Fluid Power Journal March/April 2018

PNEUMATIC SOLUTIONS FOR MOLDING PET BOTTLES

MA

RC

| AEROSPACE QUALITY FITTINGS

www.fluidpowerjournal.com

H/A PR IL

20 18

ISSUE FEATURES

INJECTION

MOLDING

VACUUM

TECHNOLOGY Innovative Designs & Publishing • 3245 Freemansburg Avenue • Palmer, PA 18045-7118

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HYD1801-1957 CIRCLE 101

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IN THIS ISSUE

45

M A R C H /A P R I L 2 0 18 VOLUME 25 • ISSUE 3

Features 8

NEWLY DEVELOPED: Pneumatic Solution Ensures Model Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles

10

REVISIONS COMPLETED for 4-screw Hydraulic Flange Connections Standards ISO 6162/J518

29

20 HOLD IT DOWN VACUUM CLAMPING

Departments

24 Advantages & Applications of

AEROSPACE QUALITY FITTINGS 38 COMPRESSED AIR

Water Problems

4

NOTABLE WORDS

40 DIGITAL Displacement Pumps

6

RESEARCH TO WATCH

12 IFPS UPDATES

42 Ensure TEMPERATURE AND VISCOSITY Compatibility 45

TAKE YOUR BEST SHOT Enter the 2018 Fluid Power Photo Contest before the March 31st deadline!

19 FIGURE IT OUT

24

22 ECONOMIC REPORT 26 LITERATURE REVIEW 29 NFPA UPDATES 32 PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT 46 CLASSIFIEDS

PUBLISHER’S NOTE: The information provided in this publication is for informational purposes only. While all efforts have been taken to ensure the technical accuracy of the material enclosed, Fluid Power Journal is not responsible for the availability, accuracy, currency, or reliability of any information, statement, opinion, or advice contained in a third party’s material. Fluid Power Journal will not be liable for any loss or damage caused by reliance on information obtained in this publication.

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CIRCLE 478

NOTABLE WORDS

PUBLISHER

Fluid Power:

An Evolutionary Industry, Served by a Progressive Society (IFPS) BISHWAJIT RANJAN, PE, CFPE, CFPS

INNOVATIVE DESIGNS & PUBLISHING, INC. 3245 Freemansburg Avenue, Palmer, PA 18045-7118 Tel: 800-730-5904 or 610-923-0380 Fax: 610-923-0390 • Email: AskUs@ifps.org www.FluidPowerJournal.com Founders: Paul and Lisa Prass Associate Publisher: Bob McKinney Editor: Gerald Irving Technical Editor: Dan Helgerson, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPSD, CFPMT, CFPCC - CFPSOS LLC Art Director: Quynh Vo Eastern Region Account Executive: Norma Abrunzo Western Region Account Executive: Maggie Wu Director of Creative Services: Erica Montes Accounting: Donna Bachman, Debbie Clune Circulation Manager: Andrea Karges

INTERNATIONAL FLUID POWER SOCIETY

The speed of evolution in the fields of science and technology has been rapid.

While it took Apollo-11 seventy five hours to reach the Moon in 1969, New Horizon zipped past the Moon in 2006 in just 8 hours & 35 minutes. There was a time when setting up land lines in hilly areas in the remote countryside was considered a major challenge. Then, with the invention of mobile phones, even the need for land lines was eradicated.

CHALLENGE FOR FLUID POWER In today’s world, while the innovation and proliferation of new technologies is happening at lightning speed, the way for the fluid power industry to ensure it does not lose its edge and remains competitive is to keep up with the latest technology and exploit the available innovations in favor of advancing the various aspects of fluid power. Synchronizing and upgrading fluid power systems to meet the demands of increased safety, productivity, and efficiency is the basic necessity today, while, at the same time, incorporating the latest technology for more accurate feedback devices, user friendly Human Machine Interface (HMI) screens, and the ability to access the data remotely helps in up keeping, fast troubleshooting and optimizing the best mode of cost-effective maintenance of fluid power systems, whether it’s preventive, predictive or reactive.

INCORPORATING OLD AND NEW Yet I remember working on a project a few years ago, aimed at improving the productivity and accuracy of an old closed die press by multifold via introduction of a robotic cell, efficient furnaces and automated controls for infeed and outfeed logistics. After commissioning of the robotic cell, it was realized that while the team was overwhelmed with design, erection, and commissioning of the new robotic cell, the existing conventional hydraulic system was somehow overlooked. In order to perform in the most optimized manner, new robots would need exactness of position, force, and continuous feedback. This realization resulted in further extension of the project time and cost for the upgrade of the press hydraulic system with closed loop servo controlled actuators, absolute position feedback system, pressure feedback, and advanced communication of the press hydraulic system with the newly introduced robotic logistics.

VALUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FLUID POWER SOCIETY The reason for citing these examples from my personal experience is to show the value which International Fluid Power Society (IFPS) offers to the industry. While IFPS provides fluid power personnel a common platform to share the best practices across the industry and post problems, Fluid Power Journal stimulates the brains of readers by teaser problems & columns like “Watts It All About.” Besides this, IFPS also does

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MARCH/APRIL 2018

1930 East Marlton Pike, Suite A-2, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003-2141 Tel: 856-489-8983 • Fax: 856-424-9248 Email: AskUs@ifps.org • Web: www.ifps.org 2018 BOARD OF DIRECTORS President & Chairperson Dean Houdeshell, PE, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPE, CFPS, CFPIHT, CFPMHT, CFPMHM - Cemen Tech Inc. Immediate Past President Richard Bullers, CFPPS - SMC Corporation of America First Vice President Timothy White, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPMIH, CFPMMH, CFPMIP, CFPMT, CFPMM - The Boeing Company Treasurer Jeff Kenney, CFPIHM, CFPMHM, CFPMHT - Hydradyne, LLC Vice President Certification Denis Poirier, Jr., CFPAI/AJPP, CFPCC, CFPHS,CFPIHM - Eaton Corporation - Hydraulics Group Vice President Marketing & Public Relations Scott Nagro, CFPS - HydraForce, Inc. Vice President Education Kenneth Dulinski, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPECS, CFPHS CFPMIH, CFPMMH Macomb Community College Vice President Membership & Chapter Support Rocky Phoenix, CFPMHT, CFPMHM - Open Loop Energy DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE Chauntelle Baughman, CFPHS - OneHydrauics, Inc John A. Bibaeff, Jr., PE, CFPS - Lamb Services, Inc. Randy Bobbitt, CFPHS - Danfoss Power Solutions Elisabeth DeBenedetto, CFPS - Argo-Hytos Brandon Gustafson, PE, CFPE, CFPS, CFPIHT, CFPMHM - Graco, Inc. Jeffrey Hodges, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPMHM - Altec Industries, Inc. Sam Kaye, CFPS, CFPSD, CFPMT, CFPMM, CFPMIH CFPMMH, CFPMIP Ensign Energy Services Lynn Nordquist, CFPS - Skarda Equipment Company Robert Post, CFPHS - AFS Technology Edwin Rybarczyk, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS - NTT Training Scott Sardina, PE, CFPAI, CFPS - Waterclock Engineering Mohaned Shahin, CFPS - Parker Hannifin HONORARY DIRECTORS John Groot Robert Sheaf, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPE, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPMT, CFPMIP, CFPMMH, CFPMIH, CFPMM IFPS STAFF Executive Director: Donna Pollander, ACA Communications Manager: Adele Kayser Client Data Manager: Sue Dyson Business Development Manager: Pat Maluso, CFPAI Assistant Director: Jeana Hoffman Certification Logistics Manager: Susan Apostle Bookkeeper: Diane McMahon Administrative Assistant: Beth Borodziuk Fluid Power Journal (ISSN# 1073-7898) is the official publication of the International Fluid Power Society published bi-monthly with four supplemental issues, including a Systems Integrator Directory, OffHighway Suppliers Directory, Tech Directory, and Manufacturers Directory,

by Innovative Designs & Publishing, Inc., 3245 Freemansburg Avenue, Palmer, PA 18045-7118. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part of any material in this publication is acceptable with credit. Publishers assume no liability for any information published. We reserve the right to accept or reject all advertising material and will not guarantee the return or safety of unsolicited art, photographs or manuscripts.

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

the very important work of standardizing the talents through various certifications, which provide a sense of accomplishment to the fluid power personnel, while also providing a sense of confidence to employers, colleagues, and customers while dealing with someone who has been recognized by an authoritative body in the field of fluid power.

After my two decades of association with the International Fluid Power Society, and particularly the last two years as a member in the Board of Directors, I realize the effort that is meticulously administered by the team in bringing the industry together, onboarding the best talent available in the industry for the benefit of all the members, and continuously upgrading the relevant manuals, books, and certification test questions, so that all of these are always contemporary.

Some significant accomplishments during my term in the board are upgrading the Hydraulic Manual, reintroduction of Electronic Control Specialist, successful organization of the EEHPC conference, and merging of FPEF to NFPA to ensure better utilization of the funds. These mile-

Committee members, and staff members who leave their badges aside and take up the challenge for the larger cause to keep the industry thriving.

The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination.

- Albert Einstein

stones are clear evidence of the dynamism and strength of IFPS. It’s also worth mentioning that I was moved by the passion and enthusiasm in the work at IFPS shown by the Board of Directors,

MEETING THE FUTURE Of course, in the coming years there will be stringent requirements for safe, reliable, high response systems and components, there will also be the necessity to meet these expectations and benchmark new standards via the convergence of smart technologies into conventional systems and manufacturing. However, with all the dedicated talent currently available in the fluid power industry, bright and young talent being added every year, and with IFPS serving as a kind of launching pad for them, I am very optimistic and assured that the future of the industry is promising. I am sure that collectively we will convert our challenges into stepping stones and the fluid power industry will soar to new heights.

I would like to conclude with these great words as put by Albert Einstein. “The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination.”

Finally I wish you and your family a very happy and safe year 2018 .

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MARCH/APRIL 2018

5

RESEARCH TO WATCH

This column will bring you the progress of the pre-competitive research being conducted at member universities that are part of the CCEFP network. This research will help give insight into the future direction of fluid power.

The Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power (CCEFP) holds a monthly forum, highlighting research, workforce, and special topic presentations.

CCEFP is a network of fluid-power-research laboratories, academic faculty, graduate and undergraduate students at nine universities. It is also a National Science Foundation Research Center. For more information on CCEFP, visit www.ccefp.org.

Since 2014, the National Fluid Power Association (NFPA) Foundation has supported and is helping to expand the pre-competitive fluid-power-research activities of the CCEFP, dramatically increasing the number of institutions and students impacted by its research program. For more on NFPA, visit www. nfpa.com/aboutnfpa/ missionfocus.aspx.

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MARCH/APRIL 2018

Controlled Stirling Power Unit PRESENTED BY: SETH THOMAS, A STUDENT AT VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY. PROJECT LEADER: ERIC BARTH, PROFESSOR OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING INSTITUTION: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY

PURPOSE As the scope of the market for mobile robots and exoskeletons broadens, the need for longer-lasting, lighter-weight power sources to facilitate autonomous operation of these devices increases. To address this need, this project is developing a completely silent, high energy density, efficient and portable fluidpower supply using a Controlled Stirling Power Unit. The Stirling device can use a number of highly energy-dense, flexible fuels for available heat sources, such as butane, methane, natural gas, propane or any form of waste heat to create hydraulic or pneumatic fluid power in an easily scalable design.

PROGRESS A controlled Stirling power unit has been developed to serve as a compact, portable, fluidpowered actuation system. The hydrocarbon fuel drives a power extraction unit by converting the absorbed heat to oscillatory pressure energy.

Additionally, the controlled Stirling power unit is silent (whisper level dBA). The testing and development of prototypes continue.

Experiments measured heater head temperature, average engine pressure and displacer frequency, and compared the use of helium and air. The unit is now in its 2nd generation prototype. The changes in this generation include using air instead of helium as the working fluid (helium is difficult to seal, whereas air is more practical), moving from a linear motor to a drive-shaft setup in order to increase the frequency of the oscillating displacer piston, and using a multistage model instead of a single-stage model since the multi-stage is a better design for air and the higher frequency oscillations.

NEXT STEPS For the 2nd generation prototype, the model predictions for the multi-stage unit will be experimentally verified; the model will continue to be refined, and a back-of-the-envelope performance equation akin to the Beale equation (which characterizes the performance of Stirling engines) will be produced. The power output and efficiency of a series and parallel

multi-stage thermocompressor will be compared with those of off-the-shelf compressors. For the 3rd generation prototype, partnerships will be secured, and an additively-manufactured prototype will be designed for production at a national lab for incorporation into an exhaust gas manifold.

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

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CIRCLE 481

NEWLY

PNEUMATIC SOLUTION

ENSURES MODEL POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) BOTTLES

By Xavier van Aelst Director Food & Beverage, AVENTICS

pneumatic solution from Aventics allows users to monitor the pre-blow molding process in the production of PET bottles online, in real time, and immediately make any necessary adjustments.

PHOTO Š AVENTICS

The new solution is based on proportional technology. By combining a proportional valve, control electronics, and software, the solution records the actual values occurring during the process and compares them with the set points. The set points for this step can either be stored in the electronics or transmitted via all common real-time Ethernet protocols and fieldbuses.

During a blowing period of around 200 milliseconds, enough control cycles are available to precisely control bottle formation. This allows process technicians to intervene as needed, for example, to reduce material consumption and fine-tune the formation of the bottle wall. Additional energy savings are possible by lowering the pressure level or reducing the furnace temperature.

Process data taken from the analysis can be used to derive continual improvements. At the same time, quality documentation is carried out in order to safeguard and track the process. In addition, trend analyses of the data enable the detection of wear before a failure can

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MARCH/APRIL 2018

occur. Condition monitoring notifies maintenance early on to be able to carry out the necessary work in planned maintenance breaks.

The electro-pneumatic solution also meets new requirements in bottle production resulting from the trend towards more and more complex PET bottle shapes and smaller batches. As a software-based solution, the bottle formation process can be changed easily, without any mechanical alterations, and specific to each blowing station on the machine. The software can also automatically control process events, for example, reaching the yield point and target bottle volume, according to specifications, and keeping them constant, provided no wear limits have been reached. Once saved, parameters for a bottle type or specific material can be opened and activated at any time, significantly reducing waste during start of production. In close collaboration with product designers, the software developers validated numerous sample settings during the pilot production phase of new bottles.

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

MARCH/APRIL 2018 CIRCLE 482

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LIST OF CHANGES FROM THE PREVIOUS VERSION ISO STANDARDS AWARENESS FOR FLUID POWER PROFESSIONALS

Revisions Completed

FOR 4-SCREW HYDRAULIC FLANGE CONNECTIONS STANDARDS

BY ROBERT MACKEY, SAE J518 STANDARD CHAMPION, ISO 6162 US LEAD EXPERT MAIN MFG. PRODUCTS, INC., INFO@MAINMFG.COM

T

he importance of these standards was shown when representatives of several countries mentioned that ISO 6162/J518 was used in about 70% of all hydraulic flange applications. SAE J518 was proposed and adopted in the early 1950’s. The design was originally written using fractions of an inch. There were several small modifications (8 revisions) over the next 40 years until 1993. For the next 20 years, no revisions were made. This was because ISO was working on a similar standard and major changes were expected. With the publication of ISO 6162-1 and 6162 and the latest revision of SAE J518, those changes are here.

History of the Standard

Three proposals were made in the 1980’s: a US proposal (ISO 6162), a German proposal (ISO 6164), and a French proposal (ISO 6163). In 1998, work on the French design stopped, the US proposal was published, and the German proposal was published (but is currently going through significant change).

The delay was the result of much discussion at the international level over standards on screws, O-ring and groove dimensions, and appropriate design factors for all standards. Round robin testing was done on several design elements and sizes. The revisions of ISO 6162 and SAE J518 published around January 2012 differed significantly from their previous versions. ISO 6162-2 is currently reaching the final stages of another revision incorporating additional changes and corrections.

Need for US Participation

Three people from the US delegation for connectors attended the last ISO meeting held in Europe.

Ideally, we would like 4 -5 US delegates to attend these meetings in person. If you want your company (and the U.S.) to have a voice, your participation is necessary.

The ISO connector meetings in the U.S. are held in conjunction with the SAE connector meetings. There are generally two meetings in the U.S., one in March and one in September. These meetings typically last for 1-3 days. Sometimes arrangements can be made to attend remotely. A convening of international meetings is also held once a year and lasts from 1-3 days, depending on which meetings you attend.

Please contact Denise Rockhill at NFPA (drockhill@nfpa.com) for more information.

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THE STANDARD IS SPLIT INTO TWO SECTIONS; ISO 6162-1/J518-1, WHICH IS CODE 61, AND ISO 6162-2(J518-2) WHICH IS CODE 62.

This allows additional sections to be added. SAE J518-3 (two-bolt flange) has already been added and three additional sections are in the pipeline (connector blocks and 50-63MPa flanges). These have not been taken up to the ISO level yet.

THE STANDARDS ARE WRITTEN IN METRIC UNITS. The current drafting convention uses Cartesian Coordinates. The committee is discussing switching to Geometric Tolerancing (GD & T) in the standard to measure unambiguously a single split flange in a meaningful way after it has been split.

Many GD & T symbols are used in the standard currently. Both the SAE and ISO committees are looking for input on this issue.

THE LISTED DESIGN FACTOR CHANGED FROM 2.5:1 TO 4:1.

The actual design factor for split flanges was about 3:1 or greater with Grade 5 screws. In the past, a lower design factor was considered acceptable for commercial iron and steel connections. The parts were out of a ferrous material and, due to the preloading, not subject to much cyclic loading.

Changing the design factor required higher screw preloads (torques) and Grade 8 (10.9) screws. The committee discussed having two maximum-rated working pressures depending on the screws. The problem was assuring applications requiring higher ratings maintained the use of Grade 8 (10.9) screws.

It was felt that only having Grade 8 (10.9) screws was the best solution.

ISO METRIC SCREWS WERE ADDED AND SCREW CLEARANCE HOLE SIZES WERE HARMONIZED TO ACCOMMODATE BOTH INCH AND METRIC SCREWS. This will allow the use of these flanges with metric screws around the world with minimal additional inventory. Users should ensure that metric screws used conform to the actual ISO standard, as some suppliers provide screws that conform to a similar, but withdrawn DIN standard and claim that the screws are equivalent. Several DIN sizes have different head sizes, and these differences can cause problems.

SEVERAL OTHER CHANGES WERE MADE THAT ARE TRANSPARENT TO THE USER. They include additional tolerances and changes to the O-ring groove (radii at the bottom). An identification groove was added to the Code 62 flange heads. In ISO 6162-2 (2012), the groove is shown incorrectly. It is being revised at ISO and is correct in SAE J518-2 (4-2017). A part numbering system was introduced in the early revisions. It is currently being changed to match the new ISO standard on part-numbering systems.

THE -40 AND -48 (2½” AND 3” DN 64 AND DN 76) WERE ADDED. SAE J518-2 has these added, as well, and allows inch screws to be used where the ISO 6162-2 does not.

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

VESTusa.com VESTusa.com CIRCLE 476

Certification Really Does Empower Opportunity Many individuals in our industry are familiar with the progression of IFPS Certifications (i.e. Hydraulic Specialist + Pneumatic Specialist = Specialist.) IFPS also has a certification path for you to achieve an advanced credential, no matter where you start in the industry.

Looking at the Certification Pathways below, you will see our individual, stand-alone certifications indicated in a box. Your certification resume will build as you complete certifications to the right, left, above or below those listed in the boxes; the end results in a Master designation for which there is no separate certification test, but which is awarded as the result of successful completion of the individual certification tests shown along the path in the diagram below.

IFPS CERTIFICATION PATHWAYS TO MASTER DESIGNATION Individual, stand-alone certification

MASTER OF INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULICS MIH

MASTER OF MOBILE HYDRAULICS MMH

Master (advanced) certification achieved (no test required)

MASTER OF INDUSTRIAL PNEUMATICS MIP

VERTICAL PATH stays within an industry HORINZONTAL PATH crosses industries

=

=

INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC TECHNICIAN IHT

MOBILE HYDRAULIC TECHNICIAN MHT

+

=

+

PNEUMATIC TECHNICIAN PT

+

+

+

INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC MECHANIC IHM

MOBILE HYDRAULIC MECHANIC MHM

PNEUMATIC MECHANIC PM

+

+

+

+

+

CONNECTOR & CONDUCTOR CC

CONNECTOR & CONDUCTOR CC

CONNECTOR & CONDUCTOR CC

=

MASTER TECHNICIAN MT

=

MASTER MECHANIC MM

IFPS CERTIFICATION PATHWAYS TO SPECIALIST DESIGNATION HYDRAULIC SPECIALIST HS

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+

PNEUMATIC SPECIALIST PS

=

FLUID POWER SPECIALIST S

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

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• Hose Size Range 3/16” (4mm) Through 1” (25mm) Optional Features Include: • Marking System for Hose Stem Insertion Depth • Mark also means that Hose or Tube was Cleaned and Projectile is Verified and no longer in Hose or Tube • Mark applied on Hose Cover Simultaneously with Verification of Projectile

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Newly Certified Professionals JANUARY 2018 CONNECTOR AND CONDUCTOR (CC)

Neil Berray, The Boeing Company ENGINEER (E)

Joseph Fisher, DRS Sustainment Systems, Inc. Stephen Madgwick, Kanamk Hydraulics Ehren Polheber P.E., Scot Forge Company ELECTRONIC CONTROLS SPECIALIST (ECS)

Robert Crowder, Altec Industries, Inc. Elizabeth Walker, Altec Industries, Inc. HYDRAULIC SPECIALIST (HS)

Donald Allegretti III Cory Davis, Progressive Power & Controls, Inc. Timothy Hall, Georgia Pacific Michael Ryan, Parker Hannifin Rishika Shekhawat, John Deere Commerical Products

INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIT TECHNICIAN (IHT)

Robert Collens

MOBILE HYDRAULIC MECHANIC (MHM)

David Boykin, First Energy Corp.

Samuel Bryant, Altec Industries, Inc. Steven Caldwell, American Electric Power Co. Michael Duran, Altec Industries, Inc. Mike Hall, First Energy Corp.

Todd Klinger, Ohio Edison Co.

Dale Knapp, The Illuminating Co. David Krejci, Ohio Edison Co Anthony Latta, First Energy Corp.

Jeffrey Morgan, First Energy Corp.

Aaron Ordak, Ohio Edison Co Paseuth Ouanemala, Altec Industries, Inc. Jason Patterson, Ohio Edison Co Christian Perez, First Energy Corp.

Taylor Roberts, American Electric Power Co. Chase Tharp, Altec Industries, Inc. William Thelen, Altec Industries, Inc. PNEUMATIC SPECIALIST (PS)

Nicklaus Bates, IMI Precision Engineering David Goetz, IMI Precision Engineering Anthony Haines, IMI Precision Engineering James Veazie, IMI Precision Engineering Paul Wise, IMI Precision Engineering SYSTEM DESIGNER (SD)

Chris Holzbauer, Michels Corporation

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CERTIFY YOUR WORKFORCE IN 2018

Positions Sensors for Hydraulic Cylinders say goodbye to drilling pistons!

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SAVE THESE DATES!

IFPS 2018 Annual Meeting September 17-20, 2018 Williamsburg, Virginia IFPS 2019 Spring Meeting February 25-28, 2019 New Orleans, Louisiana IFPS 2019 Annual Meeting September 23-27 2019 Seattle, Washington

MARCH/APRIL 2018

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Certification Testing Locations Individuals wishing to take any IFPS written certification tests can select from convenient locations across the United States and Canada. The IFPS is able to offer these locations through its affiliation with The Consortium of College Testing Centers (CCTC) provided by National College Testing Association (NCTA).

To register for a written certification test: 1. Fill out an IFPS certification test application including your desired location by visiting www.ifps.org.

2. Submit your application with payment to IFPS headquarters.

3. Upon receipt of your application, you will be e-mailed instructions.

TESTING DATES FOR ALL LOCATIONS: March 2018 Tuesday, 3/6 • Thursday, 3/22 April 2018 Tuesday, 4/3 • Thursday, 4/19 May 2018 Tuesday, 5/1 • Thursday, 5/17 June 2018 Tuesday, 6/5 • Thursday, 6/21 July 2018 Tuesday, 7/3 • Thursday, 7/19 August 2018 Tuesday, 8/7 • Thursday, 8/23 September 2018 Tuesday, 9/4 • Thursday, 9/20 October 2018 Tuesday, 10/2 • Thursday, 10/18

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ALASKA Anchorage, AK Fairbanks, AK ALABAMA Auburn, AL Birmingham, AL Huntsville, AL Jacksonville, AL Mobile, AL Montgomery, AL Normal, AL Tuscaloosa, AL ARIZONA Flagstaff, AZ Glendale, AZ Mesa, AZ Phoenix, AZ Prescott, AZ Safford, AZ Scottsdale, AZ Sierra Vista, AZ Tempe, AZ Thatcher, AZ Tucson, AZ Yuma, AZ ARKANSAS Bentonville, AR Hot Springs, AR Little Rock, AR CALIFORNIA Aptos, CA Arcata, CA Bakersfield, CA Encinitas, CA Fresno, CA Irvine, CA Marysville, CA Riverside, CA Salinas, CA San Diego, CA San Jose, CA San Luis Obispo, CA Santa Ana, CA Santa Maria, CA Santa Rosa, CA Yucaipa, CA COLORAD0 Aurora, CO Boulder, CO Colorado Springs, CO Denver, CO Durango, CO Ft. Collins, CO Greeley, CO Lakewood, CO Littleton, CO Pueblo, CO DELAWARE Dover, DE Georgetown, DE FLORIDA Avon Park, FL Boca Raton, FL Cocoa, FL Davie, FL Daytona Beach, FL Fort Pierce, FL Ft. Myers, FL Gainesville, FL Miami Gardens, FL New Port Richey, FL

Orlando, FL Panama City, FL Pembroke Pines, FL Pensacola, FL Plant City, FL Sanford, FL Tampa, FL Winter Haven, FL GEORGIA Albany, GA Athens, GA Atlanta, GA Carrollton, GA Dahlonega, GA Dublin, GA Dunwoody, GA Lawrenceville, GA Morrow, GA Oakwood, GA Statesboro, GA Tifton, GA Valdosta, GA HAWAII Laie, HI IDAHO Boise, ID Coeur d ‘Alene, ID Idaho Falls, ID Lewiston, ID Moscow, ID Nampa, ID Rexburg, ID Twin Falls, ID ILLINOIS Carbondale, IL Carterville, IL Champaign, IL Decatur, IL DeKalb, IL Edwardsville, IL Elk Grove, IL Glen Ellyn, IL Joliet, IL Malta, IL Peoria, IL Springfield, IL INDIANA Bloomington, IN Evansville, IN Fort Wayne, IN Gary, IN Indianapolis, IN Kokomo, IN Lafayette, IN Lawrenceburg, IN Madison, IN Muncie, IN New Albany, IN Sellersburg, IN South Bend, IN Terre Haute, IN IOWA Ames, IA Cedar Rapids, IA Iowa City, IA Ottumwa, IA Sioux City, IA Waterloo, IA KANSAS Lawrence, KS Manhattan, KS Wichita, KS

KENTUCKY Bowling Green, KY Covington, KY Highland Heights, KY Louisville, KY Morehead, KY LOUISIANA Bossier City, LA Monroe, LA Natchitoches, LA New Orleans, LA Thibodaux, LA MARYLAND Arnold, MD Bel Air, MD Frederick, MD Hagerstown, MD La Plata, MD Westminster, MD Wye Mills, MD MASSACHUSETTS Boston, MA Bridgewater, MA Danvers, MA Haverhill, MA Holyoke, MA MICHIGAN Ann Arbor, MI Big Rapids, MI Dearborn, MI Dowagiac, MI East Lansing, MI Flint, MI Grand Rapids, MI Kalamazoo, MI Lansing, MI Livonia, MI Mount Pleasant, MI Sault Ste. Marie, MI Troy, MI University Center, MI Warren, MI MINNESOTA Brooklyn Park, MN Eden Prairie, MN Granite Falls, MN Mankato, MN Morris, MN MISSISSIPPI Goodman, MS Mississippi State, MS Raymond, MS University, MS MISSOURI Cape Girardeau, MO Cottleville, MO Joplin, MO Kirksville, MO Park Hills, MO Poplar Bluff, MO Rolla, MO Sedalia, MO St. Joseph, MO St. Louis, MO Warrensburg, MO MONTANA Bozeman, MT Missoula, MT

NEBRASKA Bellevue, NE Lincoln, NE North Platte, NE Omaha, NE

Gresham, OR Medford, OR Oregon City, OR Portland, OR White City, OR

NEVADA Henderson, NV North Las Vegas, NV Winnemucca, NV

PENNSYLVANIA Bethlehem, PA Bloomsburg, PA Blue Bell, PA Gettysburg, PA Harrisburg, PA Lancaster, PA Newtown, PA Philadelphia, PA Pittsburgh, PA York, PA

NEW JERSEY Branchburg, NJ Lincroft, NJ Sewell, NJ Toms River, NJ West Windsor, NJ NEW MEXICO Albuquerque, NM Clovis, NM Farmington, NM Portales, NM Santa Fe, NM NEW YORK Brooklyn, NY Buffalo, NY Garden City, NY Middletown, NY New York, NY Syracuse, NY NORTH CAROLINA Apex, NC Asheville, NC Boone, NC Charlotte, NC Durham, NC Fayetteville, NC Greenville, NC Jamestown, NC Misenheimer, NC Pembroke, NC Raleigh, NC Wilmington, NC NORTH DAKOTA Bismarck, ND Fargo, ND OHIO Akron, OH Cincinnati, OH Columbus, OH Fairfield, OH Findlay, OH Kirtland, OH Lima, OH Maumee, OH Newark, OH Rio Grande, OH Toledo, OH Youngstown, OH OKLAHOMA Altus, OK Bethany, OK Edmond, OK Norman, OK Oklahoma City, OK Stillwater, OK Tonkawa, OK Tulsa, OK OREGON Bend, OR Coos Bay, OR Eugene, OR

SOUTH CAROLINA Beaufort, SC Charleston, SC Columbia, SC Conway, SC Greenwood, SC Orangeburg, SC Rock Hill, SC Spartanburg, SC TENNESSE Blountville, TN Clarksville, TN Collegedale, TN Gallatin, TN Johnson City, TN Memphis, TN Morristown, TN Murfreesboro, TN Nashville, TN TEXAS Abilene, TX Arlington, TX Austin, TX Beaumont, TX Brownsville, TX Commerce, TX Corpus Christi, TX Dallas, TX Denison, TX El Paso, TX Houston, TX Laredo, TX Lubbock, TX Lufkin, TX Mesquite, TX Weatherford, TX Wichita Falls, TX UTAH Cedar City, UT Kaysville, UT Logan, UT Ogden, UT Orem, UT Salt Lake City, UT VIRGINIA Daleville, VA Lynchburg, VA Norfolk, VA Roanoke, VA Virginia Beach, VA WASHINGTON Bellingham, WA Bremerton, WA Ellensburg, WA Olympia, WA

Seattle, WA Shoreline, WA Spokane, WA WISCONSIN Fond du Lac, WI La Crosse, WI Milwaukee, WI WYOMING Casper, WY Laramie, WY Torrington, WY ASIA Kindom of Bahrain AUSTRALIA Rockingham, WA CANADA Calgary, AB Edmonton, AB Fort McMurray, AB Lethbridge, AB Lloydminster, AB Olds, AB Red Deer, AB Abbotsford, BC Burnaby, BC Castlegar, BC Delta, BC Kamloops, BC Nanaimo, BC Prince George, BC Richmond, BC Surrey, BC Vancouver, BC Victoria, BC Brandon, MB Winnipeg, MB Bathurst, NB Moncton, NB St. John’s, NL Halifax, NS Brockville, ON Hamilton, ON Mississauga, ON Niagara-on-theLake, ON North Bay, ON North York, ON Ottawa, ON Toronto, ON Welland, ON Windsor, ON Côte Saint-Luc, QB Montrea, QB Montreal, QB Melfort, SK Moose Jaw, SK Nipawin, SK Prince Albert, SK Saskatoon, SK Whitehorse, YT ENGLAND London, ENG NEW ZEALAND Taradale, NZ UNITED KINGDOM Elgin, UK

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

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Whether you are studying for the Hydraulic Specialist (HS) Certification test or simply want to enhance your existing hydraulics skills in a convenient and flexible environment, the new interactive HS Study Manual is here to help.

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AVAILABLE IFPS CERTIFICATIONS

Certification Review Training Dates ELECTRONIC CONTROLS SPECIALIST (ECS) CERTIFICATION REVIEW

Location

Review Dates

Written Test

Contact

Fairfield, OH

October 22-25, 2018

October 25, 2018

register@cfc-solar.com

CFPAJPP Certified Fluid Power Authorized Job Performance Proctor CFPAJPPCC Certified Fluid Power Authorized Job Performance Proctor Connector & Conductor CFPE Certified Fluid Power Engineer

HYDRAULIC SPECIALIST (HS) CERTIFICATION REVIEW

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Written Test

Contact

Fairfield, OH

April 9-12, 2018

April 12, 2018

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Bethlehem, PA

April 11-13, 2018

April 13, 2018

smbogush@amthydraulics.com

Maumee, OH

April 23-26, 2018

April 27, 2018

hydraulicstraining@eaton.com

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August 6-9, 2018

August 10, 2018

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Fairfield, OH

September 4-7, 2018

September 7, 2018

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Bethlehem, PA

November14-16, 2018

November 16, 2018

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PNEUMATIC SPECIALIST (PS) CERTIFICATION REVIEW

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Written Test

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Fairfield, OH

June 25-27, 2018

June 27, 2018

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December 12-14, 2018

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CONNECTOR & CONDUCTOR (CC) REVIEW W/ JOB PERFORMANCE TEST

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Fairfield, OH

June 18-20, 2018

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INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC MECHANIC (IHM) CERTIFICATION REVIEW

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Test Date (Written & JP)

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Bethlehem, PA

June 12-15, 2018

June 15, 2018

smbogush@amthydraulics.com

MOBILE HYDRAULIC MECHANIC (MHM) REVIEW W/JOB PERFORMANCE TEST

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Fairfield, OH

September 10-13, 2018

September 12 & 13, 2018

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Fairfield, OH

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MOBILE HYDRAULIC TECHNICIAN (MHT) REVIEW TRAINING W/JOB PERFORMANCE TEST

Fairfield, OH

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Fairfield, OH

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JOB PERFORMANCE ONLINE REVIEW

CFC Industrial Training offers online JP Reviews which include stations 1-6 of the IFPS mechanic and technician job performance tests. Members may e-mail askus@ifps.org for a 20% coupon code off the list price or get the code in our Members’ Only area for the entire IFPS Job Performance Review; test not included. Register and purchase through CFC Industrial Training.

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MARCH/APRIL 2018

CFPPT Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Technician

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WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

0 TO 5000 PSI GAGE

FIGURE IT OUT

BY ROBERT SHEAF, CFPAI/ AJPP, CFPE, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPMT, CFPMIP, CFPMMH, CFPMIH, CFPMM, CFC INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

NEW PROBLEM

Clamp and Drill Circuit Will Not Release the Part

500 - 2800 PSI 3200 PSI AIR DRILL

AIR DRILL CIRCUIT CIRCUIT CYLINDER CYLINDER

P

Any Idea what is causing the new problem?

T

3000 PSI

Solution to Previous Problem

DIRECTIONAL VALVE SEALS FAILING

B

A

A new hydraulic system was installed on an old “Clamp and Drill” machine. A PLC would shift a directional valve clamping the part and a proximity switch would then signal the PLC to advance the air operated drill. At the same time, the clamp directional valve would center, trapping the clamp pressure. When talking to the maintenance man and operator, they said that when they started up the new installation, the electrical controls engineer had the cylinder retracting when it should be extending. When they contacted the engineer, he told them to switch the cylinder hoses and everything should be OK. After switching the hoses, they found that the pressure reducing valve would only work on the rod side and allow the cap end to build to system pressure, causing damage to the clamped part.

The engineer was told of the new problem, so he switched the wiring to the solenoids and also returned the hoses to their original positions. This now allowed 5 x 312 x 20 reduced pressure of the cap end and allowed the cylinder to extend when it was signaled to extend.

A different problem developed. The reduced pressure on the cap end of the cylinder, after about 15 seconds, would start to slowly creep up to system pressure.

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Extruded O-rings usually are a result of pressure causing a small gap between two mounting surfaces allowing part of the O-ring to squeeze in between the surfaces. Then the O-ring gets pinched when pressure is removed, squeezing and nibbling away at the O-ring until it fails. The mounting bolts were still torqued to their proper values but were discovered to be too long. They had bottomed out in the manifold before securing the directional valve tight enough against the base plate.

Replacing the mounting bolts with shorter bolts and applying the proper torque solved the problem.

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By Daniel Pascoe President of Davasol, Inc.

M

HOLD IT DOWN -

VACUUM CLAMPING

ost of the articles I have authored for Fluid Power Journal have been about vacuum pick and place, which is the most common application in fluid power circles for vacuum components. However, a relatively common application for the same components is the opposite of pick and place: material hold down or vacuum clamping.

Industries such as sign manufacturing, glass production, fiberglass fabrication, aerospace CNC machining, and automotive trim finishing, all utilize vacuum hold down in some way or another. This article discusses the basic methodology used in achieving a secure, safe and energy-efficient system to employ in these various applications. All vacuum clamping installations should involve the same fundamental criteria: rigid hold down without movement of the work piece during production process, ease of capture and release of the product, and, of course, fair cost of purchase and operation for the end user.

CNC routers such as the model shown in Fig 1, utilize a porous vacuum bed usually made from MDF (medium density fiberboard) which covers the complete machining area.

Work pieces, such as plastic sheets, are laid flat against the MDF board and a large flow vacuum pump, usually an oil-free sliding vane pump or regenerative blower, are connected to a chamber directly underneath the MDF sheet. Vacuum is pulled through the MDF and, in doing so, holds the work piece(s) against the surface. Of course, the greater the surface coverage, the greater the vacuum level (less leakage) and consequently the holding force. Fig 2 illustrates this. The area of the MDF not covered by the work piece may have to be covered by thin plastic sheet to minimize leakage, therefore maximizing the vacuum force holding the work piece.

The holding force is entirely dependent on the vacuum level achieved by the vacuum pump.

This is the reason high flow pumps are used on CNC routers. For example for every square inch of work piece the theoretical holding force will be 14.7 lbf at 100% vacuum (29.92"Hg). Consequently if the vacuum being achieved is only 3"Hg (due to expected leakage through the MDF) the holding force will be reduced by 90% which equates to 1.47 lbf . This might be enough for a machining process such as simple hole

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drilling, but if there is a large side force during profile machining, the vacuum level may need to be higher. This is when the open area of the MDF sheet should be covered by plastic sheet.

The aforementioned application is dealing with large surface areas where the potential hold down force is very high, even though the ultimate vacuum of the system is low. In applications where the parts being machined are smaller and the cutting forces are higher, such as aluminum machining in the aerospace industry, or marble and granite counter top manufacturing, a different method should be employed.

Fig 3 shows a typical vacuum “pod”. These are normally used in groups (Fig 4) to hold down large pieces of aluminum or other non-ferrous materials such as wood or natural stone, where magnets wouldn’t work, of course. A vacuum pump or vacuum venturi is connected to the side of the vacuum pod.

The vacuum port is within an O ring seal. The base, which can be held onto the machine table via another vacuum port is sometimes mechanically clamped to the machine table surface. In processes where the work piece is continuously changing in size, a vacuum base connection is preferable so that it can be easily released and moved about the table.

Sometimes vacuum pods aren’t suitable, such as in applications where the sheets being machined are very thin and therefore the sheet could “sag” between the pods. Also, if the part being machined has a profile and therefore is not flat, a custom vacuum bed would have to be made in order to match the profile of the mating face of the work piece. Fig 5 illustrates a profile vacuum bed with the work piece installed.

An O-ring seal would be installed on the tool inside a groove which follows the profile of the tool/work piece face. A single vacuum pump or venturi would be connected to the tool to generate sufficient vacuum hold down force.

A less elaborate tool is sometimes used utilizing vacuum cups. Fig 6 shows a vacuum tool which has numerous single bellows cups connected to a common vacuum source.

These bellows vacuum cups protrude slightly from the tool surface so that when vacuum is applied, the cups retract, pulling the work piece against the tool face (datum surface).

This type of tool can be easily put together by

1

work piece

MDF sheet

2

vacuum chamber

3

4

work piece

5

vacuum bed

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

vacuum cups

6

vacuum connection

8

Daniel Pascoe is President of Davasol Inc, an independent industrial consultant specializing in online brand presence and industrial e-commerce stores, with clients across North America and Europe, one of which is Vacuforce LLC (www.vacuforce. com) a manufacturer and distributor of vacuum components for whom this article was co-written with. Daniel can be reached via www.davasol.com or directly at dpascoe@ davasol.com. Find Vacuforce on twitter.com/ vacuforce

7

most end user machine shops, using readily available standard vacuum components.

Speaking of vacuum components, an end user may employ a vacuum pump or air powered vacuum venturi with vacuum pods and vacuum clamping equipment where the pump or venturi runs continuously throughout long production cycles. This would be necessary if the part being held down was porous and/or the machinery utilized a porous MDF bed as previously described. However, when holding down non-porous products, such as aluminum billets, the vacuum should and can be turned off once a safe vacuum level has been achieved. This offers a considerable energy savings, particularly if the cycle time between batch runs is extensive.

Fig 7 shows a multi-stage, air-powered vacuum generator, but it also includes what is sometimes referred to as an energy savings “kit”. This pneumatic circuitry controls the compressed air inlet to the venturi via a pilot operated 2-way valve, which is turned on and off by a vacuum sensor that has a pneumatic output. This circuit is shown in Fig 8, where the venturi (A) is powered by a pilot operated control valve (B) which is turned on and off by a pneumatic vacuum switch (C). The switch takes its vacuum reading from the vacuum port of the venturi, which is connected via a suitable vacuum inlet filter to an external control valve (E).

Therefore, the user is turning vacuum on and off to the vacuum tool with the 3-way manual valve or an automated 3-way solenoid valve (Fig 8, E). This enables considerable air savings and should always be considered as a very viable feature of any vacuum clamping application.

If a vacuum pump is being used, an energy-saving system can be employed to cycle

the pump on and off as the vacuum level rises and falls. A large vacuum vessel is also recommended as a safety measure but also helps with vacuum pump installations, where the pump will cycle on and off less often, minimizing wear and tear on the mechanical components of the pump and motor.

Vacuum clamping applications are all different but share the same end-user concerns

of efficiency in production, ease-of-use and ongoing operating costs. If consideration is given to the effectiveness of the vacuum tool performance, as well as to understanding of best energy savings practice, the final solution should be an easy choice. The aforementioned examples offer an insight into effective solutions for the large majority of vacuum clamping applications in use today.

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ECONOMIC REPORT

Global Manufacturing Update

BY CHAD MOUTRAY, PH.D., CBE CHIEF ECONOMIST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS

January 11, 2018 According to the World Bank, “The global economy is experiencing a cyclical recovery, reflecting a rebound in investment, manufacturing activity and trade.” In the World Bank’s latest Global Economic Prospects publication, it projects 3.1 percent growth in worldwide GDP in 2018, improving from 2.4 percent and an estimate of 3.0 percent in 2016 and 2017, respectively. More importantly, it adds, “Global growth is expected to be sustained over the next couple years—and even accelerate somewhat in emerging market and developing economies….”

Of course, there are also some downside risks to note, including tighter monetary policies and policy and geopolitical uncertainties.

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Nonetheless, the larger narrative globally is that the economic outlook has strengthened considerably, with the manufacturing sector expanding at new record or multiyear highs in many markets. Along those lines, the J.P. Morgan Global Manufacturing PMI rose to its best reading since February 2011 on robust gains in new orders, output and employment.

In December, all but one of the top-15 markets for U.S.-manufactured goods expanded. (There is no manufacturing PMI for comparison purposes for Belgium, which is our 10th-largest trading partner.) South Korea contracted ever so slightly, ending three months of expansions. It is hoped sentiment in the South Korean economy will rebound in the January data. Along those lines, future output signals modest growth for the first half of 2018.

Europe continued to dominate the list of the top export markets with strong manufacturing growth. In fact, the IHS Markit Eurozone Manufacturing PMI grew to its best reading since the survey began in June 1997. In reaching this new milestone, demand and production both accelerated to 17-year highs. In addition, manufacturing activity in Austria, Germany and Ireland reached their own all-time highs, with the headline index in France at its best reading since 2000. Moreover, the good news was not limited to sentiment surveys. Real GDP in the Eurozone rose 0.6 percent in the

third quarter, or 2.6 percent year-over-year, the quickest pace since the first quarter of 2011.

The unemployment rate fell in November to 8.7 percent, its lowest level since January 2009.

Stronger economic growth and improved labor market news likely boosted spending, with retail sales up 1.5 percent in November and 2.8 percent over the past 12 months.

Turning to our largest trading partner, the IHS Markit Canada Manufacturing PMI inched up to a three-month high, expanding modestly and reflecting notable progress from one year ago. Much of that improvement has come from stabilization in energy markets, but the global economic turnaround has also helped. Along those lines, the unemployment rate fell to 5.7 percent in December, its lowest rate “since comparable data became available in January 1976.” Yet, manufacturers lost 3,600 workers on net for the month. In 2017, however, the sector added 85,700 employees. In addition, retail spending jumped 1.5 percent in October, with Canadians spending a whopping 6.7 percent more over the past 12 months. With that said, real GDP growth eased to 0.4 percent in the third quarter, with 1.7 percent growth at the annual rate, down from 4.3 percent in the second quarter.

Most importantly, U.S.-manufactured goods exports have improved so far in 2017, trending in the right direction through the first 11 months of 2017. This is a welcome development after weaker

data across the past two years. Using non-seasonally adjusted data, U.S.-manufactured goods exports totaled $999.84 billion year to date in November, up 4.19 percent from $959.65 billion one year ago. Economic strength in international markets has helped, but a “cheaper” dollar has also been a factor in improving the export picture.

The trade-weighted U.S. dollar index against major currencies from the Federal Reserve Board fell 8.6 percent in 2017, even as it remains 15.5 percent stronger than the levels in June 2014.

The administration has undertaken several enforcement investigations, with reports and action expected early this year. Manufacturers are seeking congressional approval of the Miscellaneous Tariff Bill (MTB) and the four nominees to the Board of the U.S. Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank. Negotiators are preparing for the sixth round of talks to modernize the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), although big differences remain on several U.S. proposals.

U.S. and Korean negotiators also met to improve implementation and potentially modify the U.S.– Korea (KORUS) Free Trade Agreement (FTA).

Excerpt reprinted with permission. For the full report, which includes links to the press releases used to compile this information, visit www.nam. org. The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) represents small and large manufacturers in every industrial sector in all 50 states. For more information, visit www.nam.org.

Flow Better Together Flow Control, Flow Measurement & Pressure Regulation Specialists Offering both a high accuracy Mass Flow Controller and Mass/Volumetric Flow Meter, we have your precision flow control projects covered. These units can also be combined together in a single package, to both control and monitor volumetric or mass flow.

Mass Flow Controller

Digital Flow Meter

• 10-20 millisecond response time • Internal microcontroller design • Virtually frictionless performance • Electronic performance feedback • Back pressure and temperature compensation • Vacuum pressure compatible

• Displays mass and volumetric flow rates, atmospheric pressure, temperature and gas pressure • Touch screen interface for immediate customization, no separate device needed • Volumetric flow automatically adjusted based on current gas density and elevation

Since 2004, Kelly Pneumatics has designed and manufactured highly accurate valves, regulators and pneumatic-based products. We have worked with over 1,000 businesses to produce highly customized parts for many industries, including medical, alternative energy, test equipment, semiconductor equipment and gas analyzers.

KellyPneumatics.com (800) 704-7552

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Advantages & Applications of

JOHN JOYCE DIRECTOR OF MARKETING BRENNAN INDUSTRIES

Seamless stainless steel tubing is frequently used in hydraulic systems. Seamless tube can be bent to shape much more easily than steel pipe, withstands higher pressures, and connects more securely with the right fittings. It’s the same with hydraulic hose. The hose is only as good as the connection. It is important to use high quality tubing or hose and fittings to ensure an effective seal. That’s why components that have been AS9100C and Nadcap certified are often used by OEMs of commercial, industrial and heavy equipment and by maintenance engineers in manufacturing plants and those who maintain earth-moving equipment and machinery.

It is common for manufacturers of fluid system components that are qualified to supply lowand high-pressure fittings and adapters for the aerospace and military market to also provide these same products for critical applications in industrial, construction and commercial equipment. Components that meet these stringent requirements are often used by some of the top

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OEMs and maintenance crews in the manufacturing and repair of equipment from off-road and heavy machinery to CNC milling machines. Any equipment or machinery that must withstand harsh environments or frequent actuation can benefit from using military grade materials to ensure top performance and long service life.

FITTING TYPES

Unlike steel pipe, sections of tubing are usually attached with flared or flareless (compression type) fittings. The SAE Aerospace StanARMY-NAVY (AN) FLARED FITTINGS dard (AS) establishes the requirements for fittings that are used As with all flared fittings, the tubing is flared in preparation to installation to in all types of fluid secure the seal. The flared tube fitting is made up of a sleeve and a nut. With systems. the nut fitted and tightened over the sleeve, it draws the sleeve and flared tubing securely to a cone shaped male fitting to create the seal. The cone on the male FLARED FITTINGS fitting is of the same angle as the inside of the flare (i.e. 24°, 37°, etc.). The sleeve Flared fittings proserves as a support to alleviate vibration at the flare, distributing the energy over vide significant design a wider area. Male and female AN 37°flared fittings meet Class 3A/3B UNJ/ and performance charUNJF allowing for tighter tolerances, enhanced exposure to fatigue, and longer acteristics compared to service life for aerospace and military applications. The tighter specifications pipe fittings and can be of AN fittings also make them ideal for commercial and industrial applications used with thin-wall and where higher performance is desired. medium-wall tubing.

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

CONCLUSION

The conditions and environment of a system are key reasons to use fittings that are AS9100 and Nadcap certified. Conditions such as temperature, pressure variations, vibration and external mechanical load have a significant impact on the application and should be considered when specifying system components.

Historically, each industry tends to use the same fittings in the aftermarket that are used in the original equipment. This is typically a good practice. However, more and more maintenance engineers are turning to ‘or-equal’ specifications that are supplied by aerospace certified manufacturers to ensure better performance and longer service life. As mentioned, even many OEMs of construction, industrial and commercial equipment design their systems with tighter specifications that include the use of these higher quality components.

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS FOR FLARED FITTINGS

Proper tube, hose and fitting installations in aircraft and other military equipment are some of the most critical applications. They are also critical in heavy machinery, cranes (overhead and boom) earth-moving equipment and other construction and general industrial equipment.

The appropriate connection and torque are imperative. Metal-to-metal contact between the fitting and flare is necessary to provide the proper seal. In this respect, never apply pipe compound or sealing tape to the faces of the fittings or flare. It is important that the line assembly is in alignment before applying the designated torque to the fittings.

FLARELESS FITTINGS

Also commonly known as compression fittings, flareless fittings are used in medium- to high-pressure applications. They are comprised of a nut, single or double ferrule and the fitting body. The nut and ferrule(s) slide over a tube with an OD that matches the ID of the receiving fitting. As the nut is tight-

ened with the proper torque, the ferrule is compressed against the tube, providing a tight and leak-free seal.

The higher the system pressure, the greater the required wall thickness of the tube and, therefore, the more applicable flareless fittings are.

Thicker walled tubing is not practical or even possible to flare.

MILITARY STANDARD (MS) FLARELESS FITTINGS MS flareless fittings are used predominantly for high pressure(≥ 3,000 psi) hydraulic systems in areas that could experience rigorous vibration or inconsistent pressure. An MS type fitting replaces the need for flaring the tube and still provides a safe and dependable connection.

An MS flareless fitting is made up of a body, a sleeve and a nut. The internal design of the body causes the sleeve to crimp into the OD of the tube as the body and nut are joined. There is a counter bore shoulder in the body of the fitting with a reverse angle of 15° for steel connections, designed to prevent the tubing from an inward collapse when tightening and serves as a sealing force against the body of the counter bore.

O-RING BOSS (ORB) FITTINGS

O-rings for leak-tight connections are very popular among aerospace equipment designers, typically using a 90 durometer, Buna-N (Nitrile) O-ring. There are two primary types of O-ring boss fittings: SAE STRAIGHT-THREAD O-RING BOSS FITTINGS and FACE SEAL OR FLATFACE O-RING (FFOR) FITTINGS. Choosing O-ring boss or FFOR fittings often depends on the location for wrench clearance. However, flange fittings are mostly used with applications calling for ≥ 7/8” OD tubing or extremely high pressures.

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Purpose-Built Telescopic Cylinders AGGRESSIVE HYDRAULICS • CIRCLE 103

Aggressive Hydraulics designs and manufactures custom multi-stage telescopic cylinders for a wide range of industries and applications.

This capability allows us to fulfill application specific requirements.

• Double and Single acting • Special painting and plating • Various mounting configurations • Multiple sealing options • Designed to withstand operating environments • Infinite bore, stroke and force combinations

SPRING LITERATURE REVIEW

For more information, contact us: Sales@AggressiveHydraulics.com or 866.406.4100

Special Ad Section

Pneumatics Expertise in Hygienic Design

Quick Turn Around on Veljan Units & Parts

AVENTICS • CIRCLE 104

FLUIDYNE FLUID POWER • CIRCLE 105

Our specialists offer in-depth industry expertise and assist you to design pneumatics into hygienic production systems, addressing key specifications and regulatory requirements.

Wherever components can come into direct contact with food, frequent wash-down is required to comply with hygiene standards.

AVENTICS valves, actuators and air prep units are designed for long operating life in these extreme conditions.

FluiDyne is your fast and reliable source for Veljan products. They stock T6/T7 single, double and triple vane pumps, and flange mounted valves that mount directly to pumps or manifolds.

Including: Relief, Unloading and Sequence valves. FluiDyne also carries the M4 series vane motors in the C, D and E frame sizes with a wide range of torque sizes. Call today for a quote!

FluiDyne Fluid Power 586.296.7200 sales@fluidynefp.com www.fluidynefp.com

www.aventics.com/en/ industries-trends/trends-andtopics/hygienic-design

Electronic Sensors and Controls

Pressure & Flow Control Solutions

HYDAC TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • CIRCLE 106

KELLY PNEUMATICS, INC. • CIRCLE 107

PrintAd_v1.1.pdf 1 1/16/2018 8:15:54 PM

HYDAC measurement technology can monitor and control hydraulic or pneumatic systems – quickly, precisely and safely. Applications range from analysis and diagnostics of operating fluids to controlling complex industrial systems and electrohydraulic systems in mobile machines.

Our overview brochure outlines our standard products – we welcome inquiries for custom development and bring expertise to your projects from inception to completion. www.HYDAC-NA.com

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C

M

Y

CM

MY

PRECISION PROTOTYPES & CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS

WE KNOW FLOW

CY

CMY

K

 Proportional Valves  Mass Flow Controllers  Electronic Regulators

  

Digital Flow Meters Precision Regulators And Much More

We specialize in collaborating with engineers just like you to quickly create prototypes and customized solutions to the most demanding control applications.

Put our decades of combined engineering experience into creating the perfect product for you.

Since 2004 Kelly Pneumatics has been a name you can trust. Hundreds of businesses depend on us to produce their highly customized parts for numerous industries including medical, alternative energy, test equipment, semiconductor equipment and gas analyzers. Call today for a free estimate one your own highly accurate valves, regulators and pneumatic control projects.

CALL TODAY FOR A FREE QUOTE

(800) 704-7552 KellyPneumatics.com

For nearly 20 years, Kelly Pneumatics Inc. has been your top-quality supplier, specializing in designing and manufacturing high quality custom pneumatic valves, pressure regulators, and mass flow controllers. Contact Kelly Pneumatics Inc. to get superior customer service and engineering support. Visit Kelly Pneumatics Inc. website for the latest tech specs, detailed drawings, and more information.

Kelly Pneumatics, Inc. www.kellypneumatics.com 1.800.704.7552

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

KuriKrimp™ Crimpers & Accessories Catalog KURIYAMA OF AMERICA, INC. • CIRCLE 108

• New improved Die Kages for protection and storage of dies for the KD100 series crimpers.

• New KD4-650 and KD4-1000 series crimpers for crimping larger ID industrial hoses.

• New line-up of KuriSaws™ cutting equipment.

• A new 10 ton fitting pusher is now offered.

360 E. State Parkway Schaumburg, IL 60173 (847) 755-0360 • Fax: (847) 885-0996 sales@kuriyama.com www.kuriyama.com

Hydraulic Flanges and Components

MAIN MANUFACTURING PRODUCTS • CIRCLE 110

Compressed Air Filtration

LA-MAN CORPORATION • CIRCLE 109

Brochure offers a comprehensive overview of the company’s complete line of compressed air filtration products. Highlighted is the patented family of Extractor/ Dryers. These two-stage, point of use filters remove contaminates to a 5-micron rating with flow ranges of 15 to 2,000 scfm. Additional products available include the SuperStar Membrane Dryer, .01 Micron Filter, Refrigerated Extractor/Dryer, and much more.

La-Man Corporation 800.348.2463 www.laman.com

304 & 316 Stainless Steel Liquid Level Gages OIL-RITE CORPORATION • CIRCLE 111

Catalog includes the popular styles of MAIN Manufacturing’s extensive offering of Hydraulic Flanges and Components – ready for immediate shipment. Dimensional drawings, part numbers, metric and weld specifications included.

The “Quick Reference Guide” helps specify less popular items often stocked or quickly manufactured at our US plant.

Corrosive resistant properties make stainless steel gages suitable to a variety of applications. Oil-Rite offers 304 and 316 stainless steel liquid level gages in sizes from 3" to 60". A red line on a white background enhances liquid level visibility. Available with adapters and thermometer. Visit Oil-Rite’s online product catalog for new cut sheets and detailed information.

MAIN Manufacturing Products, Inc. Grand Blanc, MI 800.521.7918; FAX: 810.953.1385 E-mail: info@mainmfg.com Web: www.mainmfg.com/fpj

Oil-Rite Corporation PO Box 1207 Manitwoc WI 54221-1207 Phone: 920.682.6173 Email: sales@oilrite.com www.oilrite.com

Increased Productivity Starts Here PHD INC. • CIRCLE 112

The new PHD main catalog features PHD’s complete standard product line plus 21 new products, the Optimax® line of global drop-in actuators, and the PHD Plus® line of electromechanical actuators.

Get superior delivery, the best online tools, and local support with PHD.

Polyconn Pneumatic Tools POLYCONN • CIRCLE 113

Polyconn specializes in developing and supplying high quality pneumatic hose, pneumatic hose fittings, and pneumatic components. Our inventory includes pneumatic manifolds, Posi-Link™ couplings, the unique Duratec® Pipe system, and much more.

We'll source any pneumatic component you need, even if it isn't in our catalog!

Visit our website for details.

PHD Inc. 800.624.8511 www.phdinc.com/complete

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

Polyconn www.polyconn.com 763.559.0388

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Caps • Plugs • Grips Protection • Finishing • Masking

Hydraulic Live Swivels Catalog SUPER SWIVELS • CIRCLE 114

Inline and 90° hydraulic live swivels. Available in sizes from 1/8" to 2-1/2", rated to 10,000 PSI, heat treated, superior quality alloy steel, chrome or stainless steel ball bearings, withstands heavy side loads, burnished (micro smooth) barrel bores, Viton®, Aflas®, or Teflon® encapsulated seals, zinc or nickel plated, available in 304 and 440 stainless steel, full flow - low pressure drop, rebuilding kits available.

Solutions that Fit the Fluid Power Industry ®

Many Sizes and Styles in Stock for Metric, SAE, BSP, JIC, NPT Threads & Fittings

Super Swivels Phone: 763.784.5531 Fax: 763.784.7423 Website: www.superswivels.com

Hose, Tube & Pipe Cleaning & Sealing and Air Purification Products ULTRA CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES • CIRCLE 115

1-800-633-6775 www.mocap.com

sales@mocap.com

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•Quality •Price •Now! Directional Control Valves

Monoblock 12GPM, 16GPM, 21GPM Sectional 13GPM, 21GPM, 37GPM, 63GPM 4600 psi, DC, Air

NOW AVAILABLE! MB-6 MONOBLOCK 32GPM

YOULI-AMERICA Corpus Christi, TX • 888-330-8041 www.youli-america.com • service@youli-america.com

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Get the latest product and industry buzz when you follow us on Twitter @ultracleantech, or join us at www. facebook.com/ultracleantech. The current Product Catalog features information on our HOSE, TUBE & PIPE CLEANING and SEALING SYSTEMS and AIR PURIFICATION PRODUCTS. CLEAN EASY products strip out internal contamination from hose/tube assemblies using special foam projectiles and a pneumatic launcher. SEAL EASY offers Clean Seal System machines and Clean Seal Capsules to protect cleaned hose/tube assemblies. BREATHE EASY line includes Desiccant Breathers to filter contaminants and corrosive water vapor from air. All product lines benefit Heavy Duty Markets, including Construction, Mining, Marine, Offshore, Hose & Tube Assembly.

1274 Highway 77 • Bridgeton, NJ 08302 • ultracleantech.com

Your Cylinder Source

YATES INDUSTRIES, INC. • CIRCLE 116

All Designs, All Sizes, One Result.

Yates Cylinders – an ISO-9001:2008 company with facilities in Michigan, Alabama and Georgia – is your top-quality supplier for all cylinder applications. Hydraulic, pneumatic, NFPA, millgrade, or custom engineering – you name it, Yates can handle it. Complete catalog available. We also maintain an unmatched repair program used by the biggest names in the American Industry. www.yatesind.com Yates Industries, Inc. 23050 Industrial Dr. E. St. Clair Shores, MI 48080 Ph: 586.778.7680 Fax: 586.778.6565

Yates Georgia 7750 The Bluffs Austell, GA 30168 Ph: 678.355.2240 Fax: 678.355.2241

Yates Alabama 55 Refreshment Place Decatur, AL 35601 Ph: 256.351.8081 Fax: 256.351.8571

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Robotics Challenge Scholarship Deadline Approaching The 2018 FIRST® Robotics Competition officially kicked off back in January. Teams have been hard at work designing and building their machines, finding mentors, and learning more about this year’s competition. Many NFPA members use this program as an opportunity to work as mentors to local students and get them interested in pneumatics, a method of motion control which is often used in competition robots.

In recognition of this opportunity to increase interest in fluid power education, NFPA became an Alliance Partner with FIRST® Robotics. As an Alliance Partner, NFPA is a provider to the FIRST® Scholarship program. This year is the second year that NFPA is offering one merit-based scholarship for $40,000 ($10,000 per year for four years) to a high school senior who participates on a 2018 FIRST® Robotics Competition Team or National Robotics League Team and uses fluid power in his or her competition robot. This scholarship may be used for an engineering course of study at any accredited

technical college or university in the United States. The goal of the scholarship is to bring awareness of fluid power’s role in robotics to high school students and to stimulate increased use of fluid power products in the competition.

Applications for the scholarship are due May 1st. Be sure to share this opportunity with

FIRST® teams in your community and let us know if you are mentoring a team! Applications can be filled out online at http://nfpahub.com/ fpc/robotics-challenge.

For more information, please contact Lynn Beyer at LBeyer@nfpa.com.

A CHALLENGE IN THE ELECTRIFICATION OF YOUR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM? LET US SOLVE IT FOR YOU. Sonceboz is a leader in providing mechatronic solutions for positioning and flow control applications in challenging environments. Enable functional safety, predictive maintenance and decentralized intelligence with our solutions: • electromechanical actuators for valves • electric motors for speed controlled pumps • mechatronic drive solutions up to 5 kW Contact us and we will develop a compact, efficient and reliable solution customized for your challenge. Trust our experience: more than a billion Sonceboz solutions are at work in the world right now.

www.sonceboz.com

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Classroom Activities are Made Possible Through Grant Program Member volunteer hours and donations help keep NFPA’s various workforce development programs growing and effective. One program that helps schools teach fluid power at the middle and high school levels is the Fluid Power Action Challenge Classroom Activities Grant Application. Middle and high schools are invited to apply to offset the costs related to the educational aspects of the Fluid Power Action Challenge program—either for the fluid power kits for classroom use or for participation in the Fluid Power Action Challenge event. Teachers use the grant funds and sometimes the fluid power curriculum available on the NFPA website to provide hands-on activities for their students. Each experience is different from the last as teachers get creative with the possibilities.

One Ohio teacher used her award to organize an inter-school Fluid Power Action Challenge across five class periods and 144 students and created a movie trailer-themed video to document the experience, check out Toxic Barrels of Destruction. Here’s what she had to say about the Action Challenge:

“I think the most relevant outcome is student confidence in problem-based learning. All of the students felt very successful because all of the arms were functional. They took great pride in their accomplishment, and they were all learning to work as a team while building on individual strengths. I would LOVE to do this project again!”

Teacher – Valley View Middle School, OH. Here’s some feedback from two other schools who received grant funds to conduct classrooms activities:

“As a group, we viewed and discussed the ‘Your Career in Fluid Power and Discovering Fluid Power’ videos. After an individual research project, students worked in groups of two to build hydraulic lifts. One of my state standards is ‘explore the key components of technological systems.’ A specific learning expectation is ‘identify and explore the basic principles involved in fluid power.’ Using the kits along with the videos and research, the students gained a much better grasp of what fluid power is and how it works.”

Teacher – Greeneville Middle School, TN.

“I liked being able to build something and not just read about it.”

Student – Greeneville Middle School, TN.

“Thanks again for the grant funding—it made some GREAT learning and projects possible! Over 200 of our school’s students will learn about fluid power in class this year.”

Teacher – Parkview Middle School, WI. It sounds simple, but we’re constantly told that students cannot choose careers they do not know exist. That’s why it’s so important to introduce students to the fluid power industry and the rewarding careers that are available within it as early as possible. It is with your support that at these three middle schools alone, over 400 students have had the opportunity for a hands-on experience in hydraulics and pneumatics and learn outside of their textbooks. To connect with schools in your community contact Stephanie Scaccianoce at sscaccianoce@nfpa.com.

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NEW! NFPA Financial

Benchmark Survey Available for Distributor Members The NFPA Financial Benchmark Survey, also known as the PROFIT Report, and conducted with the help of the Profit Planning Group, is an annual survey that helps distributors benchmark financial performance on indicators that relate directly to profitability. Participation is required to receive the results, which include: • The NFPA Financial Benchmark Report: A financial and operating profile of all participating members using metrics in sales, gross margin, expenses, inventory, assets, employee productivity, and operations to identify what really influences profitability.

• Performance Analysis Report: A confidential report sent directly to you comparing your firm with your peers. The report ranks you in every important metric and helps participants identify how they can improve their profits.

• Profit Dashboard: An interactive tool to help you plan financial improvements and compare your company to others.

This survey takes under an hour to complete, and it’s free to participate. Watch the mail for the survey, which should arrive the week of January 22. The submission deadline is April 5, 2018. Contact Pete Alles at palles@nfpa.com with questions.

CONFIDENTIALITY INFORMATION: All survey data goes directly to the Profit Planning Group for aggregation, reporting, analysis and assurance of confidentiality. Reports present only aggregated results. Masking procedures are used so no individual firm data can be identified, and survey forms are destroyed after processing. NFPA will never see your data.

Now Available SC Hydraulic Engineering introduces its new portable test cart. This compact mobile design offers many popular features found on our standard power units.

SC Hydraulic’s Newest Addition 90 Series Portable Test Cart • Mobile self contained power unit • Air drive controls, pressure • Air operated - No electricity gauges and valves included needed • Used in: • Pressures up to 65,000-psi with Hydrostatic testing 100-psi air drive Burst testing • Available with a 5 or 10 gallon Water-jet blasting stainless steel reservoir Hydraulic press operation • Compatible with most fluids Hydraulic cylinder & valve • Available with all 10-series pumps actuation

*Contact factory for gauges over 60,000 psi SC Hydraulic Engineering Corporation 1130 Columbia Street • Brea, California 92821 • USA Phone (714) 257-4800 • Fax (714) 257-4810 Email info@schydraulic.com www.SCHydraulic.com CIRCLE 497

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Polyconn Manifolds

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

ACCUMULATORS, HEAT EXCHANGERS, GRIPPERS, DAMPENERS, & SHOCK ABSORBERS

Polyconn manifolds provide a convenient junction point for the distribution of gases or fluids. Simply thread fittings into the ports to produce an organized method of supplying multiple lines from a single source.

Our aluminum manifolds go through a controlled oxidation process called anodizing which produces a non-conductive coating that provides corrosion and wear resistance.

FEATURES Aluminum with Black Anodizing or Nickel Plating for corrosion resistance.

Other Materials Available for Custom Manifolds: Brass, Stainless Steel, Nylon and Polypropylene.

Standard Outlets: 2 to 10 inline.

Threaded Outlet Sizes: 1/8, 1/4, 3/8 NPT Female.

Special Ad Section

USES For use with air, water, natural gas, hydraulic oils, and gasoline.

Chemical Resistance: Fair Durability: Good

SWEP’s B315 – a New Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger (BPHE) Model Optimized for Industrial Applications SWEP’s new B315 model is equipped with 3” ports in a compact 10” x 15” envelope. This model is based on open, yet strong internal design, which facilitates low pressure drop and high flow rates providing an optimized solution for applications such as refrigerated air dryers, heat recovery, after coolers & oil coolers. info@swep.net www.swep.net

polyconn.com 763.559.0388 CIRCLE 118

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3-Port Diverter Valves Pressure Compensating Proportional Valve New from Kelly Pneumatics is the Pressure Compensating Proportional Valve. Using our patented proportional valve technology, this valve dynamically compensates for pressure of 250 PSIG or lower, while maintaining consistent output flow characteristics. Our valve works at a flow range of 0-280 SLPM for air, with essentially frictionless performance.

Inserta® 3-Port Diverter Valves provide a simple means to install a diverter ball valve in a circuit that uses an SAE J518 4-Bolt mounting flange pattern. Compact assemblies can be made, and adjoining components are face sealed with a leak resistant O-ring.

These valves are used to divert flow from Port 2 (Bottom Port) to either Port 0 or Port 1 as the handle is rotated between either of two end positions that are 90° apart. These valves are popular for use in duplex filtration circuits.

The pressure containing flange body is traceable to manufacturing and material lot.

A variety of lock plates are available.

Inserta® Products

www.kellypneumatics.com 800-702-7552

Blue Bell, PA www.inserta.com 215.643.0192 CIRCLE 120

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Hydraulic Noise and Shock Suppressor Wilkes and McLean manufactures an In Line Noise and Shock Suppressor for hydraulics and is a stocking distributor of Nacol Accumulators. Our suppressors eliminate pulsations, which greatly reduces noise and vibration from applications from a few gallons up to 200 gallons.

We stock all of our suppressor sizes as well as Nacol Accumulators Suppressor Accumulators and parts from 1/5 of a pint up to 15 gallons, in our Schaumburg, Illinois facility.

Passive RFID Pressure Transmitters The Keller 21D RFID pressure transmitters are the next generation in compact pressure measurement. These products combine a versatile modular design with passive RFID transmission to provide a versatile and durable alternative for hydraulic cylinder tests.

877.534.6445 info@wilkesandmclean.com www.wilkesandmclean.com CIRCLE 122

Vac Cubes Multi Venturi Vacuum Pumps

The 21D RFID series thermally compensated to provide excellent Total Error Band accuracy over a wide compensated temperature range with available pressure ranges up to 15,000 psi.

With over 30 years of proven results Vac Cubes and our multi stage venturi vacuum pumps are a great fit for your vacuum application. They are designed to provide higher vacuum flows with less air consumption. Multiple models available with maximum vacuum up to 27”hg and vacuum flows up to 25CFM and the ability to manifold together.

Keller America Inc

info@vac-cube.com 727.944.3337 www.vac-cube.com

Newport News, Virginia • 877-253-5537 sales@kelleramerica.com • www.kelleramerica.com CIRCLE 121

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YOULI Hydraulic Directional Control Valves Direct Acting Electric Solenoids...now available: Youli directional control valves, rated to 4600psi, monoblock or sectional styles, are now available from stock in Corpus Christi, with electric direct acting solenoids on the MB-4 series, rated to 10GPM. Pneumatic operators are also available on all Youli valves, and also kept in stock.

Youli quality is based on 25 years of industrial hydraulic valve manufacturing for the machine tool business in Taiwan. A quality product line with a major commitment to inventory in Corpus Christi, Texas, and offered at competitive prices is making our reputation grow.

Youli-America, a Division of RanFam, LLC

Veljan TXB Single Vane Pumps FluiDyne has a quick turn around on Veljan TXB single vane pumps.

They are used for both mobile and industrial industries. Available in displacements: B02-12 and 14 with flanged or threaded ports. The maximum pressure is 3000 psi and the maximum speed is 2500 rpm.

FluiDyne does not only stock units, but parts as well. Call today for a quote!

Proudly sold through distribution. Please call to be referred.

Contact the company at 1.888.330.8041 or email to service@youli-america.com View basic specifications at www.youli-america.com CIRCLE 125

586.296.7200 sales@fluidynefp.com

www.fluidynefp.com CIRCLE 124

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PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Special Ad Section

SC Hydraulics Newest Addition L6-40 High Volume Pump • • • • •

Pressures up to 5,000 psi with 125 psi air drive Flows over 4 GPM at no pressure and 3 GPM at 1,000 psi. with 140 scfm air drive All wetted parts stainless steel Compatible with most fluids Air operated No electricity needed • Dimensionally interchangeable with most competitive model pumps

SC Hydraulic Engineering Corporation

714.257.4800 • info@schydraulic.com • www.SCHydraulic.com CIRCLE 126

Valve + Actuator: Compact Automated On/Off Valve

Introducing—9S Series Investment Cast Swivels The "9S" Series swivels represent one of the most complete range of sizes and configurations available to industry. This series has been redesigned to incorporate a one-piece barrel arrangement, thus eliminating the need for braze joints. These swivels are pressure balanced with operating pressures up to 5,000 psi. All configurations are designed with a 4:1 Safety Factor and include RoHS compliant zinc plating.

assuredautomation.com/VA

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Do you have an application that produces an oil mist as the reservoir breathes? Are you tired of paying BIG money for something so simple that can take care of the problem? This is brand new from Flow Ezy and it simply mounts on top of the tank between the tank breather and the tank (as shown with one of Flow Ezy’s tank breathers).

Tried and tested. The Oil Mist Separator will keep the oil mist in the pipe and allow it go back into the tank and not into the environment. Simple, low cost, better for the environment, effective!

Phone: 800.237.1165 • Fax: 800.252.1730 Email: flowezy@flowezyfilters.com Website: www.flowezyfilters.com CIRCLE 129

Visit our unique online Valve Configurator to build, view, price or order your valve package easily and quickly.

P.O. Box 6479 • Fort Worth, TX 76115 V. 817/923-1965 • www.hydraulicsinc.com

NEW! From Flow Ezy Filters….

The Oil Mist Separator!

Flow Ezy Filters, Inc.

The VA Series is a compact, pneumatic on-off coaxial valve, available in 3/8” to 2”. Nickel plated brass body, Buna-N, Viton or EPDM seals make it ideal for hydraulic, pneumatic and vacuum control. Operating life has been tested to well over 1,000,000 cycles.

Double Pumps • “AA” Flange, 1DG Series • “A” Flange, 2DG Series • “B” Flange, 3DG Series New from Honor Gear Pumps. Now available from Corpus Christi inventory. "B" flange group 3, and "A" flange group 2, and "AA" flange group 1 double pumps are now available from the factory warehouse.

Standard group 3 models come with 7/8-13 tooth spline shaft and are available from 52cc on the front pump down to as small as 5cc on the rear.

Standard group 2 models come with either the 5/8-9 tooth spline or 5/8" keyed shaft, in displacements from 22cc on the front to 5cc on the rear.

Standard group 1 models come with a 1/2" keyed shaft, in displacements from 9cc on the front to 1cc on the rear.

Subject to center section displacements being 5cc, or 7cc, or 9cc, or 11cc, triple pumps are also available in the group 2 size pump frame.

Aluminum bodies with cast iron covers are standard heavy duty construction for all Honor single and double gear pumps.

Honor Gear Pumps Corp.

Proudly sold through distribution. Please call to be referred.

222 S. Navigation Blvd. • Corpus Christi, TX 78405 Toll free: 800.984.9727 • Local: 713.984.8144 • Fax: 713.461.9631 Email: service@honorpumps.com • Web: www.honorpumps.com CIRCLE 130

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WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

When you need a valve, fast, call Aignep USA. We have the valves you need to get your machine up and running quickly and for a great price. Our wide range of inline valves and manifolds come with an extensive array of operators including manual, mechanical, solenoid and air pilot, all in the most common sizes. Check out our fantastic line of fittings and accessories designed to make connections easy with the SWIFTFIT Universal Thread.

www.aignepusa.com

615.771.6650

CIRCLE 132

Stops Leaking Hydraulic Lines Save Time • Save Money • Save Labor • Save Oil • No tools required, one hand installation • No expensive hardware needed • No more rags stuffed into hoses • No more messy plastic caps • The ultimate contamination control tool • Eliminate hydraulic oil spills & clean up • Quick installation & ease of usage • Safe for personnel & environment • Industry acclaimed

Cooling Unit with Pump - OPC Time tested design, with quality constructed components will help your machine stay functional, even in the most demanding of conditions.

• High-performance aluminum bar plate construction • Ideal for hydraulic oil, gear lubricant oil, motor oil and water-glycol • Pressure to 26 bar (377 psi) • Wide range of configurations • Corrosion protection is available • Duplex and spin-on filtration options

FlangeLock™

Contact Mike Pearl at 914.980.8890 or email mike@flangelock.com • www.flangelock.com CIRCLE 131

219.872.9100 • www.ktr.com

CIRCLE 133

Check Valve Carriers Inserta® Check Valve Carriers provide a convenient and effective way to install an Inserta® ICS or IGS Slip-In check valve in a hydraulic system that uses SAE threaded ports. Alternatively, the carrier allows the check valve element to be positioned deep within a manifold. This carrier permits the check valve element to be oriented with free flow in either direction.

The flow path through the valve is axial as opposed to the 90 degree flow path in a typical hydraulic cartridge valve, which can provide design flexibility in certain applications.

Engineered To Endure A Small Company Attending Big Expectations As many modern end effector products become more the commodity, AGI stands alone as a ‘stocking’ manufacturer. Boasting ‘on the shelf’, AGI produces and stocks both parallel and angular grippers as well as a family of industry leading mini-slides and rotaries.

Price, Quality, Delivery The Promise from the “Little Guys”

ICS and IGS check valves, ordered separately, are available with fixed restrictive orifices for flow control options.

Inserta® Products

Manufacturers of Sophisticated Pneumatic Automation Products

Blue Bell, PA www.inserta.com 215.643.0192 CIRCLE 134

To place an order, email info@agi-automation.com For detailed product specifications and CAD drawings, visit www.agi-automation.com CIRCLE 135

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

MARCH/APRIL 2018

35

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Special Ad Section

D03, D05, D07, D08, D10 Valves and Circuit Stack Modulars

Levelux® Illuminated Liquid Level Gages Liquid level gages (left image) allow viewing of the contents of a hydraulic oil tank. These tanks are often located in partially obscured or dark areas.Levelux heightens visibility and draws attention to the liquid level with a motion activated LED light. This patent-pending design is available exclusively from Oil-Rite and is made in the USA.

Levelux® Illuminated Reservoirs and Oilers Reservoirs and oilers (right image) require monitoring to avoid depleting the contents. They are often located out of the direct line of sight or in dark areas. Levelux heightens visibility and draws attention to the liquid level with a motion activated LED light. This patent-pending design is available exclusively from Oil-Rite and is made in the USA.

Power Valve U.S.A. represents, as factory warehouse and sales office, a Taiwan manufacturer of D03, D05, D07, D08, and D10 valves, and modular circuit stack valves. With inventory in the Corpus Christi warehouse, all products are competitively priced, and machine tool quality. In fact the parent company, Tai Huei Oil Industry Co., Ltd. has been selling valves for over 25 years to the machine tool industry in Taiwan. All standard AC and DC voltages are available, and all standard spool configurations are in stock. Special spools are available. Pressures to 5000psi and flows from 16GPM (D03) to 211GPM (D10) are standard. With inventory on the shelf and very competitive pricing, we invite your inquiry.

Power Valve U.S.A.

920.682.6173 • sales@oilrite.com • www.oilrite.com

Proudly sold through distribution. Please call to be referred.

222 S. Navigation Blvd. • Corpus Christi, TX 78405 Contact the company at 713.869.1064 or e-mail to service@powervalveusa.com.

View basic specifications at www.powervalveusa.com

CIRCLE 136

CIRCLE 137

CONTACT US

to showcase your products and services in the Product Spotlight.

This special section is featured in the six bimonthly issues and is a high-profile area offering product-specific advertising. Visit our website, www. fluidpowerjournal. com for more information or to view our media guide.

Go ahead. Push me.

Ordinary heavy duty not heavy enough? Choose Yates Heavy-Duty Mill Cylinders for: • Induction-Hardened, Chrome-Plated Rods • Heavy Wall Tubing • Replaceable Glands & Retainer Rings • High-Load Piston Design Think indestructible and call Yates. www.yatesind.com

Corporate

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Alabama

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678.355.2240 CIRCLE 138

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Genuine Donaldson Internormen-Eaton Velcon-Parker We're hydraulic filter experts. We've been doing it for over 30 years. We're very competitive and happy to serve your needs. If you need hydraulic filter application help, we know the right questions, and we can give you the right answers.

J/T Hydraulics & Service Co. Inc.

1601 W. 25th Street • Houston, TX 77008 Local: 713-984-9727 • Toll Free: 800-591-8280 Fax: 713-861-2250 • www.jthydraulics.com • CIRCLE 139

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

Now Available!

Full MTRs and Lot Traceability

Air Separation – Optimized with HYDAC’s New Return Line Filters

A mesh window shroud design and in-to-out filtration keep turbulent flow to a minimum, even at full-flow conditions, resulting in optimum air separation. Available in four configurations (RKT, RFB, RFT, RKB), tank air-in-oil issues are now a thing of the past.

MAIN Manufacturing Products, Inc. now offers full MTRs and lot traceability on all common flanges. Carbon, stainless, and copper-nickel alloy are available. If not part of our 7000+ in-stock products, MAIN can manufacture and ship quickly. 4-5 days is common from our US facility.

MAIN Manufacturing Products, Inc. Phone: 800.521.7918 E-mail: info@mainmfg.com

www.HYDAC-NA.com

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CIRCLE 140

CONTACT US

Protection for All Things Hydraulic, Pneumatic, and Fluid Power OEM Linear Slides & Air Cylinders When built-to-order actuators are beyond the scope of your automation needs, PHD Optimax® provides prefabricated solutions that are economical and efficient, allowing you to integrate reliable components that get the job done. Built on the foundation of quality you’ve come to expect from PHD, these actuators meet machine builders' stringent performance requirements at a more competitive price.

PHD, Inc.

800.624.8511 • phdinfo@phdinc.com www.phdinc.com/optimax

MOCAP manufactures a full line of protective closures including a variety of sizes and styles of plastic Caps and Plugs for Metric, NPT, BSP, JIC and SAE Threaded Connections, Ports and Fittings. These are in addition to MOCAP’s already extensive lines of low-cost Caps, Plugs, Grips, Netting, Tubing and Tapes for Product Protection, Finishing and Masking. All of our stocked items are ready for immediate shipment and available in Box, Mini-Pack and Micro-Pack quantities.

to showcase your products and services in the Product Spotlight.

This special section is featured in the six bimonthly issues and is a high-profile area offering product-specific advertising. Visit our website, www. fluidpowerjournal. com for more information or to view our media guide.

www.mocap.com • sales@mocap.com 800.633.6775 • 314.543.4000 CIRCLE 143

CIRCLE 142

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37

COMPRESSED AIR WATER PROBLEMS

BY RON MARSHALL

Condensate drains are important to compressed air quality.

the dryer capacity is negatively affected, requiring a larger dryer than the capacity of the compressor.

• Dryers are not designed to process free water (already condensed).

ASSESSMENT RESULTS

J

oe, the maintenance manager, was pulling out his hair in frustration. He had been experiencing constant water problems in his compressed air, and he thought he could fix the problem with a new air dryer. He thought wrong, and there the problem was again, water dripping from his pipes, the contamination getting through his dryer and into his plant.

Out of his drains came a rusty, oily mixture of contaminants that ruined his air tools and clogged up his production machinery.

DRYER CHOICE Joe’s supplier was more than glad to sell him a new dryer when he asked. His dryer is a refrigerated style that has an internal cooling system inside. It cools the flow of compressed air down to just above the freezing point of water, then removes the condensed free water with a water separator and drain. Since his compressor was rated at around 400 cfm, Joe chose a 400 cfm dryer. The dryer was installed on a fabricated mezzanine right above his air compressor in the boiler room, due to the lack of space. There wasn’t enough space for a receiver tank, so the tank was placed outside the room on a tap in the main piping.

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ASSESSMENT Joe’s power utility was offering free compressed air assessments, so he took a chance and invited them in to have a look. It didn’t take long for the auditor to find a number of issues that were causing his problems.

The auditor quickly checked the inlet temperature to his air dryers with an infrared gun and looked at the filter and dryer drains.

He also examined the location of the storage receiver and how the compressed air flowed into the plant.

Before telling his findings, the auditor gave Joe a primer on compressed air water content and the effects of temperature. Here’s a summary: • The compressed air coming out of an air compressor is totally saturated and the amount of water vapor it contains depends on the temperature of the air.

• Every 20 degree F increase in air temperature doubles the amount of water.

• A common air dryer design rating follows the “three 100 rule”, no more than 100 degree F inlet compressed air temperature, 100 degree F ambient temperature at 100 psi. If temperatures are higher than this, or pressure lower,

After the lecture, the auditor took Joe for a tour of his compressed air system. The auditor pointed out the following problems and gave Joe a big final surprise: • Being located in a hot boiler room, the aircooled compressor had elevated temperatures. The discharge temperature of the compressor was too hot, running near 100 degrees F almost all the time.

• The cooling air discharge of the compressor came out the top. The auditor pointed out that the path of the hot discharge air was directly onto the air dryer installed above the compressor. This caused the dryer to experience ambient temperatures higher than its rating.

• There were no storage receivers on the wet side of the air dryer due to the lack of space.

The piping from the compressor flowed directly into the air dryer.

• The storage receiver on the outside of the room was only T-tapped. The compressed air did not flow through the tank, so no free water collected there.

• And finally, the auditor challenged Joe to do his own assessment of the condensate drain on his compressor’s water separator. This is where the free water that condenses after the air is cooled by the compressor aftercooler needs to be removed from the system before entering the dryer. This was a big challenge for Joe. He searched high and low for the drain, until the auditor pointed out there wasn’t one. Some brands of air compressors do not

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come with water separators and drains to save manufacturing costs, yet the separator and drain comprise one of the most important parts in terms of air quality.

Joe could see he had work to do. On the auditor’s recommendations he relocated his air compressor and dryer to near his loading bay, a cooler spot in the plant, and an area that could benefit in winter months from the heat of compression that comes from his equipment.

He installed a water separator on the outlet of his compressor and a wet receiver before his dryer where the compressed air could cool and drop its moisture. He made sure the dryer was well away from the hot compressor discharge.

And he reconfigured his dry receiver so the compressed air flowed through the receiver, allowing it to catch water should the dryer fail for any reason. Joe topped this all off by installing energy saving airless drains on all his separators, filters, receivers and dryers.

He was particularly careful to add a strainer before each drain and to design the condensate removal piping in a way that he could easily test each drain to ensure it was working.

The water problems that were plaguing his plant have now gone away, and Joe has a great sense of satisfaction. He was very pleased with the results of his compressed air assessment and also surprised about a few other recommendations. The auditor had also informed him that his aging air compressor could be replaced with a new more efficient type that could save him 50% of his compressed air electricity costs, and, on top of that, be partially paid for through an incentive program. So, as part of his project, he replaced his compressor with a new variable speed drive unit, and upgraded his dryer to a properly sized cycling style dryer that also saves energy. This time his compressor came with a water separator and efficient drain. His old unit became a standby.

Months into the completion of the project Joe could see the big decrease on his energy bill, which made him smile broadly.

Stainless Steel Check Valves, Thread-In Type

New Sizes Available

INSERTA® PRODUCTS Blue Bell, PA • www.inserta.com © 2018 Inserta® Products, Inc. CIRCLE 499

HYDRAULIC LINES SAVE TIME SAVE MONEY SAVE LABOR SAVE OIL

Ron Marshall is owner of Marshall Compressed Air Consulting, a company that specializes in compressed air efficiency assessments.

Visit www.compressedairaudit.com Join the LinkedIn discussion group: Compressed Air Efficiency

Stops Leaking

FlangeLock™

For more information contact Mike Pearl at 914.980.8890 or email: mike@flangelock.com

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No tools required No expensive hardware needed No more rags stuffed into hoses No more messy plastic caps The ultimate contamination control tool One hand installation Eliminate hydraulic oil spills & clean up Quick installation & ease of usage Safe for personnel & environment Industry acclaimed

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100% This product is Patented, other Patents pending.

MARCH/APRIL 2018

39

CIRCLE 500

DISPLACEMENT

BY DAN HELGERSON, CFPS, CFPAI, CFPJPP, CFPSD, CFPMT, PERISSEUMA ENERGY

T

here seems to be a lot of excitement about the emerging technology Fig. 1 surrounding the Digital Displacement® pumps (DDP) and motors (DDPM) developed and patented in 1994 by Stephen Salter, co-founder of Artemis Intelligent Power. It is time to be rethinking the way we transfer energy through fluids, and I am delighted to learn about alternative approaches and new products that could make our industry stronger. Digital Displacement® has shown a substantial energy benefit using the technology to harvest energy from wind and waves by replacing mechanical gear boxes with hydraulic transmissions. When applied to an excavator, the technology demonstrated fuel savings of up to 20%, and maybe more importantly, an increase in productivity of nearly 30%. It is anticipated that the DDP will be able to reduce the need for a variable frequency drive (VFD) or a soft starter because the pump can be started with very little hydraulic load. For many, this digital technology may provide some real and welcomed cost savings, as well as improvements in productivity.

How it works: The logic behind the function of the Digital Displacement® pump is actually quite simple and straight forward. It is a series of fixed, positive displacement, reciprocating piston pumps that are arranged radially around a cam ring. The pumps can be individually turned on and off. Each piston pump has its own control system consisting of a solenoid operated poppet valve, a check valve and a piston position sensor.

When configured so that the unit can be used as a pump or a motor (DDPM), each piston has two solenoids. These controls allow each pump to be put into or out of service in as little as 30 ms as the demand requires and can thereby limit the amount of fluid that enters the power stream. In effect, it is a multi-step transmission with each step capable of varying its output flow. The number, orientation, and size of the pistons can vary widely. Artemis Intelligent Power built a unit with 68 pistons that is used in capturing the energy from a wind turbine. A common configuration uses 12 pistons, arranged in 3 groups of 4 (Fig. 1).

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Fig. 2: Solenoids De-energized, No Flow

The simplified circuit diagrams showing a six-piston pump (Figs. 2, 3) show how this is accomplished. As the cam rotates, the pistons are alternately drawn in and pushed out. A check valve separates the high and low-pressure areas of the pump and a pull solenoid valve opens and closes the path from the low-pressure area. This makes it possible to treat each reciprocating pump as an individual source.

When no solenoid valves are energized, (Fig. 2) the low-pressure source would remain available to the piston during the complete revolution of the cam. The piston would simply cycle fluid out and back in to the low-pressure core. It would effectively be taken out of the circuit and would require very little energy. In the event of electrical power failure, the DDP would fail to a no-flow, low-pressure condition.

When a solenoid valve is energized, (Fig. 3) the piston would draw from the low-pressure core and then exhaust into the high-pressure core.

For example: if each of the 6 pistons has a displacement of 10 cc (.61 in3), there would be a total displacement of 60 cc (3.7 in3). At 1800 RPM, the flow potential would be 108 lpm (28.5 gpm).

As each piston is put in service by energizing its control solenoid, the potential flow is increased by 18 lpm (4.8 gpm). If part of a work cycle requires only 54 lpm (14.3 gpm), 3 of the solenoids can be strategically energized to produce the required output.

Energizing the solenoids can also be timed in different ways so that only a portion of the piston displacement would be sent to the high-pressure core. To illustrate again using our 6-piston pump: if the flow demand is 63 lpm (16.6 gpm) the displacement of 3.5 pistons would be required. This could be accomplished by energizing 3 solenoids to put 3 pistons in service and 1 solenoid to close the path to the low-pressure side as the piston reached half stroke; half of the

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

®

piston displacement would enter the pressure stream. Another approach would be to provide an average flow per minute by energizing all the solenoids for 1,044 revolutions and then leaving them de-energized for 756 revolutions. If these approaches cause unwanted power ripples, the same flow can be achieved by timing each of the 6 solenoids to cause the pistons to displace only 5.8 cc per cycle by “turning them on” at 58% stroke. So, there are not only 6 incremental flows available, but many discrete increments as well. The DDP can closely mimic an infinitely variable displacement pump without having to maintain a constant core pressure. The individual pistons can be at inlet pressure regardless of the pressure at the outlet of the pump.

Another feature is that the output of each piston can be isolated to provide flow to several circuits; in our example, 6 separate functions could be fed from one single DDP, each with varying flow up to 18 lpm (4.8 gpm).

While the logic of Digital Displacement® is straight forward, it is still a complicated piece of equipment. This does not necessarily mean that the DDP will be more costly to maintain.

The individual moving parts do not have lower machining tolerances than conventional piston pumps and so do not require a greater fluid cleanliness level. The DDP and DDPM are designed to be computer controlled. Adjusting the timing of the solenoids based on signals from

Fig. 3: Solenoids Energized, Full Flow

the piston position sensors and feedback from the work site is critical to gain the full advantage of the technology. This makes it clear that the use of the DDP will require a greater level of fluid power knowledge and experience than with pressure compensated or load sensing pumps.

It would not be appropriate to make a price comparison between a conventional pressure

compensated pump and a DDP. The comparison needs to include the entire system: prime mover, reservoir, heat exchanger, directional and electronic controls, and programming.

It may well be that the savings in energy and the increase in productivity may outweigh any potential cost imbalance.

•Quality •Price •Now! Directional Control Solenoid Valves & Modulars D03, D05, D07, D08, D10

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POWER VALVE U.S.A. Corpus Christi, TX • 713-869-1064 www.powervalveusa.com • service@powervalveusa.com CIRCLE 501

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high water based fluids may lose water as it evaporates and will need to be continually monitored and replenished. The same fluid may become useless at cold temperatures because of high viscosity or freezing.

A fluid must be chosen that has a viscosity range and proper lubricity for the environment in which it will be working.

Ensure Temperature and Viscosity Compatibility

Temperature is often the controlling parameter (when choosing a fluid). No single fluid meets all the performance requirements in even a single range of temperatures. The truth is that the designer must sacrifice some “important” characteristics to achieve “essential” characteristics.

Viscosities are low at the higher temperatures, and oxidation will deteriorate the oil in open systems. However, both closed systems and proper bearing and seal design help solve both problems.

problems are magnified temperatures rise.and Mildso fluids become corrosive when hot; stable fluids problems ofMost performance, leakage,asenergy usage, forth. break down into useless new compounds.

Viscosity too high (fluid is too thick): he temperature which the fluid isto to be working must be Temperature Viscosity • Highat resistance flow. considered. At elevated temperatures, high water based fluids Increased energy consumption may • lose water as it evaporates and will need to be continually due to increased friction, and increased input requireme Some pumps and motors areuseless limited by monitored and replenished.

The same fluid may become the pump. viscosity and lubricity and must be at cold temperatures fluid because of high viscosity or freezing.

A fluid • High temperatures created by power lost to friction. de-rated if low viscosity or high must be chosen that has a viscosity range and proper lubricity for water • Increased pressure (∆P) due to increased resistance to flow. content (HWCF) drop are used.

The right the environment in which it willfluids be working. pump and/or motor must be choosing chosen afor the Temperature often theor controlling parameter (when • isSlow sluggish operation/actuation. fluidallbeing used or requirements the right fluid must be fluid). No single fluid meets the performance in even a • Inefficient separation ofmust air from the oil in the reservoir. chosen pump and/or motor single range of temperatures.

The for truththe is that the designer sacrificethat is • Pump cavitation. specified. some “important” characteristics to achieve “essential” characteristics.

T

Viscosities are low at the higher temperatures, and oxidation will deteriorate the oil in open However, both closed systems Note:systems.

In a straight petroleum product for lowdesign (fluid too thin): andViscosity proper bearingtoo and seal help is solve both problems. every 18°F rise above 140°F, the life of the • Increased internal leakage.

Most problems arefluid magnified rise. Mild fluids is cutas intemperatures half. become corrosive when hot; stable fluids break down into useless • Excess wear. Seizure, particularly of pumps, could occur under heavy load of a breakdo new compounds.

To adequately carry out the previously lubrication film between the clearances of moving parts.

Some pumps and motors are limited by fluid viscosity and lubricity stated purposes, the fluids used in hyand must be if low viscosity or high water content fluids • de-rated Decreased pump efficiency (volumetric) due to increased leakage and possible cylinder blo draulic systems must possess, to varying (HWCF) are used. Thedegrees, right pumpspecific and/or motor must becharacteristics. chosen for desirable This could cause increased cycle times or slower machine operation. the fluid being used or the right fluid must be chosen for the pump Not all fluids will have all of the necessary • and/or motor thatInternal is specified. leakage, causing an increase in operating temperatures

attributes in equal strength. Consequently, when selecting fluids it is sometimes necNote: In a straight petroleum product for every 18°F rise essary to compromise properties in There are numerous methodssome for defining viscosity. Among these are: absolute or dynamic viscos above 140°F, the life of the fluid is cut in half. favor of others that may be more important tipoise/cP), kinematic viscosity (centistoke/CST) and relative viscosity as measured in Saybolt for specific application requirement.

In To adequately carry out a the stated purposes, the fluidssystems Seconds (SUS orpreviously SSU).

Most hydraulic run with oil in the range of 150 to 300 SUS with ty general these properties include: viscosity used in hydraulic systems must possess, to varying degrees, specific viscosity grade (ISO-VG) range of ISO-VG-22 to -68. and viscosity index, pour point, lubricating desirable characteristics. Not all fluids will have all of the necessary ability, oxidation resistance, compatibility attributes in equal strength. Consequently, when selecting fluids it is with systemsome elements, and corrosion Fig. 3-37 Temperature Viscosity sometimes necessary to compromise properties rust in favor of others The viscosity of virtually all fluids used in hydraulic systems is affected by variations in temperature protection, andapplication demulsibility. that may be more important for a specific requirement. In

Temperature

ity these Index or VI is an arbitrary number that characterizes the variation of viscosity of a fluid with v general properties include: viscosity and viscosity index, pour 1.

Effect of Improved Viscosity Index The viscosity of a fluid may be defined its resistance toThe flow at a given temperature.

If a fluidis flows easily, point, lubricating ability, oxidation resistance, compatibility with of temperature. Simply put, the higher aasfluid's VIFignumber, the less change there in the fluid's is low. A and fluid that flows with difficulty would be said to have high viscosity. It has more resissystem elements, rustits andviscosity corrosion protection, demulsibility. over a given range of temperatures The viscosity of a fluid maytobeflow defined as its resistance to flow at or "thinner" fluid. tance than the lower viscosity as temperature. shown inIf aFig. 3-38. a given fluid flows easily, its viscosity is low. A fluid Hot Temperature that flows with difficulty would be said to have high viscosity. has Viscosity affects the fluid's abilityItto be pumped, transmitted through the system, carry a load, and maintain more resistance to flow than the lower viscositytypically or “thinner” separation (lubrication) betweenfluid. moving surfaces. The selection of proper viscosity is often a compromise Multiple viscosity oils Viscosity Viscosity affects the fluid’s ability to be pumped, in order to optimize systemtransmitted performance. Too high, or too low a viscosity for a given system, could present include additives through the system, carry a load, and(polymers) maintain separationto (lubricaCold .HIGH Temperature tion) between moving surfaces.

The selection of proper viscosity is improve the viscosity index.

These VI often a compromise in orderManual to optimize system performance. Too ual • 12/22/17 Study • 12/22/17 Hydraulic Specialist Certification • 3 - 57 oils can exhibit both temporary and high, or too low a viscosity for a given system, could present problems permanent decreases ofso viscosity of performance, leakage, energy usage, and forth.

due to oil shear during hydraulic operation.

Consequently, • machine High resistance to flow. viscosity fluids with high • multiple Increased energy consumption due to increased friction, and LOW increased input requirement at the pump. shear stability are desirable.

VI • High temperatures created by power lost to friction. viscosity hydraulic fluids,to flow.

• The Increased pressure dropof (ΔP) due to increased resistance Viscosity • particularly Slow or sluggish operation/actuation. petroleum-based fluids Temperature • Inefficient separation of air from the oil in the reservoir. and vegetable oils, is directly and Fig. 3-38 The Effect of Improved Viscosity Index • Pump cavitation. sometimes adversely affected by changes in temperature. For this reason, it is essential that the startup and operating temper 42 mobile MARCH/APRIL 2018 WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG machinery be monitored. To insure proper lubrication, machinery should not be put into hi or heavily loaded operation until the system fluid is warmed up to the operating temperature.

VISCOSITY TOO HIGH (FLUID IS TOO THICK):

ils at specified test temperatures, illustrated in Fig. 3-39. Winter numbers (0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, etc.) re specified viscosity ranges at cold temperatures. Summer oil viscosity numbers (20, 30, 40, etc.) are measured at 212°F. Fig 2. SAE Viscosity Numbers Summer 26 -

10000 -

24 -

9000 -

22 -

22.7

8000 -

20 -

SAE 50

7000 -

Kinematic 18 Viscosity cSt @ 212° F

Winter

16 -

16.8

14 -

SAE 40

12 10 8 6 4 -

12.9

SAE 30 9.5

SAE 20

Absolute Viscosity

6000 -

cP @ 0° F

4000 -

5000 3000 2000 1000 -

5.7

QUALITY HYDRAULIC HOSE & ACCESSORIES

9600

NEW

SAE 20W

4800

SAE 15W 2400 10W SAE 1200

Kuriyama Hydraulic Connections Catalog • Includes new Alfabiotech extra flexible and bio oil resistant hydraulic hoses. • New Flexor TR4XF extra flexible SAE 100 R4 oil return hose.

SAE 5W

NEW

Fig. 3-39 SAE Viscosity Numbers Quick Release Couplings

nternational Standards Organization (ISO) viscosity grades are shown in Fig. 3-40. The ISO viscosity grade VISCOSITY TOOofLOW (FLUID IS TOO THIN): umber represents a range kinematic viscosity values at 40°C (104°F), and is the midpoint number of • Increased internal he range. The ISO designation is leakage. becoming more popular, and many fluid suppliers are incorporating the • Excess wear.

Seizure, particularly of pumps, could occur under heavy load of a breakesignation in their brand description. down in lubrication film between the clearances of moving parts.

• Decreased pump efficiency (volumetric) due to increased leakage and possible cylinder blow-by. This could cause increased cycle times or slower machine operation.

120 Kuriyama Hydraulic Quick Couplers Catalog • Internal leakage, causing an increase in operating temperatures • For fast and easy connections of hydraulic 110 110 hoses. • Made from high strength carbon There are numerous methods for defining viscosity. Among these are: absolute or ISOVG100 100 viscosity (centistoke/CST) 100 kinematic dynamic viscosity (centipoise/cP), and relative steel with chrome-III zinc plating. • Ideal for viscosity as measured in Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS or SSU).

Most hydraulic systems agricultural machinery and industrial equipment.

90 90 run with oil in the range of 150 to 300 SUS with typical ISO viscosity grade (ISO-VG) range of ISO-VG-22 to -68.

80 Kinematic The viscosity ofViscosity virtually all fluids used in hydraulic systems NEW 74.8 is affected by variations in - arbitrary 68 number that characterizes temperature. Viscosity Index or VI70 is an ISOVG68 the variation

of viscosity of a fluid with 61.2 put, the higher a fluid’s VI cSt @ variations 60 -of temperature. Simply number, the less change there is in the fluid’s viscosity over a given range of temperatures 40° C 50.6 50 as shown in Fig. 1.

ISOVG46 46 Multiple viscosity oils typically include additives (polymers) 41.4 to improve the viscosity 40 index. These oils can exhibit both temporary and permanent decreases of viscosity due 35.2 ISOVG32viscosity fluids to oil shear during hydraulic machine multiple 32 Consequently,

28.8 30 - operation.

Piranhaflex™ Non-Conductive Hydraulic Hoses

24.2 fluids, particularly petrowith high shear stability are desirable. The viscosity of hydraulic 46 22 • Series PF267NC has improved flexural ISOVG22 20is-directly and sometimes19.8 leum-based fluids and vegetable oils, adversely affected by changes

rigidity offering increased flexibility for medium in temperature. For this reason, it is essential that the startup and operating temperatures 10 pressure hydraulic oil and lubrication lines. of mobile machinery be monitored. To insure proper lubrication, machinery should not be • Series PFLT364 for medium pressure put into high speed or heavily loaded operation until the system fluid is warmed up to the operating temperature.

Hydraulic lines for fork trucks in cold Arctic conditions will causeFig. an increase inViscosity viscosity that could result in pump cavitation storage applications.

3-40 ISO Grades and severe damage to the hydraulic system at startup. Many hydraulic components for mobile • New P400 Portable Service hose crimper. applications are designed with cold starting conditions taken into consideration and offer some protection against cavitation until the fluid is warmed to operating temperatures. tudy Manual •Unless 12/22/17 Hydraulic Specialist • 3 - 59 otherwise indicated by the manufacturer, mobile machinery is typically run atCertification idle until satisfactory operating temperature is attained.

Excessive heat in a system can cause a reduction in viscosity. This will result in severe wear due to a loss of lubricity as well as the destruction of the fluid through oxidation. Severe oxidation, in turn, may cause the fluid to thicken by causing varnish, sludge, corrosive acids, and the destruction of additives. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has established numbers to specify ranges of viscosity for engine oils at specified test temperatures, illusPhone: (847) 755-0360 | Fax: (847) 885-0996 trated in Fig. 2. Winter numbers (0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, etc.) are specified viscosity ranges at 360 E. State Parkway • Schaumburg, IL 60173 cold temperatures. Summer oil viscosity numbers (20, 30, 40, etc.) are measured at 212°F. THE ASSOCIATION FOR HOSE AND ACCESSORIES DISTRIBUTION

EDITION 1017

sales@kuriyama.com

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CIRCLE 503

number represents a range of kinematic viscosity values at 40°C (104°F), and is the midpoi the range. The ISO designation is becoming more popular, and many fluid suppliers are inco designation in their brand description.

International Standards Organization (ISO) viscosity grades are shown Fig 3. ISO Viscosity Numbers in Fig. 3. The ISO viscosity grade number represents a range of kinematic viscosity values at 40°C (104°F), and is the midpoint number of the range.

120 The ISO designation is becoming more popular, and many fluid suppliers 110 110 are incorporating the designation in their brand description.

A useful tool, particularly with mobile equipment exposed to radical ISOVG100 100 100 changes in temperature, is to obtain occasional verifications of a fluid’s adherence to its specified viscosity. Of course, this specified viscosity 90 90 should be defined within the operating parameters of the application.

When viscosity analysis is used as a fluid monitoring tool, realize that the 80 Kinematic 74.8 actual viscosities of new fluids can vary somewhat from their specificaViscosity 70 68 tions. Consequently, changes in viscosity over a period of time are usually ISOVG68

considered more important than an actual reading. Changes of more than 61.2 cSt @ 60 10% from the original reading are considered an indication of problems.

40° C 50.6 50 ISOVG46 46 41.4 40 TEST YOUR SKILLS

30 -

1. Viscosity is defined as: a. Having consistent thickness throughout a temperature range. b. Resistance to flow at a given temperature. c. The stiction of the fluid. d. The pour point of the fluid. e. The evaporation point of the fluid.

Study Manual • 12/22/17

Go to page 46 for the solution.

2. What is the reason for knowing the chemical compatibility? a. Increased energy consumption. b. Higher temperatures in the fluid. c. Difficulty of air separation. d. Potential cavitation. e. None of the above.

Study Manual • 12/22/17

20 10 -

32

46 22

35.2 ISOVG32

28.8 24.2 ISOVG22 19.8

Fig. 3-40 ISO Viscosity Grades

NOTE: There was a misprint in the solution to the Test Your Skills in the 2018 Systems Integrator Directory issue. The Hydraulic Specialist Certifi correct solutions should be 1. b, 2. e.

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MARCH/APRIL 2018

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Take Your Best Shot Submit your fluid power photo by visiting www.ifps.org or www.fluidpowerjournal.com to take your shot at prize money and recognition.

Enter before the March 31st deadline!

Each year, the International Fluid Power Society and the Fluid Power Journal hold a photo contest in honor of Fluid Power Professionals' Day. This year’s contest runs from January 1 through March 31, 2018.

THE 2018 CATEGORIES ARE:

PHOTOS ARE JUDGED BY THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA:

NEW PERSPECTIVE: Photos that show fluid power used in novel ways and from views not everyone gets to see.

TEAMWORK: Photos of people working together using fluid power to get the job done.

FUN WITH FLUID POWER: Photos that capture the joy of using, learning, or teaching about hydraulics and pneumatics.

THE MUSCLE OF FLUID POWER: Photos that capture the might of fluid power in action.

SUBJECT: Does the photo clearly depict fluid power?

ORIGINALITY: Is the photo fresh and unique?

VISUAL IMPACT: Is the photo dramatic and visually impressive?

QUALITY: Is the photo in focus with good contrast and lighting, and does it capture the subject? (Hint: use a resolution of 300 ppi at 100% size for the best results.)

A PEOPLE’S CHOICE prize will be awarded based on votes during a one-week voting period – stay tuned for details.

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A panel of judges will announce three winners for each category on June 19, 2018 in celebration of Fluid Power Professionals' Day. THE FOLLOWING CASH PRIZES WILL BE AWARDED: 1st - $250, 2nd - $100, 3rd - $50, People’s Choice - $100

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CLASSIFIEDS

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ADVERTISER INDEX Company................................................ Page......... Circle Aggressive Hydraulics....................................... 26.............. 103 AGI - American Grippers Inc.............................. 22.............. 490 AGI - American Grippers Inc.............................. 35.............. 135 Aignep USA......................................................... 41.............. 501 Aignep USA......................................................... 35.............. 132 Assured Automation.......................................... 19.............. 488 Assured Automation.......................................... 34.............. 128 Aventics.............................................................. 17.............. 487 Aventics.............................................................. 26.............. 104 CFC Industrial Training...................................... 46.............. 505 EUFMC 2018....................................................... 44.............. 504 Flange Lock........................................................ 39.............. 500 Flange Lock........................................................ 35.............. 131 Flow Ezy Filters Inc............................................ 34.............. 129 Fluid Energy Controls......................................... 31.............. 497 Fluidyne Fluid Power............................................ 9.............. 482 Fluidyne Fluid Power.......................................... 33.............. 124 Fluidyne Fluid Power.......................................... 26.............. 105 Honor Pumps U.S.A............................................. 5.............. 479 Honor Pumps U.S.A........................................... 34.............. 130 Hydac International Inc...................... Inside Front.............. 101 Hydac International Inc...................................... 37.............. 140 Hydac International Inc...................................... 26.............. 106 Hydraulics Inc..................................................... 22.............. 491 Hydraulics Inc..................................................... 34.............. 127 Inserta Products................................................. 39.............. 499 Inserta Products................................................. 32.............. 120 Inserta Products................................................. 35.............. 134 J/T Hydraulics & Service Co.............................. 36.............. 139 Keller America...................................................... 7.............. 481 Keller America.................................................... 33.............. 121 Kelly Pneumatics Inc......................................... 23.............. 492 Kelly Pneumatics Inc..........................Inside Back.............. 102 Kelly Pneumatics Inc......................................... 32.............. 119 Kelly Pneumatics Inc......................................... 26.............. 107 KTR Corporation................................................. 21.............. 489 KTR Corporation................................................. 35.............. 133

Company................................................ Page......... Circle Kuriyama of America......................................... 43.............. 503 Kuriyama of America......................................... 27.............. 108 La-Man Corp....................................................... 27.............. 109 Lubriplate Inc........................................................ 3.............. 478 Main Manufacturing Products Inc.................... 27.............. 110 Main Manufacturing Products Inc.................... 37.............. 141 MOCAP INC........................................................ 28.............. 493 MOCAP INC........................................................ 37.............. 143 Oil-Rite Corp....................................................... 36.............. 136 Oil-Rite Corp....................................................... 27.............. 111 PHD Inc............................................................... 14.............. 484 PHD Inc............................................................... 37.............. 142 PHD Inc............................................................... 27.............. 112 Polyconn.............................................. Back Cover.............. 100 Polyconn............................................................. 32.............. 118 Polyconn............................................................. 27.............. 113 Power Valve U.S.A.............................................. 41.............. 502 Power Valve U.S.A.............................................. 36.............. 137 SC Hydraulic Engineering Corp......................... 31.............. 498 SC Hydraulic Engineering Corp......................... 34.............. 126 SIKO Products Inc.............................................. 15.............. 485 Sonceboz SA...................................................... 29.............. 495 Super Swivels..................................................... 28.............. 114 Swep North America Inc.................................... 15.............. 486 Swep North America Inc.................................... 32.............. 117 Ultra Clean Technologies................................... 13.............. 483 Ultra Clean Technologies................................... 28.............. 115 Vac Cubes.......................................................... 30.............. 496 Vac Cubes.......................................................... 33.............. 123 VEST Inc............................................................ 11.............. 476 Wilkes & McLean Ltd........................................... 5.............. 480 Wilkes & McLean Ltd......................................... 33.............. 122 Yates Industries Inc............................................. 1.............. 477 Yates Industries Inc........................................... 36.............. 138 Yates Industries Inc........................................... 28.............. 116 Youli-America, a Division of RanFam LLC........ 28.............. 494 Youli-America, a Division of RanFam LLC........ 33.............. 125

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