Studio 3A Portfolio by Isabelle Fleming

Th e C o a s t l i n e Aquatic Centre Studio 3A Isabelle Fleming

ISABELLE FLEMING S I D : 4 9 0 3 5 6 814 BDES3026 S T U D I O 3 A 2 0 21 TUTOR: CRISTINA ARANZUBIA UNIT COORDINATORS: EDUARDO DE OLIVERIA BARATA RICHARD HOUGH

Th e U n i v e r s i t y o f S y d n e y a n d Th e C o a s t l i n e A q u a t i c C e n t r e acknowledge the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation, the traditional owners of the land upon which this building stands.

Wa t e r The w a t e r u n d e rs t a n d s civilization well; It wets my foot, but prettily, It chills my life, but wittily, It is not disconcerted, It is not broken-hearted: We l l u s e d , i t d e c ke t h j o y , Adorneth, doubleth joy: Ill used, it will destroy, In perfect time and measure With a face of golden pleasure Elegantly destroy. - Ra l p h Wa l d o E m e rs o n

Project Overview Th e C o a s t l i n e A q u a t i c C e n t r e a i m s t o i n s p i r e t h e celebration of earths most precious resource

Th e m i s s i o n w a s t o f o r m a n o p e n a n d e n j o y a b l e p u b l i c s p a c e w h i l e also protecting the privacy of its users from the busy surroundings. Th i s c e n t r e c e l e b r a t e s w a t e r i n i t s m a n y n a t u r a l f o r m s a n d s e e k s t o inspire an appreciation from those who experience it. An urban oasis is a place for exercise, relaxation and entertainment in a club-like atmosphere operating from 5am till Midnight - bringing the restorative qualities of water to a dense urban area with a mix of swimming, floating, eating, drinking and relaxation.

Building Title: The Coastline Aquatic Centre Location: 14-26 Wattle Street Pyrmont Sydney, Australia Project Type: Public Facility Site Area: 4,930m2

S y d n e y ’s r i c h h i s t o r y o f c o a s t a l g a t h e r i n g s l e a d t h e i n s p i r a t i o n f o r t h i s a q u a t i c c e n t r e . Th e f a m i l i a r i t i e s o f a c o a s t l i n e o c e a n p o o l t h r o u g h t h e form and material choice creates a familiar comforting environment. Th i s a q u a t i c c e n t r e a i m s t o p r o v i d e a n i m m e r s i v e a n d d i v e r s e experience of water from the demonstration of water collection and reuse to the range of scales in which users can view and swim. Th e s i t e i s a f o r m e r q u a r r y o n t h e w e s t e r n s i d e o f t h e r i d g e t h a t f o r m s the Pyrmont peninsula.

Th e e a s t e r n e d g e o f r e m a i n s a s a n e x p o s e d

rock face with dense regrowth vegetation.

Th e r o c k f a c e s t e p s d o w n

at the north east corner where the site is bounded by the public access way from James Street to the light rail station.

The University of Sydney: Studio 3A Date Completed: 15 June 2021

Table of Content

Site Analysis

A C e l e b r a t i o n o f Wa t e r

Th e To u r

Gridshell Structure

Model Photos

References

Isabelle Fleming

Located in busy Pyrmont, accessibility to the site is an advantage of the location however creating a private space was the challenge. Th e m i s s i o n o f t h i s p u b l i c s p a c e w a s t o b e a n o p e n a n d e n j o y a b l e environment while also protecting its users from the busy traffic and public eye. Luckily, with the steep terrain, the building is protected w i t h a d d i t i o n a l l a n d s c a p i n g a d d e d f o r p r i v a c y. Th e s i t e g e t s p l e n t y of sunlight on its south west facade and sits directly adjacent to the light-rail and nearby bus stops creating the opportunit y so users will take public transit or walk from the nearby park.

Site Boundary

Nearby Buildings

Public Parks

Traffic Circulation

Coastline Aquatic Centre

Shadow Studies

Isabelle Fleming

Site History

S y d n e y ’s r i c h h i s t o r y o f c o a s t a l g a t h e r i n g s l e a d t o t h e i n s p i r a t i o n f o r t h i s a q u a t i c c e n t r e . Th e f a m i l i a r i t i e s o f a c o a s t l i n e o c e a n p o o l t h r o u g h t h e f o r m a n d m a t e r i a l creates a welcoming environment.

Before European settlement the Eora tribe of Indigenous Australians inhabited the a r e a . T h e i r A b o r i g i n a l n a m e f o r t h i s a r e a w a s ‘ P i r r a m a ’, w h i c h i s s t i l l t h e n a m e o f a road on the Pyrmont waterfront. Pyrmont quarries provided sandstone for many o f S y d n e y ’ s 19 t h c e n t u r y b u i l d i n g s . T h e f i r s t P y r m o n t B r i d g e o p e n e d i n 18 5 8 . A l a r g e r b r i d g e w i t h a s w i n g i n g s p a n o p e n e d i n 19 0 2 . P y r m o n t b e c a m e a w o r k i n g class industrial and por t communit y. A major sugar refiner y was operated by CSR Limited. We believe that the people called this area Pirrama, but par ticular sites a r e e l u s i v e . T i n k e r ’s We l l d i s a p p e a r e d a s q u a r r i e s a n d f a c t o r i e s r e s h a p e d t h e l a n d . I n d u s t r y c a m e s l o w l y t o P y r m o n t u n t i l t h e 18 7 0 s , w h e n q u a r r i e s c h a n g e d t h e landscape, sugar was shipped in to be refined, and trains brought wool and wheat t o b e s t o re d a n d e x p o r t e d t h ro u g h D a r l i n g H a r b o u r.

Pyrmont became famously

smoky, noisy and smelly. During t wo world wars, the pace was frenetic. 19 5 0 s o n w a r d s , h o w e v e r , o l d i n d u s t r i e s l o s t m o m e n t u m .

From the

I n t h e 19 9 0 s t h e s t a t e

government stepped in to launch a second wave of industry, based on clean, quiet, high-technology and high rise apartments.

Coastline Aquatic Centre

A . T i s c h b a u e r , 18 9 3 , P y r m o n t Q u a r r y

Isabelle Fleming

Coastline Inspiration

Coastline Aquatic Centre

S y d n e y ’s I n d i g e n o u s i n h a b i t a n t s , t h e E o r a , w e r e s a l t w a t e r p e o p l e , a s m u c h a t h o m e on the waters of harbour and rivers as on dr y land. Children grew up partly in bark canoes called nowies and learned to fish from their earliest years, the girls with l i n e s a n d s h e l l h o o k s , t h e b o y s w i t h s h e l l - t i p p e d s p e a r s . Th e e a r l y c o l o n i a l s e t t l e r s o f t h e 18 0 0 s w e r e a l s o w a t e r b o u n d a n d w a t e r b o r n e – e v e r y o n e i n S y d n e y - t o w n g o t around in boats in those years. Most of the early explorations were by water too, via Parramatta River, Pitt water, Broken Bay, and the might y Hawkesbur y River, when s e t t l e r s f i n a l l y f o u n d i t s m o u t h o n a n e x p l o r a t o r y e x p e d i t i o n i n J u n e 17 8 9 .

Th e w e a l t h y a n d p r i v i l e g e d b u i l t t h e i r r o m a n t i c v i l l a s o n t h e h e i g h t s , b u t o r d i n a r y folk had access to the waters too, for work, rest and play.

To e m b r a c e t h e c o a s t a l c u l t u r e o f S y d n e y ,

the aquatic centre will utilize materials

s u i t e d t o c o m p l i m e n t t h i s f e e l i n g . Th e i n s p i r a t i o n f r o m w a t e r g o e s o n m a n y levels, the forms from the natural curves, the water in its various scales and the conservation of this precious material itself.

Isabelle Fleming

Th e C u l t u r e o f

S y d n e y a n d N e w S o u t h Wa l e s c a n b o a s t t h e l a r g e s t

Coastal Pools

number of ocean pools in Australia, mainly in response to its wild coastline, exposed to the full force of the surf. O v e r t i m e , a l m o s t 10 0 p o o l s h a v e b e e n c re a t e d t o s e r v e the state's population. Ocean pools came into fashion as part of the trend towards swimming as a competitive sport. Recreational and competitive swimmers needed a place to do laps, safe from strong waves and the risk of shark attacks. Part of the attraction is that each pool is unique, with shapes made to fit into the landscape w h e r e t h e y f o r m e d . Th e e x p e r i e n c e o f b e i n g c o n n e c t e d to the landscape as locals sit and relax on the exposed sandstone.

Th e o c e a n p o o l s a r e n e v e r g o i n g t o b e s t a n d a r d i z e d — each one is going to be a more special place of its own

Coastline Aquatic Centre

Rather than being designed, ocean pools are a matter

Wa l k w a y

o f w h a t i s n e c e s s a r y. Th e y d o n ’ t c o m p e t e w i t h t h e

between

landscape, they facilitate it. Some pools have wandering

bodies

outlines nestled into a natural platform. Others are

of water

straight cut rectangles, good for swimming laps. Many a re i n - b e t w e e n o r a m i x t u re o f b o t h . Wh a t t h e y a l l o f f e r is a protected alternative to swimming at the beach. R e s t i n g o n t h e w a t e r ’s e d g e , o c e a n p o o l s a r e n o n e t h e l e s s at the mercy of the surf and subject to the full force of the ocean. At their core ocean pools are understated and d e m u r i n t h e l a n d s c a p e . Th e y a l l o w u s t o e x p e r i e n c e t h e w a t e r ’s e d g e i n t i m a t e l y , s a f e l y a n d w i t h e a s e .

Ocean pools should continue to tell the story of our affinity with the coastline.

Isabelle Fleming

Timber Th e w a r m t h o f t i m b e r e x t e n d s o u r c o n n e c t i o n t o n a t u r e . Th i s s u s t a i n a b l e m a t e r i a l is ideal for inspiring and is perfect for assembly construction. Glass Th i s m a t e r i a l p a i r s w e l l w i t h t i m b e r i n i t ’s w e i g h t l e s s n e s s a n d e l e g a n c e . Fo r w a t e r collection, it enables viewers to see through the water funnel along with the glass interior spaces and walls leave an open inviting space.

Wa t e r Wa t e r i t s e l f r e m a i n s c o n s i s t e n t y e t c a n b e p e r c e i v e d i n m a n y v a r i a t i o n s a s p e r t h e c o n t a i n e r i n w h i c h i t i s h e l d . Th i s c e n t r e w i l l e x p e r i m e n t w i t h t h e s e v a r i a t i o n s and how the senses experience water as it evolves throughout the space.

Sandstone Th e s i t e ’s h i s t o r y o f b e i n g a f o r m e r s a n d s t o n e q u a r r y a l o n g w i t h t h e f o r m s surrounding the coast, this material is crucial in recreating the coastline nostalgia many associate with the coastline pools. Concrete Th i s c o o l e r t o n e d m a t e r i a l t h a t a c c e n t s t h e r e s t w h i l e f u l f i l l i n g i t s p r a c t i c a l r o l e as the primar y pool ground surface throughout the aquatic centre. Vegetation Th e e m e r g e n c e i n t o t h e l a n d s c a p e p r o v i d e s t h e o p p o r t u n i t y o f a c l o s e r experience to nature through cliff exposure, elevated landscape, and plant life. 11

Vegetation

Concrete

Sandstone

Water

Glass

Timber

Coastline Aquatic Centre

Material Palette

Isabelle Fleming

Design Principles

Coastline Aquatic Centre

Design Principles

Isabelle Fleming

Program layout With these design principles guiding the layout, the result was an open pool structure that allows for a g e n e r o u s c a f e a n d s p e c t a t o r a r e a . Th e m a i n p r o g r a m i s the various pools, cafe, and communal area separate from the humid interior pool space with a roof that

Program layout

c o l l e c t s w a t e r a n d b r i n g s i t i n t o t h e b u i l d i n g ’s a l r e a d y l a r g e w a t e r f i l t r a t i o n s y s t e m . Th i s w a t e r i s b r o u g h t t o the main water treatment plant that an aquatic centre requires anyway. Various pools are playful in shape to encourage social interaction and new experiences within the pool and the sandstone seating allow spectators to get a full surveillance of the space.

Internal system

Wa t e r s y s t e m

Coastline Aquatic Centre

Rain water collection Th e o r g a n i c s h a p e a l l o w s w a t e r t o f l o w a n d b e c a p t u r e d by the funnels that serve as structural members as well as f o r c o l l e c t i n g r a i n w a t e r. Th i s w a t e r i s b r o u g h t t o t h e m a i n water treatment room and filtered into the overall system. With an aquatic centre requiring ver y large filtration service rooms anyway, adding a rain water system is simple and efficient.

Rain water collection

We l c o m e t o The Co a s t l i n e Aquatic Centre

5 2 7 6 12 8

11 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Main entrance Reception/Office Female change room Male change room Family change rooms Service storage Service entrance Mechanical room Water tank storage Mezzanine level Coastal pool Kiddie pool Outdoor lap pool

Lower Level Plan 1:100

No on site parking to promote public transit and eliminate wasteful emissions

15 16

19 18

20 21

17 23 22 24

14 Female bathroom 15 Male bathroom 16 Family bathrooms 17 Event rooms 18 Office reception 19 Offices 20 Office/Service bathroom 21 Service lift 22 Cafe 23 Cafe storage 24 Cafe seating

Upper Level Plan 1:100

Solar Control

A very key design element is minimizing the use of artificial heating, cooling, and lighting. Th e r e f o r e b e i n g m o r e e f f i c i e n t and less energy consumption. Summer

Th e w a l l s a r e d e s i g n e d t o b e high enough on the exposed eastern and western facades to block the harsh direct sunlight

Winter

while the curves dip low enough to let in the northern and southern indirect light.

Th e r o o f ’s o v e r a l l c u r v e d s h a p e promotes solar gain from the north and south while the lower sides of the roof on the east and west.

Solar Angles

E x p e r i e n c e o f Wa t e r Th e e x p e r i e n c e b e g i n s w i t h t h e s c a l e a n d p e r s o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p t o t h e w a t e r. Th e p o o l s c r e a t e d i f f e r e n t effects as they differ throughout the interior and e x t e r i o r s p a c e s . Th e v a r i a t i o n a l l o w s u s e r s o f different sizes and comfort levels to experiment on their own how they enjoy or embrace these iterations.

Th e a r c h i t e c t u r e g u i d e s p e o p l e t h r o u g h t h e s p a c e f r o m the cave life change rooms at the enclosed scale, to the coastal effect of the main interior, to the ocean e x p e r i e n c e i n t h e o u t d o o r l a p p o o l . Th e c o a s t l i n e evolution is reflected in these evolving unique pools.

Circulation

Th e s u c c e s s o f t h i s a q u a t i c centre relied on the efficiency and experience of the circulation. A certain level of privacy is expected yet also inclusion and open s p a c e s . Th e a r c h i t e c t u r e guides the journey .

High landscape to block exterior site line in and block heavy traffic noise.

Circulation Path

Isabelle Fleming

Section A 1:100

Coastline Aquatic Centre

Section B 1:100

On a rainy day, this becomes an even more exciting experience viewing the rain collection funnels at work

Early before the sun rises or after it sets, the illuminated aquatic centre is a beacon of light

Isabelle Fleming

S o u t h w e s t e l e v a t i o n 1 : 10 0

S o u t h e a s t e l e v a t i o n 1 : 10 0

Coastline Aquatic Centre

N o r t h e a s t e l e v a t i o n 1 : 10 0

N o r t h w e s t e l e v a t i o n 1 : 10 0

Gridshell Structure

Roof Structure

Th e s t r u c t u r e i t s e l f u t i l i z e s a n d p l a y s w i t h t i m b e r i n i t s d i f f e r e n t f o r m s . Th e t i m b e r e x t e r i o r a n d i n t e r i o r i s a w a r m touch that blurs the line of inside and outside adding to t h e t h r e s h o l d o f s p a c e t r a n s i t i o n s . Th e t i m b e r g r i d s h e l l framing is a great construction method in the benefits of prefabrication. Timber cladding is added to the top of the frame structure while glass has been added into the tubes for the playful light coming in throughout the day as well as seeing the water system at work. 39

Isabelle Fleming

Dome of Visions Structural Precedent

Th i s i n n o v a t i v e d o m e e x p e r i m e n t e d w i t h geometries creating organic forms. U s i n g c u r v e d w o o d e n b e a m s , t h e d o m e ’s nodes are able to be cut as star shaped nodes in five millimeter sheet steel, thus

Dome of Visions diagram

avoiding the complicated and costly welded nodes from the first t wo versions o f t h e D o m e . Wh e n t h e d o m e i s c l a d

Dome of Visions iterations

with polycarbonate in rhombus shapes, instead of hexagons or triangles, waste is reduced from the sheets and at the o v e r l a p p i n g j o i n t s . Wh e n t h e c u r v e d CNC-milled beams can be assembled in a simple laser cut steel node, the amount of steel is reduced and the production is optimized in a way that makes it easier to assemble and requires less energy.

Th i s w a s t h e p e r f e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n technique to bring to the next scale.

Timber cladding detail

Glass application detail

Coastline Aquatic Centre Th e n o r m a l r o u t i n e o f g l u i n g t h e w o o d f i r s t a n d t h e n milling it after ward, was turned upside down, which required a ver y high degree of precision from the manufacturer as the beams were milled to the final measures and the bonding had to be controlled with a p r e c i s i o n w i t h i n o n e m i l l i m e t e r. Th i s w a s a c h i e v e d b y using curved templates and steel rods through all of the l a y e r s i n e a c h b e a m . Th e c o n t r o l h o l e s w e r e u s e d i n t h e final building to attach the transparent polycarbonate facade with threaded rods and bolts.

Joining detail

Th i s a s s e m b l y c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a g r i d s h e l l s y s t e m a l l o w e d for the organic shaped columns that define this structure.

Load path diagram

Model Photos

References

Dome of Visions, domeofvisions.com/.

“Framed Structures.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/topic/architecture/Framed-structures.

G r a c e K a r s k e n s A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r o f h i s t o r y . “ H a r b o u r L i f e : T r a c i n g E a r l y S y d n e y ' s W a t e r y H i s t o r y . ” T h e C o n v e r s a t i o n , 3 J u n e 2 0 21 , t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n . c o m / h a r b o u r - l i f e - t r a c i n g - e a r l y - s y d n e y s - w a t e r y - h i s t o r y - 218 9 2 .

“Haarlem Canal Pavilion / Xing Wang - EVolo: Architecture Magazine.” EVolo Architecture Magazine RSS, www.evolo.us/haarlem-canal-pavilionxing-wang/.

H i s t o r y : T h e P y r m o n t , 2 0 19 , w w w . t h e p y r m o n t . c o m . a u / h i s t o r y . h t m l .

“Navigation.” NTNU, www.ntnu.edu/kt/research/csdg/research/trondheim-gridshell.

“ P ro d u c t i o n P h a s e s a n d M a r ke t f o r T i m b e r G r i d s he l l S t r u c t u re s : A S t a t e - o f - t he - A r t Re v i e w. ” N C S t a t e , b i o re s o u rc e s . c n r. n c s u . e d u / re s o u rc e s / production-phases-and-market-for-timber-gridshell-structures-a-state -of-the -art-review/.

“ P y r m o n t Q u a r r i e s . ” P y r m o n t H i s t o r y G ro u p , p y r m o n t h i s t o r y. n e t . a u / q u a r r i e s 1.

Rainwater Harvesting, rainwaterharvesting.tamu.edu/treatment/.

“ R e d u c e B u s i n e s s C o s t s w i t h R a i n w a t e r H a r v e s t i n g . ” C l e a n a Wa t e r H e a d e r , c l e a n a w a t e r. c o m . a u / i n f o r m a t i o n - c e n t r e / g u i d e - t o - r a i n w a t e r - h a r v e s t i n g - a n d treatment.

S a g r e d o , R a y e n . “ D o m e o f V i s i o n s 3 . 0 / A t e l i e r K r i s t o f f e r T e j l g a a r d . ” A r c h D a i l y , A r c h D a i l y , 7 M a y 2 017, w w w . a r c h d a i l y . c o m / 8 7 0 6 4 9 / d o m e - o f - v i s i o n s - a t e l i e r kristoffer-tejlgaard. “ S h i g e r u B a n : H e a d q u a r t e r s f o r S w a t c h + P r o d u c t i o n B u i l d i n g s f o r O m e g a . ” D e s i g n b o o m , 7 N o v . 2 017, w w w . d e s i g n b o o m . c o m / a r c h i t e c t u r e / s h i g e r u - b a n headquarters-for-swatch-production-buildings-for-omega/.

S y d n e y , S u e D a n i e l f o r C u r i o u s , e t a l . “ W h o B u i l t S y d n e y ' s U n i q u e O c e a n P o o l s ? ” A B C N e w s , 7 J u n e 2 018 , w w w . a b c . n e t . a u / n e w s / 2 0 18 - 0 6 - 0 7 / s y d n e y s - o c e a n pools-who-built-them/9808500?nw=0.

“ U s i n g 2 D P r o j e c t i o n t o B u i l d S u r f a c e B a s e d G e o m e t r y i n G r a s s h o p p e r 3 D . ” M a x E n k o , 11 O c t . 2 014 , w w w . m a x e n k o . c o m / u s i n g - 2 d - p r o j e c t i o n - t o - b u i l d - s u r f a c e based-geometry-in-grasshopper3d/.

Isabelle Fleming B D E S 3 0 2 6 2 0 21