February im 2016

IGNITING MINDS ` 125/-

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# FUN LEARNING WITH GRAMMAR

RNI No: TELENG/2015/65077

# HOW TO STAY AWAY FROM CHILDHOOD OBESITY?

# HOW DID HUMANS LIVE DURING THE STONE AGE?

Evolution of

Entrepreneurs “Inspired by a great soul Dr. APJ ABDUL KALAM”

Monthly Educational Magazine

I CREATE. I TAKE RISKS. I LIVE MY PASSION. I AM AN ENTREPRENEUR.

Editor Nagasri Nampally +91 8885053541

Co-Editor Annapurna Upadhyayula CEO Vamshikrishna Parlapally +91 9160777888

Design Team Sarath Chandra Y V +91 9989636399 Dharmendher.B +91 9700104157

Advisors Priya Iyengar Dr Y. Naveen kumar

Greetings Readers!

Change is the only constant, said “Heraclitus”, a Greek philosopher.

Yes, we do believe that change is the only constant and nothing stays still. Our start happened a month ago, and we are slowly acclimatizing to the change that is for good, and to stay.

It has been humbling the way we have been appreciated by all of you. This is what fuelled a series of improvements and changes we have adopted this month. Without the critical acclaim and positivity of the comments that poured in, we wouldn't have advanced and are constantly on the go.

We have new stuff lined up for you this month, to end the year on a productive note. We as a team are more than delighted to let you all know that we are just a tap away, be it on your smart phones or a PC. Just click install "IGNITING MINDS" application on Android and tickle your IQ by soaking in the information available on our “facebook/ignitingmindsmagazine” page on Facebook!

Hope we enrich your experience this time too and we promise to never let you down.Keep us posted about how this month’s edition affected you and help us grow.

Office Address: H No: 1-4-160/1/12, Plot No. 12 Maniksai Enclave, Sainikpuri, Hyderabad, Telangana, India - 500094, Feedback or Queries: +91 8885053541

With hopes of long lasting experiences, Team - Igniting minds

Printed, Published & Owned by Nampally Nagasri Printed at Bandla Print Solutions, Plot .No. A - 22/1, Road No. 14, I.P, Nacharam, Hyderabad - 500076

WHAT’S INSIDE Cover Story Entrepreneurs

Parenting

08

Is it okay to say no in the face of a temper tantrum?

Entrepreneurs are innovators, willing to take risks and generate new ideas to create unique and potentially profitable ....

22 Communication Skills

►

16

Fun Learning with Grammar

Health & Nutritions How to stay away from childhood Obesity?

Do you like to learn grammar rules? Certainly not or at least not much. Yet, grammar is important if you want to learn English. You probably remember how your English....

24

►

Handwriting Connect the Letters Right to give lift to cursive

20

Hero Amidst the Common man

26

One of the Common statements of many teachers and parents to the students these days is : “Avoid writing ....

4

Motivation Story

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

28

Awards The Oscars Awards The Academy Awards, or "Oscars", is an annual American awards ceremony honoring cinematic ....

Science

32

Life Skills

18

Mantra for success and happiness Career Awareness 37

Why It's Important to Start Early Mathematics

Before it Becomes History Rhinoceros

NUMBER SERIES

The Rhinoceros is a large mammal native to Africa and Asia. There are five species ....

Computer Programming

38

(Sequences or Progressions)

40

Handling Numbers Pride of India

34

History How did Humans live During the Stone Age? The Stone Age was a time thousands of years ago, when humans lived in caves and jungles.....

44

42

Sarojini Naidu Sarojini Naidu was truly one of the gems of the 20th century India ......

Sports

48

Kabaddi Rules Cool Inventions & Guinness World Records 50 Current Affairs

52

Brain Gym

56

Country Vietnam Vietnam is a long, narrow nation shaped like the letter S. It is in Southeast Asia on the eastern edge of the peninsula known as Indochina. ....

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

5

Sunday

Events Calendar * National Donor Day, *Saint Valentine’s Day.

* Send a Card to a 07 Friend Day

* International Mother * National Science Day Language Day 28 21

14

Monday

*National Freedom Day, *Indian Coast Guard Day, *International Development Week.

Tuesday

01

08

*World Wetlands Day,

Wednesday

02

03

*Presidents’ Day

15

16

10

* National Umbrella Day

17

*World Cancer Day, * World Day of the Sick

Friday

04

Saturday

05

*Kashmir solidarity Day,

*International Day Against Female 06 Genital Mutilation.

6

13

* World Human Spirit Day

24

25

20

* People Power Anniversary

* Carnival Day

* Shivaji Jayanti

19

* World Radio Day

* Central Excise Day

*Taj Mahotsav

* Darwin Day

12

* Play Tennis Day

23

18

11

* Chinese Lantern Festival 22

*Almond Day

* Toothache Day

09

*National Carrot Cake Day,

Thursday

*Kite Flying Day,

26

* World Day of Social Justice

27

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

* International Polar Bear Day

29

* Leap Day

Birthday Calendar * Sheila Kaul (Indian stateswoman 07 1915 – 2015)

*Anil Kumar Gain *Zakir Hussain (Indian mathematician (Music Producer 1951), 1919 – 1978) 08 01

*Khushwant Singh * Parimarjan Negi (Novelist 1915-2014) (Chess Grandmaster 1993)

02

*Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo (1996 Nobel

03

*Bhimsen Joshi (Vocalist 1922 – 2011)

04

*Abhishek Bachchan (Film actor 1976)

05

09

* Jagannath Shankar Sheth (1803 – 1865)

10

14

15

16

* Abraham Lincoln (16th U.S. President 1809 – 1865) 12

*M. K. Binodini Devi 06(Writer 1922 – 2011) 13

* Sarojini Naidu (Poet 1879 -1949)

* Shanti Swaroop

Bhatnagar

*Randhir Kapoor (Actor 1947)

*Krishnadevaraya (Ruler 1471-1529)

* K.Chandrashekar Rao (Chief Minister of Telangana 1954) 17

* T. Nagi Reddy (Politician 1917-1976)

11

* Sushma Swaraj (Minister of External Affairs of India 1952)

21

22

(Scientist 1894 -1955)

* Krishan Kant (10 Vice President of India 1927 – 2002)

28

* Morarji Desai * S.H. Raza (Former Prime Minister of (Painter – 1922) 29 India 1896 -1995)

* P.C. Sorcar (Magician 1913 – 1971)

23

24

* Jayalalita (CM of Tamil Nadu – 1948),

18

*Sri Rama Krishna * Gautham Menon Paramahamsa (Film director 1973) (1836 – 1886) 25

19

* Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (King 1630-1680),

* Bandaru Dattatreya (Minister of Labour and Employment – 1947)

* N. Janardhana Reddy (Ex CM of A.P 20 1934 – 2014)

* Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (Poet & 27Educator 1807-1882)

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IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

7

Cover Story

f o y r o t S The urs

e n e r p e Entr

With Mr Rao!

E

ntrepreneurs are innovators, willing to take risks and generate new ideas to create unique and potentially profitable solutions to modern-day problems. This innovation may result in new organizations or revitalize mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of Hello entrepreneurship is starting a new business (referred as a startup company).

Chaps! My name In recent years, the term has been extended to include social and political is Mr Rao and I shall forms of entrepreneurial activity, which are often referred to as social be your guide for entrepreneurship. the day!

Entrepreneurial activities differ substantially depending on the type of organization and creativity involved. Entrepreneurship ranges in scale from solo projects (that can even involve the entrepreneur working only part-time) to major undertakings that create many job opportunities. Many high-value entrepreneurial ventures seek venture capital or angel funding (seed money) to raise capital for building the business.

The Origins The original entrepreneurs were, of course, traders and merchants. The first known instance of humans trading comes from New Guinea around 17,000 BCE, where locals exchanged obsidian, a black volcanic glass used to make hunting arrowheads for other needed goods. These early entrepreneurs exchanged one set of goods for another.

The first known instance of humans trading comes from New Guinea around 17,000 BCE when locals exchanged obsidian, a black volcanic glass used to make hunting arrowheads for other needed goods.

Around 15,000 BCE, the first animal domestication began taking place, and around 10,000 BCE, the first domestication of plants. This step toward agriculture was critical for the advancement of the human species.

Now, instead of having to continually move around as nomadic tribes, seeking new places to hunt and to gather, we could stay in one place. Agriculture allowed us to start to form larger stationary communities and cities (the basis for civilizations), which set the stage for the development and spread of human knowledge.

Agriculture changed everything for humans, enabling the formation of stable rather than migratory populations and laying the foundation for human populations to grow from 15 million to over 7 billion in the millennia ahead.

Trade Routes Allow Ideas and Memes to Spread Trade routes between the new cities soon sprang up. Donkeys, horses, and camels enabled trade caravans between civilizations, moving both goods and ideas. Ships were built to carry trade over the seas. Networks and hubs soon formed and more complex structures emerged. Great Pyramids were built in Cairo. Temples were built in Sumeria.

Around 2000 BCE, iron was discovered, leading to advances in warfare and a very tumultuous few centuries.

Around 600 BCE, human warriors with iron weaponry on horseback led to the creation of empires. Between 500 BCE and 117 CE, small cities turned into the Persian Empire, Alexander’s Empire, Han Chinese Empire, and Roman Empire with complex political systems and philosophies and beliefs. Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam formed and became the world’s five major religions between 1300 BCE and 600 CE.

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IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

1

Let me break things down to facts for you to better understand what is said .

I better dress accordingly to make it feel better .

50% 10% of the population controlled over 50% of the wealth and income

of the population shared about 15% of the wealth

25% 15%

of the population had no wealth

of the population were growing merchant class

25%

About of occupation in the middle ages were outside of agriculture :

Merchants

Craftsmen

Other jobs

> Craftsmen learned their craft through apprenticeships , some taking up to 7 years > Guilds of craftsmen developed to earn higher wages and utilized power in civil affairs. > The market place became a central focus .

Renaissance Tradesmen

> Developed Commerce

> Lead to trade expansion into other > Increased demand countries for new products

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

9

2

ü

The Invention of Money

Started the first "global" companies

1637

AD The Dutch East India Company

T

Ship Building Advancement leads to increase in international trade.

4785

Ships transported more than 2.5 million tons of goods Merchants build trading posts along with major trade routs.

Provide Supplies to ship crews.

American Farmers and Plantation owners capitalize on cash crops such as : Tobacco & Sugar Cane

10

Colonial Expansion

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

Early trade consisted of barter (one good for another). If Tom had twenty cows and Igor had eighty hens, and Tom and Igor agreed that one cow was worth four hens, then the trade could take place.

The problem with the barter system, however, was that in order for a trade to take place, both parties had to want what the other party had. This “co-incidence of wants” often did not happen. Thus, the demands of growing business and trade gave rise to a money system. Silver rings or bars are thought to have been used as money in Ancient Iraq before 2000 B.C. Early forms of money (called specie) would be often be commodities like seashells, tobacco leaves, large round rocks, or beads.3 While the money system still had much development to go through (credit and paper money did not yet exist), its invention over four thousand years ago was of crucial importance to the world we live in today. The use of money, has greatly enhanced our world, our lives, our potential, and our future.

By the year 1100, the prevailing cultural system in the Western World was feudalism. It was a world of kings and lords, vassals and serfs, kingdoms and manors. Three hundred and fifty years later, after weathering a Black Death and the Hundred Years War, Europe emerged by expanding trade to new levels and building the foundation for the start of the competitive market economy we know today.

The Creation of Markets With a population spurt starting around 1470, cities, markets, and the volume of trade grew. Banking, initially started

by Ancient Mesopotamians, grew to new heights and complexities; the guild system expanded; and the idea that a business was an impersonal entity, with a separate identity from its owner, started to take hold.4 Silver imports from the new world drove expanded trade and bookkeepers created standardized

principles for keeping track of a firm’s accounts based on Luca Pacioli’s accounting advances. Early entrepreneurs, called merchants and explorers, began to raise capital, take risks, and stimulate economic growth. Capitalism had begun.

Early on in the history of capitalism, the idea of monetary gain was shunned and shamed by many. The practice of usury, charging interest on loans, was banned by the Christian Church.

Jobs were assigned by tradition and caste. Innovation was stifled and efficiency was forcefully put down, sometimes punishable by death. In sixteenth-century England, when mass production in the weaving industry first came about, the guildsmen protested.

An efficient workshop containing two hundred looms and butchers and bakers for the workers was outlawed by the King under the pretense that such efficiency reduced the number of available jobs. Makers of innovative shirt buttons in France in the late 1600s were fined and searched and the importation of printed calico textiles cost the lives of 16,000 people.

The Start of Industrial Age The Industrial Age truly began in 1712 with the invention of Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine in Devon, Britain. But it wasn’t until James Watt’s steam engine in 1763 that things really got moving, enabling work to be done through the movement of pistons rather than the movement of muscle.

By the time of Adam Smith’s death in 1790, the nascent Industrial Revolution had already reared its head. The effects of the

3

Most entrepreneurs would invent something , sell it and move onto next invention.

Most inventions were thought to:

increase productivity and automate manufacturing

F

I wonder why we dont wear hats as those times. It helps to hide a lot of secrets .

Scale manufacturing to reduce costs The first use of expanded system of credit helped entrepreneurs secure capital for large-scale , risky new ventures Entrepreneurs of the Industrial Revolution Transformed 19th century commerce and industry

Producing remarkable advancements in Technology, Transportation, Energy, Communications, Industrial Productions IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

Industrial Revolution11

Advertising Expenditure increased to

4% 1990:

4

of the national income

$600 Million was spent on advertising by big businesses Increased use of mass media advertising changed the way entrepreneurs marketed products

U

Now marketers can sell nationally with:

© ¾ » 1948:

newspaper television radio

Television Advertising Boom

Advertising revenues upto 5015% from 1947

933

sponsors bought TV ads 12

20th Century IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

Renaissance, the humanist movement, and the Enlightenment’s focus on science and empiricism would translate into the launch of a movement that would impact the world as none before it had. It was this revolution—often dirty, harsh, and cruel—that prompted thoughts of communism and created robber barons and industrial titans.

It was this same revolution, however, that led to the development of the innovations, technology, and standards of living we have today.

From the Industrial Revolution, the concept of mass production and economies of scale came about.

Bigness, trusts, and vertical integration became the key to riches at that time.

It was Andrew Carnegie and J. P. Morgan in steel, John D. Rockefeller and Frank Kenan in oil, and Henry Ford in automobiles. While some of these titans had questionable ethics, no one can deny that they were innovators.

They forged alliances, developed new ways of doing business, and created efficiency across industries.

It was the combination of energy and engine that freed man from the constraints of muscle power, making the Atlantic world the greatest military power and laying the foundations for the locomotive, the internal combustion engine, the automobile, and the discovery of oil. The telegraph and telephone connected humanity around the world. With electricity, we lit up the night.

While critical governance institutions are required for the effective functioning of capitalism, the market system has been one of the most significant innovations in the history of humankind.

Explaining such a long history makes me feel younger in comparison!

5

Personal Computers have changed everyday life: internet allows for global reach and constant connectivity

Advertising on Google Savvy Marketers can use adwords to be noticed on google at low costs and high ROI Entrepreneurs can compete with business easily Crowd-sourcing increases pace of innovation

Can sell goods online at low costs

Generating new ideas or completing tedious tasks by soliciting contributions from larger group of people.

Small Business marketplace Popular Online Sales include home decor , jewelry , clothing , arts and crafts

25% of all new products results from

2012:

crowdsourcing idea generation.

895M in sales new buyers upto 83%

Increases new product success rate from

70% increase from 2011 Value of Merchandises sold up by 14% each year

15%

to

50%

Modern day entrepreneurs dont just innovate product/ services.

They Manage employees and head new companies.

57% of market place revenues is from outside the United States

113M users : 13% increase from a year ago

Information Age IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

13

Ha ha ha ha!!!

Granpa!

Granpa!

Where is the phone?

Hi Friends!

Have you seen my grandpa around? He is around 70 and has a big mustache!

I rember he said he had some stuff to explain . .. but what i am really intrested more than his lecture is his smart phone!

It ny has so ma t I it tha games in at dering wh keep won ith somany do w he would it! games in & know wh he alway at? st I will be hinks ag entrepre reat neur!

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IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

seems like my talkative ever- naughty - 5 - year old grandson took my " mind your own business chap " phrase too literally!

THE G N !

I O T U N D E S N O S PRE AND R G R E H T A GRANDF

o a R . r M &Achu Q: Why do grandpas count pennies?

A: They are the only ones who have the time.

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

15

Communication Skills

D

o you like to learn grammar rules?

Certainly not or at least not much.

Yet, grammar is important if you want to learn English. You probably remember how your English teachers tried to explain grammar rules to you when you were at primary school. You did hundreds of textbook exercises and wrote numerous grammar tests but how good is your grammar after all these long years? Have you ever asked yourself why it seems so hard to master English grammar?

Aakanksha Tunk Corporate Trainer

Most people think that it is their own fault, that they are not clever enough to "understand" the grammar rules. That's why they are frustrated and often simply give up. The truth is that learning English grammar is much easier than you imagine. As a matter of fact, it is so simple that you just wouldn't believe it. Do you remember how you learned the grammar of your native language? You didn't do any textbook exercises or read complicated explanations. But nevertheless you learned the grammar of your mother tongue. It's a fact that most 5 to 7 year old children use about 90% of their native grammar rules correctly. At that age most of them can't even read or write. Why can't you learn English grammar the same way you learned the grammar of your mother tongue? Wait a minute, who says you can't? You can, actually.

Yes it's true, you can learn English grammar just like you learnt the grammar of your native language.

So let me ask you my question again: How did you learn the grammar rules of your mother tongue?

The answer is strangely simple: You learned the rules subconsciously. This means, instead of trying to cram rules into your head by doing grammar exercises, you interacted with your parents and other speakers. Your parents used certain phrases that consisted of both grammar and vocabulary.

Now you have to do the same thing again - treat the English language as something whole instead of dissecting it by means of rules. I have created for you an interesting short story on Grammar. Sit back and enjoy the story‌

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IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

The Grammar Story Mr. and Mrs. Grammar are from a prestigious royal family. They have two sons, a daughter and also blessed with three grandsons.

Mr. Noun their oldest son is the heir to the throne. He is very popular and is invited for all important functions as the chief guest. He cuts ribbons and his name is splashed all over the newspapers. This eligible bachelor had many suitors, but he chose to marry a very smart and independent lady by name Pro. Soon there was a wedding in the family and Pro became Mrs. Pro Noun. “What does she do?”

She is independently dependant; she stands in place of her husband whenever he has other more important places to go to.

The Grammar family has an adorable and lavishly spoilt baby. The youngest of all Miss Adjective, who loved his elder brother and sisterin-law and she loved to talk about them. But she never got married.

Do you know why she didn’t get married?

Because she was very happy describing about Mr. and Mrs Noun that she never found a suitable match for herself.

Now let me introduce you to Mr Verb. He is the second son of the family. He is very sad, lonely and very disappointed with his family. He is always in action mode. He says “I do so much for my family, but I am not given the recognition. I am so flexible, whatever changes that happen I am the one who accommodates it. Oh! I am feeling so sad”.

So one fine day all the family members wanted to change Verb’s mind.

As there knew that they all are nothing without him so they decided to get him married. So uncle Preposition, who was Verbs favorite uncle, went to talk to Verb about his marriage proposal.

Uncle Preposition said “Verb…Don’t feel sad. I want you to UNDERSTAND that you are the Pillar of our family. Our Family cannot exist without you. I think you need a good life Partner I know of a charming girl called – Ad.

Mr. and Mrs. Verbs where blesses with Triplets whose names areAre, Am, Is Are- My name is “ARE” and I follow they and these Am- My name is “AM” and I follow “I” and we all love our aunt Pro IS- My name is “IS” and I follow he and she.

Adjective loves her nieces and they love her very much.

Grammar family has cousins as well they are called Interjections.

You can stand cousins and relatives only for few days.

The Grammar family has a well wisher who helps the two brothers to understand each other well. This well wisher is Subject Verb Agreement. He helps to bind the whole Grammar family together. The Grammar Family is going to and will remain UNITED.

Grammar is a piano I play by ear. All I know about grammar is its power.

Joan Didion (famous American Writer)

When Verb met Ad, he felt that they where suitable for each other.

When Ad met the Grammar family, all were very happy with her. They found that she is a charming girl they were sure she will modify or change Verb’s life to make it more meaningful.

Now comes the wedding day. The Priest Conjunction gets them lawfully married by pronouncing them Man AND Wife. So now Miss Ad becomes Mrs. Adverb.

What is a wedding without friends?

They Grammar family had 3 best friends. They are together named as Articles. They are “The” – who keeps on describing something definite.

A- Who stands before consonants and An- Who stands before vowel and vowel Sounds Grammar family as being rich and famous they follow certain protocol called Punctuations.

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

17

Life Skills

Mantra for success and happiness L

ife is like a sea of possibilities. Some takes out pearls and some find fishes, but a majority comes out of this sea with only wet legs.

World is common to all, we usually get what we think.

Have you seen people around you who are sulking, angry, complaining and sad all the time? Nobody likes to be around such people as it is considered repulsive and most of us tend to avoid them.

It’s not always easy to be positive in life, especially in times like these, where we live. The world is moving at a very fast pace and there is a lot of change happening every day.

A few decades ago there was very little stress as compared to today, because there were very few changes, advancements and distractions then. The world has become more virtual, fashionable, modern, global and artificial; there is a new adaptability crisis arising as this shift happens. This creates a pressure on the human mind that leads to various kinds of stresses, anxiety, anger, behavioral and attitudinal issues.

Nobody understands anybody, as we are all struggling to adjust with this quick paced changing world.

One of the side effects of this change is that, most children today find it difficult to adjust with their parents and evenparents don’t tend to understand children.

This has also become a big barrier in teacher-student relationship. This confusion is one of the prime reasons of many stress related diseases today.

There has been an acute rise in recent times, in the rate of broken relationships, divorces, suicides, modern disease, early death, accidents, anger, impatience, crime rate and students dropping out of school. Most of these challenges can be sorted out easily if we focus on a few basic principles.

It is very important to keep oneself positive. With so many reasons to worry, being positive is contagious

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IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

Malini Krishnan Inner Space

and it impacts people around us spreading positivity. Similarly, negative people spread negativity.

Imagine you are wearing a yellow pair of sunglasses, how would the world seem? Wouldn't it look allyellow? Similarly,the world becomes red and green if you wear sunglasses of these colors.

Your view of the world does not reflect the world; it reflects the way you see the world.

This is the first principle, so what you see is just your feeling. Your view is always going to be different from others, as they see the world in their perspective.

Always respect the views of others, as you would like them to respect yours.

The second principle is that one should always respect the views of others as each individual has a unique way to understand and interpret situations and people. These personal factors are influenced by the environment, experience and education of an individual. Your environment is your home, school, personal media exposure, family values, culture and religion. Personal experiences and events of your own life whether good or bad contribute to your unique experiences, hence no two individuals can think or behave alike.

Your future depends on what you think, most people do not check what they think and this the prime reason for them to be dissatisfied with their life. If you don’t want to fall into the same trap of negativity and want to understand people in a positive way and live a life of happiness and success ask yourself the following questions every day.

1. Am I judging this person?

2. Did I listening to the person neutrally?

3. Did I really understand the person?

4. What are my major hurdles?

5. What can I do better next time?

Respect the fact that every individual is a unique specimen and has own set of individual qualities and identities; always have a neutral view of the world and the people in it.

You cannot change the world but can always change yourself.

Your destiny depends on the thoughts you have, are they neutral, positive, practical, realistic or are they negative, judgmental and biases.

Watch your thoughts, for they become words.

Watch your words, for they become your actions.

Watch your actions, for they become your habits.

Watch your habits, for they become your character.

Watch your character, for it becomes your destiny.

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

19

Handwriting

O

ne of the Common statements of many teachers and parents to the students these days is : “Avoid writing erosive to present your answers in a very legible way you may lose marks if you write in cursive because your evaluators can not read what you write.”

By Y.Mallikarjuna Rao, Director, National Handwriting Acadamy.

20

This is a very vague and baseless statement. It all happens only when one doesn’t know how to join the letters in a proper way. Actually cursive handwriting is the only style with which speed and effective communication can be made. When the letters are connected to one other in a right way, handwriting automatically looks very impressive and legible.

Observe the common mistakes in connections and avoid them.

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

Join ‘w’ from its upper portion, ‘u’ from its bottom. Be very conscious while joining m, n, u, c, e…. to the next letters. Do not break any word in the middle, especially when you write i, j and t in between the word.

The Standard Connections

To get all the perfect idea on cursive handwriting, one must focus on the connections of 5 amazing letters – a, e, I, o and u. These vowels play a very vital role in forming 99.9% of the words in English language. So, join all the letters to vowels.

You also come across with vowels joined to other letters. Hence it very important to join all vowels to letters too.

After practicing all the connections give below, start implementing them in the words and you will own the Stand and cursive writing.

The Letters Classified into Groups:

The Typical Connections:

The Cursive Capital Letters:

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

21

Parenting

IS IT OKAY TO SAY NO IN THE FACE OF A TEMPER TANTRUM? This is a question I am often asked by parents in therapy.

‘How to react if the child throws a temper tantrum?’

If you are a parent, you probably have been through this dilemma and resolved it. Or maybe you are going through it at present.

Some children find it easier to adjust when things don’t go their way. They may occasionally cry or fuss a little, but they’re largely open to adjusting.

Some children find it extremely difficult to make such an adjustment. They tend to get very upset when things don’t go their way. They may cry loudly, shout and insist that their demand be met with. The more you deny them what they want, the more they cry and the temper tantrum aggravates.

Ultimately, you reach a place where you don’t know how to react.

In such a scenario, what is better? To fulfill the child’s demand or say no?

I’d say, depends.

If the child throws tantrums in only specific circumstances, for example, only while going to school, chances are higher that there is something specific about that situation that’s getting him upset that needs to be looked into.

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IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

If however, the child repeatedly throws tantrums in multiple and routine situations, and especially if the tantrums serve as a means to an end (If I throw a tantrum, mom will agree to let me eat out) it indicates that the child is ‘learning’ a behavior. He is learning that by throwing tantrums, he is likely to get what he wants. In such a scenario, it helps for the child’s long-term adjustment to say no to his demand.

Some of you probably find it difficult to say ‘no’ to your children, especially if your children are young. I completely understand this difficulty. In a more detailed article, I have spoken of this difficulty, what thoughts underlie it and how one can overcome it.

I have also attempted to answer some questions pertaining to disciplining children, such as, how does one decide what behavior needs to change, what is important to help the child modify his/her behavior etc.

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

Sadia Saeed Raval Inner Space

23

Health & Nutritions

O

ne of the major health conditions noticed in children all over the world, especially in the developed and the developing countries is the condition of child obesity. Before we get onto learning the different side effects of child obesity and how to prevent it, it is first important that a general awareness be spread as regards to what obesity really is.

What is Obesity?

One is referred to as obese when he or she has managed to accumulate an excess amount of fat in their body than what is defines by different generic and environmental factors. How do you know you are obese? In case that this is the question going about in your head right about now, then the answer is simple. If you have a BMI (Body Mass Index) greater than 30, then you are without a doubt obese. The BMI is an advances tool that is trusted to measure obesity in both adults and children. Surprisingly a lot of children today have BMI above 30, which makes them obese. This is definitely a condition that needs to be controlled.

What are the different Side effects of Obesity?

There is a reason why health experts andchild specialists today are so worried about obesity in children. The condition brings upon a number of side effects that a child may have to bear, if the condition is not brought under control immediately. Some of the many side effects of obesity in children, include-

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Mukta Agrawal Senior Nutritionist ‘‘INLIFE Healthcare�

Diabetes The last thing you want your child to incur is diabetes. Obesity for a prolonged span of time may lead your child into inheriting type 2 diabetes. Though this is a condition more common in adulthood, it is also being noticed in obese children. Excess fat in the body resists the effectiveness of insulin created in the body, thus hiking the level of blood sugar.

High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure too is a condition that is generally noticed in adulthood, but obesity has made it common with children too. The increased level of fat tissues in the body, demand more oxygen and blood circulation, this over works the blood vessels thus resulting in high blood pressure.

Heart Disease

Overweight adolescents have a

chance of becoming overweight adults,

Childhood obesity has more than tripled in the past 30 years.

One of the major side effects of obesity in children is high level of cholesterol in the blood. What this means is the excess fat in the body floats in the blood and clogging the blood cells carrying the blood to the heart and other organs. This leads to huge chances of incurring heart diseases that no child should have to suffer.

INCREASED RISK OF

Heart Disease Diabetes Stroke Cancer

Respiratory Problems Ever heard of Sleep Apnea? It is a condition where a person cannot breathe for a temporary period, leading to stoppage in sleep. This and other respiratory problems are a common side effect of obesity.

Other side effects of obesity in children include- joint problems like spondylitis, osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome, psychosocial effects, body pain, cancer, etc.

70

PERCENT

of all children and adolescents are overweight or obese.

Children 8 to 18 years old spend an average of

3

Hrs. Per Day

2/3

of high school kids consume soda or sports drinks 1+ times a day.

NEGATIVELY IMPACTS:

Learning Sleep Self Edteem

in front of the television.

How to prevent child obesity?

Some of the best ways to control obesity in children include■ Preparing healthier meals for children that are less greasy or spicy.

Make their favourite dishes at home in a healthier way.

■ Encourage healthy eating habits that include higher intake of fresh fruits, green vegetables.

■ Encourage children to eat healthy and eat on time. Time has a great role to play in controlling obesity.

Parents and kids should eat more fruits, veggies and whole grains.

Sit down for HEALTHY family meals as often as possible.

■ Help your child to enjoy a more active life style, by participating in games and sports.

■ Remove the option of binge eating or junk food, etc.

Some Important Healthy food options: It is not necessary that you make your child go through a strict diet to control obesity. Introducing some healthy food options like■ Green Vegetables ■ Fresh Fruits ■ Dairy Products ■ Lean Meat and Fish, etc can help control obesity.

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

25

Motivation Story

Hero amidst the

common man 45 year-old K. Sudhakaran runs a little shop, selling sweets, juice, cold-drinks and lottery tickets, in a market in Kanhangad, a town in northern Kerala. This soft-spoken, unassuming man shot into the news when he did something truly remarkable. One morning, P. Ashokan, a regular customer of his, called him up and asked him to set aside ten lottery tickets for him. Later that day, Sudharakan learned that one of those tickets had won the first prize—a whopping ten million rupees!

Sudhakaran rang up his father at once. “Call up Ashokan right away and give him the news!” his father told him. Sudhakaran did as his father instructed. Ashokan could hardly believe his ears when he learnt what had happened!

Ashokan had not paid for the tickets. Nor had Sudhakaran told him the ticket numbers. And so, Sudhakaran didn’t have to tell him that one of the tickets that he had set aside for him had won the bumper prize. He could easily have pocketed the money had he wanted to—that wouldn’t have been considered illegal. Had he wished, he could have bagged the ten million rupee prize for himself.

What was it, when asked Sudhakaran, that had led him to choose the course that he did, he politely replied “My father always told me that if you need to, you can even beg, but you must never snatch other people’s rights”.

Did he at all hesitate to call Ashokan? Did he think twice about what his father had told him to do? Was he, at least for a moment, tempted to claim the money for himself?

“No, not at all! I knew that what my father had said was perfectly right,” Sudhakaran said as he drew out a passport-size picture of his father from a note-book and handed it to me to see. “My parents taught me to be honest, to do what is right, to consider everyone, rich and poor, as equal,” he continued. “My mother and all my other relatives were all very happy with what I had done. They all said that I had done the right thing.”

K Sudhakaran 26

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

A couple of months ago, Sudhakaran was back in the news—and for a similar reason. He had found a gold chain while travelling in a train and handed it to the police, who managed to trace its owner!

Sudhakaran’s little shop—which he’s taken on rent—is the sole means of livelihood for his family of six, including a daughter who is physicallychallenged. Sudhakaran manages to earn around Rs. 10,000 a month from it, and it’s demanding work. He is up every morning, at around 4:30, and takes the train from his village to Kanhangad—a journey of more than two hours each way. He works seven days a week, taking a day off only once in a while.

“No, not at all! I knew that what my father had said was perfectly right,” Sudhakaran said as he drew out a passport-size picture of his father from a note-book and handed it to me to see. “My parents taught me to be honest, to do what is right, to consider everyone, rich and poor, as equal,” he continued. “My mother and all my other relatives were all very happy with what I had done. They all said that I had done the right thing.”

This man could have been a millionaire had he not listened to his heart and his father and kept the prize-winning lottery ticket for himself instead. But he has no regrets at all about his decision. “I know what I did was just what I should have,” he says unhesitatingly.

“Try to do as much good as possible and to refrain from doing bad—that way, you can lead a happy, meaningful life,” Sudhakaran tells

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27

Awards

T

he Academy Awards, or "Oscars", is an annual American awards ceremony honoring cinematic achievements in the film industry. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname "Oscar". The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).

The awards ceremony was first televised in 1953, and is now seen live in more than 200 countries. The Oscars is the oldest entertainment awards ceremony; its equivalents, the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theatre, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording, are modeled after the Academy Awards.

The 86th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 2, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles, later than usual as to not clash with the Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. The 87th Academy Awards ceremony was held on February 22, 2015. Historically given during the first quarter of the New Year, the awards honor achievements for cinematic accomplishments for the preceding year. For example, 12 Years a Slave was awarded Best Picture for 2013, although the Oscar ceremony was conducted in 2014. As of the 87th awards ceremony, held in 2015, a total of 2,947 Oscars have been awarded since the inception of the award.

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History The first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16, 1929, at a private dinner at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The postawards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel. The cost of guest tickets for that night's ceremony was $5 ($69 in 2016 dollars). Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the filmmaking industry of the time, for their works during the 1927–28 period. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes.

Winners had been announced to media three months earlier; however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11:00 pm on the night of the awards.

The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. He had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier; this made him the first Academy Award winner in history.

At that time, the winners were recognized for all of their work done in a certain category during the qualifying period. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, and professionals were honored for a specific performance in a single film. For the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years.

At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27, 1957, the Best Foreign Language Film category was introduced. Until then, foreignlanguage films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award.

The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.

The First Ceremony One of the first branches of the Academy was The Award of Merits Committee whose members were: Richard Barthelmess, D.W. Griffith, Henry King, Sid Grauman, Bess Meredyth, J. Stuart Black ton and Cedric Gibbons. These members were giving thought to the idea of having some sort of awards presentation. But, it got pushed back for a year until July, 1928 with 12 categories for awards as follows:

Most Outstanding Production

Achievement in Dramatic Directing

Achievement in Art Directing

Achievement in Writing Adaptation

Achievement by an Actor

Achievement in Comedy Directing

Achievement in Engineering Effects

Achievement in Title Writing

Achievement by an Actress

Achievement in Cinematography

Achievement in Original Story Writing

Most Artistic or Unique Production

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How are the Oscars voted on?

There are different voting branches for each category at the Academy Awards, where members vote in their own fields. For example, the Actors branch (which has 1,176 members) votes to nominate in all four acting awards, the directors vote for Best Director nominees, and so on.

Where do the Academy Awards take place?

Satyajit Ray Category: Lifetime Achievement Award (1992)

The 88th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), will honor the best Englishlanguage films of 2015 and is scheduled to take place on February 28, 2016, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, California at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST.

List of Indians Who Have Won Oscars The Academy Awards or more popularly known as Oscar Awards are considered as the top most award in the field of cinema. The awards honour the best of cinema from all around the world. However, when it comes to India, there are only few lucky names who have got the honour of receiving this prestigious award. Here is the complete list of all the Indians who have won Oscar.

Indians Who Have Won Oscars Bhanu Athaiya Category: Best Costume Design Movie: Gandhi (1982) Bhanu Athaiya is the first Indian who won the Academy Award in the year 1982. She has worked with many big names like Yash Chopra, Guru Dutt, Ashutosh Gowarikar and Raj Kapoor. She won the Oscar for Best Costume Design for her work in the Ben Kingsley starrer Gandhi. Jon Mollo also shared the award with her.

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Satyajit Satyajit Ray is considered as one of the greatest directors in Indian (especially Bengali) cinema.

He is known all around the world for his dedication and passion for movies. He was awarded the Lifetime Achievement award in the year 1992.

A.R. Rahman Categories: Best Original Song (Jai Ho) and Best Original Score Movie: Slumdog Millionaire (2008) A.R. Rahman is the only Indian who has won Oscar not once but twice.

The music maestro shared the Best Original Score award with Gulzar for his song “Jai Ho”. He went on to grab his first individual and the second Oscar when he won in the category of Best Original Score for the very same movie “Slumdog Millionaire”. Rahman made the award ceremony memorable when he said, “Mere paas maa hai” to thank his mother for the award.

Resul Pookutty

Category: Best Sound Mixing Movie: Slumdog Millionaire (2008) Slumdog Millionaire is the reason for half of the Oscar wins for India. Resul Pookutty shared the award for Best Sound Mixing with Ian Tapp and Richard Pryke. He won the award for his contribution in the movie Slumdog Millionaire. He has worked in the field of sound designing, sound editing and mixing.

Gulzar Category: Best Original Song (Jai Ho) Movie: Slumdog Millionaire (2008) The legendary composer and singer shared the award of Best Original Song for the song “Jai Ho”. Gulzar wrote the lyrics for the song which became a sensation all over world. However, Gulzar was not there at the ceremony to receive the award. Gulzar has penned down many famous songs for many Bollywood movies.

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

31

Science

BEFORE IT BECOMES HISTORY

RHINOCEROS

INTRODUCTION The rhinoceros is a large mammal native to Africa and Asia. There are five species of rhino found in the world with 3 out of the 5 species of rhino now considered to be critically endangered. The rhino is thought to be the second biggest land mammal in the world behind the African elephant.

EVOLUTION Rhinocerotoids diverged from other perissodactyls by the early Eocene.

Fossils of Hyrachyus exams found in North America date to this period.

This small hornless ancestor resembled a tapir or small horse more than a rhino. Three families, sometimes grouped together as the super family Rhinocerotoidea, evolved in the late Eocene, namely the Hyracodontidae, Amynodontidae and Rhinocerotidae.

PHYSICAL DISCRIPTION The black rhino is smaller than the white rhino, although adults can still reach 1.5 meters in height and weigh in at 1.4 tones.

The species is distinguished from the white rhino by a prehensile upper lip (hence the alternative name of hooklipped rhino), which it uses to feed on twigs of woody plants and a variety of herbaceous plants. They have a particular liking for acacias.

The front horn is the longer of the two horns, averaging 50cm in length.

LIFE CYCLE The rhinoceros is generally found in thick forests and savannas where there is plenty of food to eat and lots of cover for the rhino to hide in. Although the rhino is an herbivore, they are known for their aggressive nature and will often charge towards oncoming predators in order to scare them away. Most rhinoceros individuals that are killed by poachers are caught out when they are quietly drinking from a water hole and therefore

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a l ly c i t i r C ered g n a d n E

drop their guard. The rhinoceros is an herbivore and eats grasses, leaves, shoots, buds and fruits in order to gain the nutrients that the rhino needs to grow and survive. The average rhinoceros regularly gets to about 60 years old in the wild particularly seeing as they have no real predators apart from human poachers. The rhino is also known to have a fairly small brain in comparison to their large size.

RHINO POACHING Rhino poaching has escalated in recent years and is being driven by the demand for rhino horn in Asian countries, particularly Vietnam. It is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine but more and more commonly now it is used as a status symbol to display someone’s success and wealth. As South African is home to the majority of rhinos in the world it is being heavily targeted by poachers, see poaching numbers in South Africa. However poaching is now a threat in all rhino range states and field programmers are having to investment heavily in anti-poaching activities.

The scarcity of rhinos today and the corresponding intermittent availability of rhino horn only drive the price higher, and intensify the pressure on the declining rhino populations. For people whose annual income is often far below the subsistence level, the opportunity to change one’s life by killing an animal that they don’t value is overwhelming.

Poachers are now being supplied by international criminal gangs with sophisticated equipment to track and kill rhinos. Often they use a tranquilizer gun to bring the rhino down and hack of its horn leaving the rhino to wake up and bleed to death very painfully and slowly. Poachers are also often armed with guns making them very dangerous for the anti-poaching teams who put their lives on the line to protect rhinos.

HABITATAL LOSS Habitat loss is a major threat to rhino populations. There are several ways in which this is manifested including clearance of land for human settlement and agricultural production, logging, authorized and illegal. This is a major threat to all species as wildlife needs space to live and survive. It is therefore also a major barrier for rhino numbers to recover and increase.

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33

History

How did Humans live During the Stone Age?

I

n this enquiry we will be looking at the tools people used, homes and farming techniques. Use the links and information below to try and find out about these aspects.

What was the Stone Age? The Stone Age was a time thousands of years ago, when humans lived in caves and jungles. Life was simple, and there were only two main things to do – to protect themselves from the wild animals and to gather food. It started almost with the evolution of mankind.

For both purposes, people made tools from stone. The oldest stone tool that we have as evidence is almost 3.4 million years old . It was found in Lower Awash Valley in Ethiopia. Stones were also used to make fire. Since in those times, humans used stone for almost everything they did, hence the name Stone Age. The Stone Age went on for a long time. Any signs of trouble and the humans would go hiding in the caves. In India, the Bhimbetka rock shelters show the earliest signs of human life in the region. They are almost 30,000 years old. Some researchers have discovered Stone Age art in European caves.

The inside walls of the cave are adorned with paintings of animals like horses, deer, and mammoths. Click the picture below to watch a short video about a day in the life of a Stone Age child!

When was the Stone Age? The Stone Age lasted roughly 3.4 million years. The Palaeolithic age, the oldest and longest of the stone ages, began roughly 2.6 million years ago, 2 million BC to 12,000BC. The Mesolithic Age (middles) began and lasted between 12,000 BC and 10,000 BC and the Neolithic (new) began during 10,000 BC and ended in 5,000BC. These dates are not fully accurate and are rough estimates as nobody actually knows the dates for a fact.

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The Ages of the Stone Age The Stone age can be split into three phases, the Palaeolithic (old stone age), Mesolithic (middle stone age) and Neolithic (new stone age). As time passed, tools, homes and ways of hunting evolved.

Tools

One of the most important advancements in human history was the development and use of tools. Tools allowed hominids to become the masters of their environments, to hunt, to build, and to perform important tasks that made life easier for them. The first tools were made out of stone. Thus, historians refer to the period of time before written history as the Stone Age.

Homes Human ancestors during this age lived in caves, and many groups used fire. Shelters made

by Neanderthals showed that they also lived in huts made of wood and had hearths for fire. Another hut made of animal hides over wooden poles was found inside of a cave in Grotte du Lazaret in France. Other huts, sometimes with divided living spaces and hearths and braced with mammoth bones have been found in France, the Ukraine, Siberia and Russia.

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Stone Age Cave paintings Hunter gatherers often painted and engraved the inside of caves and huts.

The Palaeolithic people decorated their cave walls either by carving or engraving them with sharp stones, or by painting them with pigment made from minerals. Red (rust) colours were obtained from the stones and black came from charcoal. The colours were mixed with water to make paint. They were applied to the walls with their fingers, fur or brushes made from twigs.

The paintings often represented daily life such as men hunting, animals, and women gathering crops.

Farming The last stage of Stone Age was when people discovered farming and life became more systematic. Pots and pans were made out of clay.

Large scale buildings were built. Stone walls and straw roof were common. Stonehenge is a wonderful example of that time.

Skara Brae The Neolithic settlement of Skara Brae lies near the dramatic white beach of Skaill on the West Coast of Mainland Orkney, Scotland.

Skara Brae is the best preserved groups of prehistoric houses in Western Europe.

Uncovered by a storm in 1850, the attraction presents a remarkable picture of life around 5,000 years ago.

Skara Brae 36

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

Career Awareness

Why It's Important to Start Early Children may do better in school if they can see how education is connected to a successful future. You can help your child: • Discover the variety of jobs available to him or her; • Connect what he or she is learning in school to real-world situations; • Begin viewing himself or herself in an occupation; and • Develop work-readiness skills such as working in teams, making decisions, solving problems and being a leader.

Help your child learn about a broad range of careers and show him or her how education is connected to those careers. For example: • A veterinarian uses math skills to calculate the amount of medicine a cat will need; • A reporter needs writing skills to compose newspaper articles; and • A marine biologist relies on his or her knowledge of science to study aquatic life.

How to Talk to Your Child About Careers Relate your child's interests to adult activities. For example: • If your child likes art, discuss how adults use art to design houses, clothing, magazine ads, movie sets and even toys. Explain that people also use art when they draw cartoons, arrange flowers, or take photos for magazines and books.

• If your child likes to be outdoors, talk about outdoor careers like landscape architecture, forestry, archaeology, construction work, marine biology and commercial fishing.

• If your child is very social, discuss how people who like to talk and work with people may choose to work as a teacher, a lawyer, a customer service representative, a receptionist, a hotel manager or a convention planner.

• If your child likes to help people, talk about different ways he or she can do that in a career such as nursing, medicine, athletic training, family counseling or childcare.

• If your child loves math, you may want to talk to him or her about becoming an accountant, a computer programmer, an engineer or a statistician. You should also remind your child that almost all careers use basic math, so it is a very important skill.

• If your child likes to keep others safe, talk to him or her about a career as a police officer, a forensic scientist, a detective, an investigator, a parole officer, a security guard or a bailiff.

• Teach your child to accept other children's ideas, even if they are different from his or hers.

• Show your child how his or her behavior might affect the feelings of other children.

• Resolve conflicts in a positive manner.

• Talk to your child about how he or she feels, and teach your child to deal with his or her emotions in a healthy way.

• Have your family work as a team to complete a home project.

• When your child makes a mistake, work positively to correct it and prevent it from happening again.

• Take your child to school on time, and teach him or her the importance of punctuality.

• Involve your child in real family decisions. Talk about how the choices your child makes affects other people.

Career Skills for Your Elementary School Child In elementary school, your child should start learning about responsibility, cooperation and problem-solving. You can help your child learn these skills.

• Help your child develop a positive attitude about life.

• Talk about your child's likes and dislikes, and explain that every person has unique tastes.

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

37

Mathematics

NUMBER SERIES

(Sequences or Progressions) A number series is a sequence of many numbers written from left to right in a certain pattern. In general, the students will be asked to find the next number, missing number and wrong number in mostof the Competitive Examinations. The Series / Sequences can be categorized as follows:

a) Prime Number Series

p) Unique series

b) Multiple Series

q) Increasing Series

c) Difference Series

r) Decreasing Series

d) Division Series

s) Alternating Series

e)

n2

f)

(n2+1)

Series

t) Mix of two series or

Series

two different types of

h) (n2-1) Series i)

(n2-n)

j)

n3

k) l)

operations may be going

Series

on alternatively

Series

(n3+1)

(n3-1)

u) Arithmetic Series

Series

v) Geometric Series

Series

w) Harmonic Series

m) (n3+n) Series n)

(n3-n)

x) Geo-Arithmetic Series

Series

y) Fibonacci Series and etc.,

o) Fractional Series ■

What is the next number in the series 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21,__________ Sol: 2+3 = 5, 5+8=13, 8+13=21, 13+21 = 34.

Next term is 34.

■

What is the next number in the series.

95, 86, 75, 62, 47 ______ Sol: 95-86=9, 86-75=11, 75-62=13, 62-47=15 Next term is 47-x = 17 47-17 = x = 30

■ Find the next term in the series 49, 48, 45, 40_____

49

48

45

40

-1

-3

-5

-7

(33)

Next term is 33.

■

Find the next term in the Series 4, 5, 9, 18, 34___ 4

5

+12 +22

9

18

+32 +42

34

(59)

+52

Next term is 59.

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■ Which term is odd in the series 2, 6, 8, 16, 20, 45.

Sol: 16 is a perfect square while the rest are imperfect.

So16 is an odd term.

■ Which term in series 16, 17, 21, 30, 45, 71, 107 is wrong.

16

17

+12 +22

21

30

45

71

+32

+42

+52

+62

107

45 is the Wrong term. 46 is the Correct term

■ Which term is wrong in the series 7, 28, 63, 124, 215, 342, 511.

Sol: 7

28

(23-1)

63

124

215,.....

(33-1) (43-1) (53-1) (63-1)....

So, 33 -1 = 28. It should be 26.

28 is Wrong term.

■ What is the next term in the series 112, 114, 118, 124, 132, 142.

112

114

118

132

142

+2

+4

+6

+10

+12

(154)

Next term is 154.

■ Next term in the series 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21,_____ 1

3

+2 +3

6

10

15

21

+4

+5

+6

+7

(28)

Next term is 28.

■ Find the next term in the series 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 19, 25.____ 4

5

7

10

14

19

25

+1

+2

+3

+4

+5

+6

+7

(32)

Next term is 32.

■ Find the next term in the series 0,9, 64, 225, 576 0,

9,

(12-1)2 (22-1)2

64

225

576

(32-1)2

(42-1)2

(1225)

(52-1)2

(62-1)2

Next term is 1225

■ Find the next number in the series 3, 10, 21, 52, 108 3

10

24

52

108

(220)

2+4 2+4 2+4 2+4 2+4 Next term is 220.

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39

Computer Programming

Handling Numbers

I

n last chapter we leant about strings, memory variables to store strings, in this edition we will try to learn on how we can handle numbers in Google Go Language.

Go Language divides numbers into two categories as integers and floating point numbers Integers: Integers are numbers without decimal points ex: 240, 1000, 520, 9 etc.. We can define integer variable using int keyword.

Rajesh Thiruvaskur Senior Architect at Centrica Informatics

40

Floating point numbers: Floating point numbers are numbers with a decimal point ex :190.10, 2.00001, 12.0 etc.. We can define floating point number variable using float32 keyword We all are aware of how to add two values, let’s do it again, let’s add 2 to 3, how we write this 2 + 3 = 5, here we are directly adding values and writing down the result, to add we are using ‘ + ‘ symbol, the symbols which are used for calculations of values are called as mathematical operators in programming terminology, we have few more mathematical operators which are listed below

IGNITING MINDS | | |Feb 2016

Addition

+

Subtraction

-

Multiplication

*

Division

/

Reminder (modulus)

%

Now let’s write a program to add two integer values // program starts here package main import "fmt" func main() { var n1 int var n2 int n1=2 n2=3 n3:=n1+n2 fmt.Println(" Sum of two values ",n3) } // program Ends here In above program we declared variables In two ways one is with below statement var n1 int other is using := symbol n3 := n1+n2 Note the difference of using = and :=. Study below statement carefully n1=2 ( here = is used as assignment operator, we assigned value 2 to variable n1)

can try this example at https://golang.org/ , when you visit the link you can find Try Go box, where you can type your own example by removing given example in the box at that link, and hit run button when to finish writing the program to get the result.

n3 := n1 + n2 ( here := is used to declare n3 and assign values of n1 and n2 by adding them ) We will learn more about numbers in advanced chapters in coming editions.

Try above example by using your own values to add, subtract etc., you

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Pride of India

S

arojini Naidu was truly one of the gems of the 20th century India. She was known by the sobriquet "The Nightingale of India". Her contribution was not confined to the fields of politics only but she was also a renowned poet. The play "Maher Muneer", written by Naidu at an early age, fetched a scholarship to study abroad. She briefed the struggles of freedom for independence to the political stalwarts of European nations, she had visited. She married Dr. Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu, a South India. The marriage took place at a time when inter-caste marriage was not acceptable in the society. Her acts helped in raising many eyebrows. In 1905, a collection of poems, she had composed, was published under the title of "Golden Threshold".

Born: February 13, 1879, Hyderabad Died: March 2, 1949, Lucknow Children: Padmaja Naidu, Randheer Naidu, Leelamani Naidu, Nilawar Naidu, Jayasurya Naidu Parents: Barada Sundari Devi, Aghornath Chattopadhyaya Education: King's College London (1895–1898), University of Madras,Girton College, Cambridge

Life Sarojini Naidu father, Dr. Aghornath Chattopadhyaya was a scientist, philosopher, and educator. He founded the Nizam College of Hyderabad. Her mother, Varada Sundari Devi was a Bengali poetess. Dr. Aghornath Chattopadhyaya was the first member of the Indian National Congress in Hyderabad. For his socio-political activities, Aghornath was dismissed from his position as Principal.

Since childhood, Sarojini was a very bright and intelligent child. Though Aghornath wanted his daughter to become a mathematician or scientist, young Sarojini was fond of poetry. At an early age, she wrote a "thirteen-hundredlines" long poem "The Lady of the Lake". Impressed

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"

"

We want deeper sincerity of motive, a greater courage in speech and earnestness in action.

Sarojini

Naidu

with her skills of expressing things with appropriate words, Aghornath Chattopadhyaya encouraged her works. Few months later, Sarojini, with assistance from her father, wrote the play "Maher Muneer" in the Persian language.

During 1915, Sarojini Naidu traveled all over India and delivered speeches on welfare of youth, dignity of labor, women's emancipation and nationalism. In 1916, she took up the cause of the indigo workers of Champaran in the western district of Bihar.

Sarojini's father Dr. Aghornath Chattopadhyaya distributed some copies of the play among his friends and relatives. He also sent a copy to the Nizam of Hyderabad. Impressed with the works of the little child, the Nizam granted her a scholarship to study overseas. At the age of 16, she got admission in the King's College of England. There, she had the opportunity to meet prominent English authors like Arthur Simon and Edmond Gausse.

It was Gausse who asked Sarojini Naidu to write on the Indian themes like great mountains, rivers, temples, social milieu etc.

In March 1919, the British government passed the Rowlatt Act by which the possession of seditious documents was deemed illegal. Mahatma Gandhi organized the Non-Cooperation Movement to protest and Naidu was the first to join the movement. Besides, Sarojini Naidu also actively campaigned for the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, the Khilafat issue, the Sabarmati Pact, the Satyagraha Pledge and the Civil Disobedience Movement.

After returning to India, at the age of 19, Sarojini Naidu married Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu. He was a noted doctor from South India. They were married by the Brahmo Marriage Act (1872), in Madras in 1898. The marriage took place at a time when inter-caste marriages were not allowed and tolerated in the Indian society. Her marriage was a very happy one. They had four children.

National Movement Sarojini Naidu was moved by the partition of Bengal in 1905 and decided to join the Indian freedom struggle. She met regularly with Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who later introduced her to the stalwarts of the Indian freedom movement. She met Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

With such an encouraging environment, Sarojini later moved on to become leader of the Indian National Congress Party. She traveled extensively to the United States of America and many European countries as the flag-bearer of the Indian Nationalist struggle.

In 1919, she went to England as a member of the all-India Home Rule Deputation. In January 1924, she was one of the two delegates of the Indian National Congress Party to attend the East African Indian Congress. In 1925, she was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress Party.

Poet Besides her role and sacrifices in the Indian Nationalist Movement, Sarojini Naidu is also commended for her contribution in the field of poetry. Her works were so beautiful that many were transformed into songs. In 1905, her collection of poems was published under the title "Golden Threshold". Later, she also published two other collections called "The Bird of Time", and "The Broken Wings".

Death Sarojini Naidu was the first woman Governor of Uttar Pradesh. Her chairmanship of the Asian Relations Conference in 1947 was highly-appraised.

Two years later, on 02 March 1949, Sarojini Naidu died at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

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Country

VIETNAM Official name: Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Continent: Asia, Form of Government: Socialist republic, Capital: Hanoi, Population: 93,421,835, Official language: Vietnamese, Money: Dong, Area: 127,123 square miles (329,247 square kilometers), Major mountain range: Annam Cordillera, Major rivers: Mekong, Red, Ma, Perfume,

Major crops : Important food crops in Vietnam include rice, corn, sweet potato, cassava and several kinds of bean.

Prime Minister: Nguyen Tan Dung

Geography Vietnam is a long, narrow nation shaped like the letter S. It is in Southeast Asia on the eastern edge of the peninsula known as Indochina. Its neighbors include China to the north and Laos and Cambodia to the west. The South China Sea lies to the east and south. The mountains of the Annam Cordillera rise over most of the western side of Vietnam, while a thousand-mile (1,600-kilometer) coastline dominates the east.

At its narrowest point, Vietnam is only 30 miles (48 kilometers) wide. Two of Vietnam's largest rivers, the Mekong in the south and the Red in the north, end at the South China Sea in huge swampy plains called deltas. These regions are home to most of the country's people and provide fertile ground to grow rice and many other crops.

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History Vietnam's first civilizations arose in the Red River Valley some 5,000 years ago. These northern tribes flourished until 207 B.C., when their region was conquered by a Chinese lord, who established a kingdom called Nam Viet.

In 111 B.C., Nam Viet became part of the Chinese empire, which ruled the north until A.D. 939, when a Vietnamese commander named Ngo Quyen organized a revolt that drove the Chinese out. Later dynasties renamed the country Dai Viet and gradually extended their territory south. By the mid-1500s, Dai Viet was divided between rival kingdoms: the Trinh in the north and the Nguyen in the south.

Japan took control briefly during World War II, and when the war ended with Japan's defeat in 1945, Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Vietnamese Communist Party, declared Vietnam an independent nation.

In 1957, communist rebels in the south, called Viet Cong, rose up. War between the North and South ensued, and other countries, including the United States, Russia, and China, soon became involved. The fighting lasted until 1975, when the communists overran the south and took its capital, Saigon.

Ho chi minh

People & Culture Most Vietnamese people live in the countryside, mainly in the river delta regions of the north and south. Recently though, people have begun to move to the main cities of Ho Chi Minh (formerly Saigon) and Hanoi.

The most popular sports in Vietnam include soccer, table tennis, volleyball, and martial arts.

Vietnamese food is a blend of Chinese and Thai styles and features seafood and homegrown fruits and vegetables.

As a communist country, Vietnam has no official religion. But people are free to worship if they want to, and many follow what's called the "Three Teachings" of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism.

Nature Vietnam's mountainous terrain, forests, wetlands, and long coastline contain many different habitats that support a great variety of wildlife. Some 270 types of mammals, 180 reptiles, 80 amphibians, and 800 bird species reside in Vietnam.

Many rare and unusual animals live in Vietnam, including giant catfish, Indochinese tigers, Saola antelopes, and Sumatran rhinos. The government has set up 30 parks and reserves to protect its animals.

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Best Places to Visit in Vietnam Ha Long Bay Ha Long Bay is situated in North Vietnam round a 120 km long coastline and is literally translated as “Bay of Descending Dragons”. The top tourist attraction in Vietnam, Ha Long Bay features thousands of islands, each topped with thick jungle vegetation, forming a spectacular seascape of limestone pillars. Several of the islands are hollow, with enormous caves, others islands include lakes and some support floating villages of fishermen.

Sa Pa Terraces Sa Pa is a town in northwest Vietnam not far from the Chinese border. Rice terraces can be found in the Muong Hoa valley between Sa Pa town and the Fansipan Mountain, on a backdrop of thick bamboo woodlands. Local mountain people, the Hmong, Giay, Dao, Tay, and Giay, grow rice and corn on these paddy terraces, along with vegetables.

Mekong Delta The Mekong Delta is the region in southern Vietnam where the Mekong River approaches and empties into the sea. It is a very rich and lush area, covered with rice fields, that produces about half of the total of Vietnam’s agricultural output. Subsequently, life in the Mekong Delta revolves much around the river, and all the villages are often accessible by river rather than by road.

Facts about Vietnam ■ Vietnam is the largest exporter of cashews in the world, and the second largest exporter of rice.

■ Instead of bells, traditional gongs are used to call the Vietnamese children to school.

■ Although Vietnam is a developing country, it has a literacy rate of 94%.

■ Among all developing countries, Vietnam has one of the lowest unemployment rates.

■ You can find a B52 American Bomber Wreck in Vietnam’s West Lake.

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Hue Situated on the banks of the Perfume River in Central Vietnam, Hue once served as the imperial capital of the Nguyen dynasty. Today, the vestiges of this former glorious period are reflected in the city’s architecture, culture and cuisine, making it one of the best places to visit in Vietnam. Of the city’s monuments, the Citadel is the most famous. Once the seat of the Nguyen emperors, the Citadel is a sprawling complex of grand palaces, ornate temples, walls and gates Another important landmark on the river is the city’s official symbol, the Thien Mu Pagoda.

Nha Trang Nha Trang is Vietnam’s most popular seaside resort town located along the second most beautiful bays in the country. It features beautiful beaches with fine and clean sand and clear ocean water with mild temperatures. The city has about 300,000 inhabitants and is more lively and urban in character than other beach destinations like Mui Ne and Phu Quoc. It’s also the scuba diving center of Vietnam.

Government & Economy Vietnam is a socialist state governed by the Communist Party of Vietnam. A president, chosen by the National Assembly, is head of state and commander of the armed forces. An appointed prime minister runs the government.

Vietnam's main exports include crude oil, seafood, rice, shoes, wooden products, machinery, electronics, coffee, and clothing. Between 1975 and the late 1980s, Vietnam traded mainly with other communist countries, but since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990, it has expanded trade with other nations.

■ An estimated ten million motor bikes travel on the roads of Vietnam every day.

■ Ruou ran (snake wine), a Vietnamese specialty of rice wine with a pickled snake inside, allegedly can cure any sickness.

■ The most common surname in Vietnam is Nguyen.

■ The Vietnamese language has six different tones. A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. This makes their language somewhat difficult to learn.

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Hanoi city

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Sports

Kabaddi Rules T hough kabaddi is primarily an Indian game, not much is known about the origin of this game.

There is, however, concrete evidence, that the game is 4,000 year old. It is a team sport, which requires both skill and power, and combines the characteristics of wrestling and rugby. It was originally meant to develop self defence, in addition to responses to attack, and reflexes of counter attack by individuals, and by groups or teams. It is a rather simple and inexpensive game, and neither requires a massive playing area, nor any expensive equipment.

This explains the popularity of the game in rural India. Kabaddi is played all over Asia with minor variations.

Kabaddi is known by various names viz. Chedugudu or Hu-TuTu in southern parts of India, Hadudu (Men) and Chu - Kit-Kit (women) in eastern India, and Kabaddi in northern India.

The sport is also popular in Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Japan and Pakistan.

The Game In Kabaddi, two teams compete with each other for higher scores, by touching or capturing the players of the opponent team. Each team consists of 12 players, of which seven are on court at a time, and five in reserve. The two teams fight for higher scores, alternating defence and offense. The court is as large as that for a dodge ball game. The game consists of two 20 minute halves, with a break of five minutes for change of sides.

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The kabaddi playing area is 12.50m x 10m, divided by a line into two halves. The side winning the toss sends a 'raider', who enters the opponents' court chanting, 'kabaddi-kabaddi'. The raider's aim is to touch any or all players on the opposing side, and return to his court in one breath. The person, whom the raider touches, will then be out. The aim of the opposing team, will be to hold the raider, and stop him from returning to his own court, until he takes another breath. If the raider cannot return to his court in the same breath while chanting 'kabaddi', he will be declared out. Each team alternates in sending a player into the opponents' court. If a player goes out of the boundary line during the course of the play, or if any part of his body touches the ground outside the boundary, he will be out, except during a struggle.

Lona The team scores a lona ( a bonus of two points), if the entire opposition is declared out. The game then continues by putting all the players on both sides. Matches are staged on the basis of age-groups, and weight. Seven officials supervise a match - one referee, two umpires, two linesmen, a time keeper and a scorer.

Types of Kabaddi In India, Kabaddi is recognised in three forms: ■ Surjeevani ■ Gaminee ■ Amar

The 'Surjeevani' form of Kabaddi is played under the Kabaddi Federation of India, and is governed by its rules and regulations.

In the 'Surjeevani' form of Kabaddi, one player is revived against one player of the opposite team who is out. i.e. one out, one in.

The duration of the game, the number of players, the dimensions of the court, etc. have been fixed by the Kabaddi Federation of India.

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l o Co

s n o i t Inven

The Ocean Cleanup Project Developed by Boyan Slat

There’s a glut of plastic trash in the middle of the Pacific Ocean that’s bigger than Texas—and growing. But the default removal process of chasing it with nets is both costly and time-¬consuming.

Instead, the Ocean Cleanup Project proposes a 62-mile-long (100 km) floating boom—at an estimated cost of $15 million—that would use natural currents to trap trash. (Its net drops roughly 10 ft., or 3 m, below the surface, shallow enough for fish to swim around.) If next year’s trials succeed, a full cleanup operation would aim to start in 2020; internal estimates suggest it could reduce the trash by 42% over 10 years.

The Headset That Helps you Hack Life Microsoft HoloLens

Developer edition available early 2016

Virtual-reality headsets, like the Oculus Rift, create escapes. Put one on, and you’re suddenly swimming with dolphins or fighting in the Battle of Waterloo. Microsoft’s HoloLens, by contrast, augments reality—overlaying holograms and data onto existing surroundings, so you’re not “confined to the virtual world,” as designer Alex Kipman puts it. Imagine gamers defending their homes from robot invaders, engineers manipulating 3-D models or surgeons following directions “on” the human body. Early tests indicate all are possible. Already the HoloLens is being used by NASA to mimic Mars’ terrain in labs and by medical students to dissect virtual bodies.

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Guinness w

orld Reco rds

Car created with a single log for Timber Kings TV show takes speed record As part of an upcoming episode from the third season of the hit TV show Timber Kings, HGTV Canada recently set a new world record for the Fastest motorised log, creating a super-fast vehicle built from a single section of Western Red Cedar.

The show usually sees logging experts build incredible cabins for million dollar clients, but for a forthcoming episode the team turned their attention to something altogether more fast paced.

The car was created from a single log from British Columbia, Canada, with the build taking over 3,000 man hours.

Once construction was completed, an attempt at the record took place at the Wild Horse Pass Motorsports Park in Chandler, Arizona, USA, on 20 January 2016.

The final speed on the first ever run of the motorized log, was 76.625 kph (47.64 mph) - smashing the required benchmark of 50 kph to set a new Guinness World Records title - an impressive feat when taking into account the 2,000 pound weight of the car.

The vehicle, dubbed “The Cedar Rocket� by its creators, was built with volunteer time and consists of metal frames and axels, an electric motor, and two turbines.

The car was driven during its record-breaking run by star of the Timber Kings show Bryan Reid Sr, the founder and owner of Pioneer Log Homes of BC, who following the attempt declared that breaking the record was "one of the top ten achievements" of his life.

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Current Affairs Gurdeep Singh appointed as CMD of NTPC

India successfully test fired Intelsat 29e, the first of Akash missile at Chandipur Intelsat EpicNG Satellites, launched into Orbit

Singh will be the first person to be appointed to the top job at a Maharatna company through a search committee route.

Three rounds of test were carried out

by Indian Air Force (IAF) personnel aiming at para-barrel targets.

Commemorative Coin of 150 rupees & Circulation Coin of 10 rupees on Lala Lajpat Rai released

UNICEF launched 2.8 billion US dollar humanitarian appeal for children

Intelsat 29e will bring high throughput capacity in both C- and Ku-band to North and Latin America and the North Atlantic region.

India and Armenia signed a protocol to amend Double Taxation Avoidance Convention It amends the article on exchange of Information for tax purposesto bring it in line with the updated provisions in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Model.

The Commemorative Coin is made of Quaternary alloy with diameter of 44 mm and Circulation coin is made of bi-metallic material with diameter of 27 mm.

The Turbulent Years, Volume II of memoirs of President Pranab Mukherjee, released In this book, he reminisced about crucial events of his political life including Indira Gandhi's assassination, Babri Masjid demolition, operation Blue Star and his ouster from Rajiv Gandhi's Cabinet.

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It is for the first time ever that the largest portion of the appeal, that is, 25 per cent is dedicated towards educating children in emergencies.

French President Francois Hollande concluded threeday visit to India

IPS officer Aparna Kumar became India's first civil servant to scale Mount Vinson Massif

She set out on the Antarctic expedition on 5 January 2016, accompanied by a 10-member team of mountaineers from various countries.

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This was President Hollande's second State Visit to India and the fifth time that a French Head of State was invited as the Chief Guest on India's Republic Day celebrations.

President Pranab Mukherjee announced 2016 Padma Awards

19 of the awardees in the list are women and the list also includes 10 persons in the category of foreigners, NRIs, PIOs and 4 posthumous awardees.

President Rule imposed in Arunachal Pradesh

The Union Cabinet approved the imposition of President Rule on the state after expiration of six month deadline under which the Assembly was supposed to meet.

67th India’s Republic Day celebrated

National Bravery Awards 2015 presented to 25 Children

The awards are presented by the Prime Minister of India prior to Republic Day and the children then participate in the Republic Day Parade.

India’s largest flag with tallest flagpole hoisted at Ranchi

The flag is 66 feet in height, 99 feet in width and hoisted on a 293 feet-tall pole.

BEPS guidelines of OECD to be implemented in India from 1 April 2016 The term BEPS is an acronym of Base Erosion and Profit Shiftingand it was in news in the third week of January 2016 as India decided to implement these guidelines.

Jodhpur's Umaid Bhawan Palace named the world's best hotel of 2016

The winners of Travellers' Choice Award, which entered its 14th year, were determined on the basis of the reviews and opinions collected in a single year from TripAdvisor travellers worldwide.

PM Narendra Modi released book titled The Z Factor written by Subhash Chandra

The book is the autobiography of the promoter of Essel/ Zee Group Subhash Chandra.

Scientists of California spotted the potential Planet 9

The parade witnessed participation of some of India’s most highly trained dogs from the army’s Veterinary Corps, after 26 years.

The Planet is surrounded by much brighter lights even the distant Pluto could be about 10000 times brighter. So, they opined that the planet might have made its way out to the edge of the solar system when it was thrown out there by the gravity of Jupiter or Saturn.

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ISRO, Kuwait Institute signed MoU on cooperation in space exploration

It will allow use of data from Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites by KISR for initiating a few research and application projects.

World Bank to fund 20 million US dollar for reconstructing Indira Gandhi Zoological Park

The four coastal districts of Visakhapatnam, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and East Godavari are expected to get 20 million US dollar for forest restoration and disaster prevention measures.

Telangana became first State to make gender education compulsory at graduate level

To introduce compulsory gender education at the graduate level, the state in second week of January 2016 introduced a bilingual textbook titled, Towards a World of Equals.

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Sikkim declared first organic farming state of India

The declaration was made by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi while inaugurating the Sikkim Organic Festival 2016 in Gangtok, Sikkim.

Anuradha Roy won 2016 DSC Prize for Sleeping on Jupiter

The DSC Prize for South Asian Literature is a literary prize awarded annually to writers of any ethnicity or nationality writing about South Asia with themes such as culture, politics, history or people.

India and Japan conducted joint Coast Guard exercise Sahyog-Kaijin 2016

DRDO successfully testfired anti-tank missile Nag in Rajasthan

The Sahayog-Kaijin is a bilateral exercise, which is a part of the cooperative arrangements between two Coast Guards for the last 15 years.

The test was conducted during a night trial to validate the enhanced 4-km range capability of ImagingInfrared seeker.

Kerala became first State to achieve 100% primary education

The success of Kerala in achieving total primary education can be attributed to the Athulyam Scheme which was implemented for over 15 years in two stages.

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Angelique Kerber of Germany won 2016 Australian Open women’s singles tennis title

Sania Mirza, Martina Hingis won 2016 Australian Open women's doubles tennis title

To win her maiden grand slam title, the seventh seed defeated the world number 1 ranking Serena Williams of

Australia won five-match ODI series against India, 4-1

For Sania-Hingis pair, it was their maiden Australian Open title and the third successive Grand Slam doubles title after their victories in the 2015 Wimbledon and US Open.

This is the first time that any team has chased more than 300 runs to complete victory against Australia in their own den.

the USA by 6-4 3-6 6-4.

Ishika Shah won 12th Sub-Junior National Snooker championship title

PV Sindhu won Malaysia Masters Grand Prix Gold Badminton title This was Sindhu’s second Malaysia Masters Grand Prix Gold title, having won it in 2013 as well.

To win the title, she defeated Anushi Seth by 50-2, 50-33 in the final match held in Indore.

Indian women win maiden T20 series against Australia

India won three-match T-20 series against Australia, 3-0 Shane Watson of Australia who smashed unbeaten 124 in 71 balls was declared the Man of the Match of the third and final match.

The Indian women’s cricket team scripted history on Friday by clinching its maiden Twenty20 series win over three-time world champion Australia with a comprehensive 10-wicket triumph in the rain-truncated second game, in Melbourne.

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Brain Gym 1. Friends ! can you tell what is common in all these six persons?

2. Spokes

3. Scrabble

CLUE 1. A medium that disseminates moving pictures.

2. Decorate, as with ornaments.

3. Keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view.

4. Come into view indistinctly.

5. A large quantity of written matter.

6. A metric unit of weight.

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December Brain Gym Answers 1. All places are World Heritage.

2.

3. 1.RATR, 2.CART, 3.CARE, 4. ACT, 5.TEA, 6.ERA, 7.CAR and 8.AT. 4. Pattern Number 2 5. 1. Mummy's eyes re closed. 2. Latch of the almirah behind her is missing. 3. Distant bird is missing. 4. Less leaves on the tree.

5. Notebook has no writing. 6. Child is not smiling. 7. His belt is black. 8. Flower vase is missing.

5. Find Eight Differences in Both the Pictures.

4. Looking at the change of patterns, tell, what comes in Blank - Change to ‘Guess the next pattern...’

Sarojini Naidu

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Quotes

One needs a Seer's Vision and an Angel's voice to be of any avail. I do not know of any Indian man or woman today who has those gifts in their most complete measure.

Oh, we want a new breed of men before India can be cleansed of her disease.

A country's greatness lies in its undying ideals of love and sacrifice that inspire the mothers of the race.

My husband is exceedingly busy. For some time the talk of his going had been slack, but just now again there seems to be a move to get him sent to the front!

Good Heavens! She said ‘grass and goats milk? Never!’

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