July magazine 2016

IGNITING MINDS ` 125/-

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Volume.01

| Issue.09 | July 2016

Monthly Educational Magazine be cri bs Copy u S ur

RNI No: TELENG/2015/65077

“Inspired by a great soul Dr. APJ ABDUL KALAM”

Krishna Pushkaram

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# KEY TO CHANGE BEHAVIOUR OF A CHILD # ASPIRING TO BECOME AN ANIMATOR? # PLAN, STUDY AND ENJOY YOUR CIVILS’ PREP

Editor Nagasri Nampally +91 8885053541

Consultant Editor Venu K.Kodimela

Director Vamshikrishna Parlapally +91 9160777888

Design Team Dharmendher.B +91 9700104157 Sarath Chandra Y V +91 9989636399

Advisors Priya Iyengar Dr Y. Naveen Kumar

Dear readers A river is considered to be lifeline of civilization. Right from the Indus Valley Civilization to modern times, human beings depend on the rivers for domestic purposes, farming and industries. Our ancestors worshiped the 12 major rivers as a gift of god. Every 12 years each river is believed to be visited by gods and sages. This August, the Krishna Pushkaralu is observed in southern India. On this celestial occasion, one should make realistic assessment of rivers and identify the measures to rejuvenate them.

In this issue we have covered a single man’s resolve to bring life to a river. Sant Balbir Singh Seechewal, the popular “Eco-Baba,” cleaned up the historic river Kali Bein in Punjab. Without any government support, he proved that ‘where there is a will there is a way’. He is an inspiration to millions of people in the country who worship the rivers.

We would like to remind you that we are just a click away on your smart phone or personal computer with Igniting Minds app on Android. Apart from this you can also be in touch with us on social media – facebook/ ignitingmindsmagazine. Do give us your feedback and suggestions.

Office Address: H No: 1-4-160/1/12, Plot No. 12 Maniksai Enclave, Sainikpuri, Hyderabad, Telangana, India - 500094, Feedback or Queries: +91 8885053541

Happy reading, Igniting Minds team

Printed, Published & Owned by Nampally Nagasri Printed at Bandla Print Solutions, Plot .No. A - 22/1, Road No. 14, I.P, Nacharam, Hyderabad - 500076

Cover Story

Life Skills

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Nourishing Souls

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Are You Early Riser?

Realizing the significance of a river as the life sustaining force, the Hindus worship it in the form of Pushkar .........

Are you an early riser? I know as a reader you might be feeling it’s a crazy question. But have you ever though why people suggest being an early riser?.........

Contents Motivational Story

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Plan, study and enjoy your civils’ prep “Eighteen hours preparation is not necesary to crack the prestigious civil services examination,” said Tarun Reddy Gangireddy, Assitant Commissioner, Customs and Central Excise while talking.........

Handwriting

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Baseline Factor Driving a vehicle, swimming, tracking….. and any skill can be enhanced only with three things..........

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Parenting Key to change Behaviour of a child Most parents seek guidance on how they can change the negative behaviour of their children and encourage more positive ...........

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top of 21 everything

Health & Nutrition

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Drinking Milk Daily

Tallest Bridges in the World

Awards 30 The Grammy Awards In 1958, a group of record executives, alarmed by the explosive success of rock ‘n’ roll ..........

From the very childhood, we often tend to avoid milk without knowing much about the benefits that we can receive from it ..........

Career 34 Awareness Animator Animator is a computer graphics professional responsible in making of movies, video games or cartoonsl ..........

History

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Indian Manuscripts Indian literature dates back to the courts of monarchs over 5000 years ago. ..........

Science

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Magnets Work A magnet is any object that has a magnetic field. It attracts ferrous objects like pieces of iron,..........

Pride of India 42

Country

The man who cleaned 160-km river

Cambodia

Sant Balbir Singh Seechewal is popularly known as “Eco-Baba” ,..........

sPORTS

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Football Football has been around since 1841 in some form or another.,..........

The area that is present-day Cambodia came under Khmer rule about 600, when the region was..........

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Cool Inventions & Guinness World 50 Records Current Affairs 52 Brain Gym

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Events Calendar (August) Sunday

* Pakistan's Independence Day *National Handloom Day,

Tuesday

Monday

07 *World Wide Web Day, *World Breastfeeding Week

Happiness

01

08

*International friendship day,

Wednesday

02

* Poet's Day

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* India's Independence Day

*Be An Angel Day, *Take Your Cat to the Vet Day

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22

*Quit India Movement *National Airborne Day, Day, *Tell A Joke Day *International Adivasi Day.

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*Small Industry Day, *International Whale Shark Day

23 *Ride the Wind Day

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World Watermelon Day

10

*World Lion Day

*Social Security Day,

*Play In The Sand Day,

*Assistance Dog Day

*Son and Daughter Day

04

17

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24

*National Fortnight on Eye Donation

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Friday

Day Women's

Saturday

05

19 International Lefthanders Day

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Day

*Sadbhavana Diwas, *World Mosquito Day

Fresh Breath Day

06

6

* World Photography Day

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*We Love Memoirs Day

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International youth

Oyster Day

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Thrift Shop Day

* Mail Order Catalog Day

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* National Sports Day of India , *Raksha Bandhan.

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* Pluto Demoted Day

03 Thursday

Happens Day

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*Race Your Mouse Around The Icons Day, *Radio Commercials Day

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* World Burger Day

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Birthday Calendar (August) *Ram Mohan Roy (Philosopher 1772 - 1972), *T.V. Ramakrishnan (Physicist 1941)

M. S. Swaminathan

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Ravishankar Raval

01

(painter 1892 - 1977)

(Scientist,7 August 1925)

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08

15

S. R. Ranganathan

Arvind Kejriwal

(Scientists 1861 – 1944)

(Mathematician 1892-1972)

(Chief Minister of Delhi-1968)

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(Poet 1921-1966)

Sri Aurobindo

(Philosopher, 1872-1950)

Prafulla Chandra Ray

02

Devarakonda Balagangadhara Tilak

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Roger Federer

(Tennis player, 1981)

*Swarnakumari Devi (Writer 1855-1935),

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*M.G.K Menon (Physicist 1928)

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Chiranjeevi

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(Film actor, 1955)

Anna Mani

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(Physicist,1918-2001)

Michael Jackson

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(Singer & Dancer, 1958-2009)

*Ravi Shankar Prasad (Minister of Communications and Information Technology,1954)

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*V. V. Giri (Former President of India), *Prem Chand Pandey (1945)

Anu Aga

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( Social Worker, 1942)

*Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu (1927 – 1982)

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Shivaram Rajguru S. Shankar (Film Director-1963)

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(Freedom Fighters 1908-1931)

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Aarudhra.

( Author, 1925-1998)

*Agha Shahi (Diplomat 1920-2006)

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Barack Obama .

(U.S. President 1961)

Aaron Klug

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(Chemist & Biophysicist)

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

(Politician 1900-1990)

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* Hans Adolf Krebs (Scientist 1900-1981)

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*Sitaram Yechury (Politician 1952),

Neil Armstrong

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(Astronaut 1930-2012)

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*Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (1919 –1971)

Mother Teresa

Shankar Dayal Sharma

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(President of India 1918-1999)

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(Religious sister, 1910-1997)

*Dorabji Tata (Businessman, 18591932) Sridevi Kapoor.

Prof.Jayashankar.

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(1931-2011)

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(Film actress 1963)

Rajiv Gandhi.

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(Former PM 1944-1999)

*Carl Bosch (Chemist 1874-1940)

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Cover story

Nourishing Souls

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ealizing the significance of a river as the life sustaining force, the Hindus worship it in the form of Pushkar or Pushkara once in every twelve years.

It is believed that gods and sages take holy dip to purify the rivers so that pilgrims would be relieved from all sins, and perform rituals to departed souls. This year, the Krishna ‘Pushkaralu’ would be observed from August 12 to 23. The Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka governments have made arrangements as thousands of devotees make a beeline and take the holy dip in the river.

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Pushkara or Pushkar is a Sanskrit word derived from the element of Push meaning nourishment and Kara means one who does it. Pushkara is the energy that nourishes. With reference to the sacred rivers, Pushkara means the one who energize the rivers and provides spiritual purification. It also means lotus, sanctified water, swan, sword, sky, lake etc.

In Sri Vishnu Sahasranama Stothram we find a reference to the word Pushkara where Lord Vishnu is referred to as Pushkaraakshah meaning the one who has lotus eyes, the one who provides nourishment to the entire Universe and the one who is always present in sacred Theerthas. In Tirumala Kshethra the water tank near Sri Varahaswamy temple is known as Swamy Pushkarini.

In astrology the word Pushkara referred to as Pushkara Navamsa that purifies and nourishes the quality of the planet placed within it. We also find preference being given for Pushkara Navamsa for a given Lagna that brings strength to the muhurtha chart for a marriage.

Pushkar is a famous pilgrim center known as Pushkara Kshethra located in Rajasthan. It is believed that the Pushkara Lake was the creation of Lord Brahma on the banks of which He performed penance for thousands of years.

Pushkara also indicates the 12 years time factor in Vedic terms. Pushkara or Pushkaram is a festival of a particular river celebrated once in twelve years based on the transit of Jupiter (Brihaspathi) in the zodiac.

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Who is Pushkara?

According to Hindu scriptures, Pushkara is the son of Lord Varuna, the presiding deity of all the rivers. It is said that once Pushkara prayed Lord Brahma and asked him for a boon to live in the sacred waters emanated from the foot of Lord Vishnu with the intention of providing purity to all the theerthas (rivers). Looking at the selfless desire expressed by Pushkara, Lord Brahma granted him the boon to live in the waters of his Kamandalu. Later, Pushkara also performed penance and acquired the Jala Tattva Siddhi from Lord Shiva as a boon. By virtue of the boons acquired from Lord Brahma and Lord Shiva, Pushkara became the King of all theerthas and was regarded as the Theerthapalaka.

Brihaspathi At that time when Pushkara acquired the boons, Brihaspathi (Jupiter) the Devaguru also performed penance and pleased Lord Brahma.

Looking at the perpetual sacredness of Pushkara, Brihaspathi wanted Lord Brahma to spare Pushkara to be with him permanently. But Pushkara was not prepared to go along with Brihaspathi. Then, Lord Brahma resolved the situation by asking Pushkara to be associated with Brihaspathi (Jupiter) for 12 days in the beginning and 12 days at the end of his sojourn in a particular raasi (house) in the zodiac, the transit of which generally happens once in a year. Accordingly, twelve sacred rivers have been identified in which Pushkara enters each river once in twelve years coinciding with the transit period of Jupiter in twelve zodiac signs.

Schedule It has become a custom and tradition since time immemorial to celebrate the transit of Jupiter in a particular house in the zodiac as the Pushkara festival of a particular river. Pushkara schedule starts with the Ganges when Jupiter enters into Mesha Raasi which is the first sign in the zodiac. Pushkara schedule for a particular river will be for one year, however, the first twelve days known as Aadi Pushkara and the last twelve days known as Anthya Pushkara are held to be highly sacred.

Pranahitha (Praneetha) Pisces (Meena) Sindhu (Indus) Aquarius (Kumbha) Thunga Bhadra Capricorn (Makara) Pushkara Vaahini Sagittarius (Dhanus)

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Ganga Aries (Mesha)

Narmada Taurus (Vrushabha)

Transit of Jupiter (Brihaspathi) in the Zodiac Vs Pushkara of the selected Rivers

Bheema Scorpio (Vrischika)

Kaveri Libra (Thula)

Saraswathi Gemini (Mithuna) Yamuna Cancer (Karkataka) Godavari Leo (Simha) Krishna Virgo (Kanya)

Significance Astrologically Jupiter (Brihaspathi) the Devaguru is the most benevolent planet symbolizing the wealth, fortune, learning, knowledge, divinity, progeny, domestic peace, auspiciousness and above all the karaka for occurrence of Pushkaram.

Pushkara Mantra: ‘‘Pippalaadaa sammutpanne; Kruthyeloka bhayankhari

Mrutthikaanthe mayaadatham Aaharaartham prakalpaya;’’

Entry of Pushkara into a particular river signifies the Pushkara festival when, all the Brahmaadi Devathas, all the sages, all the pithru devathas, all the Theerthas in this Bhoomandala including the Ganges enters into that particular river along with Brihaspathi and Pushkara. This time of their entry into a particular river is considered as highly sacred and celestial that has the power to diminish the ghastly and dreadful sins committed. Having darshan, taking bath, touching Pushkara waters, drinking the sacred waters of Pushkara is considered to be highly meritorious and soul cleansing. It is considered as the most sacred time to perform rites to forefathers on the banks of Pushkara river that will help them to attain salvation.

Duties Our ancient seers have prescribed certain austerities to be observed during Pushkara time known as Pushkara Vidhi. Most important are Pushkara Snana (taking bath), Pushkara Vaasa (staying), Pushkara Darshana, Siro Mundana (tonsuring of head), Fasting, Pushkara Pithru Karma, and Pushkara Dana (charity).

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Pushkara Snana In Hindu philosophy a lot of significance is given for taking bath which is Nithya karma and that too in a flowing river is considered as the paramount. It is said that during Pushkara all the Brahmaadi Devathas, Sages and Pithru Devathas will be residing in that Theertha (River) along with Brihaspathi and Pushkara. During Pushkara all the theerthas in the Universe will be entering into that particular river and will be flowing as Antarvahini.

Taking bath in a Pushkara river will help to cleanse the inner selves, wash out the evil tendencies and open up a path for a righteous living.

This bath should be taken early in the morning before sunrise during Brahmi Muhurtham which is highly meritorious time. It is believed that Pushkara Snana also has curative properties from chronic ill health. After Pushkara Snana one has to pray and give Arghya to the concerned Pushkara Theertha (River), Theertha Raja (Pushkara), Brihaspathi, Lord Vishnu who is eternally present in all the Theerthas, Brahmaadi Devathas, Vasishtaadi sages, Gangaadi rivers and the Sun God.

Pithru Karma Pithru Yagna like performing Pithru Shraaddha, Tharpana have been prescribed to get discharged from Pithru Runa. This has been in vogue since time immemorial and even Avathara Purushas like Lord Rama and Lord Parashurama have performed Pithru karma. Performing Pithru Karma during Pushkara days also forms part of the Pithru Yagna which is considered as highly sacred and meritorious. Only those who have lost their parents are eligible to perform the sacred rites to their forefathers. Pithru karma during Pushkara days has to be performed for all the deceased (Sarva Pithru). It has to be performed on the banks of the sacred Pushkara river like a Theertha Shraaddha.

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This has to be performed preferably in the form of Anna Sraaddha with Pinda Pradhana and Brahmana Bhojana. Hiranya Sraaddha is also in vogue where instead of rice, wheat flour is used for making Pindas and instead of Brahmana Bhojana they will be offered Dakshina. Pushkara sraaddha can be performed on any day during the 12 day period of Pushkaram, or on the 9th day or on the Pithru thithi day if it coincides except on the day of Ekaadasi.

It is believed that forefathers will descend on Earth during Pushkara days and will reside on the banks of Pushkara river longing for their off-spring to perform Pithru Sraaddha. Performing Pushkara sraaddha, one will be bestowed with blessings from forefathers, peace and prosperity to the family.

Pushkara Dana During Pushkara Dana can be given to Brahmins in the form of Dasa Dana (10) or Shodasa Dana (16). Some of the charities prescribed are as follows.

Anna dana, gold, silver, land, rice, ghee, jaggery, honey, sacred texts, clothes, footwear, umbrella, hand stick, fan, bedding, fruits, bell, brass/ silver vessel, mat, fresh grains, milk, cow, salagrama and pinda daana.

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Life Skills

Are You Early Riser?

“The early bird catches the worm.”

Are you an early riser? I know as a reader you might be feeling it’s a crazy question. But have you ever though why people suggest being an early riser?

While writing this article I remembered my childhood days. To be honest, I still don’t “enjoy” mornings. I mean, waking up is hard to do. Like most of you I too never liked to wake up early in the morning, when my father used to drag me up every day from my bed at 6.00 Am. He used to teach me subjects especially tables. I remember those sleepy and lazy memories. But the truth is the benefits of waking up early have turned me into a believer. If you’re not convinced, here are my top reasons why waking up early is good for you.

Benefits of waking up early 1. Gets you extra time By waking up early morning, you gain extra time in the day. If you wake up two hours early, rather than sleeping for 8 or even 10 hours, you’ll gain two precious hours that you can put to use.

Two extra hours might mean time to study difficult lessons or chapters, exercise, brush your teeth or rinse your body properly, write a short story, or pursue a hobby.

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Aakanksha Tunk Corporate Trainer

2. Enhances your productivity Some of the most successful people in the world are early risers. It’s simple, if you wake up early, you get more done.

In 2010, Christoph Randler, a biologist from Harvard found that early risers are more proactive.

When presented with statements such as “I spend time identifying long-range goals for myself”, an early riser is more likely to agree.

How does waking up early help productivity?

◆ There are fewer distractions in the early hours of the day so you can achieve more with minimal interruptions. ◆ After a good night’s sleep, your brain is charged and ready to work hard. You are at your efficient best and will get things done quicker and better.

◆ Early risers are also better at making decisions, planning and setting goals.

◆ Waking up early may find you grumpy in the beginning but once you get used to it, you will have more energy to take on the day.

3. Gets you better grades It is plain and simple. If you’re studying, you should know that research conducted in 2008 by Texas University found that students who consistently woke up early each day actually scored better test scores and overall grade points, in comparison to those who slept in all the time. Of course this is not simply a result of waking up early but when you wake up early you’re more likely to take part in a fixed routine, and most importantly eat a good breakfast.

4. You will lead a happy life I am not just referring to being happier for those 15 minutes in the morning, but rather they are happier with life overall. Night owl tendencies tend to fade as people age, and the study says this switch to a morning-focused schedule could be why older adults are happier than younger ones.

The study involved two groups: the first was made up of 435 adults in the age group of 7 to 38, and the second 297 in the age group of 59 to 79. Both groups answered questions about their emotional state, how healthy they feel and their preferred “time of day.” The study found that “morningness” was associated with greater happiness in both age groups.

5. Gives you better mental health If you are an early raiser then you will lead a stress free life by eliminating the need to rush in the mornings and a much better attitude.

Studies have shown “morning people” are often more positive, more optimistic and more likely to experience satisfaction in their lives.

While several night owls are known for their creativity, they can also pay the price by becoming more likely to succumb to depression and other psychological problems.

it. It’s true that the first few days of waking up early are likely to be difficult, but once the routine is set, it’s not that difficult. And being a night owl is not really that productive, it just mistakenly seems that way– a fact that becomes evident once you’re used to the habit of starting your day early.

If you’re already an early riser, congratulations! Waking up early is a difficult habit to establish, and as difficult to re-establish once you lapse at an hour that might initially seem quite ungodly.

All of these benefits of waking up early fuse together into one great benefit – the benefit is possibly living a longer, healthier life. So, waking up early may be hard but with baby steps, even if it’s just waking up 15 minutes earlier to start with – you can start improving your quality of life. If you have an issue in waking up here are few tips below.

To sum it all up…

You know the old saying “Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise”. It’s true.

Many people mistakenly believe that they’re night owls and that waking early has no real benefit for them. This is a rather widely-held misconception. Anyone can wake up early, once they’ve got used to

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How to get out of bed in 60 seconds

1. Drink Water Leave a glass by your nightstand and chug the moment you open your eyes. Not only is it refreshing, but it’s a great way to wake up that metabolism and rehydrate your body. Just think about it, you’ll have one of your eight glasses of drinking water quote done before you even brush your teeth.

2. Alarm Clock Placement Keep the alarm clock far end of your bed so that when it rings you are forced to wake up and switch off. Use the snooze for every 10 minutes so that it keeps ringing till you switch it off.

3. Open all the windows Open all the windows and blinds in your room and sleep so that you are forced to wake up due to the morning sunlight.

4. Early to bed early to rise As the old saying goes “Early to bed and early to rise makes a person health, wealthy and wise”. Go to bed early so that you get enough sleep.

5. Implement a routine Establishing a schedule can help clue our bodies in to what’s to come. Maintaining a regular evening routine will help chill you out and let your mind know that it’s nearly time to fall asleep.

6. Eat and drink smart Some experts caution against going to bed too full or too hungry, as the discomfort may keep you awake. The same goes for drinking. Sipping too much before bed can cause mid-slumber trips to the bathroom, and caffeine and alcohol in particular have been shown to disrupt sleep.

7. Try an app There are several apps that promise to get you out of bed in the a.m. For example, “Wake n Shake” makes you shake your phone in order to turn off the app, while “Better Me” shares your failure to your Facebook every time you hit snooze. There are also apps, like “Sleep Cycle”, that use motion sensors to monitor your movement and determine the best time to wake you within a preset window.

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Moral story

Struggles of our Life

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nce upon a time a daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable and that she didn’t know how she was going to make it. She was tired of fighting and struggling all the time. It seemed just as one problem was solved, another one soon followed. Her father, a chef, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire.

Once the three pots began to boil, he placed potatoes in one pot, eggs in the second pot and ground coffee beans in the third pot. He then let them sit and boil, without saying a word to his daughter. The daughter, moaned and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing. After twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He took the potatoes out of the pot and placed them in a bowl. He pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl.

He then ladled the coffee out and placed it in a cup.

Turning to her, he asked. “Daughter, what do you see?” “Potatoes, eggs and coffee,” she hastily replied.

“Look closer”, he said, “and touch the potatoes.”

She did and noted that they were soft.

He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard-boiled egg.

Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. Its rich aroma brought a smile to her face.

“Father, what does this mean?” she asked.

He then explained that the potatoes, the eggs and coffee beans had each faced the same adversity-the boiling water. However, each one reacted differently. The potato went in strong, hard and unrelenting, but in boiling water, it became soft and weak. The egg was fragile, with the thin outer shell protecting its liquid interior until it was put in the boiling water. Then the inside of the egg became hard. However, the ground coffee beans were unique. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and created something new.

“Which one are you?” he asked his daughter. “When adversity knocks on your door, how do you respond? Are you a potato, an egg, or a coffee bean?”

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Motivational Story

Plan, study and enjoy your civils’ prep “Eighteen hours preparation is not necesary to crack the prestigious civil services examination,” said Tarun Reddy Gangireddy, Assitant Commissioner, Customs and Central Excise while talking about his secret mantra. He had secured 488th rank and opted for the Indian Revenue Service (IRS). A wanderlust, trekker and adventure sport enthusiast, Tarun enjoyed preparing for the ‘civils’ and thankful to his parents for their unstinted support in choosing his career.

He spoke to Igniting Minds about his efforts to join the civil services.

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“Our family hails from Pandurangapuram in Khammam district.

My father Gangireddy Ramanuja Reddy was a public prosecutor and got transferred every two - three years. As a result I studied in several schools -- LKG and UKG in Kothagudem, first to third standard at Manthani and fourth to ninth standard in St Gabriel at Warangal. After we moved to Hyderabad, I studied tenth standard at Gurukul Vidyapeet and Intermediate --Nalanda Junior College.

After getting B.Tech (Biotechnology) from Vaagdevi Engineering College at Warangal in 2004, I left for New Zealand to pursue MBA. On my return, I joined the private sector.

During those days, I used to think about future and strived for an identity of my own. I wanted to do something for the country, society and people. It took six months to decide the future course of action.

Initially, I joined a coaching centre in Hyderabad and studied for two months. Then I realised that self preparation is the option. In 2012, I cleared prelims and could not clear the mains. Then I decided to give another try and scored 488 rank in the exam in 2013.

I went to the National Academy of Customs and Narcotics (NACEN) at Faridabad. After the training, I was posted as Assistant Commissioner in Hyderabad.

Preparation Everybody believes that ‘civils’ is difficult; one should study 18 hours a day and go to a coaching centre. I believe that such preparation makes one weak physically and mentally. I used to study 6 to 8 hours and take a break on Sundays.

Self motivation is most important to achieve your goals. It is difficult to find someone who encourages you all the time. As we brush teeth, take bath, and have food, we have to motivate ourselves all the time to reach the goal.

Many try to discourage you. You pick up good things and discard negative thinking. I faced a peculiar situation during those days. One of my friends used to call me and make fun of my attempt to crack the examination.

One day when he addressed me as ‘IAS, IPS and IRS,’ I said, “Yes.” He was shocked with my reply.

He said I was behaving as if I got selected in the exam. I told him that I was convinced that I would | IGNITING MINDS ◆

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be selected and just waiting for the results. After that incident, he did not dare to discourage me again.

I enjoyed preparation for the exam. If you have a timetable and fixed timings for study, it is easy to clear the examination. I have chosen sociology as an optional subject.

Memorable Moments After i got selected in the IRS i went to St Gabriel School for a flag hoisting ceremony on January 26 and attended a seminar hosted in my Engineering College as guest.

Goals and Advice Our goals change with times. When I was kid, I dreamt of becoming a pilot.

Later I wanted to be a cricketer. After reaching maturity, our choice becomes important. Similarly, we should also take part in sports, extracurricularactivities and meet new people. Reading books helps us to widen our horizon and understand others. I love travelling, adventure sports and trekking.

Igniting Minds team with Tarun Reddy Gangireddy

Inspiration My father is an inspiration. He is a guide, philosopher and hero. After I decided to give up job and try ‘civils,’ he cheerfully accepted the decision and supported me.

A word to the parents Parents should not force their ideas on their children. They should try to convince them about the best option available to them. They should tell them about successful people in the field. Still if they are not interested, don’t force your ideas on them. “Education is not life but only part of life.”

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Tarun Reddy with his parents

TALLEST BR DGES In The World

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ne of the greatest achievements of human beings is the construction of highest bridges in the world. This indicates the greatest engineering work of highly competent experts in the world and also conveys a message that nothing is impossible. These bridges are wonderful and amazing structure that are made to connect to place in very high condition. One of the problems with the height is the gravity itself. Following are the 10 highest bridges of the world.

1. Millau Viaduct Bridge – France The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed bridge that spans the valley of the River Tarn near Millau in southern France.

Construction started: Oct 16, 2001 Opened: 2004 Height: 343 m Total length: 2,460 m Bridge type: Cable-stayed bridge Location: France, Millau

2. Russky Bridge - Russia The Russky Bridge is a bridge built across the Eastern Bosphorus strait, to serve the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation conference that took place in Vladivostok in 2012.

3. Sutong Yangtze River Bridge - China The Sutong Yangtze River Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge that spans the Yangtze River in China between Nantong and Changshu, a satellite city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu province.

Total length: 8,206 m Opened: May 25, 2008 Height: 306 m Location: Nantong Bridge type: Cable-stayed

Bridge

Construction started: 2008 Total length: 3,100 m Opened: July 2012 Height: 321 m Location: Vladivostok Bridge type: Cable-stayed bridge

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Handwriting

Y.Mallikarjuna Rao Director, National Handwriting Academy

Baseline Factor D

riving a vehicle, swimming, tracking….. and any skill can be enhanced only with three things. 1. Techniques, 2. Interest and 3. Practice. Handwriting is no exception to that. Following are the techniques which play a vital role in improving handwriting skills.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Proper positions Standard letters Exact connections Technical spacing Meaningful spacing Uniform right slant and Perfect poaseline

From the above mentioned seven techniques, except the last technique – Baseline – all the previous techniques are discussed very clearly in the previous issues. All the techniques are inter dependent.

Which means, the last technique works only with the effective implementation of all the previous techniques.

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Baseline: The line that acts as a “Base” to our letters is called ‘Baseline’. It helps reader to have an effortless reading. While writing upper case letters, write them exactly resting on the printed line of single ruled paper.

When the letters are written slightly above the baseline or below it, writing leads to illegibility.

In the case of cursive capital letters, two letters G and J are written little below the baseline. All the other 24 letters are written just touching the baseline.

3.Cursive small letters:

When it comes to cursive lower case letters, 13 middle zone letters – a, c, e, I, m, n, o, r, s, u, v, w, x and 6 upper zone letters b, d, h, k, l, t are written just resting on the baseline. Remaining 7 letters, which are called lower zone letters are written till 50% of the bottom two printed lines.

2. Write all the upper zone letters except ‘f’ and create few words with the combination of middle and upper zone letters.

These lower zone letters are divided into two categories. Firstly g, p, q, y which has got some part in them to rest on the baseline. Secondly j, z, y which does not process any ‘base’ to rest on baseline.

Exercises for practice: 1. Write all the block letters just resting on the baseline. But do not let them touch the top printed lines of the single ruled paper. i.e., write in 90% height within the two lines.

1. Write all the 13 middle zone letters resting on the base line and create few words purely with the combination of middle zone letters.

3. Write lower zone letters in two categories and practice few words with the combination of middle and lower zone letters.

2. Write all the cursive capital letter except g, j on the baseline. These are peculiar letters from cursive capitals family which move slightly below the baseline.

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Parenting

Key to change Behaviour of a child

M

ost parents seek guidance on how they can change the negative behaviour of their children and encourage more positive behaviour. We have held workshops at ‘Inner Space’ focusing on behaviour modification addressing these concerns.

Behaviour modification is the process applied to enable the child and parents to methodically bring about the required changes. It involves setting up rules of actions and consequent positive or negative repercussions. Positive behaviour gets rewards while negative behaviour gets no rewards.

This is also what we often do in life naturally. However, more often than not we do it inconsistently.

How to recognize Inconsistency in disciplining How many times have we promised something to our child to get him off our back and then refused or simply forgotten to do it? ‘You’re busy and your child comes pestering you about the new toy all his friends have. He goes on and on and on about all its exciting features and all that he plans to do with it. You just have to get that report done or perhaps your vegetables are burning on the stove and that is just not the time you can pay any attention to your child. So you tell him that you’ll get it for him and he finally lets you be. It’s such a relief that you can get back to your work and have managed to quieten the persistent nagging demands. The next day he insists that you take him to the mall and get him the toy you promised. And only then do you realise that you don’t have time for it, the toy is just too expensive or simply unnecessary. You refuse to make the purchase. Does this story sound familiar? Do you also find yourself failing to honour the commitments you carelessly or perhaps unwittingly made to your child? And is it okay to do so simply because he/she is just a child?

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A similar story happens with punishments. You threaten the child ‘if you don’t complete your homework, no TV for you tonight”, “No more chocolates for you”. Then the child cries or makes a cute face and you give in, either with a warning to not repeat the behaviour next time or to just make him stop throwing a tantrum.

Effect of inconsistency on disciplining Inconsistency in disciplining makes the child lose trust in our word.

Our promises and our threats seem empty as there is just no surety that we will actually do what we say we will. This makes us unreliable and makes it difficult for the child to take us seriously. How can he?

Sadia Saeed Raval Inner Space

If you don’t do what you say, how is your child expected to do what you say?

The most important factor in ensuring the success of behaviour modification and a general thumb rule in dealing with children is “CONSISTENCY”. First and foremost we need to learn to listen to ourselves and only then can we teach the children to listen to us.

What makes consistency in disciplining important?

Consistency is following through on your word – be it a reward or punishment, every single time, without exceptions or excuses. It provides structure and security to the child as he knows for sure what is or is not going to happen. It also helps him to understand the cause-effect relationships in life, which then teaches responsibility and accountability. It builds trust and reliability. As the child understands that rules will be applied firmly and he can’t get his way around it, it will minimize arguments and tantrums and allow for more discipline. As the child ses the rewards coming with equal consistency and surety, it will also enhance co-operation.

Consistency of behaviour is one of the most important virtues we can develop in ourselves and promote in our children. So next time you say something, listen to yourself.

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Health & Nutrition

Drinking

Milk Daily F

rom the very childhood, we often tend to avoid milk without knowing much about the benefits that we can receive from it. But as we grow, we face various health problems related to deficit calcium, essential nutrients and more.

Moreover, most of the people decrease their milk intake as they are not aware of the fact that a glass of milk works wonder for both children as well as adults. It has been seen in various health experiments that just a glass of milk is equal to a meal.

If you are eager to know the benefits of drinking milk daily, then here is some useful information about the nutrients of milk.

Healthy growth of muscle:

Mukta Agrawal Senior Nutritionist “INLIFE Healthcare”

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The nutrients of milk are extremely important to help in building healthy muscle. The high amount of protein which is there in the milk encourages the building of muscle.

It is seen that most of the sportsperson consume milk in good amount to make sure they get enough benefits from the protein. Milk even helps in curing injured muscles.

Besides obtaining lots of protein, the people who consume milk daily can get the benefits of its rich nutrients. Milk helps in gaining weight but in a balanced manner.

The essential minerals obtained from milk are required for kids and grown-ups. The fluids in the body get restocked, and it also resists physical pain. Milk is a healthy substitute for a meal for those who are associated with sports like weight lifting and body building. Milk keeps their body extremely hydrated throughout the day and even during hard working and practice sessions. Milk also works as the best energy booster than any other sports drinks.

Prevents Osteoporosis: Drinking milk benefits include decreasing the risk of a bone ailment known as osteoporosis. This condition is generally seen in women who are above 30 years of age. In this condition, the bone loses its strength and density. The bone becomes fragile as this condition causes a large amount of tissue damage. When calcium or Vitamin D deficiency occurs within the body, osteoporosis may attack. To restore the requirement of vitamin D and to increase the calcium percentage within the body, one should intake milk on a daily basis. This helps the bones to hold their strength and thereby make a person strong enough to fight or prevent Osteoporosis.

Health Bone

Osteoporosis

Promotes weight loss: It is seen that those who want to lose weight fast, milk helps them a lot. Irrespective of the type of milk, whether it is skimmed, toned or simple full-fat milk, it helps one to lose weight. The fact behind this is that a glass of milk often gives the sense of fullness for a long time, and hence, it prevents one from the junk snacks, in between the meals.

Benefits of drinking milk are far fetching. Just a glass of milk will provide you with all the essential nutrients that a body requires and that too half of the calories that one gets from a full meal.

Provides healthy bones: Milk provides extremely strong bones because of its calcium content.

Our bones require calcium to be in good condition, and milk alone can provide the rich calcium to the bones. Therefore, if you want to prevent yourself from any sort of bone problems, then it is required to include milk within your daily diet. Bone fractures and some other problems like bone dislocation are generally faced by those who do not take milk daily and suffer weak bone condition.

Better teeth: Teeth also require a high amount of calcium which can be obtained from the milk calcium. Calcium is the important factor for making the teeth strong. It is to be noted that calcium can be taken only if your body has an adequate amount of vitamin D. The decaying and premature breaking of the teeth can be prevented if you take milk daily. Milk also builds up a protection shield against cavities and decaying, besides protecting the teeth enamel. Milk also strengthens the weak gums and also stops gum bleeding.

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Lightens the complexion: The various mineral and essential vitamins that can be obtained from the milk, help in retaining the skin fairness and glow. Milk makes our skin feel soft and provide a smooth texture to our skin and hence it is often used as the natural beauty treatment technique. Milk acts as a cleansing agent which purifies our internal system thereby making out skin blemish-free.

Stress Buster: Drinking milk benefits consist of relieving stress with its various vitamins and minerals. Milk works best for increasing the energy level by diminishing the tiredness, even after a hard working day. Milk is known to revitalize the body, and even a cold milkshake can rejuvenate you fully. Milk soothes the tensions of the nerves and the tensed muscles. Milk is the best medicine for those who suffer from insomnia and provides sound sleep.

Fights various diseases: This is a much aware fact that milk can prevent and fight various diseases and thereby helps us to live a healthy life. Various diseases related to heart like stroke and high blood pressure level can be controlled by milk.

The terrible feeling of migraine pain is reduced by milk besides preventing some sorts of cancers. Cholesterol level also stays within control with daily consumption of milk.

Heartburn is controlled: There are a large number of foods that cause irritation due to acidity. Milk is the best healer that can be used for acidity. Neutralizing property of milk gives a person a great relief from heartburn.

Hydrates the human body: Benefits of drinking milk consist of hydrating the full body throughout the day. With the mineral content and other nutrients, milk keeps the body’s hydration intact. The water content gets optimized if we take milk regularly. Even after hard exercises, one can have a full glass of warm milk to revive the energy back. Drinking milk benefits are really abundant in number, besides maintaining the best bone health within a human body.

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WATER AVAILABILITY

T

he water needed to supply an irrigation scheme is taken from a water source. The most common sources of water for irrigation include rivers, reservoirs and lakes, and groundwater.

The image below a bird's-eye view of different irrigation water sources.

■ Of this 3%, Over 2.5% is frozen, locked up in Antarctica, the Arctic and Glaciers, and not available to man.

Humanity must rely only on the 0.5% for all of it’s & ecosystem’s freshwater needs

And did you Also Know

71% Of the earth’s surface is covered by water and the rest 29% by land.

■Earth’s approximate water volume (the total water supply of the world) is 1,360,000.000 km’ (326,000,000 mi’)

The Global situation

■The Antarctic ice sheet contains

But Where is this 0.5% of Water ?

97.8% aquifers, groundwater resources

Major Water consumers Global estimates Agriculture 70-90 % The most important use of water in agriculture is for irrigation, which is a key component to produce food.

Irrigation takes up to 90% of water usage in some developing countries.

1.16% land rainfall

Industry 16%

0.89% Natural lakes

0.05% Manmade reservoirs

0.02% Rivers

Includes water that passes through hydroelectric power generation facilities.

Domestic 14% Civilization has historically flourished around rivers and major waterways. Water is an integral component of all domestic use around the world.

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Awards

The Grammy

awards Honouring Musicians A gilded gramophone trophy, which is popularly known as Grammy Award, recognizes outstanding achievement in the music industry.

Instituted on May 4, 1959, the Grammy Awards honour the musical accomplishments by performers from different parts of the world.

The awards have their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project.

As the recording executives chosen for the Walk of Fame committee worked at compiling a list of people who might qualify for a Walk of Fame star, they realized there were many more people who were leaders in their own field who would never earn a star on Hollywood Boulevard.

The music executives decided to rectify this by creating an award given by their industry similar to the Oscars and the Emmys. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Then they decided on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards.

Then and now The first Grammy Award ceremony was held on May 4, 1959, in the Grand Ballroom of the Beverly Hills Hotel. There were 28 award categories, and aside from one nominee each in the Best Country & Western Performance (The Everly Brothers) and Best Rhythm & Blues Performance (The Champs) categories, nary a rock ‘n’ roller can be found among the nominees. Instead, the Best Vocal Performance nominees included names like Frank Sinatra, Andy Williams, Perry Como, Doris Day,

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Eydie Gorm, and Keely Smith. By contrast, the 1997 awards saw Grammys given to winners in 91 categories, and rock, soul, and hip-hop performers have long since replaced the crooners and pop songbirds of the ’50s.

At the first Grammy Awards in 1959, Domenico Modugno beat out Frank Sinatra and Peggy Lee for the Record of the Year with “Volare.” It also was Song of the Year. The first Album of the Year went to Henry Mancini. Best Vocal Performance awards went to Ella Fitzgerald and Perry Como.

Goes International The 2008 Grammy Awards held on February 10 was telecasted to an international audience of over 1.5 billion in 170 countries. Amy Winehouse scooped up 5 awards including Song of the Year for Rehab. Kanye West won four Grammy Awards, while Bruce Springsteen won three. Carrie Underwood, Justin Timberlake, Mary J Blige and The White Stripes each won two awards.

Most Grammys won At the first Grammy Awards in 1959, Domenico Modugno beat out Frank Sinatra and Peggy Lee for the Record of the Year with “Volare.” It also was Song of the Year. The first Album of the Year went to Henry Mancini. Best Vocal Performance awards went to Ella Fitzgerald and Perry Como.

Quincy Jones is the all-time most nominated Grammy artist with 77 nominations. He has won the second-most number of Grammys (27) – Alison Krauss is third with 26 awards. In 1997, Kenneth “Babyface” Edmonds equaled Michael Jackson’s 1984 record for the most Grammy nomination in one year (12). The late conductor Sir Georg Solti is the most honored Grammy artist with 31 awards.

Top selling singles The top selling singles of all time are Elton John’s “Candle in the Wind ’97”, at more than 33 million, Bing Crosby’s “White Christmas” -- 30 million, and Bill Haley’s “Rock Around the Clock” - 25 million.

Most Grammys won At the first Grammy Awards in 1959, Domenico Modugno beat out Frank Sinatra and Peggy Lee for the Record of the Year with “Volare.” It also was Song of the Year. The first Album of the Year went to Henry Mancini. Best Vocal Performance awards went to Ella Fitzgerald and Perry Como.

Quincy Jones is the all-time most nominated Grammy artist with 77 nominations. He has won the second-most number of Grammys (27) – Alison Krauss is third with 26 awards.

In 1997, Kenneth “Babyface” Edmonds equaled Michael Jackson’s 1984 record for the most Grammy nomination in one year (12). The late conductor Sir Georg Solti is the most honored Grammy artist with 31 awards.

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Top selling singles The top selling singles of all time are Elton John’s “Candle in the Wind ’97”, at more than 33 million, Bing Crosby’s “White Christmas” -- 30 million, and Bill Haley’s “Rock Around the Clock” - 25 million.

Award winners

from India Eight Indians received the Grammy Awards as of date.

Pt. Ravi Shankar He won Grammy five times including the Lifetime Achievement Award. ◆ Best Music Performance (West meets East) with Yehudi Menuhin in 1967 ◆ Album of the Year (The Concert for Bangladesh) in 1973 ◆ Best World Musical Album category in 2002 ◆ Best World Musical Album in 2013 ◆ Lifetime Achievement Award in 2013

Zakri Hussain He is a world renowned tabla player. He worked with Mickey Hart, Sikiru Adepoju and Giovanni Hidalgo on the Global Drum Project in 2007.

The Global Drum Project won the 2009 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary World Music Album.

T H Vinayakram He is an award winning percussionist and credited with popularising Ghatam, an earthen pot. He received a Grammy Award in 1991 for Best World Music Album for his participation in Mickey Hart’s “Planet Drum” in which he played ghatam and morsing.

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Viwshwa Mohan Bhatt Bhatt plays the Mohan veena. He won Grammy in 1994 for the album - A Meeting by the River- in Best World Music Album category. He worked with R Cooder on this album.

A R Rahman A R Rahman won two Grammy awards in Best Song and Best sound Track categories for the film Slum Dog Millionaire.

P A Deepak Deepak is Mix engineer and record producer. He won the 2010 Grammy award in category of Best Compilation Sound track for Visual media for the film Slum Dog Millionaire.

Ricky Kej He won the Grammy for his album ‘Winds of Samsara’ in 2015. Previously Kej composed sound tracks for several Kannada feature films.

H Sridhar Sridhar, a sound engineer, won Grammy award for “Jai Ho” song from the movie Slum Dog Millionaire.

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Career Awareness

A

nimator is a computer graphics professional responsible in making of movies, video games or cartoons by moving thousand of immaculately prepared drawings or models of animals or People with the help of computers or other electronic means.

The word Animator may sound a little lesser known to a common person but if we take the names of the remarkable characters like Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Tom &Jerry to name a few, it will become very easy to make them understood who is an animator as all these characters are handy work of some dedicated animator.

Animatorcreates these characters through his or her imagination, drawing skill and make them run like living beings with the help of numerous software to the utmost liking of the people and the children community in particular. Animation as a industry and animators as a profession are one of the fastest growing field in the 21st century.

To become a successful animator one should possess excellent creativity and equally matching drawing skills. Animators are able to create characters for a variety of projects like movies, television, advertisements and so on. An animator’s task is to read the script carefully, study the storyboard and try to get into the skin of the character to have a feel of it means he or she should be able to understand the character before starting its creation. If one thinks that he has the knack of feeling the character in advance then there is ample of job opportunities rather great demand of such professionals, as it is a growing industry and has become a popular feature in movies and advertising.

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Animation can be further classified into some specific categories like 2D,3D, puppet animation,clay animation, sand animation, vegetable animation to name a few . To create the characters for various kinds of animation one has to go through a hole process that involves creating large number of drawings, and scanning them into the computer and importing them into the software that helps in setting the timing and layers for the scanned sequence of images.

Some of the common software that are used to create 2D animations are Toonz Harlequin,Adobe Flash, Cel Action, Anime Studio, Toon Boom Animation, Animaker etc. Where as to create 3D animations the software required are 3ds Max (Autodesk), Softimage IXSI (Avid), MAYA (Autodesk) etc.

So those who are dreaming of becoming animator should not only be good drawing artists but also have full knowledge of these software. To be successful in this ever growing field of animation one has to undergo special training of nearly Six months to anyear. To be an Animator one has to follow the below given path.

Eligibility 1. Educational Qualification.

Though no specific Educational qualification is required to be an Animator except basic sketching skills and a passion for animation but to work with a reputed organization one shouldpreferably have a degree or diploma in animation. However, higher the qualification and more the experience of the Animator wider will be the scope for him to get the work in reputed organisations.

2. Age Minimum age to work in organized sector is 18 years and Maximum age is from 25 to 40 years depending upon the organization one is applying.

How to become an Animator?

To become an Animator one has to follow the below given steps:

Step 1 After passing plus two of course in any stream and preferably in the field of arts one should apply for the degree or diploma course in animation which is being offered by many institutions throughout the country now a day on first come first basis.

However some reputed institutes with limited seats may take an aptitude test before granting admission in their institutions.

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Step 2

Career prospects

After completion of his graduation in the relevant filed one can join some organisation to get some on job experience or he may also go for the post graduation course in the animations offered by quite a few reputed institutions in India like Industrial design Center (IDC), IndianInstitute of Technology (IIT) and National Institute of Design (NID).Only graduate of architecture, technology and engineering, fine arts can apply for the PGcourse in these institutes.

It may be bit tough to get a desired job for a fresher but it is so in every field. A bit of experience and a strong portfolio of work can get you a job of your liking and help you becoming a successful animator.

Step 3

Animator Salary

The aspirant has to take an entrance test to get admission in these post graduate courses However, some institution may provide admission on the marks obtained in the qualifying examination and also on one first come first bases.

A fresh animator can get any were nearly Rs15,000 to Rs.20,000 to start with. With littleexperience and his creative skill can get as high as Rs.1,00,000 and even more then that.

Step 4 After completing the course one can applying against the vacancies lying vacant in variousmultimedia companies working in the field of animation or one can also work as a free lancer or go for his own enterprises in the related field.

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History

Indian

Manuscripts

I

ndian literature dates back to the courts of monarchs over 5000 years ago. Back then literature was not in the form of written texts as we know it today, but in the form of oral poetry, song, and verse. Classical Indian languages were warehouses of ancient wisdom that were stocked by folklore imagination. The literature of ancient India was based in inquiry into questions about life, death and nature. Even mathematics, astronomy, cosmology and science were keenly inspected. The act of passing down knowledge took place in the gurukuls (schools) of the monarchs of Indian antiquity and is known as the oral tradition.

The oral tradition The body of shared knowledge was passed down from generation to generation in an oral tradition that remained unbroken for centuries, nay- millennia. In fact until quite recently literature reached its audience through performance and experience, which is how even people who do not know how to read and write are very informed about their own culture.

In the oral tradition before written language, long texts of histories and ideas were memorised and passed down from mouth to ear. Each text would use a mnemonic system (an auditory learning aid) to help

the memoriser remember such a large volume of knowledge.

Every generation made their additions to the body of work but no modifications were made to original texts simply because it would mean changing the tune of the song.

The written tradition Writing played a very important role in the knowledge based societies of ancient times. Documenting became a necessity as civilised life became more complex. Writing was a convenient way of transmitting information and a reliable means of keeping historical records. The representation of language in a textual medium dates at around 4000 BC.

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Writing played a very important role in the knowledge based societies of ancient times. Documenting became a necessity as civilised life became more complex. Writing was a convenient way of transmitting information and a reliable means of keeping historical records. The representation of language in a textual medium dates at around 4000 BC. The long texts that were transmitted orally gradually began to be recorded on copper plates, birch, palm leaves, and even paper. The oral tradition continued to be a means of learning the Vedas but has been passed down to us through a large collection of manuscripts.

Sanskrit has no native script because it was spoken in a purely oral society. When it was written the scripts used by regional scribes were used and therefore virtually all major writing systems have been used to create Sanskrit manuscripts. Also, many original Sanskrit texts were translated into many different Indian languages as this tradition of documenting the existing oral tradition was considered essential to propagating knowledge and language.

One of the oldest bodies of text in the world are the Vedas that were created between 1500 – 500 BC. During that time the language of the street was called Vedic. The Vedas are written in Classical Sanskrit, a complex form of Vedic. Around the 4th century a grammarian known as Panini wrote a book called Panniyam, which contained 3,959 linguistic rules. This transformed Classical Sanskrit into what is called Modern Sanskrit.

The manuscripts of India India is said to have the largest collection of manuscripts in the world scattered all across the country. Indian manuscripts were written in a variety of languages and scripts that have survived till today.

These are in the Grantha, Devanagiri, Nandinagiri, and Telegu scripts and multiple languages. The heritage and history of India is well documented in these treasures.

There is a big difference in the way we store information in the digital age and how the people of ancient India did it. A palm leaf was the most common form of paper. The center rib of a palm frond was removed leaving two strips. The strips were pressed flat and trimmed to one size before being smoothed down by sandpaper.

Scribes would use a sharp instrument to actually carve the writing into the surface of the leaf. The nearly invisible text was made visible by covering the leaf with a black pigment like carbon black. After the leaf was cleaned, the residue remained in these scratches and made the writing visible.

The scribes would delicately write on both sides of the strip of palm leaf.

These pages were then bound together by a string either at one end of the strip so it could fan out, or read like a book as we do now. The front and back cover of the manuscript would always be a hard material in order for protection. These covers were most often adorned and sometimes even made of precious materials such as ivory.

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Illuminated manuscripts Recording and documenting history and culture was not restricted to the Indian subcontinent. The ancient Egyptians were using a similar technique on papyrus and the Mesopotamians as well. During the rise of Christianity around 400 AD, manuscripts began to feature small images and colourful decoration that would illustrate the text. A text with miniature paintings along with illustrations that framed the text in a box is known as an illuminated manuscript.

This tradition came to India by 800 AD. Jain, Hindu, and Buddhist traditions of illuminated manuscripts exist in various parts of India. However it became the dominant style of creating manuscripts during the Mughal period. Akbar the great was by far the biggest patron of illuminated manuscripts in India. He had studied painting himself in his youth and had inherited his father’s library. After he moved his capital to Fatehpur Sikri he set up a school dedicated to miniature painting under the tutelage of Persian master artists.

This style soon spread to the surrounding Hindu courts and the Hindu epics of the Ramayana, Mahabharata, smaller fables and fairy tales began to find themselves in this format in all languages and scripts.

The people of the Indian subcontinent have historically been a culture of knowledge. Thousands of texts and illuminated manuscripts have survived to this day. It is proof that whether in the midst of war or prosperity, kings and scholars worked to preserve the culture and histories of their people. So the next time you write a note, imagine who might find it years from now.

Project ◆ There are scores of scripts that originated in the Indian subcontinent.

Can you find out which ones are still used today? Hint: You might find more than one language that uses the same script. ◆ Learn how to write your name in 3 different scripts you don’t already know. ◆ Write a report about what you read in the style of an illuminated manuscript. Have a small picture in one corner and place your text around it.

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Science

Discover Magnetism

A

magnet is any object that has a magnetic field. It attracts ferrous objects like pieces of iron, steel, nickel and cobalt.

In the early days, the Greeks observed that the naturally occurring ‘lodestone’ attracted iron pieces. From that day onwards began the journey into the discovery of magnets.

These days magnets made artificially come in various shapes and sizes depending on their use. One of the most common magnets - the bar magnet - is a long, rectangular bar of uniform cross-section that attracts pieces of ferrous objects. The magnetic compass needle is also commonly used. The compass needle is a tiny magnet which is free to move horizontally on a pivot. One end of the compass needle points in the North direction and the other end points in the South direction.

The end of a freely pivoted magnet will always point in the NorthSouth direction. The end that points in the North is called the North Pole of the magnet and the end that points South is called the South Pole of the magnet. It has been proven by experiments that like magnetic poles repel each other whereas unlike poles attract each other.

Magnetic Field What is a magnetic field? The space surrounding a magnet, in which magnetic force is exerted, is called a magnetic field. If a bar magnet is placed in such a field, it will experience magnetic forces.

However, the field will continue to exist even if the magnet is removed. The direction of magnetic field at a point is the direction of the resultant force acting on a

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hypothetical North Pole placed at that point.

Impact of Electricity When current flows in a wire, a magnetic field is created around the wire. From this it has been inferred that magnetic fields are produced by the motion of electrical charges. A magnetic field of a bar magnet thus results from the motion of negatively charged electrons in the magnet.

Magnetic Lines of Force Just as an electric field is described by drawing the electric lines of force, in the same way, a magnetic field is described by drawing the magnetic lines of force. When a small north magnetic pole is placed in the magnetic field created by a magnet, it will experience a force. And if the North Pole is free, it will move under the influence of magnetic

field. The path traced by a North magnetic pole free to move under the influence of a magnetic field is called a magnetic line of force.

In other words, the magnetic lines of force are the lines drawn in a magnetic field along which a north magnetic pole would move.

The direction of a magnetic line of force at any point gives the direction of the magnetic force on a north pole placed at that point. Since the direction of magnetic line of force is the direction of force on a North Pole, so the magnetic lines of force always begin on the N-pole of a magnet and end on the S-pole of the magnet. A small magnetic compass when moved along a line of force always sets itself along the line tangential to it. So, a line drawn from the South Pole of the compass to its North Pole indicates the direction of the magnetic field.

Properties of the magnetic lines of force ◆ The magnetic lines of force originate from the North Pole of a magnet and end at its South Pole.

◆ The magnetic lines of force come closer to one another near the poles of a magnet but they are widely separated at other places.

◆ The magnetic lines of force do not intersect (or cross) one another. ◆ When a magnetic compass is placed at different points on a mag-

These are just some of the basic concepts of magnetism.

One cannot possibly grasp the depth and appreciate the versatility of magnets without reading more about the uses of magnets, the Earth as a huge magnet and electromagnetism among other things.

netic line of force, it aligns itself along the tangent to the line of force at that point.

“Magnetic fields are produced by the motion of electrical charges around an electrified wire.”

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Pride of India

S

ant Balbir Singh Seechewal is popularly known as “Eco-Baba” in India and abroad for his various achievements in conserving the environment. His most significant environmental achievement is a rejuvenation of Guru Nanak’s historic river Kali Bein, the 160-km long tributary of Beas, flowing through Punjab.

How did he do it?

Sant Seechewal gathered a large number of volunteers to help him on his mission to clean Kali Bein in 2000. At that time, Kali Bein — struck with severe domestic and industrial pollution — was on the verge of dying.

Sant Seechewal, with his volunteers, cleared the hyacinth and silt out of the river bed and restored the normal flow of clean water. They beautified the river banks with flowers and fruit trees, bathing ghats and brick roads. With this restoration, all the water problems in the Doaba area of Punjab were solved. It proved to be beneficial for the people of Punjab, both economically and environmentally.

Balbir’s sewage model With the help of Punjab government, Sant Seechewal has devised an underground sewerage system model, which is a low-cost indigenous model to store sewage waters in ponds and treat it in a natural way for usage in agriculture and irrigation.

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The Man Who Cleaned 160 - Km Long River

Around 50 villages have been beneficial with this model. With the availability of water, farmers can indulge in organic farming. Earlier, many of the farmers had committed suicides owing to crop failures due to lack of water. Even the government and the Centre have sought his help.

The Central government has also approached Sant Seechewal for implementation of the Seechewal Model in the cleaning of Ganga.

The government is looking forward to rejuvenating the Ganga with the help of people’s participation in rural areas of the states through which it passes, as reported by Tribune India.

More than environmentalist Sant Seechewal’s works have been widely praised across India and abroad. APJ Abdul Kalam, in many of his speeches, has praised Seechewal’s work as a role model for the nation. Not only the environment, Sant Seechewal has worked for society as well trying to eradicate poverty, ignorance, superstition, atrocities against women. He has established schools, technical centres and degree colleges at different places, where not only advanced and technical education is provided at a very low cost to the girls and the poor slum dwellers, but moral and religious values are also taught to the students in order to make them better and balanced human beings.

“Hero of Environment”. He is the only Indian and Asian to get this honour. The Logical Indian applauds the contribution of Sant Balbir Singh Seechewal in the field of restoring the environment. He has proved if people work together for the larger cause of society and environment we can overcome any problem. Taking forward Sant Balbir Singh’s work, let us strive to come together on a common ground to solve the issues of the society and environment.

Many national and international organisations have showered honours on him for his achievements in different fields of environmental up gradation and public welfare. Internationally renowned magazine Time has acclaimed Sant Seechewal as

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Country

CAMBODIA Continent: Asia

King: Norodom Sihamoni (2004) Prime Minister: Hun Sen (1998) Official language: Khmer Capital: Phnom Penh, 1.55 million Land area: 176,519 sq km Population : 15,458,332 Religions: Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5% Currency: Riel

Prime Minister: Hun Sen (1998)

Major Cities: Phnom Penh (1.5 million), Siem Reap, Battambang, Krong Ta Khmau, Kampong Cham.

Flag: The national flag of Cambodia in its present form was originally adopted in 1948 and readopted in 1993, after elections restored the monarchy. Since around 1850, the Cambodian flag has featured a depiction of Angkor Wat Temple in the centre.

Major Food: Rice and fish. Cambodians eat rice at every meal. It is served fried, steamed, or in the form of noodles. Fish is eaten fresh, dried, smoked, or as a paste called prahok and is spiced with hot peppers, lemon grass, or mint. Cambodians even use rice in desserts. They combine it with fruit and coconut milk to create a sweet treat.

Major landforms: Much of Cambodia’s overall land area is a series of rolling plains, north to south. Its most striking landforms include Tonle Sap Lake, and the Mekong River, which crosses the entire country as it flows through the Mekong Lowlands and on to the South China Sea.

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Government Multi-party democracy under a constitutional monarchy.

Geography Situated on the Indochinese peninsula, Cambodia shares border with Thailand and Laos on the north and Vietnam on the east and south. The Gulf of Thailand is off the western coast. The size of Missouri, the country consists chiefly of a large alluvial plain ringed by mountains with the Mekong River to the east. The plain is centered around Lake Tonle Sap, which is a natural storage basin of the Mekong.

History The present-day Cambodia came under Khmer rule about 600 AD, when the region was at the center of a vast empire that stretched over most of Southeast Asia. Under the Khmers, who were Hindus, a magnificent temple complex was constructed at Angkor. Buddhism was introduced in the 12th century during the rule of Jayavaram VII. However, the kingdom, then known as Kambuja, fell into decline after Jayavaram’s reign and nearly annihilated by Thai and Vietnamese invaders. Kambuja’s power steadily diminished until 1863, when France colonized the region, joining Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam into a single protectorate known as French Indochina.

The French quickly usurped all but ceremonial powers from the monarch Norodom when he died in 1904. They overlooked his sons and handed the throne to his brother, Sisowath. He and his son ruled until 1941 when Norodom Sihanouk was elevated to power. Sihanouk’s coronation, along with the Japanese occupation during the war, worked to reinforce a sentiment among Cambodians that the region should be free from outside control. After World War II, Cambodians sought independence, but France was reluctant to part with its colony. Cambodia was granted independence within the French Union in 1949. But the French-Indochinese War provided an opportunity for Sihanouk to gain full military control of the country. He abdicated in favor of his parents in 1955. When his father died in 1960, Sihanouk became chief of state without returning to the throne. In 1963, he sought a guarantee of Cambodia’s neutrality from all parties in the Vietnam War. The Khmer Rouge regime modelled itself on Maoist China during the Great Leap Forward. They evacuated the cities, and sent the entire population to work on rural projects. They attempted to rebuild the country’s agricultural model, discarded modern medicine, destroyed temples and libraries. It is estimated that one to three million were killed by the Khmer Rouge regime.

In November 1978, Vietnamese troops invaded Cambodia in response to border raids by the Khmer Rouge. The People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK), a pro-Soviet state led by the Kampuchean People’s Revolutionary Party was established.

Meanwhile peace efforts began in Paris in 1989 under the State of Cambodia, culminating two years later in a Paris Comprehensive Peace Settlement. The UN was given a mandate to enforce a ceasefire and deal with refugees and disarmament known as the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC).

In 1993, Norodom Sihanouk was restored as King of Cambodia, but all power was in the hands of the government established after the UNTAC sponsored elections.

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Best Places to Visit in Cambodia Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat (m eaning “City Te mple”) is the most magnificen t and largest of all Angkor temples and the top tourist attract io n in Cambodia. Built arou nd the first half of 12th century

by King Suryavar man II, the templ e’s balance, composition an d beauty make it one of the finest monumen ts in the world.

A huge rectangular reservoi r surrounds Angk or Wat which rises up through a series of three rectangular terraces to the central shrine an d tower at a height of 213 m eters (669 feet).

Th is arrangement reflects th e traditional Kh mer idea of the temple mou ntain, in which the temple represent Mount Meru, the home of the gods in Hinduism.

Bayon Temple

n of Angkor, mous destinatio fa ld or w e th of 0 Part sea of over 20 ple features a n. io the Bayon tem ct re di in all faces looking massive stone by many to faces, thought g ilin sm us rio The cu VII himself or a King Jayavarman be a portrait of , are an instantly him and Buddha of n tio na bi m co in the 12th of Angkor. Built e ag im e bl iza recogn as part of a Jayavarman VII century by King Angkor Thom, n of his capital io ns pa ex e siv mas the royal e exact center of th at ilt bu is n the Bayo city.

Facts about Cambodia ■ Cambodia’s flag is the only one in the world to feature a building, Angkor Wat. ■ During the four years of the Khmer Rouge’s rule around 2 million people were killed. That’s one-fifth of the population.

■ Angkor Wat was constructed about 800 years before Tomb Raider was filmed there. It’s like they knew she was coming.

■ Because of the genocide 63% of Cambodia’s population is under thirty.

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Tonle Sap

lake in South rgest freshwater la e th is p Sa Tonle Cambodia. importance to or aj m of is d the East Asia an amatically with s and shrinks dr nd pa ex ke dry la e a’s Th Cambodi ember to May, ov N om Fr s. g River at season ns into the Mekon ai dr p Sa e nl To ins season, the year’s heavy ra ever, when the w Ho . nh Pe ge m Phno Sap chan s w of the Tonle flo e th , ne Ju Sap begin in ke forms. Tonle an enormous la d an ns ous io er ct m re di ese and nu ethnic Vietnam y an m to e m is ho ges around g in floating villa in liv , es iti un m Cham com the lake.

Koh Ker Koh Ker was the capital of the Kh mer empire for a very brief pe riod from the ye ar 928 to 944 AD. In this short time some very sp ectacular buildings and im mense sculptur es were constructed. Th e site is dominat ed

by Prasat Thom, a 30 met er (98 ft) tall tem pl e pyramid rising high abov e the surrounding jungle.

Banteay Srei kor complex, Although officially part of the Ang s) north-east of Banteay Srei lies 25 km (15 mile therefore often the main group of temples, and ia attraction. The considered a separate Cambod and is built largely temple was completed in 967 AD lends itself to the of red sandstone, a medium that which are still elaborate decorative wall carvings i is the only major clearly visible today. Banteay Sre king, instead it temple at Angkor not built for a Rajendravarman’s was constructed by one of king counselors, Yajnyavahara.

■ The average age of marriage is 22 for women and 25 for men.

■ It’s estimated there are still 4 million landmines still to be cleared in Cambodia.

■ Traditional Cambodian weddings can go for up to three days and three nights.

■ Most Cambodians don’t celebrate their birthdays and many of the older ones don’t even know how old they are.

Phnom Penh

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Sports

Fo tball F

ootball or soccer is the world’s most popular sport. The game varies from country to country.

The Federation International de Football Association (FIFA) was founded in 1904 in Paris by delegates from Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. The FIFA amends the rules of the game on behalf of the sporting community.

Object of the Game The object of the game is to kick the football between a series of 4 goal posts. Depending on which posts the ball goes between will depend on how many points you score. The ball can be passed around between team mates in a series of fashions and the winning team will be the team with the highest number of points at the end of the game.

Field surface The field of play must be a wholly natural or, if competition rules permit, a wholly artificial surface except where competition rules permit an integrated combination of artificial and natural materials (hybrid system).

Dimensions Competitions may determine the length of the goal line and touchline. The touchline must be longer than the goal line.

◆ Length (touchline): Minimum 90 m (100 yds), maximum 120 m (130 yds) ◆ Length (goal line): Minimum 45 m (50yds), maximum 90m (100yds) For international matches

◆ Length (touchline): Minimum 100 m (100 yds), maximum 110 m (120 yds) ◆ Length (goal line): Minimum 64 m (70 yds), maximum 75 m (80 yds)

The goal area Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 5.5 m (6 yds) from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for 5.5 m (6 yds) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the goal area.

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The penalty area

Goal scored

Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 16.5 m (18 yds) from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for 16.5 m (18 yds) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the penalty area.

A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided that no offence or infringement of the Laws of the Game has been committed by the team scoring the goal. If a referee signals a goal before the ball has passed wholly over the goal line, play is restarted with a dropped ball.

The corner area The corner area is defined by a quarter circle with a radius of 1 m (1 yd) from each corner flagpost drawn inside the field of play

Flagposts A flagpost, at least 1.5 m (5 ft) high, with a non-pointed top and a flag must be placed at each corner. Flagposts may be placed at each end of the halfway line, at least 1 m (1 yd) outside the touchline.

Goals A goal must be placed on the centre of each goal line. A goal consists of two vertical posts equidistant from the corner flagposts and joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar.

Measurements All balls must be spherical, made of suitable material with a circumference of between 70 cm (28 ins) and 68 cm (27 ins) and should weigh between 450 g (16 oz) and 410 g (14 oz) at the start of the match.

Winning team The team scoring the greater number of goals is the winner. If both teams score no goals or an equal number of goals the match is drawn. When competition rules require a winning team after a drawn match or home and-away tie, the only permitted procedures to determine the winning team are extra time or kicks from the penalty mark.

Number of players A match is played by two teams, each with a maximum of eleven players; one must be the goalkeeper. A match may not start or continue if either team has fewer than seven players.

Referee Each match is controlled by a referee who has full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match. Decisions will be made to the best of the referee`s ability according to the Laws of the Game.

Periods of play A match lasts for two equal halves of 45 minutes which may only be reduced if agreed between the referee and the two teams before the start of the match and is in accordance with competition rules.

Penalty kick If a penalty kick has to be taken or retaken, the half is extended until the penalty kick is completed.

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l o Co

s n o i t Inven Ring to Monitor Body Movements

M

eet Utkarsh Tandon, an Indian American kid from California, who has invented something amazing. This high schooler has turned his science fair project into an actual ring for patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease.

His model of the ring tracks the patient’s movements and helps generate a better picture of his or her condition.

Parkinson’s disease affects nearly 10 million people all over the world.

The model named OneRing – inspired from the ring in JRR Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings – is aimed at helping these patients.

The plastic ring contains a microchip. Using an algorithm, the ring classifies the wearer’s movements and records them. The motions are categorised into three levels – Dyskinesia, Bradykinesia, and tremor.

The recording is sent to an app, which compiles the data into a daily report. The data is sent to the patient’s doctor, allowing him or her to monitor the symptoms and modify the treatment accordingly.

Utkarsh won the California State Science Fair and was given a grant from the UCLS Brain Research Institute. After two rounds of fundraising by kickstarter, Utkarsh now has enough funds to start his own company at the age of 15.

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s s e s d n r n o i c e u G orld R Distributing w over 1 million saplings A s part of the government’s “Clean UP Green UP” initiative, Uttar Pradesh forest department successfully achieved a record for the Largest distribution of saplings, donating incredible 1,053,108 saplings to 10 locations in December last year, completely free of charge.

With the help of thousands of people, all the saplings were distributed between 8.30 AM to 4.30 PM, before being planted in the same locations.

Following the Guinness World Records guidelines, the saplings had to be small enough so that their entire root systems could be transplanted along with them, which would allow them to grow properly when replanted.

The trees also had to be a species appropriate for the chosen region of distribution.

Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav said : “Today the world is realizing that serious efforts are needed to reduce carbon emissions to mitigate the effects of global climate change. We, in Uttar Pradesh have always been aware and sensitive to this most important issue facing mankind. Our efforts to promote cycling through constructing dedicated cycle tracks, public transport like Metro, large public parks, promotion of solar energy, LEDs and afforestation all go in this direction. From this overall vision flows our effort to distribute the maximum number of saplings on one day. It would not only make a significant afforestation initiative in its own right but would also spread awareness and enthusiasm towards afforestation and environmental conservation. I assure you that efforts in this direction are going to continue as they are embedded in our overall philosophy”.

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Current Affairs LS passes Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2016

First woman violinist to receive Sangita Kalanidhi Award

Brahmaputra Valley Film Festival 2016 begins in Guwahati

The Bill seeks to add six new Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) at Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, Palakkad in Kerala, Goa, Dharwar in Karnataka, Bhilai in Chhattisgarh, and Jammu.

Sangita Kalanidhi is the first woman violinist to get the award in the history of the Music Academy. She will preside over the 90th annual conference of the Academy to be held between December 15 and January 1, 2017.

The aim of the Brahmaputra Valley Film Festival is to bridge the gap by bringing engaging storytellers from within and outside the region under one roof.

Nepal Prime Minister KP Oli resigns

Genes of 6,000-year-old barley grains sequenced The Chalcolithic barley grains were retrieved from Yoram Cave in Israel, close to the Dead Sea. The prehistoric barley is similar to present-day barley grown in the Southern Levant.

First Water Metro launched in Kochi

K P Oli has been facing a no-trust motion after the Maoists withdrew support from the coalition government. The no trust motion tabled against him by the Nepali Congress (NC) and the CPN-Maoist Centre led by Prachanda.

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German Development Bank (KfW) has inked an agreement with the Kochi Metro Rail Limited for the project worth Rs 747 cr. The metro network will provide last-mile connectivity to islanders and leisure packages to visitors.

First e-court opens at Hyderabad High Court

India’s first e-court was opened at High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad. The e-court would ensure speedy justice for the litigants.

Chennai boy wins Google Award Advay Ramesh, a Class 10 student from Chennai, bagged the award for creating a device that enhances fishermen’s safety and productivity. FishErmen Lifeline Terminal (FELT) hand-held terminal uses the Standard Position Services (SPS), an open service without encryption provided by the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System, to enhance fishermen’s safety and productivity at the sea.

Hyderabadi wins Mister World title

‘Ramayana month’ begins in Kerala

Ramayana month, Karkkidakam, is the last month of the Malayalam Calendar is observed as Ramayana month. The reading of the epic begins on the first day of the month and concludes on the last day.

Justice Shah on black money Justice MB Shah led SIT team recommends ban on cash transactions above 3 lakh rupees in a day. It recommended enacting a law to declare such transactions as illegal and punishable.

Rohit Khandelwal won the coveted Mister World 2016 title at the Southport Theatre & Convention Centre in Southport, UK recently. Mr World 2014 Nicklas Pedersen passed on the title to Khandelwal. He also won a cash prize of $ 50,000.

Canada to conduct world’s first Zika vaccine test A Canadian university said that it will conduct the world’s first Zika vaccine test on humans. The development of the vaccine has been authorized by the USFDA and Health Canada. Until now, vaccines have been tested on mice.

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Rajesh Kumar Chaturvedi is chairman of CBSE Chaturvedi was appointed after the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) decided that CBSE chairperson will be appointed through Central Staffing Scheme and not through Search-Cum-Selection Committee method.

Apex Court reinstates Nabam Tuki government The Supreme Court unanimously restored Congress Government led by Nabam Tuki in Arunachal Pradesh. Governor J P Rajkhowa had ordered dismissal of Tuki government.

Sushila Karki is first woman Chief Justice

Nepal’s Parliamentary Hearing Special Committee had recommended Sushila Karki for the top judicial post. She has been the Acting Chief Justice since April 14, 2016.

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Kerala proposes Fat Tax on junk food

The Kerala government proposed 14.5 percent tax on pizzas, burgers, sandwiches and tacos sold through branded outlets.

The tax is primarily aimed at dissuading children from eating a lot of energy dense foods.

South African writer wins 2016 Caine Prize

Writer, filmmaker and photographer Lidudumalingani Mqombothi won the prestigious Caine Prize 2016 for his short story ‘Memories We Lost.’ She was awarded with 10000 Euros and a month at Georgetown University as a writer-in-residence.

Second phase of Haritha Haram launched

The two-week long Haritha Haram programme aims at planting 46 crore plants, including 25 lakh in Hyderabad, to improve green belt in the state.

Sports News Feliciano Lopez wins 2016 Swiss Open Gstaad

Another feather in Kohli’s cap

Virat Kohli is the fifth captain to score a double century in a Test match after Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi (2013 vs England), Sunil Gavaskar (205 vs West Indies), Sachin Tendulkar (217 vs New Zealand) and MS Dhoni (224 vs Australia).

Top-seeded Feliciano Lopez of Spain on 24 July 2016 defeated Robin Haase of the Netherlands 6-4, 7-5 to win the 2016 Swiss Open Gstaad. It is Lopez’s first title on clay and his fifth overall.

Harika Dronavalli wins Fide Grand Prix trophy

Six more Indians qualify for Rio Olympics

Neeraj Chopra wins gold in World Athletics championships

Indian Grand Master Koneru Humpy rounded off her campaign with a victory to finish on 7/11 points. But Harika was declared winner for finishing with a better tie-break record in the tournament.

Anirban Lahiri, Shiv Shankar Prasad Chawrasia and Aditi Ashok qualified for Rio after the crossing the mark of rank 60 in world rankings. Golf as game returned to the Olympics for the first time since 1904 St. Louis Games.

Portugal won Euro 2016 football championship

Neeraj Chopra, the javelin thrower won gold in the IAAF World Under-20 Championships in Bydgoszcz, Poland. With this, he managed to set a new world record of 86.48m.

Substitute Eder scored in extra-time to give Portugal a win at their first major international title despite losing captain and talisman Cristiano Ronaldo to injury.

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Brain Gym 1. Friends ! can you tell what is common in all these six persons?

2. Spokes

3. Scrabble

CLUE 1. Submerge or plunge suddenly.

2. The property possessed by a large mass.

3. Any of several nutritive milklike liquide.

4. A fabric made from the fine threads produced by certain larvae.

5. A vigorous blow.

6. Make small marks into the surface of.

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Brain Gym Answers 1. All cartoon characters are created by Walt Disney.

2.

3. 1.FOND, 2.FUND, 3.UNDO, 4.FON, 5.DON, 6.FON, 7.NOD & 8. NO 4. Pattern Number 1.

5. 1.Less numbers of nails in the windown. 2.Man has less hair on the head. 3.His eyes are closed. 4.His teeth are missing. 5.Spoon missing from the bowl. 6.Woman is not smiling. 7.Less numbers of bangle on her wrist. 8.Pallu of her sari differs.

5. Find Eight Differences in Both the Pictures.

4. Looking at the change of patterns, tell, what comes in Blank - Change to ‘Guess the next pattern...’

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Send your profile picture and school details.

What does your creative eye see in this?

Killing trees is just like killing an unborn infant.

Save the world don’t let your kid’s dreams & aspiration die.

Free the trees from salvation of mankind, Be nice to them. lssued in public interest.

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