September magazine 2016 1

IGNITING MINDS ` 125/-

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Monthly Educational Magazine

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RNI No: TELENG/2015/65077

“Inspired by a great soul Dr. APJ ABDUL KALAM”

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# NURTURING YOUR CHILD’S SELF ESTEEM

# COLLEGE DROPOUT TURNS METRO UNDERBRIDGE INTO SCHOOL # ASPIRING TO BECOME A MOBILE APP DEVELOPER?

Revisiting Vision 2020

# YOU ARE WHAT YOU WRITE

Let Us Work Towards a Great Vision

Editor Nagasri Nampally +91 8885053541

Consultant Editor Venu K.Kodimela

Assistant Editor Sam B Arackal

Director Vamshikrishna Parlapally +91 9160777888

Design Team Dharmendher.B +91 9700104157 Sarath Chandra Y V +91 9989636399

Advisors Priya Iyengar Mr. Anil Kumar Siddu Dr Y. Naveen Kumar

Is small aim a crime? Yes, it is, according to former president Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam. India is a country that is well poised to grab the attention of the world thanks to its immense human resources.

The only thing we are lacking is to have a clear agenda and vision to pursue it and make it a reality. It is at this stage the grand visionary Dr. Kalam with his appeal across political spectrum calls for unified action to realize Vision 2020. Time is ticking away as we have very few years to realize the vision outlaid by the great visionary who is no more with us.

Dr. Kalam had identified 600 million youth as the biggest resource of the country that will propel growth. Now, we have ‘Make in India’, ‘Skilling India’ as rightly envisioned by Prime Minister Narendra Modi who is drawing key insights from Dr. Kalam to make a strong nation.

Dr. Kalam was known as people’s president, highly appealing to the youth and the scientific community.

In our capacity as opinion makers, we tried to motivate the aspiring youth to work and sweat for a great nation. We have covered topics like ‘Cool Inventions, information on Param Vir Chakra, a moral story only to make the youth think and aim big. Indeed, we need to work together to have a grandstanding among world nations. Read and explore for more…... We would like to remind you that we are just a click away on your smart phone or personal computer with Igniting Minds app on Android. Apart from this you can also be in touch with us on social media - facebook/ ignitingmindsmagazine. Do give us your feedback and suggestions.

Office Address:

Happy reading, Igniting Minds team

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Feedback or Queries: +91 8885053541

Events Calendar (October) Sunday

* Mahatma Gandhi Jayanti, * Checklist Day

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* International Non-Violence Day

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* World Food Day, * Maharishi Valmiki Jayanti. * World Post Day

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* TV Talk Show Host Day

Monday

* World Polio Day,

Tuesday

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* World Savings Day

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* International Day for the Eradication of Health Day 17 Poverty

* World Mental

*World Architecture Day

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* Vijayadashami ,

* World Animal Day.

Wednesday

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* World Arthritis Day

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* United Nations Day.

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* Independence Day in Azerbaijan * International Artists Day

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*World Teacher’s Day,

Thursday

* International Day of the Girl Child.

* World Development Information Day,

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* Evaluate Your Life Day

* National Pumpkin Day

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* World Day for Audiovisual Heritage * World Sight Day.

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* World Smile Day

* World Egg Day .

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Saturday

* International Day of Older Persons,

* World Maths Day,

* World Vegetarian Day. * Indian Air force Day

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*International Day of Rural Women.

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* World Statistics Day

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Friday

* Physician Assistant Day 06

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* Police Commemoration Day,

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* Azad Hind Day

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* International Animation Day.

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* International Internet Day.

* International Stuttering Awareness Day

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Birthday Calendar (October) * Mahatma Gandhi (1869 - 1948),

* Diego Maradona 30 (Footballer, 1960)

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* Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Statesman, 1875-1950)

* Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-1966)

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* Guru Ram Das (Sikh Guru, 1534 – 1581)

* Sathyaraj (Film Actor, 1954)

*S. S. Rajamouli (Film Director, 1973)

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* Naveen Patnaik (Chief Minister of Odisha, 1946)

* Brinda Karat (Politician, 1947)

* Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (Former Vice-President of India 1923 – 2010)

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*R.K. Laxman

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(Cartoonist 1921 – 2015)

* Amitabh Bachchan (Film Actor, 1942), * Shyamji Krishna Varma (1857 - 1930),

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* G. Venkat Swamy (Politician 05 1929 – 2014)

* Jaya Prakash Narayan (Political leader *Maharaja Gulab Singh 1902 - 1979), (Prince 1792 - 1857)

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* ShivrajPatil (Politician 1935)

* Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

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(Mathematician 1910-1995)

* M. N. Venkatachaliah (Former Chief Justice 25 of India,1929)

* Vaikunthbhai Mehta (Gandhian, 1891-1964)

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* Virender Sehwag (Cricketer, 1978), * Richard Dedekind (Mathematician 06 1831 – 1916)

* V. S. Achuthanandan (Chief Minister of Kerala * S. Ramaswami Mudaliar 1923)

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* Vladimir Putin

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*SivajiGanesan (Film Actor, 1928 – 2001)

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(President of the Russian 1952)

* Milkha Singh (Athlete, 1935)

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(Politician 1840-1911)

* Lala Har Dayal (Revolutionary 1884-1939)

* Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (Former President of

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India, 1931 -2015)

* K. R. Narayanan (Former President of India 1920-2005)

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* Alfred Nobel 21(Chemist 1833 – 1896)

*Indra Nooyi (Chief Executive Officer of 28 PepsiCo 1955)

*Deepak Chopra (Author 1947)

*Vijender Singh (Boxer, 1985)

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Cover Story

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Motivational Story Underbridge School

Small Aim is a Crime, Work for a Great Vision

Nine-year-old Priyanka Kumari wants to escape her impoverished childhood but the school she studies in is most unusual – underneath a metro bridge .........

It was on 27 July 2015 a great visionary named Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam, Bharat Ratna, People’s President and accomplished missile scientist entered glory. .........

Contents Handwriting

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You are what you write We all are pretty aware that no two people can walk in similar way, eat in the same style and sit in the same way. ........

Science

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Genetics DNA is the carrier material, transferred from your parents or ancestors which make you resemble them and the study of DNA and its heredity...........

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Parenting

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Nurture your child’s self-esteem ‘Self esteem’ is, to put it simply, what an individual thinks of himself/ herself. ........

Health & Nutrition 24

World’s Largest Aircraft Airlander 10

Awards 30

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5 Foods That Will Not Cause Weight Gain Even If Overeaten Career 34 Awareness Aspiring to become a Mobile App Developer?

Param Vir Chakra

Mobile Application Developer better known as Mobile App Developer in...........

History 37 Ajanta and Ellora Caves All the carvings and architectural work was done between 2nd century BC and the 8th century AD. ..........

The Highest Military Honour in India Pride of India 40

Country

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Sardar VallabhbhaI Patel

South Africa

Vallabhbhai Patel had played a major role in India’s struggle for independence.......

Most of South Africa’s landscape is made up of high, flat areas called plateaus..........

Cool Inventions & Guinness World 50 Records Brain Gym 52 Current Affairs

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sPORTS Badminton Badminton is a sport that has been around since the 16th century.,..........

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Cover story

Small Aim is a Crime, Work for a Great Vision

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t was on July 27, 2015 a great visionary named Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam, Bharat Ratna, People’s President and accomplished missile scientist entered glory. One year is over since his separation from India. What he left behind is his legacy his Vision 2020 for which he wanted co-operation from everyone and sweat to realize it.

Technology Vision 2020 provides the guidelines for development of the country using technology to aim 10 per cent GDP growth.

It was in 1998 that Kalam’s acclaimed book -- India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium was published.

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To realize his vision, he identified research as a vehicle to carry forward his vision. He wanted to create a science cadre and urged the scientists to mount intensive time bound research programs in areas like agriculture, floriculture, horticulture and solar energy to speedup sustainable rural development through science and technology.

Dr. Kalam had identified 600 million youth as the biggest resource of the country that will propel growth. “Millions of small-scale industries across the country, IT export and cost-effective pharmaceutical industry will also help the country achieve its goals,” he said.

Delivering his first Independence speech as the President in 2002, Kalam said, “The second vision of our nation is to transform it from the present developing status to a developed nation by integrated actions simultaneously in the areas of agriculture and food processing, education and healthcare, infrastructure development including power, information and communication technologies, and critical technologies. This greater vision will aim to alleviate poverty, illiteracy and unemployment.”

Dr. Kalam found many economies in the world are driven by export of defence systems. If they don’t sell defence systems or products that country’s economy will collapse. So aggressive marketing is going on wherever defence systems are manufactured.” India must learn to be competitive too. Competitiveness involves cost, quality and marketing.”

Science leads to technology, technology leads to products and marketing. He wanted the Indian scientific community to be digitally available for interactions. Taking a dim view of consumerism, he urged the government to increase the spending on infrastructure. Imports of agricultural produce, minerals, coal and petroleum products have to be considerably reduced, and inclusive economic policies should empower Indians to attain competitiveness in the agriculture, industry and services sectors.

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PM Modi has a Way of Realizing Impossible Dreams We have seen the roadmap laid by Dr. Kalam. Time is ticking away with three plus years to reach the target of Vision 2020. At this point it is necessary to evaluate the progress made by the government.

Dr. Kalam once said, “Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success.” Our Prime Minister Modi is on a mission to achieve Vision 2020 envisaged by the former president.

The Prime Minister’s zeal to realize the vision is seen in single-window scheme for various clearances such as steel, coal and power projects.

The ruling NDA government disbanded various ministerial groups for faster decision-making. Next action plan was the launch of Make-inIndia, Digital India and Skill India initiatives to create jobs.

Mudra bank launched with Rs 20,000 crore corpus to extend loans of between Rs 50,000 and Rs 10 lakh to small entrepreneurs. Action plans on realizing Vision 2020 can be gauged from the following:

Wind and Solar Energy: Dr. Kalam laid special emphasis on solar energy. Prime Minister Modi is equally keen on tapping solar energy. On April 1, 2015, India has set forth on ambitious journey, a mission to provide electricity to 18,452 un-electrified villages in a mere 1,000 days. Dr Harsh Vardhan, Minister for Science and Technology and Earth Sciences, outlined Government of India’s plans to pursue a green path to growth by

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doubling investment in clean energy research to US$ 145 million in the next five years from current investment of US$ 72 million.

◆ There has been a 157% increase in solar capacity since 2014 of 4,132 MW. Solar projects of capacity 20,904 MW were tendered in 2015-16 of which, projects of 11,209 MW have already been awarded.

32 Solar Parks of 19,400 MW capacity have been sanctioned in 20 states.

Defense and Make in India: Modi-Putin inked mega defense deals. Admiral Grigorowich class (Project 11,356 guided missile stealth frigates).

Under this deal, two vessels will be manufactured in India with

Russian collaboration. Secondly, the decision to produce 200 Kamov 236T helicopters domestically with the help of Russia is expected to benefit soldiers deployed in high altitudes. India has finally inked a EUR 7.87-billion direct deal with the French government to purchase new Rafale fighter jets. It is likely to bring major work to the Indian private sector in terms of offsets under the ‘Make in India’ initiative. Besides high-end tech like engine knowhow, major structural assembly and a chunk of avionics work may also happen in the country.

Railway modernization: Indian Railways is picking up speed, with co-operation from Japan to get its own Bullet Train. The National High Speed Corporation has commenced action for high-speed railway construction between Mumbai and Ahmedabad.

Indigenous seed Development: During his Red Fort speech on August 15, PM claimed, “Our scientists have developed more than 131 new variety of seeds suitable to India’s environment.

These will increase per hectare yield.”

Skilling India: With only 2.3 per cent of the total workforce in India having undergone formal skill training as compared to 68 per cent in the UK and 52 per cent in the US. Dilip Chenoy, the MD and CEO, National Skill Development Organisation, said NSDC has exceeded its target to train individuals and are on track to achieve their targets. They skilled about 3.3 million people last year and are planning to skill six million people this year. NSDC was formed to achieve the target of skilling and up-skilling 150 million people by 2022 by fostering private sector initiatives in the skill development space. Responding to this the Central government initiated:

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◆ Short Term Training imparted at PMKVY Training Centres (TCs) ◆ Individuals with prior learning experience or skills shall be assessed and certified under the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

◆ The Special Projects component of PMKVY envisages the

creation of a platform that will facilitate trainings in special

areas and/or premises of Government bodies, Corporates or Industry bodies, and trainings in special job roles not defined under the available Qualification Packs (QPs)/National Occupational Standards (NOSs)

◆ Kaushal and Rozgar Mela. Social and community mobilization.

PMKVY envisages to link the aptitude, aspiration, and knowledge of the skilled workforce it creates with employment opportunities and demands in the market.

Dream and Work To Dr. Kalam small aim is a crime as he wanted to work and sweat for a great vision. Look at the sky. We are not alone. “The whole universe is friendly to us and conspires only to give the best to those who dream and work,” he exhorted. It seems that the government has taken cue from Dr. Kalam’s quote and working towards it. Now it is the time of students and the youth to dream and work for Vision 2020 by working together with the government.

By Sam Arackal

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Success Story

UnderBridge

School A

t a time when education has become costly, a grocery shop owner in Delhi has a started ‘Free School: Under Bridge’ for slum children in Shakarpur area. The Metro pillars serve as the boundary of the school while trains roar past on the bridge as children solve elementary problems below.

A college dropout from Aligarh, Rajesh Kumar Sharma made Metro railway bridge pillars as his school to teach hundreds of kids who live in the hutments dotting the banks of the river Yamuna.

“But things have changed since Sharma – who runs a grocery store in the neighbourhood – found international limelight in 2011, when a flurry of newspapers worldwide splashed photos of his brainchild,” reports Hindustan Times.

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The school is no longer skeletal and children have painted behind the elevated platform used by teachers in lively colours. The place is cleaned regularly and well-wishers have contributed chairs and a toilet to be used by female students. The number of students has also grown – from 50-odd in 2010 to more than 200.

Sharma advices the students to attend the government school in the area to avail facilities. The Free School classes are staggered so that they can attend the classes before school hours.

The children of labourers, rickshaw-pullers, farmers, migrant workers and others also nurture big dreams. A case in point is Pintu Kumar, a teenager from the neighbourhood. He wishes to join the Indian Army but feels he can’t join the defence forces unless he passes the examination with flying colours.

“I rode a horse once and I think I can pass the physical tests. But for the written round, I need guidance and have to study,” Pintu told HT.

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Classes start at 9 am every day, beginning with a lesson or two in physical training, and continue till 12 noon, after which the boys’ shift starts at government schools. The girls’ shift, however, is in the morning and hence they can’t attend the Free School classes other than holidays.

Sharma feels that the children will become a generation lost due to poverty if they are not supported at right time.

He encourages students to enroll in the government-run schools so that they could get avail some benefits as he can only afford biscuits.

He is assisted by two persons - Laxmi Chandra and Shyam Mehto both from Bihar. Chandra, who teaches mathematics for high school students, is a son of daily-wage labourer in Nalanda district, Bihar. He holds science graduation from Bihar’s Magadh University while Shyam, a part-time teacher, teaches elementary mathematics.

“In Bihar, I have seen many young boys and girls get pulled into Naxalism, because they knew no other way to think about a better system. There was perhaps a lack in their education. Today, when I see Delhi’s poor children, I feel they must be guided and educated,” says Chandra.

“The children at this school are hard-working and intelligent. All they need is guidance and that we aim to provide.”

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Science

Genetics Dear children have you ever thought why you resemble your parents in most of the characters?

Do you believe there are some bits and pieces which makes you similar to your parents in most of the characters?

Is that all material is transferred from your parents? What if not.

Is all the material getting expressed in each and every generation and what are the consequences..?

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NA is the carrier material, transferred from your parents or ancestors which make you resemble them and the study of DNA and its heredity (transfer from one generation to another) is called “Genetics.”

DNA is a sequence of nucleotides* called genes. Genes carry the hereditary information from parents to children. The alternate form of a gene is called allele. The genetic makeup of an individual is called Genotype and the physical appearance is called Phenotype. The two or more individuals with different genotype may have same phenotype.

Let’s consider a cross between two plants with genotype TT and tt for tallness and dwarfness (short) are crossed respectively, a hybrid is produced with genotype Tt. When hybrids are self crossed one homozygous* tall (TT), two heterozygous* tall (Tt) and one homozygous dwarf* plants are produced.

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According to the classical genetics each gene is transferred to next generation in 3:1 genotypic and 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio. This pattern of inheritance of one character is called “Monohybrid cross”*.

In human beings there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. Out of these 22 are called autonomies* and the one is called all some* or sexchromosome. The females are with XX genotype and the males are with XY phenotype. Male gamete plays a major role in determining sex of the individual. ❶ When two individuals are mated there is possibility of 50% males and 50% females. ❷ The genes present on the X chromosome of male are transferred to his grandson through a carrier female. This pattern of inheritance of a character is called “crises-cross inheritance.”

Sex Determination in Humanbeings

All the genes or the genetic material is transferred to progeny by meiosis (educational division). In some cases during pachytene stage of meiosis-I, crossing over or charismata* formation takes place leading to the evolutionary consequences. These evolutionary consequences may be beneficial or harmful. In addition chromosomal aberrations*, gene aberrations* and mutations* play a major role in transfer of genetic material and show their effects. The environmental conditions play a major role in expression of the genetic material.

❸ Y-linked genes are transferred to male progeny only through males and are expressed even in presence of one dominant allele. ❹ In females the genes present on X chromosome are expressed only in homozygous condition where as heterozygotes are considered as carriers. ❺ In males the X linked genes are expressed in heterozygous condition.

X-Linked inheritance

Activity 1. What is the genetic material and what does it contain?

2. Draw the pattern for crises-cross inheritance?

3. What are the structures that play a major role in sex determination?

4. Draw the pattern for dihybrid cross? Can you derive a mathematical? formula for the gamete production and the different types of individuals produced?

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Handwriting

You Are What You Write W

e all are pretty aware that no two people can walk in similar way, eat in the same style and sit in the same way. Similarly, there are no two identical handwritings observed on this planet.

One’s handwriting is an externalization of vibrant activity going on inside your mind. So, you write the way you think.

In 17th century, a renowned psychologist Camilo Baldo after observing handwriting authored a book titled -- “How to judge a person based on handwriting sample.” Since then hundreds of his followers, other professional psychologists and medical professionals have continued to his work and the branch is named as “Graphology” By using this effective branch of Graphology, one can analyze both strength and weaknesses through study of written alphabets.

For instance: Y.Mallikarjuna Rao Director, National Handwriting Academy

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When dot is found very far from the stem of i, then the writer lacks concentration and denotes poor memory skills.

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It i is replaced with o, and if the circle is small in size, it shows creativity.

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And the dot circle is very big in size, it indicates laziness.

It i has a line on it. If it tends to tilt towards right, this writer is getting irritated by the people surrounding him.

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And if the stroke above the stem leans towards left, the writer shows irritation towards himself.

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There are cases where there is nothing above the stem (No dot on it)

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If ‘g’ is written like number ‘8’, the writer has organizational abilities and excels in administration.

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If the loop is bound in the stem of “t”, this writer is sensitive to criticism.

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When the letter ‘d’ is stopped on top, this writer likes adventures, music and variety.

If the‘t’ cross bar is found on right side of the stem, he is ill-tempered.

When the last letter ‘g’ or ‘y’ is not extended upwards this writer

constructing barriers between the present and the past. They waste valuable time on a bad incident happened in the past.

So, handwriting should also be legible and beautiful.

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Parenting

NURTURING YOUR CHILD’S SELF ESTEEM ‘Self-esteem’ is, to put it simply, what an individual thinks of himself or herself. Also known as ‘self-confidence’, self-esteem is a key determinant of how we feel about ourselves and the world. It drives our actions and choices and pretty much establishes how we live our lives. Think about that goal you’ve been longing to achieve but haven’t tried to so far. There’s something about that goal which is repulsive…or intimidating. The overt thought is -“I want this and don’t want it at the same time.” In several cases, the underlying thought is, “what if I am not able to achieve it?” This ‘what if?’ is so threatening that we choose to ‘camp’ and to stop pursuing that goal.

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Sadia Saeed Raval Inner Space

The lower self-esteem, the higher number of goals one is likely to give up. This leads to a vicious cycle. The more goals one gives up, the more he or she will tend to criticise or think poorly of himself/ herself…and the lower their self-esteem plummets.

The formative years of self-esteemare liked to childhood. As much as we keep emphasizing on childhood as the formation of one’s personality as a whole, the intention is not to overwhelm. It is to enhance awareness of those aspects which all of us know of but are not able to focus on. It is to help.

What can I do to nurture my child’s self esteem?

There are several things we as parents can do to raise confident and secure children. However, before we move on to interventions based on interaction with children, let us look into ourselves and understand our reactions to the child:-

POINTS FOR INTROSPECTION: Distinguish between the child’s successes/ failures and your own: As parents, it is a natural tendency to be concerned about child’s successes, failures and behavior.

However, think about this: – do you treat the child’s failures as his failure or your’s? Chances are that unwittingly, deep down, you consider

his successes and failures as a sign of your success/failure as a parent. If this happens to you, think on these lines – is it humanly possible to control each outcome for your child? Your child is an individual with a mind of his own. When you were younger, was

everything you did a result of your parent’s values/lessons/efforts?? Didn’t you do things that were against these principles despite their constant repetition not to do so? And more importantly, didn’t you have your own reasons for engaging in those behaviors? A child has his own needs and impulses that are separate from what you have ingrained in them.

Recognize this. Remember that the child is the owner of his actions and their consequences, not you. You are but facilitators – forces that can provide direction and encouragement to your child, NOT the owners of their behavior.

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So the next time your child bawls and throws a tantrum on the street, for example, or delays getting ready to go to school, REMEMBER that it does not necessarily indicate that you have failed to control him/ her. It indicates that he/she has some need that is being expressed in this manner, which we must look into. Children in most cases are aware of the negative outcomes of their actions. They know that mom and dad will be angered at their stubbornness or that the school authorities will take action if they are late/misbehave. What then is making them behave in such ways despite knowing this?? In order to delve into these reasons, it is a must for you to realize that your child is a separate personality who functions as per his own needs.

Know how you react to failure We unknowingly transfer our opinions and reactions onto our kids.

Does it hit you hard when your child scores low in math or is pulled up for talking in class? It is but natural to wish well for our children and guide them. However, do events such as these make you anxious, edgy and give you sleepless nights? If they do, chances are high that this anxiety is expressed as anger before the child. Pause and think. Children expect their parents to be angry at their failure, and this provokes intense anxiety in them. A few harsh words can stay in your child’s mind forever. Read this slowly and think about it – Nobody, however young, likes to fail. Most probably, your child is feeling dejected and angry at doing badly or being pulled up in class,

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irrespective of whether they express it or not. Recognize these feelings in your child and support him or her. Tell him/her you know it must be tough on them to undergo this and that you can think of a future course of action together.

Please remember to put your child’s feelings first. Find out his/ her reactions to failure before asking about their friends’ performances, why they did not study, why they left their papers incomplete or why they spent so much time playing. Remember, a parent who is alert and sensitive to the child’s feelings almost always raises secure and happy children.

THINGS TO REMEMBER WHILE DEALING WITH THE CHILD: ❶ Communicate to them that you love them no matter what A child is very sensitive to what parents feel about him or her. Remember to caress your child at the end of a bad day and tell him/her that you love him/her despite the fact that you scolded them bad earlier, punished them or complained about them to the neighbor. Affection when consistently

expressed has the power to heal the deepest of wounds. ❷ Avoid the words ‘good boy’/ ‘bad girl’ Many of us unwittingly say, “Aren’t you a good girl? Come on, put on your shoes!” or “Such a bad boy you are! Why did you fight with him?” These statements send out strong messages to the child.

The child interprets these messages like this – “I am not good if I don’t put my shoes on…I need to do this if to be good, therefore I am not good as I am.”

This runs through the child’s mind every time such a statement is made. Over a period of time, “I am not good as I am” is firmly integrated into the child’s mind, lowering his/her self esteem.

Lastly, remember that the ‘effectiveness of effective communication’ is dependent on one’s mindset. Therefore, focus first on adopting a healthy mindset towards your child on the basis of the ‘points for introspection’ mentioned above. Build your communication skills upon the firm foundation that the changed mindset offers you.

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Future of Airship Technology

World’s Largest Aircraft

Airlander 10

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he Airlander 10 – a combination of plane, airship, and helicopter - is longer than a football pitch at 92 metres long, and only slightly narrower at 44 meters wide. Built 26 meters high weighing 20 tons, the largest aircraft was powered by 1.3 million cubic feet of helium to reach 92 mph. Airlander 10 can carry ten ton payload with the staying capacity in air for five days. Airlander 10 is 62 feet longer than Airbus A380.

The Airlander 10 It was designed by British Aerospace company Hybrid Air Vehicles (HAV), initially for the US military to land on surfaces like water and ice. According to Chris Daniels, HAV’s head of partnerships, the aircraft had the technology to fly silently and producing no emissions – can be a major development in transport, heralding in a new generation of airships. The aircraft can be used for monitoring, search and rescue, cargo, aid distribution and even leisure and passenger roles. This is sure to give fillip to the logistic field.

Although the maiden voyage was successful, its second flight on August 24 did not go as smoothly. The Airlander 10 floated several feet off the ground while tethered at it hangar, in Cardington, Bedfordshire for its second flight. Unfortunately the largest aircraft nicknamed “The Flying Bum” because of its pert, round back – crashed as it landed at its base at Cardington Airfield on 24 September 2016. An eye witness said, “A line that was hanging down from the plane hit the telegraph pole about two fields away, nosedived and landed on the cockpit, smashing it up.”

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That does not mean that HAV has given up the idea to build and commercially use the largest aircraft. The largest airship is appealing to governments and businesses to deliver large amounts of cargo to remote locations. The price tag decided for the largest ship is £25 million.

The company hopes to build ten airships in a year by 2021.

Enthusiastic career aspirants in aeronautic field can think on innovative ideas to build a career in aircraft building and maintenance fields.

The Airlander 10 Can take off and land vertically.

No need for airport

Hull Helium filled.

Made of super-strong carbon-fibre

Flight deck Can carry 50 people Landing system Pneumatic tubes that can be “sucked in” during flight

Lift provided by helium, aerodynamics and engine thrust

Engines Four diesel 350hp turbocharged engines

Top speed 92mph and can spend up to three weeks in the air

Payload module maximum: 10,000kg

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Health & Nutrition

5 Foods That Will Not Cause Weight Gain Even If Overeaten

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pps have made our life easy. Without much physical effort, we can get the things done with touch of a button. The latest technology is helping us to save time and energy. However, the food experts fear that these changes would take toll of our health in the long run. The new lifestyle is leading to less physical activity, which in turn leads to weight gain. Now, the focus is on foods that help to prevent weight gain or lose weight, even if overeaten.

Mukta Agrawal Senior Nutritionist “INLIFE Healthcare”

Let’s discuss the five wonder foods that will not cause weight gain.

Olive oil: Olive oil is a great part of your regular food. It is true that you use olive oil to fry something. But the biggest mystery about olive oil is that it helps to lose your weight. The mystery is if you take olive-oil-rich food, then it helps to release adipo nectin hormone, that actually breaks down the fats, stored in your body.

Recent researches show a true fact that olive oil contains monounsaturated fat, which is considered as the good fat, and it ultimately reduces the risk of a heart problem. So olive oil is truly a gift of nature, which helps you to prevent weight gain.

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Peas and corn: It is a fact that green vegetables are full of so many nutrients. And vegetables are considered as good sources to keep your good health by reducing weight or preventing weight gain. Peas and corn are the two very important part of the vegetables that helps to prevent your weight gain. Remember, good food is always good and you can overeat them, but don’t exceed the permissible limit. So make peas and corn an important part of your daily diet, and keep your health in a good condition.

Egg: Here egg means the white part of the egg. Recent researches have proved one major fact that all fats are not bad, and consumption of good fats is good to prevent extra weight or helps to lose the extra weight in the body.

Egg-white mainly contains protein that means it is free of fat. This can be a great source of creating energy by burning calories. Also, the yolks contain a specific element, choline, which ultimately reduces the fat stored in the body. So ultimately reducing fat means reducing weight.

Remember, the human body gains weight if it stores extra fat. So burning fat means reducing weight. And egg white plays a great role in this field.

Nuts: Nuts truly a very common word in your regular life.

From a child to an old man everyone can eat nuts.

The best part of nuts is that it contains amino acids, which is great to burn the fat in the body. Almond is the best example of this. Almond is considered as the super food. One key point you need to remember is almond should be a part of your daily meal, and must consume it to maintain a good health.

Salmon: Yes, you will be surprised to learn that salmon is good for health and it helps to prevent weight gain in the body. Salmon contains protein, which is a great source of energy. Remember, protein helps to burn calories in the body and it ultimately creates a platform to reduce fat in your body. So if your body can’t store extra fat, then there is no question of gaining excess weight.

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Amazing Aquariums T

he craze for aquariums has its origins in the Victorian era when Philip Henry Gosse, created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853. He published the first manual, The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea in 1854.

Today, the public aquariums house sea creatures such as whale sharks and manta rays. Most aquariums have several tanks and the combined volume of water can be much larger but it is only the largest aquarium tank that is considered.

So here’s a list of the largest aquariums in the world.

Georgia Aquarium (6, 3 million gallons) The Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta is the largest aquarium in the world housing more than 100,000 sea creatures.

Funded mostly by a $250 million donation from Home Depot co-founder Bernie Marcus, the aquarium opened in November 2005. The Georgia Aquarium is the only institution outside of Asia to house whale sharks. The sharks are kept in a gigantic 24 million litre (6.3 million gallon) tank in the Ocean Voyager exhibit.

Dubai Mall Aquarium (2,64 million gallons) The Dubai Mall, one the world’s largest shopping malls in the world, is part of the 20-billion-dollar Burj Dubai complex in Dubai. The centerpiece of the mall is the gigantic aquarium tank, with the capacity to hold 10 million litres (2,64 million gallons) of water. The aquarium has more than 33,000 living animals including over 400 sharks and rays combined. It officially earned the Guinness World Record for the world’s “Largest Acrylic Panel”.

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Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium (1,98 million gallons) The Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium is located within the Ocean Expo Park in Japan and was opened in 2002. The main tank of the aquarium, called the Kuroshio Sea, holds 7,5 million litres (1,981,000 gallons) of water and features an acrylic glass panel measuring 8.2 by 22.5 metres (27 by 74 feet) with a thickness of 60 centimeters (24 inches), the largest such panel in the world when the aquarium was opened. Whale sharks and manta rays are kept alongside many other fish species in Kuroshio Sea.

L’Oceanografic (1,85 million gallons) L’Oceanografic is a marine complex where different marine habitats are represented. It is integrated inside a complex known as the City of Arts and Sciences inside the city of Valencia, Spain. The Oceanogràfic features the largest aquarium tank in Europe and houses more than 45,000 marine creatures. They populate nine under water towers, structured on two levels that represent several marine ecosystems. Two underwater towers are joined by a 35 metre underwater tunnel and it’s tank is filled with sharks, rays and 7 million litres (1,85 million gallon) of water.

Turkuazoo (1,32 million gallons) Opened in 2009, Turkuazoo is Turkey’s first giant aquarium featuring a rainforest, flooded forest and tropical seas zones.

The aquarium is located inside the Forum Istanbul Shopping Mall and contains a 80 metre long underwater tunnel.

Turkuazoo holds about 10,000 sea creatures including tiger sharks, giant stingrays and piranhas in 29 different exhibits where the largest holds 5 million litres (1,32 million gallons) of water.

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Awards

Param Vir Chakra

The Highest Military Honour in India

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uring the Second World War, Soviet rule Josef Stalin honored the war heroes with the title ‘Hero of Soviet Union. His counterpart Adolf Hitler conferred ‘German Order’ to honor heroes of the nation.

In India PVC or Param Vir Chakra is the highest military decoration awarded for extreme bravery or self sacrifice during conflict with enemies. Usually awarded posthumously, Param Veer means “Bravest of the Brave” in Sanskrit is the highest gallantry award in India. The PVC award carries a cash allowance for the rank of Second Lieutenant.

This medal is a symbol of Rishi Dadhich, who had donated his thigh bones to make Bhavani, Shivaji’s sword and Vajra as per the Hindu mythology.

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History On January 26, 1950, the Republic Day the President of the country w.e.f. 15th August, 1947. Incorporated PVC on Independence Day of the country. It aimed to award enlisted personnel or officers from the Indian military branches. Second highest award after Bharat Ratna by the Indian government, PVC is the replacement of British Victoria Cross.

The PVC is a medal designed by Mrs. Savitri Khanolankar, wife of an Indian Army officer. Major Somnath Sharma, her son-in law was the first recipient of PVC for his valor in Kashmir operations during 1947.

Sanjay Kumar, Yogendra Singh Yadav and Subedar Major Bana Singh stand apart as only serving personnel of the Indian defence establishment receiving this medal.

Medallion Details of Param Vir Chakra The medal was initially a circular bronze disc made in 1947 with a diameter of 1.375 inches where Param Vir Chakra written in English and Hindi. There is a straight swiveling bar suspending with the name written on the edge. A state emblem is seen in the center which is surrounded by four replicas of Vajra of God Indra. There are two legends on the rear separated by lotus flowers. There is a 32 mm purple ribbon holding the Param Vir Chakra.

Subedar Major Bana Singh belonging to the 8th Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry had been the only serving personnel having a Param Vir Chakra until the operations of Kargil. He had been a part of the Indian defence establishment there.

Dhan Singh Thapa, the retired Lieutenant Colonel of 1/8 GR, was the other awardee of PVC surviving till there were Kargil operations. He had received the Param Vir Chakra when he was holding the post of a Major.

When nationalist fervour is rising in India after India’s surgical strike against Pakistan, information on heroism will kindle nationalistic spirit among the youth especially the students, who may be tomorrow’s heroes.

In the later medallion, the Bhavani sword exhibited was withdrawn.

List of Award Winners in India Out of the 21 awardees, 20 belonged to the Indian Army and one from the Indian Air Force. Grandeurs got the maximum number of Param Vir Chakras having three awards received by the Gorkha Rifles with the premier Gorkha Rifles, 8th Gorkha Rifles as well as 11th Gorkha Rifles.

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World’s Largest Radio Telescope

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hina has put the finishing touches on the world’s biggest radio telescope, whose 1,650-foot-wide dish will scan the heavens for signs of intelligent alien life, among other tasks.

Technicians installed the last of the 4,450 panels that make up the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope’s (FAST) giant dish, China’s state-run Xinhua news agency reported.

Project team members will soon begin testing and debugging FAST, after which Chinese scientists will use it for “early-stage research,” Xinhua reported.

But the instrument will be available to researchers around the world when that phase is over — likely two to three years from now.

With a dish the size of 30 football fields, FAST is by far the largest single-aperture telescope in the world (though arrays that link up multiple radio

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dishes cover more ground). The previous record holder in the field is the 1,000-foot-wide (300 meters) Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico.

FAST was built in China’s Guizhou Province, more than 1,240 miles (2,000 kilometers) southwest of Beijing. The 1.2-billion-yuan ($180 million) facility should help scientists learn more about the universe’s early days, detect low-frequency gravitational waves and hunt for signals that may have been produced by distant alien civilizations, project officials said.

“As the world’s largest single-aperture telescope located at an extremely radio-quiet site, its scientific impact on astronomy will be extraordinary, and it will certainly revolutionize other areas of the natural sciences,” said FAST Project chief scientist Nan Rendong, according to Xinhua.

Moral story

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Being Magnanimous to One’s Own Hurt?

nce upon a time a ferocious tiger lived in a forest. Sadistic to the core, he found pleasure in killing animals and birds and loved watching their pain. Terror of this tiger warded off animals and other living creatures from coming near to his den and its surroundings.

Misfortunes had its way hitting the wicked. This happened in the case of tiger too when a small bone got stuck into his throat while crushing the rib of an animal. This caused immense pain to his throat. The more he tried to remove the stuck bone with his own effort, the more it stuck to its throat making him cry for help. Seeing that animals are wary of approaching him the tiger offered a reward as per the desire of the rescuer. But alas! Even then the animals are cautious enough to sense the wickedness of the tiger as they know once their utility is over the tiger will resort to its old ways. Peace prevailed in the forest as the terror of tiger ceased owing to its ill health.

All are not wise. There are foolish ones who devise their own hurt.

That is how some minds work as they won’t think about the outcome of their very act. A crane that was magnanimous by nature saw the pitiable condition of the tiger approached the tiger. The crane asked, “See you have a reputation of killing for pleasure and no one believes you. If you promise to spare my life, I can help you.”

The tiger questioned the crane with a cunning question, “How can I harm a generous friend who comes my rescue? I promise not to kill you, and want to reward you instead.”

Taken in by the cunning words of the tiger, the crane put inside its long neck and took out the bone on tiger’s throat with its sharp beak. Having accomplished its task, the crane hopefully sought for the reward from the tiger. But one who is wicked by nature cannot keep his promise or will not keep the promise.

The ungrateful tiger forgot his promise and threatened the crane with this question, “You fool, by sheer luck of your forefathers are saved from life, in fact I wanted to crush your head once you take out the bone from my mouth.” Sensing danger that tiger would change his mind to eat the crane, the crane flew high from the presence of the tiger. While perching in a tree, the crane remembered the ungratefulness of the tiger and repented about the foolish act of saving the tiger that will cause irreparable harm to the poor animals that were enjoying a free ride due to the ill health of the tiger.

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Career Awareness

Aspiring to become a Mobile App Developer?

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obile Application Developer better known as Mobile App Developer in common parlance is aprofessional who is apt in writing mobile application programmes. The usage of services like gaming,video calling, e–mail, music etc provide tremendous opportunities for mobile application developers in the country.

With the advancement of technology and invasion of mobile phones especially smart phones inall walks of life, there is a growing use of mobile apps such as Viber, WhatsApp etc.therebyincreasing the demand of Mobile App Developers in the coming times.

To handle this work efficiently,the aspiring Mobile App Developers require extensive experience andknowledge of more than one programming languages that can be obtained by getting formal qualification.

Eligibility 1. Educational Qualification A Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science or Engineer, or a related SoftwareDevelopment field.

Although acquiring certification is the best way to acquire enough knowledge to became a MobileApp Developer’s. But a formal Bachelor’s degree and above qualification can be a better bet to bea leader in the field.

2. Age Minimum age to work in any of the organized Mobile App Development sector is 18 years whereas maximum age can vary in the rage of 25 to 40 years depending upon the expertise in field.

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Skills Set ◆ They should be able to make use of colours; fast loading and operation of the application;activity indicators and general help and basic tips.

◆ They should be able to get hands on some commonly used programming languages like C,C++ and Java.

◆ Mobile App Developers should be able to get familiar with mobile platform Application I Programming Interfaces (API) like Apple iOS, Android, Windows Mobile and Symbian.

Step 2 After completion of graduation/ diploma, the aspiring candidates can work on projects to hone their skills. One can also build his own small application to increase his knowledge base before joining some big Mobile App Development enterprises.

How to become a Mobile App Developer?

Job Description

The aspiring candidate has to follow the below given steps:

Mobile App Developer’s job involves writing software and programmes for hand held devices based on platforms like Android, BlackBerry, iPhone, iOS etc. offered by various handset manufacturers.

Step1 After passing 10+2 with Mathematics and Physics as the main subjects the aspiring candidate have to apply for a degree or diploma course in computer science. Thecourses are offered by many private and Government institutions.

Besides this interested candidate in this field without any formal degree can go for some MobileApplication Development or Language Certifications courses and acquire knowledge in C, C++,and Objective C for writing applications as IOS or Java.

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Career Prospects Unprecedented expansion of Mobile Industry in general and Smart phone industry in particular, has widely increased the demand for Mobile App Developer in last couple of decades. Thus there is a good chance of getting a good job for those who have a degree in computer science or any of the related fields. Those who are certified professionals with work experience will also have a good chance in near future.

Skill/Trait Requirement To become a Mobile App Developer one should be creative and full on innovation. He should be tech savvy and have thoughtfulness with a sense of developing Apps that address human needs and desires.

Salary Mobile App Developer can expect at least Rs. 20,000 to start with.

However, Mobile AppDeveloper with good knowledge can expect a salary to the tune of Rs 40,000 to Rs50,000per month. With some experience and advanced certification these professionals can work in big organizations.

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History

Caves

Ajanta Ellora

In 1819, Jon Smith, who belonged to the 28th Cavalry accidentally chanced upon the horseshoe shaped rock while hunting a tiger in and around the Deccan Plateau region unraveling the mystery of the Ajanta and Ellora caves near Aurangabad. The rock hewn architecture of the shrines sculpted between 2nd century BC and the 8th century AD attract the caves as a world heritage site by the UNESCO.

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ome to paintings and sculptures depicting the heavy influence of Buddhist philosophy and religious teachings of the Buddha, Ajanta has 29 caves built as secluded retreats for Buddhist monks. The visitors can see incidents from the life of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, and the Jataka Tales on the walls of these caves.

All the paintings were made of mineral dyes.

The walls and ceilings of the caves also have paintings that depict the lives of kings, people, beautiful women, their jewellery, hairstyles, etc. The Buddhist monks narrated on Buddha’s incarnations with those marvelous murals.

All the carvings and architectural work was done between 2nd century BC and the 8th century AD.

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Shaped in the form of a horseshoe with the Wagura River forming a waterfall just above the caves, they are sculpted out of granite rock on the inner side of the Wagura River valley and are classified as Worship Halls (Chaitya Caves) and Monasteries (Vihara Caves).

This is time for art lovers and painters to learn on tempera technique on the paintings on the walls of Ajanta Caves. In tempera technique the painting is done on a dry surface after one cm thick layer coating of a mixture made of clay, cow dung and rice husk is plastered on the wall.

Colors used for the paintings are natural made from natural products.

What to see in Ajanta Aspiring visitors should not miss:

◆ Wall paintings of Bodhisattvas, Padmapani and Avalokiteshvara in cave one.

◆ Paintings that depict the life right from kings to slaves, women, men and children interwoven with flowers, plants, fruits, birds and beasts. Mythological depictions include the paintings of Yakshas, Kinneras (half human and half bird) Gandharvas (divine musicians) and Apsaras (heavenly dancers), the carvings of princesses, lovers, maids and dancing girls.

◆ Scenes depicting the Persian embassy, pink elephants, golden geese, and bull fights.

◆ The painting of flying Apsaras and the image of Buddha preaching in cave 17.

The Ellora Caves Located around 30 kilometers from Aurangabad, Ellora has 34 caves (out of which 12 are Buddhist, 17 Hindu and 5 Jain). The uniqueness of Ellora Caves lies in the combination of three styles of architecture at one place, 12 Buddhist, 5 Jain and 17 Brahmanical caves located side by side. While visiting don’t miss:

◆ The famed Kailasa Temple in cave 16 is the largest monolithic structure in the world was carved from the top and the sides and not from the base. Today’s sculptors will marvel at the gateway, pavilion, assembly hall, sanctum

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and tower carved out of a single rock. It was believed that the construction of the Kailasa temple spanned over one century.

◆ The main temple is flanked on either side by two free standing pillars believed to be the Trishul of Lord Shiva. The corridors of the temples studded with sculpted figures take you to Mahabharata and Ramayana tales.

◆ Have a glimpse of the Indrasabha temple that has twostoreys. Climb the steps that lead to the temple flanked by a huge Dhwajsthamba and an elephant’s statue.

◆ Tin Tala Buddhist cave is a three-storied building, built from a solid rock. The cave has handmade smooth floors and ceilings that will satiate the curiosity of art lovers.

Events and Festivals There are many events and festivals associated with Ajanta and Ellora that will take one to India’s cultural heritage.

◆ The Ellora Festival of Classical Dance and Music at the caves in the third week of March held every year.

◆ During the Paithan Fair held in March-April on the bank of the river Godavari to pay homage to Sant Eknath.

◆ Shivaji Jayanti held in May every year with colourful processions. ◆ Buddha Jayanti held in May with processions and colorful celebrations all over Aurangabad.

◆ Pola celebrated in August as a thanksgiving gesture from the farmer where they display their decorated cattle.

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Pride of India

Sardar VallabhbhaI Patel Date of Birth : October 31, 1875 Birth Place : Nadiad town, Gujarat Early Life spent in : Karamsad, Petlad and Nadiad.

Parents : Father Jhaverbhai, a farmer, and mother Laad Bai, a simple lady Wife : Jhaberaba, who passed away at a very early age Children : Daughter Maniben (Born in 1904); Son Dahyabhai (Born in 1905) Death: December 15, 1950

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allabhbhai Patel had played a major role in India’s struggle for independence and subsequently guided its integration into a united and independent nation. He was called the “Iron Man of India”, and was often addressed as “Sardar” which means “chief” or “leader” in several Indian languages.

Patel had a successful practice as a lawyer when he was first inspired by the work and philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi. Patel subsequently organised the peasants of Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in a non-violent civil disobedience movement against oppressive policies imposed by the British Raj; in this role, he became one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He rose to the leadership of the Indian National Congress and was at the forefront of rebellions and political events, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937, and promoting the Quit India movement.

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As the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, Patel organised relief for refugees in Punjab and Delhi, and led efforts to restore peace across the nation. Patel took charge of the task to forge a united India from the 565 semi-autonomous princely states and British-era colonial provinces. Using frank diplomacy backed with the option (and the use) of military action, Patel’s leadership enabled the accession of almost every princely state. Hailed as the Iron Man of India, he is also remembered as the “Patron Saint” of India’s civil servants for establishing modern all-India services. Patel was also one of the earliest proponents of property rights and free enterprise in the country.

The Champion of Good Governance His pivotal role in channeling India’s unity was but one of a multi-faceted leadership of SardarVallabhbhai Patel. Also crucial in building India in the post-independence years were his pursuit of practicing “Suraaj”, meaning good governance, which he practiced as first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister. Always rooting for unity, he was also instrumental in mobilizing the farmer community of India, as well as bringing together various castes and communities to join the freedom struggle.

Young Iron Man Much before his foray into the freedom struggle one can see the force of his iron will power in his passionate pursuit of law as a career. Gifted with an ingenious mind, Sardar always wanted to become a barrister. However, in those days, to realize this dream, one had to go to England. Having been born to a common farmer’s family, he had no financial means to join a college even in India, let alone travel to England.

However, such hindrances were never a deterrent for the young man of steel determination for he found a way to achieve his dreams. He taught himself. His first step was to borrow books from a lawyer friend and study from home, and for practical training he started attending court sessions to closely observe every argument being made. Needless to say, the young man passed with flying colours and started his practice in Godhra.

Another facet of his character and compassion is seen when later on he had the capacity to travel abroad, but allowed his elder brother Vitthalbhai, who too was a lawyer, to go to England for higher studies in Law first. Only after his brother’s return did he himself leave for England, where he stood first in the Barrister-at-Law examination.

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Struggle for Freedom Sardar Patel’s foray into the freedom struggle was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi, who he met during a meeting in Godhra. From then on they became friends and Patel started following Gandhiji’s activities, especially his success in the Champaran Satyagraha.

The defining moment for the Sardar came when in 1918; Kheda was inundated and devastated by floods. With their crops damaged, farmers asked for relief from the heavy taxes the British government had ensued but to no avail. Gandhiji joined in the fight but could devote his entire attention to Kheda’s struggle.

As he was looking for a person to take up the cause of the farmers in his absence, Sardar volunteered. As always he never did anything half-hearted, and his first step was giving up his well-paying legal practice and joining the non-cooperation movement by switching

over to Khadi clothes. The struggle was a resounding success with the British government agreeing to hold talks with Sardar, and later on agreeing to his terms of rolling back the tax rates. From then on, there was no looking back for this Son of the Soil.

Tryst with Ahmedabad Paving the way for a clean and planned administration for Ahmedabad, Sardar played a more administrative role in the city. Prior to joining the Freedom movement, he was elected the sanitation commissioner of Ahmedabad in 1917, while he was still had his legal practice.

In the later years, he was elected Ahmedabad’s Municipal President in 1922, 1924 and 1927, during which Ahmedabad saw the extension of electricity supply and some major educational reforms.

After the successful KhedaSatyagrah, in 1928, when BardoliTaluka in Gujarat suffered from major natural calamities, Sardar Patel took up cudgels on behalf of the farmers once again.

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In another resounding victory over the draconian British taxation rules, Sardar organized the farmers, told them not to pay a single paisa of tax, and fought the oppression till the British government bowed down. Another definite struggle was the Disobedience Movement in 1930, following which he was arrested. Later, he was released and was elected Congress president in the 1931 session in Karachi. In August 1942, the Indian National Congress launched the Quit India Movement, following which Sardar Patel along with many other freedom leaders was jailed for three years.

Building United India Soon after Independence, 565 princely states, some of which were ruled by Maharajas and others by Nawabs, started believing they would become independent rulers of their kingdoms as in the pre-British era. They argued that the government of free India should treat them as equals. It was Sardar Patel’s insight, wisdom and diplomacy that drove sense into the minds of the monarchs who agreed accession to the Indian Republic.

Statue of Unity The Gujarat government decided to erect the tallest statue in the world as a tribute to the “iron man of India” and to popularise his thoughts and ideology. The Statue of Unity would be would be built on a river island called Sadhu Bet near Vadodara.

This 182-metre statue is planned to be spread over 20,000 square metres of project area and surrounded by an artificial lake.The construction work commenced on October 31, 2014 and planned to be completed within 42 months.

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Country

SOUTH AFRICA Official Name: Republic of South Africa Form of Government: Republic President: Jacob Zuma Capitals: Pretoria (Administrative), Cape Town (Legislative), Bloemfontein (Judicial) Population: 48,375,645 Official Languages: Afrikans, English, IsiNdebele, IsiXhosa, IsiZulu, Northern Sotho, Sesotho, Setswana, SiSwati, Tshivenda, Xitsonga Money: Rand Area: 470,693 square miles (1,219,089 square kilometers) Major Mountain Ranges: Drakensberg President: Jacob Zuma

Major Rivers: Limpopo, Orange

Geography Most of South Africa’s landscape is made up of high, flat areas called plateaus. These lands are covered with rolling grasslands, called high yield, and tree-dotted plains called bushveld.

To the east, south, and west of the plateau lands is a mountainous region called the Great Escarpment. The eastern range, called the Drakensberg, or Dragon’s Mountain, is filled with jagged peaks, some more than 11,400 feet (3,475 meters) high.

Interestingly, South Africa has another country within its borders.

Nestled in the Drakensberg is the mountainous kingdom of Lesotho. Much of South Africa’s water comes from the snowcapped peaks of this tiny, landlocked nation.

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People & Culture People from different cultures make up South Africa, each with their own language and history. The country has 11 official languages and many more unofficial ones. This colourful mix of cultures gives South Africa its nickname “Rainbow Nation.”

South Africans are passionate about music, often using song and dance to express social and political ideas. They’re also known worldwide for their skill in sports, including rugby, cricket, golf, and soccer.

In 2010, South Africa became the first African nation to host the World Cup.

Food: South Africans enjoy not only beef, but mutton, goat, chicken and other meats as a centerpiece of a meal. On weekends, many families have a “braai,” and the meal usually consists of “pap and vleis”, which is maize meal and grilled meat.

Nevertheless, many of South Africa’s animals are hurt by illegal hunting and loss of habitat, and dozens of species are in danger of extinction, including the black rhinoceros, the cheetah, and the African wild dog.

Independence: Gained independence on 31 May 1910 from UK, - South Africa became a republic in 1961 following an October 1960 referendum.

National Symbols:

South Africa has been a democratic republic since holding its first truly open election on April 27, 1994. Natural resources, agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing have made South Africa the largest economy on the continent. But problems with unemployment, poverty, and AIDS present huge challenges for the government.

Animal - Springbok Bird - Blue Crane Fish - Galjoen Tree - Real yellowwood Flower - Protea Motto - Unity in Diversity Other symbols - Coat of arms

Nature

Flag: Adopted on April 27,

Government & Economy

From aardvarks to zebras, South Africa is full of wildlife. The country takes up only about one percent of Earth’s land surface, but is home to almost 10 percent of the world’s known bird, fish, and plant species and about 6 percent of its mammaland reptile species.

The seas around South Africa are also crowded with wildlife. About 2,000 marine species visit South African waters at some point during the year. There’s also a world-famous sardine run off the east coast each June that draws thousands of hungry sharks, dolphins, and birds.

1994, the flag of South Africa was designed to symbolize unity. The red, white and blue colors were taken from the colors of the Boer Republics. The yellow, black and green are taken from the African National Congress (ANC) flag.

South Africa works to preserve its wildlife with dozens of protected land and marine areas, including the famous Kruger National Park in the north, as well as nearly 9,000 privately-owned game reserves throughout the country.

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Tourist Attractions in South Africa Kruger National

Park

The Kruger Natio nal Park is the la rgest game reserves on the continent and on e the main tourist attractions in South Africa. Th e park boasts more spec ies of mammals th an any other African ga me reserve which includes the Big Five, chee tahs, giraffes and more.

Unlike most othe r safari parks, Kr ug er is a self-drive destin ation with an exce llent infrastructure and m any places to st ay inside the park, from tented camps to luxury lodges.

red Waterfront Victoria and Alf urist Town’s largest to As one of Cape inations, most visited dest attractions and nt invokes Alfred Waterfro the Victoria and e harbor. rliest days of th images of the ea t mecca filled an entertainmen Situated within pubs, and specialty shops, s, nt ra au st re ith w eryone ething here for ev m so is e er th , rs theate ere are amusements, th to enjoy. Beyond the infamous ctions including tra at e m so so al , the South avonnes Battery Clock Tower, Ch e coastal Museum and th African Maritime als reside. here Cape Fur Se Seal Landing w

Facts about South Africa ■ South Africa is located at the southern tip of Africa.

■ South Africa has three capital cities, Cape Town, Bloemfontein and Pretoria.

■ South Africa has 11 official languages, including Zulu, Afrikaans, Xhosa and English.

■ South Africa has the world’s most luxurious train, the Rovos Rail.

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Sun City Resort

m of Pleasure, Africa’s Kingdo as ly al on gi re Known rt, situated casino and reso ry xu lu a is rt so The Sun City Re Johannesburg. s’ drive from ur ho o tw t ip ou ab pionsh golf hotels, two cham ur fo ns ai nt co ore than complex ral village and m ltu cu a , os sin ca nt courses, two ary. The adjace within a sanctu s ile od oc cr bl 7,000 pular pu ic rve is the most po se Re e m Ga g er Pilanesb South Africa.

Game Reserve in

Cape Town

Located on the southwest tip of South Africa’s W Cape Province, estern Cape Town is th e most popular destination in th tourist e country. The m etropolis enjoys Mediterranean cl a mild, imate, a well-dev eloped infrastru and a spectacu ct ure lar natural setting . Cape Town’s ce is located in a re nt er latively small ar ea between Tabl Mountain and Ta e ble Bay. The city also serves as a base for explorin ho me g nearby attract ions, including th region’s many di e verse beaches as well as the rolling hills and valleys of th e Winelands.

Addo Elephant National Park ion of South Africa, Located in the Eastern Cape reg k is one of the the Addo Elephant National Par is famous for its k country’s larger parks. The Par special, brownish elephant population that has a ongst the elephants skin color due to the red soil. Am lopes and warthogs other animals, like ostriches, ante expansion, a group can be seen. As part of the park’s hyenas have been of lions and a group of spotted introduced to the park in 2004.

■ South African has the highest commercial bungee jumping bridge in the world at Bloukrans.

■ There are more than 1 000 dedicated tobacco producers in South Africa.

■ The first human heart transplant was performed in a Cape Town hospital in 1967.

■ The most popular sports in South Africa are football (soccer), rugby and cricket.

■ In 2010 South Africa hosted the FIFA World Cup.

Pretoria

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Sports

Badminton Badminton is a sport that has been around since the 16th century. The sport is played indoors and the pinnacle comes from its Olympic events. The sport is very popular in Asian countries such as China and India with these countries leading the way by producing some of the world’s best players.

Object of the Game The object of badminton is to hit the shuttlecock over the net and have it land in the designated court areas. If your opponent manages to return the shuttlecock then a rally occurs. If you win this rally i.e. force your opponent to hit the shuttlecock out or into the net then you win a point.

You are required to win 21 points to win a set with most matches being best of 3 sets. Points can be won on either serve.

Players & Equipment There are two forms of badminton, singles and doubles (it’s also possible to play mixed doubles). Each player is allowed to use a stringed racket (similar to a tennis racket but with the head being smaller) and a shuttlecock. The shuttlecock is made up of half round ball at the bottom and a feather like material surrounding the top. You can only really hit the bottom of the shuttlecock and as gravity comes into play will always revert the ball side facing down. You may only hit the shuttlecock once before it either hits the ground or goes over the net.

The court measures 6.1m wide and 13.4m long. Across the middle of the rectangular court is a net which runs at 1.55m. Running along each side of the court are two tram lines. The inside

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lines are used as the parameter for singles match whilst the outside line is used for a doubles match.

Scoring A point is scored when you successfully hit the shuttlecock over the net and land it in your opponent’s court before they hit it. A point can also be gained when your opponent hits the shuttlecock into either the net or outside the parameters.

Winning the Game To win a game you must reach 21 points before your opponent. If you do so then you will have won that set. If the scores are tied at 20-20 then it comes down to whichever player manages to get two clear points ahead. If the points are still tied at 29-29 then the next point will decide the winner of the set. Winning the overall game will require you to win 2 out of the 3 sets played.

Rules of Badminton ◆ A game can take place with either two (singles) or four (doubles)

◆ Each game is umpired by a referee on a high chair who overlooks the game. There are also line judges who monitor if the shuttlecock lands in or not.

The referee has overriding calls on infringements and faults.

◆ The game has only two rest periods coming the form of a 90 second rest after the first game and a 5 minute rest period after the second game.

◆ If the laws are continuously broken by a player then the referee holds the power to dock that player of points with persisting fouls receiving a forfeit of the set or even the match.

players.

◆ An official match has to be played indoors on the proper court dimensions. The dimensions are 6.1m by 13.4m, The net is situated through the middle of the court and is set at 1.55m.

◆ To score a point the shuttlecock must hit within the parameters of the opponents court.

◆ If the shuttlecock hits the net or lands out then a point is awarded to your opponent.

◆ Players must serve diagonally across the net to their opponent.

As points are won then serving stations move from one side to the other. There are no second serves so if your first serve goes out then your opponent wins the point.

◆ A serve must be hit underarm and below the servers waist. No overarm serves are allowed.

◆ Each game will start with a toss to determine which player will serve first and which side of the court the opponent would like to start from.

◆ Once the shuttlecock is ‘live’ then a player may move around the court as they wish. They are permitted to hit the shuttlecock from out of the playing area.

◆ If a player touches the net with any part of their body or racket then it is deemed a fault and their opponent receives the point.

◆ A fault is also called if a player deliberately distracts their opponent, the shuttlecock is caught in the racket then flung, the shuttlecock is hit twice or if the player continues to infract with the laws of badminton.

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l o CInvoentions

Robot Vacuum Cleaner

s n o i t ven

In

F

rom water filters to drones to electric bicycles, Xiaomi isn’t shy about plunging its fingers in every pie. Its new Mi Robot Vacuum is the latest example of how the Chinese phone maker plans to take over homes and make them smarter -- for less than its competitors.

Looking very much like a Roomba, the round robot vacuum boasts 12 sensors. Its laser distance sensor scans its surroundings 1,800 times per second, then maps out your home to clean it efficiently.

Key specs

◆ 12 sensors, including ultrasonic radar, cliff sensor, gyroscope and accelerometer

◆ Three processors for real-time mapping and positioning ◆ Main brush with adjustable height for uneven surfaces ◆ 5,200 mAh battery Made by Xiaomi’s ecosystem partner Rockrobo, it features a Nidec brushless DC motor and claims to be ultra quiet. Its 5,200 mAh battery promises 2.5 hours of cleaning.

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s s e s d n r n o i Guorld Rec w

youngest female with full beard

H

arnaam Kaur, who has entered the Guinness Book of Records as the youngest female with a full beard, is delighted with the title and says it is ”absolutely humbling” to be included in the 2017 edition.

Based in Slough, Berkshire, Kaur’s inclusion in the Guinness Book was announced on September 7 by the organisers along with other new records.

Kaur, who has been in the news in the British media in recent years, has polycystic ovary syndrome. This causes her body to produce more male hormones, which can trigger the growth of excess body hair. She says she has been the subject of bullying due to the condition.

But the condition has not dampened her spirits - she has appeared as a catwalk model and body image activist and campaigns against bullying.

Guinness World Records said: “Now with a beard measuring as long as six inches in places, she overcame years of bullying to take ownership of her appearance and achieve this record title at the age of 24 years 282 days.

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Brain Gym 1. Friends ! can you tell what is common in all these six persons?

2. Spokes

3. Scrabble

CLUE 1. To strike, thrust or shove against.

2. A public act of violence by an unruly mob.

3. Run at a moderately swift pace.

4. Prevent from happening.

5. The lower part of anything.

6. Yielding readily to pressure or weight.

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Previous Brain Gym Answers 1. All films are directed by Karan johar.

2.

3. 1.RANK, 2.PARK, 3.KNAP, 4.RAN, 5.PAN, 6.PAR, 7.RAP and 8.AN. 4. Pattern Number 2.

5. 1.Cloud patch is missing. 2.Less leaves on the tree. 3.Smaller moustache of the man. 4.One of his hands are missing. 5.Stone piece is missing. 6.One eye of the dog is closed. 7.One of his legs is missing.

8.Symbol of the whistle is the same.

5. Find Eight Differences in Both the Pictures.

4. Looking at the change of patterns, tell, what comes in Blank - Change to ‘Guess the next pattern...’

Current Affairs Tirupati airport awarded Best Tourist Friendly Airport

Tirupati airport was awarded as “Best Tourist Friendly Airport” under the category for “State Annual Excellence Awards (201516)” by Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department. The award was presented by AP Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu at Bhawani Islands on the eve of World Tourism Day.

First baby to share DNA of three people

Telugu writer Prof Kalakaluri Enoch conferred 29th Moortidevi Award

Prof Enoch’s novel - Ananta Jeevanam portrays the struggle of a weak, downtrodden and common man from Rayalseema in the face of a cyclone. The award was presented by well-known historian Dr Kapila Vatsyayan on September 29.

R Subramania Kumar appointed ED of Indian Overseas Bank

The Centre appointed R Subramania Kumar, Executive Director, Indian Bank as Executive Director, Indian Overseas Bank. • The IOB has about 3700 domestic branches and branches in Singapore, Hong Kong, Colombo, Seoul, and Bangkok.

ISRO signs MoU with Telangana government As per the MoU, the ISRO’s Development & Educational Communication Unit (DECU) will work with the State government to disseminate educational content using satellite technology.

NASA spots water plumes erupting on Jupiter’s moon The baby was born using the new and controversial technology, called mitochondrial donation, which incorporates DNA from three persons. The five-monthold boy has the usual DNA from his parents, and a small amount of genetic code from a donor.

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Using ultraviolet images taken by Hubble, a space telescope that was launched in 1990, the potential plumes were seen around the southern edge of Europa and appear as dark fingers or patches of possible absorption.

92 percent of population breathing unhealthy air: WHO

US appoints first Cuban Ambassador The United States appointed its first Ambassador Jeffrey DeLaurentis to Cuba in 55 years recently.

The two countries broke off relations in 1961 after the communist revolution.

Jim Yong Kim reappointed WB presidentpointed WB Maria Neira, head of the WHO’s department of public health and environment, termed the report as a public health emergency and urged governments to take up measures like cutting the number of vehicles on the road and improving waste management.

ISRO launches eight satellites in two different orbits

The World Bank reappointed Jim Yong Kim to a five-year term as President of the multilateral development lender after the nomination period closed without any challengers coming forward. Jim, an American citizen, was unanimously chosen by the bank’s executive directors for a term that begins on July 1, 2017.

World’s largest solar power plant opens in TN

The satellites that were carried into space included the primary payload SCATSAT-1 of India, and seven other customer payloads (five foreign and two domestic).

The Kamuthi Solar Power Plant was set up with an investment of around Rs 4,550 crore at Kamuthi in Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu.

China unveils biggest radio telescope

China switched on the world’s largest radio telescope on September 25, officially launching its mission to hunt for extraterrestrial life and explore space. The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) is located in a mountainous region of Guizhou province.

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Visaranai is India’s official entry for 2017 Oscar At the 63rd National Film Awards, the Tamil film had won three National awards viz.

Best Supporting Actor, Best Feature Film in Tamil and Best Editing.

India, France inks deal for 36 Rafale fighter jets India and France on September 23 inked the 7.8-billion Euro deal for 36 Rafale fighter jets. As per the deal, the aircraft will be equipped with latest missiles and weapon system like Meteor and Scalp.

Anjum Chopra becomes first Indian woman to be honoured with MCC life membership

Anjum Chopra is presented with the honour along with former men’s team stalwarts Zaheer Khan and Virender Sehwag.

With this, she became the first Indian woman cricketer to get the prestigious life membership of MCC.

Sports News

Ajinkya Rahane, Rohit Sharma conferred with Arjuna Awards

Official Emblem launched for FIFA U-17 World Cup India 2017 Shaped like the FIFA U-17 World Cup trophy, the emblem combines the global look of the beautiful game with a quintessentially Indian feel.

Cricketers Sharma and Rahane could not earlier receive the Arjuna Awards from the President of India, as they were participating in international tournaments. The awardees are given a statuette, a certificate, ceremonial dress and prize money of Rs 5 lakh.

Indian women’s Kabaddi team wins gold in Asian Beach Games In the summit clash played at Bien Dong Park in Danang, Vietnam, the Indian team defeated Thailand 41-31. This was fifth gold in succession for the Indian team.

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Sports News Sathiyan Gnanasekaran wins Belgium Open title

With this, Gnanasekaran became the second Indian table tennis player to win an ITTF event.

Achanta Sharath Kamal is the first Indian to win an ITTF event in 2012.

Velavan Senthilkumar wins U-19 Asian Junior Individual squash titler

India’s Velavan Senthilkumar on September 24 bagged the Under-19 Asian Junior Individual squash championship title. In the final clash played in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, he defeated Jordan’s Mohammad Al-Sarraj 12-14, 9-11, 11-6, 11-8, 11-7.

R Ashwin becomes fastest Indian to take 200 Test

East Bengal wins Calcutta Football League 2016

Mariyappan Thangavelu wins first Gold medal at Rio Paralympic Games

Ashwin reached the milestone in 37 matches, just one behind Aussie Clarrie Grimmett, who holds the record of taking 200 wickets in 36 Tests.

Calcutta Football League is the football league system where several football clubs of Kolkata participate. It currently consists of seven-tier pyramid system.

Sushmita Rai wins Bronze at World Martial Arts Masterships With this, Thangavelu who won the gold with a leap of 1.89 meters also became the first Indian high-jumper to win gold at the Paralympics.

The competition is considered an Olympics for martial arts with 2,073 participants from 87 countries. It was the first comprehensive martial arts competition where national teams from across the globe took part. | IGNITING MINDS ◆

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My creative eye sees a small cute girl who wants to become grow faster as she wants to buy much chocolate and eat them all. Her eyes show that she is front of chocolate and just staring at it in a supermarket. The position of her hands shows that she want to grab every chocolate in the world by not leaving anything for anyone in the world. She even brought a bag to fill the chocolate.

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APJ Abdul Aalam Quotes # Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success. # Look at the sky. We are not alone. The whole universe is friendly to us and conspires only to give the best to those who dream and work. # You have to dream before your dreams can come true. # We should not give up and we should not allow the problem to defeat us.

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