AUTOMARK MAGAZINE
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AUTOMARK MAGAZINE
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Editorial
MONTHLY
Pakistan’s Premier Magazine for Industry
December 2011 Vol 4, Issue 12 Editor : M. Hanif Memon Sub Editor : Dr. Raja Irfan Sabir Technical Editor: Muhammad Shahzad Contributing Writers : Muhammad Shahzad Yakoob Gaziani Ali Hassan Shahzad Tabish Omer Rashdi Mohammad Danish M. Muneeb Jawed Advisors : Imtiaz Rastgar CEO, Rastgar Group & CBI External Expert Islamabad
Abdul Majeed Sheikh President, AOTS-ABK Dosokai, Karachi Regional Center & Director (MME), NED University - Karachi
M. Yakoob Gaziani CEO LORD Institute of Technology Karachi
Haider Nawab Advisor Planning & Devp. Toyota Southern Motors Toyota Defence Motors Karachi
J. Pereira General Manager Product Support Division Al-Haj FAW Motors (Pvt) Ltd. Karachi
Engr. IHT Farooqui General Manager Plant Karakoram Motors (Pvt) Ltd., Karachi Circulation Mngr. : Tahir Siddiqui Graphic Designer : Salman Hanif
Postal Address Active Communications D-68, Block-9, Clifton,Karachi Visit us: www.automark.pk E-mail: magazine@automark.pk automarkpk@gmail.com Tel : 021-32218526 Mobile: 0321-2203815
Shortage of Natural Gas and new CNG bus project in Lahore Punjab government would launch new CNG buses in the garrison city to improve the shortage of public transport in the area. Provincial government would purchase these buses from its own funds from China and would provide transporters on easy installments. Provincial government would purchase these buses from its own funds from China and would provide transporters on easy installments. Government would also provide 20 per cent operational subsidy to the owners of the buses. To provide parking place, the City District Government Rawalpindi (CDGR) has issued notice to Varan Tours a private firm to vacate the Punjab government`s general bus stands at Saddar and Peshawar Road within a month. “Yes, the provincial government is all set to launch CNG buses on 11 routes of the city from next year and in this regard, it would call expression of interest from transporters after Ashura,” said Syed Asad Kazmi, Regional Transport Authority (RTA) Secretary, while talking to press media. In the current shortage of natural gas (CNG) in the country CNG buses would not get popularity in the garrison city due to shortage of gas. “CNG is not available for the existing public transport, how will it cater to the needs of these buses? On the other hand, transporters were suffering huge loses while passengers were in trouble owing to frequent suspension of CNG. Government was not taking serious measures to end gas crisis and the plan of launching CNG buses would worsen the sate of affairs, also local transporters were not interested in getting the CNG buses on installments and therefore the project would badly fail.
AUTOMARK MAGAZINE
CONTENTS
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December-2011
The Monthly Magazine for Pakistan Automotive Sector
Bike Industry Divided in Two Groups Exclusive Article by Ali Hassan
10-12
Motorcycle rickshaw in completion with public transport Exclusive Article by M. Owais Khan
13-14
CNG Rickshaw Production Figures year 2008 to 2011
15
Pakistan Motorcycle Production Figures year 2008 to 2011
16-17
Auto industry ill-prepared
18
New Super Star Motorcycle 2012
19
Lanching ceremony Unique Motorcycle
20-21
Enhancing PMTF's credit limit
27
Cylinder arrangement; Optimized Exclusive by Shahzad Tabish
33
Diesel Fuel Injection by Omar Rashidi
34
The History of Transportation by Iqbal Wajid
35
The Engine, heart and power source of your car Exclusive car care articel by M. Shahzad
36-37
Light Emitting Diodes (LED) by M. Yakoob Gaziani
39-39
Young Pakistani man lives for his passion for toy cars
44
Local Assembled/Imported car price
46
Motorcycles market prices
48-49
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Automotive Sector - Exclusive Aritcle
Bike Industry Divided in Two Groups IORC facility users versus high rate of duty payers on parts import APMA claims with authority and evidences that over 50 per cent of the parts used in bike assembling are not available in Pakistan then why wrong policies are being made to benefit a certain group of assemblers.
Perturbed by the already recurring problems, the Chinese motorcycle assemblers have now come out with a claim that they are one of the main contributors of paying duties and taxes to the national kitty instead of listed bike assemblers at the stock exchange. The low cost bike makers now try to exp ose the real benef iciary of government policies who pay less taxes and duties as compared to other bike assemblers.
After a thorough investigation, the Chinese bike makers believe that the government has divided the bike makers in two groups in collecting taxes and duties. One of the bike makers are openly importing parts for bike assembling through input output ratio certificate (IORC) by paying only five to 10 per cent import duty. The second type of bike assemblers (around 60 units) are paying 32.5 per cent import duty plus sales tax thus paying a cumulative 47.5 per cent duty for producing cheap bikes as compared to Japanese bike assemblers. Association of Pakistan Motorcycle
Assemblers (APMA) says that a question arises whether the IORC based assemblers are contributing more towards revenue generation or the assemblers paying 47.5 per cent duty pay more taxes and duties. The IORC based assemblers are already paying more due to high valuation advice on parts and accessories while under IORC the name of parts are being imported by changing their names. Under IORC the government is being deprived from getting the required taxes and duties due to tax evasion while these assemblers also do not fall under any kind of valuation advice. APMA said that the government must initiate an enquiry on tax collection in order to ascertain whether the assemblers utilizing IORC facility are paying more revenue or the assemblers importing parts by paying 47.5 per cent duty are contributing more towards revenue generation. As per approved list prepared by the Engineering Development Board (EDB),
small assemblers are paying taxes and dut ies by imp ort ing part s and accessories but smuggling of parts is thriving by changing names of parts under IORC. A sizable number of containers loaded with finished parts and accessories land in the country and in connivance with Custom Examination the names of parts listed in IORC list is pasted and instead of paying 47.5 per cent import duty, these parts are being cleared at nominal rate of five to 10 per cent import duty. To offset the impact of high labor cost, rising utility charges and other expenditures bike parts are being imported from China where labor is cheap coupled with huge volume of production. Market is abuzz with reports that Japanese bike maker are also working with China while a leading Japanese bike assembler has set up an office in China.
APMA rejects the Tariff Based System (TBS) made seven years back terming it threatening for many industries but some assemblers are pressing the government for its continuation. APMA says that some leading bike assemblers claim of achieving over 90 per cent deletion level in two wheelers but it is beyond understanding s as from where the raw material used for making parts locally is coming. What is the share of imported parts like
Monthly Automark | December-2011 | Page 10
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Automotive Sector - Exclusive Aritcle
APMA urges to differentiate and separate the renewal /registration of motorcycle and auto rickshaw as motorcycle is vehicle of poor common people of the country and local assembled Chinese motorcycle is the main source of low cost good quality motorcycle to serve the poor common people of Pakistan. Again and again ban of registration of low cost Chinese motorcycles in all excise and taxation officers / MRAs in the Punjab is not in favor of the common people and revenue generated industry. plastic and rubber, chemicals, aluminum and sheet metal and other raw materials in the total cost of bike assembling? Besides, a number of sub assembly, components and sub components are being imported under IORC. It seems that the cost of importing these components in open form is included in the cost of locally produced parts. APMA claims with authority and evidences that over 50 per cent of the parts used in bike assembling are not available in Pakistan then why wrong policies are being made to benefit a certain group of assemblers. The government has unearthed tax evasion cases of some bike assemblers and auto parts vendors but after greasing the palm of officials the cases were sent in the cold storages. Besides facing these bottlenecks, the bike makers have again knocked the door of Director General Excise and Taxation Punjab which has again started treating step motherly treatment with many bike assemblers.
In sharp contrast to its policy, the E&T Punjab has granted permission to the maker of Pak Hero for registration of CM Licence up to June 30, 2013. In another case, the maker of Crown Lifan 70cc and 100cc bike was also granted permission regarding renewal/registration of two wheelers, CM Licence up to September 30, 2012 and up to May 30, 2012 respectively. APMA says thousands of motorcycle running on roads without registration by E&T especially in rural area's of Punjab due to again and again discontinuation of the registration of lo c al l y ma n ufa ct u r ed C hi n e se
motorcycles which is the big loss of government revenue and the big national security risk for the country in this apprehensi on at mosp here. The new practice of renewal registration system by E&T Punjab for any brands of vehicle is unnecessary lengthy which cause to establish again the trend to ride the motorcycle without registration of E&T depart.
Previously the E&T
Punjab was allowing the registration order of any vehicles against the CM- license as per law of Government of Punjab but now add-up more and more unnecessary documents esp eci al ly t he ED B certificates which is issued quarterly / yearly basis as per desire of EDB. The EDB certificate is only allowed for the production of new vehicle brand or revalidation of existing brands for next quarter or year. But the E&T department responsible to registered the already produced existing brands vehicles (within the previous allow of EDB) as the payments of all kind of taxes
such as custom duties, sales tax, income tax and E&T dues also paid by manufacturer which is always in stock by many of motorcycle dealers in all over the country. The discontinuation of registration by E&T of already sold vehicles and stocked in the market is illegal and contrary of justice. The registration of locally manufactured vehicle is the main requirements of this industry to trade in local market of any province of Pakistan. The badly delay of renewal / registration order of motorcycle manufacturers and month to month renewal of local manufactured Chinese motorcycle is new practice against the law by office of the directorate general Punjab Excise and taxation department. The Motor Vehicle Registration System (MVRS) is important, not only for the direct functioning of the E&TD, but also for other stakeholders and concern trade bodies such as APMA, PAMA and PAAPAM legal Forum that need to interact with the system. The capability to access data from the system and also to interact with it enables the motorcycle registration system to be more accurate, reliable and meaningful. Therefore, in the integrated environment, the enhanced role of Vehicle Registration Systems is not just providing vehicle data but also to become the channel for a proactive and two way relationships between the E&TD and External Stakeholders which is very important for national security. To facilitate fast growing Chinese made bikes, APMA proposes that once the company is registered by E&T as registered by FBR then without any intimation to the said company the discontinuation of registration of the manufactured vehicle in all excise and taxation officers / MRAs in the Punjab is illegitimate after the permission was granted by E&TD. APMA urges to differentiate and separate the renewal /registration of motorcycle and auto rickshaw as
Monthly Automark | December-2011 | Page 11
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Automotive Sector - Exclusive Aritcle
Assemblers (APMA) says that a question arises whether the IORC based assemblers are contributing more towards revenue generation or the assemblers paying 47.5 per cent duty pay more taxes and duties. APMA said that the government must initiate an e nquiry on tax collection in order to ascertain whether the assemblers utilizing IORC facility are paying more revenue or the assemblers importing parts by paying 47.5 per cent duty are contributing more towards revenue generation. motorcycle is vehicle of poor common people of the country and local assembled Chinese motorcycle is the main source of low cost good quality motorcycle to serve the poor common people of Pakistan. Again and again ban of registration of low cost Chinese motorcycles in all excise and taxation officers / MRAs in the Punjab is not in favor of the common people and revenue generated industry. The E&T department can call the valid documents any time or on expiry of submitted documents but without discontinuation of registration as practice in other provinces of the country. The again and again month to month ban on registration is only trend of E&TD Punjab and no stoppage of registration in practice in the other provinces but the call of valid documents by E&TD are in practice in other district E&T departments as call letters is regularly issued by E&T departments
on expiry of CM-licenses to esteemed motorcycle industrialist and if any company fail to submit the valid documents within the given time then the stoppage of registration of new motorcycle is legitimate instead to stop the registration of previously produced or stocked motorcycle as practice in the other district of the country. E&TD Punjab should support to the same system without stoppage of registration of any locally manufactured motorcycle to encourage the growth of motorcycle industry. Individual Verification of CM-license and EDB certificates is unnecessary because the detail list of approved assembler cum manufactures is available online on FBR , PSQCA & on EDB website or E&T department can get once a year updated approve lists of mot orcy cle asse mb lers cum manufacturers by EDB & PSQCA. The entire requirement for the approval of registration of any new products
should be completed by one time and no application accepted by the department without the completion of all formalities in one time by the vehicle manufacturers to avoid any deception by anyone. Any kinds of Taxes dues applicable on manufactures should be accepted through pay order or demand draft instead to cash payments in banks accounts of E&T Punjab at Bank in Lahore to facilit ate the ent ire industrialist of the country. APMA urges that during the departmental procedure of amendments in renewal / registration system for local manufactured Chinese motorcycles by Punjab E&TD as per above recommendations, the department staff should give priority to the issuance of Renewal / registration order of local manufactured Chinese motorcycles as per previouse practice of E&TD Punjab instead of month to month renewal....
6 Motorcycle, Auto-Rickshaw Assemblers disallowed concessionary components import On the recommendations of the Engineering Development Board (EDB), the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) has stopped concessionary import of components, i ncludi ng subcomponents. Component, subassemblies and assemblies imported in any kit form, by six assemblers/manuf actu rers of motorcycles and auto rickshaws. The FBR has issued instructions to all Collectors of Customs Model Customs Collectorates (MCCs) to implement the recommendations of the EDB for not allowing concessionary rate of customs duty on the import made by six assemblers/manuf actu rers of motorcycles and auto rickshaws. According to FBR’s instructions, the MC Cs s houl d fu r t her p r oce ed accordingly as per advice of the EDB. The EDB had informed the FBR about the non-revalidation of manufacturing cert ifi cate by six assemblers/manuf actu rers of motorcycles and auto rickshaws for 2010-2011 without any direct import, as required under SRO.656(i)/2006, their Manufacturing Certificates and lists of importable components have not
been revalidated for the current fiscal year. The EDB had further requested the FBR to direct its field formations not to allow the abo ve named firms any concessionary imports under SRO 656(i)/2006 dated June 22, 2006. The Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority (PSQCA) and Provincial Registration Authorities are also being requested not to entertain the products of these firms for registration, besides issuing of CM licenses due to nonconformity with the conditions of the regulatory regime, the EDB said. Under SRO 656(i)/2006, the federal government has allowed concessionary rate of customs duty on the import of components (which include subcomponent s, components, subassemblies and assemblies but excluded consumables), imported in any kit form, and direct materials for assembly or manufacture of specified vehicles. One of t he cond it io ns of t he SRO 656(i)/2006 is that the importer-cumassembler or manufacturer shall directly import the components as per the lists duly approved by the EDB or shall procure them from a sales tax registered
local vender, manufacturers such components and will maintain records accordingly. On the other hand, certain assemblers/ manufacturers of 2/3 wheelers have not made direct imports as required under SRO 656(i)/2006. These assemblers/manufacturers have purchased under-invoiced good/kits from commercial importers which is not admissible under the SRO 656(i)/2006. As certain assemblers/manufacturers and the EDB has not revalidated their Manufacturing Certificates. The EDB had requested the FBR not to allow concessionary imports of some assemblers/manufacturers, which failed to fulfil the laid down conditions of the SRO 656(i)/2006. The FBR will not entertain applications of concessionary i mp ort s mad e un d er t he SRO 656(i)/2006 in cases where the EDB has not revalidated their Manufacturing Certificates. Resultantly, su ch assemblers/manufacturers would not be allowed import kits including subcomponent s, components, subas sem bl i es a nd a ss emb li e s at concessionary rate of customs duty.
Monthly Automark | December-2011 | Page 12
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by Ali Hassan
Automotive Sector - Exclusive Article
Motorcycle rickshaw in completion with public transport Market people say that more than 20 assemblers are making motorcycle rickshaws to meet the rising demand of transport and an estimated 250,000-300,000 units are being produced on annual basis. Many projects are launched either to benefit a particular party or without making any feasibility report relating to its merit and demerit for the consumers or sometimes for creating a hurdle for any party running an identical project. One of the main examples is the massive growth in two wheeler segment (70cc) touching new peak thanks to Pervaiz Musharraf government’s decision of opening the markets to Chinese assemblers. As a result, the production has now crossed 1.5 million units a year from the 100,000 units a year few years back when the maker of Honda bike used to rule the market. The people have definitely benefitted from the arrival of low cost bikes. Investors, smelling burgeoning demand, took the risk few years back and signed joint venture agreement with Chinese counterparts to assemble low cost bike in order to tap the huge market demand. Finally the market has now reached a saturation point due to existence of over 60 assemblers in which some are competing successfully with Honda bikes besides enjoying good market share while others are struggling to survive. Sometimes it seems that bike population has exceeded two times more than the prevailing cars (locally produced and imported). While the bike industry was flourishing many media reports have also emerged about the malpractices and tax evasion by both Japanese and Chinese bike makers. Low cost bike makers blame the makers of Honda bike for creating hurdles in their way by influencing the government officials while the Japanese bike makers hold them responsible for evading taxes and duties. However, consumers are more interested in getting cheaper products but they
definitely suffer when the bike making company gets involved in corruption cases leading to closure of factory besides eroding the value of bike in the market. The main beneficiaries of opening the market for new players by the Musharraf Government are the consumers who failed to purchase bike due to high prices of Honda CDi 70cc. Besides low price, the problem of non availability of public transport in many areas also proved as a genuine reason in boosting up of two wheeler assembly i n Pakist an. In view of the growing population of Karachi as well as in the country, it seems that cheaper bikes are now proving insufficient to meet the transportation demand following rising human population. Those Chinese bike assemblers, who
enjoyed good sales, have invested in introducing motorcycle rickshaws to cater the needs of many people who hate paying more money on public transport buses despite being run on CNG. Like the two wheelers, the CNG rickshaw and motorcycle rickshaw (petrol version) have made deeper inroads in our country. Many profit making two wheeler assemblers have further invested in assembling motorcycle rickshaws (bike plus hood). After an over whelming response in Punjab in the last few years thanks to the concept introduced by Qingqi -- the motorcycle rickshaws are now running side by side with other mode of transports in Karachi. The rising population of motorcycle rickshaw sometimes poses threat for further road congestion which was expanded by the then City Nazim Mustafa Kamal. The motorcycle rickshaws have been introduced on smaller routes of few kilometers on which the commuters travel by mini bus or big buses loaded with passengers at peak office hours timings. Many people think when the mega city already has over 10,000 vehicles (buses, mini buses and coaches) plying on the roads coupled with huge presence of locally produced and imported used cars, CNG rickshaws and LPG rickshaws then there was no need to further inject new mode of transport on the already packed roads which get further choked in the mornings and afternoons timings mainly. One of the main benefits of the motorcycle rickshaws is that the passengers get the seat to reach the destination. By the time the
Monthly Automark | December-2011 | Page 13
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by Ali Hassan
Automotive Sector - Exclusive Article commuters feel sad of getting no seat another motorcycle rickshaw arrives. For example a customer must have over Rs 15-20 in his pocket to reach Nipa Chowrangi from Nusrat Bhutto Colony or Sakhi Hassan by mini bus or coach. Bus operators now also charge over Rs 10 for one stop. Travelling by mini bus and big bus is time consuming depending on the mood of drivers to run the vehicle besides no chance of getting a seat. By paying Rs 10 only and a seat with no hassle of loading the passenger on next stop or in the way one can easily reach the required destination even earlier than big bus and mini bus. There is also no threat of any CNG cylinder explosion in motorcycle rickshaw which runs on petrol. The explosion of CNG cylinder either of using used gas cylinder or due to collision with other vehicles has now shaken the minds of many consumers who feel that the government must impose ban on use of old cylinder in public transport. In view of law and order situation and rising cases of snatching valuables, cash and mobile phones at gun point in public transport – the brief journey on motorcycle rickshaws looks safe as it takes up the load of only six persons. However, standing on a road side or a bus stop is also not safe any more especially in odd hours. Many people think that the ride on motorcycle rickshaw sometimes gets bumpy as well as highly risky when they engage in racing with other operators on same route. In office timings the drivers of these rickshaws indulge in wild driving to get the passenger first while in non office hours they drive it at normal speed. Many consumers feel that they reach the places much earlier than public transport but they are exposed for many threats as they do not know whether the operators of these vehicles have the fitness certificate from the government. However, the fitness certificate does not hold any value keeping in view of public buses’ poor health and interior/exterior condition as they are running after getting fitness certificate. Fitness certificate does not matter most for many commuters as they feel that at least they are sitting on a new locally produced vehicle (bike plus hood) but they do not know that many operators of these transports have purchased used
bike first and then attach the hood. Some have purchased new bikes and then attached the hood. In a nutshell all the operators must have vehicle fitness certificate. A rickshaw driver operating between Nipa Chowrangi and Sakhi Hassan Chowrangi looks satisfied by saying that he saves Rs 500 to Rs 600 a day after paying Bharra (operating rent) of Rs 300 a day to the investor. He said many people have purchased seven to 11 rickshaws and handed over to various Addas (like bus stand or operating authority) and getting the per day rent from them on behalf of drivers. As he claimed that since the government has not allowed any route permit – an Adda is situated at Nipa Chowrangi where a person provides a number of the vehicle or sort of route permit which the rickshaw driver displays at the top of the driving seat prominently and also at other areas of the body. These types of Addas are being operated by the persons who in connivance with the Police and other transp ort authorities are managing the operations
of motorcycle rickshaws. The driver said that an investor has to pay Rs 20,000 to Rs 40,000 to the Addas to get the route permit. He says the maintenance of the rickshaw in the responsibility of the investor. Due to problems of route permits he said most of the motorcycle rickshaws are being run on the shorter distance of main roads or inside the big commercial roads in nearby residential areas. He said two types or motorcycle rickshaws are available – one at Rs 80,000-90,000 with factory fitted hood while another way is to buy a new bike at Rs 42,000-44,000 and then attach a hood costing Rs 40,000. On petrol consumption he said he fills Rs 30-40 worth of petrol to go and come from Nipa Chowrangi to Sakhi Hassan
Chowrangi. On safety of passengers, he said since the route is very short then there are hardly any cases of accidents or turning of rickshaw at high speeds. It is still not clear whether these rickshaws are registered with the transport authority as commercial vehicles or they have got route permit in Karachi and Sindh. However, similar rickshaws have already been brought under the tax net in Punjab. In March this year, the print media had reported that the issuance of fitness certificate by the traffic police was perhaps the only impediment in the registration of motorcycle rickshaw in Sindh. Meanwhile CNG rickshaw drivers do not feel threatened over the surging numbers of these rickshaws in the city saying that these rickshaws are real competitors of various public bus operators for whom these rickshaw owners must have caused shortfall in the daily earnings of bus owners. Some government officials believe that it is a matter of great concern that a number of motorcycle rickshaws are plying on different routes in various cities of the province and still not been brought under the umbrella of government revenue/ taxation (motor registration, route permits, fitness certificate). The operators of motorcycle rickshaws believe that they are operating on the link roads of the city where no other source of public transport is available for the backward localities, so they are providing cheaper transport facilities to the people on these routes. Every project that creates a new industrial base in the country, provides new job avenues and helps government in getting more revenues should be encouraged at any cost but the government should maintain a limit of allowing new units as many times a cartel like situation emerges and the manufacturers form a cartel to play havoc with prices on demand and supply basis. Market people say that more than 20 assemblers are making motorcycle rickshaws to meet the rising demand of transport and an estimated 250,000300,000 units are being produced on annual basis.....
Monthly Automark | December-2011 | Page 14
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Automotive Sector - Update
Auto industry ill-prepared
The country’s automotive industry is ill prepared and not taking any initiative to face the flood of auto parts from India following the MFN status to India by Pakistan. According to industry experts, the government as usual is not interested in playing its role in NTB Legal Frame Work setup. Information’s available on the website of the Pakistan Commerce Ministry and its quick comparison with the Indian Counterpart shows the understanding level of our policy makers. PAAPAM Chairman Syed Nabeel Hashmi said that there are Pakistanspecific barriers in place in India. These include lack of infrastructure at ports of entry, bureaucratic and administrative mishandling, visa restrictions and surveillance of visitors to India, banking limitations and restrictive trade routes. On the Pakistan side he said that we have a wide loop in evaluation at shipping ports, under invoicing and misdeclaration are some of the major concerns that if addressed, would have given some sort of confidence to local industry. NTB’s even if enacted do not play any role if you have porous Shipping ports. He asked the government to consider the fact that the industry contributes 6 percent of total FBR collection; 1.4 million Pakistanis are earning their livelihood through the i nd ust ry ; A ut omobi le I ndu st ry constitutes 15 percent of large scale industry and has second largest investment after energy sector in Pakistan. Therefore the government should always restrict auto parts and
automobile imports in all their i n t er n at i o na l ag r e em en t s a n d commitments e.g. it is already included in its Negative List for Afghan Transit Trade Agreement of 1965; also in the Appendix G for restricting trade of such items from India; and also in the ‘Sensitive List’ for South Asian Free Trade Area [SAFTA]. Sensitive List under SAFTA means allowable imports with ‘No tariff concession’. Paapam chairman agreed that neither the industry of the country nor the Industry is educated enough and neither is the Government. We are being told to learn the tricks of the WTO but even with NTM’s or NTB’s in place who is going to correct the faulty import regime of Pakistan. We have porous borders and import regimes that allow valuation and clearance of High Tech engine parts by weight. What would NTB’s do there? He proposed imposition of ‘Pakistan’s Automotive Non Tariff Barriers’ like Pakistan’s Vehicle Safety Standards, Pakistan’s Vehicle Quality Standards and Pakistan’s Vehicle Logistics & Trade Standards etc. "However, this can only be possible through capacity building, including human resource development and availability of vehicle testing equipment’s, of government agencies like Ministry of Science & Technology, Engineering Development Board and Ministry of Industries & Production," they added. The National Tariff Commission and The Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority can both play an active role if their capacities are built....
Unique opportunity for auto business Sharjah government is the leading facilitator for the provisioning of a unique and innovated opportunity by launching of Sharjah Auto Park, which was long awaited platform for the Middle East and international business community. The trade fair is a joint venture project of Leading Saudi d evelop er, A l Han oo wit h t he management collaboration of Giga Investment in order to serve more than 1200 business entrepreneurs at Sharjah Auto Park for those who willing to grab the exciting location on first come first serve basis by expressing their interest across all segments of auto industry sectors internationally. A large number of auto trade global companies entered the UAE market to benefit from its promising investment conditions and high capabilities as well as preference of the consumer to deal directly with automobiles traders those surely need one stop shop for their dealings and an show case their complete range under one roof like Sharjah Auto Park. As per the auto industry statistics UAE automotive market grew by 19.7 percent in 2010 to 11.1 billion (Dhs 40.7 billion) and 2011 has crossed the market business compared to past years with the fast growing pace (out of 40.7 billion Dhs turn over the Pakistanis proudly enjoy 65 percent market share) resulting into Sharjah Auto Park the best ever gift to the auto trade business community located in Sharjah and the other emirates along with neighbouring countries especially Pakistan on he auspicious 40th National Day of UAE and once again Giga Group playing great role of bridging the gap between UAE and business community globally. staff report...
Monthly Automark | December-2011 | Page 18
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Motorcycle Sector - New Model
Another Star by Memon Motor
Memon Motor of Hyderabad launched new model 2012 of Super Star motorcycle
Memon Motor, progressive assembler cum manufacturer of famous brands of two and three wheeler motorcycle & Rickshaw has recently launched their new model of motorcycle Super Star SS70 model 2012 in 70cc category. A graceful Launching Ceremonies held in Hyderabad, Karachi, Lahore & Multan in various hotels & other locations. Large number of Dealers & Vendors from across the country attended the ceremony held on November 18 in Karachi.
Memon Motor’s is one of the top largest assembler of motorcycles and rickshaws in Pakistan. The new model has not changed significantly on the engine or mechanical face. The major change is on the cosmetic front which makes it look more eye-catching. Addressing the audience on the occasion Jawed Memon, Director Sales & Marketing, Memon Motors said He feels very proud that we are introducing new model of super star motorcycle to fulfill our customers requirement.
He said that Super Star is the most valuable brand of motorcycle in the country with unmatched reputation in a very short period of its existence for high quality, reliability and after-salesservice. He believes that dealers will continue their support to the company and will enjoy equal benefits from the new model. Management of the company distributed the token shield to the dealers and company employees. Most of the directors and company well-wishers were present at the occasion....
Monthly Automark | November-2011 | Page 19
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Motorcycle Sector - Launching Ceremony
D.S. Motors launches Unique 70cc motorcycle 2012 model Number one choice of Pakistani nation D . S . Mo t o r s , a s s e m b l e r c u m manufacturer of Unique motorcycles and rickshaws a recognized name in two and three wheeler auto sector, has launched its new model 2011-2012 UD70cc Unique motorcycle last month in Karachi. As per motorcycle production figures release by EDB, since last four years unique motorcycle is the top selling branded motorcycle in Pakistan. A privilege for the company is that they are not just selling in the country but are also exporting to other countries and bringing foreign exchange back to Pakistan. Grand launching ceremonies were held
which were attended by all the dealers of Unique motorcycle and vendors from across the country, people may remember this event for a long time. On the occasion of the launching ceremony Chairman Amin Khatri said that customers & our dealers across the country are demanding for a long time to bring a new model for unique 70cc motorcycle and company was working on the model 2011-2012, today we are proud to inform you that with the help of all the employees of the company we are able to bring the new model ahead of the new year. I would like to say many thanks to all the dealers and vendors for their special support for our products.
He highlighted that the new model will fulfill the requirements of the riders of this segment. He said that by launching the new model will also create a new customer segment which will not help the company’s profit but also create a new business opportunity for the dealers and vendors at large, he hoped and looked for their kind support in future. New model does not change significantly on the engine or mechanical face. The major changes are on the cosmetic front which makes it look more eye-catching. Management of the company distributed the token shield to the dealers and company employees......
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Motorcycle Sector - Launching Ceremony
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Automotive Sector - Update
Govt to support low-cost car manufacturing Auto sector now employs 192,000 people directly Employment in car industry hovers between 5,500-6,000 persons Government will support manufacturing of a low-cost, energyefficient and spacious indigenous car which will cost almost threefourths of other cars in Pakistan with same specifications. E n g i n e e r i n g Development Board (EDB) should facilitate and support industry in manufacturing a hu n d r ed p er ce n t indigenous car which can be termed as a truly national car and which should become a symbol of quality in the world of auto engineering, said Federal Secretary Industries Aziz Ahmad Bilour. Automotive industry has been an active and growing field in Pakistan for a long time. However, it is still not as established to figure in prominent list of top automotive industries. Despite significant production volumes, transfer of technology and localisation of vehicle components remains low. Most cars in the country have dual fuel options and run on CNG which is more affordable and cheaper than petrol in the country. Bilour said industrialists need to bring innovation, out-of-box ideas and k n ow l e d ge - b as e d ac t i v i t i e s i n manufacturing to boost demand for Pakistani products in international market. Proposal for conversion of existing car models into bullet-proof cars was also discussed. The meeting was informed that by using latest technology, locally assembled cars can be converted into bullet-proof cars without adding unnecessary weight and disturbing efficiency of the car. EDB CEO, Aitazaz Niazi proposed that exports of engineering goods from Pakistan, which currently stand at $1.45 billion, can surge up tremendously if
of mini -t rucks commenced recently. Journey of auto industry in P aki st an f r om 1953 to 2011 has been rough, tough a nd so me t i me very smooth. Car industry saw boom in 20062007 when sales touched a record peak of 180,834 thanks to rising car financing up to 70-80 per cent by banks due to low interest rates and rising rural engineering companies are facilitated and sponsored to exhibit their products in industrial fai rs world wi de. Engineering companies are currently facing difficulty in exhibiting their products international fairs because of financial constraints. Bilour directed ED B t o exp lor e p oss ibi li t y of manufacturing environment-friendly hybrid cars which are fast becoming popular in United States with a mileage of 51-53 miles per gallon. According to ministry of industries, Pakistan produced its first vehicle in 1953, at National Motors Limited, established in Karachi to assemble Bedford Trucks. Subsequently buses, light trucks and cars were assembled in the same plant. The industry was highly regulated until early 1990’s. After d e r e g u l a t i o n m a j o r J a p an e s e manufacturers entered Pakistan’s market t hereby creat ing some competition in this sector. Assemblers of HINO Trucks, Suzuki Cars (1984), Mazda Trucks, Toyota (1993) and Honda (1994) in particular, entered once deregulation was introduced. Assembly of Daihatsu and Hyundai cars (1999) and various brands of LCVs and range
buying. Since then the industry has been striving hard to reach same sales level amid high interest rates and Yen appreciation against rupee. But high farm income is giving much support to car sales. Good crops this year will keep car sales brisk despite increase in prices. Car industry has invested over Rs20 billion in the last four to five years to meet g row in g d eman d. D i rect employment in car industry hovers bet wee n 5,500 - 6, 000 p ers ons. Auto sector now employs 192,000 people directly and around 1.2 million indirectly and has Rs98 billion of investments and contributes Rs63 billion as indirect tax in the national exchequer......
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Automotive Sector - Update
Enhancing PMTF's credit limit by Rs1bn recommended In the last 42 years, it has mostly remained in profit and has not required any assistance from Government. However, due to global recession, establishment of organized and un-organized competitors during last two decades and high labour cost, PMTF is facing serious financial crisis. Cabinet Committee on Restructuring (CCOR) has recommended en h an ce me n t of credit limit of Pakistan Machine Tool Factory (PMTF) Karachi by Rs1,000 million under Government of Pakistan's (GOP's) sovereign guarantee for its rehabilitation to address the immediate financial constraints of the PMTF. Sources told press media reporter that
the CCOR had moved a summary to the Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) of the Cabinet for enhancing credit limit by Rs1,000 million under sovereign guarantee for rehabilitation of the PMTF Karachi. The CCOR has recommended the enhancement of Credit Limit of PMTF by Rs.1000 milli on under GOP' s sovereign guarantee to enable it to actualize, execute orders in hand worth Rs923 million, address the immediate financial constraints and wipeout the meager accumulated loss of Rs50 million subject
Pakistan Machine Tool Factory (PMTF) employees not paid salaries for 3 months As many as 800 regular employees of Pakistan Machine ToolFactory (PMTF) have not been paid their monthlysalaries for the last three months, which is causing serious resentment among the workers. The general secretary of the Collective Bargaining Agent (CBA), Meraj Ahmed, said that the CBA had left no stone unturned in resolving the issues being faced by the employees whilemoving the charter of demands to the PMTF management, but despite the passage of 15 months, the management had failed to take into account the demands. He pointed out that 700 employees were working on daily wages for the last 25 years. They were simply paid Rs7,000 monthly. The permanent employees had also not been promoted for the last several years and that was a grave violation of labour laws. The modusoperandi of the management was to hire the services of workers on minimum wages and the continuity of these services was cut by laying off the employees after 75 days and then issue another contract letter. However the
factual position was that these 700 employees were fulfilling their duties since last 25 years on minimum wages. On the other hand, the permanent employees were also getting very meagre salaries in spite of the fact that they had spent years as employees in different grades. Most of the senior employees were getting Rs10,000 to Rs15,000 as monthly salary. Besides, nobenefits such as health facilities, bonus and earned leave, provident fund loans were allowed for the employees. Moreover, the retired employees were not paid their dues such as gratuity and even due provident funds were delayed in payment. Meraj Ahmed pointed out that Managing Director, Wasiuddin Ahmed, had a sympathetic frame of mind towards workers, but due to some ‘financial crunch’ his efforts did not culminate in the demands being considered. In spite of several efforts made by this scribe, the PMTF managing director concerned could not be contacted. (Curtse: TheNews)
to the condition that releases out the enhanced credit limit will be made in consultation with MoP. Sources said that a summary for a bailout package of Rs2000 million for PMTF was sent for the consideration of Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) of the Cabinet by Ministry of Production (MoP) to Cabinet division onSeptember 28, 2011. The Cabinet D i vi si on, howe ver , v id e let t er No.199/S/2011-Com dated October 4, 2011 advised to consult Finance Division in the matter. The Finance Division vide letter No.F.1(3)CF-III/2009-849 dated 26.10.2011 advised that the summary may be p laced before C abi net Committee on Restructuring (CCOR) which was accordingly taken up with Economic Reforms Unit (ERU) working as secretariat to the CCOR on November 11, 2011 by MOP. Concurrently, the Finance Division advised to submit a Restructuring and Business Plan alongwith the Utilization Plan of the demanded amount. The attached presentation on the business, utilization, and restructuring plans was sent to the finance division as well as to CCOR secretariat. The PMTF, a unit of State Engineering Corporation under the administrative control of MoP, was established with technical collaboration of M/s Oerilkon Buhrle & Co. Switzerland in 1968 and commenced its commercial production in 1971 for manufacturing a range of machine tools. Its products' range was later diversified to meet the demand of domestic automotive sector, die castings and armaments for Pak Army. PMTF formed a nucleus in development of local engineering industry and has contributed significantly in technology advancement and foreign exchange savings through import substitution. Sources said that the PMTF has played an important role in supply of high value added components for auto sector and
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Automotive Sector - Update
Substandard CNG cylinders Ogra blacklists six manufacturers The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (Ogra) has blacklisted six Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cylinder manufacturers for not meeting the set standard. According to Ogra officials, the companies blacklisted on account of not having international standard cylinder testing certificate includes: Kioshi, BTC, IGVI, Vintec, N K Corporation, MESCO, Tailor Wharten, Chongching and UEF. The authority has directed the following CNG cylinder storage supplying companies namely Cilbrass, BTIC, EKC India, EKC UEA, Inflex and Dalmine to acqu i re C anad i an Po wer Te ch Laboratory Certificate. If the Canadian Power Tech Laboratory issued international standard certificate
for these blacklisted companies the authority will allow them to operate in the market. The authority has taken the decision due to the continued CNG cylinder blasts in the vehicles, which resulted in the deaths of dozens of people. The companies blacklisted by the authority are Indian, Argentina, America, UK, Brazil, UAE, Italy and Korea. It should be mentioned here that hundreds of CNG cylinders supplied by the abovementioned companies have been inst alled in the vehicles. The authority has forwarded the names of the companies to the Federal Board of Revenue and Custom officials so that the companies could not import CNG cylinders....
enabled tractor assemblers to achieve deletion target of around 90 percent. The PMTF is the only integrated set up in the country having capability to manufacture auto components, machine tools and die-castings for number of industries such as auto (cars/tractors/motorcycles etc), gas companies and other engineering goods manufacturing industries. At present, import of Car's CKD is huge financial burden on government exchequer and PMTF, with some up-gradation, can achieve 80-85 percent deletion level in cars as well. PMTF has a unique type of infrastructure that can excel for undertaking other high value-added items which the country still lacks and imports against huge cost in foreign exchange. PMTF has prepared a proper PC-I for i ts up - grad ati on and diversification. According to sources, the PMTF has always relied upon its own resources and never received any governmental grant since its inception. It has paid-off all of its loans (local & foreign) vis-Ă -vis undertaken the Balancing Modernization Rehabilitation (BMREs) of its facilities entirely from its own resources. In the last 42 years, it has mostly remained in profit and has not required
any assistance from Government. However, due to global recession, establishment of organized and unorganized competitors during last two decades and high labour cost, PMTF is facing serious financial crisis. This extraordinary situation has led to a point where it is almost at the verge of total collapse, the sources said. It is pertinent to mention that the finance division earlier on the request of the MOP had agreed to enhance the credit limit facility of PMTF by Rs400 million vide, letter No. F.1(3)CFIII/2009-778 dated 20.09.2011. This, however, could not be materialized despite several persuasions by Finance Division and subsequent Letter of Comfort (LOC) in favour of National Bank of Pakistan (NBP) dated 04.11.2011. The NBP after lengthy deliberation, negotiation and contacts by PMTF management, MOP and Finance D i v i si o n d em an d e d so v er e i g n guarantees of the Government of Paki stan v id e their let t er N o. MBK/CPD/PMTF/2011/953 dated 16.11.2011 realizing the enhanced credited limit in favour of PMTF. In this context, the Secretary MOP also called on the President of NBP on 24.11.2011 in his office for soliciting the support
IMC raises car prices Indus Motor Company (IMC) has raised various vehicles` prices by around 1.5 per cent on account of steep decline in rupee value against the dollar and yen. Prices on Toyota Corolla variants have been increased by Rs20,000 followed by Rs30,000 in Altis variants and Rs15,000 in Cuore. The new prices will be Rs1,444,000 Corolla (XLI), Rs1,574,000 (GLI), Rs1,879,000 (Altis AT), Rs1,789,000 (Altis MT), Rs2,489,000 (Hilux 4x4 Std.), Rs824,000 (Cuore CX) and Rs 8 7 4 , 0 0 0 ( C uo r e C X C N G ) . The losing strength of the rupee against various currencies has made the imported completely knocked down (CKD) kits and local vendor parts more costlier as raw material of vendors is also imported. Increasing utility expenses and record depreciation in rupee which in last month onlydepreciated by almost five per cent against Japanese Yen. needed for the PMTF. The presentation forwarded to CCOR secretariat was taken up on November 25, 2011 in its meeting held in Finance Division wherein following two options were presented: The first option is the grant of Rs1000 million in shape of equity alongwith increase in credit limit by Rs1000 million under sovereign guarantee from GOP. The second option is the Soft Term Loan of Rs1000 million along with increase in credit limit by Rs1000 million under sovereign guarantee from GOP. After deliberation and discussion, the CCOR recommended the enhancement of Credit Limit of PMTF by Rs1000 million under GOP's sovereign guarantee to enable it to actualize, execute orders in hand worth Rs923 million, address the immediate financial constraints and wipeout the meager accumulated loss of Rs50 million subject to the condition that releases out the enhanced credit limit will be made in consultation with MOP. In v iew of t he foreg oing, t he recommendation of CCOR has been submitted to ECC for approval, sources added.
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Automotive Sector - Exclusive Article
By Shahzad Tabish - NED University Karachi
“Cylinder arrangement; Optimized� HOREX introduces a new Engine cylinder arrangement configuration.
Engines, of reciprocating type to be precise have been the source of motion for the vehicles for the past century. Innovations, although have been made in the regions of economy, size, weight & power output. Engineers have strived hard to enhance the efficiency of the engine in past few decades; considering all the variables associated with the engine. Size & weight of the engine remains a prime consideration when high power outputs are required keeping the weight to a minimal in order to utilize the power to propel the vehicle not to propel the lumped mass of the engine itself. In order to reduce the weight of the engine, various materials have been tried & tested to prepare the base structure of the engine. Aluminum & its alloys are most commonly utilized nowadays to prepare the base cylinder block of most road cars of today. Magnesium is also used in combination with Aluminum in some hyper cars in order to reduce the weight even further, however working with magnesium costs a lot more & hence is not suitable for commercial car sector. Having discussed the materials the cylinder configuration has been a debatable issue since the origination of the reciprocating engine itself. Various arrangements including inline, V-type, flat & radial configurations have been developed with the passage of time. Most popular arrangement for the ordinary road car is the inline configuration, which reduced weight & provides ample
power for streets. Increasing cylinder capacity & number of cylinders in order to increase power in an inline configuration has been difficult due to the extreme length in case of many cylinders in a row & t he development of extensive stresses on the crank shaft. Due to this fact the V-configuration was introduced in vehicles to reduce the over all length of the engine. The V-type engines are compact & provide better power output; however the V-type engines are mu ch heavi er t han t he in li ne configuration engines. The cylinder configuration was an issue that has to be optimized in order to obtain the most efficient design possible. Up till now engineers had put their efforts in enhancing the efficiency of the engine varying other parameters. Cylinder arrangement consideration was chosen from the available designs depending upon the requirement of the vehicle to be designed. However few engineers from HOREX Motorcycle Company started to revolutionize the cylinder arrangement in order to optimize the design. HOREX is a German brand; the engineers had been assigned the task to develop a small, compact, light weight yet powerful engine for the new motorcycle model they intended to launch. Once the design of the all new engine was developed & the motorbike was launched, the applause for the engine design overshadowed the bike itself. A new patent have been launched in the cylinder configuration. The new engine has optimized cylinder space configuration for multiple cylinder layout. A neither straight nor V-type configuration were acceptable due to the challenge to have both weight & power at its optimized form. Hence an all new configuration named VRcylinder arrangement has been introduced by the engineers of HOREX. VR arrangement represents the amalgamation of V-type & inline
cylinder designs in an optimized form. The engine has six cylinders arranged in a VR configuration. An issue that was a major consideration during this new d e s i g n wa s t he presence of lateral stresses on piston if the cylinders were arranged beside each other at an offset angle, to encounter this problem the engineers devises an indigenous solution. We know that in a V-type configuration the cylinders are arranged at banked angles opposite to each other. However this increases the weight of the engine significantly. The new configuration also has banked angle which is very less as compared to the V-type configuration. The cylinders are arranged almost side by side so this optimizes the space utilization of the cylinders in the block, minimizing the weight. The reduction of bank angle between the cylinders also has the same effect on the weight optimization. Hence this enabled to develop a very efficient & optimized design for the reciprocating engine, having ample power output, reduced size & less weight. HOERX claims that this new design is 20-30% more compact than any other engine of its class giving the same power output. In order to reduce the piston load due to the presence of both offset & banked angle a beveled piston shape has been utilized in order to have flat surface exposed at the top. The new engine design by HOREX is indeed a remarkable achievement in the history of engine design. The new design can be utilized to develop light weight yet more powerful cars of the future. It is very clear after observing such innovation that design optimization could go beyond imagination; it entirely depends upon the skill of the designer to skillfully craft such masterpieces. Cheers!.....
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Technology - Exclusive Article
By Omar Rashdi - Associate Engineer
Diesel Fuel Injection Diesel injection system! A big variation between a diesel engine and a gasoline engine is in the injection process. Petrol engines use port injection or a carburetor (which mixes air and fuel long before the air enters the cylinder). But in the new generation of automobile engineering, both diesel and gasoline have developed the same procedure of injection i.e. direct injection. The gasoline/diesel is highly pressurized, and injected via a common rail fuel line directly into the combustion chamber of each cylinder through injectors, now the thing which makes the big difference in that gasoline engine uses spark plugs and diesel does not have it but the high heat of compression. However, we use various types of fuel pump in gasoline and diesel engines. In this article we’re going to discuss about few of diesel injection system.
What is Diesel Pump? Diesel pump is the device that pumps and pressurized the fuel for further injection process. Traditionally, the pump is driven indirectly from the crankshaft by gears, chains or a toothed belt. It is responsible for injecting diesel into the cylinders according to firing order through injectors. As we know that diesel engines do not use spark plugs to ignite the fuel in the combustion camber but they rely entirely on the high compression pressure of the fuel in the cylinder to result in combustion. As a result, diesel injection pumps are very much important and must be built high pressure to produce the compression rates of up to 15,000 psi. All injection pumps incorporate a governor to cut fuel supply if the crank speed endangers the engine - the heavy moving parts of diesel engines do not tolerate over-speeding well, and catastrophic damage can occur if they are over-revved.
time for the combustion, before turning again toward the next cylinder to repeat the process.
Common rail direct injection pump plunger for each cylinder of the engine. The pump is run at half engine crankshaft speed and has a central shaft with cam lobes attached. Each plunger is operated by its cam. Each plunger also has a spiral groove or helix machined on its side and cut through to the top of the plunger. When operating, the plunger is pushed up by its cam lobe. At a certain point the spiral groove will line up with a spill port on the side of the plunger cylinder and the rest of the fuel is ‘spilled’. An in-line injection pump meters the fuel and raises its pressure. The basic principle is for a plunger to act on a column of fuel, to lift an injector needle off its seat.
Distributor Injection Pump Distributor diesel injection pump are also called rotary injection pump. Rotary pump was developed for use on cars and light duty vehicles. It uses a single injection cylinder driven from an axial cam plate, which injects into the individual fuel lines via a rotary distribution valve. They comprised of a hollow cylinder called a rotor as it sits on a cam which connects to the ports of the distributor head. Sitting on a cam as it is, the rotor turns toward the firing cylinder when it's about to fire, aligns its hole with the port on the side of the cylinder, and sprays in the fuel just in
On diesel engines, the common rail is simply a pipe full of very high-pressure diesel fuel. This is known as a fuel manifold or accumulator, or fuel rail. It has a relatively large diameter (around 20mm) steel pipe running along the cylinder head, close to the actual injectors. A common high-pressure pump keeps the rail continuously supplied with fuel at pressures up to 15,000 psi. A short high-pressure pipe then supplies each injector. The rail signifies an ‘infinite’ source of highpressure fuel. The injectors simply need to open and shut at the appropriate times to deliver this fuel to the combustion chamber. The 1st and 2nd generation systems used injectors with electric solenoids to lift/release the needles and hence open and close the nozzles. The 3rd generation systems did something completely new in this field. Instead of electric solenoids, common rail diesels now feature piezoelectric injectors for increased precision, with fuel pressures up to 30,000 psi.
Quotation: He who knows all the answers has not yet been asked all the questions.
Inline Injection Pump Inline diesel injection pumps were among the earliest design to be created, and were generally considered very effective. In-line pump systems have a separate
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Automotive Transportation
by M. Iqbal Wajid, iqbalwajid@yahoo.com
The History of Transportation The history of transport evolved with the development of human culture. A shoe is the basic and homely commodity used for traveling. Long distance walking tracks developed as trade routes in Paleolithic times. For most of human history the only forms of transport apart from walking were using domesticated animals or transport in small boats.
demonstrated by Marquis Claude Francois de Jouffroy d'Abbans - a paddle wheel steamboat. 1783 The Montgolfier brothers invent the first hot air balloons. 1787 Steamboat invented. 1769 First self-propelled road vehicle invented by Nicolas Joseph Cugnot 1790 Modern bicycles invented
3500 BC Fixed wheels on carts are invented - the first wheeled vehicles in history. Other early wheeled vehicles include the chariot. 3500 BC River boats are invented ships with oars. 2000 BC Horses are domesticated and used for transportation. 181-234 The wheelbarrow is invented. 770 I ro n hor ses hoe s i mp ro v e transportation by horse. 1492 Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines - with over 100 drawings that illustrated his theories on flight. 1620 Cornelis Drebbel invented the first su bmar in e - an hu man o ared submersible. 1662 Blaise Pascal invents the first public bus - horse-drawn, regular route, schedule, and fare system. 1 7 4 0 J a c q u e s d e V au c a n s o n demonstrates his clockwork powered carriage. 1783 First practical steamboat
1801 Richard Trevithick invented the first steam powered locomotive (designed for roads). 1807 Isaac de Rivas makes a hydrogen gas powered vehicle - first with internal combustion power however, very unsuccessful design. 1807 First steamboat with regular passenger service - inventor Robert Fulton's Clermont.. 1814 George Stephenson invents the first practical steam powered railroad locomotive.. 1862 Jean Lenoir makes a gasoline engine automobile. 1867 First motorcycle invented. 1868 George Westinghouse invents the compressed air locomotive brake enabled trains to be stopped with failsafe accuracy. 1871 First cable car invented. 1885 Karl Benz builds the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal combustion engine. 1899 Ferdinand von Zeppelin invents
the first successful dirigible - the Zeppelin. 1903 The Wright Brothers invent and fly the first engined airplane. 19 07 Ve ry fi rst helicopter unsuccessful design. 1908 Henry Ford improves the as se mb ly li n e fo r a ut om ob i l e manufacturing. 1908 Hydrofoil boats co-invented by Alexander Graham Bell & Casey Baldwin - boats that skimmed water. 1926 First liquid propelled rocket launched. 1940 Modern helicopters invented. 1947 First supersonic jet flight. 1956 Hovercraft invented. 1964 Bullet train transportation invented. 1969 First manned mission (Apollo) to the Moon 1970 First jumbo jet. 1981 Space shuttle launched. In 21st century new transportation machines accelerated the speed and span of human beings by shrinking time & space.....
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by Mohammad Shahzad
Exclusive Car Care - Article
The Engine, heart and power source of your car Do you know what really happens when you put your key in the ignition and start your engine? By turning your key, you bring to life a machine that harnesses the energy of burning fuel and air. The energy powers both your vehicle and all of its accessories that help make your driving a pleasure. Just as the human body converts the calories in food to energy, the engine can also be compared to their functioning to the systems of the body. Respiration enables us to bring in oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide. The engine also has an intake and exhaust system and one of the waste products of the engine cycle is carbon monoxide gas released through exhaust system. When we run fast, we breathe harder. Similarly, as a car’s speed increases so does its air intake. The lubricating system has a network which reaches all parts of the engine just as the human circulatory system nourishes every organ and limb. The oil is life blood of your engine and the filter acts like kidney for cleani ng and filtering process. Inside your engine are a series of round holes called cylinders. In these cylinders energy from the burning fuel and air supplies the power to run the engine. The cylinders are arranged in two basic formations. In most four-cylinder and some six-cylinder engines, the cylinders are set in a straight line. They are commonly called L4 L6 engines. In a V6 or V8 engine, the cylinders are arranged in two rows in a V formation; hence the name. No matter which arrangement
closes and the piston moves upward, squeezing the fuel and air mixture against the top of the cylinder. The spark plug ignites the mixture to create a small explosion. The burning gases expand, driving the piston downward. This action provides the power to drive the car. Burned gases escape when the other valve, the exhaust valve, opens and the piston comes up again to push out the burned gas. The exhaust valve then closes, the intake valve opens and the process occurs, in each cylinder in the right sequence. your car has, the cylinders are cast into a single assembly called the engine block.
The Piston and its Function Inside each cylinder is a part that looks like a small inverted pail. This is called the piston. There is a small gap between the piston and the cylinder – about the thickness of a sheet of newspaper. To keep burning gas from slipping through this gap, piston rings fit into grooves around the piston and press against the cylinder for a tight seal. Above each cylinder are two valves mounted in a cylinder head. The valves act like doors. One lets the fuel mixture in, the other lets it out. These valves must open and close at just the right time to make the engine run smoothly. First the intake valve of a cylinder opens and the piston moves downward to draw a mixture of fuel and air into the cylinder. The valve
Just Like Pedalling a Bike In order to drive the car, the up and down motion of the piston must be converted to rotary motion. This is what happens when you pedal a bicycle and how your legs movements convert your body energy into useful rotary motion to reach destination.
Piston Motion The up and down motion of your legs is like the up and down movement of the piston in the cylinder. In an engine, the piston moves a connecting rod. The upper end of the connecting rod fits on the piston and the lower end of the connecting rod fits on the crankshaft. The connecting rods turn the up and down motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft just as the pedals turn the up and down motion of the bicycle sprocket. The crankshaft has one crank (one for each pair of two
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Exclusive Car Care - Article
Without oil, the engine would very quickly destroy itself. Oil coats the engine’s moving parts with a film of lubrication. This lubrication helps cool and clean the engine and also decreases friction to prevent engine parts from wearing against each other by lubrication process.
cylinders in the V8), lined up from front to rear. The power to drive your car comes from the rotating crankshaft.
Engine Food: The fuel system. Just like the human body needs good food to eat and clean air (oxygen) to breath. The Engine has the same demand like food (Fuel) and clean air (oxygen) for energy. This demand is fulfilled by the fuel system which mixes air and fuel in proper ratio and inject into engine through inlet port for complete combustion with the help of spark plugs. In modern vehicles this is also called Fuel Injection system controlled by the computer for the right amount at the right time so that it emits less pollution.
Beat the Heat: The Cooling System. The cooling system is as necessary to the engine as sweating is to humans. We take bath or shower to cool down and maintain body temperature to stay at normal temperature and active. Ever experience a high body fever? What happened then, all parts of the body feel sick and tired and sometime too high fever may damage certain body organ and limb. Engine can suffer same as our body does, too high or too low temperature is not good for the engine. The cooling system plays a big roll to keep engine at normal operating temperature and maintain its life.
Engine Life Blood: The Lubrication System The modern engine, given reasonable
care, is designed to last the life of your car. One of the keys to long life engine is proper lubrication. Oil, the engine’s lubricant, is stored in an oil pan under the engine block. The engine itself drives an oil pump, which forces oil through passages and a filter to the working parts. The oil filter (like your kidney) helps keep the oil clean by removing dirt and other foreign matter. The demands on modern motor oils have never been greater. The newest engines are lighter, have lower compression ratios and run hotter to meet stringent requirements of lower emissions and better fuel economy w i t ho u t sac ri f ic e o f a d eq uat e performance. They do a great job but their lubrication demands are exacting. Hard working modern engines need the support of tough oils. Without oil, the engine would very quickly destroy itself. Oil coats the engine’s moving parts with a film of lubrication. This lubrication helps cool and clean the engine and also decreases friction to prevent engine parts from wearing against each ot her by lubrication process. Try a little experiment to see how this works. First, rub your dry hands together. Now put a little hand lotion over your hands. Rub them together and see how much more easily they move. The lotion acts as a lubricant film and makes your hands move easier. This is similar to what oil does for your car’s engine. Slow-flowing thick oils have high numbers; lighter free-flowing thin oils have low numbers. The thicker oils are primarily used for hot running summer conditions; thinner
oils for winter. The ‘W’ stands for winter and indicates winter-service suitability; it always appears with multi-grade classifications such as 5W20 or 10W30 (Check your owner manual for recommended oil grade for your engine) Oil viscosity alters with temperature. It will thicken with a temperature drop, thin with a rise. Multi-viscosity, or multigrade oils are designed to change relatively little over a wide range of operating temperatures, light enough for easy cold-cranking in winter, yet heav y en ough fo r sat i sf act or y performance at high temperatures. The Diesel Engine If you have a diesel engine you will find it is basically the same as the gasoline engine. The major difference is in the cylinder heads, combustion chamber, fuel injection system, pre-heat plugs, air intake manifold and method of ignition. Diesel ignition occurs because of heat developed in the combustion chamber during compression. This eliminates the need for spark plugs, high voltage ignition and carburetors. The diesel engine, of course, uses diesel fuel instead of gasoline. ....
Mohammad Shahzad is the Customer Management Operations Manager at Brimell Toyota/Scion in Toronto, On. Free advice for Automark readers, please email him at ask@automark.pk Next: Take a Break…to Test Your Brake
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by Muhammad Yakoob Gaziani
Exclusive Article
Light Emitting Diodes (LED) The Technological Revolution in Lighting Industry LEDs have several advantages over conventional incandescent lamps. For one thing, they don't have a filament that will burn out, so they last much longer. Additionally, their small plastic bulb makes them a lot more durable. They also fit more easily into modern electronic circuits. A light-emitting diode (LED) is an electronic component called as a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electric current passes through it. The light is not particularly bright, but in most LEDs it is monochromatic, occurring at a single wavelength. The output from an LED can range from red (at a wavelength of approximately 700 nanometers) to blue-violet (about 400 nanometers). Some LEDs emit infrared (IR) energy (830 nanometers or longer); such a device is known as an infraredemitting diode (IRED).
Light-emitting diode
Benefits of LEDs, compared with incandescent and fluorescent illuminating devices, include: • Low power requirement: Most types can be operated with battery power supplies. • High efficiency: Most of the power supplied to an LED or IRED is converted into radiation in the desired form, with minimal heat production. • Long life: When properly installed, an LED or IRED can function for decades.
Typical applications include: • Indicator lights: These can be two-
Red, pure green and blue LEDs of the 5mm diffused type Type Passive, optoelectronic Working principle Electroluminescence Invented Nick Holonyak Jr. (1962) Electronic symbol
Pin configuration Anode and cathode
state (i.e., on/off), bar-graph, or al phabe tic-numeric readouts . • LCD panel backlighting: Specialized white LEDs are used in flat-panel computer displays. • Fiber optic data transmission: Ease of modulation allows wide communications bandwidth with minimal noise, resulting in high speed
and accuracy. • Remote control: Most homeentertainment "remotes" use IREDs to transmit data to the main Muhammad unit. Yakoob Gaziani • O pto -isol at or: Stages in an electronic system can be connected together without unwanted interaction. Light is a form of energy that can be released by an atom. It is made up of many small particle-like packets that have energy and momentum but no mass. These particles, called photons, are the most basic units of light. Photons are released as a result of moving electrons. In an atom, electrons move in orbital around the nucleus. Electrons in different orbital have different amounts of energy. Generally speaking, electrons with greater energy move in orbital farther away from the nucleus. The photon's frequency is so low that it is invisible to the human eye -- it is in the infrared portion of the light spectrum. This isn't necessarily a bad
LEDs are produced in a variety of shapes and sizes. The 5 mm cylindrical package (red, fifth from the left) is the most common, estimated at 80% of world production. The color of the plastic lens is often the same as the actual color of light emitted, but not always. For instance, purple plastic is often used for infrared LEDs, and most blue devices have clear housings.
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Excllusive Article front, their lower cost in the long run can make them a better buy. LED lighting fixtures like this one may eventually replace incandescent bulbs entirely, but their higher initial cost is still a barrier for most households.
Advantages:
thing, of course: Infrared LEDs are ideal for remote controls, among other things. LEDs are used in everything from remote controls to the digital displays on electronics, visible LEDs are growing in popularity and thanks to their long lifetimes and miniature size. LEDs have several advantages over conventional incandescent lamps. For one thing, they don't have a filament that will burn out, so they last much longer. Additionally, their small plastic bulb makes them a lot more durable. They also fit more easily into modern electronic circuits. But the main advantage is efficiency. In conventional incandescent bulbs, the light-production process involves generating a lot of heat (the filament must be warmed). This is completely wasted energy, unless you're using the lamp as a heater, because a huge portion of the available electricity isn't going toward producing visible light. LEDs generate very little heat, relatively speaking. A much higher percentage of the electrical power is going directly to generating light, which cuts down on the electricity demands considerably. Per-watt, LEDs output more lumens of light than regular incandescent bulbs. Light emitting diodes have a higher luminous efficacy (how efficiently electricity is converted to visible light) than incandescents Up until recently, LEDs were too expensive to use for most lighting applications because they're built around advanced semiconductor material. The price of semiconductor devices has plummeted since the year 2000, however, making LEDs a more costeffective lighting option for a wide range of situations. While they may be more expensive than incandescent lights up
==> Efficiency: LEDs emit more light per watt than incandescent light bulbs. Their efficiency is not affected by shape and size, unlike fluorescent light bulbs or tubes. ==> Color: LEDs can emit light of an intended color without using any color filters as traditional lighting methods need. This is more efficient and can lower initial costs. ==> Size: LEDs can be very small (smaller than 2 mm2)and are easily populated onto printed circuit boards. ==> On/Off time: LEDs light up very quickly. A typical red indicator LED will achieve full brightness in under a microsec ond . LE Ds used in communications devices can have even faster response times. ==> Cycling: LEDs are ideal for uses subject to frequent on-off cycling, unlike fluorescent lamps that fail faster when cycled often, or HID lamps that require a long time before restarting. ==> Dimming: LEDs can very easily be dimmed either by an electronic circuit of pulse-width modulation or lowering the forward current. ==> Cool light: In contrast to most light sources, LEDs radiate very little heat in the form of IR that can cause damage to sensitive objects or fabrics. Wasted energy is dispersed as heat through the base of the LED. ==> Slow failure: LEDs mostly fail by dimming over time, rather than the abrupt failure of incandescent bulbs. ==> Lifetime: LEDs can have a relatively long useful life. One report estimates 35,000 to 50,000 hours of useful life, though time to complete failure may be longer. Fluorescent tubes typically are rated at about 10,000 to 15,000 hours, depending partly on the conditions of use, and incandescent light bulbs at 1,000–2,000 hours. ==> Shock resistance: LEDs, being solid state components, are difficult to damage with external shock, unlike fluorescent and incandescent bulbs, which are fragile. ==> Focus: The solid package of the LED can be designed to focus its light. Incandescent and fluorescent sources
often require an external reflector to collect light and direct it in a usable manner.
Disadvantages ==> High initial price: LEDs are currently more expensive, price per lumen, on an initial capital cost basis, than most conventional lighting technologies. As of 2010, the cost per thousand lumens (kilolumen) was about $18. The price is expected to reach $2/kilolumen by 2015. The additional expense partially stems from the relatively low lumen output and the drive circuitry and power supplies needed. ==> Temperature dependence: LED performance largely depends on the ambient temperature of the operating environment. Over-driving an LED in high ambient temperatures may result in overheating the LED package, eventually leading to device failure. Adequate heat sinking is needed to maintain long life. This is especially important in automotive, medical, and military uses where devices must op erate over a wi d e range of temperatures, and need low failure rates. ==> Voltage sensitivity: LEDs must be supplied with the voltage above the threshold and a current below the rating. This can involve series resistors or current-regulated power supplies. ==> Light quality: Most cool-white LED s have sp ect ra that di ff er significantly from a black body radiator like the sun or an incandescent light. The spike at 460 nm and dip at 500 nm can cause the color of objects to be perceived differently under cool-white LED illumination than sunlight or i n c an d e sc en t s o ur ce s, d u e t o metamerism, red surfaces being rendered particularly badly by typical phosphor-based cool-white LEDs. However, the color rendering properties of common fluorescent lamps are often
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by Mohammad Danish
New Technology - Review
THE WANKEL ROTARY ENGINE The Wankel engine is a type of internal combustion engine using an eccentric rotary design to convert pressure into a rotating motion instead of using reciprocating pistons. then a piston engine. It can also run on low octane fuel.
The Four Stroke cycle of a Wankel engine is illustrated below. INTAKE: The rotor flip-flops around the fixed gear with a motion like that of a hula hoop around a child’s waist. As one rotor tip passes the intake port, it creates a chamber of increasing volume and draws in the air-fuel mixture from carburetor.
COMPRESSION: The Wankel engine has no valves, pistons, connecting rods, or crankshaft. Instead, it uses a triangular rotor that revolves in a roughly oval chamber. The four stages of engine combustion, Intake, Compression, Power and Exhaust takes place on each of the rotors three faces as it rotates through the chamber. For clarity, the illustrations below show these events on only one face of the rotor. To grasp the full potential of the rotary engine, you must remember that the same sequence is occurring, in turn, on each of the other rotor faces. Each rotor has three power “strokes” for every revolution, and during each rotor revolution, the output shaft revolves three times. Engineers consider this the equivalent of two four stroke pistons, so the typical twin rotor Wankel can be compared to a four cylinder piston engine. While a twin rotor Wankel engine has only 7 major moving parts, a comparable 4 cylinder engine has more than 50 moving parts. For the power produced, a rotary engine is smaller, lighter, and potentially easier to produce
As the rotor continues to revolve, the second tip passes the intake port, sealing the fuel mixture in a chamber of decreasing volume. The compression ratio is lower than in piston engines, so very low octane fuel can be used.
setting up a production line to build Wankel Engines. Another was the high fuel consumption and pollution levels of the early rotary engine cars, although much progress has been made in these areas recently. Compared to the piston engine, Wankel is at a much more primitive stage of development: NSU ran the first experimental engine in 1957. With the press of meeting ever-changing fuel economy and anti-pollution regulations, most car makers have adopted a waitand-see attitude towards any completely new engine technology. Other firms have built rotary powered lawn mowers, motorcycles, outboards, snowmobiles and model airplane engines.. ..
POWER: Ignition causes fuel mixture to burn and expand, imparting energy to rotor for its power stroke as the size of the chamber again increases. Because of the long, flat shape of combustion chamber, most Winkles use two spark plugs.
EXHAUST: The leading tip of the rotor passes the exhaust port and leaves it opened for the burned gases to escape as the chamber decreases in size. For every revolution of the rotor, the eccentric flange and output shaft makes three revolutions. Although 20 companies hold licenses to produce Wankel Engines, only two built rotary powered cars in any numbers. MAZDA in Japan and AUDI in Germany. One reason is the cost of
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Car Care - Article
by Muneeb Jawed from NED Karachi
How to Protect the Interior of Your Car? Keeping your car’s interior looking and feeling great doesn’t have to be complicated. Here are a few tips about your cars natural enemies and some great ways to keep them at bay.
Sun Damage The sun is a pretty formidable foe when it comes to the interior of your car. Depending on your parking situation, your car could be exposed to sunlight anywhere from a few minutes to several hours each day. Over the life of your car, that exposure really adds up and can eventually lead to faded upholstery, a dry, cracked dashboard and even warping of the vinyl and plastic used on door panels and handles. So what can you do?
Tinted Windows Tinting your windows isn’t always cheap, but it certainly goes a long way in protecting the interior of your car. Window tinting film has come a long way since it first became popular, and is now pretty reliable in terms of lifespan and durability. In fact, a great tint job can last you between five and ten years, and if it starts to show signs of wear you can just replace it. There are limits to how dark you can tint your windows, though, so even with a good tint job your car’s interior is still exposed to some sunlight.
Window Shades
Tinted windows are great for when you’re driving around, but when you’re parked, why not block out all of the sunlight? Window shades are a cheap and easy way to accomplish just that. With folding or collapsing window shades for your windshield starting at just a few dollars, and roll-up shades for your passenger windows starting at just a little more, there’s no reason not to go all out in your defense against the sun. With your car’s interior protected from the majority of the sun’s damaging rays, it’s likely to stay in great shape throughout the life of the car.
Dirt, grime, scratches and tears Another enemy of your car’s interior is its passengers. Passengers track dirt, mud, oil and who knows what else into your car, which can leave stains on its upholstery and carpeting. In addition to tracking in dirt and grime, you and your passengers constitute a pretty considerable amount of routine wear and tear. Through loading and unloading cargo, spilling drinks or just being careless your passengers can quickly rack up quite a few stains, tears and scratches on your interior.
Floor Mats Floor mats are a great ally in protecting the carpeting of your car. While most
cars come with floor mats, many stock mats are significantly smaller than the surface of your car’s floor. Luckily, floor mats are affordable. It wouldn’t hurt to get some quick measurements of your car’s floor before looking for mats, that way you can make sure to get the biggest ones that will fit comfortably in the space. Remember, bigger mats mean smaller portions of unprotected carpet.
Seat Covers Seat covers are a great investment too, and go a long way in protecting your car’s upholstery from spills, scratches, and the wear and tear of normal use. Even if your seat covers see some hard times, it’s much cheap er to r eplace t hem t han reupholster your car or even pay for regular shampooing or steam cleaning.
As you can see it’s not all that tough to protect your car from yourself, your passengers, and the elements. With a little bit of an upfront investment, you can keep the interior of your car in great shape for years to come....
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International Automotive Sector - Update
China's Chery launches new Qoros brand
Chinese automaker Chery Automobile Co. and partner Israel Corp. are launching a new brand, seeking fresh appeal both overseas and in the slowing local market. The 50-50 joint venture Qoros Automotive Co., introduced Monday at Shanghai's former Expo zone, intends to be one of the first Chinese car makers to meet stringent 2013 Euro auto safety standards, the companies said. Chery and Israel Corp., an industrial holding company, originally launched their joint venture as Chery Quantum Auto Co., in 2007. Since then, the company has kept a relatively low profile. Originally, the plan was for Chery, one of China's biggest independ ent automakers, to contribute "in kind" as in many joint ventures, providing, for example, land or workers. But that vision has evolved to one of starting from scratch, said Volker Steinwascher, vice chairman of Qoros. Chery is now only a financial investor, leaving the company free to develop its own models and keep the brand separate. "You don't have to have any legacies," Steinwascher said in an interview.
Qoros plans to introduce its first model, a compact sedan, in China and Western Europe in 2013, executives said. After that, plans call for a hatchback, an SUV and then an electric vehicle. The name Qoros was a "new word meant to represent a company that stands for quality and works together like a chorus," the companies said in a statement. "People like brands and products they can be passionate about," Steinwascher said. "Quality, design, connectivity and simplicity, these are the key drivers of our brand," he said. Israel Corp. is Israel's largest holding company, with interests mainly in chemicals, shipping and energy. Chery, whose best-selling model is the compact QQ, and other domestic car makers have struggled to break through with brands of their own. Joint venture brands and foreign imports still account for about 70 percent of sales, with domestic car makers holding only 30 percent. A slowdown this year in vehicle sales, after years of double-digit growth, has proven a special hardship for some domestic makers already struggling with slender profit margins.
New Nano with more mileage Tata Motors has introduced the new Nano — touted as the people’s car, with a better fuel efficiency and more colour choices without changing the price. The 624- cc petrol engine-driven Nano now has an A uto mot iv e Re search Association of India (ARAI) certified 25.4 kilometre per litre mileageas against the earlier 23.6 kmpl. The car, considered as a volume puller is struggling in the market. The sales so far this year is 18% lower at 33,245 units. Tata Motors has been pulling out all stops to lift the sales of the Nano, the cheapest car, which faced tough challenges such as the shift of manufacturing location, production at a makeshift facility and incidents of the car catching fire. The company offered to install an additional safety protection in the car besides opening exclusive Nano sales
points and recruiting additional sales people. The launch of a revamped version is the latest in the series of such activities. What is now awaited is a diesel version of Nano, which is speculated to hit the market next year. At 25.4 kmpl, Nano is the most fuelefficient petrol car in India, Tata Motors claims. The company said that the Nano’s CO2 emission at 92.7 gm/km is the lowest among cars in India. Despite additional features, Tata Motors did not revise the price of the car. The price of Nano will remain the same – Nano Standard (Rs 1.4 lakh), Nano CX (Rs 1.7 lakh) and Nano LX (Rs 1.96 lakh) , ex-showroom Delhi. With eight new colours, the Nano will be available in 10 colours including red, blue, orange, green and gold......
Chery has not yet followed through with earlier projects of its own aimed at launching sales in the U.S. For now, Qoros has no plans for the American market, where prices are "extremely competitive" and product liability issues a big concern, Steinwascher said. The lack of powerful brand names and core technologies and the stringent safety standards in North America and Western Europe have prevented Chinese manufacturers from making strong inroads in those more mature markets, although they have expanded sales in emerging markets. Qoros is aiming high, intending to meet 2013 European 5-star quality levels of the NCAP, an agency that assesses car safety. Qoros is building a factory in Changshu, an industrial city west of Shanghai, that will have an annual capacity of 150,000 vehicles, which could expand in the future to 300,000. It has a research and development center in Shanghai....
Another Honda Accord Hybrid on way Honda just introduced a bevy of energyfrugal cars at the Tokyo Motor Show and vowed to cut carbon emissions by 30% from year 2000 levels on all its vehicles by 2020. But perhaps more interesting were remarks to reporters indicating that another Accord Hybrid is on the way, wire services reported. The model was discontinued in the U.S. after poor sales, mostly because it didn't save much gas because it modified a V-6, instead fourcylinder, engine. "For such a future, the most important challenge we need to address right now is the improvement of the efficiency of gasoline and diesel-powered internal combustion engines," said CEO Takanobu Ito. To get there, he says he hopes to modify gas and diesel engines and combine them with continuously variable transmissions, or CVTs. As a downpayment on Honda's greenness, he showed off the EV-ster concept, an electric rear-wheel-drive two-seater convertible sports car......
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International Automotive Sector - Update
Chinese auto major JAC eyes India entry The battle in the Indian automobile industry is set to intensify with Chinese auto maker Jianghuai Automobile Company (JAC) planning to launch commercial vehicles as well as passenger cars. “India would be one of the key markets for JAC. To begin with, we are looking at introducing commercial vehicles, but eventually we’ll launch passenger cars as well,” said a spokesperson. He did not specify a timeline for an entry but indicated it was open to collaborations to sell products. “We will probably make an independent entry in India, but may co-operate with existing players, depending on the situation,” he said. JAC, founded in 1964, is the eighthlargest automobile company in China. The company sold 460,000 units to clock revenue of $2 billion last year. It aims at recording growth of 30 per cent this year to sell 600,000 vehicles. The volumes are comparable with what India’s second-largest car maker, Hyundai Motor India Ltd, targets to sell this financial year. JAC has a comprehensive line-up of vehicles in China, which includes light, medium and heavy duty trucks, buses, multi-purpose vehicles and sedans. JAC also manufactures gearboxes, engines, auto components and engineering products. The company recently launched an electric vehicle, Tong Yue, in the Chinese market. With India slated to become the fourth
largest automobile market globally over the next five years, Chinese companies such as Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) and Beiqi Foton have all been evincing interest in commencing operations in the country. “A lot of cross-pollination will take place between the automobile industries in India and China. SAIC has already made an entry and manufacturers such as JAC and Beiqi Foton are working out the modalities of starting operations. These companies have products that are a strategic fit for the Indian market. Some of them have already made enquiries regarding the vendor base available for starting operations here,”said an industry source. SAIC, present through a partnership with General Motors, is working on introducing five new models in the country by 2013. While two light commercial vehicles from the SAIC portfolio are slated to hit the Indian
Nissan Leaf electric wins Japan car of the year Japanese motor giant Nissan won Car of the Year Japan at the Tokyo Motor Show on for its Leaf electric model, its makers said, the first time an electric vehicle has picked up the award. Electric cars with cutting-edge green technology and vehicles remotecontrolled by smartphones have been a star feature at this year's show, which runs till December 11 and features 179 exhibitors from a dozen countries. "Nissan is proud to announce that its 100 percent electric Leaf car has won the Japanese Car of the Year prize,"
Japan's second-largest automaker said in a statement. The Nissan Leaf electric is a zeroemission vehicle fitted with rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Since its launch on the market at the end of last year, some 20,000 models have been sold, notably in Japan and in the US. "All these accolades show that zeroemission vehicles can clearly be competitive alternatives to conventional ones," Nissan President and CEO Carlos Ghosn said..-AFP
roads by the end of this year, another three passenger cars are proposed from the GM-SAIC alliance at a later date. In May, Beiqi Foton had announced an investment of Rs 1,676 crore to set up a facility in western Maharashtra. The company is exploring options to sell light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles here. Foton Motor, a subsidiary of Beijing Automobile Group Co Ltd, is the world’s second-largest commercial vehicle manufacturer after Daimler. The company sold 682,800 vehicles in 2010. Recent times have witnessed a buzz in the Indian commercial vehicle segment, which clocked sales of 6,76,408 units last financial year, with the entry of global players like Navistar and Marcopolo, among others. While the commercial vehicle segment recorded growth of 27 per cent last year, passenger vehicle sales grew 29 per cent to 2.52 million units.....
Japan Vehicle Sales Increase In November Japan's new vehicle sales climbed 24.1 percent in November from a year earlier, t he Japan Auto mobi le Dealers Association said Thursday. However, this was weaker than the October sales growth of 28.3 percent. In November, 252,236 units were sold in Japan, the dealers said. Sales of passenger cars were 23.9 percent higher than a year earlier. Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association reported Wednesday that automobile production increased 20.3 percent annually in October to 904,247 units. Production was down 4.5 percent in September.....
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Automotive Sector - Update
Young Pakistani man lives for his passion for toy cars There was a time when different hobbies and healthy activities were part of lives of children, youths, elders and women. Hobbies like collecting post tickets, coins, book reading, collecting greetings cards and colorful marbles were craze for people. Globalization has changed the interests of youths, children, women and older people, but still there is a man who is fond of collecting toy cars. Aamir Ashfaq, a 39-years Pakistani, runs his own business, but with craze for model cars in his mind he is always in search of cars every time he visits a market. Aamir is a resident of Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore the historical city of Islamic Republic of Pakistan.He has collected more than 4,000 model cars of 45 different brands. He claims his collection is the largest collection of model cars in Pakistan. Since then whenever he visits a market, shopping mall and a store his eyes keep searching model and die cast cars. His collection of toy cars is especially attractive. Doors, hoods, trunks and fuel caps that open, ashtrays that slide out and glove compartments that work are some of the features of these cars. Some models of cars even have hanging ignition keys and removable hood pins. Most have working car steering and suspension with real materials used in the interiors. He possesses cars of numerous brands, including Matchbox, Hot Wheels, Majorette, Corgi, Johnny Lightening, Burago, Tomica, Jada Toys, Real Toy, Norev, Maisto, Welly, Siku and Kinsmart, which are manufactured in USA, England, Germany, Italy, France, Greece, Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand,
Malaysia, China, Thailand, Taiwan and Macao. Talking to AutoMark magazine he said, “Die cast car collection is my childhood passion and I enjoy my passion for these cars. I love every single part about these street machines.” He said and added that he loved the sound, speed and especially the looks of these rolling masterpieces. “Inspiration for these cars will never escape from my mind,” he added. Aamir has not faced any resistance from his parents regarding his passion since his childhood. He said, “I really thank my parents for their efforts for polishing my passion. They never refused whenever I asked for a toy car.” He said he remembered his childhood days. “Whenever I went to a mart, first of all I would pick up a toy car and look towards my parents who never di sappointed me,” he recalled. I have also given my interviews on GEO, ARY One World and City42 TV channels and shared my passion also through Valuemag and Daily DAWN. My uncles, aunts and cousins lived abroad also had their contributions and I received toy cars each time their visit to Pakistan. I am thankful to all of them for their valuable shares. I would like to clear one thing here that it was much difficult to collect a huge
number of die cast cars in Pakistan because of their non-availability. At present, it is easy and affordable due to China. He said that during his early childhood, he also used to be a mechanic of toy cars like every child and toy cars, in his possession, hardly survived for few months. He said, “Above all, I have models of Mercedes Benz, BMW, Audi, Porsche, Volkswagen, Lamborghini, Ferrari, Fiat, Peugeot, Renault, MG, Austin Martin, Land Rover, Range Rover, Honda, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Suzuki, Isuzu, Mazda, Toyota, Lexus, Subaru, Ford, Hyundai, Mini Cooper, Jaguar, Bugatti, Hummer and many more. Aamir further said, “I have collection of old cars as well that can be best described as antique cars...
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Car / Light Vehicle Price List
SUZUKI
HONDA
Model Model MEHRAN VX 800cc MEHRAN VX (CNG) 800cc MEHRAN VXR MEHRAN VXR (CNG) ALTO VXR ALTO VXR (CNG) SUZUKI SWIFT 1.3L DLX SUZUKI SWIFT 1.3L DX STD CULTUS Efi VXRI CULTUS Efi VXRI (CNG) LIANA 1.3L RXI MT PETROL LIANA 1.3L RXI MT (CNG) RAVI PICKUP ST308R VX RAVI PICKUP ST308R VX CNG BOLAN VAN VX Petrol BOLAN VAN VX CNG BOLAN VAN VXR PETROL BOLAN VAN VXR CNG SUZUKI VAN CARGO APV 1.5L JL SX MT (CBU) APV 1.5L JL DX MT (CBU) JIMNY JLX SX CBU (SN) JIMNY JLX DX CBU (SN)
Price Price Rs. 495,000 Rs. 556,000 Rs. 547,000 Rs. 605,000 Rs. 707,000 Rs. 771,000 Rs. 1,131,000 Rs. 1,031,000 Rs. 905,000 Rs. 965,000 Rs. 1,232,000 Rs. 1,301,000 Rs. 522,000 Rs. 586,000 Rs. 574,000 Rs. 640,000 Rs. 633,000 Rs. 701,000 Rs. 550,000 Rs. 1,909,000 Rs. 1,984,000 Rs. 1,924,000 Rs. 2,073,000
Price Rs. 5,599,000 Rs. 6,317,000 Rs. 1,399,000 Rs. 1,540,000 Rs. 1,758,000 Rs. 1,950,000 Rs. 1,878,000 Rs. 2,028,000
TOYOTA COROLLA Model Model XLI VVT-i M/T 1299cc Petrol GLI VVT-i M/T 1299cc Petrol GLI VVT-i A/T 1599cc Petrol XLI VVT-i 1299cc ECOTEC GLI VVT-i 1299cc ECOTEC 2.OD STD 2000cc 2.OD SALOON MT 2.OD SAL SUNROOF ALTIS 1.6L Dual VVT-i MT ALTIS 1.6L Dual VVT-i MT SUNROOF ALTIS 1.6L Dual VVT-i AT Cruisetronic ALTIS 1.6L Dual VVT-i AT SUNROOF
Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Price Price 1,444,000 1,574,000 1,739,000 1,569,000 1,699,000 1,574,000 1,829,000 1,934,000 1,789,000 1,879,000 1,879,000 1,969,000
Hilux Pickup 4x sc
CHEVROLET Model CHEVROLET JOY CNG CHEVROLET JOY Petrol
Model Price Honda CRV Automatic 2400cc Japan Honda Accord Automatic 2400cc Japan Honda City Manual 1300cc HYUNDAI Honda City Automatic 1300cc Honda Civic VTI Manual 1800cc Honda Civic VTI Manual SR (Oriel) Honda Civic VTI Prosmatec 1800cc Honda Civic VTI Prosmatec SR (Oriel)
Model Price Rs. 569,000 Rs. 539,000
Price
Brand New Toyota Hilux Pickup, 4x2, Single Cabin, (Local Assembled) Standard Model
Rs. 1,614,000
Hilux Pickup 4x4 D/C
Karakoram Motors Model Chery Standard Petrol Chery Standard CNG Chery Deluxe Petrol Chery Deluxe CNG Gonow Victor Gonow Troy Standard Gonow Troy Deluxe Gilgit (Double Cabin) Pet. Gilgit (Double Cabin) CNG Kaghan XL Petrol Kaghan XL CNG
Price Rs. 7,20,000 Rs. 7,70,000 Rs. 7,70,000 Rs. 8,20,000 Rs. 1,499,000 Rs. 9,99,000 Rs. 1,049,000 Rs. 3,85,000 Rs. 4,20,000 Rs. 1,285,000 Rs. 1,375,000
Model Toyota HILUX 2494cc, Diesel Turbo Charger Common Rail Engine, 4x4 Double Cabin - Standard Model
DAIHATSU Model CUORE CX CX ECO (CNG) CX ECOMATIC
Price Rs. 2,489,000
LAND ROVER
Price Model Price DEFENDER Rs. 8,24,000 STATION WAGON 90 Rs. 3,560,000 Rs. 8,74,000 STATION WAGON 110 Rs. 3,960,000 Rs. 9,35,000 Soft Top 90 Rs. 3,336,000
Price updated December- 2011
AUTOMARK MAGAZINE
Automotive Sector - Update
Glimpses Pakistan Auto Parts Show-2011 Lahore 24-26 October-2011
Monthly Automark | December-2011 | Page 47
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AUTOMARK MAGAZINE
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MADE MADEIN INPAKISTAN PAKISTANMOTORCYCLES MOTORCYCLES PRICE LIST LIST RETAIL PRICE
70cc Motorcycle
Sr./ Product & No. Model Name 1. Aan AI-70 2. Asia Hero AH-70 3. Bionic AS-70 4. Crown Lifan CRLF-70 5. Challenger BA-70 6. Diamond SD-70 7. Dhoom YD-70 8. Eagle DG-70 9. Ghani GI-70 10. Guangta GT-70 11. Grace CT-70 12. Hero RF-70 13. Hero RF-70 Plus 14. Habib HB-70 15. Honda CD-70 16. Hi-Speed SR-70 17. Jinan JN-70 18. Leader LD-70 19. King Hero KH-70 20. Moon Star MT-70 21. Master MD-70 22. Metro Hi-Tech MR-70 23. New Asia NA-70 Price updated Nov-2011
Retail Price Rs. 42,500/= Rs. 41,000/= Rs. 41,000/= Rs. 42,000/= Rs. 40,000/= Rs. 40,000/= Rs. 49,000/= Rs. 39,000/= Rs. 45,000/= Rs. 41,000/= Rs. 41,000/= Rs. 46,000/= Rs. 47,000/= Rs. 41,000/= Rs. 66,500/= Rs. 42,000/= Rs. 40,500/= Rs. 40,500/= Rs. 40,500/= Rs. 40,500/= Rs. 40,500/= Rs. 44,800/= Rs. 40,000/=
Sr./ No. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
Product & Model Name Pak Hero PH-70 Raftar KM-70 Ravi Premium R1 Ravi Hamsafar-70 Road Prince RP-70 Royal Star RS-70 Royal RL-70 Racer AS-70 Safari SD-70 Sakai SK-70 Star DL-70 Sohrab JS-70 Sonica SM-70 Super Asia SA-70 Super Star SS-70 Super Power SP-70 Super Power Delux Toyo TG-70 Target TT-70 Unique UD-70 Union Star US-70 United US-70 Zxmco ZX-70
Monthly Automark | December-2011 | Page 48
Retail Price Rs. 42,500/= Rs. 42,000/= Rs. 47,000/= Rs. 43,000/= Rs. 41,000/= Rs. 41,000/= Rs. 42,500/= Rs. 41,500/= Rs. 40,000/= Rs. 39,000/= Rs. 39,900/= Rs. 41,500/= Rs. 42,400/= Rs. 39,500/= Rs. 41,500/= Rs. 40,500/= Rs. 45,000/= Rs. 41,000/= Rs. 40,000/= Rs. 42,000/= Rs. 42,000/= Rs. 40,000/= Rs. 42,000/=
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MADE IN PAKISTAN MOTORCYCLES PRICE LIST
125cc Motorcycle No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Brand & Model Name Habib HB-125 Sitara ST-125 Super Star SS-125 Super Star SS-125 DLX Hero RF-125 Honda CG-125 STD Honda CG-125 DX Metro MR-125 Ravi Storm-125 Euro II
Retail Price Rs. 88,000/= Rs. 55,000/= Rs. 54,000/= Rs. 59,000/= Rs. 75,000/= Rs. 91,000/= Rs. 112,000/= Rs. 77,000/= Rs. 78,000/=
Yamaha Motorcycle Product & Sr./ Model Name No. 1. Yamaha YD100 2. Yamana Yama4 3. Yamaha YB100 Royale
Retail Price Rs. 77,600/= Rs. 73,700/= Rs. 75,200/=
100cc Motorcycle No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Brand &Model Name Ghani GI-100 Habib HB-100 Honda CD-100 Sitara ST-100 Super Star SS-100 Super Power SP-100 Unique UD-100
Retail Price Rs. 55,500/= Rs. 55,000/= Rs. 75,000/= Rs. 55,000/= Rs. 50,500/= Rs. 55,000/= Rs. 60,000/=
Suzuki Motorcycle Sr./ No. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Product & Model Name Suzuki Sprinter ECO Suzuki Sprinter STD. Suzuki GS-150 Suzuki Shogan
Monthly Automark | December-2011 | Page 49
Retail Price Rs. 69,400/= Rs. 72,900/= Rs. 91,000/= Rs. 82,000/=
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