m max. 42x25m

INTERNATIONAL GAMES

INTERNATIONALE SPIELE

min. 38x18m max. 42x25m

mind. 38x18m max. 42x25m

Equipments

80

200

300

100

GSEducationalVersion GSPublisherEngine 314.56.97.29

EQUIPMENTS

GERÄTE

The inner edges of the vertical goal posts must be 3 m apart and the goal post should be 2m high. See abb. 2. Each goalpost should be 8 cm wide and deep. The goal posts should be assured with a mechanism that prevents them to become unstable.

Its is allowed to use portable goalposts but they have to be assured with a certain mechanism as well.

Die 3 m breiten und 2 m hohen Tore (Innenmaß) stehen auf der Torlinie (siehe Abb. 2) Die beiden Torpfosten und die Querlatte sind 8 cm und die Querlatte sind 8 cm breit und tief. Die Tore müssen über einen Sicherheitsmechanismus verfügen, der ein Umkippen verhindert. Tragbare Tore dürfen verwendet werden, müssen aber über die gleichen Sicherheitsmechanismen verfügen wie herkömmliche Tore.

Markings & Distances | Markierungen & Abstände

MARK Lines: 8 cm wide The colour is not standard defined but it should set enough contrast to the colour of the floor just like all the other lines. The boundary lines are part of the field.

Linien: Breite 8 cm Farbe nicht einheitlich festgelegtem jedoch gut kontrastiert zu der Farbe des Bodens sowie allen sonstigen Linien. Die Spielfeldbegrenzungslinien gehören zum Spielfeld.

SICHERHEITSABSTÄNDE (SiA)

SAFETY DISTANCE There is no minimal distance to keep.

Although, a distance of 2 m (sideline) and 1 m (gateway) is suggested. Furthermore, the time and the space for the players to get into the field from the substitute zone is to be considered and well organised.

Es gibt keine vorgeschriebenen Mindestabstände. Empfohlen werden aber Sicherheitsabstände von mind. 2 m (Seitenlinien) bzw. 1 m (Torauslinien). Außerdem ist zu berücksichtigen, dass auf der Seite der Auswechelszonen Platz für die Zeitnehmung sein sollte.

PENALTY AREA

STRAFRAUM

This area is created by drawing quarter-circles with a 6 m radius from the goal line, centred on the outer edge of each goalpost. The upper part of each quarter-circle is then joined by a 3.16 m line running parallel to the goal line between the goalposts.

Von der Torlinie aus ist um jeden Torpfosten ein Viertelkreis mit einem Radius von 6 m in das Spielfeld zu ziehen, wobei der Kreismittelpunkt an der Außenkante der Torpfosten berührt. Die Schnittpunkte werden von Viertelkreisbogen und -linien durch eine 3,16 m lange Linie verbunden, die parallel zur Torlinie zwischen den Torpfosten verläuft.

THE HALL HALLE Height over the game area: min. 7 m Hallenhöhe über der Spielfläche (hindernisfreie lichte Höhe): mind. 7 m MARKIERUNGEN

Wiener Stadthalle

Architects Roland Rainer Dietrich/Untertrifaller (Extension)

Capacity 6 Halls Hall D - 16.000 Hall E - 1500 Hall F - 2000

Functions Multipurpose indoor Arena Hall A&B: gymnasium and sports Hall C: ice rink Hall D: multipurpose main hall Hall E: small multipurpose hall Hall F: theater Opened 1957 2006 (Extention)

Quellen Sources

OISS Sportst채ttenguide, Futsal Stand 2010 Homepage Wiener Stadthalle : http://www.stadthalle.com/Accessed : 26.04.2015

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities Manuel Perez, Hristo Georgiev

At this point we are going to facilitate the information to develop the outdoor facilities that might be needed in our projects. The collected information is based on the international regulations for each sport. Among the athletics we have focused our research through the track sports (meaning any kind of running discipline), the field sports (meaning throwing and jumping disciplines), and the combination between them. We also considered the sports that can be developed together with these athletic disciplines, like rugby, football or American football, as any of these fields fit inside the running track. Finally, we provide information about tennis and beach volleyball, some of the most popular sports among the region of our project.

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Sport(s) and/or task Track and Field Football American Football Rugby

Indoor and/or outdoor Outdoor

Size of fields 400m Standard Track(Radius 36,5m) 176.91m/92,52m 400m Double Bend Track(Radii 51,543m and 34 m) 169,632m/99,52m 400m Double Bend Track(Radii 48m and 24m) 172,48m/91,52m

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

The area inside the track is large enough to accommodate all throwing events and also a standard football pitch (68m x 105m). The 400m Standard Track comprises 2 semicircles, each with a radius of 36.50m, which are joined by two straights, each 84.39m in length (Figure 1.2.3a). This diagram indicates the inside edge of the track which must have a kerb, that should be coloured white, with a height of 0.05m to 0.065m and a width of 0.05m to 0.25m. The inner edge of the track is 398.116m in length (36.50m x 2 x π + 84.39m x 2) where π = 3.1416. This

length for the inner edge gives a length of 400.001m for the theoretical line of running (measurement line) at a distance of 0.30m from the kerb. The inside lane (lane 1) will, therefore, have a length of 400.001m along its theoretical line of running. The length of each of the other lanes is measured along a theoretical line of running 0.20m from the outer edge of the adjacent inside lane (Figure 2.2.1.1b). All lanes have a width of 1.22m Âą 0.01m. The 400m Standard Track has 8, 6 or occasionally 4 lanes but the last is not used for international running competition.

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Sport(s) and/or task Tennis

Indoor and/or outdoor Outdoor courts

Size of fields / indoor- outdoor 10,97m X 23,77m

Infrastructure or equipment Net and two posts.

Perimetral Fence.

Lighting posts.

Number of players per team Single or double matches.

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Tennis Court.

Doubles court: 10,97m X 23,77m Individual court: 8,23m X 23,77m Lateral space: 3,65m Back space: 6,40m Lateral distance between two courts: 7,30m Net height in middle point: 0,915m Net height in posts: 1,06m Fence height: 4,00m The fence should be made of a metallic grid of 4cm and 2,5mm thickness at least.

Lighting posts around 10m height.

It‘s preferable that the longitudinal axis of the court follows the direction N-S, despite there could be variations.

It‘s not advisable to build more than 2 courts together in the lateral direction (parallel longitudinal axis).

For official tournaments.

Lateral space: 4,00m Back space: 8,00m Dimensions according to the ITF and ATP, both international tennis associations.

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Sport(s) and/or task Beach volleyball

Indoor and/or outdoor Outdoor sand pitch

Size of fields Outdoor pitch of 16m X 8m

Infrastructure or equipment Posts and net Sand pitch

Number of players per team 2 players per team.

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Beach Volleyball: Court dimensions: 16m X 8m Service distance: 5m - 6m Lateral distance: 5m - 6m Distance between posts and lateral lines: 0,7 m - 1,0m Total court area: (18m x 26m) - (20m x 28m) Net height: 2.43 (men) - 2.24 (women) Posts height: 2.55 m Net width: 8.50 m Net depth: 1m

The whole playing area includes the team areas, considering bench for each team or anything else needed, and the scorer‘s table for controlling the result.

The area around the court is needed for the game. The lines on the ground are normally created with elastic stripes fixed to the sand.

Dimensions according to the international beach volleyball rules.

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Sport(s) and/or task Football

Indoor and/or outdoor Outdoor

Size of fields / indoor- outdoor Width 45m-90m; Length 90m-120m

Infrastructure or equipment Goal posts, nets, grass pitch

Number of players per team 11+7

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Football pitch

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Sport(s) and/or task Rugby

Indoor and/or outdoor Outdoor

Size of fields / indoor- outdoor Width 68m-70m; Length 97m-100m

Infrastructure or equipment Goal posts, nets, grass pitch

Number of players per team 15+7

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Rugby union pitch

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

Sport(s) and/or task American Football

Indoor and/or outdoor Outdoor

Size of fields / indoor- outdoor Width 48.80m; Length 109.75m

Infrastructure or equipment Goal posts, nets, grass pitch

Number of players per team 11

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

American football pitch

Athletics and Outdoor Facilities

It is normal for an athletics track to be used for other sports. Generally, this involves using the interior of the 400m tracks as a pitch for soccer, American football or rugby. Obstacle-free sports areas in the segments at the same level as the playing field without kerbs over which sportsmen could stumble can be included in the safety ones.

Sources

http://www.uk-groundworks-contractors.co.uk/2011/10/uk-atheletics-track-completed/ running-track-b-edited/ IAAF Track and Field Facilities Manual, Chapters 1-4. (2008). Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical http://soccerhelp.com/images/Field_Diagram.gif http://www.pitchmarkltd.com/Content/Rugby-Union-Pitch-Dimensions.jpg http://www.goallineathletics.com/libraries/products/HighSchoolDim.jpg

Notes

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

Notes

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________