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IDAHO COUNTY FREE PRESS
interizing North Central Idaho
Fear of
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 21, 2015
HERE’S A TIP: MOW LEAVES, DON’T RAKE
Frost
Keep garden growing through fall’s chill
he fear of frost and failure doesn't have to stop you from enjoying a fruitful fall garden. With the right plant choices and a few tricks, producing a hefty harvest can be easy.
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A few facts about frost Frost occurs when temperatures drop enough to condense and freeze the moisture in the air. In fall, when air temperatures sink, it's common to find frost layering the ground, leaves and crops. Frost may occur frequently in the fall before the ground really becomes frozen - known as a hard freeze. While a hard freeze generally heralds the end of the growing season and frost can harm warm weather crops like oranges, some veggies actually do very well and taste better - when nipped by frost. By stocking your fall garden with frost-loving varieties, you can ensure your garden remains victorious and bountiful right up to the first hard freeze. When you consider the many advantages of fall gardening, frost shouldn't be feared. Cooler temperatures mean you'll have a more comfortable experience while working in the garden, and you'll have fewer insect pests and weeds to deal with.
FREE PRESS / DAVID RAUZI
Mow, don’t rake, those fall leaves. This will save you time and improve your lawn. The leaves add organic matter and nutrients to the soil. As long as you can see the grass leaves through the shredded leaves your lawn will be fine. Or shred and collect the leaves in your bagger and add them to your compost, dig into annual gardens to improve the soil, or use as mulch around perennials in the garden.
Energy, assistance info by mail this year for area H&W clients
Frost-friendly choices Clear out the remnants of summer plantings and debris and get the ground ready for fall favorites like spinach, cabbage, collards and kale. These hearty, leafy vegetables actually like the chilly weather and can stand up to some frost. Certain root veggies, such as radishes and turnips, also do well in cooler temperatures. All are packed with nutrients, so you can plant them knowing you'll be filling your dinner table with fresh, nutritious, great-tasting veggies this fall.
Get a good start When planning your fall garden, time is of the essence. Start with well-established, vigorous plants. Starting out with more mature plants not only allows you to get your fall garden growing faster, it helps ensure your vegetables are strong enough to endure unexpected or extreme temperature variations. And remember to choose short-season varieties that will produce quicker in fall's shorter growing season.
When frost arrives Growing veggies in the right spot can make a big difference. Choose a location for your garden that gets plenty of sun, especially in the morning when you'll want plants to quickly shake off overnight chill. Planting in a raised bed also helps insulate plants and their tender roots from ground freezes. Container gardens are also great for fall; when a severe frost or hard freeze threatens, you can bring plants inside, overnight for protection. Sometimes you may want to cover plants against extreme cold. One option is a cold frame. Typically constructed of wood and glass or plastic, the frame sits over plants like a portable mini greenhouse. You can build your own - an online search will yield plenty of how-to plans - or purchase a prefabricated one. For less severe situations, turning a pot or bucket upside down over tender young plants can be enough to shield them from cold.
BY LORIE PALMER IDAHO COUNTY FREE PRESS ondering where that information is on heating and winterization? This year, local Health and Welfare clients will be contacted directly about energy and weatherization assistance programs offered through Community Action Partnership (CAP). Energy assistance helps income-eligible persons with electricity, propane, oil and wood heat. Household eligibility is based on income and benefit amounts are determined by the household’s historical energy usage.
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In addition, CAP manages a weatherization program year round for income-eligible families within Idaho’s 10 northernmost counties including Idaho County. This program is designed to reduce heating and cooling costs for incomeeligible families, particularly the elderly, people with disabilities and children, by improving energy efficiency within their homes while addressing health and safety concerns. This program provides energy efficiency measures that are tailored to each home and are designed for maximum cost-savings in energy conservation. “There are a lot of changes this year, includ-
Have paperwork ready Applicants must be prepared to provide the following information at the time of their application: • Names and birth dates for all household members • Proof of social security numbers for all household members (SS cards or statement from SSA) • Heating energy vendor name and account number (bulk fuel, gas or electric bill) • Electric vendor name and account number (electric bill) • Verification of residence address (bill with home address) • Income verification for the previous 3 months by pay date, not pay period (pay stubs, SS/SSI award letters, etc.)
ing the fact that Idaho Health and Welfare will be providing a list to mail out a notice to all their clients who are eligible because of the services they already receive,” explained Sharon Presnell in the Lewiston office. Anyone whose address is current in the system who is receiving food stamp assistance should receive a notice in the mail that tells
them how to apply. “We expect to serve 5,000-6,000 people in our region in 30 days time,” Presnell said. In Grangeville in 2015, approximately 270 people were helped through the CAP energy assistance program. Another 200 in the Kamiah area were given assistance. CAP offices are present in both those communities. No appointments will be necessary as the mailing will provide paperwork to be returned. CAP will start with seniors and the disabled, then those with children 5 and younger. No help will be offered until Nov. 1. For those not in the system or new to the area, office appointments will begin in January 2016. CAP’s energy auditors are skilled, state-certified professionals who are trained to conserve energy and save money. The measures which may be addressed fall into five major categories including health and safety, heating efficiency, infiltration, conduction and repairs. • For income guidelines and other details on CAP’s programs, log onto WWW. CAP4ACTION.ORG. Applications for CAP programs are also available on-line. In Grangeville the CAP office is located at 117 West North Street, 983-0437. In Kamiah, 615 4th Street, 935-2412.
Run over vehicle checklist before winter Replace your windshield wipers: Motorists should replace their front and back window wiper blades every six months. After the extreme heat of this past summer, wiper blades are likely to be dried out and brittle and won’t clear the windshield adequately. Check your tire pressure: As the temperature drops, so will the pressure in your tires. This can make for unsafe conditions and reduces fuel efficiency. Prepare a winter driving kit: This should include: food, water, flashlight with fresh batteries, small snow shovel and brush, traction mats, ice scraper, booster cables, warm blanket, flares or triangle warning devices, heavy gloves, window washing solvent and first aid kit.
Check the level of your engine oil: Top off if you’re low and have it changed based on the recommendation in your vehicle’s owner’s manual. Clean your battery terminals: Wearing gloves and eye protection, use a solution of baking soda and water to loosen up corrosion and clean with a wire brush.
Clean your windows and lights. Increase your safety by cleaning the windows inside and out and your headlights and taillights. Check your lights: Make sure none of your light bulbs have burned out, including your emergency and interior lights. Make sure your gas cap seals: A loose gas cap can reduce your fuel efficiency and cause a warning light to turn on. Consider buying tire chains: If you don’t have all-season tires and will likely have to drive in the snow this year, it’s a good idea to purchase tire chains. Read your vehicle’s owner’s manual: This will tell you when maintenance should be scheduled on your vehicle and the specs of your tire pressure, tire size, engine oil, etc.
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October 21, 2015
Postfire management:
What to do this fall, winter for safety of family, livestock
After the fires Postfire/postdrought management:
Grazing management practices can help buffer consequences BY SYDNEY YUNCEVICH, RANGELAND SPECIALIST NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION SERVICE his summer has been a particularly long and dry one. On top of that, many have lost their pastures to fire. Your grazing management practices can help buffer the consequences of drought and fire. In order to keep your pastures in good condition and producing the best quality of feed, there are a number of principles to keep in mind.
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Plant Needs • Grass plants need to have enough leaves in order to capture sunlight, grow and then store food in the root system. The leaves are basically the food factory. The roots anchor the plants to the soil, take up water and nutrients, and if healthy, enable the plant to survive stress from drought, fire, cold, heat, and grazing. During drought, and fire recovery, healthy root systems are essential to extract the remaining soil moisture. • Regrowth is delayed when a grass plant is grazed too close to the ground. It uses up root reserves to recuperate. If continually grazed too close the plant becomes weaker and weaker. As the roots become weaker, they can be easily pulled up by the grazing animal. Death for the plant can result. During a drought, the plant is under additional stress of not having
enough water to grow. When burned by fire, all the leaves have been removed and the plant has to start over. Heavy grazing plus drought plus fire creates a “triple whammy” on the plant. • A good rule of thumb in grazing is the “take half, leave half” principal. Graze a pasture so that half of the current year’s growth has been eaten. Take the animals off when they have reached this point. This is generally about four inches of stubble
in northern Idaho. Turn animals out on a pasture when the perennial leaf height is at least six-eight inches. • Animals can safely graze the regrowth on grass plants when the grass has recovered from either grazing or fire. This means the plant has built back up its root reserves and has green leaf to spare. For many of the grass plants in this area, that means when the green leaves regrow six-eight inches. Animals should be removed when the stubble height is no less than four inches. This will provide protection to the plant for the winter and have it ready for growing in the spring. • One of the most effective and fastest ways to achieve a healthy pasture is to allow periodic growing season rest. This means allowing the grass plant to grow until it produces seed. This doesn’t have to happen every year.
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You have been evacuated – maybe more than once. Now it’s time to go home. The most important management activities you can do this fall are those that ensure the continued safety of your family and livestock.
Remove hazards Use extreme caution when entering burnt areas; hazard trees are common and can fall without warning. Areas where root systems have burned often leave ash pits; fill them in or fence them off. Repair fencing so livestock stay out of hazard areas and off of busy roadways.
mine burn severity. You will most likely have a mosaic of burn severities across the landscape. Determining burn severities helps to predict tree mortality, soil conditions, erosion potential, and noxious weed establishment.
Mitigate erosion
Management planning
To be safe, assume that all drainages in steep, hilly areas are capable of carrying debris flows. Burned soils can also develop water repellent layers which increases runoff. Identify areas that will likely erode and use straw bale check dams or other barriers to control flooding this fall and winter. Grass seeding is a commonly used rehabilitation method. If you decide to seed grass, know that the success of this treatment is highly dependent on the timeliness of seed application, choice of seed, applicator skill, protection from grazing, and luck. Often times, the most successful grass crops are often where they are needed the least – at the bottom of the hill.
This winter, planning next year’s management activities – it will be time well spent. • Noxious weeds should be expected. Burnt areas with little to no vegetation will be especially susceptible to weed establishment, as will areas
that previously had weeds. • Salvage logging operations recover the value of damaged trees and remove hazards. Salvage cuts should be done as soon as possible after a burn – by year three, much or all of the value is lost. • Reforestation is the process establishing new stands of trees on a previously forested site. Seedlings will be in huge demand for the next few planting seasons – order ASAP to get the numbers and species of trees suitable for your site. The Idaho Forest Practices Act includes reforestation standards. Contact your local Idaho Department of Lands office for clarification on particular laws.
Additional information: After the Burn: Assessing and Managing Your Forestland after a Wildfire, available online on the UI Extension Forestry website at HTTP:/WWW.UIDAHO.EDU/EXTENSION/FORESTRY
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Drive safely around ITD snowplows
HERE’S A TIP: WINTER TRAVEL Idaho County winter driving holds its own special challenges. Avoid problems from both mechanical issues and driver error with the following tips: Avoid driving while you’re fatigued. Getting the proper amount of rest before taking on winter weather tasks reduces driving risks. Do not use cruise control when driving on any slippery surface (wet, ice, sand). Always look and steer where you want to go. Never mix radial tires with other tire types. Keep your gas tank at least half full to avoid gas line freeze-up.
FREE PRESS / DAVID RAUZI
Home renovations can help reduce asthma, allergy triggers This is the peak season for do-it-yourself projects, and there are plenty of considerations to take into account with any project, including space and budget. But you also need to think about the people who will be enjoying this space with you, especially if any of them suffer from allergies or asthma. To help you create the best environment for them, the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA) offers these helpful tips from its asthma & allergy friendly certification program: • Shut the door on bad cabinets. If you're looking to add or replace your cabinets, you may be considering common options like pressed wood, particleboard or composite boards. These
materials, however, often release high levels of volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde. To make your new cabinets more suitable for the asthma and allergy sufferers in your home, talk to manufacturers about low-VOC options instead. • Keep the moisture out. Mold and mildew is a common trigger and can make breathing difficult for asthma and allergy sufferers. These hazards grow from excess moisture in your home, which comes in through the doors or windows. New windows offer energysaving benefits, and updating the weather stripping on your windowsills and doors can reduce the presence of moisture - thus reducing mold and mildew
concerns. • Get serious about your air. No one appreciates indoor air quality more than allergy and asthma sufferers. An updated heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system can improve each breath everyone takes. If you plan to update your home's HVAC system, opt for one with a replaceable or washable filter-making it easier to control the indoor air quality. This is also a great time to make sure air ducts in your home are unobstructed and large enough to circulate air effectively. • Find fabulous floors. If you have considered replacing your flooring this year, hardwood floors are very styl-
ish right now. Additionally, wood floors are also more asthma and allergy friendly than wall-to-wall carpet. Cover your new hardwood floors with small, washable area rugs for a more breathable environment everyone can enjoy. And for those rooms where carpeting still exists, remember to vacuum the space weekly and clean up any spills immediately. • Waterproof your home. Leaky pipes, water in the basement or even on the walls - moisture like this can be a source of mildew, as well as indicate a general waste of money and potential cause of greater damage. These issues should be addressed immediately before water damages your home or mold and mildew become a serious problem.
Home remodeling projects: are you adequately insured? Winter is a perfect time for home remodeling projects. Building an office, bedroom or an extra bay in your garage are great ways of modifying your home to suit your growing personal needs. As you add to your home, however, talk with your insurance agent or company to make sure you are still adequately insured so you’re fully protected against a covered loss. Depending on the addition or improvement, you may need to increase your level of coverage. Some homeowners may be tempted to save $5 or $10 a month by not in-
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forming their insurance companies about changes they’ve made. That approach can have severe financial consequences if you have a large fire or other major loss. The following tips can help you adequately insure your remodeled home so you can avoid one of the common pitfalls of home improvement projects: • If you’ve recently remodeled your home or built an addition, contact your agent or company immediately to determine if you need to increase or change your coverage.
• If you’re planning a remodeling project, contact your agent or company before construction begins. If your new addition is damaged or destroyed before the new coverage starts, you may be responsible for the repairs and rebuilding costs. • If you’re hiring a contractor, make sure the company has Workers Compensation. Ask for a copy of the policy. Workers Compensation covers medical expenses and lost wages if workers suffer injuries on the job. They could sue you if the contractor doesn’t have the
proper insurance. • Make sure the contractor is properly insured, bonded and registered through the State of Idaho. Check references to verify the quality of the contractor’s work. • If you buy additional items such as furniture, exercise equipment and electronics, you may need to increase your coverage for personal possessions. Talk with your insurance agent or company. Keep the receipts, take pictures of the new items and keep them with your home inventory.
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Grazing: Continued from Page 2C
Animal Needs • Pastures that are kept in good condition will provide high quality forage for the grazing animal. Those pastures where ap-
propriate use levels have been adhered to, will often have better forage when a drought occurs or will recover faster after a fire. That’s because healthy plants have roots which are able to extract moisture needed for growth. • Resting one pasture during
the growing season and keeping it for the fall, will also act as a “grass bank,” giving the animals a place to come when forage is scarce in other pastures. Animals forced to hunt for forage on very short grasses will not be getting the nutrition they need. The year following drought or
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Idaho Transportation Department (ITD) reminds motorists to use caution when traveling the state’s highways during inclement weather and to cooperate with highway workers clearing the roadways. When driving near snowplows keep a few safety tips in mind: • Remain two car lengths behind snowplow trucks for every 10 mph you drive. Sand being spread by trucks can damage your vehicle. • Do not pass a snowplow unless it is absolutely necessary. If you must pass, do so only when you can clearly see the road ahead. Do not pass on the side where the plow is spraying snow. If you do, the snow’s force can knock your car out of control. • Do not cut back immediately in front of a snowplow truck. The plow blades are often covered with snow and can be difficult to see. • Do not brake suddenly if you are traveling in front of a snowplow. The heavy vehicle cannot stop as quickly as an automobile. • Do not abandon your car unless it is absolutely necessary. However, if you must, leave it as far off the road as possible. Abandoned cars can interfere with the road clearing process and can be extremely hazardous to snow removal equipment and the operators if they are hidden or buried by snow. • Be aware of potential icy areas such as shady spots, bridges and overpasses. Since they are exposed on their undersides, bridges and overpasses are deprived of ground warmth and freeze more rapidly than the roadways leading to them. For highway and weather conditions call the Idaho Traveler Information Service at 5-1-1. For online updates, visit 511.IDAHO.GOV.
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October 21, 2015
Extend the harvest into fall, winter with vegetables, herbs ome of us in Idaho County didn’t get enough gardening in this season. However, there is still time to grow garden-fresh vegetables and herbs this fall and winter.
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Purchase transplants and seeds that will grow and flourish in the cooler fall and winter temperatures. Lettuce, spinach, Swiss chard, root vegetables, edible pansies and calendula as well as cole crops, like broccoli, are a few to consider. Those gardening in colder regions need to select short season crops such as lettuce, spinach and radishes that will mature before extremely cold winter temperatures set in. Extend the fall
garden season into winter with the help of floating row covers, cold frames and portable greenhouses. Many of the elevated garden systems now have built-in cold frames or row cover attachments to make extending the season much easier. Try container and elevated gardens to extend the growing season and increase your enjoyment. These contained gardens allow you to plant herbs, vegetables and flowers anywhere. Place a few right outside the front door or on the balcony for fun and convenience. Plus, contained gardens can easily be moved to a sheltered location or covered and protected from frost.
Or move your garden indoors. Select vegetables and herbs that can tolerate the less-than-ideal indoor growing conditions. Greens, onions and root crops, like radishes and short carrots, will
grow in a sunny window. Expand your selection with the help of artificial lights. Basil, oregano, thyme, sage, parsley, chives and of course mint are a few favorite herbs to grow on your kitchen or other sunny windowsill. Increase your harvest with the help of artificial lights or try an indoor tiered grow light stand to save on space. Take cuttings from healthy herbs growing in the garden, purchase new
transplants or start herb and vegetable plants from seeds. Take four-inch cuttings from healthy herbs. Remove the lowest set of leaves and place the cut end in a well-drained potting mix. Once rooted, plant the herbs in individual containers or mixed with other herbs in a windowsill planter. Start the seeds in a flat, in individual pots or directly in a planter. Keep the rooting mix warm and moist until the seeds sprout. Move to a sunny location or under artificial lights as soon as the seedlings break through the soil. Wait until the seedlings develop two sets of leaves and then transplant them into their permanent planter, if needed.
Get jump on summer with fall yard work Fall is the time of year when many do-it-yourself gardeners wind down their activity and begin to think about closing up the shed for the season. However, early fall is a great time to plant trees, shrubs, and some annuals as well as to plan a winterizing strategy.
Early fall is the time to • Plant spring perennial bulbs such as daffodils, tulips and narcissus, as well as fall or winter annuals such as mums and pansies. • Plant trees, shrubs, and grasses. • Pull weeds. Do it now and you’ll have fewer weeds next season. • Rake and remove the leaves in the yard to avoid damage to the grass so you can enjoy a healthier lawn next summer.
Late fall is the time to • Give trees and shrubs a deep watering after the leaves on the trees drop and just before turning off the outside water for the season. • Cut most perennials back close to the ground. • Wash garden sprayers with soapy water before storing. • Clean, oil, and sharpen gardening tools before storing for the season. • Shut off water lines to the outside before the first freeze.
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Robert’s Tree Service crews took down these trees near Grangeville Elementary/Middle School on South Idaho Street in 2013.
Fall, winter time to examine trees for stress, prune Fall and winter are actually good times to examine any tree for areas of stress and to prune most non-flowering trees. Potential hazards and tree problems are not always obvious to the untrained eye. Damaged tree limbs can split or break in the treetops, and branches of all sizes can come crashing down at any time, especially during high winds. That’s why trees should be checked from the bottom up, preferably by a professional tree care maintenance busi-
ness, to determine the full extent of any possible damage. Trees become dormant in the winter, making pruning easier. Without leaves, it is easier to spot dead or broken branches that need to be removed to prevent breakage coming in harsh winter weather. Deciding what and where to prune involves an understanding of basic tree biology, sharp tools, and an artful eye. • Prune with a purpose — To remove dead or diseased
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