Comparison of Life-Cycle Maintenance and Rehabilitation Costs for Typical Pavement Systems

defect. Place and recompact the subgrade and pavement layers to ensure a uniform continuous surface, rout and seal the repair joint with the surrounding asphalt concrete.

Mill AC: Addresses surface defects such as oxidation, low severity cracking and smoothness prior to the placement of one or more new asphalt layers. Typical equipment includes PPE, broom, milling machine and a truck to transport millings off-site. Mill the surface of the asphalt concrete to the depth specified, reserving the millings for potential recycling, sweep and clean the surface in preparation for a new layer of asphalt concrete.

Resurface AC: Normally follows a milling operation to provide a smooth pavement surface and possible increase in pavement structural capacity. Typical equipment includes PPE, asphalt paver, truck to deliver asphalt concrete and appropriate roller compaction equipment.

Materials include emulsified asphalt tack coat and hot mixed asphalt concrete. Sweep the pavement surface if necessary and place and compact the asphalt concrete in one or more layers as appropriate.

Common Concrete Maintenance and Rehabilitation Activities Reseal Joints: Restores longitudinal and transverse joints in concrete pavement. Remove partial or all concrete joint sealants and replace with material in kind. Typical equipment includes PPE, and equipment depending on the type of sealant used. Materials needed include hot-poured rubberized asphalt, silicon or pre-formed neoprene sealant.

Partial Depth Concrete Repair: Repair for local surface defects such as spalling, and corner cracking. Typical equipment includes PPE, chipping hammer, high pressure air hose, spray washer, concrete mixer, and surface texturizing equipment such as a tine or broom. Materials include water, expansion board, joint sealant, cement slurry or other bonding agent and concrete. Remove spalled or cracked concrete using a light jack chipping hammer, clean the surface of the exposed concrete using high pressure air/spray washing, coat the bottom and sides of the repair area using a cement slurry or other bonding agent, re-establish any joints in the repair area and pour concrete having similar coefficient of thermal expansion as the surrounding concrete, cure and surface texturizes.

Full Depth Concrete Repair: Replacement of part or entire concrete panels where the distress is such that localized repairs would be ineffective. Typical equipment required includes, PPE shovel, sledge hammer, axe, pry bar, rake, pick, broom, concrete saw, jackhammer, truck to remove debris, plate compactor, trowel, jointer tool, screed board, bull float, hand float, tining tool and broom. Materials typically include expansion board, concrete and joint sealant. Some agencies may also include dowels in construction joints, and if so, would require steel dowels, drilling equipment and epoxy sealant to fill the space between the dowels and the drilled concrete. Sawcut edges of the concrete/panels to be replaced, jackhammer, remove and -8-