June ignitingminds 2016

IGNITING MINDS ` 125/-

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Volume.01 | Issue.08 | June 2016

Monthly Educational Magazine

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RNI No: TELENG/2015/65077

“Inspired by a great soul Dr. APJ ABDUL KALAM”

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# ON THE SUMMIT POORNA MALAVATH

# BATTLE AGAINST NEGATIVE THOUGHTS

# ASPIRING TO BECOME AN IFS OFFICER?

Unlocking SecretsYoga of

Editor Nagasri Nampally +91 8885053541

Consultant Editor Venu K.Kodimela

Director Vamshikrishna Parlapally +91 9160777888

Design Team Dharmendher.B +91 9700104157 Sarath Chandra Y V +91 9989636399

Advisors Priya Iyengar Dr Y. Naveen Kumar

Office Address:

Dear readers Mens sana in corpore sano. In Latin, it means a sound mind in a sound body. Over the centuries our ancestors have been practising yoga realising the importance of a healthy mind in a healthy body.

As the new academic year commences, scores of students, around the world would join the International Yoga Day on June 21. It is widely accepted that yoga is an excellent form of mental and physical exercise, which helps children and adolescents to face challenges and lead a healthy life.

Students should bear in mind that regular practice helps them improve their health, tone their body and control their thoughts, which ultimately enable them to excel in academic and other extra-curricular activities.

Considering its importance and also coinciding with International Yoga Day, this issue focuses on Yoga and how it helped young achievers in scaling heights.

We would like to remind you that we are just a click away on your smart phone or personal computer with Igniting Minds app on Android. Apart from this you can also be in touch with us on social media – facebook/ignitingmindsmagazine. Do give us your feedback and suggestions.

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Happy reading, Igniting Minds team

Feedback or Queries: +91 8885053541

Printed, Published & Owned by Nampally Nagasri Printed at Bandla Print Solutions, Plot .No. A - 22/1, Road No. 14, I.P, Nacharam, Hyderabad - 500076

08 Cover Story 08

Yoga Prime Minister Narendra Modi asked the world leaders to adopt International Yoga Day, ....

16 Life Skills

The Battle of Negative Thoughts In my life, I have always been battling negative thoughts......

20 Motivational Story Tames Everest Poorna Malavath may look fragile but she has nerves of steel. At 13, .......

Contents 16

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24 Handwriting Slant Right, to Write Right Cursive handwriting, after perfect letters and connections implement,....

26 Parenting Allure of Nuclear Families We often come across parents from nuclear families struggling ....

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28 Health & Nutrition Amazing Home Remedies Digestive Disorders One of the most common health disorders affecting almost every individual is indigestion.......

30 Awards 32

Dadasaheb Phalke Award To honour the Father of Indian Cinema,......

32 Career Awareness How to become an IFS officer?

The Indian Forest Service is one of the three All India Services,,......

36 History

36 40

The History of Electricity Electricity through the years go backs in time and meet a few......

39 Science ABC of Electricity Electricity is a type of energy that was discovered over 100 years ago.......

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40 Pride of India Alluri Sita Rama Raju

46 Sports (Rugby)

42 Country (Saudi Arabia) 48 Cool Inventions & Guinness World Records 50 Moral story (Mother’s Hand) 52 Current Affairs 56 Brain Gym

Alluri Sita Rama Raju was an Indian revolutionary involved.......

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Events Calendar (July) *Tell An Old Joke Day, *Drive-Thru Day.

Sunday

*International Plastic *Don’t Stop on A Bee Day, Bag Free Day, *Teddy Bear Picnic Day. *System Administrator Appreciation Day

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Monday

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* Disobedience Day

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*World Sports Journalists Day

*International Justice Day

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*International Nelson Mandela Day

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*World Population Day

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*Aunt and Uncle Day, *Parents’ Day, *One Voice Day.

Tuesday

*Different Colored Eyes Day, *Etch A Sketch Day. *Dree Festival

Wednesday

*International Town Criers Day, *French Fries Day.

*Take Your Webmaster To Lunch Day , *Fried Chicken Day

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06 Thursday

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12

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*Thread the Needle Day

*Burmese Martyrs’ Day

*Space Exploration Day, *Moon Day, *World Jump Day.

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*Walk on stilts Day, *Take Your Houseplant For A Walk Day,

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*Tell The Truth Day, *Global Forgiveness Day, *Chocolate Day.

*Cow Appreciation Day

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*Junk Food Day

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*World Hepatitis Day

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Friday

*Pet Fire Safety Day,

Saturday

*National Doctor’s Day 01 – India 08

*Pet Fire Safety Day

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*World Tiger Day

*Hammock Day

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*Paperback Book Day, *Father-in-Law Day.

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*Scud Day

*World Sports *Sugar Cookie Day Journalists Day 09

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*Corn Fritters Day

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*Gorgeous Grandma Day

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Birthday Calendar (July) *S.V. Ranga Rao (Actor), *Harbhajan Singh (Cricketer)

*Pannalal Ghosh

31(Film Score Composer)

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10

*Alluri Sitarama Raju ( 1897-1924) 04

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*Balakumaran (Writer)

*EB White (Children’s books author)

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*Margaret Murray (Anthropologist)

(Carnatic Music Exponent),

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07

*Mahendra Singh Dhoni (Cricketer)

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*Bharathiraja (Film Director) 24

*Nelson Mandela Day

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*Malala Yousafzai (Activist) 12

*M.Balamurali Krishna

*Dalai Lama (Spiritual leader)

*Sunil Gavaskar (Cricketer)

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(Anti-Apartheid Activist)

*Mangal Pandey (Soldier)

*Naseeruddin Shah (Actor),

*Roddam Narasimha

(Scientist 1933)

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*Gopal Hari Deshmukh

14 (Freedom Fighter)

*K. T. Rama Rao (Politician 1976)

*Somnath Chatterjee (Politician), *Rosalind Franklin, (Scientist 1920).

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*Carl E. Taylor

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*Vishwa Mohan Bhatt (Instrumentalist), *Hans Fischer, (Scientist 1881).

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*Krishna Vamsi (Film director), *Albert Ladenberg, ( Scientist 1842).

*Mallikarjun Kharge (Politician), *John H. Northrop, (Scientist1891)

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*Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, (Politician)

*Venkaiah Naidu *Kadiyam Srihari (Politician), (Deputy Chief Minister-TG) *Hariprasad Chaurasia *Sourav Ganguly (Classical Flautist) (Cricketer)

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08

*Pet Fire Safety Day,

*D.V. Narasa Raju (Writer) 15

*Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar (Mathematician)

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*C. Narayanareddy (Writer) 29 *Arnold Schwarzenegger (Ex-Governor of California),

*Imelda Marcos (First

02 Lady and Politican) 09

*K. Balachander (Film Director)

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*Dhanraj Pillay (Hockey player)

*Bal Gangadhar Tilak

*Sonu Nigam (Singar)

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Cover Story

NOURISH BODY, MIND & SOUL D

ecember 11, 2014, is a red letter day for Yoga practitioners and enthusiasts around the world. It was on this day, the United Nations proclaimed June 21 as the International Day of Yoga after it was endorsed by a record 175 member states.

The proposal was first introduced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his address during the opening of the 69th session of the General Assembly, in which he said: “Yoga is an invaluable gift from our ancient tradition. Yoga embodies unity of mind and body, thought and action ... a holistic approach [that] is valuable to our health and our well-being.

Yoga is not just about exercise; it is a way to discover the sense of oneness with yourself, the world and the nature.”

The History Yoga is an ancient physical, mental and spiritual practice that originated in India. The word ‘yoga’ is derived from Sanskrit and means ‘to join’ or ‘to unite’, symbolizing the union of body and consciousness.

Although Yoga is said to be as old as Indian civilization, there is no physical evidence to support this claim. Earliest archaeological evidence of Yoga’s existence could be found in stone seals which depict figures of Yoga asanas. The stone seals place Yoga’s existence around 3000 BC. Here are few suggestions for beginners that will help them to nourish the joys of yoga for a lifetime.

Beginner’s Tips The best introduction for beginners is to follow journals, which explain various postures with help of illustrations. They explain the benefits of Yaga Asanas to body and mind. Note down your observations in a book.

Define your practice The practice routine depends on you. Take out time for practice and maintain a balance between meditation and Yoga Asanas.

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Invest on a mat Pick up a mat for a firm footing while performing exercises.

Postures and relaxation These days most yoga classes heavily emphasize asana practice.

Some teachers may not include relaxation or meditation in the class routine at all. But don’t neglect them. You need to relax; it will help you feel better; and once you have begun to relax or meditate regularly, the experience will transform you.

Build library of books, CDs You can practice different postures with the help of books and CDs. One gets know different styles of yoga as well as with different levels of practice.

Learn Sanskrit Sanskrit is associated with Yoga. Once you learn the basics of pronunciation -- most Sanskrit syllables begin with a consonant (or two) and end with a vowel. All Sanskrit letters have a fixed pronunciation unlike English c’s, g’s, a’s, and so on.

Breathing breaks Breathing is a powerful tool for managing stress. And while a few moments of breath awareness can definitely short-circuit a fit of anger or a moment of anxiety, you might consider extending your breathing breaks and using them on a more regular basis every day.

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Mastering Asanas In the midst of a posture or relaxation exercise it’s easy to feel you should be doing something. And certainly it’s important to make the effort to master a practice. But trying too hard can get in the way just as much as not giving enough effort. So a good question to ask in the middle of any practice is, “Am I letting the posture (breathing exercise, meditation) do its work?” Try it the next time you practice the relaxation posture, shavasana. Let the posture do its work.

The 13 Obstacles The path of yoga can be long and hard, filled with obstacles, pitfalls, and detours. Luckily, yogic philosophy provides a assistance programme to aid you when you are stuck. The yogis, who have traveled the path before us have left us a troubleshooting guide called the 13 obstacles of yoga. The nine main obstacles of yoga are:

1. Vyadhi Illness, disease, physical or mental. It is difficult to do yoga if you are physically sick. Thus it is important to lead a healthy lifestyle for the prevention of illness and promotion of optimal health.

2. Styana Apathy, disinclination towards performing ones kartavya or duty. By procrastinating, we avoid our practice and create excuses for not being on the path and doing the work.

3. Sanshaya Doubting ones capability or the outcomes of yoga practice. We can only come to know Reality, declares the Brihad-Âranyaka-Upanishad (4.4.23), when we are free from doubt. It is important to cultivate faith in oneself as well as the yogic path.

4. Pramada Heedlessness, carelessness, a lack of persistence.

Yoga is both a science and art and approaching it without skill, care, respect and devotion will create erratic and possible negative results.

5. Alasya Inertia of mind or body due to dominance of the tamasic element. Yoga requires discipline, zeal and

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tapas (will power) to succeed on its path. Laziness will prevent you from attaining your highest potential.

6. Avirati Over indulgence, attachment to pleasures in life. We must learn to “let go” of our attachments to desire and physical objects if we are to make progress in yoga.

7. Bhrantidarshan False vision, a premature sense of certainty. The development of a false notion about the practice of yoga and its outcome can not only lead one off the path of yoga, but also create harm and disappointment.

8. Alabdha – bhumikatva Non-attainment of the next yogic stage or accomplishment.

This happens due to faulty or poor practice and creates a feeling of being “stuck” and leads to discouragement.

9. Anawasthitatwa Instability, non-permanence of a yogic accomplishment or stage. Not able to maintain an attained stage can

be a real drag. This again can be a result of faulty or poor practice.

When any of these primary obstacles are encountered, four minor obstacles may appear according to the circumstances:

1. Duhkha

ourselves to become entangled and bogged down in them. By focusing all of your attention on a single object, the obstacles dissolve and begin to lose their importance and power.

Pain or sorrow

Shat Kriyas

2. Daurmanasya

Although we find many cleansing practices beyond the big six in hatha yoga texts, the following is an introduction to the main kriyas and an explanation of the techniques of each practice that may be useful for contemporary students of yoga.

Depression, pain caused by non-fulfillment of desires.

3. Angamejayatwa The shivering of parts of the body.

4. Shvasa–prashvas Disturbances in kumbhaka or breath retention causing the irregular breathing pattern that comes with mental agitation.

You will need to be able to remove all these obstacles at will to be successful in yoga. They may appear at any time, and if not conquered during their first appearance, they are most likely to return until you learn how to overcome them.

The key to the removal of any and all of the above obstacles is the cultivation of the one-wontedness of mind. These obstacles will naturally pass with time unless we allow

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Nauli Nauli is the churning or shaking of the belly. It stimulates peristalsis of the intestines, tones the liver, and aids digestion and bowel movement. Practice nauli on an empty stomach, preferably in the morning. Stand with feet hip-width apart. Bend slightly forward and press your hands against the upper part of the quadriceps (thigh muscles) of each leg. Exhale, keeping the lungs empty, pull the stomach inward as far as possible. Then push the stomach out again.

Continue doing these movements in succession, pumping or shaking the abdomen in and out 10 to 20 times without breathing. Inhale at the end. Rest a few moments and repeat two or three more times.

Neti Neti is cleansing of the nasal passages and is done one of two ways: sutra, or string neti and jala, or water neti. Our nasal passages warm and cleanse the air, which prevents dust, pollen, and bacteria from entering our lungs, and they help to balance and absorb prana or life force. Water neti is quite easy to learn and works to tone, clear, and clean the nasal passages, building immunity to colds and allergens.

Dissolve a level teaspoon of non-iodized sea salt in a glass of lukewarm, nonchlorinated water. Tip the head back and, using a rubber syringe or traditional neti pot, gently fill one nostril with water. Then “cough” the water into the mouth and gently blow the air out both nostrils at once to remove the remaining water. Repeat on the other side. String neti is a more difficult procedure and should be learned from a teacher.

Vasti Vasti is colon cleansing. Similar to an enema, vasti is used to clean and evacuate the lower bowels. Traditionally, the yogi would use a thin, hollow bamboo tube inserted into the anus. He would then squat or hoist himself in a lotus position over water and perform nauli stomach

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churning. This produces a vacuum in the abdominal cavity that naturally draws water into the rectum which is subsequently pumped out. Another traditional technique was to insert the tube and stand neck-deep in water. The pressures would equalize by forcing water into the colon. Luckily, it’s not necessary to go to such extremes anymore, since you can achieve the same results using an enema bag.

Variasar Variasar is purification of the conch. Just as water can be poured in one end of a conch shell and then, by twisting and rolling it around, made to pass out the other end, so can one learn to pass water through the entire elementary canal. The yogi drinks several glasses of water and performs a short sequence of asanas that slowly move the water along through the digestive system until it is

Kapalabhati Kapalabhati means to make the head or skull radiant. It is a breathing practice that cleans and tones the lungs and charges you with pranic energy. Sit in a comfortable posture with your spine straight and relaxed. Begin by taking a few diaphragmatic breaths. Move the diaphragm out when inhaling and contract it inward when exhaling. Then exhale with a forcible burst of air, followed by a normal but quick inhalation. The exhalation should be a quick, sharp burst without straining, wheezing, or tension in the throat. Inhalations should not be forced or strained. Keep a good rhythm going and keep your face relaxed. Kapalabhati is relatively easy to learn, but beginners should consult a qualified instructor to ensure that they are performing it properly.

Kunjala and Gaja Karani evacuated through the anus. After a few repetitions one is able to pass clear water through, indicating that for the first time in our lives, we are not “full of it.” This kriya should not be performed without instruction from a competent teacher and never more than one to three times a year.

Tratakum Tratakum is a practice of gazing at a candle flame.

It increases concentration, tones and “cleanses” the eyes and emotions, while calming and relaxing one’s whole being. Place a candle in front of you, just below eye level. A darkened room is best but not required. Sit with your spine erect and gaze steadily at the flame without blinking for about a minute. Then close your eyes, relax and visualize the flame for an equal amount of time. Repeat the procedure. Gradually increase the gazing period, over time, until the eyes begin to water before closing them. Practice for several minutes. If a candle is not available, use a small object or even a black dot.

Kunjala or gaja karani, means “purification of the elephant,” because elephants draw water with their trunks and then spray it back out. This technique -- drinking and regurgitating water -- is done occasionally on an empty stomach to remove excess acid or undigested foods. It’s also a helpful way to get over one’s aversion to vomiting, so it can be used when necessary to eliminate a bad meal.

When this act is done with a full stomach, it is called “the purification of the tiger,” because tigers vomit shortly after meals to eliminate the food not easily digested. Yogis use the act to eliminate a toxic meal, which is preferable to processing it through one’s system and risking illness, food poisoning, or even death. The practice should be done in the morning on an empty stomach.

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Drink three to six glasses of water. Practice a couple of rounds of nauli or shake the stomach in and out of few times to mix the water around. In a suitable location, stand erect but bent at the waist. Inhale and keep air in the lungs which will increase the abdominal pressure. Place two or three fingers down your throat to tickle the epiglottis until a strong vomiting effect is obtained and some stomach contents are emptied. Repeat a few times until your stomach is completely empty. If you have trouble stimulating the regurgitating response, dip your fingertips into some salt before tickling your throat.

Rinse your mouth and throat when you’re finished.

Hrid Dhauti and Danta Dhauti Hrid dhauti is cleansing the tongue and danta dhauti is cleansing the teeth. Since ancient times, hatha yogis traditionally broke off small branches of the fibrous neem tree and used it as a brush to clean their teeth.

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Caution The yogic kriyas were evolved before sanitary conditions, refrigeration, and clean food were as commonplace as they are today. Although they may have been more necessary back then, the kriyas remain useful and valuable techniques today.

You may practice nauli, neti, hrid dhauti, tratakum, and kapalabhati on a regular basis; but reserve the other kriyas -- vasti, variasar, gaja karani, and kunjala -- for medicinal purposes or for preventative health reasons a couple of times a year. Follow a clean and healthful diet, and never use the kriyas as antidotes to overeating or bad dietary habits. If you have questions about the advisability of, or the techniques for, any of these practices, please consult a qualified Yoga teacher or an Ayurvedic health professional.

Young Prodigy

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eenager Sundar Raju has brought laurels to his native village in remote Telangana state by bagging medals at national and international Yoga competitions. Hailing from Chanaganapally village in Mahbubnagar district, he has proved that the child of a poor farmer could shine in any sport including Yoga through dedication, hard work and regular practice.

With his splendid performance in the 24th World Yoga Sports Championship held in Kuala Lumpur in December 2015, the ‘Wonder Boy’ has brought home a silver medal for his Yoga Asanas and a bronze medal for Artistic Yoga.

competitions held from 2012 to 2014 and bagged a silver medal at a national-level contest in Hyderabad two years ago.

A first year Intermediate student of Telangana Social Welfare Residential School at Madanapurum, Sunder Raju mastered Yoga with the support of the TSWREI Society.

The Telangana Chief Minister K Chandrasekhar Rao congratulated Sunder Raju and presented him a cheque worth Rs 5,00,000 for his outstanding performance in the Malaysian championship.

Earlier, Sunder Raju participated in the International Yoga Championship at Bangkok, Thailand in June 2015 and bagged a bronze medal.

He had won three gold medals and two silver medals at state-level

Wonder Boy Sunder Raju displaying his skills at national and international Yoga competitions.

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Life Skills

Battle Against Negative Thoughts

Aakanksha Tunk Corporate Trainer

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ll my life I have been battling negative thoughts. I’m sure you are also facing the same. When I come cross with one-to-one session with my trainees, I find most of them are struggling in their life, no matter where they are from or what’s their financial background is. Every one of us is getting attracted towards negative energy. Indeed we are becoming more and more negative in our life.

According to the author Russ Harris, eighty percent of thoughts contain some sort of negative content. So, it’s normal to have negative thoughts. It’s part of our evolutionary heritage. We’re constantly scanning our environment (generating negative thoughts) all the while looking for problems to fix. The difficulty isn’t that we have negative thoughts. The problem comes when we believe our thoughts are true. “You become what you think about most. But you also attract what you think about most”. (John Assaraf) We have all had those days where nothing seems to go right, perhaps you set the alarm for 6:30 am but don’t wake-up until 7:00 am, and then you hit a major traffic jam, spill coffee on your shirt, lose the report that is due in 20 minutes, miss the bus or stub your toe etc. All of these actions start with your first negative thought and begin spiraling out-of-control like a snowball that grows bigger and bigger with every gathered flake.

For instance have you might have observed that while preparing for your examination, you suddenly get a thought that a particular topic is important, you ignore it and learn other topics as they are very easy. But then, you will find that the same topic in the examination paper!

On other hand, I guess most of us have come across this situation in life when you woke up late and you need to rush to school, but then you get a negative thought that you will miss the bus and that day you actually missed your bus.

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Power to deal Negativity Your power is in your thoughts, so stay awake and choose wisely. Yes, I hope you will agree that we all have a supernatural power. And this power is your Mind and Thoughts. And as we know that our earth is surrounded by magnetic energy and thus Laws of Attraction.

You think positive and positivity will get attracted to you. As your thoughts are negative, you are attracting negative things towards you.

You need to inculcate the positive thoughts more like -- I’m a confident person; I’m an excellent public speaker; I’m a money magnet, and you actually will be benefitted by such thoughts rather than negative ones.

So be careful with your thoughts as what goes around comes back to you.

Helpful Tips to Control Negative Thinking: 1. Believe yourself: Never doubt that people have the power to criticise you. Indeed, it is you who have the power to change your world.

perhaps Nike was on to something with the phrase “Just Do It!”

5. Control What You Can – One lesson every person should learn is that “You cannot control other people’s actions; you can only control your reaction to those actions.” Embracing this lesson will make a huge difference in your overall well-being. Write it down and post it where you will see it regularly if you must. You may not be able to change the friend who is always late, the co-worker that is always complaining or the family member that is always putting you down, but you can control the way their actions make you ‘feel’ and how you are reacting to them. Don’t

2. Don’t lose Hope: Every tunnel has an end. Just like your problems and pain. Have a little faith and face it.

3. Practice Meditation: Meditation can be an excellent outlet for stress and negativity. Meditation does not have to take up a large amount of time, and can usually be accomplished in any place and adjusted to fit every schedule. The basic purpose of meditation is to relax your mind and body, and allow positivity into your life. For the purpose of this exercise I suggest simply finding a quiet place that is free of distractions and focusing on your breathing. Clear your mind of all thoughts and allow your body to relax. Once you feel relaxed and your mind is clear begin to think about positive things that make you feel good. Perhaps you can think about all the things you are grateful for, goals you hope to achieve or things you like about yourself.

4. Fight Fear with Action – “I can’t” often come from fear of failure, rejection or judgment and can be debilitating and harmful to your personal life. Fight fear with action and action oriented words. Instead of saying “I can’t,” just go ahead and give it a try! Not much is truly impossible; if you put your mind to it you “can” accomplish anything. Replace words like ‘I can’t” or ‘I won’t be able to’ with ‘I will’ or ‘I’ll try.’

This simple act alone will change your outlook and greatly improve your level of happiness. Consider the slogan of the top-selling show company in the world,

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let other people control your emotions, make the choice to be the master of your own thoughts and feelings.

6. Be cool and Don’t minimize the positive: Do not worry at all about negative thoughts, and do not try to control them. All you have to do is begin to think good each day. Plant as many good thoughts as you can in each day. As you begin to think good you will attract more and more good thoughts, and eventually the good thoughts will wipe out the negative thoughts altogether.

7. Stop thinking in extremes: Most of life isn’t black or white, completely this or that, all or nothing. But negative thinking tends to view bad stuff in the extreme. Write down what you have been thinking negatively about. Write the extreme negative statement that comes to mind. Giving your brain more options will reduce emotionality and allow you to think more clearly.

8. Stop over-generalizing the negative: Ask yourself: “If something bad happens, do I over-generalize it? Do I view it as applying to everything and being permanent rather than containing it to one place and time?”

9. Stop assuming: Thinking negatively stops us relaxing with uncertainty. This can lead to ‘mindreading’. “She hasn’t texted me back; she doesn’t like me!” or “He only said that to make me feel better, he doesn’t really think that!”

They might be a reason for not responding like: He or she’s might have forgotten phone, battery might be dead or phone might have ran out of credits.

STOP ASSUMING!

10. Stop making stuff up and believing it: Imagination is a wonderful thing, but not if you use it to scare yourself. Sometimes we need to be able to ‘suspend the functioning of the imagination’ (to quote Ernest Hemingway, no less). Looking at an upcoming event in your mind and negatively hypnotizing yourself by vividly imagining the worst is like using a hammer to paint a picture. Your imagination is a tool to be used constructively. By practicing imagining things going well, making it more likely, you’ll be calmer in the situation and it will be a much better use of your time.

Remember, it is only you who could draw some colours to your life and not others but you.

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Indian origin kids win

2016 SPELLING BEE The 2016 Scripps National Spelling Bee in the US was won by two boys of Indian origin - Nihar Janga, 11, from Texas, and Jairam Hathwar, 13, from New York.

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he Scripps National Spelling Bee ended in a tie for the third consecutive year, with Jairam Hathwar and Nihar Janga declared co-champions after a roller-coaster finish on May 26. Thirteen-year-old Jairam is the younger brother of the 2014 co-champion, Sriram Hathwar.

Nihar, at age 11, is the youngest winner of the competition on record.

Scripps made the bee tougher after two consecutive ties, forcing the last two spellers to get through three times as many words as in years past. Jairam misspelled two words, but both times, Nihar followed up with a miss and the bee continued. The bee ended with Jairam correctly spelling Feldenkrais and Nihar spelling Gesellschaft. The winners will receive a trophy and $45,000 in cash and prizes.

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Motivational Story

On the

Summit Poorna Malavath may look fragile but she has nerves of steel. At 13, she became the youngest girl in the world to climb Mount Everest on May 25, 2014. By scaling the highest peak, she has proved that the girls from the marginalized communities can achieve summit of excellence. She recounts her Himalayan experience with Igniting Minds.

M

y parents are farm workers from Pakala village in Nizamabad district. I studied in our village school till fifth grade and went to government boarding school for further studies.

My Everest story can be traced to September 2013, when I was in ninth standard. A rock climbing training camp was announced at Bhongir. Two students from our school -- Ravali and I were selected for a five-day training camp.

I’m involved in sporting activities and used to play volleyball and kabaddi. That’s why they have selected me for the camp.

Bhongir Rock Climbing Camp The very sight of a huge mountain at Bhongir was terrifying. I wondered whether I could climb the 700-feet high mountain. Till then I was not aware of rock climbing.

We were trained in rock climbing techniques by none other than Sekhar Babu, who scaled Everest from the Chinese side, and Parmesh Kumar. Slowly I learnt the tricks of the trade and achieved ‘A’ plus grade in rock climbing.

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Out of 110 students, 20 were selected for Darjeeling camp for acclimating with weather conditions of the Himayalas.

This was possible after Dr R S Praveen Kumar, an IPS officer took over as the Secretary of Social Welfare Schools. We have witnessed a sea change in education, food and sports arena. He is an inspiration to all of us. I wish to follow him and become an IPS officer.

Darjeeling Camp It was for the first time I saw snow at Darjeeling. I have never imagined it before and felt heavenly while walking in the snow.

The trainers from the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute (HMI) were reluctant to train us. They were apprehensive that we were too young for the expedition. Our trainers requested them to give us a chance.

They tested our endurance and stamina as we used to jog 10 to 15 km every day and practiced climbing. The HMI trainers, Jyothishi, Ghamshyam and two others, were instrumental in honing our skills.

Poorna team took the Northeast ridge or North Col Route to Mount Everest.

Ladakh Camp After 20 days, nine members from the team were selected for a 15-day camp at Ladakh. Our trainers wanted us to undergo training in extreme weather conditions as temperature dips below - 35 degree centigrade at Ladakh. There we learnt how to pitch the tents and adjust to life at sub zero temperature.

Out of nine members, Sadhanapalli Anand Kumar from Khamman district and I were selected for a special a three-month training to be held at Gowlidoddi social welfare school near Hyderabad.

We used to jog 25 km, do physical exercises and meditate every day so that were physically and mentally fit. Sekhar Babu, Parmesh Kumar and Yoga guru Venugopal imparted training to us.

Before we set out, the officials called our parents and sought their permission for the Everest expedition. They told them about the risks involved in the journey. My mother was reluctant to let me go, but my father encouraged me to join the expedition.

I was told that one could die during the trip and their bodies can’t be recovered from the valleys down below. Without any negative thoughts, I decided to join the team.

Our team leader Sekhar Babu climbed the Everest from the Tibetan side. So, he decided to follow the Chinese route as authorities permitted mountaineers under 16 to climb the Everest. | |June 2016 IGNITING MINDS â—†

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We reached camp 1 on May 22 (7,100 m), camp 2 (7,700 m) on May 23 and camp 3 (8,300 m) on May 24. I was reluctant to climb further as I felt exhausted but my trainers insisted that we had to climb overnight and reach the Summit next day.

On top of the World

Expedition Begins On April 6, 2014, we left Hyderabad for the Himalayas. We reached the base camp on April 14. This was a preparatory camp for climbers.

Our 15-member team included 4 climbers, a team leader, a doctor, 7 Sherpas and 2 cooks. I learnt that my guide was lucky to climb the Everest 17 times.

On way to advance base camp, my stomach was upset as I could not adjust to weather and food. The food smelled awful as we have to take packaged food and dry fruits. We reached the advance camp on May 20.

We had to climb in a single path. It is like walking on bunds of the farms. Any misstep could cost our lives. The toughest climb was from the advance camp to camp 1 (6,400 to 7,100 metres above sea level). It was steep climb and lasted 7 to 8 hours. One should carry 6-7 oxygen cylinders weighing 25 kg as breathing gets difficult at higher altitude.

Poorna with her mother Lakshmi and father Devidas Malavath.

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‘In early hours of May 25 we reached the Everest summit (8,848 m). It was the happiest moment in my life. I felt that I had accomplished my goal. So many people had faith in me -our secretary, my parents, trainers, school staff, and others. I am grateful to all those people who extended support to me during the 52-day journey.

My joy knew no bounds after I learnt that I was the youngest girl in the world to scale the Everest. On our return journey, we met the Prime Minister Narendra Modi at New Delhi, where he felicitated and congratulated us.

‘I shall never give up.’ This is one of the 10 commandments of SWAEROES. I used to recall it whenever I had self doubts and remember our motto -- sky is the limit.”

Prime Minister Narendra Modi with teenaged mountaineers Poorna Malavath and Anand Kumar who scaled Mt Everest. Their coach Sekhar Babu is also seen.

SWAEROES Movement Mountaineers Poorna Malavath and Anand Kumar swear by the ten commandments of SWAEROES. SWAEROES stand for Social Welfare Aeroes (Greek for sky) and its motto: Sky is the limit. The alumni of Telangana Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society had initiated a movement to carry forward the legacy of Jyothi Rao Phule and Dr B R Ambedkar.

Ten commandments of SWAEROES 1)

I am not inferior to anyone.

2)

I shall be the leader wherever I am.

3)

I shall do what I love and be different.

4) I shall always think big and aim high.

5) I shall repay what I borrow.

6) I shall never fear the unknown.

7) I shall never give up.

8) I shall be honest, hardworking and punctual.

9) I shall never blame others for my failure.

10) I shall never beg nor cheat.

Igniting Minds team felicitating Poorna Malavath

| |June 2016 IGNITING MINDS â—†

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Handwriting

Slant Right, to Write Right

Y.Mallikarjuna Rao Director, National Handwriting Academy

C

ursive handwriting, after perfect letters and connections, is to be written with a right slant because “Right is the Right slant” and “left slant is to be left.”

Calligraphy – an art of producing beautiful handwriting and Graphology – the science of handwriting analysis both strongly recommends the “Right slant”. According to Graphology, the one who writes with right slant is a sympathetic person. He or she is also analysed as a person who updates their skills on a daily basis.

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One should be conscious while giving a slight right slant to alphabets.

Avoid slanting to a greater degree towards the right. It indicates lack of control over emotions. Those who cannot control their emotions generally do not succeed.

Only non-cursive handwriting is to be written vertically i.e. 90 degrees.

We come across people, who also write cursive handwriting in upright style. This is to be strictly avoided.

One of the highly negative slants is writing each letter of a word in different style. Avoid using varied slants in a same word or words of a same sentence. It only shows their negative mindset. Those who write letters or words in different slants generally show dual personality, which is an obstacle in achieving success. Their friends and family members show less interest in maintaining friendship or relationship with them.

| |June 2016 IGNITING MINDS â—†

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Parenting

Allure of Nuclear

Families I

often come across parents of nuclear families these days that are juggling between work, home, and baby- sitters. They constantly ponder about the fact that their children would be raised better in the hands of their family members or grandparents versus a baby- sitter, or a care-taker. So are we blaming the changing structure of families to give rise to this new set of tension.

Of course, the nuclear family versus joint family debate has been ongoing, which in turn has impacted the way child rearing takes place.

Since the breakdown of the joint families has started, it has resulted

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Sadia Saeed Raval Inner Space

in a great disconnect from the extended family which is making children more aloof and isolated.

The concept of cousins being your child’s first set of friends is disappearing by each passing day.

With joint families, childcare arrangements were never an issue.

But now mothers have to worry about leaving their children with care-takers who could possibly be total strangers. Children are becoming more and more detached from the socio- cultural events.

You and I have probably grown up celebrating a lot of festivals with a large group of family members visiting from all over the city, or even country. That has now boiled down to just the parents and children having a quiet dinner along with probably a few friends. Does that leave you thinking that you’re unable to provide a comforting and nurturing environment for your child, while you’re away at work? A great deal of our energy is spent wondering, whether children are in tune with the spiritual and religious aspects that we have been raised with, or whether the environment they’re growing up in is nurturing enough.

Do you often ponder about the disadvantages of having a nuclear family? Let’s pause and think about the ways in which we could integrate this shift in lifestyle with a healthier approach in addressing these issues.

Advantages of nuclear families Not all is bad when raising a child in a nuclear set up. As I was discussing these issues with some of my clients in therapy, they brought up a very empowering aspect of the nuclear family set up- the child learns to become independent and develops a sense of autonomy at an early age. And this can be a positive aspect in this situation. It is important to allow for independence to facilitate and build autonomy in children.

Things like, letting them decide their sleep timings and involving them in household chores go a long way in developing a sense of responsibility in children. Also, this little contribution in the housework by parents as well as the children could be one of the shared activities the family could do together.

This role of children in the family in making decisions could be an important aspect in shaping your child’s personality. This aspect can also more commonly be called- the role of consensus.

Making small rituals a part of your weekly activities together could help your children keep in touch with the cultural aspect they are told to be losing out upon. Hopefully, these little things will help you as parents to nurture your child’s development.

Not intending to sound clichéd but isn’t it too apt to say that change is, and will be inevitable.

Its upon us how we try to make it difficult on ourselves, or use it in a way that would be beneficial to us, and our children, who are, the future generation.

Role of children in the Family As parents of nuclear families, there’s another advantage you can build for your children, by letting them know that their opinion in making decisions matters. It could be as trivial as deciding the colour of your new car, or as important as deciding their own career path. Taking into account the opinions shared by your children could be an important step in validating them. | |June 2016 IGNITING MINDS ◆

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Health & Nutrition

Amazing Home Remedies

Digestive Disorders

O

Mukta Agrawal Senior Nutritionist “INLIFE Healthcare”

ne of the most common health disorders affecting almost every individual is indigestion. Also referred to as dyspepsia, this particular health condition can give rise to severe discomfort and health issues. Your unhealthy eating habits or a chronic digestive issue will prepare the grounds for severe indigestion.

Indigestion can be very disturbing. From affecting your regular activities to proactive life, critical digestive issues can wreck havoc on your overall health. Therefore, it is highly imperative to take note of this issue seriously.

Knowing the symptoms Effective treatments will depend on proper identification of symptoms.

Some of the common symptoms of indigestion are: ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Severe vomiting Traces of blood in vomit Unexpected and fast weight loss Inconvenience while swallowing Gnawing sensation Nausea and stomach bloating

These are some of the symptoms that indicate acute indigestion.

Identifying the causes Indigestion or constipation can happen because of many reasons. From spicy food to overeating habits, there are some reasons responsible for heartburn. If you wish to know about some of the reasons, here are some: I. Spicy, fatty, and greasy foods II. Sleeping immediately after meals III. Another strong reason for abdominal discomfort is medicines.

Some of the medications including aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen, and other life-saving drugs might give rise to irresistible bowel syndrome.

IV. Many people also suffer from pancreatic disorders. Such conditions can also cause digestive problems and indigestion.

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Role of your food habits Although it is a lesser-known fact, your choice of food plays a significant role in causing indigestion. While eating out with friends, or consuming food at home, you must be careful about some of the products capable of causing digestive problems.

1. Dairy products: Lactose intolerance can lead to severe digestive problems. Try to avoid taking them in large amounts.

2. Acidic foods: Citrus foods or tomato sauce can have an acidic effect on your bowels. Try avoiding them to keep stomach upset at bay.

3. Fried foods: Since they are not easily digestible, fried foods can also upset your digestive system to a great extent.

Knowing the home remedies Digestive problems are disturbing. But that does not mean, you will have to resort to medicines all the time. Several home remedies are there, and they work well.

I. Fennel seeds Having fennel seed powder with water or fennel tea will prove to be one of the most effective home remedy for indigestion. Make a solution of roasted fennel seeds powder and water. Drink it twice daily.

II. Ginger Ginger stimulates enzyme flow as well as digestive juices. They work really well when it comes to treating indigestion. Mix ginger juice with two table spoon of lemon juice, add black or table salt, and take it without or with water.

III. Baking Soda Add baking soda to a glass of water and gulp it down. The solution will have an alkalizing effect on your stomach.

IV. Herbal tea Drinking warm herbal tea every morning will regulate bowel movements, thus reducing chances of indigestion.

V. Apple Cider Vinegar Although it has an acidic nature, apple cider vinegar will settle digestive issues.

Take one cup of water and one tablespoonful of apple cider vinegar. Mix it with raw honey, and drink it once a day.

VI. Epsom salt If chronic constipation plagues your happy life the most, then a pinch of Epsom salt will be the perfect thing to eat with fruit juices.

VII. Prune juice With generous concentrations of sorbitol and fiber, a glass of fresh prune juice will play the role of a natural laxative, thus treating indigestion. Take a glass of prune juice every day.

With these effective remedies, you will never have to suffer from digestive issues and constipation for long.

Note: If the problem persists, then consult your doctor. | |June 2016 IGNITING MINDS â—†

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Awards

Dadasaheb Phalke

Award T

o honour the father of Indian cinema, Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, the Directorate of Film Festivals set up by the Information and Broadcasting Ministry named the most prestigious and coveted award after him. Phalke, who made the first Indian feature film, Raja Harishchandra in 1913, is popularly known as Dadasaheb Phalke. He made tremendous contribution to cinema and made 95 films and 26 short films in a span of 19 years.

The Dadasaheb Phalke Award was introduced in 1969 by the government to recognise the contribution of film personalities towards the development of Indian cinema. The award comprises a memento (Swarna Kamal), a cash prize of Rs 10,00,000 and a shawl. The first recipient of this award was Devika Rani.

Dadasaheb Phalke Awards Winners Year

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Awarde

Occupation

1969

Devika Rani

Actress

1970

B. N. Sircar

Producer

1971

Prithviraj Kapoor

Actor (Posthumous)

1972

Pankaj Mullick

Music Director

1973

Ruby Myers (Sulochana)

Actress

1974

Bomireddi Narasimha Reddy

Director

1975

Dhirendranath Ganguly

Actor, Director

1976

Kanan Devi

Actress

1977

Nitin Bose

Cinematographer, Director

1978

Rai Chand Boral

Music Director, Director

1979

Sohrab Modi

Actor, Director, Producer

1980

Paidi Jairaj

Actor, Director

1981

Naushad Ali

Music Director

1982

L. V. Prasad

Actor, Director, Producer

1983

Durga Khote

Actress

1984

Satyajit Ray

Director

1985

V. Shantaram

Actor, Director, Producer

1986

B. Nagi Reddy

Producer

1987

Raj Kapoor

Actor, Director

1988

Ashok Kumar

Actor

1989

Lata Mangeshkar

Playback Singer

1990

Akkineni Nageswara Rao

Actress

1991

Bhalji Pendharkar

Director, Producer

1992

Bhupen Hazarika

Director

1993

Majrooh Sultanpuri

Lyricist

1994

Dilip Kumar

Actress

1995

Rajkumar

Actress

1996

Sivaji Ganesan

Actress

1997

Pradeep

Lyricist

1998

B.R. Chopra

Director, Producer

1999

Hrishikesh Mukherjee

Director

2000

Asha Bhosle

Playback Singer

2001

Yash Chopra

Director, Producer

2002

Dev Anand

Actor, Director, Producer

2003

Mrinal Sen

Director

2004

Adoor Gopalakrishnan

Director

2005

Shyam Benegal

Director

2006

Tapan Sinha

Director

2007

Manna Dey

Playback Singer

2008

V. K. Murthy

Cinematographer

2009

D. Ramanaidu

Producer

2010

K Balachander

Director

2011

Soumitra Chatterjee

Actor

2012

Pran

Actor

2013

Gulzar

Lyricist

2014

Shashi Kapoor

Actor, Director Producer

2015

Manoj kumar

Actor, Director

| |June 2016 IGNITING MINDS â—†

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Career Awareness

Aspiring to become an IFS officer?

T

from any of the Head Post Offices or Post Offices spread throughout the country and sent the filled in application form to:

A three stage examination -- Preliminary, Main and Interview -- process is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) to recommend the candidates for appointment in Indian Forest Service.

Note: The notification for the

he Indian Forest Service is one of the three All India Services, the other two being the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service. The Indian Forest Service is responsible for safeguarding the forests in the country. During their field postings, IFS officers work towards conservation, protection and development of forests and wildlife with an aim to enhance livelihoods of people living in rural and tribal areas.

Eligibility 1. Educational Qualification One should hold a bachelor degree with at least one of the subjects namely mathematics, physics, chemistry, botany, zoology, geology, statistics, veterinary science and animal husbandry; or a bachelor’s degree in engineering, forestry, or agriculture.

2. Age The candidate must have attained the age of 21 years on 1st August of the year of examination. The upper age limit for general and OBC creamy layer is 32 years and the age limit for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes is relaxed by 5 years, three years for OBC non creamy layer and 10 years for physically handicapped candidates.

3. Physical Standards The candidate must be physically fit according to physical standards for admission to the IFS Examination

Application and Procedure To become an IFS officer one has to follow the below given steps:

Step 1 As a first step the aspirant has to procure the “Application Form” along with “Information Brochure” of Indian Forest Service’s Exam

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The Secretary, Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, New Delhi - 110011. examination with relevant details regarding rules and syllabus is published in the ‘Employment News’ / ‘Rozgar Samachar’ , ‘Gazette of India’, and in some leading newspapers of the country.

Step 2 In the month of August the aspirants have to take the Preliminary Examination. It consists of two papers of objective type carrying a maximum of 400 marks. The question papers are set in Hindi and English.

1. General Studies – I (200 marks) 2. General Studies – II (200 marks)

Note: There will be negative marking of one-third marks of the question as penalty for answering it wrong.

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Step 3 The commission will draw a list of candidates to be qualified for Indian Forest Service (Main) Examination based on the minimum qualifying marks in General Studies Paper‐ II and total marks in General Studies Paper‐I. Paper I General English

(300 marks)

Paper II General Knowledge

(300 marks)

Paper III

(200 marks)

Paper IV

(200 marks)

Paper V

(200 marks)

Paper VI

(200 marks)

Note: The two optional subjects for paper III, IV, V and VI may be chosen from the following given subjects 1. Agriculture 3. Botany 5. Civil Engineering 7. Economics 9. Geography 11. Indian History 13. Mathematics 15. Philosophy 17. Political Science 19. Sociology 21. Statistics

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2. Animal Husbandry and veterinary science 4. Chemistry 6. Commerce 8. Electrical Engineering 10. Geology 12. Law 14. Mechanical Engineering 16. Physics 18. Psychology 20. Public Administration 22. Zoology.

◆ IGNITING MINDS | |June 2016

Step 4 Once the candidate is through the main examination, the stage is set for final interview. The aspirants are grilled to test their personality and mental ability. The interview is allocated 300 marks.

Then the final list of the successful candidates is prepared and those candidates who have opted for IFS undergo foundation training at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration at Mussourie. This is followed by forest service specific orientation at the Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy at Dehradun, with training on forest and wildlife management, soil conservation, forest survey, Scheduled Tribes, and handling weapons.

Career Prospects An IFS officer is largely independent of district administration and exercises administrative, judicial and financial powers in their own domain.

All top positions in state forest department are held by IFS officers.

Ranks of the Forest Service are as follow: ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Assistant Conservator of Forests Deputy Conservator of Forests Conservator of Forests (CFs) Chief Conservator of Forests Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (PCCFs) Director General of Forests - highest post, selected from amongst the senior-most PCCFs of states. ◆ Divisional Forest Officer

| |June 2016 IGNITING MINDS ◆

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History

The History of

Electricity

EDF Energy Power Generation (Electricity)

National Grid

Local Distribution Network operators

Homes & Businesses

G

o back in time and meet a few of the people who made important discoveries in the history of electricity.

James Watt (1736-1819) James Watt was a Scottish inventor who made improvements to the steam engine during the late 1700s. Soon, factories and mining companies began to use Watt’s new-and-improved steam engine for their machinery. This helped jumpstart the Industrial Revolution, a period in the early 1800s that saw many new machines invented and an increase in the number of factories. After his death, Watt’s name was used to describe the electrical unit of power.

Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) Using zinc, copper and cardboard, this Italian professor invented the first battery. Volta’s battery produced a reliable, steady current of electricity. The unit of voltage is now named after Volta.

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Andre-Marie Ampere (1775-1836) Andre-Marie Ampere, a French physicist and science teacher, played a big role in discovering electromagnetism. He also helped describe a way to measure the flow of electricity. The ampere, which is the unit for measuring electric current, was named in honour of him.

Georg Ohm (1787-1854) German physicist and teacher Georg Ohm researched the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. In 1827, he proved that the amount of electrical current that can flow through a substance depends on its resistance to electrical flow. This is known as Ohm’s Law.

Michael Faraday (1791-1867) Michael Faraday, a British physicist and chemist, was the first person to discover that moving a magnet near a coil of copper wire produced an electric current in the wire.

Henry Woodward (exact birth and death unknown) Henry Woodward, a Canadian medical student, played a major role in developing the electric light bulb. In 1874, Woodward and a colleague named Mathew Evans placed a thin metal rod inside a glass bulb. They forced the air out of the bulb and replaced it with a gas called nitrogen. The rod glowed when an electric current passed through it, creating the first electric lamp. Unfortunately, Woodward and Evans couldn’t afford to develop their idea further. So in 1889, they sold their patent to Thomas Edison.

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Thomas Edison (1847-1931) American inventor Thomas Edison purchased Henry Woodward’s patent and began to work on improving the idea. He attached wires to a thin strand of paper, or filament, inside a glass globe. The filament began to glow, which generated some light. This became the first incandescent light bulb. A thin, iron wire later replaced the paper filament.

Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) A Serbian inventor named Nikola Tesla invented the first electric motor by reversing the flow of electricity on Thomas Edison’s generator. In 1885, he sold his patent rights to an American businessman who was the head of the Westinghouse Electric Company. In 1893, the company used Tesla’s ideas to light the Chicago World’s Fair with a quarter of a million lights.

Sir Adam Beck (1857-1925) In the early 1900s, manufacturer and politician Sir Adam Beck pointed out that private power companies were charging customers too much for electricity. He believed that all citizens had the right to cheap electric light and power. So he worked to get the Ontario government to create the Hydro-Electric Power Commission in 1910.

He headed up this commission, which provided inexpensive electricity to many Ontario towns and cities. To do this, the commission built huge generating stations and set up transmission lines that carried power from Niagara Falls to places across Ontario. Because of his efforts, he earned the nickname The Hydro Knight.

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Science

ABC of

E

Power

lectricity is a type of energy that was discovered over 100 years ago. One of the most common ways to make electricity is by converting other energy sources such as coal, natural gas, and oil or solar, wind and falling water. You may not even realize that electricity is a huge part of your everyday life. For starters, it keeps your home and school warm in the winter and cool in the summer.

Without it, you would never be able to watch your favorite TV show or listen to your MP3 player. After all, you need electricity. Imagine a world where you couldn’t turn on a light, a computer, or even use the phone! Obviously, electricity is important to us. That’s why it’s time to rethink our relationship with this valuable resource and figure out how we can do our part to use it wisely.

1 Electricity is Generated

3 Electricity travels across the province on transmission lines Electricity is carried 5 to your neighborhood transformers on distribution lines

The Transformer on the pole decreases voltage before entering your house 6

Voltage is 2 increased at the transformer station

4 The neighborhood transformer station decreases voltage

Getting Plugged in It’s easy to find – just flip on a switch or plug something in. But how does electricity make its way to your home or school? Today electricity is generated in different ways, such as wind and solar power. After its gets generated, electricity is sent out along power lines, which can carry it over long distances. These transmission lines are often referred to as high voltage lines. Higher voltage allows electricity to travel long distances more efficiently. The electricity eventually reaches your neighborhood when the voltage is reduced. And from there it travels through distribution lines to your home or school. Now you’re plugged-in!

| |June 2016 IGNITING MINDS ◆

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Pride of India

Alluri Sita Rama Raju

Actual Name: Aluri Rampa Rama Raju, Rama Chandra Raju Date of birth: 07/07/1897 Place of birth: Mogallu village, West Godavari district, (AP) Died: May 7, 1924, Visakhapatnam district Category: Freedom Fighters

A

lluri Sitarama Raju, a legendary hero of tribals in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, had virtually declared a war on the British. Inspired by the patriotic zeal of revolutionaries in Bengal, he fought for the rights of tribals in the agency areas.

He was born on July 7, 1897 at Mogallu village in West Godavari district. His father was an official photographer of the Central Jail at Rajahmundry. He lived mainly in Mogallu and was educated in Rajahmundry at Vullithota Bangarayya School, as well as in Kakinada, Tuni and Ramachandrapuram in East Godavari district.

Early life His father died when he was young, and he had to be placed under the care of his uncle, ‘Rama Krishnam Raju’, a tehsildar in Narsapur in West Godavari district. He studied at ‘Taylor High School’ at Narsapur, later at Tuni. Then he visited tribal areas of Visakhapatnam district and moved by

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the plight of locals. At the age of 15, he went to his mother’s home town of Vishakhapatnam and enrolled in Mrs. A V N. College, but dropped out after he failed in Fourth Form (ninth standard).

Rampa Rebellion Raju led a protest against the exploitation of tribals by the British in forest areas of East Godavari and Visakhapatnam districts in Madras Presidency. He raided police stations at Chintapalli, Rampachodavaram, Dammanapalli, Krishnadevipeta, Rajavommangi, Addateegala, Narsipatnam and Annavaram.

Raju and his followers stole guns and ammunition and killed several British army officers, including Scott Coward near Dammanapalli. In December 1922, the British deployed a company of Assam Rifles, near Pegadapalle under the leadership of Saunders. Raju, who had by then gone underground, resurfaced after about four months and continued the fight, with the support of leaders, ‘Gam Mallu Dora’ and ‘Gantam Dora’ and volunteers..

The British campaign lasted nearly a year from December 1922. Sitarama Raju was eventually trapped by the British in the forests of Chintapalli, tied to a tree and shot dead at Mampa village. Following the martyrdom of Alluri, the tribal revolt lost its momentum and petered out

by October 1923. His last remains were buried at Krishnadevipeta village.

Alluri’s Exploits On August 22, 1922, Alluri raided Chintapalli police station and took away arms and ammunition, the next day he attacked Krishnadevipeta police station, and Rajavommangi PS on August 24, He set free a revolutionary Veerayya Dora from jail. The British got alerted and sent forces to capture Sitarama Raju. At Peddavalasa, he attacked the British forces inflicting heavy losses to them.

Legacy The Indian postal department issued a commemorative stamp on Alluri Sitarama Raju in the series ‘India’s struggle for freedom’ in 1986. A movie was made on his life Alluri Sitarama Raju in Telugu. Well known actor Krishna starred as Raju and V Rama Chandra Rao directed the film.

| |June 2016 IGNITING MINDS ◆

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Country

SAUDI ARABIA Continent: Asia

Continent: Saudi Arabia Capital: Riyadh Population: 28.83 million (2013) Official language: Arabic Money: Saudi Riyal Area: 2,149,690 sq km, King: Salman bin Abdulaziz

King Salman bin Abdulaziz

Flag: The flag of Saudi Arabia is the flag used by the government of Saudi Arabia since March 15, 1973.

It is a green flag featuring in white an Arabic inscription and a sword. The inscription is the Islamic creed, or shahada.

Major Industries: Crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals; ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizers, plastics; metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, construction

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Agricultural Products: Wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus; mutton, chickens, eggs, milk Natural Resources: Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper.

Major Exports: Petroleum and petroleum products 90% Major Imports: Machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles.

Saudi Arabia occupies most of the Arabian peninsula, with the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba to the west and the Persian Gulf to the east.

Neighboring countries are Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, the Sultanate of Oman, Yemen, and Bahrain. It is connected to the Saudi mainland by a causeway. Saudi Arabia contains the world’s largest continuous sand desert, the Rub Al-Khali, or Empty Quarter. Its oil region lies primarily in the eastern province along the Persian Gulf.

Another family, the Al Rashid, came to power in the late 1800s.

Saudi Arabia became an independent nation after the Ottoman Empire was defeated in World War I. Abdul-Aziz bin Saud regained power for the House of Saud. In 1932, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was formed with Abdul-Aziz was King.

Government

People & Culture

Geography

Saudi Arabia was an absolute monarchy until 1992, at which time the Saud royal family introduced the country’s first Constitution. The legal system is based on the Sharia (Islamic law).

History Saudi Arabia has the largest oil reserves in the world. It ships more oil to the rest of the world than any other country. It is also famous for the religion Islam and is home to Islam’s holiest shrines in Mecca and Medina. The King of Saudi Arabia is called the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. Prior to the 7th century, most of Saudi Arabia was inhabited by nomadic tribes. In 570 AD, Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, was born in Mecca. He united many of the tribes in Saudi Arabia.

After his death in 632 AD, his followers began to expand the area of Muslim rule well beyond Arabia. In the 16th century the Ottoman Empire became prominent by taking control of the Persian Gulf and Red Sea coast. In the 18th century the House of Saud began to emerge as a power.

The founder Muhammad bin Saud started the dynasty and the kingdom fell into hands of the Ottomans in 1818.

The culture of Saudi Arabia is a rich one that has been shaped by its Islamic heritage, its historical role as an ancient trade center, and its Bedouin traditions. Saudi society has experienced tremendous development over the past several decades.

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Best Places to Visit in Saudi Arabia Masjid Al Haram The Masjid al-Ḥaram literally means the sacred mosque. It is the largest mosque in the world and surrounds Islam’s holiest place, the Kaaba, in Mecca. Muslims face the Kaaba while performing daily prayers. One of the Five Pillars of Islam requires every Muslim to perform the Hajj pilgrimage at least once in his or her lifetime.

Jeddah Tower /

Kingdom Tower

ates many st building fascin This world’s talle The architects ound the world. ar l al m fro s or visit Kingdom raise its height of have decided to metre to Tower to one kilo Tower or Jeddah 3,280 ft tall rd. This amazing co re ld or w te crea tels and office include some ho building would has a beautiful ar future. It also space in the ne floor from ce with a glass circular sky terra d Sea. easily see the Re where one can

Facts about Saudi Arabia ■ It has the largest sand desert on earth.

■ The Saudi King’s official title is “Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques.” King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was crowned on January 23, 2015.

■ Has the world’s tallest water fountain (Jeddah, on the Red Sea).

■ Has the world’s largest airport (King Khaled Airport in Riyadh).

■ Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the world without a river.

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Madain Saleh ent located Saleh is an anci n ai ad M ic ot ex The one of the h of Petra and is towards the Sout ist attractions Saudi Arabia tour most significant ance and historical signific both in terms of ed as a trade e had once serv beauty. This plac d Petra and had uthern Arabia an so n ee tw be k lin n. nter of civilizatio once been the ce

Habala Habala is a small mountain village in ‘Asir Region of Saudi Arabia. It was originally inhabited by a tribal community known as the “flower men” because of their custom of wearing garlands of dried herbs and flowers in their hair.

Al Tayebat International City, Jeddah Al Tayebat International City is a museum where attractive items are displayed that depicts the past culture of Saudi Arabia. With 300 rooms in 12 different buildings, this museum made up of limestone and coral blocks. The museum was originally the Palace of king Sheikh Abdul Rauf Khalil.

■ Its largest city, Riyadh (pop. 4,193,000), is the 69th largest city on earth by population.

■ Its tallest building is the 31st tallest building in the world (The Kingdom Center in Riyadh).

■ Saudi Arabia has 83,000 square miles (2,149,690 square km) in total area, which makes it the 13th largest country in the world. It is the largest country in the Middle East, about the size of Western Europe and onequarter the size of the U.S.

Riyadh city

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Sports

Rugby R

ugby is one of the most physical of sports. Internationally, the pinnacle of the sport lies in the Rugby World Cup. Other tournaments such as the Tri Nations (including South Africa, New Zealand and Australia), Six Nations (including England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Italy and France) and the Heineken Cup are other tournaments which are held in high esteem throughout.

Object Of The Game The object of the game is to score more points than your opponents in the 80-minute time frame allotted for each rugby match. The team with a greater number of points at full time is announced as the winner. Games may also end as a draw.

The team with the ball must move the ball up the field in ‘phases of play’. The ball can never be passed forward, but players can run forward with the ball or kick the ball forward to chase it down. The opposing team needs to stop the attacking team by tackling and trying to retain the ball.

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Players & Equipment Each rugby team consists of 15 players. The team is split into two groups known as forwards and backs. There are 8 forwards (positions include Hooker, Prop, Second Row, Flanker and Number Eight) and 7 backs (positions include Scrum Half, Fly Half, Inside Centre, Outside Centre, Wingers and a Full Back).

The pitch is split up into three sections; one main playing area which must not exceed 100 meters and two dead goal areas which can range from 10 to 20 m. The pitch must then be equal to 70 meters wide. The goal posts are in an ‘H’ shape and are roughly 5 to 6 meters apart with no restrictions on height.

Studded boots can be worn along with gum shields, head guards, shoulder pads and shin pads. Each team must wear the same coloured jerseys with matching shorts and socks.

Scoring Points can be scored by one of four ways: ◆ A try is awarded when a player places the ball down in their opponent’s dead ball area behind the goal. 5 points are awarded. ◆ A conversion is a free kick that the team is awarded after a try to earn 2 bonus points. A successful kick needs to pass between the upper posts and top bar on the goal. ◆ A penalty kick will gain a team 3 points and is awarded to a team when the opposing team causes an infringement. ◆ A drop goal can be kicked out of the hand as long as the ball bounces first and can earn a team 3 points.

Winning The Game To win the game you must score more points than your opponent within 80 minutes. Points can be scored via any of the methods mentioned above.

penalty or drop goal has been scored. ◆ The game must have one referee and two touch judges. It’s the referee’s job to time keep, make decisions throughout the game and keep order on the field. The two touch judges can assist the referee with decisions and also notify the referee when players are in touch (out of playing boundaries). ◆ The game will stop if a player is fouled, the ball goes out of play or a try or drop goal is scored. ◆ The defending team must tackle a player by grabbing a hold and pulling them to the floor. A tackle cannot be made above shoulder height and doing so will cause the referee to award a foul. ◆ Once the ball goes into touch a line out is called. Up to 7 players can enter a line out and any of these players can be lifted in order to catch the ball being thrown in. Both teams can compete to win the ball.

Rules of Rugby ◆ The game is broken down into two 40 minute halves with a 10 minute rest period in between. The game carries no stoppage time and will end exactly on 80 minutes. ◆ Each team can start with 15 players and up to 7 substitutes. Players that have left the field are only allowed to return if they have been treated for an injury. ◆ The field must be roughly 100 metres long and 70 meter wide with a minimum of a 10 metre dead ball area. The H shaped goal needs to be 6 metres wide with no restrictions on height. ◆ The field consist of the following markings; half way line, 5 metre line, 22 metre line, 10 metre line and dead ball line. Also included is a centre spot for restarting the game after a try, | |June 2016 IGNITING MINDS ◆

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l o o C

s n o i t n e v In

The Future Of Highways

P

lastic has become part and parcel of our life. It is finding its way into everything from bags to bottles, toys to footwear, and gadgets to furniture. Well, everything ends up as trash harming the ecology. Scientists have come up with 100 percent recycled plastic roads that are touted as a sustainable alternative to asphalt.

Developed by construction firm, Volker Wessels, it consists of prefabricated plastic structures that are laid on top of sand, making installing a new road a considerably simpler process than laying asphalt or using other materials.

Each unit of Plastic Road consists of prefabricated panels that are hollow at the center, allowing it to be used for laying cables and pipes. An entire stretch of road can be installed as a single piece, as well as broken up in numerous pieces for easier transport, giving folks flexibility not available in existing road solutions. It is weather-resistant and corrosion-proof and cheaper to maintain. It can withstand extreme temperatures ranging from - 40° C to 80° C.

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The company hopes to lay its first thoroughfare within the next three years. We might see the first prefab plastic road in Dutch city of Rotterdam soon.

s s e n n Gui Records

world R

K

rishna Kumar recently spread love by breaking the record for the most hugs given in one minute by an individual at a school in Hyderabad.

He managed to embrace 79 different people in just 60 seconds. Eighty eight students queued up to get involved in the speed-hugging challenge at Rock Town in LB Nagar on March 5 this year.

Mr Hugs

Krishna attempted to hug 83 people but unfortunately the Guinness World Records management team was forced to disqualify a number of squeezes which were more headlocks than hugs.

The rules for this record title state that to count as a genuine hug, both arms have to be wrapped around the other person in a close embrace.

In his application for the title, Krishna told Guinness World Records: “Achieving Guinness World Record, I consider as … the highest level of human achievement.”

Previously, the record for the most hugs given in one minute by an individual was 77,achieved by Carrie Bickmore (Australia) at the Huggies Hugs for Healing event at the Sydney Children’s Hospital in Randwick, New South Wales, Australia, in 2014.

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Moral story

Mother’s Hand A

young man went to apply for a managerial position in a big company. He cleared the initial interview, and would meet the director for the final interview.

The director discovered from his CV that the youth’s academic achievements were excellent. He asked, “Did you obtain any scholarships in school?”

The youth answered “no.” ” Was it your father who paid for your school fees?”

“My father passed away when I was one year old, it was my mother who paid for my school fees.” he replied. ” Where did your mother work?”

“My mother worked as a clothes cleaner.”

The director requested the youth to show his hands. The youth showed a pair of hands that were smooth and perfect. ” Have you ever helped your mother wash the clothes before?”

“Never, my mother always wanted me to study and read more books.

Besides, my mother can wash clothes faster than me.”

The director said, “I have a request. When you go home today, go and clean your mother’s hands, and then see me tomorrow morning.”

The youth felt that his chance of landing the job was high. When he went back home, he asked his mother to let him clean her hands. His mother felt strange, happy but with mixed feelings, she showed her hands to her son.

The youth cleaned his mother’s hands slowly. His tear fell as he did that. It was the first time he noticed that his mother’s hands were wrinkled, and there were many bruises in her hands. Some bruises were so painful that his mother winced when he touched it.

This was the first time the youth realised that it was this pair of hands that washed the clothes everyday to enable him to pay the school fees. The bruises in the mother’s hands were the price that the mother had to pay for his education, his school activities and his future.

After cleaning his mother hands, the youth quietly washed all the remaining clothes for his mother.

That night, mother and son talked for a very long time.

Next morning, the youth went to the director’s office.

The Director noticed the tears in the youth’s eyes, when he asked: “Can you tell me what have you done and learned yesterday in your house?”

The youth answered,” I cleaned my mother’s hand, and also finished cleaning all the remaining clothes.”

“I know now what appreciation is. Without my mother, I would

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not be who I am today. By helping my mother, only now do I realize how difficult and tough it is to get something done on your own. And I have come to appreciate the importance and value of helping one’s family.”

The director said, “This is what I am looking for in a manager. I want to recruit a person who can appreciate the help of others, a person who knows the sufferings of others to get things done, and a person who would not put money as his only goal in life.”

“You are hired.”

This young person worked very hard, and received the respect of his subordinates. Every employee worked diligently and worked as a team. The company’s performance improved tremendously.

A child, who has been protected and habitually given whatever he wanted, would develop an “entitlement mentality” and would always put himself first. He would be ignorant of his parent’s efforts. When he starts work, he assumes that every person must listen to him, and when he becomes a manager, he would never know the sufferings of his employees and would always blame others. For this kind of people, who may be good academically, they may be successful for a while, but eventually they would not feel a sense of achievement.

They will grumble and be full of hatred and fight for more. The child has come to such a stage as his or her protective parents failed to teach them share work with others.

It is not enough if the child lives in a big house, eats a good meal, and watches on a big-screen TV. After a meal, let him or her wash their plates and bowls together with their brothers and sisters.It makes the child learn to appreciate the effort and experience the difficulty and learn the ability to work with others to get things done.

Latest News

INDIA’S FIRST FEMALE

T

FIGHTER PILOTS he Indian Air Force (IAF) inducted its first three female fighter pilots into service on June 18 following their graduation from the Air Force Academy at Dindigul near Hyderabad.

The Flying Officers Avani Chaturvedi, Bhawana Kanth, and Mohana Singh - selected from amongst 120 trainee pilots - had completed the first two stages of their instruction on Swiss Pilatus PC-7 Mk II turbo trainers and Kiran Intermediate Jet Trainers.

The three will now begin the final stage of their training set to last until mid-2017. They are expected to fly 145 hours on BAE Systems Hawk 132 advanced jet trainers at Bidar before moving on to operate fighters such as the Sukhoi Su-30MKI, the Mirage 2000H, or the MiG-29.

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Current Affairs Sunil Mittal elected Chairman of International Chamber of Commerce

He is the 51st chairman of the ICC and the third Indian business leader to be elected as the chief of the ICC in its near 100-year history.

Indus Valley Civilization is 8000 years old: IIT Kharagpur Research

Union Government launches Vidyanjali Mobile App for volunteer work at government schools

Vidyanjali initiative is in line with the Union HRD Ministry’s ongoing efforts under Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat.

Norway becomes first country to prohibit deforestation

The step taken by the government means that parliament will no longer award government contracts to any company that cuts down and destroys forests.

P Dhanapal re-elected Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Speaker

As soon as the House assembled June 3, 2016, the protem Speaker S Semmalai announced Dhanapal as Speaker as he was the only person to file nomination for the post.

Sachin Tendulkar’s name to be used in Kerala Government’s Anti-Drug Campaign

Many archaeologists believe that a major drought, around 4200 years ago, throughout the Asia due to weakening of Monsoon probably was the reason behind the Harappan collapse.

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This agreement was reached when Tendulkar along with three other co-owners of the Kerala Blasters Football Club (KBFC) met Vijayan at the state secretariat.

Nita Ambani becomes first Indian women to be nominated for International Olympic Committee

India’s first reusable space shuttle, RLV-TD launched from Sriharikota

The RLV-TD that can put satellites into orbit around earth and then re-enter atmosphere, was carried up on a solid rocket motor (SRM).

Once elected, she will continue to be IOC member until she attains the age of 70.

US engineer Frances Arnold becomes first woman to win Millennium Technology Prize

The 1 million euro prize is awarded biennially and Arnold is the first female winner in its 12-year history.

Gotthard Base Tunnel, world’s longest and deepest rail tunnel, inaugurated in Switzerland

Manohar Aich, India’s first Mr Universe passes away

He was the first Indian to win the Mr Universe title post-independence in 1952.

Muhammad Ali, the Alltime Greatest of Boxing, dies at 74

He was crowned Sportsman of the Century by Sports Illustrated and Sports Personality of the Century by the BBC.

The main purpose of the Gotthard Base Tunnel is to increase total transport capacity across the Alps, especially for freight.

Navin Agarwal is DG, National Anti-Doping Agency The Appointments Committee of Cabinet (ACC) chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved his appointment as Chief of NADA for five years term.

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AR Rahman conferred with Japan’s Fukuoka prize 2016

Indian author Aditi Krishnakumar wins 2016 Scholastic Asian Book

AR Rahman received the award alongside Philippines’ historian Ameth R Ocampo and Pakistan’s Yasmeen Lari.

Aditi Krishnakumar won the Singapore dollar 10000 award for her manuscript “Codex: The Lost Treasure of the Indus”.

Admiral Sunil Lanba takes charge as 21st Navy Chief Born on 17 July 1957, Lanba is a recipient of Param Vishist Seva Medal (PVSM) and Ati Vishist Seva Medal (AVSM) for distinguished service of an exceptionally high order.

42nd G7 Summit concludes in Japan

Pakke Tiger Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh bags India Biodiversity Award

President Pranab Mukherjee presented Malti Gyan Peeth Puraskar 2016

The Hornbill Nest Adoption Programme of the Pakke Tiger Reserve was awarded the prize under Conservation of threatened species category.

Global economy and trade, climate change and energy, development, health and quality infrastructure investment were the major issues that were discussed during the summit.

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The initiative was mainly taken to promote the quality teaching in the schools besides encouraging the hundred percent attendance of girl students in the government schools.

Saina Nehwal lifts Australian Open Super Series Badminton trophy

Leander Paes, Martina Hingis won 2016 French Open Mixed Doubles tennis title

With this win, Paes completed a Career Slam in mixed doubles with Martina Hingis. Earlier, he won Australian Open, Wimbledon and the US Open titles in 2015 with Hingis.

Ace shuttler won the women’s title of the Australian Open Super Series Badminton tournament by defeating Chinese Sun Yu 11-21, 21-14, 21-19. With this win, she received a cheque of $56,250.

Lewis Hamilton wins 2016 Monaco F1 Grand Prix

Para athlete Amit Kumar Saroha wins Gold in 2016 French Open Athletics Championship

Maria Sharapova receives two-year suspension for failing drug test

The Formula One motor race was held at the Circuit de Monaco, a street circuit that runs through the Principality of Monaco. It was the sixth round of the 2016 season.

Saroha’s effort of 26.58 meter broke the Asian record which he had himself set at 2015 World Championships in Doha.

Sonia Lather won silver in Women’s World Boxing Championships

The five-time Grand Slam winner said that she will now challenge the suspension, at the Court of Arbitration for Sport.

Though she reached the finals in the 57kg category, she was defeated by the gold medalist Mesiano Alessia of Italy 2-1.

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Brain Gym 1. Friends ! can you tell what is common in all these six persons?

2. Spokes

3. Scrabble

CLUE 1. Submerge or plunge suddenly.

2. The property possessed by a large mass.

3. Any of several nutritive milklike liquide.

4. A fabric made from the fine threads produced by certain larvae.

5. A vigorous blow.

6. Make small marks into the surface of.

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May Brain Gym Answers 1. All cartoon characters are created by Walt Disney.

2.

3. 1.FOND, 2.FUND, 3.UNDO, 4.FON, 5.DON, 6.FON, 7.NOD & 8. NO 4. Pattern Number 1.

5. 1.Less numbers of nails in the windown. 2.Man has less hair on the head. 3.His eyes are closed. 4.His teeth are missing. 5.Spoon missing from the bowl. 6.Woman is not smiling. 7.Less numbers of bangle on her wrist. 8.Pallu of her sari differs.

5. Find Eight Differences in Both the Pictures.

4. Looking at the change of patterns, tell, what comes in Blank - Change to ‘Guess the next pattern...’

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